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A criminal first had to compensate the victim for the material losses (the stolen object was usually not returned to the victim, but transferred to the court). The code devoted special attention to this issue. Then criminal was subject to the actual punishment. There were four types of punishments:
296:. The code differed from privileges previously issued by the Grand Duke because the code granted no new rights to the nobility. Judging from the content, the code was intended for the nobility and landowners, who received Casimir's privilege in 1447 to try
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from another noble). The nobility was to be tried and sentenced by the Grand Duke and the
Council of Lords. Civil disputes between nobles were to be decided by the third-party judges. Peasants dependent on the Grand Duke were to be tried by
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The code prescribed various punishments for crimes and some court procedures. It dealt only with crimes against property (theft and robbery). The code primarily dealt with common thieves, but also addressed crimes by the
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the stolen object was confiscated for the benefit of the court; if the object was not available, it was replaced by other compensation of equal value; flogging and putting into
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321:, the original document did not survive, but several copies are known from the end of 15th and beginning of the 16th centuries. The document was first published in 1826 by
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310:. The document also did not specify the effective date or territory. Historians believe that the code was in effect in entire Lithuania up to the first
363:(high-ranking supervisors of royal estates), while those dependent on other dukes and nobles – by the nobles themselves or their appointed officials.
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The date or the circumstances when the code was adopted are unknown. The historians conjured that the most probable date is
February 1468 when the
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Andriulis, Vytautas; Mindaugas
Maksimaitis; Vytautas Pakalniškis; Justinas Sigitas Pečkaitis; Antanas Šenavičius (2002).
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by modern historians. The original code was not divided into articles; modern historians have identified 25 articles.
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and limited court procedures. Much of the legal system was left uncodified and was governed by customs.
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of 1529 even though no court cases are known that referenced the code.
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Original text of the
Casimir's Code (in old Belarusian)
302:, a class of dependent people that eventually became
532:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Justitia. pp. 83–93.
469:(in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Justitia. pp. 50–52.
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Lituvos Didžiosios
Kunigaikštystės teisės šaltiniai
429:. Nauji horizontai: dinastija, visoumenė, valstybė
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424:Petrauskas, Rimvydas; Jūratė Kiaupienė (2009).
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431:(in Lithuanian). Vol. IV.
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490:Burinskaitė, Kristina (2005).
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261:. It was the first attempt to
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465:Machovenko, Jevgenij (2000).
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