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1009:, after breakages of the original rope. The Ilminster tunnel was 14 feet (4.3 m) wide, allowing boats travelling in opposite directions to pass, but the tunnels at Lillesdon and Crimson Hill were only wide enough for one boat. However the Crimson Hill Tunnel has a double width "passing area" about halfway through its course to allow passing of the boats from either direction.
1151:. In 1990, South Somerset District Council bought it, and it is now a designated nature reserve. Surrounded by woodland, it provides habitat for over 150 species of birds. The remains of the inclines have survived over 140 years of neglect, as have the three tunnels. Near Lower Farm, a bridge on the Thornfalcon to Creech road is now a
989:
linked the two caissons together, passing round a horizontal drum situated at the top of the incline. Power for the movement of the boats was provided by over-filling the top caisson, the extra weight causing that caisson to descend and the other to rise. Because the majority of traffic passed up the
1111:
in 1853, after which there were discussions with the
Bristol and Exeter Railway and the London and South Western Railway, with a view to building a branch to Chard. A new Chard Railway Company was constituted in 1860, and another company was formed in 1861, to construct a branch from Taunton to
932:
Further changes to the original plans were made above
Ilminster inclined plane, where another tunnel was constructed, enabling the line of the canal to be built at a lower level. A lock was added at Bere Mills, to raise the line by 7 feet (2.1 m) and the length of the Chard incline was
765:
in June 1835, but the act did not allow parts of the canal to be built until tunnelling was well-advanced, and so work on the upper sections did not start until Autumn 1837. Green was replaced as engineer by Sydney Hall from the start of construction, and in view of the problems Green was
745:
carried out a survey in 1831. The route was 13.5 miles (21.7 km) long, but with Chard some 231 feet (70 m) higher than the canal at Creech St
Michael, his plan involved two boat lifts, two inclined planes and two tunnels, and was costed at £57,000. An act of Parliament, the
758:. c. liii) was obtained in June 1834, authorising the raising of £57,000, with an additional £20,000 if required, but local enthusiasm for the scheme was muted and most of the capital was provided by just five men, all of whom were involved in the Bridgwater and Taunton Canal.
646:
to Seaton in Devon. Whitworth was asked to reassess this route in the early 1790s, and again thought it was feasible. The plan was revived in 1793, while another route was suggested in 1794 by Josiah Easton, again passing through Chard.
1005:, with a 25-foot (7.6 m) head, which used 725 cubic feet (20.5 m) of water per minute. Boats were raised 86 feet (26 m) in a wheeled cradle up a slope of 1:10. The cradle was attached to the turbine by a substantial
654:
was asked to survey it in 1810. He advocated a small ship canal, suitable for vessels up to 120 tons. The cost of a barge canal had been estimated at £70,000, but Rennie's estimate for a ship canal was £1.33 million.
964:
constructing their line under the canal at Creech, but the work was finally completed on 24 May 1842. There were immediate benefits to the community, as coal prices fell, but the total cost of construction had been about
658:
One further attempt to build a ship canal took place in 1825, when a canal capable of taking vessels of 200 tons, with a draught of 15 feet (4.6 m) was proposed. 30 locks would have been required, on a canal from
676:
981:
which were 26 by 6.5 feet (7.9 by 2.0 m). The inclines at
Thornfalcon, Wrantage and Ilminster were double-acting inclines, consisting of two parallel tracks, each containing a six-wheeled
1124:
1001:
The incline at Chard Common was quite different, consisting of a single track, with the tub-boats being carried on a cradle with four wheels. Power was supplied by a
Whitelaw and Stirrat
2310:
683:. c. cxcix) was obtained on 6 July 1825, and although subscriptions of over £1.5 million were promised, no further action occurred, with the company disappearing after 1828.
1104:
c. clxxv) obtained in 1847 changed the name of the company to the Chard
Railway Company, but successive plans were thwarted by the inability of the company to repay its debts.
957:
c. x) allowed construction to continue beyond the original seven year limit. The canal opened to
Ilminster on 15 May 1841, and to Dowlish Ford wharfs on 3 February 1842.
1053:
An Act to enable the Chard Canal
Company to convert into a Railway the Portion of the Chard Canal from Creech Saint Michael to Ilminster, all in the County of Somerset.
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and the Chard Canal, so that the L&SWR could not. They paid £5,945 for the Chard Canal, with the takeover and closing of the canal being authorised by the
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638:, in order to avoid the route around Cornwall and Devon. The first which would have connected Chard to the canal network was a scheme surveyed in 1769 by
622:. It was completed in 1842, was never commercially viable, and closed in 1868. The major engineering features are still clearly visible in the landscape.
1871:
945:
c. i) was obtained in March 1840, allowing the company to raise another £80,000 in shares, and to obtain a mortgage for £26,000, while a third act, the
969:
140,000, and as income was only a third of what had been projected, the canal company was never able to meet even the interest payments on its debts.
2296:
994:), considerably more water passed down the incline than up it. However, the system was still more economical than using locks, and a large new
1112:
Chard. The London and South
Western Railway took over the Chard Railway, and the Bristol and Exeter built the branch from Taunton to Chard.
960:
There were delays caused by the rope on the
Wrantage plane breaking, resulting in damage to the caissons, and further delays caused by the
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and stone. Traffic for the first three years rose from 25,835 tons to 33,284 tons, about two thirds of which was coal or culm (
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Prior to the construction of the canal, there had been several plans over the previous 50 years to build a ship canal from the
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2020:
2001:
1982:
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on the English Channel, passing through Creech St Michael, Ilminster and Chard, at an estimated cost of £1.7 million.
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The 1793 Chard Canal plan was revived in 1809, by now renamed as the English and Bristol Channels Canal, and the engineer
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1959:
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An Act to enable the Chard Canal Company to raise further Monies; and to amend the Act relating to the same Canal.
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c. cxxx). The receivers were discharged in February 1868, and it seems likely that the canal was closed then.
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being completed in 1840. Attempts were made to convert the canal to a railway, and an act of Parliament, the
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increased. Construction costs were much higher than anticipated, and another act of Parliament, the
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In order to prevent competition from the L&SWR, the Bristol and Exeter Railway bought the
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having opened in 1827, there was further initiative to link Chard to it, and
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structure, and the three-arched aqueduct which carried the canal over the
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The Chard reservoir, which was the main supply for the canal, was sold to
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with commissioning his boat lifts, Hall decided to replace the lifts with
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is largely intact, although it no longer has its parapets.
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The canal aqueduct at Wrantage now supports farm buildings
614:, over four aqueducts, through three tunnels and four
2273:
Somerset County Council's Historic Environment Record
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canal, and a boat displaces its own weight in water (
898:
An Act to amend the Acts relating to the Chard Canal.
1922:
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677:English and Bristol Channels Ship Canal Act 1825
143:
1170:invasion defence project ran along the canal.
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2013:Civil Engineering Heritage: Southern England
1291:Junction with Bridgwater and Taunton Canal
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1705:82.5 ft (25.2m), counterbalanced caissons
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151:
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1549:27.5 ft (8.4m), counterbalanced caissons
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2099:
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1991:
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32:The Chard Canal near Lillesdon, Somerset
2278:"Photos of the remains of the inclines"
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2111:
2081:
2029:
1972:
1394:28 ft (8.5m), counterbalanced caissons
2771:
2645:Thorne and Hatfield Moors Peat Canals
2292:
2217:"Canal Bridge, Thornfalcon (1342043)"
2161:
2010:
1861:86 ft (26.2m), single track carriage
2717:Glasgow, Paisley and Johnstone Canal
2189:. Chard Town Council. Archived from
2155:
2490:Ivelchester and Langport Navigation
2284:from the original on 27 April 2019.
1977:. Chichester: Phillimore & Co.
1960:History of the British canal system
1125:Bristol and Exeter Railway Act 1867
13:
2222:National Heritage List for England
523:
200:
14:
2810:
2252:
2257:
2032:Lost canals of England and Wales
1994:The Canals of South West England
1939:
1925:
1041:Parliament of the United Kingdom
1034:
1021:Chard Canal and Railway Act 1846
985:, in which the boats floated. A
886:Parliament of the United Kingdom
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802:Parliament of the United Kingdom
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716:Parliament of the United Kingdom
709:
591:was a 13.5 miles (21.7 km)
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2595:Salisbury and Southampton Canal
2321:waterways of the United Kingdom
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998:supplied the necessary water.
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291:Lower Farm bridge, Thornfalcon
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2799:1842 establishments in England
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2015:. London: Thomas Telford Ltd.
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421:
391:Crimson Hill Tunnel (1800 yd)
222:
1:
2510:Liskeard and Looe Union Canal
2050:
625:
2525:Mersey and Irwell Navigation
1955:Canals of the United Kingdom
1121:Bridgwater and Taunton Canal
972:
937:Chard Canal Company Act 1840
784:Chard Canal Company Act 1840
739:Bridgwater and Taunton Canal
608:Bridgwater and Taunton Canal
402:
210:Bridgwater and Taunton Canal
138:Bridgwater and Taunton Canal
7:
2758:Kidwelly and Llanelly Canal
2625:Stourbridge Extension Canal
1918:
1211:GPX (secondary coordinates)
977:The canal was designed for
10:
2815:
2585:Runcorn to Latchford Canal
2515:London to Portsmouth canal
1992:Hadfield, Charles (1967).
1134:
1012:United Kingdom legislation
962:Bristol and Exeter Railway
861:United Kingdom legislation
777:United Kingdom legislation
691:United Kingdom legislation
686:
663:on the Bristol Channel to
470:Ilminster Tunnel (300 yd)
2740:
2694:
2673:
2430:Dorset and Somerset Canal
2327:
1231:(Links to map resources)
1206:GPX (primary coordinates)
1181:Map all coordinates using
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2580:Runcorn and Weston Canal
2475:Hollingwood Common Canal
2030:Russell, Ronald (1971).
1973:Dunning, Robert (1983).
1189:Download coordinates as:
1063:9 & 10 Vict. c. ccxv
671:produced the survey, an
2610:Sir John Glynne's Canal
351:A378 Wrantage Aqueduct
2365:Beat Bank Branch Canal
1606:Crimson Hill Tunnel S
1554:Crimson Hill Tunnel N
1144:
1098:Chard Railway Act 1847
1084:The main cargoes were
2794:Canals opened in 1842
2570:Rochdale Branch Canal
2530:Newport Pagnell Canal
2425:Donnington Wood Canal
2415:Dearne and Dove Canal
2266:at Wikimedia Commons
2034:. David and Charles.
1996:. David and Charles.
1975:A History of Somerset
1933:United Kingdom portal
1639:Crimson Hill Tunnel S
1587:Crimson Hill Tunnel N
1201:GPX (all coordinates)
1142:
992:Archimedes' principle
2753:Glamorganshire Canal
2712:Forth and Cart Canal
2560:River Sow Navigation
2470:Heywood Branch Canal
2271:Index to photographs
2011:Otter, R.A. (1994).
1107:The canal went into
949:Chard Canal Act 1841
868:Chard Canal Act 1841
855:Chard Canal Act 1834
766:experiencing on the
750:Chard Canal Act 1834
698:Chard Canal Act 1834
606:, that ran from the
251:River Tone aqueduct
2784:History of Somerset
2702:Aberdeenshire Canal
2615:Somerset Coal Canal
1883: /
1831: /
1814:Chard Common Plane
1779: /
1727: /
1675: /
1623: /
1571: /
1519: /
1468: /
1416: /
1364: /
1313: /
1261: /
1117:Grand Western Canal
768:Grand Western Canal
48:(4 inclined planes)
2779:Canals in Somerset
2450:Grand Surrey Canal
2435:Douglas Navigation
1847:Chard Common Plane
1451:Wrantage Aqueduct
1347:Thornfalcon Plane
1296:Ruishton Aqueduct
1145:
612:Creech St. Michael
541:Chard Resr feeder
311:Thornfalcon Plane
271:Ruishton aqueduct
74:Principal engineer
2766:
2765:
2485:Itchen Navigation
2455:Greasbrough Canal
2445:Glastonbury Canal
2405:Coombe Hill Canal
2262:Media related to
2187:"Chard Reservoir"
2041:978-0-7153-5417-9
2022:978-0-7277-1971-3
2003:978-0-7153-4176-6
1984:978-0-85033-461-6
1916:
1915:
1809:7 ft (2.1m) rise
1710:Ilminster Tunnel
1484:Wrantage Aqueduct
1399:Lillesdon Tunnel
1380:Thornfalcon Plane
1329:Ruishton Aqueduct
1244:Taunton Junction
1168:Taunton Stop Line
1129:30 & 31 Vict.
1102:10 & 11 Vict.
1082:
1081:
1029:Act of Parliament
930:
929:
874:Act of Parliament
859:
858:
847:Other legislation
790:Act of Parliament
756:4 & 5 Will. 4
735:
734:
729:4 & 5 Will. 4
704:Act of Parliament
673:act of Parliament
585:
584:
581:
580:
331:Lillesdon Tunnel
231:Railway aqueduct
142:
141:
82:Other engineer(s)
2806:
2732:Stevenston Canal
2722:Inverarnan Canal
2674:Northern Ireland
2605:Shropshire Canal
2600:Shrewsbury Canal
2520:Louth Navigation
2500:Leominster Canal
2480:Horncastle Canal
2370:Blyth Navigation
2313:
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2213:Historic England
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2176:, pp. 72–75
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1784:50.906°N 2.923°W
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1762:Bere Mills Lock
1751:
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1743:Ilminster Tunnel
1739:
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1732:50.921°N 2.914°W
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1680:50.924°N 2.917°W
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1658:Ilminster Plane
1653:1800 yd (1.6km)
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1628:50.982°N 2.964°W
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1601:1800 yd (1.6km)
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1432:Lillesdon Tunnel
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1421:51.006°N 3.004°W
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1277:Taunton Junction
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1266:51.025°N 3.042°W
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555:
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490:Bere Mills Lock
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450:Ilminster Plane
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430:Ilminster Wharf
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2789:Chard, Somerset
2769:
2768:
2767:
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2736:
2690:
2681:Broharris Canal
2669:
2665:Wombridge Canal
2650:Ulverston Canal
2640:Tavistock Canal
2630:Stockport Canal
2590:St Columb Canal
2545:Pidcock's Canal
2460:Grosvenor Canal
2360:Baybridge Canal
2323:
2317:
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2250:
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2193:on 7 March 2012
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1757:300 yd (275m)
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2635:Stover Canal
2540:Oakham Canal
2495:Ketley Canal
2394:
2319:Unnavigable
2256:
2245:, p. 70
2243:Russell 1971
2238:
2226:. Retrieved
2220:
2207:
2195:. Retrieved
2191:the original
2181:
2169:
2157:
2152:, p. 71
2130:
2124:Dunning 1983
2119:
2114:, p. 68
2112:Russell 1971
2107:
2095:
2083:
2071:
2059:
2031:
2012:
1993:
1974:
1966:Bibliography
1866:Chard Basin
1188:
1187:
1180:
1174:Co-ordinates
1166:part of the
1164:World War II
1161:
1149:Lord Poulett
1146:
1114:
1109:receivership
1106:
1083:
1078:16 July 1846
1074:Royal assent
1000:
976:
959:
946:
934:
931:
922:Royal assent
838:Royal assent
760:
747:
736:
657:
649:
629:
588:
586:
561:Chard Basin
510:Chard Plane
15:
2575:Rolle Canal
2505:Leven Canal
2420:Derby Canal
2395:Chard Canal
2264:Chard Canal
1899:Chard Basin
1891: /
1839: /
1787: /
1735: /
1683: /
1631: /
1579: /
1527: /
1476: /
1424: /
1372: /
1321: /
1269: /
1235:OS Grid Ref
1228:Coordinates
926:10 May 1841
743:James Green
652:John Rennie
589:Chard Canal
174:Chard Canal
135:Connects to
119:Start point
106:Date closed
90:Date of act
85:Sydney Hall
77:James Green
21:Chard Canal
2773:Categories
2565:River Tone
2400:City Canal
2162:Otter 1994
2051:References
1897: (
1875:50°52′44″N
1845: (
1823:50°53′10″N
1793: (
1771:50°54′22″N
1741: (
1719:50°55′16″N
1689: (
1667:50°55′26″N
1637: (
1615:50°58′55″N
1585: (
1563:50°59′42″N
1533: (
1511:50°59′38″N
1482: (
1460:50°59′53″N
1430: (
1408:51°00′22″N
1378: (
1356:51°00′43″N
1327: (
1305:51°01′12″N
1275: (
1253:51°01′30″N
1157:River Tone
1090:anthracite
1049:Long title
894:Long title
810:Long title
626:Precursors
130:Bridgwater
2555:River Nar
2340:Aike Beck
2228:10 August
2197:10 August
1910:ST329092
1878:2°57′14″W
1858:ST340100
1826:2°56′13″W
1806:ST351122
1774:2°55′23″W
1754:ST358138
1722:2°54′50″W
1702:ST356142
1670:2°55′01″W
1650:ST324207
1618:2°57′50″W
1598:ST316221
1566:2°58′30″W
1546:ST310220
1514:2°59′02″W
1495:ST308225
1463:2°59′13″W
1443:ST296234
1411:3°00′14″W
1391:ST280241
1359:3°01′34″W
1340:ST271250
1308:3°02′24″W
1288:ST269256
1256:3°02′31″W
1007:wire rope
979:tub-boats
973:Operation
774:instead.
737:With the
731:. c. liii
127:End point
114:Geography
2695:Scotland
2282:Archived
1919:See also
1059:Citation
904:Citation
820:Citation
763:Wrantage
724:Citation
681:6 Geo. 4
661:Stolford
600:Somerset
593:tub boat
56:Derelict
2328:England
1162:During
1135:Remains
983:caisson
687:History
634:to the
604:England
61:History
2038:
2019:
2000:
1981:
1239:Notes
1224:Point
1119:, the
852:Amends
675:, the
183:Legend
53:Status
2741:Wales
1068:Dates
987:chain
916:Dates
832:Dates
620:Chard
596:canal
122:Chard
43:Locks
2230:2011
2199:2011
2036:ISBN
2017:ISBN
1998:ISBN
1979:ISBN
1086:coal
911:c. x
827:c. i
665:Beer
587:The
109:1868
101:1842
93:1834
1196:KML
618:to
610:at
598:in
2775::
2280:.
2219:.
2215:.
2142:^
602:,
2312:e
2305:t
2298:v
2232:.
2201:.
2044:.
2025:.
2006:.
1987:.
1901:)
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1434:)
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1279:)
1127:(
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967:£
953:(
941:(
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166:e
159:t
152:v
46:1
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