1429:
school after Grade 9. Due to the lack of funding, several generations of Franco-Ontarians grew up without formal education, with the dropout rate for francophones high during this period. Franco-Ontarians thus opted for jobs which did not require reading and mathematical skills, such as mining and forestry, and were virtually absent from white collar jobs. Sociologically, it meant that education was not a value transmitted to younger Franco-Ontarians. Further, those that did have higher levels of education often pursue job opportunities in larger cities, particularly Ottawa or even
Montreal, which can create a barrier to economic development in their home communities. As well, even today many students of Franco-Ontarian background are still educated in anglophone schools. This has the effect of reducing the use of French as a first language in the province, and thereby limiting the growth of the Franco-Ontarian community.
1588:. As this was a lower court ruling, it did not affect any other court. However the implication of the decision was that many traffic signs in bilingually designated areas of Ontario would be invalid. It was feared that the ruling would have a similar effect as the Manitoba Language Rights ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada, in this case forcing municipalities to erect new bilingual road signs at great expense and invalidating millions of dollars in existing tickets before the courts. The City of Toronto appealed the ruling. At the appeal hearing both parties asked the court to enter a plea of guilty. A guilty verdict was entered even though no arguments were made by either side on the merits of the case. The situation created a legal vacuum for several years, during which numerous defendants used the bilingual signage argument to fight traffic tickets. The precedent was overturned by the
1410:
1633:
1172:
2459:
to eliminate anglicisms. In addition, the majority of Franco-Ontarians are, out of necessity, functionally or fluently bilingual in
English, a fact that encourages borrowing, as does the fact that the English language has a greater prestige in the province from its being a majority language. Franco-Ontarian communities with a small francophone population tend to have more English-influenced French, and some younger speakers there may feel more comfortable using English than French. On the other hand, the French spoken in French-dominant Ontarian communities (such as Hearst and Hawkesbury), or in those communities near the Quebec border (such as Ottawa), is virtually indistinguishable from Quebec French.
1425:, which limited the use of the French as the primary language of instruction to the first two years of elementary school. However, enforcement of the regulation was abandoned in 1927, when it became apparent to the provincial government that the regulation perpetuated inferior schooling of pupils in the province. Instead, a new policy permitting French-language schools instruction was introduced, with French given legal status in Ontario's education system, and the bilingual University of Ottawa Normal School was officially recognized. The regulation formally remained in the statutes of Ontario until 1944, when the regulations were revised.
2244:, which provided for schools that used English or French as an instructional languages. The use of French as the primary language of instruction was later limited to the first two years of elementary education in Ontario, from 1912 to 1927. In 1927, its enforcement was dropped with the province again permitting French-language instruction past Grade 2. The present public French-language elementary and secondary school system originates from education reforms implemented by the province in 1968. French-language rights for resident elementary and secondary school students in Ontario are afforded through the provincial
1067:
2811:
1741:
3284:
3171:
2314:
2167:
54:
1886:
3360:
2197:
and expensive delays in their judicial proceedings, or been forced to proceed in
English even if they were merely functional but not fluent in the language, due to gaps in the system's ability to actually provide full French services. Acting upon a number of complaints received from the French Language Service Commissioner, the Attorney General of Ontario launched a committee in 2009 to address French language rights in the judicial system.
2217:
153:
1515:
1874:, are nevertheless still subject to the Act. Francophones who live in non-designated areas can also receive French language services by directly contacting the Office of Francophone Affairs in Toronto, or in the nearest designated community. The most recent addition to the list of designated areas is the city of Markham. It was named in June 2015, and after the three-year implementation period provided for by the
1309:
3185:
2561:
911:. However, French settlement into the area remained limited until the 19th century. The late 19th century and early 20th century saw attempts by the provincial government to assimilate the Franco-Ontarian population into the anglophone majority with the introduction of regulations that promoted the use of English over French, for example
2543:
communities, and their shared French
Canadian identity. This resulted in what is sometimes described as a "rupture" between the francophones of Quebec, and the Franco-Ontarian community, who were then forced to re-conceptualize their own cultural identities while being reliant on the federal government, as opposed to Quebec.
2196:
However, in practice the courts function primarily in
English. Francophones in some parts of the province have noted some difficulty in actually accessing French language services, especially in civil litigation matters; for example, francophones in the justice system have sometimes faced unnecessary
2149:
only applies to provincial government services, and does not require services operated by the municipal government to provide bilingual services, although several municipalities have done so at their own discretion. There are presently 44 communities in
Ontario whose municipal government and services
1628:
became the first
Ontario city to pass a bylaw requiring all new businesses to post signs in both official languages. Clarence-Rockland is 60 per cent francophone, and the city council noted that the bylaw was intended to address the existence of both English-only and French-only commercial signage in
1057:
Franco-Ontarians constitute the largest French-speaking community in Canada outside Quebec. According to the province of
Ontario, there are 650,000 Francophones in Ontario, making up 4.6 per cent of the province's population. However, the figure is derived from the province's "Inclusive Definition of
1129:
Franco-Ontarians may be found in all areas of
Ontario. Approximately 43.1 per cent of francophones in province reside in Eastern Ontario, with 268,070 francophones living in that region. Francophones comprise approximately 15.4 per cent of Eastern Ontario's total population. More than 68 per cent of
2646:
was designed by Edward J. Cuhaci, and represents the first homes and the founding of Bytown. The next five monuments, each progressing uphill, highlight business achievements that were crucial to the prosperity of Ottawa economy. The seventh monument, an unfinished granite block, symbolizes future
2542:
identity, believing that the French
Canadian population risked assimilation unless they focused their efforts on saving "the body of the nation," namely Quebec. However, many Franco-Ontarians perceived the refocus in priorities by the Quebec delegation as an abandonment of the other French Canadian
2458:
Due to the large English majority in the province, English loanwords are sometimes used in the informal or slang registers of Franco-Ontarian French. While English loanwords occur to a large extent in many varieties of French in Canada and Europe, there has been more of a conscious effort in Quebec
1149:
However, Northeastern Ontario is the region that has the highest proportion of francophones, with the 122,360 francophone residents of the region making up 22.6 per cent of the region's population. Central Ontario (including the Greater Toronto Area) also has a large population of Franco-Ontarians,
1110:
being born in Ontario; whereas only 39.6 per cent of francophones in Central Ontario were born in the province. 4.5 per cent of francophones in Ontario were born outside Canada. 35 per cent of francophones born outside Canada were born in Africa, while 28 per cent were from Europe, 20 per cent from
1078:
The majority of Franco-Ontarians are bilingual in both French and English; a minority (40,045 respondents in 2016) reported having proficiency in only the French language and limited or no knowledge of English. In the same census, more than 1.52 million Ontarians, or 11.5 per cent of the province's
991:
who worked in Ontario for much of her professional career as a lawyer and judge. As a result, both women have been referred to as "the first Franco-Ontarian Supreme Court justice", although the technically correct practice is to credit Charron, Franco-Ontarian in both senses, with that distinction.
1536:
was passed by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, where it recognized French as a "historic language in Ontario," an official language in its courts and in education, as well as the "desirable use" of French in its provincial institutions including the Legislature. However, the Act itself did not
2546:
The actual depth of this "rupture" has been questioned by academics, as Quebec continues to exert strong cultural influence on francophone minority communities in the rest of Canada. However, it remains a prominent theme in contemporary cultural analysis of French Canadian identities, It is also
1428:
Although the regulation itself was rescinded in 1927, the government did not fund French language high schools. As a result, francophones had to pursue high school education in English, pay tuition to private high schools (which few Franco-Ontarian families could afford), or simply stop attending
938:
in 1986 which recognized the French language as a "historic language of Ontario," and as an official language of the province's education system, judiciary, and legislature. However, the Act did not make the French language an official language in its entirety; with other provincial services only
1473:
in 1968. The following acts introduced public funding for French-language secondary schools, and laid the foundation for the province's present elementary and secondary francophone school system. In 1969, the provincial government established its French-language public educational broadcaster,
3248:, which is available provincewide via mandatory carriage on basic cable or satellite packages and via online streaming; it formerly also transmitted over the air in selected communities with significant francophone populations, but this was discontinued in 2012. In 2003, TFO produced and aired
2658:
monument commemorates the Franco-Ontarian community as well as the contributions the francophone community made to Ontario. The monument was first proposed in 2015. Work on the monument began on 25 September 2017, on Franco-Ontarian day, and was unveiled on the same day the following year. The
1716:
for the creation of the French-language university. After extensive backlash to the announcement, Ford reversed course, announcing that the commissioner position would be retained and that the office of francophone affairs would be restored to a full government ministry. The actions led to one
1489:
was being negotiated between the provincial premiers and the federal government, Robarts agreed that the province would recognize Franco-Ontarians rights to access provincial public service in the French language, and for French-speakers to receive the services of an interpreter, if needed, in
1105:
In 2016, 59.5 per cent of francophones in Ontario were born in the province, while 19.6 per cent originated from Quebec, and 16.4 per cent came from all other provinces or territories in Canada. However, the percentage of those born in the province varies between region, with 85.3 per cent of
2329:
Ontario is home to several public post-secondary institutions that operate either as francophone or as bilingual English and French institutions. There were approximately 21,300 students enrolled in a post-secondary francophone program/institution in Ontario during the 2015–16 academic year.
1062:
who reported French as their mother tongue and respondents whose mother tongue was not French but have proficiency in the language and use it as their primary language at home. Before the introduction of IDF in 2009, a respondent's mother tongue was the main measure used by the government to
1752:
Ford later cancelled funding for the new Francophone university, created by the previous government. However, in September 2019 the provincial and federal governments announced a new funding plan for the creation of the first French language university in the province. The province's first
2432:
dialect. According to Michel Laurier (1989), the semantic and stylistic value of the use of the subjunctive is progressively disappearing. In the article "Le français canadien parlé hors Québec : aperçu sociolinguistique " (1989), Edward Berniak and Raymond Mougeon underline some
3597:
2520:
The concept of Franco-Ontarians as a distinct cultural identity emerged during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Prior to this time, virtually all French Canadians were understood as a single unified cultural group regardless of which province they lived in, with Quebec serving as the
1111:
Asia, and 17 per cent from other countries in the Americas. Francophone immigrants account for 15 per cent of all immigrants into Ontario, and nearly a third of all immigrants into Central Ontario. 17.4 per cent of immigrants to the province between 2011 and 2016 were francophone.
1677:
formally issued an apology on behalf of the government of Ontario to Franco-Ontarians for the passage of Regulation 17, and its harmful impact on its communities. The motion for the government to present an official apology to the Franco-Ontarian community was first presented by
3438:
The following figure is taken from the province's "Inclusive Definition of Francophones," (IDF) which includes those whose mother tongue is French, and those whose mother tongue is not French, but have proficiency in the language, and use French as the primary language at
3141:, and air distinct locally targeted morning shows while operating for the remainder of the day as a shared region-wide simulcast with each station originating some of the common programming. Ottawa francophones are served by the commercial radio stations licensed to
2667:
and François Dubé. The name of the monument, and the Franco-Ontarian flag is also present on the stoned wall bench that surrounds most of the square. Designed by the architectural firm Brooke McIlroy, the cost to construct the monument was approximate C$ 900,000.
1600:
specifically states that municipalities are not required to offer services in French, even in provincially regulated areas such as traffic signage, if the municipality has not specifically passed its own bylaw governing its own provision of bilingual services.
1063:
determined the number of francophones in the province. There were 590,000 Ontarians, or 4.2 per cent of the population, that reported having French as a mother tongue in the 2021 census, making it the most common mother tongue in the province after English.
2387:
that provide bilingual instruction in either English or French. Although these affiliated institutions and schools are bilingual, their parent universities are otherwise considered anglophone institutions. Affiliated institutions that are bilingual include
1672:
On April 26, 2010, the Ontario government designated September 25 as Franco-Ontarian Day. This date was chosen as it represented the anniversary of the official raising of the Franco-Ontarian flag in 1975. On 22 February 2016, premier of Ontario
2265:, which sets the guidelines and curriculum for both its English and French language public school systems. There were 103,490 students enrolled in Ontario's public francophone elementary and secondary schools during the 2015–16 academic year.
2178:
The provincial judicial system is officially bilingual in English and French, with access to a French-speaking justice viewed as a quasi-constitutional right in Ontario. The official languages of the provincial courts was set in s. 125 of the
1651:
In 2009, the government faced controversy during the H1N1 flu pandemic, when it sent out a health information flyer in English only, with no French version published or distributed for the province's francophone residents. In response, MPP
1836:, permitting the provincial government to submit requests to the organization's ministerial conferences, and participate in certain meetings held by the organization. Ontario is one of four governments in Canada that participates in the
1865:
10 percent of the community's total population. Due to the 5,000 population threshold, large cities that are actually overwhelmingly anglophone with only very small francophone populations proportional to the size of the city, such as
1537:
make the province bilingual, instead designating a number of communities where French-speakers constitute a majority or significant minority, as an area where provincial services are required to be provided in French and English.
2659:
stainless steel columns were designed to commemorate Franco-Ontarian contributions in the province's forestry industry, while the surrounding public square was intended to be used as a gathering space. The name of the monument,
2462:
Furthermore, improved access to publicly funded French-language schools and the establishment of bilingual universities and French language community colleges has improved French-language proficiency in younger populations.
1375:
The late 19th century, and early 20th century saw the Ontario government much less supportive of, and often openly hostile toward the Franco-Ontarian community. In an attempt to protect Franco-Ontarian language rights, the
2599:, history professor and Michel Dupuis, first year political science student, both from Laurentian University. It was officially recognized by the Ontario PC government as the emblem of the Franco-Ontarian community in the
2183:, with s. 126 of the same act outlining the specific rights afforded to a French-speaking party. French-language access within Ontario's judicial administrative offices is also required in designated communities under the
2293:
in 1997, with a number of secularized and separate school boards being split and re-consolidated into larger school districts based on language. The re-consolidated French school boards often serve a significantly larger
1362:, the provincial Minister of Education, mandated the requirement of English to be taught in francophone schools for two hours in the first four years of elementary school, and for four hours in its final four years.
1032:
from other francophone countries from the Franco-Ontarian community. Using the first to the exclusion of the second obscures the very real ethno-cultural distinctions that exist between Franco-Ontarians, Québécois,
1620:
and the federal government. Meilleur also expressed the hope that Ontario would someday become a permanent member of the organization. On November 26, 2016, Ontario was granted observer status by La Francophonie.
951:
has two related usages, which overlap closely but are not identical: it may refer to francophone residents of Ontario, regardless of their ethnicity or place of birth, or to people of French Canadian ancestry
3233:, except for local news and advertisements. CBOFT produces a newscast for broadcast only in the Ottawa area, while CBLFT produces another serving the rest of the province. The network formerly also operated
3224:
in Toronto, which previously had rebroadcast transmitters throughout the province but remain available provincewide on basic cable. Both stations carry identical programming directed from Radio-Canada's
3547:"Knowledge of official languages by age (Total), 2016 counts for the population excluding institutional residents of Canada, Ontario and census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations, 2016 Census"
2443:
the transfer of rules from English to French, e.g., "J’ai vu un film sur/à la télévision" which comes from "I saw a film on television", or " Je vais à la maison/chez moi " coming from "I'm going home".
2697:
festival programs a lineup consisting entirely of francophone films, and community groups in many smaller communities offer French film screenings from time to time, sometimes in conjunction with the
2685:
and Montreal, Ottawa and the communities east of it toward Montreal are the only regions in Ontario which have consistent access throughout the year to French-language theatrical films. However,
2345:. The former is based in Sudbury, and operates satellite campuses throughout Ontario; while the latter is based in Ottawa, with a satellite campus in Hawkesbury. A third French-language college,
919:, Franco-Ontarians established themselves as a distinct cultural identity – having only identified as French Canadians before. Francophone rights were furthered in the 1970s as a result of
975:
In popular usage, the first meaning predominates and the second is poorly understood. Although most Franco-Ontarians meet both definitions, there are notable exceptions. For example, although
1007:, are Franco-Ontarian by the second definition but not by the first, since they were born to Franco-Ontarian parents but currently live outside Ontario and work primarily in English. Former
1462:; also resulted in the development of a unique Franco-Ontarian identity, with francophones in Ontario forced to re-conceptualize their identities without relying on francophones in Quebec.
3317:
for carriage by all Canadian cable operators. Where there is sufficient local demand for French-language television, Ontario cable systems may also offer French-language channels such as
2584:
in the middle. The green represents the summer months, while the white represents the winter months. The trillium is the floral symbol of Ontario, while the fleur-de-lys represents the
1957:
The following census divisions (denoted in light blue on the map) are not fully designated areas, but have communities within their borders which are designated for bilingual services:
1452:
The late 1960s saw a schism form between the francophones in Quebec, and the other francophone communities of Canada, notably the francophones in Ontario. The emergence of a separate
2642:, were erected in Ottawa by the francophone community to commemorate francophone contribution to the development and well-being of the city. The first of the series of monuments,
956:
in Ontario, regardless of their primary language or current place of residence. In June 2009, the provincial government expanded the definition of a francophone as a person whose
2352:
There are several publicly-funded universities in Ontario where French is the official instructional language. Universities that operate as francophone institutions includes the
1465:
Recommendations from the Provincial Committee on Aims and Objectives of Education in the Schools of Ontario, and the BĂ©riault Report led to the provincial government passing the
1090:
In 2016, approximately 16.1 per cent of francophone Ontarians identified as a visible minority. More than half of Ontario's francophone visible minority population reside within
2830:
1507:
refused to pay tickets issued in only in English, pressuring the provincial judiciary to act in a bilingual manner. As a result of the protest, the Ontario's Attorney General,
1083:; while 11.2 per cent of the population reported to be bilingual in French and English. However, that figure includes both Franco-Ontarians and Ontarians who speak French as a
1028:
Both meanings can be politically charged. Using the second to the exclusion of the first may be considered offensive to some in that it excludes francophones born in or with
1796:, announced that Franco-Ontarians will be able to request a free replacement driver's licence or Ontario photo card displaying their name using French-language characters.
3314:
2838:
2869:
2854:
2826:
1572:
On October 19, 2004, a Toronto lawyer successfully challenged a "no left turn" traffic ticket on the basis that the sign was not bilingual in accordance with the 1986
347:
4208:
2779:
2249:
291:
4260:
2276:
school systems. As a result, twelve public francophone school boards operate within the province; with four secularized public school boards forming a part of the
4043:
2736:
1689:
introduced a private member's bill to mandate the creation of a fully independent French-language university. Although her bill did not pass, the government of
5091:
1889:
Map of French service areas in Ontario. Dark blue indicates areas designated in their entirety; light blue indicates areas that include designated communities.
3936:
2842:
2791:
2850:
1823:
is the provincial cabinet minister responsible for the Francophone Affairs portfolio. The French language has been recognized as an official language of the
2532:
of 1966 to 1969 radically reshaped the landscape of French Canadian identity. During the Estates General of Canada the Quebec delegation, influenced by the
4427:
3270:— itself, in part, a satire of the Franco-Ontarian community's relative lack of access to local French-language media. In 2012, the production team behind
2151:
601:
2927:
and François Dubé, long considered an unofficial anthem of the Franco-Ontarian community after it was written for a gala to celebrate the passage of the
2718:
1527:
4174:
2834:
1545:
5219:
4108:
2105:
308:
4612:
4151:
1840:, with the federal government of Canada and the provincial governments of New Brunswick and Quebec being full-fledged members of the organization.
3975:
1200:
is often considered the first francophone and European to have arrived in the region in 1610. During this time, most of Ontario formed a part of
5145:
5103:
5069:
5022:
5010:
4986:
4962:
4950:
4938:
4926:
4914:
4640:
1852:
and its other provincial services do not provide English/French bilingual service throughout the entirety of the province. However, the Ontario
1518:
A bilingual gantry sign on a provincially-maintained highway. Access to provincial services in French was mandated for designated areas in 1986.
5618:
3836:
1832:
1497:
A civil disobedience movement made up of Franco-Ontarian wanting to further accessibility rights for French-speakers emerged in 1975, known as
691:
3546:
1490:
Ontario's courts. However, plans to adopt these measures were abandoned after negotiations for the Victoria Charter collapsed. His successor,
1848:
Although French is an official language in Ontario's education system, legislature, and judiciary, the province as a whole is not officially
2547:
evident that by the early 1970s, a uniquely Franco-Ontarian cultural space had emerged with the creation of new institutions and symbols.
1522:
Other departments in the government of Ontario also began to adopt policies of bilingualism, and policies for French services, such as the
1409:
2611:
Franco-Ontarian Day is celebrated on September 25, the anniversary of the first raising of the Franco-Ontarian flag in Sudbury in 1975.
3868:
1704:, including ending the position of the French Language Services Commissioner and transferring its responsibilities to the office of the
1171:
5613:
5411:
4739:
4303:
4224:
2941:, a multidisciplinary arts centre bringing together many of the francophone arts and culture organizations in Sudbury, opened in 2022.
2413:
2349:, formerly operated in Toronto from 1995 to 2002. After the college ceased operations, its programs were taken over by Collège Boréal.
1124:
405:
5086:
4379:
1858:
requires all provincial ministries and agencies to provide French-language services within 26 designated municipalities and regions.
1648:, with the French slogan "Tant à découvrir" in place of "Yours to Discover", as an optional feature for drivers who wished to use it.
5224:
4881:
3617:
1770:
1387:
313:
1819:
is a department of the government of Ontario responsible for the provision of provincial services to the Franco-Ontarian community.
1632:
1494:
instead opted to simply provide legal services in French, with the issuance of bilingual drivers licenses and government documents.
4344:
2357:
1754:
1745:
3029:
1934:
832:
4909:
4758:
2360:. Five other Ontario-based universities are officially bilingual institutions, offering instruction in both English and French,
5255:
4133:
3448:
There are over 1.52 million Ontarians with proficiency in the French language. However, this includes second-language speakers.
1637:
1440:(« cadavres encore chauds ») who had no chance of surviving as a community. In a similar vein, former Quebec Premier
701:
325:
1293:, which provided for schools that used English and French and instructional languages. In 1798, during the final years of the
4714:
4405:
4192:
2221:
4655:
1541:
1286:
4079:
3157:) airs a few hours per week of locally oriented programming, but otherwise simulcasts a commercial station from Montreal.
960:
is French, or a person that has a different mother tongue but still uses French as the primary language at home. The term
5558:
4685:
2690:
2211:
1701:
804:
2858:
4790:
2971:
in Ottawa; due to the increasingly challenging business environment for print newspapers, it moved across the river to
1753:
publicly-funded university that operates solely as a French-language institution was incorporated in April 2018 as the
1278:
4527:
4040:
2825:
Nine professional theatre companies offer French language theatrical productions, including five companies in Ottawa (
5406:
4838:
4497:
4289:
3772:
3199:
2193:, a federal statute, have the right to be tried in either English or French as specified in section 530 of the Code.
784:
400:
3808:
3517:
1530:
in 1980. French was formally made an official language of the provincial judiciary in 1984. In 1986, the provincial
1150:
with 191,375 francophones residing in that region. The remaining regions' Franco-Ontarian populations are 33,555 in
5598:
4318:
2529:
2365:
2295:
2024:
1894:
4774:
3999:
3573:
2286:. In 2016, Ontario's public francophone school boards operated 351 elementary schools, and 104 secondary schools.
1417:, 1916. The regulation was in place from 1912 to 1927, prohibiting French-language instruction in Ontario schools.
901:
The first francophones to settle in Ontario did so during the early 17th century, when most of it was part of the
5608:
5603:
3911:
3734:
2932:
2619:
2262:
1824:
1816:
1789:
1709:
1661:
1377:
17:
4435:
4585:
4558:
3785:
2975:
in 2019 to take advantage of Quebec government funding assistance, but continues to cover Ottawa-related news.
2846:
1277:
was negotiated in 1763, New France was ceded to the British. Present day Ontario was governed as a part of the
939:
made available in French in designated communities and regions with a significant Franco-Ontarian population.
3083:(CJBC-FM-1) and Windsor (CJBC-FM-2), with an additional transmitter licensed but not yet launched in Timmins.
1298:
1049:
can only be fully understood by recognizing both meanings and understanding the distinctions between the two.
886:, there were 650,000 Francophones in the province. The majority of Franco-Ontarians in the province reside in
5396:
4874:
4460:
3707:
2998:
2134:
2037:
1227:
964:
is used sometimes to distinguish French-speaking Ontarians, while the general term for Ontarian in French is
390:
3333:, although these channels only have discretionary status outside Quebec and are typically offered only on a
2701:
touring program of Quebec films. Francophone films also air on TFO, Radio-Canada and cable channels such as
2698:
5059:
3190:
3176:
2949:
2576:
consists of two bands of green and white. The left portion has a solid light green background with a white
2389:
1854:
1532:
1523:
934:
3042:
1861:
An area is designated as a French service area if the francophone population is greater than 5,000 people
1748:. Established in 2018, the institution was the first stand-alone francophone university opened in Ontario.
5064:
4242:
4016:
3956:
2799:
1734:
1712:
from a full ministry to a government office, and cancelling funding announced by the prior government of
1557:
1022:
825:
205:
1580:
ruled that the traffic sign was not a municipal service, but instead was regulated under the provincial
5376:
5173:
4830:
3972:
3213:
2062:
2054:
1807:
using Laurentian's degree-granting authority, was chartered as a fully independent university in 2021.
696:
370:
259:
210:
2346:
1540:
The following legislation saw pushback from several anglophone Ontario towns and cities, most notably
1315:
in 1888. The community saw an influx of francophone migrants with the discovery of nickel in the area.
5429:
5193:
5133:
4532:
4138:
3657:
3302:
2651:
2015:
1235:
430:
279:
240:
2865:
2818:
5240:
5214:
5120:
4867:
3346:
3086:
Non-profit francophone community stations exist in several communities, including Penetanguishene (
2938:
2187:. Francophone linguistic rights are further reinforced for criminal cases as those tried under the
2121:
2113:
1657:
1390:. However, French Canadian migration throughout Ontario continued, with sawmills and papermills in
1332:
1130:
francophones that live in Eastern Ontario reside in its Champlain region, an area that encompasses
1008:
988:
493:
352:
303:
230:
2978:
Several other communities in Ontario are served by francophone community weekly papers, including
2298:
than an English-language school board in the province, due to the smaller francophone population.
1556:
debate. This was considered by many observers to be a direct contributor to the resurgence of the
1481:
Following the advice of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, Ontario's premier
1066:
1045:
majority that the community faces. As a result, the complex political and sociological context of
1038:
2751:
2509:
2125:
2117:
1971:
1589:
980:
4807:
3145:, and many other Eastern Ontario communities are within the broadcast range of the Gatineau and
2353:
1800:
5188:
5183:
5178:
4812:
3016:
2980:
2952:
is an art museum whose collections and exhibitions are centred around Franco-Ontarian artists.
2189:
1849:
1660:
in May 2011 to have the provincial Commissioner of French Language Services report to the full
1561:
1383:
1382:(ACFÉO) was formed in 1910, who typically opposed the English-only initiatives launched by the
1274:
1239:
818:
274:
269:
264:
172:
136:
4487:
4209:"Franco-Ontarian flag flies over Montreal city hall as Ford softens stance on French services"
4062:
1018:
and an anglophone mother, although many Canadians consider him a Quebecer as he represented a
5486:
5368:
5347:
5209:
5027:
3400:
3378:
3276:
3114:
stations air one or two hours per week of French-language programming as well, although only
2897:
2889:
2810:
2538:
2409:
2405:
2373:
2361:
2075:
1980:
1975:
1804:
1740:
1454:
883:
871:
779:
623:
549:
296:
2783:
1270:. However, European settlement into the region remained largely limited during this period.
1197:
2743:
2573:
2369:
2342:
2318:
2083:
2067:
1944:
1726:
1155:
1151:
1107:
1095:
1071:
1059:
1041:
and other Canadian francophone communities, and the pressures toward assimilation into the
891:
95:
58:
3330:
3306:
3283:
3027:, which was launched in 1858 as the province's first francophone newspaper, and Sudbury's
2905:
2580:
in the middle, while the right portion has a solid white background with a stylized green
1882:
is conducted through the office of the provincial French Language Services Commissioner.
8:
5260:
4641:"Jour des Franco-Ontariens : Pas de cérémonie officielle à Queen's Park cette année"
4489:
Le subjonctif dans le parler franco-ontarien : un mode en voie de disparition ?
3203:
3150:
2393:
2338:
2129:
2071:
1499:
1359:
1135:
921:
676:
416:
330:
2986:
972:
follows the convention that a francophone minority is referred to with endings of -ois.
898:, although small francophone communities may be found in other regions of the province.
5476:
5450:
5125:
4931:
4598:
4179:
3574:"Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Ontario [Province]"
3138:
3080:
2759:
2732:
2615:
2475:, or AFO, which coordinates many of the community's cultural and political activities.
2384:
1984:
1923:
1778:
1730:
1605:
1441:
1302:
1262:
in Detroit, led to the development of Petite CĂ´te, a permanent settlement south of the
1259:
926:
613:
451:
235:
4656:"Edward J Cuhaci and Associates Architects Inc - Monument de la francophonie d'Ottawa"
2755:
2498:. Many Franco-Ontarians also enjoy late night feasts/parties on Christmas Eve, called
2150:
are bilingual in English and French. Most of these are communities are members of the
1803:, which teaches entirely in French and for decades operated as a federated college of
1640:. The province introduced French plates in 2008 as an alternate to its English plates.
1266:. The settlement was the first permanent settlement in Ontario, and eventually became
5527:
5507:
5502:
5386:
5248:
5081:
5003:
4834:
4554:
4493:
3768:
3601:
2909:
2702:
2269:
2171:
2109:
2079:
2058:
2001:
1988:
1918:
1907:
1820:
1793:
1774:
1705:
1625:
1553:
1294:
1247:
1206:
1185:
1143:
1131:
1015:
1004:
929:
movement that pressured several provincial departments to adopt bilingual policies.
903:
761:
721:
714:
661:
649:
596:
576:
571:
380:
340:
2596:
1686:
1653:
1323:/Ontario did not accelerate until the second half of the 19th century, farmers from
5522:
5517:
5457:
5443:
5436:
5416:
5354:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5278:
5157:
4229:
4175:"Doug Ford backtracks after days of backlash over cuts to francophone institutions"
3458:
3416:
3396:
3392:
3373:
3170:
2901:
2787:
2533:
2334:
2322:
2229:
2138:
1997:
1992:
1967:
1939:
1486:
1459:
1403:
1344:
1267:
1231:
1223:
1211:
1042:
916:
879:
751:
671:
591:
586:
535:
528:
507:
486:
466:
458:
444:
437:
410:
116:
5580:) can be considered as separate (ethnically) or French migration (by nationality).
5340:
4626:
3412:
3313:
are available on all Ontario cable systems, as these channels are mandated by the
2775:
2603:
of 2001. In September 2020, the flag was made an official emblem of the province.
2236:
Legislation on educational instruction in the French language was first passed in
1765:
On September 21, 2020, Legislative Assembly of Ontario passed an amendment to the
1721:, leaving his caucus to sit as an independent. During this period, governments in
1485:
made French an official language of the provincial legislature in 1970. While the
639:) can be considered as separate (ethnically) or French migration (by nationality).
542:
5401:
5391:
5333:
5326:
5150:
5108:
4943:
4890:
4261:"There's light at the end of the tunnel for Ontario's French-language university"
4243:"Queens Park, Ottawa reach 'understanding' on funding French-language university"
4047:
3979:
3404:
3388:
2893:
2873:
2814:
2795:
2747:
2728:
2622:
to have Franco-Ontarian Day officially recognised by the province. The bill, the
2585:
2479:
2429:
2401:
2397:
2377:
2273:
2225:
2096:
2019:
2010:
2006:
1912:
1902:
1679:
1609:
1433:
1395:
1348:
1312:
1099:
1091:
1084:
1080:
895:
887:
849:
756:
746:
739:
726:
681:
666:
556:
521:
395:
385:
190:
108:
91:
87:
3293:, one of several programs of the French language provincial public broadcaster,
3067:, Radio-Canada's arts and culture network, currently broadcasts only in Ottawa (
1251:
1176:
5512:
5042:
4979:
4919:
4083:
3365:
3256:
3226:
2861:). There are also numerous community theatre groups and school theatre groups.
2771:
2693:
include francophone films in their annual festival programs, the Toronto-based
2565:
2487:
2313:
2302:
2050:
1885:
1713:
1690:
1674:
1336:
1243:
1120:
1070:
Proportion of Ontarians who declared French as their only mother tongue in the
976:
686:
581:
4613:"25 septembre, Jour des Franco-Ontariens et des Franco-Ontariennes en Ontario"
3041:
On radio, the Franco-Ontarian community is served primarily by Radio-Canada's
3010:
2706:
1242:
established a number of fortifications and garrisons in the region, including
1210:
region; with most of the European inhabitants in the region at the time being
5592:
5052:
4998:
4974:
3764:
3334:
3326:
2885:
2767:
2495:
2425:
2268:
In addition to language, public education in Ontario is also split between a
2100:
2092:
2088:
2028:
1718:
1645:
1617:
1422:
1414:
1331:
began to migrate in search of fertile land in Eastern Ontario, and along the
1263:
1029:
1000:
984:
957:
912:
656:
176:
144:
2694:
2424:
The dialects of French spoken in Ontario are similar to, but distinct from,
2408:, an institution federated with the University of Ottawa. Additionally, the
5074:
5015:
4955:
4572:
4156:
3656:
Sylvestre, Paul-françois; Cooper, Celine; Dupuis, Serge (October 7, 2019).
3266:
3111:
2877:
2627:
2577:
2472:
2258:
2237:
1963:
1878:, officially became a bilingual service centre in 2018. Enforcement of the
1511:
authorized the first French-language provincial court proceeding in 1976.
1508:
1482:
1282:
70:
2931:
in 1986, was legally designated as the community's official anthem by the
2588:
heritage of the Franco-Ontarian community. The green color on the flag is
2505:
2500:
2471:
The primary cultural organization of the Franco-Ontarian community is the
1897:(denoted in dark blue on the map) are designated areas in their entirety:
5361:
4991:
4967:
4904:
4686:"Notre Place : la francophonie en acier et en béton au centre-ville"
3462:
3408:
3063:
2992:
2924:
2920:
2763:
2664:
2166:
2041:
1871:
1613:
1391:
1324:
1320:
1011:
514:
4791:"Quebec Superior Court decision stirs mixed feelings for Le Droit staff"
4715:"Une forêt stylisée en hommage aux Franco-Ontariens devant Queen's Park"
2686:
979:
was the first native-born Franco-Ontarian appointed to the bench of the
5138:
5096:
3004:
2724:
1702:
several government cutbacks that impacted the Franco-Ontarian community
1491:
1340:
1201:
1190:
996:
908:
245:
218:
53:
4109:"Kathleen Wynne apologizes formally for 1912 ban on French in schools"
1830:
In 2016, the government of Ontario was granted observer status to the
1757:, expecting to accept its first cohort of full-time students in 2021.
5381:
5115:
4854:
4759:
La chanson «Notre Place» reconnue hymne officiel des Franco-Ontariens
4550:
4409:
3813:
3250:
3245:
3050:
1785:
1697:
1215:
1183:), c. 1750s. The fort was one of several French fortification in the
375:
225:
200:
124:
2279:
Association des conseils scolaires des Ă©coles publiques de l'Ontario
2216:
1301:
led a small group of royalists from France to settle lands north of
5553:
5481:
5284:
4794:
4746:
4246:
4196:
4003:
3383:
3322:
3230:
3221:
3217:
3146:
3142:
2972:
2967:
2682:
2581:
2321:
campus in Ottawa. The institution is one of two public Francophone
2301:
In addition to public elementary and secondary school, a number of
2045:
1146:(all of which are adjacent to or near the Ontario-Quebec border).
1034:
1019:
799:
618:
472:
4859:
2278:
1644:
In 2008, the provincial government officially introduced a French
1436:
once controversially referred to the Franco-Ontarian community as
5577:
5548:
5543:
5032:
4778:
4599:"Jour des Franco-Ontariens : Toronto va finalement célébrer"
4212:
3310:
3289:
3154:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3115:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3054:
3046:
2881:
2589:
2522:
2032:
1950:
1867:
1781:. It received royal assent and became law on September 24, 2020.
1514:
1352:
1255:
1180:
1102:, and the remaining 5.7 per cent in other areas of the province.
875:
794:
789:
636:
152:
83:
4406:"Why francophones are fighting for access to justice in Ontario"
4063:"New bill to change who French language commissioner reports to"
2486:(dance on their socks) when their younger siblings get married.
2305:
also operate with French as the primary instructional language.
2284:
Association franco-ontarienne des conseils scolaires catholiques
1693:
announced the creation of a French-language university in 2017.
1664:
rather than exclusively to the Minister of Francophone Affairs.
5573:
5422:
5291:
3960:
3261:
2564:
A Franco-Ontarian flag (left-foreground) at a welcome sign for
2383:
Three other universities in Ontario also maintain federated or
1929:
1722:
1399:
1328:
1308:
1219:
1139:
632:
479:
423:
167:
4225:"Franco-Ontarian flag to fly outside Quebec National Assembly"
3706:
Barber, Marilyn; Sylvesre, Paul-françois (February 22, 2016).
2742:
Notable Franco-Ontarian writers, essayists and poets, include
1281:
until 1791, when Ontario was severed from the colony, forming
3318:
3234:
3184:
4304:"Ontario adding French-language characters to government ID"
3937:"French as an Official Language of the Legislative Assembly"
3572:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (February 9, 2022).
3122:
at Laurentian University are officially bilingual stations.
2872:
in Ottawa. Notable figures in Franco-Ontarian music include
2478:
Franco-Ontarians retain many cultural traditions from their
2446:
the loaning of English conjunctions, for instance, "so" for
1238:
in 1668. During the late 17th and early 18th centuries, the
4193:"MPP Amanda Simard leaving PCs, will sit as an independent"
4134:"Ontario needs a French university? Bien sûr, Gélinas says"
3260:. In 2008, TFO also began airing the first Franco-Ontarian
3058:
2913:
2560:
1608:, became the province's first cabinet minister to attend a
1584:
and therefore subject to the bilingual requirements of the
1358:
In an attempt to alleviate anti-French sentiments, in 1885
4467:(in French). Queen's Printer for Ontario. January 27, 2020
4152:"Ontario moving forward with a French-language university"
2614:
In 2010, the Minister Responsible for Francophone Affairs
983:, she was preceded as a francophone judge from Ontario by
4762:
4570:"Sudbury celebrates 30 years with Franco-Ontarian flag".
3869:"Québec/Canada francophone : le mythe de la rupture"
3518:"Profile of the Francophone population in Ontario - 2016"
3294:
3241:
2512:
on June 24 as the national holiday for French Canadians.
2289:
These school boards were formed after the passage of the
1475:
1379:
Association canadienne-française d'Éducation de l'Ontario
1058:
Francophones" (IDF), which includes respondents from the
4827:
Dictionnaire des écrits de l'Ontario français: 1613-1993
3125:
Francophone commercial radio stations exist in Sudbury (
1548:
to declare themselves "English-only" in the wake of the
1343:. A large number of French Canadians were also drawn to
27:
Francophone resident of the Canadian province of Ontario
4082:. Government of Ontario. April 26, 2010. Archived from
4775:"Sudbury's Place des Arts on track for a 2022 opening"
4345:"Ontario to Offer French-Language Services in Markham"
4290:"Bill 182, Franco-Ontarian Emblem Amendment Act, 2020"
4115:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. February 21, 2016
1406:
attracting French Canadian laborers during the 1920s.
4721:(in French). Société Radio‑Canada. September 25, 2017
3655:
2282:, and eight separate school boards forming a part of
1014:
was born in Windsor to a Franco-Ontarian father from
4855:
Government of Ontario, Office of Francophone Affairs
4434:. Government of Canada. June 4, 2019. Archived from
3786:"The Drama of Identity in Canada's Francophone West"
3571:
3355:
2152:
Francophone Association of Municipalities of Ontario
1729:
as a gesture of solidarity. The flag was hoisted at
1347:
during this period, with the discovery of nickel in
4319:"La Francophonie grants observer status to Ontario"
3461:was designated under the Act in 2015. As a result,
3045:
network, which has originating stations in Ottawa (
3023:Important historical publications include Ottawa's
2719:
List of French Canadian writers from outside Quebec
1528:
Ministry of Children, Community and Social Services
1546:Alliance for the Preservation of English in Canada
915:. During the late 1960s and 1970s, because of the
4000:La Francophonie grants observer status to Ontario
3618:"English–French bilingualism reaches new heights"
2536:, had pushed forward a new concept of a uniquely
2106:United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
1386:, and Irish Catholics led by Michael Fallon, the
5590:
4432:Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages
3137:); all three stations are owned and operated by
2482:ancestry. For example, unmarried elder siblings
4517:. Canada: Les presses de l'Université de Laval.
4058:
4056:
3910:Dupuis, Serge; Cooper, Celine (June 13, 2019).
3524:. Queen's Printer for Ontario. February 5, 2019
1079:population, reported having proficiency in the
3931:
3929:
3705:
2650:A monument to Franco-Ontarians also exists at
2378:Northern Ontario School of Medicine University
1833:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
4875:
4743:devient l'hymne officiel des Franco-Ontariens
4461:"Collèges et universités de langue française"
4428:"Infographic: The French Presence in Ontario"
4103:
4101:
3837:"Le Canada français, 50 ans après le divorce"
3541:
3539:
2965:Ontario had one francophone daily newspaper,
826:
4819:
4386:. Queen's Printer for Ontario. June 25, 2012
4351:. Queen's Printer for Ontario. June 30, 2015
4292:. Government of Ontario. September 24, 2020.
4284:
4282:
4053:
3909:
3843:(in French). Radio-Canada. November 22, 2017
3658:"Francophones of Ontario (Franco-Ontarians)"
2416:, a functionally bilingual graduate school.
1784:On September 25, 2020, the government under
857:
4170:
4168:
4166:
3952:
3950:
3926:
3340:
3061:), with rebroadcasters throughout Ontario.
2515:
2333:Ontario has two francophone post-secondary
2205:
1604:Ontario's Minister of Francophone Affairs,
4882:
4868:
4808:"Premier journal francophone de l’Ontario"
4098:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3536:
3337:tier rather than in basic cable packages.
2414:Ontario Institute for Studies in Education
1777:, to designate Franco-Ontarian flag as an
1421:In 1912, the provincial government passed
1125:List of francophone communities in Ontario
833:
819:
4825:Gaétan Gervais and Jean-Pierre Pichette,
4800:
4455:
4453:
4279:
4080:"September 25 Is Now Franco-Ontarian Day"
4041:"Ontario Introduces French Licence Plate"
3905:
3903:
3901:
3804:
3802:
3701:
3699:
3591:
3565:
3457:The map was last updated in 2010, before
3237:in Windsor, which was shut down in 2012.
3033:, which was published from 1942 to 1968.
2640:Les Monuments de la francophonie d'Ottawa
2473:Assemblée de la francophonie de l'Ontario
4680:
4678:
4676:
4627:"Historique – Jour des Franco-Ontariens"
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4316:
4163:
3957:"R. v. Petruzzo, 2011 ONCA 386 (CanLII)"
3947:
3912:"French Language Services Act (Ontario)"
3899:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3612:
3610:
3282:
2809:
2559:
2312:
2261:in Ontario is managed by the provincial
2215:
2165:
1884:
1739:
1631:
1513:
1408:
1307:
1170:
1065:
882:from Ontario. In 2021, according to the
4768:
4539:
4485:
4422:
4420:
4418:
3855:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3624:. Government of Canada. August 31, 2017
3434:
3432:
2555:
2252:Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
14:
5591:
4709:
4707:
4512:
4450:
4317:Draaisma, Muriel (November 26, 2016).
4258:
4252:
3799:
3761:Sudbury: Rail Town to Regional Capital
3732:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3502:
2606:
2508:is a common dish. They also celebrate
1696:In 2018, the provincial government of
1560:in the 1990s, and consequently to the
1413:Children in Ottawa protesting against
5619:French-speaking ethnicities in Canada
4863:
4673:
4363:
4306:. Ottawa Citizen. September 25, 2020.
4259:Doucet, Théodore (October 16, 2019).
4017:"Clarence Rockland - Document Center"
3878:
3809:"La mort présumée du Canada français"
3676:
3636:
3607:
3553:. Government of Canada. March 7, 2018
3500:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3301:The Quebec-based francophone network
2821:, an annual music festival in Sudbury
2644:Monuments de la francophonie d'Ottawa
2222:Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir
1843:
1234:) in 1649, and another settlement in
932:The provincial government passed the
4492:. Université Carleton. p. 105.
4415:
3820:
3429:
2805:
1935:Prescott and Russell United Counties
1287:Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
78:Regions with significant populations
5559:Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico
4889:
4704:
4528:"États généraux du Canada français"
4515:La variabilité en français ontarien
4325:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
3733:Dupuis, Serge (February 26, 2018).
3240:The provincial government operates
2691:Toronto International Film Festival
2428:and constitute part of the greater
2212:List of school districts in Ontario
995:Conversely, two of the most famous
805:Corsican immigration to Puerto Rico
24:
4653:
4586:Franco-Ontarian Emblem Act of 2001
3479:
2626:, passed unanimously and received
2161:
1444:referred to them as "dead ducks".
1226:; most notably the settlements of
1098:), with 37.8 per cent residing in
25:
5630:
5614:Canadian people of French descent
4848:
3759:C.M. Wallace and Ashley Thomson,
2400:, an institution affiliated with
2392:, an institution affiliated with
2308:
5569:Overseas parts of France proper
4384:Ministry of the Attorney General
3358:
3183:
3169:
3133:) and Sturgeon Falls/North Bay (
3118:at the University of Ottawa and
2595:The flag was created in 1975 by
2530:Estates General of French Canada
2366:Royal Military College of Canada
2358:Université de l'Ontario français
1767:Franco-Ontarian Emblem Act, 2001
1755:Université de l'Ontario français
1746:Université de l'Ontario français
1471:Secondary Schools and Boards Act
1166:
628:Overseas parts of France proper
151:
52:
4784:
4752:
4733:
4692:. L'Express. September 26, 2018
4647:
4633:
4619:
4605:
4591:
4579:
4564:
4521:
4506:
4479:
4398:
4337:
4310:
4296:
4236:
4218:
4202:
4186:
4145:
4127:
4072:
4034:
4009:
3993:
3984:
3973:Manitoba Language Rights ruling
3966:
3778:
3753:
3726:
3451:
3206:operates two studios in Ontario
2933:Legislative Assembly of Ontario
2864:Annual music festivals include
2727:companies, including Sudbury's
2620:Legislative Assembly of Ontario
1825:Legislative Assembly of Ontario
1817:Ministry of Francophone Affairs
1790:Minister of Francophone Affairs
1710:Ministry of Francophone Affairs
1662:Legislative Assembly of Ontario
1616:with counterparts from Quebec,
1567:
1365:
1052:
874:that reside in the province of
3943:. Queen's Printer for Ontario.
3735:"French Immigration in Canada"
3442:
3305:as well as specialty channels
3149:media markets. One station in
2944:
2723:Ontario has seven francophone
2663:, is a reference to song from
1612:summit in 2004, travelling to
1258:) in 1750. The development of
1114:
862:if female, sometimes known as
13:
1:
4380:"Access to justice in French"
3598:"Census Profile, 2016 Census"
3472:
3160:
2712:
2624:Franco-Ontarian Day Act, 2010
2242:Upper Canada School Act, 1797
1708:, reducing the status of the
1544:, which was persuaded by the
1228:Sainte-Marie among the Hurons
942:
4021:clarencerockland.ihostez.com
3254:, the first Franco-Ontarian
3191:Canadian Broadcasting Centre
3177:CBC Ottawa Production Centre
2950:La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario
2929:French Language Services Act
2633:
2390:Dominican University College
2200:
2185:French Language Services Act
2147:French Language Services Act
1880:French Language Services Act
1876:French Language Services Act
1855:French Language Services Act
1598:French Language Services Act
1586:French Language Services Act
1574:French Language Services Act
1550:French Language Services Act
1533:French Language Services Act
1447:
1370:
935:French Language Services Act
7:
5572:Migration of minorities in
4006:Toronto, November 26, 2016.
3465:is not coloured light blue.
3351:
3202:, Canada's French language
2859:Théâtre français de Toronto
2681:Through their proximity to
2419:
1810:
1735:National Assembly of Quebec
1733:on November 23, and at the
1558:Quebec sovereignty movement
1398:; and automotive plants in
1299:Joseph-Geneviève de Puisaye
631:Migration of minorities in
10:
5635:
4831:University of Ottawa Press
4199:Ottawa, November 29, 2018.
3708:"Ontario Schools Question"
3344:
2716:
2618:introduced Bill 24 to the
2601:Franco-Ontarian Emblem Act
2550:
2466:
2437:the use of the possessive
2209:
2174:in both English and French
1779:official emblem of Ontario
1596:, on the grounds that the
1467:Schools Administration Act
1305:(present day Toronto).
1161:
1118:
5567:
5536:
5495:
5469:
5271:
5233:
5202:
5166:
4897:
4806:Paul-François Sylvestre,
4533:The Canadian Encyclopedia
3739:The Canadian Encyclopedia
3712:The Canadian Encyclopedia
3662:The Canadian Encyclopedia
3043:Ici Radio-Canada Première
2847:Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario
2638:Seven monuments known as
1388:Bishop of London, Ontario
107:
102:
82:
77:
69:
64:
51:
40:
4951:Central African Republic
4547:Espaces franco-ontariens
4486:Laurier, Michel (1989).
3422:
3347:List of Franco-Ontarians
3341:Notable Franco-Ontarians
3036:
3014:in Hamilton-Niagara and
2960:
2955:
2870:Festival Franco-Ontarien
2849:) and three in Toronto (
2831:Théâtre de la Vieille 17
2516:Franco-Ontarian identity
2490:Franco-Ontarians attend
2206:Elementary and secondary
1771:Progressive Conservative
1760:
1667:
1333:Canadian Pacific Railway
999:musicians from Ontario,
785:People of French descent
5599:Franco-Ontarian culture
2780:Philippe Bernier Arcand
2676:
2671:
2510:Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day
2385:affiliated institutions
2347:Collège des Grands-Lacs
2291:Fewer School Boards Act
1590:Ontario Court of Appeal
1291:Upper Canada School Act
981:Supreme Court of Canada
702:Cultural Heritage sites
5609:French-Canadian people
5604:Franco-Ontarian people
4513:Thomas, Alain (1989).
3990:2005 CarswellOnt 10019
3298:
3244:, a sister channel to
3017:Le Journal de Cornwall
2822:
2800:Joseph Médard Carrière
2569:
2326:
2233:
2175:
1890:
1749:
1641:
1562:1995 Quebec referendum
1519:
1418:
1384:Orange Order of Canada
1319:French migration into
1316:
1240:military of New France
1194:
1075:
968:. The use of the term
858:
853:
5412:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5348:Franco-Newfoundlander
4987:Republic of the Congo
4615:. September 25, 2017.
4601:. September 21, 2018.
4576:, September 23, 2005.
4267:. Universities Canada
3401:Franco-Newfoundlander
3286:
3277:Les Bleus de Ramville
3214:Ici Radio-Canada Télé
3212:The province has two
2890:Les Chaizes Muzikales
2813:
2802:was Franco-Ontarian.
2699:Tournée Québec Cinéma
2563:
2484:dansent sur leurs bas
2410:University of Toronto
2406:Saint Paul University
2374:University of Sudbury
2362:Laurentian University
2316:
2263:Ministry of Education
2219:
2181:Courts of Justice Act
2169:
1976:Tilbury East Township
1888:
1805:Laurentian University
1743:
1717:Franco-Ontarian MPP,
1658:private member's bill
1638:Ontario license plate
1635:
1624:On January 10, 2005,
1517:
1412:
1311:
1174:
1119:Further information:
1074:, by census division.
1069:
884:Government of Ontario
872:Francophone Canadians
780:List of French people
550:Franco-Newfoundlander
406:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5225:United Arab Emirates
4797:, December 26, 2019.
4779:CBC Northern Ontario
4249:, September 8, 2019.
4233:, November 30, 2018.
4215:, November 23, 2018.
4183:, November 23, 2018.
4086:on November 14, 2010
2839:Théâtre la Catapulte
2744:Lola Lemire Tostevin
2574:Franco-Ontarian flag
2556:Franco-Ontarian Flag
2525:" of French Canada.
2370:University of Ottawa
2354:Université de Hearst
2224:, the French public-
2068:Thunder Bay District
1945:Timiskaming District
1801:Université de Hearst
1769:, first proposed by
1744:The entrance to the
1727:Franco-Ontarian flag
1458:identity during the
1156:Northwestern Ontario
1152:Southwestern Ontario
1108:Northeastern Ontario
1096:Greater Toronto Area
1072:2021 Canadian census
1060:2021 Canadian Census
925:, a Franco-Ontarian
892:Northeastern Ontario
314:United Arab Emirates
96:Northeastern Ontario
59:Franco-Ontarian flag
3875:778, May/June 2015.
3578:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2868:in Sudbury and the
2866:La Nuit sur l'Ă©tang
2855:Théâtre La Tangente
2845:), one in Sudbury (
2827:Théâtre du Trillium
2819:La Nuit sur l'Ă©tang
2762:, Gaston Tremblay,
2689:in Sudbury and the
2607:Franco-Ontarian Day
2494:(midnight mass) on
2394:Carleton University
1582:Highway Traffic Act
1360:George William Ross
417:French Louisianians
37:
4932:French Upper Volta
4781:, October 5, 2021.
4412:, January 3, 2018.
4265:University Affairs
4180:The Globe and Mail
4160:, August 28, 2017.
4046:2009-09-18 at the
3978:2009-09-05 at the
3914:. Historica Canada
3741:. Historica Canada
3714:. Historica Canada
3664:. Historica Canada
3299:
3204:public broadcaster
3139:Le5 Communications
3081:Kitchener-Waterloo
3002:in London/Sarnia,
2823:
2784:Andrée Christensen
2737:Les Éditions David
2733:Editions Le Nordir
2616:Madeleine Meilleur
2570:
2433:characteristics:
2412:also operates the
2327:
2250:Section 23 of the
2234:
2176:
1924:Nipissing District
1891:
1844:Access to services
1750:
1731:Montreal City Hall
1642:
1636:A French-language
1629:the municipality.
1606:Madeleine Meilleur
1524:Ministry of Health
1520:
1419:
1317:
1297:, French nobleman
1279:Province of Quebec
1260:Fort Pontchartrain
1236:Sault Sainte Marie
1195:
1076:
927:civil disobedience
859:Franco-Ontariennes
348:Germany (pre-1918)
162:Native communities
139:of articles on the
35:
5586:
5585:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5439:
5432:
5425:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5329:
5322:
5315:
5308:
5301:
5294:
5287:
5264:
5252:
5142:
5100:
5046:
5004:French Somaliland
3602:Statistics Canada
3307:TV5 Québec Canada
2910:Damien Robitaille
2906:Stéphane Paquette
2843:Créations In Vivo
2806:Music and theatre
2792:Jean Éthier-Blais
2172:Ottawa Courthouse
2063:Whitewater Region
2055:Laurentian Valley
1908:Cochrane District
1821:Caroline Mulroney
1794:Caroline Mulroney
1775:Natalia Kusendova
1725:began to fly the
1706:Ontario Ombudsman
1626:Clarence-Rockland
1554:Meech Lake Accord
1526:in 1979, and the
1295:French Revolution
1005:Alanis Morissette
843:
842:
722:History of France
559:
552:
545:
538:
531:
524:
517:
510:
503:
496:
489:
482:
475:
461:
454:
447:
440:
433:
426:
419:
344:
334:
249:
222:
130:
129:
16:(Redirected from
5626:
5456:
5449:
5442:
5435:
5430:French Canadians
5428:
5421:
5367:
5360:
5355:Franco-Yukonnais
5353:
5346:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5320:Franco-Manitoban
5318:
5313:Franco-Columbian
5311:
5306:Franco-Albertans
5304:
5297:
5290:
5283:
5258:
5246:
5136:
5094:
5040:
4884:
4877:
4870:
4861:
4860:
4842:
4823:
4817:
4804:
4798:
4788:
4782:
4772:
4766:
4765:, March 2, 2017.
4756:
4750:
4749:, March 2, 2017.
4747:Ici Radio-Canada
4737:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4711:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4682:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4595:
4589:
4583:
4577:
4568:
4562:
4543:
4537:
4525:
4519:
4518:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4483:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4472:
4457:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4438:on July 24, 2020
4424:
4413:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4376:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4314:
4308:
4307:
4300:
4294:
4293:
4286:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4256:
4250:
4240:
4234:
4230:Montreal Gazette
4222:
4216:
4206:
4200:
4190:
4184:
4172:
4161:
4149:
4143:
4131:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4105:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4076:
4070:
4060:
4051:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4013:
4007:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3982:
3970:
3964:
3954:
3945:
3944:
3933:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3907:
3876:
3866:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3833:
3818:
3817:, July 17, 2017.
3806:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3782:
3776:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3703:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3653:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3614:
3605:
3595:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3514:
3466:
3455:
3449:
3446:
3440:
3436:
3417:Franco-Yukonnais
3397:Franco-Manitoban
3393:Franco-Columbian
3374:French Canadians
3368:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3187:
3173:
3094:), Kapuskasing (
2987:Le MĂ©tropolitain
2902:Konflit Dramatik
2817:performs during
2788:Patrice Desbiens
2654:in Toronto. The
2534:Quiet Revolution
2404:in Toronto; and
2259:Public education
2230:Golden Horseshoe
2220:Head office for
2170:Signage for the
2016:Middlesex County
1998:Frontenac County
1962:Municipality of
1940:Sudbury District
1895:census divisions
1592:in a 2011 case,
1542:Sault Ste. Marie
1487:Victoria Charter
1460:Quiet Revolution
1345:Northern Ontario
1254:(in present-day
1246:(in present-day
1230:(in present-day
1222:missionaries in
1212:coureurs de bois
1179:(in present-day
1106:francophones in
1043:English Canadian
917:Quiet Revolution
880:French Canadians
861:
854:Franco-Ontariens
846:Franco-Ontarians
835:
828:
821:
555:
548:
541:
536:Franco-Yukonnais
534:
529:Franco-Columbian
527:
520:
513:
508:Franco-Manitoban
506:
501:Franco-Ontarians
499:
492:
485:
478:
471:
457:
450:
443:
436:
431:French Canadians
429:
422:
415:
338:
328:
243:
216:
155:
132:
131:
117:Canadian English
73:: 650,000 (2021)
65:Total population
56:
46:
44:Franco-Ontariens
38:
36:Franco-Ontarians
34:
21:
5634:
5633:
5629:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5589:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5570:
5563:
5532:
5491:
5465:
5382:French Antilles
5334:Franco-Ontarian
5327:Franco-Nunavois
5267:
5229:
5198:
5162:
5151:French Togoland
5109:Colony of Niger
4944:French Cameroon
4893:
4891:French diaspora
4888:
4851:
4846:
4845:
4824:
4820:
4816:, May 17, 2011.
4805:
4801:
4789:
4785:
4773:
4769:
4757:
4753:
4738:
4734:
4724:
4722:
4713:
4712:
4705:
4695:
4693:
4684:
4683:
4674:
4664:
4662:
4652:
4648:
4639:
4638:
4634:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4597:
4596:
4592:
4584:
4580:
4569:
4565:
4544:
4540:
4526:
4522:
4511:
4507:
4500:
4484:
4480:
4470:
4468:
4459:
4458:
4451:
4441:
4439:
4426:
4425:
4416:
4403:
4399:
4389:
4387:
4378:
4377:
4364:
4354:
4352:
4349:news.ontario.ca
4343:
4342:
4338:
4328:
4326:
4315:
4311:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4288:
4287:
4280:
4270:
4268:
4257:
4253:
4241:
4237:
4223:
4219:
4207:
4203:
4191:
4187:
4173:
4164:
4150:
4146:
4142:, May 26, 2015.
4132:
4128:
4118:
4116:
4107:
4106:
4099:
4089:
4087:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4069:, May 30, 2011.
4061:
4054:
4050:, May 30, 2008.
4048:Wayback Machine
4039:
4035:
4025:
4023:
4015:
4014:
4010:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3985:
3980:Wayback Machine
3971:
3967:
3963:, May 17, 2011.
3955:
3948:
3935:
3934:
3927:
3917:
3915:
3908:
3879:
3867:
3856:
3846:
3844:
3835:
3834:
3821:
3807:
3800:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3758:
3754:
3744:
3742:
3731:
3727:
3717:
3715:
3704:
3677:
3667:
3665:
3654:
3637:
3627:
3625:
3616:
3615:
3608:
3596:
3592:
3582:
3580:
3570:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3516:
3515:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3469:
3456:
3452:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3430:
3425:
3405:Franco-Nunavois
3389:Franco-Albertan
3364:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3287:Musicians from
3210:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3196:
3195:
3194:
3188:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3163:
3106:) and Toronto (
3057:) and Windsor (
3039:
3030:L'Ami du peuple
2963:
2958:
2947:
2894:Brasse-Camarade
2874:Robert Paquette
2815:Robert Paquette
2808:
2796:French-language
2756:Jean-Marc Dalpé
2748:Daniel Poliquin
2729:Prise de parole
2721:
2715:
2679:
2674:
2647:developments.
2636:
2609:
2586:French-Canadian
2558:
2553:
2518:
2492:messe de minuit
2480:French Canadian
2469:
2430:Canadian French
2422:
2402:York University
2398:Glendon College
2343:Collège La Cité
2319:Collège La Cité
2317:Aerial view of
2311:
2303:private schools
2274:separate school
2226:separate school
2214:
2208:
2203:
2164:
2162:Judicial access
2143:
2122:South Glengarry
2114:North Glengarry
2097:Penetanguishene
2007:Kenora District
1955:
1913:Greater Sudbury
1903:Algoma District
1846:
1813:
1763:
1737:on December 1.
1680:Glenn Thibeault
1670:
1576:. The judge in
1570:
1450:
1434:Yves Beauchemin
1373:
1368:
1285:. In 1797, the
1275:Treaty of Paris
1250:) in 1673, and
1169:
1164:
1127:
1117:
1100:Eastern Ontario
1094:(including the
1092:Central Ontario
1085:second language
1081:French language
1055:
1047:Franco-Ontarian
1025:in Parliament.
949:Franco-Ontarian
945:
896:Central Ontario
888:Eastern Ontario
839:
810:
809:
775:
767:
766:
742:
732:
731:
727:Napoleonic wars
717:
707:
706:
652:
642:
641:
629:
557:Franco-Nunavois
522:Franco-Albertan
376:French Antilles
193:
183:
182:
163:
109:Canadian French
92:Central Ontario
88:Eastern Ontario
57:
47:
42:
33:
28:
23:
22:
18:Franco-ontarian
15:
12:
11:
5:
5632:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5584:
5583:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5540:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5499:
5497:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5462:
5461:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5433:
5426:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5365:
5358:
5351:
5344:
5337:
5330:
5323:
5316:
5309:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5256:United Kingdom
5253:
5243:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5206:
5204:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5154:
5153:
5143:
5131:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5101:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5047:
5043:White Ghanaian
5037:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5008:
5007:
5006:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4980:French Comoros
4972:
4971:
4970:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4948:
4947:
4946:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4920:French Dahomey
4912:
4907:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4894:
4887:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4864:
4858:
4857:
4850:
4849:External links
4847:
4844:
4843:
4818:
4799:
4783:
4767:
4751:
4732:
4703:
4672:
4660:www.cuhaci.com
4646:
4632:
4618:
4604:
4590:
4578:
4563:
4545:Anne Gilbert,
4538:
4536:, May 3, 2007.
4520:
4505:
4498:
4478:
4465:www.ontario.ca
4449:
4414:
4404:Daniel Kitts,
4397:
4362:
4336:
4309:
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3725:
3675:
3635:
3622:statscan.gc.ca
3606:
3590:
3564:
3551:statscan.gc.ca
3535:
3522:www.ontario.ca
3477:
3476:
3474:
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3467:
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3441:
3427:
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3424:
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3369:
3366:Ontario portal
3353:
3350:
3345:Main article:
3342:
3339:
3227:master control
3220:in Ottawa and
3198:
3197:
3189:
3182:
3181:
3175:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3038:
3035:
3020:in Cornwall.
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2946:
2943:
2939:Place des Arts
2851:Théâtre Corpus
2807:
2804:
2772:Fernand Dorais
2752:Robert Dickson
2714:
2711:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2635:
2632:
2608:
2605:
2597:Gaétan Gervais
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2517:
2514:
2468:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2444:
2441:
2421:
2418:
2339:Collège Boréal
2310:
2309:Post-secondary
2307:
2296:catchment area
2228:board for the
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2163:
2160:
2142:
2141:
2132:
2126:South Stormont
2118:North Stormont
2103:
2086:
2065:
2051:Renfrew County
2048:
2035:
2025:Niagara Region
2022:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1978:
1972:Dover Township
1959:
1954:
1953:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1893:The following
1845:
1842:
1812:
1809:
1762:
1759:
1714:Kathleen Wynne
1691:Kathleen Wynne
1687:France GĂ©linas
1675:Kathleen Wynne
1669:
1666:
1654:France GĂ©linas
1594:R. v. Petruzzo
1569:
1566:
1449:
1446:
1438:"warm corpses"
1432:Quebec writer
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1351:, and gold in
1337:Lake Nipissing
1244:Fort Frontenac
1207:Pays d'en Haut
1186:Pays d'en Haut
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1121:Bilingual belt
1116:
1113:
1054:
1051:
1030:ethnic origins
1009:Prime Minister
977:Louise Charron
944:
941:
904:Pays d'en Haut
841:
840:
838:
837:
830:
823:
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326:United Kingdom
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41:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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5516:
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5509:
5506:
5504:
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5500:
5498:
5496:South America
5494:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5482:New Caledonia
5480:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5459:
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5441:
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5380:
5378:
5375:
5370:
5366:
5363:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5349:
5345:
5342:
5341:Franco-TĂ©nois
5338:
5335:
5331:
5328:
5324:
5321:
5317:
5314:
5310:
5307:
5303:
5300:
5296:
5293:
5289:
5286:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5272:North America
5270:
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5250:
5244:
5242:
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5232:
5226:
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5117:
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5098:
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5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5060:CĂ´te d'Ivoire
5058:
5054:
5053:French Guinea
5051:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5038:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5021:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5009:
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5002:
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5000:
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4990:
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4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:
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4892:
4885:
4880:
4878:
4873:
4871:
4866:
4865:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4840:
4839:9782760319363
4836:
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4516:
4509:
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4499:9782763771786
4495:
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4437:
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4423:
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4407:
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4350:
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4340:
4324:
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4313:
4305:
4299:
4291:
4285:
4283:
4266:
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4181:
4176:
4171:
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4167:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4141:
4140:
4139:Northern Life
4135:
4130:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4102:
4090:September 25,
4085:
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4075:
4068:
4064:
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3996:
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3859:
3842:
3838:
3832:
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3828:
3826:
3824:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3803:
3787:
3781:
3774:
3773:1-55002-170-2
3770:
3766:
3765:Dundurn Press
3762:
3756:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3688:
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3680:
3663:
3659:
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3650:
3648:
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3644:
3642:
3640:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3611:
3603:
3599:
3594:
3579:
3575:
3568:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3478:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3445:
3435:
3433:
3428:
3418:
3414:
3413:Franco-TĂ©nois
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3356:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3335:digital cable
3332:
3328:
3327:Elle Fictions
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3285:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3201:
3192:
3186:
3178:
3172:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3098:), Cornwall (
3097:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2982:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2953:
2951:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2886:Chuck Labelle
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2776:HĂ©di Bouraoui
2773:
2769:
2768:Doric Germain
2765:
2761:
2760:François Paré
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2630:in May 2010.
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2567:
2562:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2528:However, the
2526:
2524:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2496:Christmas Eve
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2474:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2427:
2426:Quebec French
2417:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2331:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2246:Education Act
2243:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2190:Criminal Code
2186:
2182:
2173:
2168:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2089:Simcoe County
2087:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:Port Colborne
2026:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1828:
1827:since 1970.
1826:
1822:
1818:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1719:Amanda Simard
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1685:In 2015, MPP
1683:
1681:
1676:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1656:introduced a
1655:
1649:
1647:
1646:licence plate
1639:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1622:
1619:
1618:New Brunswick
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1505:C'est l'temps
1503:. Members of
1502:
1501:
1500:C'est l'temps
1495:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1445:
1443:
1442:René Lévesque
1439:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1424:
1423:Regulation 17
1416:
1415:Regulation 17
1411:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
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1306:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1264:Detroit River
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1198:Étienne Brûlé
1192:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1175:Depiction of
1173:
1167:Early history
1159:
1157:
1154:and 7,055 in
1153:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
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1082:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1050:
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1021:
1017:
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1002:
1001:Avril Lavigne
998:
993:
990:
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982:
978:
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967:
963:
959:
958:mother tongue
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950:
940:
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930:
928:
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923:
922:C'est l'temps
918:
914:
913:Regulation 17
910:
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619:New Caledonia
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566:South America
558:
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543:Franco-TĂ©nois
540:
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68:
63:
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50:
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5571:
5245:Netherlands
5134:South Africa
5075:French Sudan
5028:James Island
5016:French Gabon
4956:Ubangi-Shari
4927:Burkina Faso
4841:. pp. 33-34.
4826:
4821:
4811:
4802:
4786:
4770:
4754:
4740:
4735:
4725:November 23,
4723:. Retrieved
4718:
4696:November 23,
4694:. Retrieved
4690:l-express.ca
4689:
4663:. Retrieved
4659:
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4573:Sudbury Star
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4471:February 15,
4469:. Retrieved
4464:
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4436:the original
4431:
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4383:
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4348:
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4329:November 28,
4327:. Retrieved
4322:
4312:
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4269:. Retrieved
4264:
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4228:
4220:
4213:CTV Montreal
4204:
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4178:
4157:Toronto Star
4155:
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4129:
4117:. Retrieved
4112:
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4084:the original
4074:
4067:Sudbury Star
4066:
4036:
4024:. Retrieved
4020:
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3986:
3968:
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3916:. Retrieved
3872:
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3789:. Retrieved
3780:
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3755:
3743:. Retrieved
3738:
3728:
3716:. Retrieved
3711:
3666:. Retrieved
3661:
3628:September 7,
3626:. Retrieved
3621:
3593:
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3577:
3567:
3555:. Retrieved
3550:
3526:. Retrieved
3521:
3453:
3444:
3300:
3288:
3275:
3271:
3265:
3255:
3249:
3239:
3211:
3200:Radio-Canada
3129:), Timmins (
3124:
3112:campus radio
3085:
3075:), Sudbury (
3071:), Toronto (
3062:
3053:), Sudbury (
3049:), Toronto (
3040:
3028:
3024:
3022:
3015:
3009:
3008:in Windsor,
3003:
2997:
2996:in Sudbury,
2991:
2990:in Toronto,
2985:
2979:
2977:
2966:
2964:
2948:
2937:
2928:
2918:
2878:Marcel Aymar
2863:
2824:
2741:
2722:
2680:
2660:
2655:
2652:Queen's Park
2649:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2628:royal assent
2623:
2613:
2610:
2600:
2594:
2578:fleur-de-lys
2571:
2545:
2537:
2527:
2519:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2477:
2470:
2461:
2457:
2451:
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2332:
2328:
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2277:
2267:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2241:
2238:Upper Canada
2235:
2195:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2155:
2146:
2144:
2076:Manitouwadge
1981:Essex County
1964:Chatham-Kent
1956:
1892:
1879:
1875:
1862:
1860:
1853:
1847:
1838:Francophonie
1837:
1831:
1829:
1814:
1798:
1783:
1766:
1764:
1751:
1695:
1684:
1671:
1650:
1643:
1623:
1610:Francophonie
1603:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1568:21st century
1549:
1539:
1531:
1521:
1509:Roy McMurtry
1504:
1498:
1496:
1483:John Robarts
1480:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1453:
1451:
1437:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1378:
1374:
1366:20th century
1357:
1318:
1290:
1283:Upper Canada
1272:
1252:Fort Rouillé
1205:
1196:
1184:
1177:Fort Rouillé
1148:
1128:
1104:
1089:
1077:
1056:
1053:Demographics
1046:
1027:
994:
974:
969:
965:
961:
953:
948:
946:
933:
931:
920:
902:
900:
867:
863:
845:
844:
677:Architecture
630:
607:
606:
565:
564:
500:
364:
363:
337:Netherlands
319:
318:
285:
284:
253:
252:
241:South Africa
195:
120:
112:
71:Francophones
43:
32:Ethnic group
29:
5487:New Zealand
5407:Puerto Rico
5362:Fransaskois
5203:Middle East
4992:Brazzaville
4968:French Chad
4741:Notre place
4719:ICI Toronto
4271:December 4,
3941:www.ola.org
3841:Ici Société
3583:November 2,
3557:November 5,
3528:November 2,
3463:York Region
3409:Fransaskois
3102:), Ottawa (
3090:), Hearst (
3064:Ici Musique
3011:Le RĂ©gional
2993:Le Voyageur
2945:Visual arts
2925:Paul Demers
2921:Notre Place
2835:Vox Théâtre
2764:Michel Bock
2731:, Ottawa's
2707:Super Écran
2665:Paul Demers
2661:Notre Place
2656:Notre Place
2504:, at which
2448:ça fait que
2396:in Ottawa;
2325:in Ontario.
2270:secularized
2135:York Region
2084:Terrace Bay
2042:Mississauga
2038:Peel Region
1872:Mississauga
1614:Ouagadougou
1578:R. v. Myers
1392:Kapuskasing
1325:Canada East
1321:Canada West
1289:passed the
1115:Communities
1012:Paul Martin
878:. Most are
624:New Zealand
515:Fransaskois
401:Puerto Rico
286:Middle East
5593:Categories
5139:Afrikaners
5126:Seychelles
5097:Afrikaners
5065:Madagascar
5023:The Gambia
4559:2921365855
3745:January 3,
3473:References
3216:stations,
3161:Television
3151:Hawkesbury
3025:Le Progrès
3005:Le Rempart
2919:The song "
2725:publishing
2717:See also:
2713:Literature
2695:Cinéfranco
2568:, Ontario.
2376:, and the
2240:under the
2210:See also:
2130:Winchester
2072:Greenstone
1788:, through
1700:announced
1492:Bill Davis
1469:, and the
1341:Lake Huron
1273:After the
1202:New France
1191:New France
1189:region of
1136:Hawkesbury
943:Definition
909:New France
907:region of
868:Ontaroises
662:Literature
246:Afrikaners
236:Seychelles
219:Afrikaners
206:Madagascar
5503:Argentina
5477:Australia
5437:Huguenots
5387:Guatemala
5369:Québécois
5261:Huguenots
5249:Huguenots
5174:Hong Kong
5082:Mauritius
4813:L'Express
4551:Le Nordir
4442:April 29,
4410:TVOntario
4390:April 22,
4355:April 23,
4119:April 22,
3918:April 22,
3873:Relations
3847:April 24,
3814:Le Devoir
3718:April 22,
3668:April 23,
3274:launched
3257:téléroman
3251:Francoeur
3246:TVOntario
3193:, Toronto
2981:L'Express
2935:in 2017.
2634:Monuments
2539:québécois
2506:tourtière
2501:réveillon
2201:Education
1985:Lakeshore
1850:bilingual
1786:Doug Ford
1698:Doug Ford
1455:québécois
1448:1951–2000
1371:1901–1950
1335:north of
1216:voyageurs
947:The term
614:Australia
602:Venezuela
572:Argentina
494:Québécois
438:Huguenots
381:Guatemala
341:Huguenots
331:Huguenots
260:Hong Kong
211:Mauritius
125:Franglais
103:Languages
5554:Walloons
5537:See also
5518:Colombia
5451:Corsican
5285:Acadians
5194:Pakistan
4999:Djibouti
4939:Cameroon
4833:, 2011.
4795:CBC News
4654:cuhaci.
4553:, 1999.
4323:CBC News
4247:CBC News
4197:CBC News
4113:CBC News
4044:Archived
4004:CBC News
3976:Archived
3767:, 1993.
3384:Acadians
3379:Quebecer
3352:See also
3323:Ici ARTV
3231:Montreal
3222:CBLFT-DT
3218:CBOFT-DT
3147:Montreal
3143:Gatineau
3110:). Many
2999:L'Action
2973:Gatineau
2968:Le Droit
2798:scholar
2687:Cinéfest
2683:Gatineau
2582:trillium
2488:Catholic
2420:Language
2356:and the
2335:colleges
2323:colleges
2110:Cornwall
2080:Marathon
2059:Pembroke
2046:Brampton
2002:Kingston
1989:Tecumseh
1949:City of
1928:City of
1919:Hamilton
1917:City of
1811:Politics
1552:and the
1248:Kingston
1144:Pembroke
1132:Cornwall
1035:Acadians
1020:Montreal
1016:Pembroke
989:Quebecer
970:Ontarois
966:Ontarien
962:Ontarois
864:Ontarois
800:Walloons
740:Language
657:Religion
587:Colombia
473:Acadians
452:Corsican
360:Portugal
280:Pakistan
215:Namibia
191:Diaspora
137:a series
135:Part of
5578:Basques
5549:Bretons
5544:Basques
5528:Uruguay
5470:Oceania
5397:Jamaica
5241:Hungary
5215:Lebanon
5158:Tunisia
5130:Somalia
5121:Senegal
5116:RĂ©union
5092:Namibia
5087:Morocco
5049:Guinea
5033:Albreda
4975:Comoros
4905:Algeria
4665:June 8,
4026:June 8,
3791:June 8,
3459:Markham
3311:Ici RDI
3290:JAM TFO
3073:CJBC-FM
2882:En Bref
2590:Pantone
2551:Symbols
2523:citadel
2467:Culture
2139:Markham
2033:Welland
1993:Windsor
1968:Tilbury
1951:Toronto
1868:Toronto
1404:Windsor
1353:Timmins
1349:Sudbury
1313:Sudbury
1268:Windsor
1256:Toronto
1232:Midland
1224:Huronia
1181:Toronto
1162:History
876:Ontario
795:Bretons
790:Basques
762:Romance
752:Walloon
715:History
697:Symbols
687:Cuisine
650:Culture
637:Basques
608:Oceania
597:Uruguay
391:Jamaica
353:Hungary
304:Lebanon
231:Senegal
226:RĂ©union
201:Algeria
84:Ontario
5576:(i.e.
5574:France
5508:Brazil
5458:Basque
5444:Breton
5423:Cajuns
5402:Mexico
5299:Basque
5292:Brayon
5279:Canada
5234:Europe
5220:Turkey
5210:Israel
5039:Ghana
4910:Angola
4898:Africa
4837:
4557:
4496:
3961:CanLII
3771:
3272:Météo+
3267:Météo+
3262:sitcom
2794:. The
2372:, the
2368:, the
2364:, the
2341:, and
2272:, and
2020:London
2011:Ignace
1930:Ottawa
1723:Quebec
1400:Oshawa
1396:Hearst
1394:, and
1329:Quebec
1220:Jesuit
1140:Ottawa
1023:riding
894:, and
870:) are
850:French
757:Breton
747:French
672:Cinema
635:(i.e.
633:France
577:Brazil
487:Basque
480:Brayon
467:Canada
459:Basque
445:Breton
424:Cajuns
396:Mexico
320:Europe
309:Turkey
292:Israel
196:Africa
168:France
121:·
119:
113:·
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5513:Chile
5392:Haiti
5189:Korea
5184:Japan
5179:India
5104:Niger
5011:Gabon
4915:Benin
3439:home.
3423:Notes
3319:Noovo
3235:CBEFT
3037:Radio
2961:Print
2956:Media
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2898:Swing
2592:349.
2566:Harty
2452:alors
2154:, or
1773:MPP,
1761:2020s
1668:2010s
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173:Italy
123:
115:
5523:Peru
5377:Cuba
5167:Asia
5146:Togo
5070:Mali
4963:Chad
4835:ISBN
4727:2020
4698:2020
4667:2018
4555:ISBN
4494:ISBN
4473:2020
4444:2020
4392:2020
4357:2015
4331:2020
4273:2019
4121:2020
4092:2010
4028:2018
3920:2020
3849:2020
3793:2018
3769:ISBN
3747:2020
3720:2020
3670:2020
3630:2019
3585:2023
3559:2022
3530:2023
3329:and
3315:CRTC
3309:and
3155:CHPR
3135:CHYQ
3131:CHYK
3127:CHYC
3120:CKLU
3116:CHUO
3108:CHOQ
3104:CJFO
3100:CHOD
3096:CKGN
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3088:CFRH
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3069:CBOX
3059:CBEF
3055:CBON
3051:CJBC
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2984:and
2914:CANO
2912:and
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