279:
71:
328:
416:
54:
471:
Luso-Descendants (IALD) the village of Chaung Yoe was the hardest hit, and was allegedly attacked with artillery. After the attacks, only 20 of the 350 houses were left intact. The villagers were persecuted, terrorised and at least five were shot and killed while fleeing the attack, according to eyewitnesses. Several
470:
anti-government protests from the community. Agriculture and infrastructure was destroyed and livestock were killed. The villages were ransacked, hundreds of houses were looted and torched, with
Catholic chapels also being targeted and razed. According to the International Association of
302:
to assist the
Burmese in war. By the mid-17th century, the mercenaries, who had proven politically dangerous as well as expensive, had virtually disappeared in favour of cannoneers and matchlockmen in the Burmese military
745:
612:
475:
were arrested and their chapels were looted for gold and money. According to a
Bayingyi eyewitness, the Catholic faith and 'foreign' traditions of his people is likely the reason for the attacks.
442:, and some estimate up to 100,000 Bayingyi are dispersed across the villages of the Mu Valley. Centuries of inter-marriage have left the Bayingyi more or less assimilated into the
384:. De Brito was captured and executed by impaling. The Portuguese community, between 4,000 and 5,000 people, was taken prisoner and marched to the Taungoo capital,
1328:
1258:
1268:
307:
system. However, the men who replaced the mercenaries were themselves descendants of the mercenaries who had settled in their own hereditary villages in
1188:
902:
1223:
1109:
1288:
944:
1208:
1104:
1055:
959:
954:
1534:
1505:
1490:
1442:
1417:
1373:
1198:
1173:
1020:
949:
434:
An 1830 census put the population of the
Bayingyi at somewhere roughly around 3,000, but it is entirely possible many thousands more have some
1684:
1515:
1363:
1138:
1094:
1089:
1040:
1664:
1659:
1564:
1422:
1133:
1114:
1584:
1323:
1168:
1079:
1074:
1050:
1674:
1589:
1333:
1213:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1368:
1348:
1218:
1193:
1045:
1649:
1432:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1228:
1203:
831:
1313:
1303:
1283:
1253:
769:
399:. He encouraged the Portuguese and their mixed-race families to integrate, and gave them the land where their ancestors live in
895:
860:
798:
688:
558:
1785:
640:
533:
1780:
888:
504:
154:
419:
746:"'Risking my life to speak out,' claims minority Catholic community leader amid persecution by Myanmar's junta"
467:
613:"Casas incendiadas, terror e morte em Myanmar: Luso-descendentes católicos Bayingyi no alvo dos militares"
714:
587:
514:
451:
316:
291:
218:
198:
403:. Now the descendants of these Portuguese, heavily integrated both ethnically and culturally into the
253:', used to generally describe any western European, with the word mainly being used by Middle Eastern
1705:
462:
At the end of 2021 and through 2022 several
Bayingyi villages in the Mu Valley were targeted by the
911:
509:
347:
331:
664:
1727:
1183:
1030:
407:, live scattered across an unknown range of villages and towns in this region known as 'Anya'.
278:
1754:
210:
1700:
1644:
494:
377:
92:
8:
1015:
369:
De Brito, who commanded a force of about 3,000 men, enraged the
Burmese after his forces
861:"Political situation in Myanmar and the effects on Bayingyi villages - José Ramos-Horta"
233:
features, as “Bayingyi", but the everyday usage of the term, along with the
Bayingyi's
1153:
773:
499:
447:
435:
190:
144:
327:
201:' artillery and musketeers corps, and over centuries of continued settlement in the
1594:
1318:
1293:
1143:
964:
366:, where the ruins of the country’s first Catholic church can be seen on a hilltop.
283:
174:
101:
96:
1759:
1744:
1732:
1495:
1338:
1084:
415:
294:
recruited entire corps of
European and Muslim mercenaries, who used knowledge of
120:
1308:
1749:
1737:
1722:
1639:
1634:
1599:
1579:
1569:
1549:
1473:
1388:
1278:
1233:
1148:
1035:
1025:
979:
921:
472:
438:– at least 5,000 Portuguese adventurers and mercenaries came to and settled in
400:
351:
322:
312:
230:
206:
76:
1774:
1679:
1654:
1554:
1393:
1383:
1273:
999:
969:
939:
930:
308:
229:
The descendants of the
Portuguese were once commonly known, because of their
1544:
1500:
1408:
1358:
1263:
1178:
1065:
994:
880:
404:
373:
238:
214:
149:
116:
454:, and in some individuals obvious European phenotypes are still present.
1669:
1574:
1559:
1539:
1525:
1447:
1437:
1353:
1298:
1124:
989:
984:
489:
484:
392:
381:
370:
355:
186:
159:
1629:
1510:
1463:
1427:
1398:
1163:
1099:
359:
258:
1624:
1158:
295:
197:(Burma) in the 16th and 17th centuries. They were recruited into the
126:
358:. In 1599, de Brito was made governor of Syriam, a busy port on the
286:
pennant of a
Burmese artillery unit made up of European descendants.
1710:
463:
363:
335:
262:
202:
388:. Some sources say it took them 10 weeks to complete the journey.
1619:
1378:
446:
ethnic group of Myanmar, but they have still kept their sense of
439:
427:
254:
194:
59:
237:
appearance, has almost disappeared due to assimilation with the
1484:
1343:
974:
423:
396:
299:
242:
234:
443:
339:
534:"1: The 400-year history of Portuguese Catholics in Sagaing"
323:
Filipe de Brito and the development of the Bayingyi identity
832:"Ancient Catholic villages in Myanmar targeted by military"
385:
641:"The 400-year history of Portuguese Catholics in Sagaing"
217:, while keeping their sense of Portuguese identity and
719:
500 Anos Portugal-Tailândia, por Miguel Castelo Branco
829:
213:into the dominant ethnic group of the region, the
346:One of the best-known Portuguese adventurers was
1772:
67:
896:
910:
273:
315:) where they practised their own religion (
903:
889:
712:
241:. The term “Bayingyi” is derived from the
830:enquiries@thetablet.co.uk, The Tablet-w.
376:, and in 1613 Syriam was attacked by the
50:
414:
326:
277:
588:"3: Portuguese descendants in Thailand"
334:, Portuguese mercenary and governor of
290:During the 16th and 17th centuries the
193:mercenaries or adventurers who came to
1773:
884:
855:
853:
851:
825:
823:
821:
819:
803:Joao-Roque Literary Journal est. 2017
693:Joao-Roque Literary Journal est. 2017
566:Joao-Roque Literary Journal Est. 2017
740:
738:
736:
734:
715:"Portuguese descendants in Thailand"
634:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
45:Regions with significant populations
639:Thu, Mratt Kyaw (6 December 2017).
638:
209:of Myanmar, have been more or less
13:
848:
816:
319:) and followed their own customs.
14:
1797:
731:
619:
559:"2: The Bayingyi People of Burma"
261:invaders from Europe during the
69:
52:
791:
770:"Bayingyis of the Valley of Mu"
762:
799:"The Bayingyi People of Burma"
772:. 19 June 2009. Archived from
706:
689:"The Bayingyi People of Burma"
681:
657:
605:
580:
551:
526:
457:
185:, are a subgroup ethnicity of
40:At least 3,000, up to 100,000
1:
520:
410:
189:, and are the descendants of
515:Roman Catholicism in Myanmar
224:
7:
1786:Portuguese diaspora in Asia
713:Combustões (19 July 2009).
478:
10:
1802:
665:"The Bayingyis of Myanmar"
364:Yangon’s Thanlyin Township
292:Royal Burmese Armed forces
268:
199:Royal Burmese Armed forces
1693:
1524:
1472:
1456:
1407:
1123:
1064:
1008:
929:
918:
274:Arrival of the Portuguese
178:
140:
135:
112:
107:
91:
86:
66:
49:
44:
39:
34:
27:
1781:Ethnic groups in Myanmar
912:Ethnic groups in Myanmar
510:Felipe de Brito e Nicote
505:Ethnic groups of Myanmar
348:Filipe de Brito e Nicote
155:Ethnic groups of Myanmar
1031:Ka-Yun (Kayan; Padaung)
452:Roman Catholic religion
422:, a Catholic church in
16:Ethnic group in Myanmar
431:
395:was succeeded by King
343:
311:(on the vast plain in
287:
1694:Unrecognised / Others
418:
330:
281:
136:Related ethnic groups
426:(formerly Rangoon),
93:Languages of Myanmar
448:Portuguese identity
436:Portuguese ancestry
420:St Mary's Cathedral
205:, particularly the
24:
1080:Mon Kayin (Sarpyu)
568:. 26 February 2018
539:. 19 December 2017
432:
344:
288:
22:
1768:
1767:
1379:Zahnyet (Zanniat)
805:. 6 February 2018
779:on 16 August 2017
695:. 6 February 2018
669:lostfootsteps.org
500:Portuguese people
350:, who served the
317:Roman Catholicism
168:
167:
121:Roman Catholicism
1793:
1670:Kaw (Akha-E-Kaw)
1359:Tiddim (Hai-Dim)
1294:Mro-Khimi people
1189:Kaung Saing Chin
905:
898:
891:
882:
881:
876:
875:
873:
872:
857:
846:
845:
843:
842:
827:
814:
813:
811:
810:
795:
789:
788:
786:
784:
778:
766:
760:
759:
757:
756:
742:
729:
728:
726:
725:
710:
704:
703:
701:
700:
685:
679:
678:
676:
675:
661:
655:
654:
652:
651:
645:Frontier Myanmar
636:
617:
616:
609:
603:
602:
600:
598:
592:
584:
578:
577:
575:
573:
563:
555:
549:
548:
546:
544:
538:
530:
257:to describe the
181:) also known as
180:
79:
75:
73:
72:
62:
58:
56:
55:
35:Total population
25:
21:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1689:
1520:
1511:Mru (Taung Mro)
1475:
1468:
1452:
1403:
1274:Meithei (Kathe)
1224:Lai (Haka Chin)
1119:
1060:
1004:
975:Lashi (La Chit)
925:
914:
909:
879:
870:
868:
859:
858:
849:
840:
838:
828:
817:
808:
806:
797:
796:
792:
782:
780:
776:
768:
767:
763:
754:
752:
744:
743:
732:
723:
721:
711:
707:
698:
696:
687:
686:
682:
673:
671:
663:
662:
658:
649:
647:
637:
620:
611:
610:
606:
596:
594:
590:
586:
585:
581:
571:
569:
561:
557:
556:
552:
542:
540:
536:
532:
531:
527:
523:
481:
460:
413:
378:Taungoo dynasty
362:in what is now
332:Filipe de Brito
325:
282:A 19th-century
276:
271:
227:
171:Bayingyi people
164:
131:
124:
99:
70:
68:
53:
51:
30:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1799:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1481:
1479:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1409:Bamar (Burman)
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1174:Gunte (Lyente)
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
965:Maru (Lawgore)
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
936:
934:
927:
926:
922:Burmese people
919:
916:
915:
908:
907:
900:
893:
885:
878:
877:
865:ramoshorta.com
847:
815:
790:
761:
730:
705:
680:
656:
618:
604:
593:. 19 June 2009
579:
550:
524:
522:
519:
518:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
480:
477:
459:
456:
412:
409:
324:
321:
313:Sagaing Region
275:
272:
270:
267:
226:
223:
219:Roman Catholic
207:Sagaing Region
166:
165:
163:
162:
157:
152:
147:
141:
138:
137:
133:
132:
130:
129:
113:
110:
109:
105:
104:
89:
88:
84:
83:
80:
77:Sagaing Region
64:
63:
47:
46:
42:
41:
37:
36:
32:
31:
28:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1798:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1701:Anglo-Burmese
1699:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:Danaw (Danau)
1533:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1209:Kwangli (Sim)
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:Kayin (Karen)
1063:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
935:
932:
928:
924:
923:
917:
913:
906:
901:
899:
894:
892:
887:
886:
883:
866:
862:
856:
854:
852:
837:
833:
826:
824:
822:
820:
804:
800:
794:
775:
771:
765:
751:
747:
741:
739:
737:
735:
720:
716:
709:
694:
690:
684:
670:
666:
660:
646:
642:
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
614:
608:
589:
583:
567:
560:
554:
535:
529:
525:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
495:Anglo-Burmese
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
482:
476:
474:
469:
468:pro-democracy
466:, leading to
465:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
429:
425:
421:
417:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
374:Buddha images
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
342:, circa 1600.
341:
337:
333:
329:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
297:
293:
285:
280:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
176:
172:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
142:
139:
134:
128:
122:
118:
115:
114:
111:
106:
103:
98:
94:
90:
85:
81:
78:
65:
61:
48:
43:
38:
33:
26:
1717:
1560:Khmu (Khamu)
1506:Miram (Mara)
1149:Bre (Ka-Yaw)
920:
869:. Retrieved
867:. 2022-06-05
864:
839:. Retrieved
835:
807:. Retrieved
802:
793:
781:. Retrieved
774:the original
764:
753:. Retrieved
750:SBS Language
749:
722:. Retrieved
718:
708:
697:. Retrieved
692:
683:
672:. Retrieved
668:
659:
648:. Retrieved
644:
607:
595:. Retrieved
582:
570:. Retrieved
565:
553:
541:. Retrieved
528:
490:Luso-Indians
461:
433:
390:
368:
345:
304:
289:
250:
246:
245:expression ‘
228:
183:Luso-Burmese
182:
170:
169:
150:Bamar people
117:Christianity
19:Ethnic group
1685:Hkun (Khün)
1555:Khamti Shan
1476:(Arakanese)
1438:Kadu (Kado)
1364:Torr (Tawr)
1159:Dai (Yindu)
1090:Ta-Hlay-Pwa
485:Luso-Asians
458:Persecution
393:Anaukpetlun
382:Anaukpetlun
356:Min Razagyi
309:Upper Burma
211:assimilated
187:Luso-Asians
160:Luso-Asians
1775:Categories
1036:Manu Manaw
1016:Geba Karen
871:2024-04-29
841:2024-04-29
836:The Tablet
809:2020-06-23
755:2024-04-29
724:2019-05-11
699:2019-05-11
674:2019-05-17
650:2019-05-11
521:References
411:Population
371:desecrated
360:Bago River
221:religion.
191:Portuguese
145:Portuguese
1755:Pakistani
1585:Shan Gale
1501:Maramagyi
1324:Saing Zan
1169:Eik-swair
1115:Shu (Pwo)
1075:Pa-Le-Chi
1051:Yin Talai
1009:Kayah (9)
473:clergymen
391:In 1628,
296:artillery
259:Christian
231:Caucasian
225:Etymology
203:Mu Valley
87:Languages
23:Baryingyi
1760:Taungtha
1745:Rohingya
1718:Bayingyi
1680:Maingtha
1675:Maw Shan
1590:Shan Gyi
1496:Daingnet
1474:Rakhine
1339:Tangkhul
1334:Senthang
1214:Kwelshin
1110:Monnepwa
1000:Ngochang
479:See also
464:Tatmadaw
430:(Burma).
284:Konbaung
263:Crusades
247:Feringhi
235:European
127:Buddhism
119:(mostly
108:Religion
29:ဘုရင်ဂျီ
1711:Panthay
1706:Chinese
1640:Yin Net
1635:Yin Kya
1625:Wa (Va)
1620:Taungyo
1615:Taishon
1610:Tai-Lay
1605:Tai-Lon
1600:Tai Nua
1595:Tai-Loi
1580:Palaung
1487:(Kaman)
1457:Mon (1)
1369:Yin Gog
1349:Tay-Zan
1219:Kwe Myi
1194:Kaungso
1184:Hualngo
1046:Yin Baw
1026:Karenni
945:Dalaung
940:Jingpaw
440:Myanmar
428:Myanmar
401:Sagaing
352:Rakhine
305:ahmudan
300:muskets
269:History
255:Muslims
195:Myanmar
179:ဘရင်ဂျီ
175:Burmese
102:English
97:Burmese
82:~3,000+
60:Myanmar
1738:Tamils
1733:Indian
1723:Gurkha
1650:Man Zi
1570:Kokang
1485:Kamein
1433:Yabein
1394:Zotung
1389:Zophei
1384:Sizang
1344:Tapong
1329:Saline
1319:Rongtu
1289:Lusayy
1249:Lyente
1244:Lhinbu
1239:Laymyo
1234:Lawhtu
1229:Laizao
1204:Khawno
1105:Monpwa
1056:Zayein
990:Rawang
960:Duleng
955:Hkahku
931:Kachin
783:11 May
597:11 May
572:11 May
543:11 May
424:Yangon
397:Thalun
380:king,
354:king,
336:Syriam
249:’ or '
243:Arabic
74:
57:
1750:Malay
1545:Intha
1491:Khami
1443:Ganan
1418:Dawei
1374:Zahau
1354:Thado
1314:Panun
1309:Oo-Pu
1304:Ngawn
1284:Mi-er
1264:Marma
1259:Malin
1254:Magun
1199:Kebar
1179:Guite
1154:Cumtu
1085:S'gaw
1021:Gheko
995:Taron
950:Gauri
777:(PDF)
591:(PDF)
562:(PDF)
537:(PDF)
444:Bamar
405:Bamar
340:Burma
251:Frank
239:Bamar
215:Bamar
125:Some
100:Some
1728:Mizo
1655:Pyin
1575:Lahu
1550:Pa-O
1540:Danu
1528:(33)
1526:Shan
1516:Thet
1448:Hpon
1423:Beik
1299:Naga
1279:Mgan
1269:Matu
1144:Asho
1139:Anun
1127:(53)
1125:Chin
1095:Paku
1068:(11)
1041:Pale
985:Lisu
980:Atsi
970:Hpon
933:(12)
785:2019
599:2019
574:2019
545:2019
450:and
298:and
1665:Son
1660:Eng
1645:Yun
1630:Yao
1565:Kwi
1478:(7)
1464:Mon
1428:Yaw
1411:(9)
1399:Zou
1164:Dim
1134:Anu
1100:Bwe
386:Ava
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