Big History - Knowledge

2133:. In this work, Bruno traces out the decline of the Christian era and posits that this decline will be based on a massive ecological and economic crisis, which he allegorizes as a 'cetus', a whale, whose thrashings create disruptive waves and cause people to question the religious and philosophical underpinnings of the west. According to Bruno, it is exactly the laser-like focus, for hundreds of years, on the economic growth and spread of people (through colonialism and capitalism, which were rationalized through Christianity) that will lead to an environmental tipping point, or crisis, when humans recognize that their own material well being is predicated and completely dependent on the presence of myriad other beings, animals, plankton, plants, bacteria, and so forth. In a sense, Bruno's work foresaw the Material Turn, which dates to the 1990s. It should be stressed that Bruno sees this flow of history as based on evolution and the learning curve. In the mid-19th century, 2543: 2489: 463: 2213: 224: 1671:

toward all complex systems demonstrates that the basic differences, both within and among many varied systems, are of degree, not of kind. And, in particular, it suggests that optimal ranges of energy rate density grant opportunities for the evolution of complexity; those systems able to adjust, adapt, or otherwise take advantage of such energy flows survive and prosper, while other systems adversely affected by too much or too little energy are non-randomly eliminated.

1514:. This Big-Bang-to-humankind scenario well preceded the subject that some historians began calling Big History in the 1990s. Cosmic evolution is an intellectual framework that offers a grand synthesis of the many varied changes in the assembly and composition of radiation, matter, and life throughout the history of the universe. While engaging in issues of the origins of humanity, this interdisciplinary subject attempts to unify the sciences within the entirety of 556:, a stage in history itself following speech, writing, and printing. Big History covers the formation of the universe, stars, and galaxies, and includes the beginning of life as well as the period of several hundred thousand years when humans were hunter-gatherers. It sees the transition to civilization as a gradual one, with many causes and effects, rather than an abrupt transformation from uncivilized static cavemen to dynamic civilized farmers. An account in 14314: 9766: 16988: 16011: 15027: 11463: 10479: 2110: 150: 2516:, but in 2020 remade the course to remove its big history aspects. The University of Queensland has since taken an active stance against big history, with Associate Professor Ian Hesketh being a world-leading critic. By 2011, 50 professors around the world have offered courses. In 2012, one report suggested that Big History was being practiced as a "coherent form of research and teaching" by hundreds of academics from different disciplines. 239: 1924: 88: 47: 616:

human existence." However, one historian disputed that the discipline of history has overlooked the big view, and described the "grand narrative" of Big History as a "cliché that gets thrown around a lot." One account suggested that conventional history had the "sense of grinding the nuts into an ever finer powder." It emphasizes long-term trends and processes rather than history-making individuals or events. Historian

16998: 16021: 11473: 1873: 604: 1690: 1892:, which describes how "circumstances must be right for any type of complexity to form or continue to exist," as emphasized by Spier in his recent book. For humans, bodily temperatures can neither be too hot nor too cold; for life to form on a planet, it can neither have too much nor too little energy from sunlight. Stars require sufficient quantities of 1655:. As such, ordered material systems—from buzzing bees and redwood trees to shining stars and thinking beings—are viewed as temporary, local islands of order in a vast, global sea of disorder. A recent review article, which is especially directed toward big historians, summarizes much of this empirical effort over the past decade. 13783: 9235: 1903:

Christian suggests that complexity arises when these Goldilocks conditions are met, that is, when things are not too hot or cold, not too fast or slow. For example, life began not in solids (molecules are stuck together, preventing the right kinds of associations) or gases (molecules move too fast to

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Cosmic evolution is more than a subjective, qualitative assertion of "one damn thing after another". This inclusive scientific worldview constitutes an objective, quantitative approach toward deciphering much of what comprises organized, material Nature. Its uniform, consistent philosophy of approach

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Cosmic evolution is a quantitative subject, whereas big history typically is not; this is because cosmic evolution is practiced mostly by natural scientists, while big history by social scholars. These two subjects, closely allied and overlapping, benefit from each other; cosmic evolutionists tend to

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and other sacred plants. The common denominator of all indigenous and aboriginal ancestral worldviews is the spiritual and ecological conception that structures their social organizations, which are in harmony and respect with the different forms of life that exist on our planet. In the same way that

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at Dominican University of California. Our program invites you on an immense journey through time, to witness the first moments of our universe, the birth of stars and planets, the formation of life on Earth, the dawn of human consciousness, and the ever-unfolding story of humans as Earth's dominant

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I defined a regime in its most general sense as 'a more or less regular but ultimately unstable pattern that has a certain temporal permanence', a definition which can be applied to human cultures, human and non-human physiology, non-human nature, as well as to organic and inorganic phenomena at all

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This contrasts with the approach used by some big historians who divide the narrative into many more thresholds, as noted in the discussion at the end of this section below. Yet another telling of the Big-Bang-to-humankind story is one that emphasizes the earlier universe, particularly the growth of

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linearly, thus humankind enters their story only at the most very recent times, whereas big historians tend to stress humanity and its many cultural achievements, granting human beings a larger part of their story. People can compare and contrast these different emphases by watching two short movies

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Big History arose from a desire to go beyond the specialized and self-contained fields that emerged in the 20th century. It tries to grasp history as a whole, looking for common themes across multiple time scales in history. Conventional history typically begins with the invention of writing, and is

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In 2008, Christian and his colleagues began developing a course for secondary school students. In 2011, a pilot high school course was taught to 3,000 kids in 50 high schools worldwide. In 2012, there were 87 schools, with 50 in the United States, teaching Big History, with the pilot program set to

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Fred Spier is foremost among those big historians who have found the concept of energy flows useful, suggesting that Big History is the rise and demise of complexity on all scales, from sub-microscopic particles to vast galaxy clusters, and not least many biological and cultural systems in between.

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emerged from the remains of an exploding star and, as a result, humans could use this hard metal to forge weapons for hunting and war. The discipline addresses such questions as "How did we get here?," "How do we decide what to believe?," "How did Earth form?," and "What is life?" According to Fred

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Another criticism of Big History made by associate professor Ian Hesketh, is that it mixes up science disciplines using holistic views that are very close to mythic or religious approaches, without mentioning this in its narrative. Currently, the Big History is a consolidated academic field that is

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Big History, in contrast to conventional history, has more of an interdisciplinary basis. Advocates sometimes view conventional history as "microhistory" or "shallow history", and note that three-quarters of historians specialize in understanding the last 250 years while ignoring the "long march of

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continent enabled human civilizations to advance more quickly than the vertical north–south shape of the American continent, because an east–west continental axis and correspondingly similar climates facilitated the transfer and exchange of animals (as protein, for pulling carts, and other uses),

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We're taking the best evidence from physics and the best evidence from chemistry and biology, and we're weaving it together into a story ... They're not going to learn how to balance equations, but they're going to learn how the chemical elements came out of the death of stars, and that's really

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In 2010, Dominican University of California launched the world's first Big History program to be required of all first-year students, as part of the school's general education track. This program, directed by Mojgan Behmand, includes a one-semester survey of Big History, and an interdisciplinary

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He really blew me away. Here's a guy who's read across the sciences, humanities, and social sciences and brought it together in a single framework. It made me wish that I could have taken big history when I was young, because it would have given me a way to think about all of the school work and

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for humans and modern human society are approximately a million times greater than for stars and galaxies. For example, the Sun emits a vast luminosity, 4x10 erg/s (equivalent to nearly a billion billion billion watt light bulb), but it also has a huge mass, 2x10 g; thus each second an amount of

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Big History is more likely than conventional history to be taught with interactive "video-heavy" websites without textbooks, according to one account. The discipline has benefited from having new ways of presenting themes and concepts in new formats, often supplemented by Internet and computer

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suggested that Big History was less politicized than contemporary history because it enables people to "take a step back." It uses more kinds of evidence than the standard historical written records, such as fossils, tools, household items, pictures, structures, ecological changes and genetic

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Big History makes comparisons based on different time scales and notes similarities and differences between the human, geological, and cosmological scales. David Christian believes such "radical shifts in perspective" will yield "new insights into familiar historical problems, from the

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The Dominican faculty's approach is to synthesize the disparate threads of Big History thought, in order to teach the content, develop critical thinking and writing skills, and prepare students to wrestle with the philosophical implications of the Big History metanarrative. In 2015,

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talk, described some of the basics of the Big History course. Christian describes each stage in the progression towards greater complexity as a "threshold moment" when things become more complex, but they also become more fragile and mobile. Some of Christian's threshold stages are:

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portraying the Big-Bang-to-humankind narrative, one animating time linearly, and the other capturing time (actually look-back time) logarithmically; in the former, humans enter this 14-minute movie in the last second, while in the latter we appear much earlier—yet both are correct.

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energy equaling only 2 ergs passes through each gram of this star. In contrast to any star, more energy flows through each gram of a plant's leaf during photosynthesis, and much more (nearly a million times) rushes through each gram of a human brain while thinking (~20W/1350g).

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quickly. One interesting perspective that arises from Big History is that despite the vast temporal and spatial scales of the history of the Universe, it is actually very small pockets of the cosmos where most of the "history" is happening, due to the nature of complexity.

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sciences, the transdisciplinary methodology seeks to understand the interconnections of the human race with the different levels of reality that co-exist in nature and in the cosmos, and this includes mystical and spiritual experiences, very present in the rituals of

15163: 10615: 447:. Courses generally do not focus on humans until one-third to halfway through, and, unlike conventional history courses, there is not much focus on kingdoms or civilizations or wars or national borders. If conventional history focuses on human civilization with 1541:. Only in the mid-20th century was the cosmic-evolutionary scenario articulated as a research paradigm to include empirical studies of galaxies, stars, planets, and life—in short, an expansive agenda that combines physical, biological, and cultural evolution. 1733:

Christian elaborated that more complex systems are more fragile, and that while collective learning is a powerful force to advance humanity in general, it is not clear that humans are in charge of it, and it is possible in his view for humans to destroy the

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levels of complexity. By defining 'regime' in this way, human cultural regimes thus became a subcategory of regimes in general, and the approach allowed me to look systematically at interactions among different regimes which together produce big history.

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and Eric Chaisson started synthesizing knowledge to form a "science-based history of everything", although each of these scholars emphasized somewhat their own particular specializations in their courses and books. In 1980, the Austrian philosopher

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Sometimes the terms "Deep History" and "Big History" are interchangeable, but sometimes "Deep History" simply refers to history going back several hundred thousand years or more without the other senses of being a movement within history itself.

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These different treatments of time over ~14 billion years, each with different emphases on historical content, are further clarified by noting that some cosmic evolutionists divide the whole narrative into three phases and seven epochs:

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era of stasis before the happy onset of civilization, and the arrival of nifty developments like chariot wheels, gunpowder, and Google. History started with agriculture, nation-states, and written documents. History began in

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to the fundamental nature of change itself." It shows how human existence has been changed by both human-made and natural factors: for example, according to natural processes which happened more than four billion years ago,

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Moseley, Michael E., and Michael J. Hechenberger. “From Village to Empire in South America.” In Chris Scarre, ed., The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies. London: Thames & Hudson, 2005,

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have enabled historians to gain new insights into the early origins of humans, despite the lack of written sources. One account suggested that proponents of Big History were trying to "upend" the conventional practice in

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and featuring David Christian and an assortment of historians, scientists and related experts. Each episode centered on a major Big History topic such as salt, mountains, cold, flight, water, meteors and megastructures.

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Richerson, P., R. Boyd, and R. L. Bettinger. “Was Agriculture Impossible during the Pleistocene but Mandatory during the Holocene? A Climate Change Hypothesis.” American Antiquity 66, no. 3 (July 2001):387–411.

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based on combining numerous disciplines from science and the humanities, and explores human existence in the context of this bigger picture. It integrates studies of the cosmos, Earth, life, and humanity using

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Benjamin, Craig. “Hungry for Han Goods? Zhang Qian and the Origins of the Silk Roads.” In M. Gervers and G. Long, Toronto Studies in Central and Inner Asia, Vol. 8. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007,

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While the emerging field of Big History in its present state is generally seen as having emerged in the past two decades beginning around 1990, there have been numerous precedents going back to the 1500s with

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Bellwood, Peter, and Peter Hiscock. “Australians and Austronesians.” In Chris Scarre, ed., The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies. London: Thames & Hudson, 2005, 264–305.

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Webster, David, and Susan Toby Evans. “Mesoamerican Civilization.” In Chris Scarre, ed., The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies. London: Thames & Hudson, 2005, 594–639.

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Milner, George R., and W. H. Wills. “Complex Societies of North America.” In Chris Scarre, ed., The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies. London: Thames & Hudson, 2005,

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epoch? Click away, my fellow explorer. Curious about the formation of the earth? Jump into the "Earth and Solar System" section to see historian David Christian talk about the birth of our homeworld.

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Coningham, Robin. “South Asia: From Early Villages to Buddhism.” In Chris Scarre, ed., The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies. London: Thames & Hudson, 2005.

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Carneiro, R. L. “A Theory on the Origin of the State.” Science 169 (1970):733–38. Catalhoyuk Research Project, Institute of Archaeology, University College London (2008). www.catalhoyuk.com/.

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use of energy—not too little as to starve a system, yet not too much as to destroy it". Neither maximum energy principles nor minimum entropy states are likely relevant to appreciate the

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turn of history." The Big History narrative has also been challenged for failing to engage with the methodology of the conventional history discipline. According to historian and educator

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and a tendency towards complexification (including human consciousness), while envisaging compatibility between cosmology, evolution, and theology. In the mid and later 20th century,

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for 160 million years until an asteroid impact wiped them out. One report suggested the History channel had won a sponsorship from StanChart to develop a Big History program entitled

1506:→ Sun → Earth → humanity. Cosmic evolution, while fully addressing all complex systems (and not merely those that led to humans) has been taught and researched for decades, mostly by 5286:

Biraben, J. R. “Essai sur l’evolution du nombre des hommes.” Population 34 (1979). The Cambridge Ancient History. 14 Volumes, 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

15158: 10610: 14827: 13880: 13513: 13072: 10279: 9332: 8965: 8524: 2639: 13795: 9247: 1525:, are celebrated for their reasoned claims that all things change. Early modern speculation about cosmic evolution began more than a century ago, including the broad insights of 1518:—a single, inclusive scientific narrative of the origin and evolution of all material things over ~14 billion years, from the origin of the universe to the present day on Earth. 15312: 15288: 15256: 15146: 10764: 10740: 10708: 10598: 5074:

McBrearty, Sally, and Alison S. Brooks. “The Revolution That Wasn't: A New Interpretation of the Origin of Modern Human Behavior.” Journal of Human Evolution 39 (2000):453–563.

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Fernlund, Kevin Jon. "The Great Battle of the Books between the Cultural Evolutionists and the Cultural Relativists: from the Beginning of Infinity to the End of History" in

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was, in itself, an attempt to explain a biological phenomenon by examining longer term cause-and-effect processes. In the first half of the 20th century, secular biologist

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energy in astronomical systems greatly exceeds that of humans, and although the mass densities of stars, planets, bodies, and brains are all comparable, the energy rate

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reading that followed. In particular, it really put the sciences in an interesting historical context and explained how they apply to a lot of contemporary concerns.

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A book by Daniel Lord Smail in 2008 suggested that history was a continuing process of humans learning to self-modify our mental states by using stimulants such as

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For a bit of perspective, why not take a few minutes this fine Friday afternoon and explore the nearly 14 billion year history of the cosmos as we know it? ...

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Based on current knowledge about phenomena such as fossils, ecological changes, genetic analysis, telescope data, in addition to conventional historical data

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in which he collaborated with numerous colleagues from diverse fields in science and the humanities and the social sciences. This course eventually became a

14654: 10106: 13572: 12785: 9024: 8237: 15339: 14866: 14477: 14353: 12555: 10791: 10318: 9929: 9805: 8007: 13918: 9370: 3052: 1502:); some researchers regard cosmic evolution as broader than Big History, since the latter mainly examines the specific historical trek from Big Bang → 13863: 9315: 5221:

Robinson, R. “Ancient DNA Indicates Farmers, Not Just Farming, Spread West.” PLoS Biology 8, no. 11 (2010):e1000535. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000535.

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Christian, David (2012). "Science in the Mirror of "Big History"". In Stamhuis, Ida H.; Koetsier, Teun; De Pater, Cornelis; Van Helden, Albert (eds.).

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Lewis-Williams, D. “Constructing a Cosmos—Architecture, Power, and Domestication at Catalhoyuk.” Journal of Social Archaeology 4, no. 1 (2004):28–59.

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Cosmic evolution website, a multi-media web site with many video/animation interactive features for both introductory learners and technical experts

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There are initiatives to make Big History a required standard course for university students throughout the world. An education project founded by

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second-semester course exploring the Big History metanarrative through the lens of a particular discipline or subject. A course description reads:

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from his personal funds was launched in Australia and the United States, to offer a free online version of the course to high school students.

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One striking finding of such complexity studies is the apparently ranked order among all known material systems in the universe. Although the

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Clossey, Luke. “Merchants, Migrants, Missionaries, and Globalization in the Early-Modern Pacific.” Journal of Global History 1 (2006):41–58.

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project is a way to explore the 14 billion year history of the universe in an interactive website format. It was described in one account:

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Early humans were slump-shouldered, slope-browed, hairy brutes. They hunkered over campfires and ate scorched meat. Sometimes they carried

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carried out an analysis of the parallels between modern physics and Eastern mysticism, the teaching of the Big History in universities of

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on the walls of their caves. That's what I learned during elementary school, anyway. History didn't start with the first humans—they were

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Stars die, creating temperatures hot enough to make complex chemicals, as well as rocks, asteroids, planets, moons, and our solar system.

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species. Explore the inevitable question of what it means to be human and our momentous role in shaping possible futures for our planet.

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Wallerstein, Immanuel. “The Timespace of World-Systems Analysis: A Philosophical Essay.” Historical Geography 23, nos. 1 and 2 (1995).

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ideas and information, as well as structures of human competition that honed and fine-tuned cultural and technological achievements.

809: 15170: 12901: 10622: 8353: 3400:'Big history' is a fresh approach to history that places human history within the wider framework of the history of the universe.... 3273: 1907:

Somewhat in contrast, Chaisson has maintained for well more than a decade that "organizational complexity is mostly governed by the

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In "On Deep History and the Brain," Daniel Lord Smail suggests that human history can be understood as a long, unbroken sequence...

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The roots of the idea of cosmic evolution extend back millennia. Ancient Greek philosophers in the fifth century BCE, most notably

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Taagepera, Rein. “Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 3000 to 600 BC.” Social Science Research 7 (1978):180–96.

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enable favorable associations) but in liquids such as water that permitted the right kinds of interactions at the right speeds.

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which viewed history in terms of what he called "process structures". There was an experimental course taught by John Mears at

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One popular collection of scholarly materials on cosmic evolution is based on teaching and research that has been underway at

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to analyze the parallels between the scientific discoveries and the original knowledge of the native and indigenous peoples.

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relations, and is taught at universities and primary and secondary schools often using web-based interactive presentations.

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research of Javier Collado represents an ecology of knowledge between scientific knowledge and the ancestral wisdom of

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examined the interplay between geography and human evolution; for example, he argued that the horizontal shape of the

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Coevolution in the Big History - a transdisciplinary and biomimetic introduction to the Sustainable Development Goals

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The International Big History Association (IBHA) was founded at the Coldigioco Geological Observatory in Coldigioco,

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Another theme that has been actively discussed recently by the Big History community is the issue of the Big History

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The field continued to evolve from interdisciplinary studies during the mid-20th century, stimulated in part by the

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The "modern revolution", or the vast social, economic, and cultural transformations that brought the world into the

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Co-evolution in Big History - a transdisciplinary and biomimetic introduction to the Sustainable Development Goals

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The Origins of the Modern World: A Global and Ecological Narrative from the Fifteenth to the Twenty-First Century.

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examined daily life with investigations of "large-scale historical forces like geology and climate". Physiologist

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Alexander Star (book reviewer) Daniel Lord Smail (author of 'On Deep History and the Brain') (March 16, 2008).

3154: 2742: 2478: 599:, somewhere around 4000 BC. It began when we finally overcame our savage legacy, and culture surpassed biology. 98: 12399: 7851: 3125: 15722: 15690: 15613: 15419: 14446: 14338: 14212: 13333: 13256: 13210: 11905: 11174: 11142: 11065: 10871: 9898: 9790: 9664: 8785: 8708: 8662: 7357: 6839: 6587: 3275: 3062: 2645: 2619: 2555: 2332: 2005: 802: 682: 15126: 14782: 10578: 10234: 5267:

The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World.

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double in 2013 for students in the ninth and tenth grades, and even in one middle school. The subject is a

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Unlike conventional history, Big History tends to go rapidly through detailed historical eras such as the

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originated the term "evolutionary humanism", while around the same time the French Jesuit paleontologist

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and shows how humankind fits within this framework and places human history in the wider context of the

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Bioethics as a transdisciplinary science of complexity: a coevolutive introduction from the Big History

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Bioethics as a transdisciplinary science of complexity: a coevolutive introduction from the Big History

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has been credited with coining the term "Big History" while teaching one of the first such courses at

265:. Big History resists specialization, and searches for universal patterns or trends. It examines long 16863: 16712: 16592: 16142: 16055: 15929: 15839: 15185: 13537: 13018: 12560: 12389: 12041: 11381: 11291: 10637: 8989: 8470: 8012: 7841: 7493: 6972: 6944: 6777: 6556: 5959: 2051: 1994: 1279: 13928: 9380: 5909: 2546:

Founding members of the International Big History Association gathered at Coldigioco, Italy in 2010.

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examined history from a multidisciplinary perspective. Later, Eric Chaisson explored the subject of

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Brown, Judith K. “Note on the Division of Labor by Sex.” American Anthropologist 72 (1970):1075–76.

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Flute of the Smoking Mirror: A Portrait of Nezahualcoyotl, Poet-King of the Aztecs. Salt Lake City

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Spier it offers a "grand tour of all the major scientific paradigms" and helps students to become

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Fernlund, Kevin J. "To Think Like a Star: The American West, Modern Cosmology, and Big History."

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Remarkable, then, that Egypt has been given short shrift in the current trend for "big history."

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Questioning Collapse: Human Resilience, Ecological Vulnerability, and the Aftermath of Empire.

4386:

Crawford, I.A. (ed.) "Expanding Worldviews: Astrobiology, Big History and Cosmic Perspectives"

3739:

Palmeri, J., "Bringing Cosmos to Culture: Harlow Shapley and the Uses of Cosmic Evolution," in

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Stix, Gary. “Human Origins. Traces of a Distant Past.” Scientific American, July 2008, 56–63.

4732:"Snoqualmie school's freshman STEM exploratory scrapped for expanded math, science offerings" 3130: 2668: 1968: 1723: 753: 749: 621: 15676: 15087: 14623: 11128: 10539: 10075: 5677:

Why the West Rules--for Now: The Patterns of History, and What They Reveal About the Future.

4843:

The View from the Center of the Universe: Discovering Our Extraordinary Place in the Cosmos.

4130: 2562:, United States. Its inaugural gathering in 2012 was described as "big news" in a report in 2512:

previously required all history majors to take an undergraduate big history course entitled

1863:

What will happen in the future and predicting what will be the next threshold in our history

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The World That Trade Created: Society, Culture, and the World Economy: 1400 to the Present

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Mesoamerican Writing Systems: Propaganda, Myth and History in Four Ancient Civilizations.

4746:... a full year of a STEM-based social studies class called "The Big History Project" ... 4644:

Welcome to First Year Experience "Big History" at Dominican University of California. ...

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systems, including galaxies, stars, planets, life, and society. The observed increase of

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Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power.

5079:

The Great Goddess: Reverence of the Divine Feminine from the Paleolithic to the Present.

3414:, 2008, Vol. 33, No. 2, Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining. Published by Maney 1751:, Christian explains Big History in terms of eight thresholds of increasing complexity: 16707: 16685: 16552: 16376: 16347: 16282: 16275: 15979: 15974: 15909: 15792: 15705: 15536: 15212: 14544: 14328: 13393: 13348: 12707: 12663: 12618: 12241: 12187: 12108: 11679: 11609: 11535: 11431: 11426: 11361: 11244: 11157: 10988: 10664: 9996: 9780: 8845: 8800: 8159: 8115: 8070: 7693: 7639: 7560: 7131: 7064: 7044: 6922: 6907: 6892: 6814: 6613: 6577: 6379: 6073: 5994: 4493: 4369: 3471: 3345:

Big History is a history of the universe from its origins to the present and beyond....

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Notable events from the Big Bang to the present day depicted in a spiral layout. Every

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Hodder, I. “Women and Men at Catalhoyuk.” Scientific American 290, no. 1 (2004):76–83.

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vision of history, economics and Science has opened new questions. In this sense, the

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Something New under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World.

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A Green History of the World: The Environment and the Collapse of Great Civilizations

2171: 2139: 1778: 1743: 1495: 670: 462: 440: 427:, unlike conventional history courses which typically begin with the introduction of 105: 2226:, may have stimulated, among other things, an interest in interdisciplinary studies. 16906: 16894: 16722: 16690: 16522: 16391: 16307: 16297: 16212: 15964: 15671: 15494: 15470: 15431: 15011: 14168: 13558: 13417: 13405: 12697: 12657: 12652: 12477: 12364: 12299: 12126: 12121: 12103: 11961: 11762: 11715: 11545: 11540: 11416: 11123: 10946: 10922: 10883: 10463: 9620: 9010: 8869: 8857: 8149: 8109: 8104: 7929: 7816: 7751: 7578: 7573: 7555: 7413: 7214: 7167: 7069: 7018: 6934: 6882: 6658: 6636: 6502: 6399: 6049: 5628:

The Tools of Empire: Technology and European Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century.

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Nazaretyan A.P. 2017. Mega-History and the Twenty-First Century Singularity Puzzle.

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Since the 1990s, other universities began to offer similar courses. In 1994 at the

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The Carbon Age: How Life's Core Element Has Become Civilization's Greatest Threat.

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The Third IBHA Conference was held in University of Amsterdam on 14–17 July 2016.

406:

Based on a variety of documents, including written records and material artifacts

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Shaffer, Lynda. “Southernization.” Journal of World History 5, no. 1 (1994):1–21.

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LePoire D. Potential Economic and Energy Indicators of Inflection in Complexity.

4089: 3703: 3686: 3208: 2732: 2319: 2281: 2176: 2071: 1818: 1617:: particulate → galactic → stellar → planetary → chemical → biological → cultural 1530: 1515: 654: 553: 535: 531: 298: 13490: 8942: 5691:

The Great Divergence: Europe, China, and the Making of the Modern World Economy.

4908:

The Story of Earth: The First 4.5 Billion Years, from Stardust to Living Planet.

4815:

Our Cosmic Origins: From the Big Bang to the Emergence of Life and Intelligence.

4288:. Ed. by B. Rodrigue, L. Grinin, A. Korotayev. Delhi: Primus Books. pp. 370–402. 2444:

By 2002, a dozen college courses on Big History had sprung up around the world.

2205:

explored meaning behind myths and encouraged academics to explore themes beyond

697:, specially by the positivist approach. In approaching the Big History from the 16911: 16901: 16700: 16572: 16542: 16527: 16312: 16270: 16265: 16137: 15770: 15461: 14880: 14508: 14504: 14155: 13773: 13712: 13552: 13023: 12857: 12645: 12633: 12319: 12204: 11880: 11865: 11855: 11757: 11659: 11602: 11555: 11530: 11222: 10913: 10332: 9960: 9956: 9607: 9225: 9164: 9004: 8475: 8309: 8097: 8085: 7771: 7656: 7332: 7317: 7307: 7209: 7111: 6902: 6700: 6688: 6632: 6627: 6621: 6546: 6469: 6394: 6163: 6126: 5291:

Book of the Fourth World: Reading the Native Americas Through Their Literature.

3832: 3597:

reviews of these books: On Deep History and the Brain – By Daniel Lord Smail...

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Children of the Sun: A History of Humanity's Unappeasable Appetite for Energy.

5274:

Women's Work: The First 20,000 Years: Women, Cloth and Society in Early Times.

4718:... Never before have science and history been so integrated and in depth. ... 4412:"Explore 13.7 Billion Years of Cosmic History in Your Browser with ChronoZoom" 4395: 4355: 4300:"The 21st Century Singularity and its Big History Implications: A re-analysis" 3719: 3233: 2900:"Big History: An Organizing Principle for a Compelling Class, Block or School" 17016: 16991: 16941: 16889: 16823: 16795: 16783: 16773: 16763: 16645: 16489: 16415: 16364: 16317: 16232: 16192: 16187: 16182: 16115: 15850: 15802: 15244: 14870: 13033: 12357: 12338: 12282: 12236: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12068: 12063: 11940: 11933: 11597: 11592: 11302: 11254: 10696: 10322: 8485: 7809: 7790: 7734: 7688: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7520: 7515: 7392: 7385: 6819: 6737: 6732: 6683: 6673: 6313: 6193: 6173: 5579:

Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World.

3790: 3645: 3188: 2595: 2343: 2324: 2303: 2285: 2247: 2158: 1987: 1963:

agriculture, although past modifications have been on a lesser scale than in

1841: 1636: 1632: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1480: 712: 662: 638: 483: 471: 243: 1888:

A theme in Big History is what has been termed Goldilocks conditions or the

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China Transformed: Historical Change and the Limits of European Experience.

4316: 4299: 3580: 2984: 2710: 2528: 2255: 2202: 2198: 2034: 2009: 1940: 1928: 1832: 1554: 1511: 1499: 1379: 1108: 972: 686: 642: 634: 511: 432: 391: 386: 27:

Academic discipline which examines history from the Big Bang to the present

5705:

The Unending Frontier: An Environmental History of the Early Modern World.

4966:

Microcosmos: Four Billion Years of Evolution from Our Microbial Ancestors.

4039: 2339:, Texas, and more formal courses at the university level began to appear. 1710:

The universe appears, incredibly hot, busting, expanding, within a second.

223: 16973: 16951: 16858: 16843: 16638: 16618: 16608: 16537: 16494: 16403: 16222: 16124: 15969: 14251: 13893: 13869: 13239: 13227: 13149: 12725: 12538: 12342: 12078: 12026: 12001: 11984: 11560: 11421: 9703: 9345: 9321: 8691: 8679: 8601: 8177: 7990: 7794: 7530: 7478: 7453: 7436: 6597: 6494: 6456: 6439: 6374: 6355: 6268: 6142: 6083: 5534:

Birth of the Modern World, 1780–1914: Global Connections and Comparisons.

5451:

In the Beginning: World History from Human Evolution to the First States.

5296:

Brown, Chip. “The King Herself.” National Geographic, April 2009, 88-111.

5216:

In the Beginning: World History from Human Evolution to the First States.

5101:

In the Beginning: World History from Human Evolution to the First States.

4280:

Panov A.D. 2017. Singularity of Evolution and Post-Singular Development.

2379: 2030: 1936: 1847: 1837: 1806: 1635:'s research efforts to describe the concept of energy flow through open, 1546: 1255: 674: 592: 507: 479: 467: 428: 302: 262: 35: 15141: 10593: 5230:

The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies.

5108:

The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies.

4676: 16868: 16768: 16675: 16650: 16453: 16237: 15807: 14814: 14457: 14027: 12689: 12277: 12031: 11989: 11975: 11843: 11828: 11259: 10266: 9909: 9479: 8141: 7729: 7483: 7441: 7427: 7295: 7280: 6364: 6359: 6254: 6183: 6147: 6104: 5916:

Teaching & Researching Big History: Exploring a New Scholarly Field

5506:

Worrall, Simon. “Made in China.” National Geographic, June 2003, 112ff.

5253:

A History of Their Own: Women in Europe from Prehistory to the Present.

5228:

Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005. * Scarre, Chris, ed.

5189:

The Evolution of Human Societies: From Foraging Group to Agrarian State

4543: 4069:"Using Complexity Science to Search for Unity in the Natural Sciences," 2531: 2421: 2235: 2188: 2114: 2022: 2002:

Expanding Worldviews: Astrobiology, Big History and Cosmic Perspectives

1858: 1558: 1522: 1507: 1047: 698: 693:, emotions, mystical experiences and other dimensions forgotten in the 666: 661:

giving rise to new views and epistemological approaches, especially in

527: 515: 495: 379: 266: 11488: 4286:

The Ways that Big History Works: Cosmos, Life, Society and our Future

3743:, Dick, S.J and Lupsella, M.L. (eds.), NASA SP4802, Washington, 2009. 2692: – Free, online collaborative encyclopedia that documents species 1927:

Big Historians use information based on scientific techniques such as

1007: 30:

This article is about the academic discipline. For the TV series, see

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Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900–1900.

5565:

The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492.

4989:

New York and London: Liveright Publishing (division of Norton), 2012.

3998:"Energy Rate Density as a Complexity Metric and Evolutionary Driver," 2674: 2509: 2260: 2218: 1912: 1823: 1810: 1760: 1735: 1694: 1503: 732: 728: 707: 703: 583: 523: 519: 499: 491: 448: 424: 294: 279: 5466:

Smith, Michael E. "The Aztecs." 2nd ed. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2003.

5164:

Cambridge, UK: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2002.

1631:

Notable among quantitative efforts to describe cosmic evolution are

238: 116:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 16499: 16342: 16252: 16110: 16100: 15409: 14152: 12073: 12021: 10861: 9604: 7525: 7473: 7049: 6887: 6531: 6444: 6035: 5148:

The Neolithic Transition and the Genetics of Populations in Europe.

5048:

Mother Nature: A History of Mothers, Infants and Natural Selection.

4014:"Energy Rate Density. II. Probing Further a New Complexity Metric," 3083: 2375: 2269: 2231: 2059: 1923: 1893: 1756: 1545:

widely articulated the idea of cosmic evolution (often calling it "

736: 724: 611:

satellite gathering data to help scientists understand the Big Bang

587: 575: 452: 420: 363: 327: 258: 228: 5719:

Plows, Plagues, and Petroleum: How Humans Took Control of Climate.

5226:

Plows, Plagues, and Petroleum: How Humans Took Control of Climate.

4173:

Big History: The Big Bang, Life on Earth, and the Rise of Humanity

4075:, Lineweaver, Davies and Ruse (eds.), Cambridge Univ. Press, 2013. 3333: 2405:. Spier looked at structured processes which he termed "regimes": 2388:

Big History: The Big Bang, Life on Earth, and the Rise of Humanity

1896:, sufficiently packed together under tremendous gravity, to cause 1749:

Big History: The Big Bang, Life on Earth, and the Rise of Humanity

1624:

particles, galaxies, and large-scale cosmic structure, such as in

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Physics for Future Presidents: The Science behind the Headlines.

5784:

Visions: How Science Will Revolutionize the Twenty-First Century.

5115:

Economy and Society in Prehistoric Europe: Changing Perspectives.

5020:

The Symbolic Species: The Co-evolution of Language and the Brain.

4894:

Extinction: How Life on Earth Nearly Ended 250 Million Years Ago.

4822:

The Fabric of the Cosmos: Space, Time and the Texture of Reality.

3483:... historical research has become more and more specialized. ... 3173: 2727: 2295: 2153:

were seen as early precursors to the field. In a sense, Darwin's

1979: 1652: 1553:

embraced it in the late 20th century as part of its more limited

1215: 720: 579: 563: 503: 487: 444: 436: 254: 16628: 5786:

Oxford, New York, and Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1998.

5458:

How Writing Came About: Handbook to Life in Ancient Mesopotamia.

5041:

Through a Window: My Thirty Years with the Chimpanzees of Gombe.

4602:. Dominican University of California. 2011-04-12. Archived from 4486: 4282:

From Big Bang to Galactic Civilizations. A Big History Anthology

2640:

Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences

2302:

In the 1970s, scholars in the United States including geologist

1611:: physical evolution → biological evolution → cultural evolution 170: 16936: 16095: 12293: 11870: 11783: 7745: 7322: 7235: 5527:

Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World through Islamic Eyes.

4704:"Coronado School District Explores Online Student Registration" 2551: 2371: 2336: 2277: 2063: 1983: 1975: 1955:

Big History proponents suggest that humans have been affecting

1786: 1423: 1130: 716: 5944: 5929:

Official website for the International Big History Association

5747:

The Lunar Men: Five Friends Whose Curiosity Changed the World.

3201: 2719: – Research strategy that crosses disciplinary boundaries 2276:

but also caused an upsurge of interdisciplinary interest. The

2015: 16946: 16695: 16386: 16334: 12928: 12825: 12686: 11808: 8380: 8277: 8138: 7260: 6484: 6223: 5791:

Astrofuturism: Science, Race, and Visions of Utopia in Space.

5682:

Northrup, David. "Globalization and the Great Convergence."

5281:

Traditions and Encounters: A Global Perspective on the Past.

3963:

From Big Bang to Global Civilization: A Big History Anthology

3386:"Big History: The Emergence of an Interdisciplinary Science?" 2707: – Set of phenomena emerging from pre-existing phenomena 2098: 1877: 1782: 1447: 571: 549: 5889:

The Third Millennium: A History of the World, AD 2000–3000.

5260:

The Human Record: Sources of Global History, Vol. 1 to 1700,

3915:

Cosmos & Culture: Cultural Evolution in a Cosmic Context

3741:

Cosmos & Culture: Cultural Evolution in a Cosmic Context

2638:

of the Center for Big History and System Forecasting of the

1872: 16085: 16071: 11813: 7265: 6418: 6300: 5013:

Climate Change in Prehistory: The End of the Reign of Chaos

2554:, Italy, on 20 August 2010. Its headquarters is located at 1814: 1767: 1702: 1698: 1689: 1550: 758: 586:

wasn't history; the Stone Age was a preamble to history, a

232: 5928: 5402:

A Peaceful Realm: The Rise and Fall of Indus Civilization.

5062:

The Mind in the Cave: Consciousness and the Origin of Art.

3252:"Cosmic Evolution – More Than Big History by Another Name" 3012: 2581:

Some notable academics involved with the concept include:

2420:

Christian's course caught the attention of philanthropist

2401:, college courses were offered. In 1996, Fred Spier wrote 2029:

ChronoZoom splays out the entirety of cosmic history in a

466:

Conventional history often begins with the development of

293:. An all-encompassing study of humanity's relationship to 6318: 5600:

A Big History of North America, from Montezuma to Monroe.

5522:

Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

5191:. 2nd ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000. 5022:

Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1997; New York: Norton, 1998.

4980:

The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution for Our Time.

4123:"David Christian: The history of our world in 18 minutes" 1800: 1443: 690: 14276: 9728: 5735:

2 vols. Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2009.

5635:

Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century: 1914–1991.

5520:

The British Industrial Revolution in Global Perspective.

2954:

Growing Up: The History of Childhood in a Global Context

2537: 1817:

from roughly about 4.2 billion years ago, including the

603: 16040: 15570:

Professionalization and institutionalization of history

11022:

Professionalization and institutionalization of history

5805:

The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology.

5269:

Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2007.

4952:

The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution.

4896:

Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2006.

1722:

Life appears on Earth, with molecules growing from the

308: 305:, and the new field, Big History, continues such work. 5423:

1491: New Revelations of the Americas before Columbus.

5376:

2nd ed. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000.

5027:

The Human Story: A New History of Mankind's Evolution.

4516:"The Origins of Religion, Beginning with the Big Bang" 4487:

Benjamin Strauss and Robert Kopp (November 24, 2012).

3524:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 146. 1884:—being neither too close nor too distant from the Sun. 538:, as well as standard history. One teacher explained: 15862:

Heroic theory of invention and scientific development

11314:

Heroic theory of invention and scientific development

5868:

Pale Blue Dot: A Vision of the Human Future in Space.

5793:

Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.

5179:

Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies.

5155:

First Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies.

4655:

Simon, Richard B., Mojgan Behmand, and Thomas Burke.

4073:

Complexity and the Arrow of Time: What is Complexity?

3635:"So Bill Gates Has This Idea for a History Class ..." 2856:"History That's Written in Beads as Well as in Words" 2390:, with 24 hours of lectures, which appeared in 2008. 14710:

Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe

10162:

Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe

5898:

3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

5847:

The End of Oil: On the Edge of a Perilous New World.

5770:

You Can't Eat GNP: Economics as If Ecology Mattered.

5341:

Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.

5162:

Examining the Language/Farming Dispersal Hypothesis.

4924:

Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005.

4577:. Dominican University of California. Archived from 3240:

from the original on 2021-12-21 – via YouTube.

3202:

Connie Barlow and Michael Dowd (December 13, 2012).

3169:"Crash Course Big History with John Green - YouTube" 2700:

Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

2685:

Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

2671: – Clock designed to keep time for 10,000 years 6799:

Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)

5875:

Earth Democracy: Justice, Sustainability, and Peace

5840:

Our Cosmic Future: Humanity's Fate in the Universe.

5828:

New York: Bantam, 1997. Originally published 1959.

5672:

2nd ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007.

5353:

Tobacco: The Story of How Tobacco Seduced the World

5094:

The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature.

4961:

New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

4859:

London: E. Tyler, for F. Crook and G. Bedell, 1658.

4343: 3721:

Exploring the Universe: Crash Course Big History #2

3467:"For Big History, The Past Begins at the Beginning" 3231: 1781:required for chemically complex objects, including 1738:with the powerful weapons that have been invented. 774: 14670:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 14528: 12310: 10122:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 9980: 7762: 5798:The Great Turning: From Empire to Earth Community. 5777:Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. 5543:Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1997. 5015:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 5006:The Early Upper Paleolithic beyond Western Europe. 4225: 2924: 15328: 10780: 5821:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 5693:Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. 5432:Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1992. 5367:The Way to Wisdom: An Introduction to Philosophy. 5293:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 5150:Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984. 5004:Brantingham, P. J., S. L. Kuhn, and K. W. Kerry. 4880:Oasis in Space: Earth History from the Beginning. 4852:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 4817:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 3610:"'Big History': the annihilation of human agency" 3204:"Failing Our Youth: A Call to Religious Liberals" 2808: 1587: 17014: 5842:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 5728:Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008. 5721:Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005. 5574:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 5503:Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982. 5494:Gender in History: New Perspectives on the Past. 5348:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 5346:Famine and Food Supply in the Greco-Roman World. 5311:A History of Russia, Central Asia, and Mongolia, 5205:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1984. 5117:Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997. 4968:Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986. 4917:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 4875:Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997. 4789:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 3000:-educated maverick historian David Christian,... 548:limited to past events relating directly to the 354:Focus on how humankind fits within the universe 312: 15894: 12137:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought 11346: 7589:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought 5861:Common Wealth: Economics for a Crowded Planet. 5707:Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003. 5125:Becoming Human: Evolution and Human Uniqueness. 5034:Human: The Science behind What Makes Us Unique. 5008:Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004. 4810:Berkeley: University of California Press. 2004. 4347:The 21st Century Singularity and Global Futures 4120: 3499:. University of California Press. p. 441. 566:asserts to be the conventional "history" view: 5418:Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999. 5383:2nd ed. London and New York: Routledge, 2006. 5139: 4350:. World-Systems Evolution and Global Futures. 3890:Cosmic Evolution: Rise of Complexity in Nature 3423: 3047: 2977: 2897: 2853: 2454:Big History: From the Big Bang to the Present. 1726:, with neither too much nor too little energy. 633:Critics of Big History, including sociologist 246:(Ga) is represented in 90 degrees of rotation. 16056: 15718:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church 15588:Western European colonialism and colonization 14137: 11644: 11504: 11170:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church 11040:Western European colonialism and colonization 9589: 7096: 6239: 5960: 5918:, International Big History Association, 2014 5602:Columbia: University of Missouri Press. 2022. 5332:Pathfinders: A Global History of Exploration. 5239:New York: Scientific American Library, 1995. 4808:Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History. 4701: 4444:"History Channel Lands StanChart Sponsorship" 4029:"The Natural Science Underlying Big History," 3883: 3881: 3326:"The Collaborative of Global and Big History" 2825:"Big History" has entered the big leagues ... 1854:, allowing for larger, more complex societies 1799:, which are more chemically complex than the 1729:Humans appear, language, collective learning. 803: 574:. Once in a while they scratched pictures of 415:Big History examines the past using numerous 14048: 9500: 5812:The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning. 5763:Plan B 4.0: Mobilizing to Save Civilization. 5712:Expansion and Global Interaction, 1200–1700. 5663:The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective. 5548:The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History. 5397:Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992. 5251:Anderson, Bonnie S., and Judith P. Zinsser. 5244: 4801:Epic of Evolution: Seven Ages of the Cosmos. 4729: 3959:"Researching and Teaching Cosmic Evolution," 3497:Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History 3220:Historian David Christian ... "big history." 2927:Maps of Time: An Introduction to Big History 2753:Timeline of the evolutionary history of life 1931:to learn more about the origins of humanity. 742: 14151: 9603: 5623:Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2009. 5369:New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003. 5258:Andrea, Alfred J., and James H. Overfield. 5146:Ammerman, A. J., and L. L. Cavalli-Sforza. 5071:New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1984. 4922:Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology. 4470:"'Big History,' a New Series, Debuts on H2" 4388:Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, 3783:Cosmic Dawn: The Origins of Matter and Life 3464: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3373: 2996:Big History, a movement spearheaded by the 2945: 2150:Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation 2016:Presentation by web-based interactive video 1766:The creation of the first complex objects, 628: 75:Learn how and when to remove these messages 16063: 16049: 14144: 14130: 11651: 11637: 11511: 11497: 9596: 9582: 7103: 7089: 6246: 6232: 5967: 5953: 5749:New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002. 5733:Ways of the World: A Brief Global History, 5679:New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011. 5473:Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's Press, 2009. 5203:The Evolution of the Polynesian Chiefdoms. 4803:New York: Columbia University Press, 2006. 4625:"Expanding Minds in an Expanding Universe" 4575:"Dominican Professor Examines Big History" 4513: 4467: 4405: 4403: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4098: 3878: 3855: 3811:Patience dans l'azur: L'evolution cosmique 3569: 3567: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3383: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3320: 3318: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3061:. Vol. 41, no. 3. Archived from 810: 796: 451:at the center, Big History focuses on the 173:. Please do not remove this message until 14773:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 10225:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 5817:McAnany, Patricia A., and Norman Yoffee. 5584:Crutzen, Paul. "The Geology of Mankind." 5381:Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. 5132:Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human. 4971:Smith, Cameron M., and Charles Sullivan. 4681:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 4315: 4297: 4227:"The Future – Big History Project Course" 4170: 3701: 3684: 3664: 3519: 3494: 3123: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3029: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2922: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2713: – Long-term trends in world history 2258:. One account suggested that the notable 2201:, a cultural historian, and the academic 253:is an academic discipline which examines 211:Learn how and when to remove this message 193:Learn how and when to remove this message 132:Learn how and when to remove this message 15992:Historical geographic information system 12758: 11444:Historical geographic information system 8210: 6794:Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA) 5742:2nd ed., Vol. 1. New York: Norton, 2008. 5658:New York: Oxford University Press, 1974. 5630:New York: Oxford University Press, 1981. 5614:Montana: The Magazine of Western History 5511: 5460:Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996. 5407:McNeill, J. R., and William H. McNeill. 5171:Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1974. 3965:, Rodriguez, Grinin, Korotayev, (eds.), 3232:Big History Project (16 December 2013). 2541: 2487: 2211: 2108: 2097: 1935:Advances in particular sciences such as 1922: 1871: 1867: 1836:, about 300,000 years ago, covering the 1688: 1549:") in public venues at mid-century, and 602: 461: 237: 222: 169:Relevant discussion may be found on the 11518: 5887:Stableford, Brian, and David Langford. 5877:. Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 2005. 5550:2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003. 5388:Mesopotamia: The Invention of the City. 5081:Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions, 1999. 4723: 4695: 4674: 4617: 4507: 4480: 4436: 4400: 4095: 3826: 3564: 3447: 3417: 3350: 3315: 3262: 3195: 3104: 3013:"International Big History Association" 2088: 2008:explores links between Big History and 1959:throughout history, by such methods as 486:. It draws on the latest findings from 301:has been pursued by scholars since the 14: 17015: 15632:English historical school of economics 13684:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy 11738: 11084:English historical school of economics 9136:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy 7190: 5934:Big History Site website, multilingual 5501:Europe and the People without History. 5372:Johnson, Allen W., and Timothy Earle. 4915:Earth: Evolution of a Habitable World. 4409: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4150: 4086:Big History and the Future of Humanity 4053:"A unifying concept for astrobiology," 3632: 3124:McPherson, Stephanie M. (2012-10-05). 3026: 2960: 2874: 2830: 2785: 2439: 1476: 16044: 15948: 15893: 15828:Revisionist school of Islamic studies 15667:Historical reliability of the Gospels 15525: 15052: 14125: 14114: 12757: 12500: 12264: 11903: 11737: 11632: 11492: 11400: 11345: 11280:Revisionist school of Islamic studies 11119:Historical reliability of the Gospels 10977: 10504: 9577: 9566: 8209: 7952: 7716: 7355: 7189: 7084: 6227: 5948: 5800:San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2006. 5696:Pomeranz, Kenneth, and Steven Topik. 5318:Human Sacrifice in History and Today. 5279:Bentley, Jerry, and Herbert Zeigler. 5262:4th ed. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, 2008. 4794:A Short History of Nearly Everything. 4600:"General Education (GE) Requirements" 4520:The New York Times Sunday Book Review 4056:International Journal of Astrobiology 3856:Cloud, P.; Kevin, Karen Lisa (1978). 3573: 3280:The New York Times Sunday Book Review 2854:Patricia Cohen (September 26, 2011). 2538:International Big History Association 2238:. Some early efforts were courses in 1651:and thus continues to accumulate net 788: 16997: 16020: 14115: 13645:More Irish than the Irish themselves 11472: 9567: 9097:More Irish than the Irish themselves 5567:Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1972. 5471:Ways of the World: A Global History. 5446:Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998. 5160:Bellwood, Peter, and Colin Renfrew. 5157:Oxford/Malden (MA): Blackwell, 2005. 4975:Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2007. 4468:Genzlinger, Neil (1 November 2013). 3980:"Cosmic Evolution – Intro to Movies" 3574:Doerr, Anthony (November 18, 2007). 3544: 3053:"Recent Developments in Big History" 2898:Tom Vander Ark (December 13, 2012). 2310:, astronomer G. Siegfried Kutter at 2131:(The Return of the Triumphant Beast) 2070:. In 2013 the History channel's new 1915:of complexity in Nature writ large. 1744:The Teaching Company's Great Courses 1432: 1412: 1392: 1368: 1348: 1328: 1308: 1288: 1268: 1244: 1224: 1204: 1184: 1164: 1144: 1117: 1097: 1077: 1057: 777: 362:Taught on interactive platforms at: 309:Comparison with conventional history 143: 81: 40: 14715:Functionalism–intentionalism debate 11904: 10167:Functionalism–intentionalism debate 7356: 5891:London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1985. 5884:Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994. 5700:. 2nd ed. Armonk, ME: Sharpe, 2006. 5283:5th ed. New York: McGrawHill, 2010. 5036:New York: Ecco/HarperCollins, 2008. 4994: 4945:Charles Darwin: The Power of Place. 4929:The Life and Death of Planet Earth. 4920:Tarbuck, E. J., and F. K. Lutgens. 4831:New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. 4702:David Axelson (November 30, 2012). 4538:Christian was also affiliated with 4489:"Rising Seas, Vanishing Coastlines" 4450:. November 15, 2012. Archived from 4253:"Complexity: An Energetics Agenda," 4147: 3189:"Big History: Connecting Knowledge" 3005: 2951: 1741:In the 2008 lecture series through 770: 24: 15728:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II 13672:Fourth Italian War of Independence 11658: 11180:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II 9124:Fourth Italian War of Independence 7110: 6593:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar 5835:New York and London: Norton, 2008. 5765:New York and London: Norton, 2009. 5686:16, no. 3 (September 2005):249–67. 5642:Inventing Human Rights: A History. 5444:Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. 5362:: University of Utah Press, 1983. 5232:London: Thames & Hudson, 2005. 5110:London: Thames & Hudson, 2005. 5064:London: Thames & Hudson, 2002. 4973:The Top Ten Myths about Evolution. 4964:Margulis, Lynn, and Dorion Sagan. 4773: 4629:Dominican University of California 3633:Sorkin, Andrew Ross (2014-09-05). 3522:The Changing Image of the Sciences 2978:Vanessa Thorpe (27 October 2012). 2931:. University of California Press. 2773:Timeline of scientific discoveries 2630:Dominican University of California 2610:University of California, Berkeley 2576: 2450:Dominican University of California 2399:Eindhoven University of Technology 2357: 343:Compartmentalized fields of study 25: 17034: 5903: 5437:Gilgamesh: A New English Version. 5395:Fifteen Poets of the Aztec World. 5374:The Evolution of Human Societies. 4841:Primack, Joel, and Nancy Abrams. 4730:Carol ladwig (December 3, 2012). 4514:Alan Wolfe (September 30, 2011). 4344:Korotayev, Andrey V, ed. (2020). 4201:"Big History Project: The Future" 3917:, NASA SP4802, Washington, 2009. 3424:Joseph Manning (March 19, 2011). 3412:Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 2809:Rev. Michael Dowd (May 8, 2012). 2461:Welcome to First Year Experience 2127:Lo spaccio della besta trionfante 2056:History of the World in Two Hours 1982:, as well as other means such as 637:, have deemed the discipline an " 56:This article has multiple issues. 16996: 16987: 16986: 16019: 16010: 16009: 15526: 15026: 15025: 14867:Palestinian expulsion and flight 13379:5000-year civilization assertion 12955:Nadir of American race relations 11471: 11462: 11461: 10978: 10478: 10477: 10319:Palestinian expulsion and flight 8831:5000-year civilization assertion 8407:Nadir of American race relations 5478:Popular Culture in Ancient Rome. 5313:Vol. 1. Oxford: Blackwell, 2004. 4838:New York: Addison-Wesley, 1988. 4796:New York: Broadway Books, 2003. 3913:Dick, S.J., and Lupsella, M.L., 3576:"Why the past isn't really past" 3465:Emily Eakin (January 12, 2002). 2677: – Concept of geologic time 2093: 1830:The development of our species, 148: 86: 45: 15856:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism 14730:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 14665:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising 14472:Causes of the Armenian genocide 12781:Pyramid construction techniques 12348:Comparative historical research 12265: 11966:Library and information science 11308:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism 10182:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 10117:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising 9924:Causes of the Armenian genocide 8233:Pyramid construction techniques 7800:Comparative historical research 7717: 7418:Library and information science 6475:English and British regnal year 5974: 5849:Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004. 5789:Kilgore, De Witt Douglas. 5529:New York: Public Affairs, 2009. 5320:New York: William Morrow, 1981. 5255:New York: Harper and Row, 1988. 5127:New York: Harcourt Brace, 1998. 5043:Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1990. 4947:Vol. 2. New York: Knopf, 2002. 4787:The Birth of Stars and Planets. 4751: 4668: 4649: 4592: 4567: 4549: 4532: 4461: 4380: 4337: 4324: 4291: 4274: 4269:Social Evolution & History 4261: 4245: 4218: 4193: 4078: 4061: 4045: 4022: 4006: 3990: 3972: 3951: 3927: 3907: 3849: 3820: 3803: 3775: 3753: 3733: 3712: 3695: 3678: 3658: 3626: 3602: 3538: 3513: 3488: 3405: 3244: 3225: 3181: 3161: 3090: 2811:"Big History Hits the Big Time" 2768:Timeline of historic inventions 1952:of relying on written records. 1918: 1647:that still obeys the cherished 64:or discuss these issues on the 15868:Gunpowder and gun transmission 15818:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule 15627:Historical school of economics 15564:Nationalism in the Middle Ages 15002:Gunpowder and gun transmission 14876:Zionism as settler colonialism 13881:Limpieza de sangre controversy 12848:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis 11320:Gunpowder and gun transmission 11270:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule 11079:Historical school of economics 11016:Nationalism in the Middle Ages 10454:Gunpowder and gun transmission 10328:Zionism as settler colonialism 9333:Limpieza de sangre controversy 8300:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis 6253: 5896:A Short History of the Future. 5740:Worlds Together: Worlds Apart. 5726:On Deep History and the Brain. 5656:The Shape of European History. 5355:. New York: Grove Press, 2001. 5327:. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2002. 5187:Johnson, A. W., and T. Earle. 5029:London: Faber and Faber, 2004. 4873:T. Rex and the Crater of Doom. 4663:University of California Press 4121:David Christian (March 2011). 3967:University of California Press 3076: 2916: 2743:Timeline of the early universe 2479:University of California Press 1850:about 11,000 years ago in the 1588:Complexity, energy, thresholds 1056: 13: 1: 15677:Opposition to Papal supremacy 15053: 12865:Indigenous population history 11129:Opposition to Papal supremacy 10505: 8317:Indigenous population history 6588:Old Style and New Style dates 6060:creation of chemical elements 5772:Cambridge, MA: Perseus, 2000. 5754: 5595:New York: Basic Books, 2004. 5480:Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2009. 5237:The Emergence of Agriculture. 4987:The Social Conquest of Earth. 4778: 2778: 2620:Grand Valley State University 2556:Grand Valley State University 2492:Big History is taught at the 2448:initiated Big History at the 2333:Southern Methodist University 2021:technology. For example, the 1775:creation of chemical elements 683:Indigenous peoples in Ecuador 15593:Desacralization of knowledge 13864:Carlism in the Francoist era 13832:Holodomor in modern politics 12501: 11045:Desacralization of knowledge 9316:Carlism in the Francoist era 9284:Holodomor in modern politics 7953: 6540:Pre-Julian / Julian 5814:New York: Basic Books, 2009. 5637:London: Little, Brown, 1994. 5621:Technology: A World History. 5536:Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2004. 5453:New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007. 5218:New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007. 5134:New York: Basic Books, 2009. 5103:New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007. 4959:The Sacred Depths of Nature. 4864: 4824:London: Penguin Books, 2005. 4785:Bally, J., and B. Reipurth. 4708:Coronado Eagle & Journal 4675:Hesketh, Ian (22 May 2023). 4032:The Scientific World Journal 3829:The Self-Organizing Universe 3330:University of Southern Maine 3142:1. Tale the Really Long View 2763:Timeline of human prehistory 2502:University of Southern Maine 2494:University of Southern Maine 2403:The Structure of Big History 2329:The Self-Organizing Universe 2268:during a lunar orbit by the 1770:, about 12 billion years ago 1649:second law of thermodynamics 351:Focus on human civilization 7: 16801:Geological history of Earth 15985:Historiographic metafiction 15949: 15895:Organizations, publications 15684:Proto-orthodox Christianity 14634:German resistance to Nazism 14490:Persian famine of 1917–1919 13900:Islamic revolution of Spain 13827:Holodomor genocide question 13703:Revisionism of Risorgimento 13697:Rerum italicarum scriptores 13678:Historiae Patriae Monumenta 13445:Self-Strengthening Movement 12595:decolonization of knowledge 11437:Historiographic metafiction 11401: 11347:Organizations, publications 11136:Proto-orthodox Christianity 10086:German resistance to Nazism 9942:Persian famine of 1917–1919 9352:Islamic revolution of Spain 9279:Holodomor genocide question 9155:Revisionism of Risorgimento 9149:Rerum italicarum scriptores 9130:Historiae Patriae Monumenta 8897:Self-Strengthening Movement 8047:decolonization of knowledge 6773:Geological history of Earth 6643:Astronomical year numbering 5870:New York: Ballantine, 1994. 5456:Schmandt-Besserat, Denise. 5439:New York: Free Press, 2004. 5337:Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe. 5330:Fernandez-Armesto, Felipe. 5272:Barber, Elizabeth Wayland. 5140:The Agricultural Revolution 4954:New York: Free Press, 2009. 4931:New York: Henry Holt, 2002. 4927:Ward, P., and D. Brownlee. 4901:Earth: An Intimate History. 4834:Morrison, D., and T. Owen. 3234:"Introduction to Cosmology" 2758:Timeline of human evolution 2748:Timeline of natural history 2665: – Group of historians 2656: 2524:course at one high school. 2183:quantitatively in terms of 2074:debuted the 10-part series 1477: 957: 435:, or with the beginning of 401:Focus on analogy, metaphor 398:Focus on trends, processes 346:Interdisciplinary approach 175:conditions to do so are met 112:the claims made and adding 10: 17039: 16153:Orders of magnitude (time) 15782:Wissenschaft des Judentums 15759:Criticism of Protestantism 14639:Nazi foreign policy debate 14070:Second colonial occupation 13817:Soviet famine of 1930–1933 13455:Tibetan sovereignty debate 12999:Progressive-era historians 12434:Nationalization of history 12385:Historical-critical method 11234:Wissenschaft des Judentums 11211:Criticism of Protestantism 10091:Nazi foreign policy debate 9522:Second colonial occupation 9269:Soviet famine of 1930–1933 8907:Tibetan sovereignty debate 8451:Progressive-era historians 7886:Nationalization of history 7837:Historical-critical method 5990:Chronology of the universe 5198:London: Ernest Benn, 1957. 5055:The Dawn of Human Culture. 5011:Burroughs, William James. 4889:Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2005. 4887:Earth: An Evolving System. 4556:San Diego State University 4540:San Diego State University 4390:Vol. 58, Springer (2021) 4298:Korotayev, Andrey (2018). 4127:TED: Ideas worth spreading 3153:: CS1 maint: url-status ( 3058:History of Science Society 2738:Chronology of the universe 2602:, Cambridge, Massachusetts 2222:photo, taken by astronaut 2163:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin 1763:about 14 billion years ago 607:Artist's depiction of the 271:multidisciplinary approach 29: 16982: 16924: 16877: 16864:Time translation symmetry 16809: 16749: 16739: 16661: 16588: 16508: 16449: 16333: 16251: 16161: 16123: 16109: 16078: 16004: 15955: 15944: 15900: 15889: 15838: 15642: 15601: 15532: 15521: 15377: 15063: 15059: 15048: 15020: 14989: 14953: 14847: 14801: 14787:Second Sino-Japanese War 14765: 14695: 14647: 14609: 14569: 14445: 14267: 14186: 14162: 14121: 14110: 14086: 13984: 13951: 13842: 13766: 13723: 13664: 13629: 13601: 13592:Vergangenheitsbewältigung 13536: 13463: 13369: 13297: 13011: 12940: 12873: 12835: 12768: 12764: 12753: 12578: 12511: 12507: 12496: 12273: 12260: 12087: 11954: 11916: 11912: 11899: 11776: 11750: 11746: 11733: 11666: 11628: 11526: 11456: 11407: 11396: 11352: 11341: 11290: 11094: 11053: 10984: 10973: 10829: 10515: 10511: 10500: 10472: 10441: 10405: 10299: 10253: 10239:Second Sino-Japanese War 10217: 10147: 10099: 10061: 10021: 9897: 9719: 9638: 9614: 9573: 9562: 9538: 9436: 9403: 9294: 9218: 9175: 9116: 9081: 9053: 9044:Vergangenheitsbewältigung 8988: 8915: 8821: 8749: 8463: 8392: 8325: 8287: 8220: 8216: 8205: 8030: 7963: 7959: 7948: 7725: 7712: 7539: 7406: 7368: 7364: 7351: 7228: 7202: 7198: 7185: 7118: 7027: 7011: 6995: 6953: 6945:Thermoluminescence dating 6863: 6852: 6840:Samarium–neodymium dating 6807: 6786: 6760: 6751: 6713: 6651: 6606: 6570: 6539: 6530: 6493: 6455: 6334: 6309: 6261: 6202: 6156: 6135: 6023: 5982: 5826:A Canticle for Leibowitz. 5588:415 (January 3, 2002):23. 5546:Bulliet, Richard, et al. 5442:Nemet-Nejat, Karen Rhea. 5404:New York: Westview, 2002. 5245:Traditional Civilizations 5050:New York: Pantheon, 1999. 4561:December 9, 2006, at the 4396:10.1007/978-3-030-70482-7 4356:10.1007/978-3-030-33730-8 4171:Christian, David (2008). 4034:, v. 2014, 41 pp., 2014; 3933:Dick, S. and Strick, J., 3495:Christian, David (2011). 2923:Christian, David (2004). 2683: – television series 2314:in Washington state, and 743:Time scales and questions 665:and the Caribbean, whose 470:in civilizations such as 359:Taught mostly with books 16070: 15542:Crisis of historiography 14705:Auschwitz bombing debate 14391:Indian Rebellion of 1857 14242:Late Bronze Age collapse 14176:List of military museums 13779:Pre-Revolutionary Russia 13751:Polish People's Republic 13586:Sybel-Ficker controversy 12950:African-American history 12923:Colonial Spanish America 12712:Second Thirty Years' War 10994:Crisis of historiography 10157:Auschwitz bombing debate 9843:Indian Rebellion of 1857 9694:Late Bronze Age collapse 9628:List of military museums 9231:Pre-Revolutionary Russia 9203:Polish People's Republic 9038:Sybel-Ficker controversy 8402:African-American history 8375:Colonial Spanish America 8164:Second Thirty Years' War 6659:Chinese sexagenary cycle 5882:Energy in World History. 5863:New York: Penguin, 2008. 5807:New York: Penguin, 2006. 5714:New York: Longman, 2001. 5684:Journal of World History 5651:New York: Norton, 2000. 5616:59 (Summer 2009): 23–44. 5496:Oxford: Blackwell, 2001. 5492:Weisner-Hanks, Merry E. 5276:New York: Norton, 1994. 5096:New York: Penguin, 2003. 4857:The Annals of the World. 4845:New York: Penguin, 2006. 4736:Snoqualmie Valley Record 4678:A History of Big History 4476:– via NYTimes.com. 3939:Rutgers University Press 2632:, San Rafael, California 2506:University of Queensland 1880:is ideally located in a 1761:creation of the Universe 820: 629:Criticism of Big History 16819:Absolute space and time 16470:Astronomical chronology 14655:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 14514:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 14065:Porter–MacKenzie debate 13822:Causes of the Holodomor 13359:Problem of two emperors 13307:Catilinarian conspiracy 12534:Historical significance 12395:Indiscipline of history 12370:Historical anthropology 10107:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 9966:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 9517:Porter–MacKenzie debate 9274:Causes of the Holodomor 8811:Problem of two emperors 8759:Catilinarian conspiracy 7986:Historical significance 7847:Indiscipline of history 7822:Historical anthropology 6873:Amino acid racemisation 6117:Agricultural Revolution 5856:New York: Walker, 2008. 5779:New York: Viking, 2005. 5738:Tignor, Robert, et al. 5644:New York: Norton, 2007. 5560:New York: Norton, 2006. 5416:Atlas of the Year 1000. 5411:New York: Norton, 2003. 5393:Leon-Portilla, Miguel. 5334:New York: Norton, 2007. 5181:New York: Norton, 1997. 4936: 4910:New York: Viking, 2012. 4882:New York: Norton, 1988. 4850:Solar System Evolution. 4175:. Chantilly, Virginia: 4019:, Vol. 17, p. 44, 2011. 4003:, Vol. 16, p. 27, 2011. 3702:Collado-Ruano, Javier. 3685:Collado-Ruano, Javier. 3665:Collado-Ruano, Javier. 3431:The Wall Street Journal 3390:World History Connected 2723:Scale (analytical tool) 2650:Birkbeck College London 2500:Barry Rodrigue, at the 2471:course description 2012 2395:University of Amsterdam 2312:Evergreen State College 2308:University of Minnesota 2165:examined links between 764:scientifically literate 231:expansion according to 34:. For the project, see 32:Big History (TV series) 16869:Time reversal symmetry 16173:Italian six-hour clock 15749:Protestant Reformation 15723:Second Vatican Council 15701:Succession to Muhammad 15696:Criticism of the Quran 15447:Religious perspectives 15181:Klemens von Metternich 14778:"Battle for Australia" 14660:Soviet offensive plans 14629:Broad vs. narrow front 14468:Late Ottoman genocides 13401:Century of humiliation 13182:Goguryeo controversies 13160:2,500-year celebration 12818:Double genocide theory 12605:Historical negationism 12429:Ancestral civilisation 12417:Historical materialism 12375:Historical determinism 12325:History of mentalities 11201:Protestant Reformation 11175:Second Vatican Council 11153:Succession to Muhammad 11148:Criticism of the Quran 10899:Religious perspectives 10633:Klemens von Metternich 10230:"Battle for Australia" 10112:Soviet offensive plans 10081:Broad vs. narrow front 9920:Late Ottoman genocides 8853:Century of humiliation 8634:Goguryeo controversies 8612:2,500-year celebration 8270:Double genocide theory 8057:Historical negationism 7881:Ancestral civilisation 7869:Historical materialism 7827:Historical determinism 7777:History of mentalities 6878:Archaeomagnetic dating 6390:Era of Caesar (Iberia) 5607:Journal of Big History 5425:New York: Knopf, 2006. 5390:London: Penguin, 2001. 5057:New York: Wiley, 2002. 5046:Hardy, Sarah Blaffer. 5032:Gazzaniga, Michael S. 4982:New York: Knopf, 1994. 4903:New York: Knopf, 2004. 4631:. 2012. Archived from 4317:10.22339/jbh.v2i3.2320 4304:Journal of Big History 4058:, Vol. 2, p. 91, 2003. 3858:Cosmos, Earth, and Man 3765:, Random House, 1980, 3332:. 2012. Archived from 2547: 2497: 2474: 2437: 2418: 2291:Guns, Germs, and Steel 2274:environmental movement 2227: 2135:Alexander von Humboldt 2117: 2106: 2103:Alexander von Humboldt 2062:effectively dominated 2048: 1932: 1885: 1706: 1535:Charles Sanders Peirce 853:−10 — 843:−11 — 833:−12 — 823:−13 — 612: 601: 545: 475: 247: 235: 16634:Time and fate deities 16579:The Unreality of Time 16518:A series and B series 15873:Torsion mangonel myth 15776:Modern Jewish history 15771:Jesuit historiography 15764:Protestant work ethic 15744:Hesychast controversy 15609:Industrial Revolution 15559:Library of Alexandria 15477:The Lord of the Rings 15127:Constantine the Great 15007:Torsion mangonel myth 14939:Sri Lankan Civil War 14018:Storm over the gentry 13919:Colonies or Provinces 13450:Sprouts of capitalism 12524:Historic preservation 12519:Change and continuity 11325:Torsion mangonel myth 11228:Modern Jewish history 11223:Jesuit historiography 11216:Protestant work ethic 11196:Hesychast controversy 11061:Industrial Revolution 11011:Library of Alexandria 10929:The Lord of the Rings 10579:Constantine the Great 10459:Torsion mangonel myth 10391:Sri Lankan Civil War 9470:Storm over the gentry 9371:Colonies or Provinces 8902:Sprouts of capitalism 7976:Historic preservation 7971:Change and continuity 6778:Geological time units 5598:Fernlund, Kevin Jon. 5512:The Modern Revolution 5339:The World: A History. 5323:D’Altroy, Terence N. 4836:The Planetary System. 3614:www.spiked-online.com 3426:"Beyond the Pharaohs" 3131:Boston Globe Magazine 3098:"Big History Project" 2669:Clock of the Long Now 2622:, Allendale, Michigan 2545: 2491: 2459: 2426: 2407: 2215: 2187:, and the astronomer 2125:'s works, especially 2112: 2101: 2027: 1969:Industrial Revolution 1926: 1875: 1868:Goldilocks conditions 1724:Goldilocks conditions 1692: 1584:since the mid-1970s. 998:Accelerated expansion 943:−1 — 933:−2 — 923:−3 — 913:−4 — 903:−5 — 893:−6 — 883:−7 — 873:−8 — 863:−9 — 754:environmental history 750:nature/nurture debate 622:University of Chicago 606: 568: 540: 465: 439:. It explores common 316:Conventional history 241: 226: 16885:Chronological dating 16854:Theory of relativity 16198:Daylight saving time 15960:Commemorative plaque 15176:Juan Manuel de Rosas 14624:"Blitzkrieg" concept 14495:Powder keg of Europe 14370:Franco-Prussian War 14040:Winter of Discontent 14023:Suffragette Campaign 13690:Italiani brava gente 13656:Revolutionary period 13478:Frankish Interregnum 13411:"Chineseness" debate 13344:Byzantine succession 13329:Fall of Western Rome 13270:Executed Renaissance 12759:By country or region 12703:Age of Enlightenment 12677:Vaticinium ex eventu 12624:Modernisation theory 12458:Quantitative history 11834:Historical documents 11412:Commemorative plaque 10628:Juan Manuel de Rosas 10076:"Blitzkrieg" concept 9947:Powder keg of Europe 9822:Franco-Prussian War 9492:Winter of Discontent 9475:Suffragette Campaign 9142:Italiani brava gente 9108:Revolutionary period 8930:Frankish Interregnum 8863:"Chineseness" debate 8796:Byzantine succession 8781:Fall of Western Rome 8722:Executed Renaissance 8211:By country or region 8155:Age of Enlightenment 8129:Vaticinium ex eventu 8076:Modernisation theory 7910:Quantitative history 7286:Historical documents 6830:Law of superposition 6825:Isotope geochemistry 6169:Cynthia Stokes Brown 6074:formation of planets 6010:Goldilocks principle 5831:Mueller, Richard A. 5724:Smail, Daniel Lord. 5654:McNeill, William H. 5626:Headrick, Daniel R. 5581:London: Verso, 2001. 5289:Brotherson, Gordon. 5194:Kenyon, Kathleen M. 5018:Deacon, Terrence W. 4957:Goodenough, Ursula. 4829:Stardust to Planets. 4658:Teaching Big History 4258:, v. 9, p. 14, 2004. 4177:The Teaching Company 4142:(18 minute TED talk) 3827:Jantsch, E. (1980). 3256:www.sociostudies.org 3084:"Big History School" 2690:Encyclopedia of Life 2626:Cynthia Stokes Brown 2590:Macquarie University 2483:Teaching Big History 2446:Cynthia Stokes Brown 2368:Macquarie University 2089:History of the field 1945:evolutionary ecology 1890:Goldilocks principle 1882:Goldilocks condition 1793:formation of planets 1216:NGC 188 star cluster 731:is nourished by the 651:evolutionary biology 376:Macquarie University 324:5000 BCE to present 291:Macquarie University 16178:Thai six-hour clock 15789:Schools of thought 15754:Proto-Protestantism 15623:School of Thoughts 15505:William Shakespeare 15490:Robert Falcon Scott 15395:Friedrich Nietzsche 15233:Cult of personality 15218:Neville Chamberlain 15078:Alexander the Great 14960:Russo-Georgian War 14933:Sovereignty dispute 14912:Iranian Revolution 14742:"Polish death camp" 14719:In relation to the 14428:Myth of English aid 14419:War of the Pacific 14196:Albigensian Crusade 13621:Indigenous Aryanism 13317:Constantinian shift 12853:Residential schools 12610:Historian's fallacy 12529:Historic recurrence 12027:Numismatics (Money) 11799:Archaeological site 11723:theories of history 11520:Theories of history 11241:Schools of thought 11206:Proto-Protestantism 11075:School of Thoughts 10957:William Shakespeare 10942:Robert Falcon Scott 10847:Friedrich Nietzsche 10685:Cult of personality 10670:Neville Chamberlain 10530:Alexander the Great 10412:Russo-Georgian War 10385:Sovereignty dispute 10364:Iranian Revolution 10194:"Polish death camp" 10171:In relation to the 9880:Myth of English aid 9871:War of the Pacific 9648:Albigensian Crusade 9073:Indigenous Aryanism 8769:Constantinian shift 8305:Residential schools 8062:Historian's fallacy 7981:Historic recurrence 7479:Numismatics (Money) 7251:Archaeological site 7175:theories of history 6963:Fluorine absorption 6940:Luminescence dating 6835:Luminescence dating 6743:Milankovitch cycles 6583:Proleptic Gregorian 6415:Hindu units of time 6143:Big History Project 6136:Web-based education 5983:Themes and subjects 5731:Strayer, Robert W. 5717:Ruddiman, William. 5689:Pomeranz, Kenneth. 5435:Mitchell, Stephen. 5224:Ruddiman, William. 5196:Digging up Jericho. 5130:Wrangham, Richard. 5106:Scarre, Chris, ed. 5060:Lewis-Williams, D. 4813:Delsemme, Armande. 4232:Big History Project 4205:Big History Project 4040:10.1155/2014/384912 3984:www.cfa.harvard.edu 3935:The Living Universe 3895:Harvard Univ. Press 3384:Fred Spier (2008). 2717:Transdisciplinarity 2592:, Sydney, Australia 2565:The Huffington Post 2560:Allendale, Michigan 2440:Educational courses 2434:Bill Gates, in 2012 2185:energy rate density 2155:theory of evolution 1641:energy rate density 1340:Sexual reproduction 1280:Earliest known life 647:Stanford University 372:Big History Project 338:13.8 billion years 335:7,000–10,000 years 162:of this article is 36:Big History Project 16708:Rosy retrospection 16686:Mental chronometry 16510:Philosophy of time 15980:Historical realism 15975:Historical fiction 15920:History institutes 15910:Historical society 15905:Heritage registers 15793:Biblical criticism 15706:Islamic golden age 15657:Early Christianity 15537:Bears in antiquity 15425:Medieval Christian 15223:Pedro II of Brazil 15171:José de San Martín 14975:Syrian revolution 14887:Malayan Emergency 14862:1948 Palestine war 14595:Spanish Civil War 14545:War guilt question 14354:American Civil War 14334:Invasion of Russia 14310:New Russian School 14094:Colonial Australia 13810:October Revolution 13573:Strukturgeschichte 13509:Location of Alésia 13428:Hua–Yi distinction 13349:Moscow, third Rome 12965:Reconstruction era 12786:Black Egypt Thesis 12708:European Civil War 12664:Translatio imperii 12619:Invented tradition 11740:Historical sources 11610:List of historians 11432:Historical realism 11427:Historical fiction 11372:History institutes 11362:Historical society 11357:Heritage registers 11245:Biblical criticism 11158:Islamic golden age 11109:Early Christianity 10989:Bears in antiquity 10877:Medieval Christian 10675:Pedro II of Brazil 10623:José de San Martín 10427:Syrian revolution 10339:Malayan Emergency 10314:1948 Palestine war 10047:Spanish Civil War 9997:War guilt question 9806:American Civil War 9786:Invasion of Russia 9762:New Russian School 9546:Colonial Australia 9262:October Revolution 9025:Strukturgeschichte 8961:Location of Alésia 8880:Hua–Yi distinction 8801:Moscow, third Rome 8417:Reconstruction era 8238:Black Egypt Thesis 8160:European Civil War 8116:Translatio imperii 8071:Invented tradition 7192:Historical sources 7065:Terminus post quem 7045:Synchronoptic view 7012:Linguistic methods 6973:Obsidian hydration 6908:Radiometric dating 6893:Incremental dating 6815:Chronostratigraphy 5910:ChronoZoom website 5859:Sachs, Jeffrey D. 5824:Miller, Walter M. 5768:Davidson, Eric A. 5665:Paris: OECD, 2001. 5619:Headrick, Daniel. 5570:Crosby, Alfred W. 5563:Crosby, Alfred W. 5556:Crosby, Alfred W. 5539:Bin Wong, Robert. 5400:McIntosh, Jane R. 5386:Leick, Gwendolyn. 5358:Gillmor, Frances. 5309:Christian, David. 5265:Anthony, David W. 5201:Kitch, Patrick V. 5169:The Ascent of Man. 5167:Bronowski, Jacob. 5113:Sherratt, Andrew. 4985:Wilson, Edward O. 4978:Weiner, Jonathan. 4950:Dawkins, Richard. 4892:Erwin, Douglas H. 4806:Christian, David. 4494:The New York Times 4474:The New York Times 4448:Asia Media Journal 3638:The New York Times 3472:The New York Times 3307:has generic name ( 2952:Stearns, Peter N. 2861:The New York Times 2600:Harvard University 2548: 2498: 2316:Harvard University 2244:Harvard University 2228: 2207:organized religion 2118: 2107: 1933: 1886: 1846:The appearance of 1707: 1681:, in an 18-minute 1645:expanding universe 1626:physical cosmology 1582:Harvard University 1539:Lawrence Henderson 1404:Cambrian explosion 1320:Atmospheric oxygen 1019:Single-celled life 695:history of science 618:Dipesh Chakrabarty 613: 562:describes what it 476: 457:universe's history 276:empirical evidence 248: 236: 97:possibly contains 17010: 17009: 16920: 16919: 16895:Circadian rhythms 16713:Tense–aspect–mood 16568:Temporal finitism 16445: 16444: 16421:Grandfather clock 16038: 16037: 16034: 16033: 16000: 15999: 15940: 15939: 15885: 15884: 15881: 15880: 15798:Catholic theology 15652:Avestan geography 15517: 15516: 15513: 15512: 15500:Søren Kierkegaard 15373: 15372: 15284:Warren G. Harding 15044: 15043: 15040: 15039: 14843: 14842: 14721:Armenian genocide 14584:Polish–Soviet War 14579:Burning of Smyrna 14565: 14564: 14555:Reichstag inquiry 14478:Patriotic consent 14349: 14348: 14324:War in the Vendée 14288:French Revolution 14270:century conflicts 14259:Peloponnesian War 14220:Eighty Years' War 14106: 14105: 14102: 14101: 14082: 14081: 14078: 14077: 14011:Westminster Stone 13708:Southern question 13547:Alltagsgeschichte 13497:Legendary Saracen 13199:Early settlements 13007: 13006: 12987:Political history 12972:Consensus history 12749: 12748: 12745: 12744: 12741: 12740: 12731:Continuity thesis 12670:Translatio studii 12556:Theory of history 12492: 12491: 12488: 12487: 12446:Subaltern Studies 12331:Nouvelle histoire 12256: 12255: 12252: 12251: 12168:Medieval churches 12155:Geistesgeschichte 12099:Paleoanthropology 12007:Encyclopaedistics 11895: 11894: 11891: 11890: 11763:Secondary sources 11486: 11485: 11452: 11451: 11392: 11391: 11337: 11336: 11333: 11332: 11250:Catholic theology 11104:Avestan geography 10969: 10968: 10965: 10964: 10952:Søren Kierkegaard 10825: 10824: 10736:Warren G. Harding 10496: 10495: 10492: 10491: 10295: 10294: 10173:Armenian genocide 10036:Polish–Soviet War 10031:Burning of Smyrna 10017: 10016: 10007:Reichstag inquiry 9930:Patriotic consent 9801: 9800: 9776:War in the Vendée 9740:French Revolution 9722:century conflicts 9711:Peloponnesian War 9672:Eighty Years' War 9558: 9557: 9554: 9553: 9534: 9533: 9530: 9529: 9463:Westminster Stone 9160:Southern question 8999:Alltagsgeschichte 8949:Legendary Saracen 8651:Early settlements 8459: 8458: 8439:Political history 8424:Consensus history 8201: 8200: 8197: 8196: 8193: 8192: 8183:Continuity thesis 8122:Translatio studii 8008:Theory of history 7944: 7943: 7940: 7939: 7898:Subaltern Studies 7783:Nouvelle histoire 7708: 7707: 7704: 7703: 7620:Medieval churches 7607:Geistesgeschichte 7551:Paleoanthropology 7459:Encyclopaedistics 7347: 7346: 7343: 7342: 7215:Secondary sources 7078: 7077: 6991: 6990: 6848: 6847: 6709: 6708: 6664:Geologic Calendar 6526: 6525: 6221: 6220: 6096:- development of 6088:evolution of life 6050:creation of stars 5838:Prantzos, Nikos. 5810:Lovelock, James. 5761:Brown, Lester R. 5710:Ringrose, David. 5661:Maddison, Angus. 5591:Ferguson, Niall. 5518:Allen, Robert C. 5469:Strayer, Robert. 5449:Ristvet, Lauren. 5421:Mann, Charles C. 5235:Smith, Bruce D. 5214:Ristvet, Lauren. 5153:Bellwood, Peter. 5123:Tattersall, Ian. 5099:Ristvet, Lauren. 4906:Hazen, Robert M. 4871:Alvarez, Walter. 4763:www.geosc.psu.edu 4454:on 2 April 2013. 4365:978-3-030-33729-2 4334:3 (2013): 108–18. 3969:, Berkeley, 2013. 3923:978-0-16-083119-5 3815:Éditions du Seuil 3749:978-0-16-083119-5 3545:Kannberg, Henry. 2705:Integrative level 2681:Deep Time History 2252:Universal History 2172:The Ascent of Man 1719:Earth is created. 1595:universal history 1496:epic of evolution 1489: 1488: 1481:billion years ago 1455: 1454: 1431: 1430: 1411: 1410: 1391: 1390: 1367: 1366: 1347: 1346: 1327: 1326: 1307: 1306: 1287: 1286: 1267: 1266: 1243: 1242: 1223: 1222: 1203: 1202: 1196:Milky Way spirals 1183: 1182: 1163: 1162: 1143: 1142: 1116: 1115: 1096: 1095: 1076: 1075: 1069:Earliest Universe 671:transdisciplinary 413: 412: 227:A diagram of the 221: 220: 213: 203: 202: 195: 142: 141: 134: 99:original research 79: 16:(Redirected from 17030: 17000: 16999: 16990: 16989: 16907:Glottochronology 16747: 16746: 16663:Human experience 16523:B-theory of time 16121: 16120: 16065: 16058: 16051: 16042: 16041: 16023: 16022: 16013: 16012: 15965:Documentary film 15946: 15945: 15925:History journals 15891: 15890: 15864: 15736: 15672:Primacy of Peter 15619:Great Depression 15599: 15598: 15572: 15550: 15523: 15522: 15471:J. R. R. Tolkien 15326: 15325: 15321: 15309: 15297: 15279:Ulysses S. Grant 15274:Thomas Jefferson 15265: 15241: 15204: 15167: 15155: 15123: 15111: 15103:Chiang Ching-kuo 15093:Cato the Younger 15083:Amin al-Husseini 15061: 15060: 15050: 15049: 15029: 15028: 15012:War and genocide 14836: 14822:Résistancialisme 14809:Battle of France 14791:Nanjing Massacre 14645: 14644: 14526: 14525: 14522: 14486: 14436: 14318: 14301: 14274: 14273: 14201:Catharism debate 14187:pre-18th century 14169:Military history 14146: 14139: 14132: 14123: 14122: 14116:By war, conflict 14112: 14111: 14060:Cambridge School 14046: 14045: 13944: 13932: 13908: 13889: 13799: 13787: 13759: 13581: 13559:Historikerstreit 13529: 13517: 13505: 13486: 13472:Cordon sanitaire 13418:New Qing History 13406:Conquest dynasty 13397: 13312:Christianization 13295: 13294: 13214: 13127: 13115: 13103: 13081: 13069: 13061:Byzantine Empire 12916:Iquicha Royalism 12905: 12871: 12870: 12794: 12766: 12765: 12755: 12754: 12698:Age of Discovery 12687:Periodization of 12684: 12683: 12658:Transhistoricity 12653:Thirty-year rule 12564: 12552: 12509: 12508: 12498: 12497: 12478:Great Man theory 12441:People's history 12403: 12308: 12307: 12300:Three-age system 12262: 12261: 11962:Archival science 11914: 11913: 11901: 11900: 11768:Tertiary sources 11748: 11747: 11735: 11734: 11684:by area of study 11653: 11646: 11639: 11630: 11629: 11513: 11506: 11499: 11490: 11489: 11475: 11474: 11465: 11464: 11417:Documentary film 11398: 11397: 11377:History journals 11343: 11342: 11316: 11188: 11124:Primacy of Peter 11071:Great Depression 11051: 11050: 11024: 11002: 10975: 10974: 10923:J. R. R. Tolkien 10778: 10777: 10773: 10761: 10749: 10731:Ulysses S. Grant 10726:Thomas Jefferson 10717: 10693: 10656: 10619: 10607: 10575: 10563: 10555:Chiang Ching-kuo 10545:Cato the Younger 10535:Amin al-Husseini 10513: 10512: 10502: 10501: 10481: 10480: 10464:War and genocide 10288: 10274:Résistancialisme 10261:Battle of France 10243:Nanjing Massacre 10097: 10096: 9978: 9977: 9974: 9938: 9888: 9770: 9753: 9726: 9725: 9653:Catharism debate 9639:pre-18th century 9621:Military history 9598: 9591: 9584: 9575: 9574: 9568:By war, conflict 9564: 9563: 9512:Cambridge School 9498: 9497: 9396: 9384: 9360: 9341: 9251: 9239: 9211: 9033: 9011:Historikerstreit 8981: 8969: 8957: 8938: 8924:Cordon sanitaire 8870:New Qing History 8858:Conquest dynasty 8849: 8764:Christianization 8747: 8746: 8666: 8579: 8567: 8555: 8533: 8521: 8513:Byzantine Empire 8368:Iquicha Royalism 8357: 8323: 8322: 8246: 8218: 8217: 8207: 8206: 8150:Age of Discovery 8139:Periodization of 8136: 8135: 8110:Transhistoricity 8105:Thirty-year rule 8016: 8004: 7961: 7960: 7950: 7949: 7930:Great Man theory 7893:People's history 7855: 7760: 7759: 7752:Three-age system 7714: 7713: 7414:Archival science 7366: 7365: 7353: 7352: 7220:Tertiary sources 7200: 7199: 7187: 7186: 7136:by area of study 7105: 7098: 7091: 7082: 7081: 7070:ASPRO chronology 7019:Glottochronology 6935:Tephrochronology 6883:Dendrochronology 6861: 6860: 6758: 6757: 6557:Proleptic Julian 6547:Pre-Julian Roman 6537: 6536: 6332: 6331: 6248: 6241: 6234: 6225: 6224: 6024:Eight thresholds 5995:Cosmic evolution 5969: 5962: 5955: 5946: 5945: 5873:Shiva, Vandana. 5803:Kurzweill, Ray. 5775:Diamond, Jared. 5703:Richards, John. 5633:Hobsbawm, Eric. 5344:Garnsey, Peter. 5177:Diamond, Jared. 5092:Pinker, Steven. 5053:Klein, Richard. 4995:Human Prehistory 4799:Chaisson, Eric. 4767: 4766: 4755: 4749: 4748: 4743: 4742: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4715: 4714: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4672: 4666: 4653: 4647: 4646: 4641: 4640: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4611: 4596: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4571: 4565: 4553: 4547: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4501: 4484: 4478: 4477: 4465: 4459: 4458: 4440: 4434: 4433: 4428: 4427: 4418:. Archived from 4407: 4398: 4384: 4378: 4377: 4341: 4335: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4295: 4289: 4278: 4272: 4265: 4259: 4251:Chaisson, E.J., 4249: 4243: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4229: 4222: 4216: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4197: 4191: 4190: 4168: 4145: 4144: 4139: 4138: 4129:. Archived from 4118: 4093: 4082: 4076: 4067:Chaisson, E.J., 4065: 4059: 4051:Chaisson, E.J., 4049: 4043: 4026: 4020: 4010: 4004: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3976: 3970: 3955: 3949: 3931: 3925: 3911: 3905: 3887:Chaisson, E.J., 3885: 3876: 3875: 3862:Yale Univ. Press 3853: 3847: 3846: 3824: 3818: 3807: 3801: 3787:Atlantic Monthly 3779: 3773: 3757: 3751: 3737: 3731: 3730: 3729: 3728: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3682: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3652: 3630: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3620: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3593: 3584:. Archived from 3571: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3480: 3479: 3462: 3445: 3444: 3439: 3438: 3421: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3397: 3396: 3381: 3348: 3347: 3342: 3341: 3322: 3313: 3312: 3306: 3302: 3300: 3292: 3287: 3286: 3271: 3260: 3259: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3217: 3216: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3152: 3144: 3139: 3138: 3121: 3102: 3101: 3094: 3088: 3087: 3080: 3074: 3073: 3071: 3070: 3045: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3009: 3003: 3002: 2993: 2992: 2975: 2958: 2957: 2949: 2943: 2942: 2930: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2911: 2910: 2895: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2868: 2851: 2828: 2827: 2822: 2821: 2806: 2701: 2696:Hierarchy theory 2686: 2642:, Moscow, Russia 2636:Andrey Korotayev 2472: 2452:, and she wrote 2435: 2416: 2415:Fred Spier, 2008 2386:course entitled 2384:Teaching Company 2362:One exponent is 2318:astrophysicists 2264:photo, taken by 2240:Cosmic Evolution 2216:The famous 1968 2181:cosmic evolution 2167:cosmic evolution 2145:Robert Chambers' 2058:. It showed how 2054:showed the film 2046: 1492:Cosmic evolution 1469: 1438: 1433: 1424:Earliest mammals 1418: 1413: 1398: 1393: 1380:Earliest animals 1374: 1369: 1354: 1349: 1334: 1329: 1314: 1309: 1294: 1289: 1274: 1269: 1250: 1245: 1230: 1225: 1210: 1205: 1190: 1185: 1176:Andromeda Galaxy 1170: 1165: 1150: 1145: 1137: 1123: 1118: 1103: 1098: 1083: 1078: 1063: 1058: 1050: 1010: 999: 988: 985:Matter-dominated 975: 964: 954: 949: 944: 939: 934: 929: 924: 919: 914: 909: 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 859: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 812: 805: 798: 792: 782: 775: 771:Cosmic evolution 597:Fertile Crescent 559:The Boston Globe 313: 280:cause-and-effect 216: 209: 198: 191: 187: 184: 178: 152: 151: 144: 137: 130: 126: 123: 117: 114:inline citations 90: 89: 82: 71: 49: 48: 41: 21: 17038: 17037: 17033: 17032: 17031: 17029: 17028: 17027: 17013: 17012: 17011: 17006: 16978: 16969:Time immemorial 16916: 16873: 16834:Coordinate time 16805: 16759:Geological time 16735: 16718:Time management 16681:Generation time 16665: 16657: 16602: 16584: 16504: 16463: 16441: 16329: 16247: 16164: 16157: 16113: 16105: 16074: 16069: 16039: 16030: 16029: 15996: 15951: 15936: 15896: 15877: 15860: 15843: 15834: 15730: 15638: 15614:Great Recession 15597: 15568: 15544: 15528: 15509: 15400:H. P. Lovecraft 15369: 15331: 15324: 15315: 15303: 15291: 15259: 15235: 15208:Muammar Gaddafi 15198: 15186:Leonid Brezhnev 15161: 15149: 15132:Gregory Palamas 15117: 15115:Chiang Kai Shek 15105: 15065: 15055: 15036: 15035: 15016: 14997:Conflict thesis 14985: 14949: 14839: 14830: 14797: 14761: 14691: 14643: 14605: 14571:Interwar period 14561: 14531: 14524: 14516: 14500:Schlieffen Plan 14480: 14441: 14430: 14345: 14312: 14295: 14280: 14269: 14263: 14247:Dorian invasion 14232:Fall of Babylon 14188: 14182: 14181: 14158: 14150: 14117: 14098: 14074: 14051: 14044: 14006:Kingdom of Alba 13987: 13980: 13947: 13938: 13926: 13924:Spanish decline 13902: 13883: 13838: 13793: 13781: 13762: 13753: 13719: 13660: 13625: 13611:Greater Magadha 13597: 13575: 13532: 13523: 13511: 13499: 13480: 13459: 13433:Four Barbarians 13391: 13365: 13293: 13250:Götaland theory 13218:Lusotropicalism 13208: 13189:North Macedonia 13121: 13109: 13097: 13075: 13063: 13003: 12982:Frontier thesis 12977:Cyclical theory 12960:Neoabolitionism 12936: 12899: 12869: 12831: 12808:Greater Morocco 12788: 12760: 12737: 12688: 12682: 12574: 12558: 12546: 12503: 12484: 12397: 12312: 12306: 12288:Historical eras 12269: 12248: 12083: 11980:Writing systems 11950: 11908: 11906:Fields of study 11887: 11881:Service records 11866:Religious texts 11772: 11758:Primary sources 11742: 11729: 11728: 11662: 11657: 11624: 11522: 11517: 11487: 11482: 11481: 11448: 11403: 11388: 11348: 11329: 11312: 11295: 11286: 11182: 11090: 11066:Great Recession 11049: 11020: 10996: 10980: 10961: 10852:H. P. Lovecraft 10821: 10783: 10776: 10767: 10755: 10743: 10711: 10687: 10660:Muammar Gaddafi 10650: 10638:Leonid Brezhnev 10613: 10601: 10584:Gregory Palamas 10569: 10567:Chiang Kai Shek 10557: 10517: 10507: 10488: 10487: 10468: 10449:Conflict thesis 10437: 10401: 10291: 10282: 10249: 10213: 10143: 10095: 10057: 10023:Interwar period 10013: 9983: 9976: 9968: 9952:Schlieffen Plan 9932: 9893: 9882: 9797: 9764: 9747: 9732: 9721: 9715: 9699:Dorian invasion 9684:Fall of Babylon 9640: 9634: 9633: 9610: 9602: 9569: 9550: 9526: 9503: 9496: 9458:Kingdom of Alba 9439: 9432: 9399: 9390: 9378: 9376:Spanish decline 9354: 9335: 9290: 9245: 9233: 9214: 9205: 9171: 9112: 9077: 9063:Greater Magadha 9049: 9027: 8984: 8975: 8963: 8951: 8932: 8911: 8885:Four Barbarians 8843: 8817: 8745: 8702:Götaland theory 8670:Lusotropicalism 8660: 8641:North Macedonia 8573: 8561: 8549: 8527: 8515: 8455: 8434:Frontier thesis 8429:Cyclical theory 8412:Neoabolitionism 8388: 8351: 8321: 8283: 8260:Greater Morocco 8240: 8212: 8189: 8140: 8134: 8026: 8010: 7998: 7955: 7936: 7849: 7764: 7758: 7740:Historical eras 7721: 7700: 7535: 7432:Writing systems 7402: 7360: 7358:Fields of study 7339: 7333:Service records 7318:Religious texts 7224: 7210:Primary sources 7194: 7181: 7180: 7114: 7109: 7079: 7074: 7023: 7007: 7003:Molecular clock 6996:Genetic methods 6987: 6968:Nitrogen dating 6955:Relative dating 6949: 6918:Potassium–argon 6865:Absolute dating 6855: 6844: 6803: 6782: 6747: 6723:Cosmic Calendar 6715:Astronomic time 6705: 6647: 6602: 6566: 6552:Original Julian 6522: 6489: 6451: 6350:Ab urbe condita 6328: 6305: 6257: 6252: 6222: 6217: 6198: 6179:David Christian 6152: 6131: 6019: 5978: 5973: 5906: 5901: 5894:Wagar, Warren. 5845:Roberts, Paul. 5796:Korten, David. 5757: 5752: 5668:Marks, Robert. 5647:McNeill, John. 5609:4 (2020): 6-30. 5525:Ansary, Tamin. 5514: 5509: 5428:Marcus, Joyce. 5379:Kemp, Barry J. 5365:Jaspers, Karl. 5316:Davies, Nigel. 5247: 5242: 5142: 5137: 5077:Markale, Jean. 5069:The Dobe !Kung. 5039:Goodall, Jane. 5025:Dunbar, Robin. 4997: 4992: 4943:Browne, Janet. 4939: 4934: 4867: 4862: 4827:McSween, H. Y. 4820:Greene, Brian. 4792:Bryson, Bill. 4781: 4776: 4774:Further reading 4771: 4770: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4740: 4738: 4728: 4724: 4712: 4710: 4700: 4696: 4689: 4673: 4669: 4654: 4650: 4638: 4636: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4609: 4607: 4598: 4597: 4593: 4584: 4582: 4573: 4572: 4568: 4563:Wayback Machine 4554: 4550: 4537: 4533: 4524: 4522: 4512: 4508: 4499: 4497: 4485: 4481: 4466: 4462: 4442: 4441: 4437: 4425: 4423: 4408: 4401: 4385: 4381: 4366: 4342: 4338: 4329: 4325: 4296: 4292: 4279: 4275: 4266: 4262: 4250: 4246: 4236: 4234: 4224: 4223: 4219: 4209: 4207: 4199: 4198: 4194: 4187: 4169: 4148: 4136: 4134: 4119: 4096: 4090:Wiley-Blackwell 4083: 4079: 4066: 4062: 4050: 4046: 4027: 4023: 4012:Chaisson, E.J., 4011: 4007: 3996:Chaisson, E.J., 3995: 3991: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3957:Chaisson, E.J., 3956: 3952: 3932: 3928: 3912: 3908: 3886: 3879: 3872: 3854: 3850: 3843: 3825: 3821: 3808: 3804: 3780: 3776: 3758: 3754: 3738: 3734: 3726: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3713: 3700: 3696: 3683: 3679: 3671: 3663: 3659: 3650: 3648: 3631: 3627: 3618: 3616: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3591: 3589: 3572: 3565: 3555: 3553: 3543: 3539: 3532: 3518: 3514: 3507: 3493: 3489: 3477: 3475: 3463: 3448: 3436: 3434: 3422: 3418: 3410: 3406: 3394: 3392: 3382: 3351: 3339: 3337: 3324: 3323: 3316: 3304: 3303: 3294: 3293: 3284: 3282: 3272: 3263: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3230: 3226: 3214: 3212: 3209:Huffington Post 3200: 3196: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3146: 3145: 3136: 3134: 3122: 3105: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3068: 3066: 3046: 3027: 3017: 3015: 3011: 3010: 3006: 2990: 2988: 2976: 2961: 2950: 2946: 2939: 2921: 2917: 2908: 2906: 2896: 2875: 2866: 2864: 2852: 2831: 2819: 2817: 2815:Huffington Post 2807: 2786: 2781: 2733:Cosmic Calendar 2699: 2684: 2659: 2586:David Christian 2579: 2577:People involved 2540: 2473: 2470: 2442: 2436: 2433: 2417: 2414: 2364:David Christian 2360: 2358:David Christian 2320:George B. Field 2282:Fernand Braudel 2177:Jacob Bronowski 2096: 2091: 2052:History channel 2047: 2041: 2018: 1984:religious rites 1921: 1870: 1838:Paleolithic era 1713:Stars are born. 1679:David Christian 1590: 1531:Herbert Spencer 1527:Robert Chambers 1516:natural history 1512:astrophysicists 1485: 1484: 1472: 1471: 1470: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1451: 1450: 1436: 1427: 1426: 1416: 1407: 1406: 1396: 1387: 1386: 1372: 1363: 1362: 1352: 1343: 1342: 1332: 1323: 1322: 1312: 1303: 1302: 1300:Earliest oxygen 1292: 1283: 1282: 1272: 1263: 1262: 1248: 1239: 1238: 1228: 1219: 1218: 1208: 1199: 1198: 1188: 1179: 1178: 1168: 1159: 1158: 1148: 1139: 1138: 1128: 1121: 1112: 1111: 1109:Earliest galaxy 1101: 1092: 1091: 1081: 1072: 1071: 1061: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1032: 1031: 1030: 1023: 1022: 1021: 1014: 1013: 1012: 1008: 1003: 1002: 1001: 997: 992: 991: 990: 986: 984: 979: 978: 977: 973: 968: 967: 966: 962: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 816: 790: 784: 781:Nature timeline 780: 773: 745: 655:quantum physics 631: 554:Information Age 536:natural history 532:ancient history 437:written records 311: 299:natural history 287:David Christian 217: 206: 205: 204: 199: 188: 182: 179: 168: 153: 149: 138: 127: 121: 118: 103: 91: 87: 50: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17036: 17026: 17025: 17008: 17007: 17005: 17004: 16994: 16983: 16980: 16979: 16977: 16976: 16971: 16966: 16961: 16954: 16949: 16944: 16939: 16934: 16928: 16926: 16922: 16921: 16918: 16917: 16915: 16914: 16912:Time geography 16909: 16904: 16902:Clock reaction 16899: 16898: 16897: 16887: 16881: 16879: 16875: 16874: 16872: 16871: 16866: 16861: 16856: 16851: 16846: 16841: 16836: 16831: 16826: 16821: 16815: 16813: 16807: 16806: 16804: 16803: 16798: 16793: 16792: 16791: 16786: 16781: 16776: 16771: 16766: 16755: 16753: 16744: 16737: 16736: 16734: 16733: 16720: 16715: 16710: 16705: 16704: 16703: 16701:time signature 16698: 16688: 16683: 16678: 16672: 16670: 16659: 16658: 16656: 16655: 16654: 16653: 16643: 16642: 16641: 16631: 16626: 16621: 16616: 16611: 16605: 16603: 16601: 16600: 16595: 16589: 16586: 16585: 16583: 16582: 16575: 16573:Temporal parts 16570: 16565: 16560: 16555: 16550: 16545: 16543:Eternal return 16540: 16535: 16530: 16528:Chronocentrism 16525: 16520: 16514: 16512: 16506: 16505: 16503: 16502: 16497: 16492: 16487: 16482: 16477: 16472: 16466: 16464: 16462: 16461: 16456: 16450: 16447: 16446: 16443: 16442: 16440: 16439: 16438: 16437: 16423: 16418: 16413: 16408: 16407: 16406: 16401: 16400: 16399: 16394: 16384: 16379: 16374: 16369: 16368: 16367: 16357: 16356: 16355: 16339: 16337: 16331: 16330: 16328: 16327: 16320: 16315: 16313:Hindu Panchang 16310: 16305: 16300: 16295: 16290: 16285: 16280: 16279: 16278: 16273: 16268: 16257: 16255: 16249: 16248: 16246: 16245: 16240: 16235: 16230: 16225: 16220: 16215: 16210: 16205: 16200: 16195: 16190: 16185: 16180: 16175: 16169: 16167: 16159: 16158: 16156: 16155: 16150: 16145: 16140: 16135: 16129: 16127: 16118: 16107: 16106: 16104: 16103: 16098: 16093: 16088: 16082: 16080: 16076: 16075: 16068: 16067: 16060: 16053: 16045: 16036: 16035: 16032: 16031: 16028: 16027: 16017: 16006: 16005: 16002: 16001: 15998: 15997: 15995: 15994: 15989: 15988: 15987: 15982: 15972: 15967: 15962: 15956: 15953: 15952: 15942: 15941: 15938: 15937: 15935: 15934: 15933: 15932: 15922: 15917: 15907: 15901: 15898: 15897: 15887: 15886: 15883: 15882: 15879: 15878: 15876: 15875: 15870: 15865: 15858: 15853: 15847: 15845: 15836: 15835: 15833: 15832: 15831: 15830: 15825: 15820: 15815: 15810: 15805: 15800: 15795: 15787: 15786: 15785: 15773: 15768: 15767: 15766: 15761: 15756: 15746: 15741: 15740: 15739: 15738: 15737: 15715: 15714: 15713: 15708: 15703: 15698: 15688: 15687: 15686: 15681: 15680: 15679: 15669: 15664: 15654: 15648: 15646: 15640: 15639: 15637: 15636: 15635: 15634: 15629: 15621: 15616: 15611: 15605: 15603: 15596: 15595: 15590: 15585: 15578: 15573: 15566: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15539: 15533: 15530: 15529: 15519: 15518: 15515: 15514: 15511: 15510: 15508: 15507: 15502: 15497: 15492: 15487: 15482: 15481: 15480: 15468: 15467: 15466: 15465: 15464: 15459: 15454: 15444: 15439: 15429: 15428: 15427: 15422: 15417: 15407: 15402: 15397: 15392: 15390:Charles Darwin 15387: 15381: 15379: 15375: 15374: 15371: 15370: 15368: 15367: 15362: 15360:United Kingdom 15357: 15352: 15350:Modern Germany 15347: 15342: 15336: 15334: 15323: 15322: 15310: 15298: 15286: 15281: 15276: 15271: 15269:Thomas Aquinas 15266: 15254: 15249: 15248: 15247: 15242: 15225: 15220: 15215: 15210: 15205: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15178: 15173: 15168: 15156: 15144: 15139: 15137:Horatio Nelson 15134: 15129: 15124: 15112: 15100: 15095: 15090: 15085: 15080: 15075: 15069: 15067: 15057: 15056: 15046: 15045: 15042: 15041: 15038: 15037: 15034: 15033: 15022: 15021: 15018: 15017: 15015: 15014: 15009: 15004: 14999: 14993: 14991: 14987: 14986: 14984: 14983: 14982: 14981: 14973: 14972: 14971: 14969:Responsibility 14966: 14957: 14955: 14951: 14950: 14948: 14947: 14946: 14945: 14937: 14936: 14935: 14925: 14920: 14919: 14918: 14910: 14909: 14908: 14900: 14895: 14894: 14893: 14885: 14884: 14883: 14881:New Historians 14878: 14873: 14859: 14853: 14851: 14845: 14844: 14841: 14840: 14838: 14837: 14825: 14818: 14811: 14805: 14803: 14799: 14798: 14796: 14795: 14794: 14793: 14785: 14780: 14775: 14769: 14767: 14763: 14762: 14760: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14747:Responsibility 14744: 14739: 14738: 14737: 14727: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14701: 14699: 14693: 14692: 14690: 14689: 14688: 14687: 14682: 14672: 14667: 14662: 14657: 14651: 14649: 14642: 14641: 14636: 14631: 14626: 14621: 14615: 14613: 14607: 14606: 14604: 14603: 14602: 14601: 14593: 14592: 14591: 14581: 14575: 14573: 14567: 14566: 14563: 14562: 14560: 14559: 14558: 14557: 14552: 14542: 14536: 14534: 14523: 14511: 14505:Spirit of 1914 14502: 14497: 14492: 14487: 14475: 14465: 14462:Fischer thesis 14451: 14449: 14443: 14442: 14440: 14439: 14438: 14437: 14425: 14417: 14416: 14415: 14405: 14403:Paraguayan War 14400: 14399: 14398: 14388: 14383: 14382: 14381: 14376: 14368: 14367: 14366: 14361: 14350: 14347: 14346: 14344: 14343: 14342: 14341: 14336: 14329:Napoleonic era 14326: 14321: 14320: 14319: 14307: 14302: 14293:Pre-revolution 14284: 14282: 14278:Coalition Wars 14271: 14265: 14264: 14262: 14261: 14256: 14255: 14254: 14249: 14239: 14234: 14229: 14228: 14227: 14217: 14216: 14215: 14205: 14204: 14203: 14192: 14190: 14184: 14183: 14180: 14179: 14172: 14164: 14163: 14160: 14159: 14156:historiography 14149: 14148: 14141: 14134: 14126: 14119: 14118: 14108: 14107: 14104: 14103: 14100: 14099: 14097: 14096: 14090: 14088: 14084: 14083: 14080: 14079: 14076: 14075: 14073: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14056: 14054: 14043: 14042: 14037: 14036: 14035: 14025: 14020: 14015: 14014: 14013: 14008: 13998: 13992: 13990: 13982: 13981: 13979: 13978: 13977: 13976: 13974:Decline thesis 13971: 13964:Ottoman Empire 13961: 13955: 13953: 13949: 13948: 13946: 13945: 13933: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13910: 13909: 13890: 13878: 13873: 13866: 13861: 13856: 13846: 13844: 13840: 13839: 13837: 13836: 13835: 13834: 13829: 13824: 13814: 13813: 13812: 13802: 13801: 13800: 13791:Skeptic School 13776: 13774:Anti-Normanism 13770: 13768: 13764: 13763: 13761: 13760: 13748: 13743: 13738: 13733: 13731:Golden Liberty 13727: 13725: 13721: 13720: 13718: 13717: 13716: 13715: 13713:Neo-Bourbonism 13705: 13700: 13693: 13686: 13681: 13674: 13668: 13666: 13662: 13661: 13659: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13641: 13635: 13633: 13627: 13626: 13624: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13607: 13605: 13599: 13598: 13596: 13595: 13588: 13583: 13569: 13562: 13555: 13553:Borussian myth 13550: 13542: 13540: 13534: 13533: 13531: 13530: 13518: 13506: 13494: 13487: 13475: 13467: 13465: 13461: 13460: 13458: 13457: 13452: 13447: 13442: 13441: 13440: 13435: 13425: 13420: 13415: 13414: 13413: 13403: 13398: 13386: 13381: 13375: 13373: 13367: 13366: 13364: 13363: 13362: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13320: 13319: 13309: 13303: 13301: 13292: 13291: 13290: 13289: 13284: 13274: 13273: 13272: 13264: 13259: 13254: 13253: 13252: 13244: 13243: 13242: 13232: 13231: 13230: 13222: 13221: 13220: 13203: 13202: 13201: 13191: 13186: 13185: 13184: 13179: 13169: 13164: 13163: 13162: 13154: 13153: 13152: 13142: 13141: 13140: 13130: 13129: 13128: 13116: 13104: 13089: 13084: 13083: 13082: 13058: 13053: 13052: 13051: 13043: 13038: 13037: 13036: 13028: 13027: 13026: 13024:Dealbanisation 13015: 13013: 13009: 13008: 13005: 13004: 13002: 13001: 12996: 12995: 12994: 12984: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12968: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12946: 12944: 12938: 12937: 12935: 12934: 12933: 12932: 12920: 12919: 12918: 12908: 12907: 12906: 12894: 12888:May Revolution 12879: 12877: 12868: 12867: 12862: 12861: 12860: 12858:Staples thesis 12855: 12850: 12839: 12837: 12833: 12832: 12830: 12829: 12822: 12821: 12820: 12812: 12811: 12810: 12802: 12797: 12796: 12795: 12783: 12774: 12772: 12762: 12761: 12751: 12750: 12747: 12746: 12743: 12742: 12739: 12738: 12736: 12735: 12734: 12733: 12723: 12714: 12705: 12700: 12694: 12692: 12690:modern history 12681: 12680: 12673: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12649: 12648: 12636: 12634:Paradigm shift 12631: 12626: 12621: 12616: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12588: 12582: 12580: 12576: 12575: 12573: 12572: 12567: 12566: 12565: 12541: 12536: 12531: 12526: 12521: 12515: 12513: 12505: 12504: 12494: 12493: 12490: 12489: 12486: 12485: 12483: 12482: 12481: 12480: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12455: 12450: 12449: 12448: 12438: 12437: 12436: 12431: 12421: 12420: 12419: 12409: 12404: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12361: 12360: 12350: 12345: 12336: 12335: 12334: 12327: 12320:Annales school 12316: 12314: 12305: 12304: 12303: 12302: 12297: 12290: 12280: 12274: 12271: 12270: 12258: 12257: 12254: 12253: 12250: 12249: 12247: 12246: 12245: 12244: 12239: 12234: 12233: 12232: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12192: 12191: 12190: 12185: 12183:Constitutional 12175: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12159: 12158: 12146: 12145: 12144: 12139: 12134: 12129: 12119: 12106: 12101: 12091: 12089: 12085: 12084: 12082: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12059:Postage stamps 12056: 12051: 12046: 12045: 12044: 12034: 12029: 12024: 12019: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11999: 11998: 11997: 11987: 11982: 11973: 11958: 11956: 11952: 11951: 11949: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11937: 11936: 11926: 11920: 11918: 11910: 11909: 11897: 11896: 11893: 11892: 11889: 11888: 11886: 11885: 11884: 11883: 11873: 11868: 11863: 11858: 11856:Oral tradition 11853: 11852: 11851: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11826: 11821: 11816: 11811: 11806: 11801: 11796: 11791: 11786: 11780: 11778: 11774: 11773: 11771: 11770: 11765: 11760: 11754: 11752: 11744: 11743: 11731: 11730: 11727: 11726: 11719: 11712: 11705: 11697: 11696: 11689: 11688: 11687: 11668: 11667: 11664: 11663: 11660:Historiography 11656: 11655: 11648: 11641: 11633: 11626: 11625: 11623: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11606: 11605: 11600: 11595: 11590: 11585: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11564: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11543: 11538: 11533: 11527: 11524: 11523: 11516: 11515: 11508: 11501: 11493: 11484: 11483: 11480: 11479: 11469: 11458: 11457: 11454: 11453: 11450: 11449: 11447: 11446: 11441: 11440: 11439: 11434: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11408: 11405: 11404: 11394: 11393: 11390: 11389: 11387: 11386: 11385: 11384: 11374: 11369: 11359: 11353: 11350: 11349: 11339: 11338: 11335: 11334: 11331: 11330: 11328: 11327: 11322: 11317: 11310: 11305: 11299: 11297: 11288: 11287: 11285: 11284: 11283: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11239: 11238: 11237: 11225: 11220: 11219: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11198: 11193: 11192: 11191: 11190: 11189: 11167: 11166: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11140: 11139: 11138: 11133: 11132: 11131: 11121: 11116: 11106: 11100: 11098: 11092: 11091: 11089: 11088: 11087: 11086: 11081: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11057: 11055: 11048: 11047: 11042: 11037: 11030: 11025: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10991: 10985: 10982: 10981: 10971: 10970: 10967: 10966: 10963: 10962: 10960: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10933: 10932: 10920: 10919: 10918: 10917: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10896: 10891: 10881: 10880: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10842:Charles Darwin 10839: 10833: 10831: 10827: 10826: 10823: 10822: 10820: 10819: 10814: 10812:United Kingdom 10809: 10804: 10802:Modern Germany 10799: 10794: 10788: 10786: 10775: 10774: 10762: 10750: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10721:Thomas Aquinas 10718: 10706: 10701: 10700: 10699: 10694: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10645: 10640: 10635: 10630: 10625: 10620: 10608: 10596: 10591: 10589:Horatio Nelson 10586: 10581: 10576: 10564: 10552: 10547: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10521: 10519: 10509: 10508: 10498: 10497: 10494: 10493: 10490: 10489: 10486: 10485: 10474: 10473: 10470: 10469: 10467: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10445: 10443: 10439: 10438: 10436: 10435: 10434: 10433: 10425: 10424: 10423: 10421:Responsibility 10418: 10409: 10407: 10403: 10402: 10400: 10399: 10398: 10397: 10389: 10388: 10387: 10377: 10372: 10371: 10370: 10362: 10361: 10360: 10352: 10347: 10346: 10345: 10337: 10336: 10335: 10333:New Historians 10330: 10325: 10311: 10305: 10303: 10297: 10296: 10293: 10292: 10290: 10289: 10277: 10270: 10263: 10257: 10255: 10251: 10250: 10248: 10247: 10246: 10245: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10221: 10219: 10215: 10214: 10212: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10199:Responsibility 10196: 10191: 10190: 10189: 10179: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10153: 10151: 10145: 10144: 10142: 10141: 10140: 10139: 10134: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10103: 10101: 10094: 10093: 10088: 10083: 10078: 10073: 10067: 10065: 10059: 10058: 10056: 10055: 10054: 10053: 10045: 10044: 10043: 10033: 10027: 10025: 10019: 10018: 10015: 10014: 10012: 10011: 10010: 10009: 10004: 9994: 9988: 9986: 9975: 9963: 9957:Spirit of 1914 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9927: 9917: 9914:Fischer thesis 9903: 9901: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9891: 9890: 9889: 9877: 9869: 9868: 9867: 9857: 9855:Paraguayan War 9852: 9851: 9850: 9840: 9835: 9834: 9833: 9828: 9820: 9819: 9818: 9813: 9802: 9799: 9798: 9796: 9795: 9794: 9793: 9788: 9781:Napoleonic era 9778: 9773: 9772: 9771: 9759: 9754: 9745:Pre-revolution 9736: 9734: 9730:Coalition Wars 9723: 9717: 9716: 9714: 9713: 9708: 9707: 9706: 9701: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9680: 9679: 9669: 9668: 9667: 9657: 9656: 9655: 9644: 9642: 9636: 9635: 9632: 9631: 9624: 9616: 9615: 9612: 9611: 9608:historiography 9601: 9600: 9593: 9586: 9578: 9571: 9570: 9560: 9559: 9556: 9555: 9552: 9551: 9549: 9548: 9542: 9540: 9536: 9535: 9532: 9531: 9528: 9527: 9525: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9508: 9506: 9495: 9494: 9489: 9488: 9487: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9466: 9465: 9460: 9450: 9444: 9442: 9434: 9433: 9431: 9430: 9429: 9428: 9426:Decline thesis 9423: 9416:Ottoman Empire 9413: 9407: 9405: 9401: 9400: 9398: 9397: 9385: 9373: 9368: 9363: 9362: 9361: 9342: 9330: 9325: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9298: 9296: 9292: 9291: 9289: 9288: 9287: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9266: 9265: 9264: 9254: 9253: 9252: 9243:Skeptic School 9228: 9226:Anti-Normanism 9222: 9220: 9216: 9215: 9213: 9212: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9183:Golden Liberty 9179: 9177: 9173: 9172: 9170: 9169: 9168: 9167: 9165:Neo-Bourbonism 9157: 9152: 9145: 9138: 9133: 9126: 9120: 9118: 9114: 9113: 9111: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9093: 9087: 9085: 9079: 9078: 9076: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9059: 9057: 9051: 9050: 9048: 9047: 9040: 9035: 9021: 9014: 9007: 9005:Borussian myth 9002: 8994: 8992: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8982: 8970: 8958: 8946: 8939: 8927: 8919: 8917: 8913: 8912: 8910: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8893: 8892: 8887: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8866: 8865: 8855: 8850: 8838: 8833: 8827: 8825: 8819: 8818: 8816: 8815: 8814: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8772: 8771: 8761: 8755: 8753: 8744: 8743: 8742: 8741: 8736: 8726: 8725: 8724: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8705: 8704: 8696: 8695: 8694: 8684: 8683: 8682: 8674: 8673: 8672: 8655: 8654: 8653: 8643: 8638: 8637: 8636: 8631: 8621: 8616: 8615: 8614: 8606: 8605: 8604: 8594: 8593: 8592: 8582: 8581: 8580: 8568: 8556: 8541: 8536: 8535: 8534: 8510: 8505: 8504: 8503: 8495: 8490: 8489: 8488: 8480: 8479: 8478: 8476:Dealbanisation 8467: 8465: 8461: 8460: 8457: 8456: 8454: 8453: 8448: 8447: 8446: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8420: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8398: 8396: 8390: 8389: 8387: 8386: 8385: 8384: 8372: 8371: 8370: 8360: 8359: 8358: 8346: 8340:May Revolution 8331: 8329: 8320: 8319: 8314: 8313: 8312: 8310:Staples thesis 8307: 8302: 8291: 8289: 8285: 8284: 8282: 8281: 8274: 8273: 8272: 8264: 8263: 8262: 8254: 8249: 8248: 8247: 8235: 8226: 8224: 8214: 8213: 8203: 8202: 8199: 8198: 8195: 8194: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8187: 8186: 8185: 8175: 8166: 8157: 8152: 8146: 8144: 8142:modern history 8133: 8132: 8125: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8101: 8100: 8088: 8086:Paradigm shift 8083: 8078: 8073: 8068: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8040: 8034: 8032: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8024: 8019: 8018: 8017: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7967: 7965: 7957: 7956: 7946: 7945: 7942: 7941: 7938: 7937: 7935: 7934: 7933: 7932: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7901: 7900: 7890: 7889: 7888: 7883: 7873: 7872: 7871: 7861: 7856: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7813: 7812: 7802: 7797: 7788: 7787: 7786: 7779: 7772:Annales school 7768: 7766: 7757: 7756: 7755: 7754: 7749: 7742: 7732: 7726: 7723: 7722: 7710: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7702: 7701: 7699: 7698: 7697: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7685: 7684: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7644: 7643: 7642: 7637: 7635:Constitutional 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7611: 7610: 7598: 7597: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7571: 7558: 7553: 7543: 7541: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7511:Postage stamps 7508: 7503: 7498: 7497: 7496: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7450: 7449: 7439: 7434: 7425: 7410: 7408: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7389: 7388: 7378: 7372: 7370: 7362: 7361: 7349: 7348: 7345: 7344: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7337: 7336: 7335: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7308:Oral tradition 7305: 7304: 7303: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7232: 7230: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7206: 7204: 7196: 7195: 7183: 7182: 7179: 7178: 7171: 7164: 7157: 7149: 7148: 7141: 7140: 7139: 7120: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7112:Historiography 7108: 7107: 7100: 7093: 7085: 7076: 7075: 7073: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7040:New Chronology 7037: 7031: 7029: 7028:Related topics 7025: 7024: 7022: 7021: 7015: 7013: 7009: 7008: 7006: 7005: 6999: 6997: 6993: 6992: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6959: 6957: 6951: 6950: 6948: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6931: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6905: 6903:Paleomagnetism 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6869: 6867: 6858: 6850: 6849: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6811: 6809: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6801: 6796: 6790: 6788: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6764: 6762: 6755: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6719: 6717: 6711: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6703: 6701:New Earth Time 6698: 6693: 6692: 6691: 6686: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6655: 6653: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6645: 6640: 6630: 6625: 6610: 6608: 6604: 6603: 6601: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6574: 6572: 6568: 6567: 6565: 6564: 6562:Revised Julian 6559: 6554: 6549: 6543: 6541: 6534: 6528: 6527: 6524: 6523: 6521: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6499: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6480:Lists of kings 6477: 6472: 6470:Canon of Kings 6467: 6461: 6459: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6422: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6395:Before present 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6353: 6346: 6340: 6338: 6329: 6327: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6292: 6291: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6265: 6263: 6259: 6258: 6251: 6250: 6243: 6236: 6228: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6215: 6206: 6204: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6164:Walter Alvarez 6160: 6158: 6157:Notable people 6154: 6153: 6151: 6150: 6145: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6132: 6130: 6129: 6119: 6109: 6108: 6107: 6090: 6076: 6066: 6052: 6042: 6027: 6025: 6021: 6020: 6018: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5986: 5984: 5980: 5979: 5972: 5971: 5964: 5957: 5949: 5943: 5942: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5912: 5905: 5904:External links 5902: 5900: 5899: 5892: 5885: 5880:Smil, Vaclav. 5878: 5871: 5864: 5857: 5852:Roston, Eric. 5850: 5843: 5836: 5829: 5822: 5815: 5808: 5801: 5794: 5787: 5782:Kaku, Michio. 5780: 5773: 5766: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5750: 5745:Uglow, Jenny. 5743: 5736: 5729: 5722: 5715: 5708: 5701: 5694: 5687: 5680: 5675:Morris, Ian. 5673: 5666: 5659: 5652: 5645: 5638: 5631: 5624: 5617: 5610: 5603: 5596: 5589: 5582: 5575: 5568: 5561: 5554: 5551: 5544: 5537: 5530: 5523: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5504: 5497: 5490: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5476:Toner, Jerry. 5474: 5467: 5464: 5461: 5454: 5447: 5440: 5433: 5426: 5419: 5412: 5409:The Human Web. 5405: 5398: 5391: 5384: 5377: 5370: 5363: 5356: 5351:Gately, Iain. 5349: 5342: 5335: 5328: 5321: 5314: 5307: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5287: 5284: 5277: 5270: 5263: 5256: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5240: 5233: 5222: 5219: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5199: 5192: 5185: 5182: 5175: 5172: 5165: 5158: 5151: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5135: 5128: 5121: 5118: 5111: 5104: 5097: 5090: 5086: 5082: 5075: 5072: 5067:Lee, Richard. 5065: 5058: 5051: 5044: 5037: 5030: 5023: 5016: 5009: 5002: 4998: 4996: 4993: 4991: 4990: 4983: 4976: 4969: 4962: 4955: 4948: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4932: 4925: 4918: 4913:Lunine, J. I. 4911: 4904: 4899:Fortey, R. A. 4897: 4890: 4885:Condie, K. C. 4883: 4876: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4860: 4853: 4848:Taylor, S. R. 4846: 4839: 4832: 4825: 4818: 4811: 4804: 4797: 4790: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4769: 4768: 4750: 4722: 4694: 4687: 4667: 4648: 4616: 4591: 4566: 4548: 4531: 4506: 4479: 4460: 4435: 4399: 4379: 4364: 4336: 4323: 4290: 4284:. Volume III. 4273: 4260: 4244: 4217: 4192: 4185: 4146: 4094: 4077: 4060: 4044: 4021: 4005: 3989: 3971: 3950: 3926: 3906: 3877: 3870: 3848: 3841: 3819: 3802: 3781:Chaisson, E., 3774: 3752: 3732: 3711: 3694: 3677: 3657: 3625: 3601: 3563: 3537: 3530: 3512: 3505: 3487: 3446: 3416: 3404: 3349: 3314: 3261: 3243: 3224: 3194: 3180: 3160: 3103: 3089: 3075: 3049:Craig Benjamin 3025: 3004: 2959: 2944: 2937: 2915: 2904:Education Week 2873: 2829: 2783: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2714: 2708: 2702: 2693: 2687: 2678: 2672: 2666: 2663:Annales school 2658: 2655: 2654: 2653: 2643: 2633: 2623: 2616:Craig Benjamin 2613: 2606:Walter Alvarez 2603: 2593: 2578: 2575: 2539: 2536: 2529:philanthropist 2514:Global History 2468: 2441: 2438: 2431: 2412: 2359: 2356: 2266:William Anders 2224:William Anders 2123:Giordano Bruno 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2082:Bryan Cranston 2080:, narrated by 2039: 2017: 2014: 1988:romance novels 1961:slash-and-burn 1957:climate change 1950:historiography 1920: 1917: 1898:nuclear fusion 1869: 1866: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1855: 1844: 1828: 1803: 1795:, such as our 1789: 1771: 1764: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1621: 1620: 1619: 1618: 1612: 1589: 1586: 1543:Harlow Shapley 1487: 1486: 1478: 1474: 1473: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1442: 1441: 1439: 1429: 1428: 1422: 1421: 1419: 1409: 1408: 1402: 1401: 1399: 1389: 1388: 1378: 1377: 1375: 1365: 1364: 1360:Earliest fungi 1358: 1357: 1355: 1345: 1344: 1338: 1337: 1335: 1325: 1324: 1318: 1317: 1315: 1305: 1304: 1298: 1297: 1295: 1285: 1284: 1278: 1277: 1275: 1265: 1264: 1254: 1253: 1251: 1241: 1240: 1236:Alpha Centauri 1234: 1233: 1231: 1221: 1220: 1214: 1213: 1211: 1201: 1200: 1194: 1193: 1191: 1181: 1180: 1174: 1173: 1171: 1161: 1160: 1156:Omega Centauri 1154: 1153: 1151: 1141: 1140: 1127: 1126: 1124: 1114: 1113: 1107: 1106: 1104: 1094: 1093: 1089:Earliest stars 1087: 1086: 1084: 1074: 1073: 1067: 1066: 1064: 1055: 1046: 1045: 1044: 1035: 1034: 1033: 1028:Photosynthesis 1026: 1025: 1024: 1017: 1016: 1015: 1009:Water on Earth 1006: 1005: 1004: 995: 994: 993: 982: 981: 980: 971: 970: 969: 960: 959: 958: 956: 953:0 — 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 818: 817: 815: 814: 807: 800: 789: 786: 785: 778: 772: 769: 744: 741: 679:native peoples 630: 627: 411: 410: 407: 403: 402: 399: 395: 394: 389: 383: 382: 360: 356: 355: 352: 348: 347: 344: 340: 339: 336: 332: 331: 325: 321: 320: 317: 310: 307: 219: 218: 201: 200: 156: 154: 147: 140: 139: 94: 92: 85: 80: 54: 53: 51: 44: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17035: 17024: 17021: 17020: 17018: 17003: 16995: 16993: 16985: 16984: 16981: 16975: 16972: 16970: 16967: 16965: 16962: 16960: 16959: 16955: 16953: 16950: 16948: 16945: 16943: 16940: 16938: 16935: 16933: 16930: 16929: 16927: 16923: 16913: 16910: 16908: 16905: 16903: 16900: 16896: 16893: 16892: 16891: 16890:Chronobiology 16888: 16886: 16883: 16882: 16880: 16876: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16857: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16825: 16824:Arrow of time 16822: 16820: 16817: 16816: 16814: 16812: 16808: 16802: 16799: 16797: 16796:Geochronology 16794: 16790: 16787: 16785: 16782: 16780: 16777: 16775: 16772: 16770: 16767: 16765: 16762: 16761: 16760: 16757: 16756: 16754: 16752: 16748: 16745: 16743: 16738: 16732: 16728: 16724: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16711: 16709: 16706: 16702: 16699: 16697: 16694: 16693: 16692: 16689: 16687: 16684: 16682: 16679: 16677: 16674: 16673: 16671: 16669: 16664: 16660: 16652: 16649: 16648: 16647: 16646:Wheel of time 16644: 16640: 16637: 16636: 16635: 16632: 16630: 16627: 16625: 16622: 16620: 16617: 16615: 16612: 16610: 16607: 16606: 16604: 16599: 16596: 16594: 16591: 16590: 16587: 16581: 16580: 16576: 16574: 16571: 16569: 16566: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16556: 16554: 16551: 16549: 16546: 16544: 16541: 16539: 16536: 16534: 16531: 16529: 16526: 16524: 16521: 16519: 16516: 16515: 16513: 16511: 16507: 16501: 16498: 16496: 16493: 16491: 16490:Periodization 16488: 16486: 16483: 16481: 16478: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16468: 16467: 16465: 16460: 16457: 16455: 16452: 16451: 16448: 16436: 16435: 16431: 16430: 16429: 16428: 16424: 16422: 16419: 16417: 16416:Digital clock 16414: 16412: 16409: 16405: 16402: 16398: 16395: 16393: 16390: 16389: 16388: 16385: 16383: 16380: 16378: 16375: 16373: 16370: 16366: 16363: 16362: 16361: 16358: 16354: 16351: 16350: 16349: 16346: 16345: 16344: 16341: 16340: 16338: 16336: 16332: 16326: 16325: 16321: 16319: 16316: 16314: 16311: 16309: 16306: 16304: 16301: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16291: 16289: 16286: 16284: 16281: 16277: 16274: 16272: 16269: 16267: 16264: 16263: 16262: 16259: 16258: 16256: 16254: 16250: 16244: 16241: 16239: 16236: 16234: 16231: 16229: 16226: 16224: 16221: 16219: 16216: 16214: 16211: 16209: 16206: 16204: 16201: 16199: 16196: 16194: 16193:Relative hour 16191: 16189: 16188:24-hour clock 16186: 16184: 16183:12-hour clock 16181: 16179: 16176: 16174: 16171: 16170: 16168: 16166: 16160: 16154: 16151: 16149: 16146: 16144: 16141: 16139: 16136: 16134: 16131: 16130: 16128: 16126: 16122: 16119: 16117: 16112: 16108: 16102: 16099: 16097: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16083: 16081: 16077: 16073: 16066: 16061: 16059: 16054: 16052: 16047: 16046: 16043: 16026: 16018: 16016: 16008: 16007: 16003: 15993: 15990: 15986: 15983: 15981: 15978: 15977: 15976: 15973: 15971: 15968: 15966: 15963: 15961: 15958: 15957: 15954: 15947: 15943: 15931: 15928: 15927: 15926: 15923: 15921: 15918: 15915: 15911: 15908: 15906: 15903: 15902: 15899: 15892: 15888: 15874: 15871: 15869: 15866: 15863: 15859: 15857: 15854: 15852: 15851:Merton thesis 15849: 15848: 15846: 15841: 15837: 15829: 15826: 15824: 15821: 15819: 15816: 15814: 15811: 15809: 15806: 15804: 15803:Panbabylonism 15801: 15799: 15796: 15794: 15791: 15790: 15788: 15784: 15783: 15779: 15778: 15777: 15774: 15772: 15769: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15752: 15751: 15750: 15747: 15745: 15742: 15734: 15729: 15726: 15725: 15724: 15721: 15720: 15719: 15716: 15712: 15709: 15707: 15704: 15702: 15699: 15697: 15694: 15693: 15692: 15689: 15685: 15682: 15678: 15675: 15674: 15673: 15670: 15668: 15665: 15663: 15660: 15659: 15658: 15655: 15653: 15650: 15649: 15647: 15645: 15641: 15633: 15630: 15628: 15625: 15624: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15606: 15604: 15600: 15594: 15591: 15589: 15586: 15584: 15583: 15579: 15577: 15574: 15571: 15567: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15552: 15548: 15543: 15540: 15538: 15535: 15534: 15531: 15524: 15520: 15506: 15503: 15501: 15498: 15496: 15493: 15491: 15488: 15486: 15483: 15479: 15478: 15474: 15473: 15472: 15469: 15463: 15460: 15458: 15455: 15453: 15450: 15449: 15448: 15445: 15443: 15440: 15438: 15435: 15434: 15433: 15430: 15426: 15423: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15412: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15401: 15398: 15396: 15393: 15391: 15388: 15386: 15383: 15382: 15380: 15376: 15366: 15365:United States 15363: 15361: 15358: 15356: 15353: 15351: 15348: 15346: 15343: 15341: 15338: 15337: 15335: 15333: 15327: 15319: 15314: 15311: 15307: 15302: 15299: 15295: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15263: 15258: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15246: 15245:Bolivarianism 15243: 15239: 15234: 15231: 15230: 15229: 15228:Simon Bolivar 15226: 15224: 15221: 15219: 15216: 15214: 15211: 15209: 15206: 15202: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15189: 15187: 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15165: 15160: 15159:Joseph Stalin 15157: 15153: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15130: 15128: 15125: 15121: 15116: 15113: 15109: 15104: 15101: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15086: 15084: 15081: 15079: 15076: 15074: 15071: 15070: 15068: 15062: 15058: 15051: 15047: 15032: 15024: 15023: 15019: 15013: 15010: 15008: 15005: 15003: 15000: 14998: 14995: 14994: 14992: 14988: 14980: 14977: 14976: 14974: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14961: 14959: 14958: 14956: 14954:Post-Cold War 14952: 14944: 14941: 14940: 14938: 14934: 14931: 14930: 14929: 14928:Falklands War 14926: 14924: 14923:Iran–Iraq War 14921: 14917: 14914: 14913: 14911: 14907: 14904: 14903: 14901: 14899: 14896: 14892: 14889: 14888: 14886: 14882: 14879: 14877: 14874: 14872: 14871:Ongoing Nakba 14868: 14865: 14864: 14863: 14860: 14858: 14855: 14854: 14852: 14850: 14846: 14834: 14829: 14826: 14824: 14823: 14819: 14817: 14816: 14812: 14810: 14807: 14806: 14804: 14802:Western Front 14800: 14792: 14789: 14788: 14786: 14784: 14783:Bengal famine 14781: 14779: 14776: 14774: 14771: 14770: 14768: 14764: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14736: 14733: 14732: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14722: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14702: 14700: 14698: 14697:The Holocaust 14694: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14677: 14676: 14673: 14671: 14668: 14666: 14663: 14661: 14658: 14656: 14653: 14652: 14650: 14648:Eastern Front 14646: 14640: 14637: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14620: 14617: 14616: 14614: 14612: 14608: 14600: 14597: 14596: 14594: 14590: 14587: 14586: 14585: 14582: 14580: 14577: 14576: 14574: 14572: 14568: 14556: 14553: 14551: 14548: 14547: 14546: 14543: 14541: 14538: 14537: 14535: 14533: 14527: 14520: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14506: 14503: 14501: 14498: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14488: 14484: 14479: 14476: 14473: 14469: 14466: 14463: 14459: 14455: 14452: 14450: 14448: 14444: 14434: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14421: 14420: 14418: 14414: 14411: 14410: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14401: 14397: 14394: 14393: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14380: 14379:Paris Commune 14377: 14375: 14372: 14371: 14369: 14365: 14364:Turning point 14362: 14360: 14357: 14356: 14355: 14352: 14351: 14340: 14337: 14335: 14332: 14331: 14330: 14327: 14325: 14322: 14316: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14299: 14294: 14291: 14290: 14289: 14286: 14285: 14283: 14279: 14275: 14272: 14268:18th and 19th 14266: 14260: 14257: 14253: 14250: 14248: 14245: 14244: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14226: 14223: 14222: 14221: 14218: 14214: 14213:Islamic views 14211: 14210: 14209: 14206: 14202: 14199: 14198: 14197: 14194: 14193: 14191: 14185: 14178: 14177: 14173: 14171: 14170: 14166: 14165: 14161: 14157: 14154: 14147: 14142: 14140: 14135: 14133: 14128: 14127: 14124: 14120: 14113: 14109: 14095: 14092: 14091: 14089: 14085: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14057: 14055: 14053: 14047: 14041: 14038: 14034: 14031: 14030: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14003: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13993: 13991: 13989: 13983: 13975: 13972: 13970: 13967: 13966: 13965: 13962: 13960: 13957: 13956: 13954: 13950: 13942: 13937: 13936:Ser de España 13934: 13930: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13906: 13901: 13898: 13897: 13896: 13895: 13891: 13887: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13871: 13867: 13865: 13862: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13851: 13848: 13847: 13845: 13841: 13833: 13830: 13828: 13825: 13823: 13820: 13819: 13818: 13815: 13811: 13808: 13807: 13806: 13803: 13797: 13792: 13789: 13788: 13785: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13771: 13769: 13765: 13757: 13752: 13749: 13747: 13744: 13742: 13739: 13737: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13728: 13726: 13722: 13714: 13711: 13710: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13698: 13694: 13692: 13691: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13679: 13675: 13673: 13670: 13669: 13667: 13663: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13646: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13636: 13634: 13632: 13628: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13608: 13606: 13604: 13600: 13594: 13593: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13574: 13570: 13568: 13567: 13563: 13561: 13560: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13548: 13544: 13543: 13541: 13539: 13535: 13527: 13522: 13519: 13515: 13510: 13507: 13503: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13492: 13488: 13484: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13473: 13469: 13468: 13466: 13462: 13456: 13453: 13451: 13448: 13446: 13443: 13439: 13436: 13434: 13431: 13430: 13429: 13426: 13424: 13421: 13419: 13416: 13412: 13409: 13408: 13407: 13404: 13402: 13399: 13395: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13376: 13374: 13372: 13368: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13354:Ottoman claim 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13341: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13334:Prosopography 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13318: 13315: 13314: 13313: 13310: 13308: 13305: 13304: 13302: 13300: 13296: 13288: 13287:Trưng sisters 13285: 13283: 13282: 13278: 13277: 13275: 13271: 13268: 13267: 13265: 13263: 13260: 13258: 13255: 13251: 13248: 13247: 13245: 13241: 13238: 13237: 13236: 13233: 13229: 13226: 13225: 13223: 13219: 13216: 13215: 13212: 13207: 13204: 13200: 13197: 13196: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13174: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13161: 13158: 13157: 13155: 13151: 13148: 13147: 13146: 13143: 13139: 13138: 13134: 13133: 13131: 13125: 13120: 13117: 13113: 13108: 13105: 13101: 13096: 13093: 13092: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13079: 13074: 13071: 13070: 13067: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13050: 13047: 13046: 13044: 13042: 13039: 13035: 13034:Habsburg myth 13032: 13031: 13029: 13025: 13022: 13021: 13020: 13017: 13016: 13014: 13010: 13000: 12997: 12993: 12990: 12989: 12988: 12985: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12952: 12951: 12948: 12947: 12945: 12943: 12942:United States 12939: 12931: 12930: 12926: 12925: 12924: 12921: 12917: 12914: 12913: 12912: 12909: 12903: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12889: 12886: 12885: 12884: 12881: 12880: 12878: 12876: 12875:Latin America 12872: 12866: 12863: 12859: 12856: 12854: 12851: 12849: 12846: 12845: 12844: 12841: 12840: 12838: 12834: 12828: 12827: 12823: 12819: 12816: 12815: 12813: 12809: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12792: 12787: 12784: 12782: 12779: 12778: 12776: 12775: 12773: 12771: 12767: 12763: 12756: 12752: 12732: 12729: 12728: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12695: 12693: 12691: 12685: 12679: 12678: 12674: 12672: 12671: 12666: 12665: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12647: 12644: 12643: 12642: 12641: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12583: 12581: 12577: 12571: 12568: 12562: 12557: 12554: 12553: 12550: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12516: 12514: 12510: 12506: 12499: 12495: 12479: 12476: 12475: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12468:Transnational 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12447: 12444: 12443: 12442: 12439: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12426: 12425: 12422: 12418: 12415: 12414: 12413: 12410: 12408: 12405: 12401: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12359: 12358:Decoloniality 12356: 12355: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12346: 12344: 12340: 12339:Historiometry 12337: 12333: 12332: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12322: 12321: 12318: 12317: 12315: 12309: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12295: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12285: 12284: 12283:Periodization 12281: 12279: 12276: 12275: 12272: 12268: 12263: 12259: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12231: 12228: 12227: 12226: 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12197: 12196: 12193: 12189: 12186: 12184: 12181: 12180: 12179: 12176: 12174: 12171: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12157: 12156: 12152: 12151: 12150: 12147: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12124: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12114: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12102: 12100: 12096: 12093: 12092: 12090: 12086: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12069:Sigillography 12067: 12065: 12064:Prosopography 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12043: 12040: 12039: 12038: 12035: 12033: 12030: 12028: 12025: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11996: 11993: 11992: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11977: 11974: 11971: 11967: 11963: 11960: 11959: 11957: 11953: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11941:Local history 11939: 11935: 11934:Human history 11932: 11931: 11930: 11929:World history 11927: 11925: 11922: 11921: 11919: 11915: 11911: 11907: 11902: 11898: 11882: 11879: 11878: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11850: 11847: 11846: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11830: 11827: 11825: 11822: 11820: 11817: 11815: 11812: 11810: 11807: 11805: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11790: 11787: 11785: 11782: 11781: 11779: 11775: 11769: 11766: 11764: 11761: 11759: 11756: 11755: 11753: 11749: 11745: 11741: 11736: 11732: 11725: 11724: 11720: 11718: 11717: 11713: 11711: 11710: 11706: 11704: 11703: 11699: 11698: 11695: 11694: 11690: 11686: 11685: 11681: 11677: 11676: 11675: 11674: 11670: 11669: 11665: 11661: 11654: 11649: 11647: 11642: 11640: 11635: 11634: 11631: 11627: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11607: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11598:Psychohistory 11596: 11594: 11591: 11589: 11586: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11565: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11551:Environmental 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11532: 11529: 11528: 11525: 11521: 11514: 11509: 11507: 11502: 11500: 11495: 11494: 11491: 11478: 11470: 11468: 11460: 11459: 11455: 11445: 11442: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11429: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11409: 11406: 11399: 11395: 11383: 11380: 11379: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11367: 11363: 11360: 11358: 11355: 11354: 11351: 11344: 11340: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11315: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11303:Merton thesis 11301: 11300: 11298: 11293: 11289: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11255:Panbabylonism 11253: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11242: 11240: 11236: 11235: 11231: 11230: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11203: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11186: 11181: 11178: 11177: 11176: 11173: 11172: 11171: 11168: 11164: 11161: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11145: 11144: 11141: 11137: 11134: 11130: 11127: 11126: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11111: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11101: 11099: 11097: 11093: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11076: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11058: 11056: 11052: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11036: 11035: 11031: 11029: 11026: 11023: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11000: 10995: 10992: 10990: 10987: 10986: 10983: 10976: 10972: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10931: 10930: 10926: 10925: 10924: 10921: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10901: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10886: 10885: 10882: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10864: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10834: 10832: 10828: 10818: 10817:United States 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10789: 10787: 10785: 10779: 10771: 10766: 10763: 10759: 10754: 10751: 10747: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10715: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10698: 10697:Bolivarianism 10695: 10691: 10686: 10683: 10682: 10681: 10680:Simon Bolivar 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10654: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10634: 10631: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10621: 10617: 10612: 10611:Joseph Stalin 10609: 10605: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10573: 10568: 10565: 10561: 10556: 10553: 10551: 10548: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10522: 10520: 10514: 10510: 10503: 10499: 10484: 10476: 10475: 10471: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10446: 10444: 10440: 10432: 10429: 10428: 10426: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10413: 10411: 10410: 10408: 10406:Post-Cold War 10404: 10396: 10393: 10392: 10390: 10386: 10383: 10382: 10381: 10380:Falklands War 10378: 10376: 10375:Iran–Iraq War 10373: 10369: 10366: 10365: 10363: 10359: 10356: 10355: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10344: 10341: 10340: 10338: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10323:Ongoing Nakba 10320: 10317: 10316: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10302: 10298: 10286: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10275: 10271: 10269: 10268: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10258: 10256: 10254:Western Front 10252: 10244: 10241: 10240: 10238: 10236: 10235:Bengal famine 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10222: 10220: 10216: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10188: 10185: 10184: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10174: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10154: 10152: 10150: 10149:The Holocaust 10146: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10129: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10104: 10102: 10100:Eastern Front 10098: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10068: 10066: 10064: 10060: 10052: 10049: 10048: 10046: 10042: 10039: 10038: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10028: 10026: 10024: 10020: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9999: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9989: 9987: 9985: 9979: 9972: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9936: 9931: 9928: 9925: 9921: 9918: 9915: 9911: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9900: 9896: 9886: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9872: 9870: 9866: 9863: 9862: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9849: 9846: 9845: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9832: 9831:Paris Commune 9829: 9827: 9824: 9823: 9821: 9817: 9816:Turning point 9814: 9812: 9809: 9808: 9807: 9804: 9803: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9783: 9782: 9779: 9777: 9774: 9768: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9751: 9746: 9743: 9742: 9741: 9738: 9737: 9735: 9731: 9727: 9724: 9720:18th and 19th 9718: 9712: 9709: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9696: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9678: 9675: 9674: 9673: 9670: 9666: 9665:Islamic views 9663: 9662: 9661: 9658: 9654: 9651: 9650: 9649: 9646: 9645: 9643: 9637: 9630: 9629: 9625: 9623: 9622: 9618: 9617: 9613: 9609: 9606: 9599: 9594: 9592: 9587: 9585: 9580: 9579: 9576: 9572: 9565: 9561: 9547: 9544: 9543: 9541: 9537: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9509: 9507: 9505: 9499: 9493: 9490: 9486: 9483: 9482: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9455: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9445: 9443: 9441: 9435: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9418: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9408: 9406: 9402: 9394: 9389: 9388:Ser de España 9386: 9382: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9358: 9353: 9350: 9349: 9348: 9347: 9343: 9339: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9323: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9303: 9300: 9299: 9297: 9293: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9271: 9270: 9267: 9263: 9260: 9259: 9258: 9255: 9249: 9244: 9241: 9240: 9237: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9223: 9221: 9217: 9209: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9174: 9166: 9163: 9162: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9150: 9146: 9144: 9143: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9131: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9121: 9119: 9115: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9098: 9094: 9092: 9089: 9088: 9086: 9084: 9080: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9052: 9046: 9045: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9026: 9022: 9020: 9019: 9015: 9013: 9012: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 9000: 8996: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8987: 8979: 8974: 8971: 8967: 8962: 8959: 8955: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8944: 8940: 8936: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8925: 8921: 8920: 8918: 8914: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8882: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8864: 8861: 8860: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8847: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8824: 8820: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8806:Ottoman claim 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8793: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8786:Prosopography 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8770: 8767: 8766: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8752: 8748: 8740: 8739:Trưng sisters 8737: 8735: 8734: 8730: 8729: 8727: 8723: 8720: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8703: 8700: 8699: 8697: 8693: 8690: 8689: 8688: 8685: 8681: 8678: 8677: 8675: 8671: 8668: 8667: 8664: 8659: 8656: 8652: 8649: 8648: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8626: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8613: 8610: 8609: 8607: 8603: 8600: 8599: 8598: 8595: 8591: 8590: 8586: 8585: 8583: 8577: 8572: 8569: 8565: 8560: 8557: 8553: 8548: 8545: 8544: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8531: 8526: 8523: 8522: 8519: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8502: 8499: 8498: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8487: 8486:Habsburg myth 8484: 8483: 8481: 8477: 8474: 8473: 8472: 8469: 8468: 8466: 8462: 8452: 8449: 8445: 8442: 8441: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8404: 8403: 8400: 8399: 8397: 8395: 8394:United States 8391: 8383: 8382: 8378: 8377: 8376: 8373: 8369: 8366: 8365: 8364: 8361: 8355: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8341: 8338: 8337: 8336: 8333: 8332: 8330: 8328: 8327:Latin America 8324: 8318: 8315: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8301: 8298: 8297: 8296: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8286: 8280: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8268: 8267: 8265: 8261: 8258: 8257: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8244: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8230: 8228: 8227: 8225: 8223: 8219: 8215: 8208: 8204: 8184: 8181: 8180: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8147: 8145: 8143: 8137: 8131: 8130: 8126: 8124: 8123: 8118: 8117: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8099: 8096: 8095: 8094: 8093: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8048: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8035: 8033: 8029: 8023: 8020: 8014: 8009: 8006: 8005: 8002: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7962: 7958: 7951: 7947: 7931: 7928: 7927: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7920:Transnational 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7899: 7896: 7895: 7894: 7891: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7878: 7877: 7874: 7870: 7867: 7866: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7853: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7811: 7810:Decoloniality 7808: 7807: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7792: 7791:Historiometry 7789: 7785: 7784: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7774: 7773: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7761: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7747: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7737: 7736: 7735:Periodization 7733: 7731: 7728: 7727: 7724: 7720: 7715: 7711: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7683: 7680: 7679: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7650: 7649: 7648: 7645: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7632: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7609: 7608: 7604: 7603: 7602: 7599: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7576: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7566: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7548: 7545: 7544: 7542: 7538: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7521:Sigillography 7519: 7517: 7516:Prosopography 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7495: 7492: 7491: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7448: 7445: 7444: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7429: 7426: 7423: 7419: 7415: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7405: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7393:Local history 7391: 7387: 7386:Human history 7384: 7383: 7382: 7381:World history 7379: 7377: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7354: 7350: 7334: 7331: 7330: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7302: 7299: 7298: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7233: 7231: 7227: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7208: 7207: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7188: 7184: 7177: 7176: 7172: 7170: 7169: 7165: 7163: 7162: 7158: 7156: 7155: 7151: 7150: 7147: 7146: 7142: 7138: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7128: 7127: 7126: 7122: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7106: 7101: 7099: 7094: 7092: 7087: 7086: 7083: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7026: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7010: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6994: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6960: 6958: 6956: 6952: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6866: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854:Chronological 6851: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6820:Geochronology 6818: 6816: 6813: 6812: 6810: 6806: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6785: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6765: 6763: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6753:Geologic time 6750: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6738:Metonic cycle 6736: 6734: 6733:Galactic year 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6712: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6681: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6674:ISO week date 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6654: 6650: 6644: 6641: 6638: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6605: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6575: 6573: 6569: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6529: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6500: 6498: 6496: 6492: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6454: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6427: 6426: 6423: 6420: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6380:Byzantine era 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6351: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6341: 6339: 6337: 6336:Calendar eras 6333: 6330: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6311: 6308: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6290: 6287: 6286: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6249: 6244: 6242: 6237: 6235: 6230: 6229: 6226: 6214:(2013 series) 6213: 6212: 6208: 6207: 6205: 6201: 6195: 6194:Graeme Snooks 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6174:Eric Chaisson 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6134: 6128: 6124: 6120: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6101: 6100: 6095: 6091: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6022: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5970: 5965: 5963: 5958: 5956: 5951: 5950: 5947: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5897: 5893: 5890: 5886: 5883: 5879: 5876: 5872: 5869: 5866:Sagan, Carl. 5865: 5862: 5858: 5855: 5851: 5848: 5844: 5841: 5837: 5834: 5830: 5827: 5823: 5820: 5816: 5813: 5809: 5806: 5802: 5799: 5795: 5792: 5788: 5785: 5781: 5778: 5774: 5771: 5767: 5764: 5760: 5759: 5748: 5744: 5741: 5737: 5734: 5730: 5727: 5723: 5720: 5716: 5713: 5709: 5706: 5702: 5699: 5695: 5692: 5688: 5685: 5681: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5667: 5664: 5660: 5657: 5653: 5650: 5646: 5643: 5639: 5636: 5632: 5629: 5625: 5622: 5618: 5615: 5611: 5608: 5604: 5601: 5597: 5594: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5580: 5577:Davis, Mike. 5576: 5573: 5569: 5566: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5552: 5549: 5545: 5542: 5538: 5535: 5532:Bayly, C. A. 5531: 5528: 5524: 5521: 5517: 5516: 5505: 5502: 5498: 5495: 5491: 5488: 5485: 5482: 5479: 5475: 5472: 5468: 5465: 5462: 5459: 5455: 5452: 5448: 5445: 5441: 5438: 5434: 5431: 5427: 5424: 5420: 5417: 5413: 5410: 5406: 5403: 5399: 5396: 5392: 5389: 5385: 5382: 5378: 5375: 5371: 5368: 5364: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5350: 5347: 5343: 5340: 5336: 5333: 5329: 5326: 5322: 5319: 5315: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5295: 5292: 5288: 5285: 5282: 5278: 5275: 5271: 5268: 5264: 5261: 5257: 5254: 5250: 5249: 5238: 5234: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5200: 5197: 5193: 5190: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5176: 5173: 5170: 5166: 5163: 5159: 5156: 5152: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5133: 5129: 5126: 5122: 5119: 5116: 5112: 5109: 5105: 5102: 5098: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5080: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5066: 5063: 5059: 5056: 5052: 5049: 5045: 5042: 5038: 5035: 5031: 5028: 5024: 5021: 5017: 5014: 5010: 5007: 5003: 5000: 4999: 4988: 4984: 4981: 4977: 4974: 4970: 4967: 4963: 4960: 4956: 4953: 4949: 4946: 4942: 4941: 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4165: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4143: 4133:on 2014-02-16 4132: 4128: 4124: 4117: 4115: 4113: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4101: 4099: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4074: 4070: 4064: 4057: 4054: 4048: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4030: 4025: 4018: 4015: 4009: 4002: 3999: 3993: 3985: 3981: 3975: 3968: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3947:0-8135-3733-9 3944: 3940: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3920: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3903:0-674-00987-8 3900: 3896: 3892: 3891: 3884: 3882: 3873: 3871:9780300021462 3867: 3863: 3859: 3852: 3844: 3842:9780080243122 3838: 3834: 3830: 3823: 3816: 3812: 3806: 3800: 3799:0-316-13590-9 3796: 3792: 3791:Little, Brown 3788: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3771:0-394-50294-9 3768: 3764: 3763: 3756: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3723: 3722: 3715: 3708:. p. 63. 3707: 3706: 3698: 3691:. p. 56. 3690: 3689: 3681: 3670: 3669: 3661: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3636: 3629: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3598: 3588:on 2015-06-03 3587: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3570: 3568: 3552: 3548: 3541: 3533: 3531:9789401005876 3527: 3523: 3516: 3508: 3506:9780520950672 3502: 3498: 3491: 3484: 3474: 3473: 3468: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3443: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3420: 3413: 3408: 3401: 3391: 3387: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3346: 3336:on 2012-12-15 3335: 3331: 3327: 3321: 3319: 3310: 3305:|author= 3298: 3291: 3281: 3277: 3276:"I Feel Good" 3270: 3268: 3266: 3257: 3253: 3247: 3239: 3235: 3228: 3221: 3211: 3210: 3205: 3198: 3190: 3184: 3176: 3175: 3170: 3164: 3156: 3150: 3143: 3133: 3132: 3127: 3120: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3099: 3093: 3085: 3079: 3065:on 2013-01-09 3064: 3060: 3059: 3054: 3051:(July 2012). 3050: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3018:September 17, 3014: 3008: 3001: 2999: 2987: 2986: 2981: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2955: 2948: 2940: 2938:9780520235007 2934: 2929: 2928: 2919: 2905: 2901: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2863: 2862: 2857: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2826: 2816: 2812: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2784: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2651: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2627: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2596:Eric Chaisson 2594: 2591: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2582: 2574: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2544: 2535: 2533: 2530: 2525: 2523: 2517: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2495: 2490: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2467: 2464: 2458: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2430: 2425: 2423: 2411: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2391: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2355: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2344:Clive Ponting 2340: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2325:Erich Jantsch 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2304:Preston Cloud 2300: 2297: 2293: 2292: 2287: 2286:Jared Diamond 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2262: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2248:United States 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2225: 2221: 2220: 2214: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2195: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2159:Julian Huxley 2156: 2152: 2151: 2146: 2142: 2141: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2116: 2111: 2104: 2100: 2094:Early efforts 2086: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2050:In 2012, the 2044: 2038: 2036: 2032: 2026: 2024: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2003: 2000:A 2021 book, 1998: 1996: 1991: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1953: 1951: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1930: 1925: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1901: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1883: 1879: 1874: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1853: 1852:Neolithic era 1849: 1845: 1843: 1842:human history 1839: 1835: 1834: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1769: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1753: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1745: 1739: 1737: 1728: 1725: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1637:thermodynamic 1634: 1633:Eric Chaisson 1629: 1627: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1606: 1605: 1604: 1603: 1599: 1596: 1585: 1583: 1578: 1576: 1575:Preston Cloud 1572: 1571:Erich Jantsch 1568: 1567:Hubert Reeves 1564: 1563:Eric Chaisson 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1482: 1475: 1468: 1449: 1445: 1444:Earliest apes 1440: 1435: 1434: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1414: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1394: 1385: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1370: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1350: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1330: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1310: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1290: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1270: 1261: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1246: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1226: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1206: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1186: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1166: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1146: 1136: 1132: 1125: 1120: 1119: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1099: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1079: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1059: 1051: 1040: 1037:Multicellular 1029: 1020: 1011: 1000: 989: 976: 965: 819: 813: 808: 806: 801: 799: 794: 793: 787: 783: 776: 768: 765: 760: 755: 751: 740: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 713:Fritjof Capra 709: 705: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 663:Latin America 658: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 639:anti-humanist 636: 626: 623: 619: 610: 605: 600: 598: 594: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 567: 565: 561: 560: 555: 551: 544: 539: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 484:Ancient Egypt 481: 473: 472:Ancient Egypt 469: 464: 460: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 408: 405: 404: 400: 397: 396: 393: 390: 388: 385: 384: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 358: 357: 353: 350: 349: 345: 342: 341: 337: 334: 333: 329: 326: 323: 322: 318: 315: 314: 306: 304: 300: 296: 292: 288: 283: 281: 277: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 245: 244:billion years 240: 234: 230: 225: 215: 212: 197: 194: 186: 176: 172: 166: 165: 161: 155: 146: 145: 136: 133: 125: 115: 111: 107: 101: 100: 95:This article 93: 84: 83: 78: 76: 69: 68: 63: 62: 57: 52: 43: 42: 37: 33: 19: 16964:Time capsule 16958:Tempus fugit 16956: 16878:Other fields 16577: 16558:Perdurantism 16480:Calendar era 16474: 16432: 16425: 16411:Cuckoo clock 16348:astronomical 16322: 16148:Unit of time 16079:Key concepts 15780: 15582:The Simpsons 15580: 15527:Other topics 15475: 15452:Christianity 15442:Resurrection 15073:Adolf Hitler 14902:Six-Day War 14898:Algerian War 14869: / 14828:Vichy France 14820: 14813: 14723: / 14611:World War II 14507: / 14174: 14167: 13969:Ghaza thesis 13892: 13868: 13854:White legend 13852: / 13850:Black legend 13805:Soviet Union 13695: 13688: 13676: 13639:Great Famine 13616:Indocentrism 13590: 13571: 13564: 13557: 13545: 13491:Grand Siècle 13489: 13470: 13438:Sinocentrism 13299:Ancient Rome 13279: 13137:Aryan Kartli 13135: 12927: 12890: / 12824: 12721:19th century 12719: / 12710: / 12675: 12668: 12667: / 12662: 12638: 12612: / 12586:Black legend 12544:Historiology 12341: / 12329: 12292: 12230:Quantitative 12153: 12149:Intellectual 12115: / 12111: / 12097: / 12095:Anthropology 12049:Phaleristics 12042:preservation 12037:Oral history 11978: / 11964: / 11946:Microhistory 11923: 11721: 11714: 11707: 11700: 11691: 11682: / 11678: 11671: 11619: 11583:Postcolonial 11578:Microhistory 11573:Macrohistory 11232: 11034:The Simpsons 11032: 10979:Other topics 10927: 10904:Christianity 10894:Resurrection 10525:Adolf Hitler 10354:Six-Day War 10350:Algerian War 10321: / 10280:Vichy France 10272: 10265: 10175: / 10063:World War II 9959: / 9626: 9619: 9421:Ghaza thesis 9344: 9320: 9306:White legend 9304: / 9302:Black legend 9257:Soviet Union 9147: 9140: 9128: 9091:Great Famine 9068:Indocentrism 9042: 9023: 9016: 9009: 8997: 8943:Grand Siècle 8941: 8922: 8890:Sinocentrism 8751:Ancient Rome 8731: 8589:Aryan Kartli 8587: 8379: 8342: / 8276: 8173:19th century 8171: / 8162: / 8127: 8120: 8119: / 8114: 8090: 8064: / 8038:Black legend 7996:Historiology 7793: / 7781: 7744: 7682:Quantitative 7605: 7601:Intellectual 7567: / 7563: / 7549: / 7547:Anthropology 7501:Phaleristics 7494:preservation 7489:Oral history 7430: / 7416: / 7398:Microhistory 7375: 7173: 7166: 7159: 7152: 7143: 7134: / 7130: 7123: 6983:Stratigraphy 6928:Uranium–lead 6898:Lichenometry 6696:Winter count 6679:Mesoamerican 6607:Astronomical 6425:Mesoamerican 6410:Sothic cycle 6385:Seleucid era 6370:Bosporan era 6358: / 6348: 6296:Paleontology 6288: 6209: 6122: 6112: 6099:Homo sapiens 6097: 6093: 6079: 6069: 6055: 6045: 6031: 5975: 5915: 5895: 5888: 5881: 5874: 5867: 5860: 5853: 5846: 5839: 5832: 5825: 5818: 5811: 5804: 5797: 5790: 5783: 5776: 5769: 5762: 5746: 5739: 5732: 5725: 5718: 5711: 5704: 5697: 5690: 5683: 5676: 5669: 5662: 5655: 5648: 5641: 5640:Hunt, Lynn. 5634: 5627: 5620: 5613: 5606: 5599: 5592: 5585: 5578: 5571: 5564: 5557: 5547: 5540: 5533: 5526: 5519: 5500: 5499:Wolf, Eric. 5493: 5477: 5470: 5457: 5450: 5443: 5436: 5429: 5422: 5415: 5408: 5401: 5394: 5387: 5380: 5373: 5366: 5359: 5352: 5345: 5338: 5331: 5324: 5317: 5310: 5290: 5280: 5273: 5266: 5259: 5252: 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Retrieved 2814: 2711:Macrohistory 2646:Ian Crawford 2612:, California 2580: 2563: 2549: 2526: 2518: 2513: 2499: 2482: 2475: 2462: 2460: 2453: 2443: 2427: 2419: 2408: 2402: 2392: 2387: 2361: 2352: 2347: 2341: 2328: 2301: 2289: 2288:in his book 2259: 2256:Soviet Union 2251: 2239: 2229: 2217: 2203:Brian Swimme 2199:Thomas Berry 2192: 2170: 2148: 2138: 2130: 2126: 2119: 2076: 2067: 2055: 2049: 2042: 2035:Stelliferous 2028: 2019: 2010:astrobiology 2006:Ian Crawford 2004:, edited by 2001: 1999: 1992: 1973: 1965:recent years 1954: 1941:gene mapping 1934: 1929:gene mapping 1919:Other themes 1908: 1906: 1902: 1887: 1833:Homo sapiens 1831: 1822: 1748: 1742: 1740: 1732: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1663: 1659: 1657: 1630: 1622: 1614: 1608: 1600: 1591: 1579: 1555:astrobiology 1520: 1500:astrobiology 1490: 1260:Solar System 974:Reionization 746: 687:spirituality 659: 643:Sam Wineburg 635:Frank Furedi 632: 625:variations. 614: 569: 557: 546: 543:interesting. 541: 512:anthropology 477: 433:civilization 414: 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10889:Historicity 10867:Historicity 10857:Jane Austen 10837:The Beatles 10807:Netherlands 10768: [ 10765:Zhuge Liang 10756: [ 10744: [ 10741:Yuan Shikai 10712: [ 10709:Sun Yat Tse 10688: [ 10651: [ 10614: [ 10602: [ 10599:Jiang Zemin 10570: [ 10558: [ 10550:Che Guevara 10283: [ 10218:Pacific War 10002:Article 231 9992:Reparations 9969: [ 9933: [ 9910:Color books 9899:World War I 9883: [ 9860:War of 1812 9765: [ 9748: [ 9733:(1792–1815) 9704:Sea Peoples 9689:Gallic Wars 9391: [ 9379: [ 9366:Revisionist 9355: [ 9346:Reconquista 9336: [ 9328:Inquisition 9322:Convivencia 9246: [ 9234: [ 9206: [ 9103:Revisionism 9028: [ 8976: [ 8964: [ 8952: [ 8933: [ 8875:Golden ages 8844: [ 8841:Wunu School 8836:Archaeology 8709:Switzerland 8692:Kosovo Myth 8680:Great Union 8661: [ 8646:Philippines 8629:Nationalist 8602:Ages of Man 8574: [ 8562: [ 8550: [ 8528: [ 8516: [ 8352: [ 8349:Revisionist 8241: [ 8178:Renaissance 8043:Coloniality 8011: [ 7999: [ 7991:Historicity 7915:Revisionist 7905:Pop history 7876:Nationalist 7850: [ 7795:Cliometrics 7763:Approaches, 7719:Methodology 7615:Linguistics 7565:Environment 7531:Vexillology 7454:Diplomatics 7437:Chorography 7376:Big History 7328:War diaries 7301:Illuminated 7296:Manuscripts 7281:Hieroglyphs 7161:historicity 6923:Radiocarbon 6598:Dual dating 6457:Regnal year 6435:Short Count 6375:Bostran era 6356:Anno Domini 6289:Big History 6269:Archaeology 6211:Big History 6113:Agriculture 6084:abiogenesis 6064:dying stars 6005:Time scales 5976:Big History 5414:Man, John. 4855:Ussher, J. 4084:Spier, F., 3759:Sagan, C., 2463:Big History 2113:Astronomer 2077:Big History 2031:web browser 1995:Singularity 1967:during the 1937:archaeology 1848:agriculture 1779:dying stars 1547:cosmography 1508:astronomers 1049:Vertebrates 791:This box: 675:biomimetics 593:Mesopotamia 564:polemically 508:archaeology 480:Renaissance 468:agriculture 419:, from the 417:time scales 330:to present 303:Renaissance 278:to explore 267:time frames 251:Big History 18:Big history 16676:Chronemics 16651:Kalachakra 16563:Presentism 16548:Eternalism 16454:Chronology 16392:mechanical 16343:Main types 16261:Main types 16025:Multimedia 15844:Technology 15808:Urreligion 15711:Kharijites 15662:Background 15330:Historical 15301:Zhou Enlai 15196:Mao Zedong 15191:Louis Riel 14964:Background 14815:Guilty Men 14757:Uniqueness 14680:Background 14675:Winter War 14599:Background 14532:Versailles 14386:Great Game 14033:Ricardians 14028:Tudor myth 13746:Partitions 13339:Succession 12629:Narratives 12614:Presentism 12570:Philosophy 12390:Humanistic 12278:Case study 12210:Indigenous 12188:Diplomatic 12132:Capitalism 12032:Onomastics 11990:Chronology 11819:Facsimiles 11804:Chronicles 11702:historians 11673:Historians 11593:Postmodern 11536:Conceptual 11477:Multimedia 11296:Technology 11260:Urreligion 11163:Kharijites 11114:Background 10782:Historical 10753:Zhou Enlai 10648:Mao Zedong 10643:Louis Riel 10416:Background 10267:Guilty Men 10209:Uniqueness 10132:Background 10127:Winter 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2909:2012-12-13 2867:2012-12-13 2820:2012-12-13 2779:References 2532:Bill Gates 2481:published 2422:Bill Gates 2280:historian 2236:Space Race 2189:Carl Sagan 2147:1844 book 2115:Carl Sagan 2072:H2 network 2043:TechCrunch 2023:ChronoZoom 1859:modern era 1559:Carl Sagan 1523:Heraclitus 1135:black hole 699:complexity 681:, such as 667:decolonial 550:human race 528:prehistory 516:psychology 496:geoscience 380:ChronoZoom 285:Historian 160:neutrality 106:improve it 61:improve it 16932:Leap year 16849:Spacetime 16723:Yesterday 16624:Dreamtime 16598:Mythology 16485:Deep time 16397:stopwatch 16372:hourglass 16353:astrarium 16283:Gregorian 16276:Lunisolar 16253:Calendars 16243:Time zone 16116:standards 15813:Perennial 15602:Economics 15554:Feudalism 15340:Australia 15088:Aurangzeb 15064:Political 15054:By person 14735:Pius Wars 14530:Treaty of 14189:conflicts 13996:Poor Laws 13859:Hispanism 13736:Sarmatism 13566:Sonderweg 13324:Expansion 13049:Litvinism 12883:Argentina 12717:Long 18th 12600:Dark Ages 12380:Historism 12178:Political 12117:Geography 12054:Philology 12017:Genealogy 12012:Epigraphy 11955:By source 11794:Artifacts 11265:Perennial 11054:Economics 11006:Feudalism 10792:Australia 10540:Aurangzeb 10516:Political 10506:By person 10187:Pius Wars 9982:Treaty of 9641:conflicts 9448:Poor Laws 9311:Hispanism 9188:Sarmatism 9018:Sonderweg 8776:Expansion 8501:Litvinism 8335:Argentina 8169:Long 18th 8052:Dark Ages 7832:Historism 7630:Political 7569:Geography 7506:Philology 7469:Genealogy 7464:Epigraphy 7407:By source 7246:Artifacts 7055:Year zero 7035:Chronicle 6978:Seriation 6913:Lead–lead 6787:Standards 6768:Deep time 6728:Ephemeris 6614:Lunisolar 6578:Gregorian 6571:Gregorian 6532:Calendars 6495:Era names 6465:Anka year 6344:Human Era 6274:Astronomy 6123:Modernity 6105:Stone Age 6040:cosmogony 6015:Modernity 6000:Deep time 5325:The Incas 4865:The Earth 4374:241407141 4332:Evolution 3646:0362-4331 3297:cite news 3149:cite news 2675:Deep time 2510:Australia 2261:Earthrise 2219:Earthrise 2060:dinosaurs 1913:emergence 1827:ancestors 1819:evolution 1811:evolution 1747:entitled 1736:biosphere 1695:supernova 1557:program. 1504:Milky Way 1129:Earliest 963:Dark Ages 735:of their 733:worldview 729:Argentina 708:ayahuasca 704:shamanism 588:dystopian 584:Stone Age 576:antelopes 524:economics 520:sociology 500:chemistry 492:astronomy 449:humankind 425:modernity 295:cosmology 257:from the 171:talk page 110:verifying 67:talk page 17017:Category 16992:Category 16740:Time in 16731:Tomorrow 16593:Religion 16533:Duration 16500:Timeline 16434:Timeline 16233:Sidereal 16101:Eternity 16015:Category 15930:template 15644:Religion 15495:Socrates 15410:Muhammed 15332:rankings 15213:Napoleon 15031:Category 14849:Cold War 14752:Slovakia 14339:Waterloo 14208:Crusades 14153:Military 14001:Scotland 13959:Kemalist 13281:Nam tiến 13276:Vietnam 13266:Ukraine 13224:Romania 13206:Portugal 13132:Georgia 13107:Medieval 13056:Bulgaria 13045:Belarus 13030:Austria 12836:Americas 12804:Morocco 12800:Ethiopia 12579:Specific 12502:Concepts 12407:Leninist 12365:Feminist 12353:Critical 12200:Feminism 12173:Military 12127:Business 12122:Economic 12104:Cultural 12088:By topic 12074:Toponymy 12022:Heraldry 11970:template 11917:By scale 11839:Logbooks 11824:Features 11789:Archives 11588:Politics 11546:Economic 11541:Cultural 11467:Category 11382:template 11096:Religion 10947:Socrates 10862:Muhammed 10784:rankings 10665:Napoleon 10483:Category 10301:Cold War 10204:Slovakia 9791:Waterloo 9660:Crusades 9605:Military 9453:Scotland 9411:Kemalist 8733:Nam tiến 8728:Vietnam 8718:Ukraine 8676:Romania 8658:Portugal 8584:Georgia 8559:Medieval 8508:Bulgaria 8497:Belarus 8482:Austria 8288:Americas 8256:Morocco 8252:Ethiopia 8031:Specific 7954:Concepts 7859:Leninist 7817:Feminist 7805:Critical 7652:Feminism 7625:Military 7579:Business 7574:Economic 7556:Cultural 7540:By topic 7526:Toponymy 7474:Heraldry 7422:template 7369:By scale 7291:Logbooks 7276:Features 7241:Archives 7050:Timeline 6888:Ice core 6761:Concepts 6508:Japanese 6440:Tzolk'in 6405:Egyptian 6056:Elements 6036:Big Bang 6032:Creation 5085:678–715. 4559:Archived 4237:19 April 4210:19 April 3897:, 2001. 3833:Pergamon 3793:, 1981, 3238:Archived 2657:See also 2469:— 2432:— 2413:— 2397:and the 2376:Big Bang 2342:In 1991 2296:Eurasian 2270:Apollo 8 2234:and the 2232:Cold War 2137:'s book 2040:— 1894:hydrogen 1824:hominine 1759:and the 1757:Big Bang 1705:to form. 1660:absolute 737:ancestor 725:Colombia 453:universe 445:patterns 421:Big Bang 364:Coursera 328:Big Bang 269:using a 259:Big Bang 229:Big Bang 164:disputed 17002:Commons 16925:Related 16839:Instant 16829:Chronon 16811:Physics 16751:Geology 16742:science 16614:Destiny 16459:History 16427:History 16382:sundial 16365:quantum 16308:Chinese 16298:Islamic 16208:Decimal 16203:Chinese 16165:systems 16091:Present 15950:Related 15840:Science 15485:Madonna 15457:Judaism 15420:Judaism 15252:Saladin 15142:Hypatia 15066:leaders 14990:Related 14943:Origins 14906:Origins 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6284:History 6279:Geology 6203:Related 6070:Planets 6062:inside 5089:640–77. 4665:, 2015. 3941:, 2004 3556:21 June 3174:YouTube 2728:History 2608:of the 2380:present 2378:to the 2306:of the 2254:in the 2246:in the 2105:in 1843 2068:Mankind 2064:mammals 1980:tobacco 1909:optimum 1821:of our 1787:animals 1777:inside 1664:density 1653:entropy 1437:← 1417:← 1397:← 1373:← 1353:← 1333:← 1313:← 1293:← 1273:← 1249:← 1229:← 1209:← 1189:← 1169:← 1149:← 1122:← 1102:← 1082:← 1062:← 948:– 938:– 928:– 918:– 908:– 898:– 888:– 878:– 868:– 858:– 848:– 838:– 828:– 721:Ecuador 620:of the 580:cavemen 504:physics 488:biology 429:farming 263:present 261:to the 255:history 104:Please 16942:Moment 16937:Memory 16789:period 16377:marine 16360:atomic 16335:Clocks 16293:Hebrew 16288:Julian 16223:Metric 16096:Future 15576:Salons 15378:Others 15345:Canada 14979:Causes 14916:Causes 14891:Causes 14685:Spirit 14619:Causes 14589:Causes 14454:Causes 14423:Causes 14396:Causes 14374:Causes 14305:Causes 14052:Empire 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