1261:
1543:. The population remained 90% indigenous in origin; the Romanizing class were the local native elite (not Roman settlers), whose children learned Latin in Roman schools. At the time of the collapse of the Empire, this local elite had been slowly abandoning Gaulish entirely, but the rural and lower class populations remained Gaulish speakers who could sometimes also speak Latin or Greek. The final language shift from Gaulish to Vulgar Latin among rural and lower class populations occurred later, when both they and the incoming Frankish ruler/military class adopted the Gallo-Roman Vulgar Latin speech of the urban intellectual elite.
1242:
2270:
2090:
13405:
7461:
7374:
2793:, French was the dominant language within all institutions until the 1990s. After several enlargements of the EU (1995, 2004), French significantly lost ground in favour of English, which is more widely spoken and taught in most EU countries. French currently remains one of the three working languages, or "procedural languages", of the EU, along with English and German. It is the second-most widely used language within EU institutions after English, but remains the preferred language of certain institutions or administrations such as the
2958:
12542:
1971:
2391:
981:
9412:
2139:
920:
5433:, and so the only difference in pronunciation is that the ⟨t⟩ on the end of masculine form is silent, whereas it is pronounced in the feminine. If the word was to be followed by a word starting with a vowel, then liaison would cause the ⟨t⟩ to be pronounced in both forms, resulting in identical pronunciation. There are also some situations where both the feminine and masculine form of a noun are the same and the article provides the only difference. For example,
2109:
2638:
7046:
9303:"Le français, langue en évolution. Dans beaucoup de pays francophones, surtout sur le continent africain, une proportion importante de la population ne parle pas couramment le français (même s'il est souvent la langue officielle du pays). Ce qui signifie qu'au fur et à mesure que les nouvelles générations vont à l'école, le nombre de francophones augmente : on estime qu'en 2015, ceux-ci seront deux fois plus nombreux qu'aujourd'hui.
9416:
12248:
9337:"C'est la variété du français la plus fluctuante. Le sabir franco-africain est instable et hétérogène sous toutes ses formes. Il existe des énoncés où les mots sont français mais leur ordre reste celui de la langue africaine. En somme, autant les langues africaines sont envahies par les structures et les mots français, autant la langue française se métamorphose en Afrique, donnant naissance à plusieurs variétés."
2703:
8326:"...sixty-eight or more Celtic words in standard Latin; not all of these came down into Romance.... did not survive among the people. Vulgar speech in Gaul used many others... at least 361 words of Gaulish provenance in French and Provençal. These Celtic words fell into more homely types than... borrowings from Germanː agriculture... household effects... animals... food and drink... trees... body -- 17 (
4337:, many of its spelling rules are likely due to a consistency in morphemic patterns such as adding suffixes and prefixes. Many given spellings of common morphemes usually lead to a predictable sound. In particular, a given vowel combination or diacritic generally leads to one phoneme. However, there is not a one-to-one relation of a phoneme and a single related grapheme, which can be seen in how
45:
3142:
3144:
2296:
2196:. This number does not include the people living in non-Francophone African countries who have learned French as a foreign language. Due to the rise of French in Africa, the total French-speaking population worldwide is expected to reach 700 million people in 2050. French is the fastest growing language on the continent (in terms of either official or foreign languages).
2494:. It is the principal language of education, administration, business, and public signage and is spoken by all educated Haitians. It is also used for ceremonial events such as weddings, graduations, and church masses. The vast majority of the population speaks Haitian Creole as their first language; the rest largely speak French as a first language. As a
1437:. Of Europeans who speak other languages natively, approximately one-fifth are able to speak French as a second language. French is the second-most taught foreign language in the EU. All institutions of the EU use French as a working language along with English and German; in certain institutions, French is the sole working language (e.g. at the
2749:
the percentage of the population who reported that French was the language they use the most at home rose from 67% at the 2007 census to 74% at the 2017 census. In Wallis and Futuna, the percentage of the population who reported that French was the language they use the most at home rose from 10% at the 2008 census to 13% at the 2018 census.
6697:) of the French language academies of France and Quebec has been to provide French equivalents to (mainly English) imported words, either by using existing vocabulary, extending its meaning or deriving a new word according to French morphological rules. The result is often two (or more) co-existing terms for describing the same phenomenon.
8342:, and the remainder divided among weapons, religion, literature, music, persons, sickness and mineral. It is evident that the peasants were the last to hold to their Celtic. The count on the Celtic element was made by Leslie Moss at the University of North Carolina... based on unanimity of agreement among the best lexicographers...
10355:
2694:
varies depending on the region and social status. One-third of high school students educated in French go on to pursue higher education in
English-speaking institutions. English is the language of business and communication, with French being an element of social distinction, chosen for its emotional value.
9364:
Il existe une autre variété de français, beaucoup plus répandue et plus permissive : le français local. C'est un français très influencé par les langues centrafricaines, surtout par le sango. Cette variété est parlée par les classes non-instruites, qui n'ont pu terminer leur scolarité. Ils usent
4293:
French spelling, like
English spelling, tends to preserve obsolete pronunciation rules. This is mainly due to extreme phonetic changes since the Old French period, without a corresponding change in spelling. Moreover, some conscious changes were made to restore Latin orthography (as with some English
3126:
In
English-speaking Canada, the United Kingdom, and Ireland, French is the first foreign language taught and in number of pupils is far ahead of other languages. In the United States, French is the second-most commonly taught foreign language in schools and universities, although well behind Spanish.
3100:
language of the world, ahead of
Spanish. His criteria were the numbers of native speakers, the number of secondary speakers (especially high for French among fellow world languages), the number of countries using the language and their respective populations, the economic power of the countries using
2748:
In French
Polynesia and to a lesser extent Wallis and Futuna, where oral and written knowledge of the French language has become almost universal (95% and 84% respectively), French increasingly tends to displace the native Polynesian languages as the language most spoken at home. In French Polynesia,
1687:
of Latin longer than most other
Romance languages (with the notable exception of Romanian which still currently maintains a case distinction), differentiating between an oblique case and a nominative case. The phonology was characterized by heavy syllabic stress, which led to the emergence of various
1524:
Due to Roman rule, Latin was gradually adopted by the inhabitants of Gaul. As the language was learned by the common people, it developed a distinct local character, with grammatical differences from Latin as spoken elsewhere, some of which is attested in graffiti. This local variety evolved into the
6302:
of the subject and verb, as in "Parlez-vous français ?" when asking a question rather than "Vous parlez français ?" Both formulations are used, and carry a rising inflection on the last word. The literal
English translations are "Do you speak French?" and "You speak French?", respectively.
2596:
and the opening of a unified
Vietnam's economy, French has gradually been effectively displaced as the first foreign language of choice by English in Vietnam. Nevertheless, it continues to be taught as the other main foreign language in the Vietnamese educational system and is regarded as a cultural
2232:
is the region where the French language is most likely to expand, because of the expansion of education and rapid population growth. It is also where the language has evolved the most in recent years. Some vernacular forms of French in Africa can be difficult to understand for French speakers from
3109:
Knowledge of French is often considered to be a useful skill by business owners in the United
Kingdom; a 2014 study found that 50% of British managers considered French to be a valuable asset for their business, thus ranking French as the most sought-after foreign language there, ahead of German
2693:
and 40% Anglophone. The use of
English is growing in the business and media environment. Out of about 900,000 students, about 500,000 are enrolled in Francophone schools, public or private, in which the teaching of mathematics and scientific subjects is provided in French. Actual usage of French
2316:
French is the second-most common language in Canada, after English, and both are official languages at the federal level. It is the first language of 9.5 million people or 29% and the second language for 2.07 million or 6% of the entire population of Canada. French is the sole official
8127:
change which is found in all Western Romania... more reservations have been expressed about... ū > ..."; :"Summary on page 67: "There can be no doubt that the way French stands out from the other Western Romance languages (Vidos 1956: 363) is largely due to the intensity of its Celtic
8376:
5326:. According to the French lexicogrammatical system, French has a rank-scale hierarchy with clause as the top rank, which is followed by group rank, word rank, and morpheme rank. A French clause is made up of groups, groups are made up of words, and lastly, words are made up of morphemes.
1397:
French is estimated to have about 310 million speakers, of which about 80 million are native speakers. According to the OIF, approximately 321 million people worldwide are "able to speak the language" as of 2022, without specifying the criteria for this estimation or whom it encompasses.
9283:
2406:(2011), French is the fourth most spoken language in the United States after English, Spanish, and Chinese, when all forms of French are considered together and all dialects of Chinese are similarly combined. French is the second-most spoken language (after English) in the states of
1631:
The beginning of French in Gaul was greatly influenced by Germanic invasions into the country. These invasions had the greatest impact on the northern part of the country and on the language there. A language divide began to grow across the country. The population in the north spoke
3105:
associated with the mastery of the language (Weber highlighted that French in particular enjoys considerable linguistic prestige). In a 2008 reassessment of his article, Weber concluded that his findings were still correct since "the situation among the top ten remains unchanged."
1806:
dialect is one that not only continued but also thrived during the Middle French period (14th–17th centuries). Modern French grew out of this Francien dialect. Grammatically, during the period of Middle French, noun declensions were lost and there began to be standardized rules.
1262:
5243:
accepted some changes to French orthography. At the time the proposed changes were considered to be suggestions. In 2016, schoolbooks in France began to use the newer recommended spellings, with instruction to teachers that both old and new spellings be deemed correct.
2665:
as the sole official language, while a special law regulates cases when French can be publicly used. Article 11 of Lebanon's Constitution states that "Arabic is the official national language. A law determines the cases in which the French language is to be used". The
9365:
ce qu'ils connaissent du français avec des emprunts massifs aux langues locales. Cette variété peut causer des problèmes de compréhension avec les francophones des autres pays, car les interférences linguistiques, d'ordre lexical et sémantique, sont très importantes.
1648:. Langue d'oïl grew into what is known as Old French. The period of Old French spanned between the 8th and 14th centuries. Old French shared many characteristics with Latin. For example, Old French made use of different possible word orders just as Latin did because
2584:. It continues to be an administrative language in Laos and Cambodia, although its influence has waned in recent decades. In colonial Vietnam, the elites primarily spoke French, while many servants who worked in French households spoke a French pidgin known as "
2321:, being the mother tongue for some 7 million people, or almost 80% (2006 Census) of the province. About 95% of the people of Quebec speak French as either their first or second language, and for some as their third language. Quebec is also home to the city of
5397:, both the singular and plural form of a noun are pronounced identically. The article used for singular nouns is different from that used for plural nouns and the article provides a distinguishing factor between the two in speech. For example, the singular
3143:
1243:
1568:, the word for "yes"), sound changes shaped by Gaulish influence, and influences in conjugation and word order. Recent computational studies suggest that early gender shifts may have been motivated by the gender of the corresponding word in Gaulish.
8384:
7847:
3858:), or reduced to zero in some word-final positions. For other speakers, a uvular trill is also common, and an apical trill occurs in some dialects. The cluster /ʁw/ is generally pronounced as a labialised voiced uvular fricative , such as in
4556:: Within words, double consonants are generally not pronounced as geminates in modern French (but geminates can be heard in the cinema or TV news from as recently as the 1970s, and in very refined elocution they may still occur). For example,
9280:
2378:, the Canadian capital, is also effectively bilingual, as it has a large population of federal government workers, who are required to offer services in both French and English, and is across a river from Quebec, opposite the major city of
1993:
made it mandatory for legal documents in 1539. France mandates the use of French in official government publications, public education except in specific cases, and legal contracts; advertisements must bear a translation of foreign words.
1432:
and partial speakers) lived in Europe, 36% in sub-Saharan Africa and the Indian Ocean, 15% in North Africa and the Middle East, 8% in the Americas, and 1% in Asia and Oceania. French is the second-most widely spoken mother tongue in the
9016:
6303:
To avoid inversion while asking a question, "Est-ce que" (literally "is it that") may be placed at the beginning of the sentence. "Parlez-vous français ?" may become "Est-ce que vous parlez français ?" French also uses
9557:
Under the 1987 Constitution, adopted after the overthrow of Jean‑Claude Duvalier's dictatorship, [Haitian] Creole and French have been the two official languages, but most of the population speaks only Creole
2498:, Haitian Creole draws the large majority of its vocabulary from French, with influences from West African languages, as well as several European languages. It is closely related to Louisiana Creole and the creole from the
2333:
are the only officially bilingual provinces, though full bilingualism is enacted only in New Brunswick, where about one third of the population is Francophone. French is also an official language of all of the territories
4204:("the man who saw him"). However, for Belgian French the sentences are pronounced differently; in the first sentence the syllable break is as "qu'il-a", while the second breaks as "qui-l'a". It can also be noted that, in
1577:, which is often viewed as representing standardized French, while if non-standard dialects are included, the number increases to 240. Known Gaulish loans are skewed toward certain semantic fields, such as plant life (
10821:
10150:
10017:
6079:
The imperative is used in the present tense (with the exception of a few instances where it is used in the perfect tense). The imperative is used to give commands to you (tu), we/us (nous), and plural you (vous).
1374:(OIF), the community of 54 member states which share the official use or teaching of French. It is spoken as a first language (in descending order of the number of speakers) in France; Canada (especially in the
4519:
becomes silent and causes the preceding vowel to become nasalized (i.e., pronounced with the soft palate extended downward so as to allow part of the air to leave through the nostrils). Exceptions are when the
10753:
9727:
3942:
French pronunciation follows strict rules based on spelling, but French spelling is often based more on history than phonology. The rules for pronunciation vary between dialects, but the standard rules are:
5931:
The subjunctive mood only includes four of the tense-aspect forms found in the indicative: present (présent), simple past (passé composé), past imperfective (imparfait), and pluperfect (plus-que-parfait).
7843:
9050:
2418:, it is tied with Spanish for second-most spoken if Louisiana French and all creoles such as Haitian are included. French is the third most spoken language (after English and Spanish) in the states of
1811:
published the first Latin-French dictionary, which included information about phonetics, etymology, and grammar. Politically, the first government authority to adopt Modern French as official was the
10309:
3038:(used alongside English). Given the demographic prospects of the French-speaking nations of Africa, researcher Pascal-Emmanuel Gobry wrote in 2014 that French "could be the language of the future".
630:
7481:
1982:
Spoken by 19.71% of the European Union's population, French is the third most widely spoken language in the EU, after English and German and the second-most-widely taught language after English.
6775:
learned words are not seen as foreign). About 25% (1,054) of these foreign words come from English and are fairly recent borrowings. The others are some 707 words from Italian, 550 from ancient
6993:) is used in French numbers as a decimal point, i.e. "2,5" instead of "2.5". In the case of currencies, the currency markers are substituted for decimal point, i.e. "5$ 7" for "5 dollars and 7
705:
9471:"Language Spoken at Home by Ability to Speak English for the Population 5 Years and Over : Universe: Population 5 years and over: 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates??"
9470:
5189:, compare with English word "isle"). The explanation is that some words share the same orthography, so the circumflex is put here to mark the difference between the two words. For example,
8914:
782:
7016:
Tous les êtres humains naissent libres et égaux en dignité et en droits. Ils sont doués de raison et de conscience et doivent agir les uns envers les autres dans un esprit de fraternité.
10588:
9009:
2394:
French language spread in the United States. Counties marked in lighter pink are those where 6–12% of the population speaks French at home; medium pink, 12–18%; darker pink, over 18%.
7748:
6822:
One study analyzing the degree of differentiation of Romance languages in comparison to Latin estimated that among the languages analyzed French has the greatest distance from Latin.
4363:
As a result, it can be difficult to predict the spelling of a word based on the sound. Final consonants are generally silent, except when the following word begins with a vowel (see
10047:
1456:
French has a long history as an international language of literature and scientific standards and is a primary or second language of many international organisations including the
532:
13533:
7427:
7397:
2623:
even after its cession to India in 1956 until 1965. A small number of older locals still retain knowledge of the language, although it has now given way to Tamil and English.
1937:
with French..." Students were taught that their ancestral languages were inferior and they should be ashamed of them; this process was known in the Occitan-speaking region as
9646:
3041:
Significant as a judicial language, French is one of the official languages of such major international and regional courts, tribunals, and dispute-settlement bodies as the
10142:
10009:
9897:
2354:
ensures that provincial services are to be available in the language. The Act applies to areas of the province where there are significant Francophone communities, namely
7032:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
8980:
10076:
8123:
Celtic influences on French discussed in pages 64-67. Page 65:"In recent years the primary role of the substratum... has been disputed. Best documented is the CT- >
7873:
16630:
6459:
roots. In many cases, a single etymological root appears in French in a "popular" or native form, inherited from Vulgar Latin, and a learned form, borrowed later from
1617:), weapons, and products traded regionally rather than further afield. This semantic distribution has been attributed to peasants being the last to hold onto Gaulish.
9677:
11916:
7139:
3062:
2798:
9719:
8510:
8476:
Pope, Mildred K. (1934). From Latin to Modern French with Especial Consideration of Anglo-Norman Phonology and Morphology. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
5369:
is either masculine or feminine. Because French nouns are not inflected for gender, a noun's form cannot specify its gender. For nouns regarding the living, their
11696:
9953:
9114:
5381:. However, plural nouns that refer to a group that includes both masculine and feminine entities are always masculine. So a group of two male teachers would be
3050:
7124:
2999:
2974:, French is taught in universities around the world, and is one of the world's most influential languages because of its wide use in the worlds of journalism,
1347:
385:
9552:
9043:
3096:, a comprehensive academic study entitled "The World's 10 most influential languages". In the article, Weber ranked French as, after English, the second-most
10761:
4929:
2346:). Out of the three, Yukon has the most French speakers, making up just under 4% of the population. Furthermore, while French is not an official language in
10647:
1997:
In Belgium, French is an official language at the federal level along with Dutch and German. At the regional level, French is the sole official language of
10847:
10409:
9751:
2286: Regions where French is an official language at the federal level but not a majority native language or an official language at the provincial level
9613:
7474:
9474:
1925:, in western Brittany, included the following: "And remember, Gents: you were given your position in order to kill the Breton language". The prefect of
16610:
16523:
13526:
13393:
13371:
9986:
9139:
4345:
both end with the /e/ phoneme. Additionally, there are many variations in the pronunciation of consonants at the end of words, demonstrated by how the
9290:"Furthermore, the demographic growth of Southern hemisphere countries leads us to anticipate a new increase in the overall number of French speakers."
8619:
2769:, the total number of French speakers will reach approximately 500 million in 2025 and 650 million by 2050, largely due to rapid population growth in
11129:
10301:
8313:
8017:
3023:
91:
9867:
9583:
7514:
16560:
10119:
2055:, where it is generally the preferred language of business as well as of the different public administrations. It is also the official language of
1897:'s "Report on the necessity and means to annihilate the patois and to universalize the use of the French language". When public education was made
16625:
8910:
8641:
3979:, are normally silent. (A consonant is considered "final" when no vowel follows it even if one or more consonants follow it.) The final letters
2066:
region of Italy where it is the first language of approximately 50% of the population, while French dialects remain spoken by minorities on the
777:
16800:
16084:
14154:
12530:
9039:
8153:
7752:
7183:
3110:(49%) and Spanish (44%). MIT economist Albert Saiz calculated a 2.3% premium for those who have French as a foreign language in the workplace.
2131:
1449:
and is on the top five of the most studied languages worldwide (with about 120 million learners as of 2017). As a result of French and Belgian
1442:
1369:
1021:
980:
712:
10580:
8833:
pp. 34–36 republished by the Belgian Federal Government Service (ministry) of Economy – Directorate–general Statistics Belgium. Archived from
16124:
13519:
12733:
12236:
12022:
11588:
11143:
10278:
3070:
3042:
1446:
8194:
Polinsky, Maria; Van Everbroeck, Ezra (2003). "Development of Gender Classifications: Modeling the Historical Change from Latin to French".
7781:
12508:
9208:
1954:
10791:
9390:
7387:
3897:
where the approximant and corresponding vowel contrast, but there are also many cases where they are in free variation. Contrasts between
16745:
14195:
10039:
9927:
9083:
2505:
French is the sole official language of all the overseas territories of France in the Caribbean that are collectively referred to as the
12214:
9327:
9259:
8876:
9161:
8588:
3854:, "wheel". Vowels are often lengthened before this segment. It can be reduced to an approximant, particularly in final position (e.g.,
3066:
1473:
727:
10221:
8550:
11361:
7109:
3842:
French has one rhotic whose pronunciation varies considerably among speakers and phonetic contexts. In general, it is described as a
1213:
10193:
9354:
7419:
11092:
8280:
Festschrift für Johannes Hubschmid zum 65. Geburtsag. Beiträge zur allgemeinen, indogermanischen und romanischen Sprachwissenschaft
8181:
The Celtic Languages in Contact: Papers from the Workshop Within the Framework of the XIII International Congress of Celtic Studies
2654:
2028:, of which Geneva is the largest city. The language divisions in Switzerland do not coincide with political subdivisions, and some
1477:
1390:
region); parts of Luxembourg; parts of the United States (the states of Louisiana, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont); Monaco; the
732:
9835:"P9-1 – Population de 14 ans et plus selon la connaissance du français, le sexe, par commune, "zone" et par province de résidence"
9636:
1880:
to protect the French language. By the early 1800s, Parisian French had become the primary language of the aristocracy in France.
16790:
16775:
11187:
10314:
French, spoken by 68 million people worldwide and the official language of 27 countries, was ranked second [to Mandarin].
9901:
4271:, "œ" and "æ", but they are often replaced in contemporary French with "oe" and "ae", because the ligatures do not appear on the
2805:
has rekindled discussions on whether or not French should again hold greater role within the institutions of the European Union.
2766:
1664:, a large percentage of the vocabulary (now at around 15% of modern French vocabulary) including the impersonal singular pronoun
9776:
8446:
16645:
16487:
13386:
11736:
11721:
11638:
9226:
CEFAN (Chaire pour le développement de la recherche sur la culture d'expression française en Amérique du Nord, Université Laval
7129:
6298:
although a pronoun object precedes the verb. Some types of sentences allow for or require different word orders, in particular
3082:
2794:
2679:
2233:
other countries, but written forms of the language are very closely related to those of the rest of the French-speaking world.
1438:
8973:
8944:
2478:(the latter only being discovered by linguists in the 1990s) but these varieties are severely endangered or presumed extinct.
787:
14646:
13360:
11489:
10950:
10914:
10860:
10698:
10622:
10530:
10073:
9507:
8870:
8819:
8783:
8683:
8582:
8504:
8307:
8278:
Müller, Bodo (1982). "Geostatistik der gallischen/keltischen Substratwörter in der Galloromania". In Winkelmann, Otto (ed.).
7972:
7945:
7915:
7869:
7824:
7541:
7144:
7023:
7007:
3417:
14578:
9513:
9438:
7978:
2978:, education, and diplomacy. In diplomacy, French is one of the six official languages of the United Nations (and one of the
2199:
French is mostly a second language in Africa, but it has become a first language in some urban areas, such as the region of
940: Countries, regions, and territories where French is an administrative or cultural language but with no official status
12120:
11147:
9669:
7094:
3054:
14381:
14376:
11065:
10722:
6690:, unstressed syllables were severely reduced and the remaining vowels and consonants underwent significant modifications.
5274:(singular or plural, though in most nouns the plural is pronounced the same as the singular even if spelled differently);
16725:
16640:
16182:
14320:
14208:
11843:
11606:
11262:
11252:
10247:
7134:
3424:
3388:
3019:
1375:
959:
14481:
14371:
13401:
9305:
3030:(alongside 32 other languages of which English is the most used, followed by Spanish, Portuguese, German, and Italian),
1713:
began to be produced in the eleventh century, with major early works often focusing on the lives of saints (such as the
16585:
14596:
12523:
11691:
11040:
9037:
2374:
dialect was historically spoken. Smaller pockets of French speakers exist in all other provinces. The Ontarian city of
1461:
10328:"The contribution of morphological awareness to the spelling of morphemes and morphologically complex words in French"
9957:
9106:
7651:
4574:
are used sometimes for pronunciation, sometimes to distinguish similar words, and sometimes based on etymology alone.
16760:
16670:
16620:
16117:
15435:
13379:
13356:
12726:
12229:
11663:
11648:
10932:
10461:
8083:
8011:
11078:
9536:
3127:
In some areas of the country near French-speaking Quebec, however, it is the foreign language more commonly taught.
2118:
Their population was 487.6 million in 2023, and it is forecast to reach between 870 million and 879 million in 2050.
1990:
1816:
1049:
16755:
16705:
16700:
16690:
16685:
16655:
15495:
11931:
11772:
11726:
7219:
6893:
3330:
2620:
1540:
1422:
437:
16735:
10379:"The late acquisition of a major difficulty of French inflectional orthography: The homophonic /E/ verbal endings"
6568:
Latin roots can be identified, whereas English conversely leans towards a more direct incorporation of the Latin:
2188:, an estimated 167 million African people spread across 35 countries and territories can speak French as either a
16710:
16518:
16389:
16202:
14783:
14388:
14188:
12811:
7149:
6826:
is 89% with Italian, 80% with Sardinian, 78% with Rhaeto-Romance, and 75% with Romanian, Spanish and Portuguese.
4550:, but also specific combinations of vowels, sometimes with following consonants, to show which sound is intended.
3704:
Although there are many French regional accents, foreign learners normally use only one variety of the language.
3519:
3316:
3003:
2991:
2280: Regions where French is the main language and an official language at both the federal and provincial level
1469:
1077:
949:
722:
17:
11026:
10866:
10378:
9200:
8138:
Guiter, Henri (1995). "Sur le substrat gaulois dans la Romania". In Bochnakowa, Anna; Widlak, Stanislan (eds.).
16635:
16600:
16595:
16477:
16227:
15583:
15484:
13291:
11951:
11526:
10639:
9748:
9413:"Detailed Mother Tongue (186), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) (2006 Census)"
8701:"A Comparative Study of the Evolution of Prestige Formations and of Speakers' Attitudes in Occitan and Catalan"
7114:
3562:
3556:
3086:
3058:
1502:) that evolved out of the Gallo-Romance dialects spoken in northern France. The language's early forms include
1039:
15454:
12859:
9605:
9439:"Language Use in the United States: 2011, American Community Survey Reports, Camille Ryan, Issued August 2013"
7667:""French and the school are one" – the role of French in postcolonial Congolese education: memories of pupils"
2182:
The majority of the world's French-speaking population lives in Africa. According to a 2023 estimate from the
2048:. French is the native language of about 23% of the Swiss population, and is spoken by 50% of the population.
16785:
16780:
16770:
16750:
16720:
16680:
16590:
16575:
16570:
16399:
15391:
15069:
13760:
12516:
11874:
11494:
11435:
11430:
11002:
10993:
10439:
9841:
9229:
8898:
Une Vallée d'Aoste bilingue dans une Europe plurilingue / Una Valle d'Aosta bilingue in un'Europa plurilingue
6842:
counting. After the use of unique names for the numbers 1–16, those from 17 to 69 are counted by tens, while
5240:
4288:
4275:
keyboard layout used in French-speaking countries. However this is nonstandard in formal and literary texts.
3526:
3367:
3031:
2495:
2395:
1328:
1206:
1144:
1016:
910:
811:
12538:
11516:
9982:
9135:
8700:
7283:
880:
842:
829:
16740:
16715:
16660:
16605:
16565:
16492:
16444:
16314:
16309:
16110:
13978:
13215:
13195:
12719:
12664:
12222:
12202:
11941:
11420:
11257:
9641:
5212:
All other accents are used only to distinguish similar words, as in the case of distinguishing the adverbs
3570:
3542:
3353:
3323:
3074:
2616:
2518:
2351:
1401:
French is increasingly being spoken as a native language in Francophone Africa, especially in regions like
610:
585:
15518:
14921:
14070:
13931:
13685:
8748:
8297:
8001:
5122:
5114:
5094:
4678:
4674:
4666:
4635:
4631:
4604:
4600:
4459:
4455:
4443:
4419:
4415:
3917:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3870:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3801:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
2585:
1532:
The evolution of Latin in Gaul was shaped by its coexistence for over half a millennium beside the native
1453:
from the 16th century onward, French was introduced to new territories in the Americas, Africa, and Asia.
16730:
16665:
16650:
16580:
16555:
15959:
15397:
14366:
14295:
13730:
13680:
13337:
13101:
12674:
12651:
12244:
12059:
11779:
11653:
11643:
11391:
11232:
11180:
9871:
9579:
9077:
8969:
8723:
8611:
7506:
6874:, literally "sixty-fifteen". The vigesimal method of counting is analogous to the archaic English use of
6308:
6304:
6295:
4685:, but this differentiation is disappearing. In the mid-18th century, the circumflex was used in place of
4077:
3577:
3489:
2563:
2403:
767:
13740:
10111:
5935:
Within the subjunctive mood, the passé composé and plus-que-parfait use auxiliary verbs in their forms.
4901:
only occurs in some proper names and in modern editions of old French texts. Some proper names in which
4406:
French writing, as with any language, is affected by the spoken language. In Old French, the plural for
16765:
16695:
16675:
16615:
16449:
16274:
15680:
15252:
14687:
14245:
14181:
13824:
13490:
11970:
11891:
11658:
11568:
11547:
11247:
11237:
11227:
10813:
9370:
One example of a variety of African French that is difficult to understand for European French speakers
4391:. The same words followed by a vowel, however, may sound the consonants, as they do in these examples:
4326:
3591:
3395:
3247:
3046:
2945:
2733:, where 31% of the population was estimated to speak it in 2023. In the French special collectivity of
2667:
2632:
2555:
2309:, which is also a valid French word, is used in France and other French-speaking countries and regions.
2250:
2246:
2242:
2017:, where it is spoken by the majority of the population (approx. 80%), often as their primary language.
1728:
1710:
1351:
1284:
934: Countries and territories where French is an official language but not a majority native language
13809:
10505:
10483:
6686:
It can be difficult to identify the Latin source of native French words because in the evolution from
5236:
Some proposals exist to simplify the existing writing system, but they still fail to gather interest.
5149:, is replaced with a back vowel. To retain the pronunciation of the ⟨c⟩, it is given a cedilla, as in
5141:
is never found in front of front vowels. This letter is used when a front vowel after ⟨c⟩, such as in
1887:
began to pursue policies with the end goal of eradicating the many minorities and regional languages (
1650:
it had a case system that retained the difference between nominative subjects and oblique non-subjects
16454:
16416:
15267:
15179:
14788:
14629:
14344:
14273:
14255:
14238:
14233:
14223:
12761:
12499:
12298:
12150:
11906:
11821:
11794:
11711:
11506:
11351:
8649:
7099:
6800:
6396:
4112:
is never pronounced and the silent final consonant of a noun is only pronounced in the plural and in
3603:
3496:
3360:
3120:
2538:
2254:
1909:
were made especially clear to the French-speaking teachers sent to teach students in regions such as
1705:
615:
237:
217:
13972:
8208:
7538:
Le français à Abidjan : Pour une approche syntaxique du non-standard Broché – 25 septembre 2002
7460:
7373:
5441:
refers to a female dentist. Furthermore, a few nouns' meanings depend on their gender. For example,
5045:
16550:
16374:
15972:
15876:
14749:
14697:
14476:
14424:
13409:
11731:
11701:
11306:
10976:
9898:"Les premiers résultats du recensement de la population 2018 – Principaux_tableaux_population_2018"
7207:
4184:, drop their final vowel when placed before a word that begins with a vowel sound (thus avoiding a
3505:
3254:
3015:
1465:
1300:
1199:
1086:
989:
904:
752:
417:
70:
10270:
9079:
2325:, which is the world's fourth-largest French-speaking city, by number of first language speakers.
1872:, enjoyed a period of prosperity and prominence among European nations. Richelieu established the
16795:
16344:
16304:
16284:
16264:
16167:
15340:
14931:
14885:
14766:
14739:
14678:
14615:
14561:
14268:
14228:
13772:
13590:
13585:
13542:
13175:
13111:
12436:
12426:
11987:
11869:
11816:
11762:
11716:
11405:
10757:
8720:
7800:
6780:
6299:
3843:
3337:
3279:
3263:
3007:
2913:
2559:
2014:
1930:
1875:
1272:
772:
354:
299:
242:
232:
207:
14936:
12869:
11012:
9834:
7069:
2086:, with French being taught from pre-school and over 43% of citizens being able to speak French.
16482:
16279:
16058:
15274:
14692:
14638:
14290:
13961:
13343:
13322:
13058:
12092:
12054:
12012:
11997:
11789:
11611:
11511:
11173:
10783:
9382:
8203:
7578:
7560:
6812:
6808:
6422:
6412:
5468:
The French language consists of both finite and non-finite moods. The finite moods include the
4934:
3180:
3115:
2642:
2367:
2029:
1986:
1857:
was written in English as well as French was the "first diplomatic blow" against the language.
1571:
The estimated number of French words that can be attributed to Gaulish is placed at 154 by the
1324:
1105:
294:
87:
14036:
11031:
9931:
8771:
5209:= must, have to, owe; in this case, the circumflex disappears in the plural and the feminine).
2935:
16502:
16434:
16404:
16359:
16354:
16329:
16187:
16090:
16035:
15841:
15836:
15489:
15467:
15358:
15286:
15109:
14771:
14534:
14160:
14047:
13936:
13843:
13500:
13428:
12659:
12017:
12007:
11799:
11623:
11531:
11466:
9324:
9251:
8860:
8494:
7223:
6989:
French, like most European languages, uses a space to separate thousands. The comma (French:
4720:
4539:
4268:
4257:
4048:
3375:
3286:
3210:
3203:
3027:
3011:
2982:'s only two working languages), one of twenty official and three procedural languages of the
2335:
2020:
French is one of the four official languages of Switzerland, along with German, Italian, and
1918:
1840:
1054:
432:
16472:
15754:
14722:
12924:
9168:
8572:
8486:
8060:
7059:
6854:) is used as a base number in the names of numbers from 70 to 99. The French word for 80 is
6311:(OSV) word order. OSV word order is not used often and VOS is reserved for formal writings.
5329:
French grammar shares several notable features with most other Romance languages, including
4962:
3815:
French has three pairs of homorganic fricatives distinguished by voicing, i.e., labiodental
1366:
official, administrative, or cultural language. Most of these countries are members of the
16394:
16384:
16334:
16294:
16252:
16247:
16242:
16232:
16217:
16212:
16207:
16192:
16177:
16172:
16162:
16157:
16152:
16147:
16040:
15814:
15430:
15403:
15329:
15189:
14988:
14916:
14868:
14862:
14825:
14808:
14057:
13926:
13667:
13495:
13327:
13139:
13028:
12851:
12816:
12778:
12692:
12682:
12546:
12368:
12340:
12042:
11583:
11521:
11410:
11301:
10084:
9954:"Tableau Pop_06_1: Population selon le sexe, la connaissance du français et l'âge décennal"
8546:
7705:
4185:
3295:
3217:
2475:
1926:
1898:
1854:
1546:
The Gaulish language likely survived into the sixth century in France despite considerable
1149:
15824:
15237:
14305:
14127:
14030:
12884:
12380:
4971:
3808:), but it is most frequently found in intervocalic, onset position or word-finally (e.g.,
3035:
8:
16497:
16439:
16379:
16369:
16349:
16339:
16324:
16319:
16299:
16269:
16237:
16222:
16197:
16133:
15525:
15417:
15385:
15379:
15000:
14960:
14926:
14754:
14518:
13946:
13804:
13766:
13595:
13332:
13296:
12972:
12841:
12742:
12626:
12598:
12350:
12252:
12125:
12082:
12002:
11956:
11833:
11826:
11806:
11767:
11679:
11471:
11440:
11415:
11381:
11283:
11278:
10676:
9351:
8815:
7796:
7777:
7392:
7154:
6232:. The active voice is unmarked while the passive voice is formed by using a form of verb
5370:
5010:
4536:
are always nasalized. The rules are more complex than this but may vary between dialects.
3303:
3102:
2908:
2859:
2814:
2371:
2269:
2089:
1906:
1869:
1839:). It retained this role until approximately the middle of the 20th century, when it was
1700:
1295:—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French (
1044:
15788:
15221:
14896:
14830:
14116:
13568:
13464:
12335:
11104:
6624:
3708:
There are a maximum of 17 vowels in French, not all of which are used in every dialect:
2760:
2514:
1933:
wrote in 1846: "Our schools in the Basque Country are particularly meant to replace the
1660:, which non-exhaustively included the use in upper-class speech and higher registers of
1292:
1006:
605:
247:
16409:
16364:
16289:
16259:
16030:
15759:
15615:
15573:
15539:
15533:
15423:
15366:
15323:
15306:
15044:
15037:
14873:
14661:
14602:
14458:
14446:
14325:
14263:
14089:
13745:
13707:
13638:
13605:
13511:
13306:
13241:
13083:
13020:
13005:
12874:
12796:
12791:
12588:
12580:
12466:
12037:
11982:
11936:
11784:
11750:
11334:
10401:
10347:
8830:
8438:
8237:
8229:
8147:
7119:
6823:
6776:
6352:
5532:
5489:
5303:
5287:
5279:
5271:
5013:. Nevertheless, since the 1990 orthographic changes, the diaeresis in words containing
4975:
4912:
4284:
3225:
3170:
2950:
2864:
2770:
2506:
2435:
2229:
2041:
1865:
1732:
1312:
1130:
1111:
1100:
1011:
164:
96:
15808:
14300:
13755:
8003:
Comparative Historical Dialectology: Italo-Romance Clues to Ibero-Romance Sound Change
5588:
4854:
2051:
Along with Luxembourgish and German, French is one of the three official languages of
1635:
896:
15987:
15966:
15886:
15846:
15705:
15633:
15627:
15551:
15443:
15353:
15294:
15206:
15164:
14965:
14911:
14717:
14702:
14673:
14656:
14566:
14529:
14498:
14486:
14405:
14393:
14310:
14285:
14279:
14204:
14173:
14081:
13916:
13784:
13735:
13618:
13286:
13236:
13091:
13073:
13068:
13048:
13043:
12995:
12929:
12618:
12461:
12376:
12323:
12183:
12165:
12160:
12145:
12130:
12069:
12032:
11946:
11879:
11857:
11838:
11706:
11633:
11456:
11356:
11242:
11222:
11199:
10946:
10928:
10910:
10903:
10887:
Vers les sources des langues romanes: Un itinéraire linguistique à travers la Romania
10856:
10694:
10618:
10351:
9772:
9544:
9503:
8866:
8797:
8789:
8779:
8679:
8578:
8500:
8467:
Rowlett, P. 2007. The Syntax of French. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Page 4
8442:
8430:
8410:
8303:
8221:
8079:
8007:
7968:
7941:
7911:
7727:
7686:
7666:
7600:
7239:
6796:
6362:
5546:
5353:
5343:
5311:
5299:
4430:
ending, very common in Latin, was then abbreviated by copyists (monks) by the letter
3753:
3534:
3346:
3272:
3175:
2995:
2891:
2742:
2719:
2223:
2079:
1884:
1849:
1820:
1803:
1743:
1724:
1719:
1657:
1489:
1343:
1316:
1268:
1030:
757:
620:
447:
227:
15829:
14798:
14776:
13628:
12451:
12446:
10405:
6600:
4560:
is pronounced and not . However, gemination does occur between words; for example,
3881:). In the onset, the central approximants , , and each correspond to a high vowel,
2773:. OIF estimates 700 million French speakers by 2050, 80% of whom will be in Africa.
2592:
continued to use French in administration, education, and trade. However, since the
1894:
955:
15940:
15930:
15915:
15903:
15819:
15768:
15732:
15710:
15697:
15691:
15620:
15609:
15513:
15478:
15462:
15311:
15299:
15232:
15196:
15184:
15152:
15077:
15049:
15022:
14852:
14847:
14835:
14815:
14803:
14744:
14651:
14608:
14549:
14544:
14539:
14503:
14434:
14418:
14315:
14122:
14076:
14052:
14001:
13996:
13984:
13861:
13789:
13633:
13623:
13577:
13458:
13454:
13438:
13281:
13271:
13256:
13251:
13246:
13170:
13165:
13155:
13121:
13063:
13010:
12957:
12919:
12864:
12826:
12786:
12756:
12641:
12471:
12441:
12421:
12372:
12360:
12317:
12313:
12302:
12287:
12282:
12097:
12049:
11921:
11896:
11386:
10522:
10393:
10339:
10185:
8936:
8422:
8260:
8241:
8213:
8056:
8044:
7903:
7717:
7678:
7590:
6792:
6784:
6382:
6372:
6342:
6332:
5564:
5481:
5473:
5334:
5307:
5291:
5283:
4553:
4364:
3931:
3190:
3165:
3160:
3136:
2918:
2881:
2844:
2738:
2711:
2569:
2471:
2462:), but is nearly extinct today. French also survived in isolated pockets along the
2431:
2359:
2075:
2037:
2021:
1844:
1536:
1533:
1526:
1495:
1304:
1177:
1172:
1163:
551:
212:
15715:
15665:
12406:
11559:
11398:
9445:
8834:
8264:
7828:
7682:
7579:"From foreign to national: a review of the status of the French language in Gabon"
6573:
6485:
2957:
589:
16024:
16010:
15891:
15793:
15783:
15727:
15578:
15566:
15506:
15501:
15316:
15245:
15227:
15201:
15174:
15104:
15061:
14973:
14906:
14793:
14759:
14712:
14707:
14429:
14361:
14333:
14110:
14042:
14012:
13911:
13834:
13814:
13794:
13557:
13276:
13266:
13261:
13220:
13129:
13096:
13053:
13000:
12990:
12985:
12980:
12939:
12914:
12909:
12904:
12899:
12879:
12831:
12821:
12636:
12631:
12570:
12416:
12390:
12355:
12308:
12294:
12192:
12155:
12140:
12135:
12077:
11992:
11552:
11293:
11048:
10970:: an international organisation for the promotion of French language and culture
10509:
10487:
10465:
10443:
10143:"Want To Know The Language of the Future? The Data Suggests It Could Be...French"
10080:
10010:"Want To Know The Language Of The Future? The Data Suggests It Could Be...French"
9755:
9497:
9358:
9331:
9309:
9287:
9204:
8727:
8554:
8078:. Maynooth: Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland. p. 15.
7962:
7051:
6994:
6816:
6804:
6590:
6460:
6432:
5493:
5477:
5469:
4890:
4863:
4844:
4823:
4806:
4787:
4231:
3513:
3197:
3185:
2930:
2849:
2674:, and is taught in many schools along with Arabic and English. French is used on
2671:
2499:
2467:
2459:
2447:
2439:
2355:
2305:(French for "stop") are used in the province of Québec, Canada while the English
2193:
2067:
2006:
1989:, French has been the official language of the Republic since 1992, although the
1965:
1934:
1808:
1429:
1255:
1236:
1187:
1139:
1082:
340:
199:
187:
137:
15027:
13702:
12889:
11538:
8778:. Oxford Library of Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 468.
7722:
7622:
6617:
6273:
However, unless the subject of the sentence is specified, generally the pronoun
5540:
5373:
often correspond to that which they refer to. For example, a male teacher is an
4967:
4759:, indicates that a vowel is to be pronounced separately from the preceding one:
3022:
countries. It is also a working language in nonprofit organisations such as the
2362:. Elsewhere, sizable French-speaking minorities are found in southern Manitoba,
1861:
1116:
16075:
15982:
15977:
15898:
15778:
15740:
15472:
15032:
14978:
14948:
14840:
14524:
14452:
14398:
14147:
13966:
13956:
13799:
13750:
13697:
13674:
13657:
13613:
13210:
13160:
13134:
13033:
12894:
12836:
12565:
12560:
12431:
12411:
12364:
12345:
12329:
12115:
12110:
12102:
11926:
11884:
11461:
10938:
10736:
10714:
9044:"Francoscope. « 327 millions de francophones dans le monde en 2023 »"
9005:
7706:"Language-in-Education Policy and Practice in the Democratic Republic of Congo"
6881:
6788:
6772:
6759:
5582:
5323:
5253:
4235:
3651:
3550:
3234:
3101:
the language, the number of major areas in which the language is used, and the
3078:
2983:
2979:
2971:
2898:
2869:
2854:
2839:
2826:
2821:
2790:
2726:
2675:
2593:
2491:
2219:
2189:
2103:
2082:. The language is taught as the primary second language in the German state of
2045:
2010:
1975:
1643:
1525:
Gallo-Romance tongues, which include French and its closest relatives, such as
1457:
1434:
1332:
1308:
1154:
1072:
1063:
928: Countries and regions where French is the native language of the majority
737:
717:
345:
329:
182:
15121:
13871:
10343:
10239:
9925:
9865:
6963:), all numbers from 30 to 99 could be said in either base 10 or base 20, e.g.
6834:
The numeral system used in the majority of Francophone countries employs both
6634:
6509:
6475:
4881:
2390:
1291:, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other
16544:
16017:
15920:
15908:
15640:
15348:
15005:
14943:
14439:
13951:
13778:
13712:
13692:
13433:
13200:
12806:
12801:
12456:
12384:
12197:
12027:
11811:
11499:
10098:
The French-Speaking World: A Practical Introduction to Sociolinguistic Issues
9548:
9302:
8801:
8434:
8225:
7907:
7790:
7731:
7690:
7604:
7420:"Census in Brief: English, French and official language minorities in Canada"
7251:
7104:
6889:
6768:
6523:
6456:
6229:
5570:
5516:
5515:
The indicative mood makes use of eight tense-aspect forms. These include the
5405:(the male or female teacher, professor) can be distinguished from the plural
5347:
4450:
was reestablished in orthography for consistency, resulting in modern French
4205:
3455:
3406:
3309:
3240:
3119:
ranked French the third most useful language for business, after English and
2975:
2903:
2886:
2874:
2834:
2734:
2715:
2606:
2589:
2534:
2427:
2411:
2326:
2130: Countries that are not Francophone but are Members or Observers of the
1970:
1836:
1797:
1748:
1661:
1649:
1519:
1507:
873:
742:
682:
580:
573:
561:
361:
309:
60:
31:
11152:
10739:, especially the section "Counting system" and its note on the influence of
10116:
France Diplomatie: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development
8117:
Pellegrini, Giovanni Battista (2011). "Substrata". In Posner; Green (eds.).
7844:"Le français est la deuxième langue la plus étudiée dans l'Union européenne"
6986:
was historically used in Switzerland for 80, but is now considered archaic.
6679:
6583:
6557:
6547:
2430:. Louisiana is home to many distinct French dialects, collectively known as
15799:
15659:
15099:
15054:
13941:
13819:
13474:
13469:
13423:
13301:
13205:
12962:
12700:
12603:
12593:
11911:
11616:
11573:
11373:
11344:
10458:
9670:"The Role of English in Vietnam's Foreign Language Policy: A Brief History"
9495:
9078:
Observatoire démographique et statistique de l'espace francophone (ODSEF).
8911:"Allemagne: le français, bientôt la deuxième langue officielle de la Sarre"
8490:
8140:
Munus amicitae. Studia linguistica in honorem Witoldi Manczak septuagenarii
7898:
Adams, J. N. (2007). "Chapter V – Regionalisms in provincial texts: Gaul".
7191:
7089:
7084:
7074:
6937:
6885:
6753:
It is estimated that 12% (4,200) of common French words found in a typical
6687:
6565:
6469:
6448:
6225:
5615:
is reserved for formal situations or for literary purposes. Similarly, the
5594:
5576:
5458:
4611:
4581:
4253:
4249:
4241:
3922:
3911:
3894:
3849:
2940:
2923:
2612:
2423:
2222:, but multiple forms that diverged through contact with various indigenous
2212:
2063:
2062:
At a regional level, French is acknowledged as an official language in the
2002:
1950:
1812:
1573:
1551:
1547:
1499:
1418:
1391:
1280:
1276:
1093:
642:
539:
336:
289:
172:
80:
13106:
10189:
9700:
The Routledge International Handbook of Language Education Policy in Asia.
8426:
8217:
7448:
7361:
6673:
6533:
6505:
6499:
5603:). Some forms are less commonly used today. In today's spoken French, the
2138:
1922:
864:
15861:
15854:
15591:
15157:
14064:
13866:
13404:
12947:
11578:
11481:
11326:
11100:
10397:
9197:
Le français à Abidjan : Pour une approche syntaxique du non-standard
9080:"Estimation du pourcentage et des effectifs de francophones (2023-03-15)"
7595:
7227:
7079:
6960:
6843:
6131:
The conditional makes use of the present (présent) and the past (passé).
5526:
5319:
4490:
4042:
When the following word begins with a vowel, however, a silent consonant
3691:
3673:
3665:
3657:
3643:
3636:
3623:
3483:
3475:
3468:
3450:
2690:
2597:
language. All three countries are full members of La Francophonie (OIF).
2443:
2419:
2363:
2204:
2033:
1835:
as the most important language of diplomacy and international relations (
1684:
1680:
1653:
1450:
1182:
847:
834:
512:
472:
156:
15126:
13876:
8411:"Word order in French, Spanish and Italian:A grammaticalization account"
6553:
6481:
6463:. The following pairs consist of a native noun and a learned adjective:
4027:
in a word of two or more syllables, but it is pronounced in some words (
3938:, "work", or when a word ending in ⟨al⟩ is pluralised, giving ⟨aux⟩ /o/.
2786:
said that French could become the world's most spoken language by 2050.
1539:, which did not go extinct until the late sixth century, long after the
919:
15169:
15139:
15131:
15087:
15082:
14732:
14491:
14024:
13895:
13889:
13882:
13038:
12087:
11316:
10967:
10581:"French fight franglais with alternatives for English technology terms"
10174:"On the Linguistic Design of Multinational Courts – The French Capture"
8233:
7453:
7366:
7315:
7291:
7263:
7255:
7203:
6956:
6754:
6694:
6541:
5558:
5485:
5315:
5259:
4642:
4547:
4245:
4113:
3681:
3628:
3585:
3460:
2637:
2522:
2510:
2463:
2208:
2052:
1676:
1626:
1503:
1414:
667:
507:
482:
477:
304:
16102:
12711:
10173:
9195:
7545:
7327:
6667:
6659:
6653:
6647:
6607:
6529:
6493:
5385:. A group of two male teachers and two female teachers would still be
4797:
3934:
when word- or morpheme-final and preceded by /i/, such as in /tʁavaj/
3026:(alongside English, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic and Russian),
1410:
15935:
15773:
15115:
14410:
13855:
12952:
12487:
11425:
10610:
9759:
9703:
7267:
6839:
6323:
5552:
5275:
4571:
4543:
2707:
2415:
2302:
2108:
1910:
1689:
1555:
1354:
in the world, with about 50 countries and territories having it as a
889:
857:
821:
803:
672:
556:
284:
15561:
10040:"Focus – EU after Brexit: Will the French language make a comeback?"
4564:("a news item" or "a piece of information") is pronounced , whereas
2615:, consisting of the geographically separate enclaves referred to as
1843:
as the United States became the dominant global power following the
1428:
In 2015, approximately 40% of the francophone population (including
15720:
15556:
15372:
14820:
14668:
10998:
8128:
substratum, compared with lateral areas like Iberia and Venetia..."
7231:
7199:
7045:
6948:
for 80. Conversely, Belgium and in its former African colonies use
6386:
4941:
4330:
3804:, which is written ⟨gn⟩, can occur in word initial position (e.g.,
2646:
2581:
2455:
2451:
2379:
2330:
2322:
2083:
1998:
1938:
1914:
1864:(17th century), France, under the rule of powerful leaders such as
1739:
1699:
The earliest evidence of what became Old French can be seen in the
1383:
1379:
1362:
1296:
967:
647:
442:
407:
15925:
10989:
10436:
10109:
9221:
8793:
6878:, as in "fourscore and seven" (87), or "threescore and ten" (70).
6517:
3051:
Court of Justice for the Economic Community of West African States
2737:, 97% of the population can speak, read and write French while in
15544:
15409:
15147:
14571:
14556:
13849:
12608:
12541:
11339:
11207:
9375:
7331:
7321:
7299:
7287:
7271:
7215:
7195:
6901:
6835:
5267:
5070:
4334:
4261:
4073:
3793:
can occur in final position in borrowed (usually English) words:
2783:
2730:
2686:
2658:
2573:
2541:, an archipelago off the coast of Newfoundland in North America.
2347:
2339:
2200:
2071:
2025:
1752:("Frankish language"), and because of increased contact with the
1402:
1387:
1356:
963:
695:
690:
677:
657:
637:
522:
502:
427:
402:
392:
152:
11165:
11007:
10523:"End of the circumflex? Changes in French spelling cause uproar"
8827:
KVS Express (Supplement to Newspaper de Morgen) March–April 2006
8772:"Applied Perspectives: Policies for Managing Cultural Diversity"
8676:
L'Imposture. Mensonges et manipulations de l'Histoire officielle
8255:
Schmitt, Christian (1997). "Keltische im heutigen Französisch".
7561:"Multilingual Cameroon Policy, Practice, Problems and Solutions"
5165:
The circumflex does not affect the pronunciation of the letters
2702:
15746:
15092:
15015:
14995:
14727:
14018:
14006:
13989:
13723:
12247:
11628:
11196:
10069:
8740:
7311:
7279:
7247:
7064:
6897:
4438:. As the French language further evolved, the pronunciation of
4272:
2802:
2778:
2767:
Réseau Démographie de l'Agence universitaire de la Francophonie
2662:
2375:
2318:
2056:
1889:
1559:
1406:
1320:
593:
497:
487:
462:
452:
412:
168:
160:
148:
10302:"Mandarin Chinese Most Useful Business Language After English"
9714:
9712:
9496:
Ammon, Ulrich; International Sociological Association (1989).
8179:
Matasovic, Ranko (2007). "Insular Celtic as a Language Area".
7704:
Katabe, Isidore M.; Tibategeza, Eustard R. (17 January 2023).
3034:(used alongside English, Spanish, Portuguese and Arabic), and
15010:
14983:
13921:
13718:
13662:
10740:
10552:
Caffarel, Alice; Martin, J.R.; Matthiessen, Christian M.I.M.
7305:
7275:
7243:
7235:
7187:
6452:
4528:
is doubled, or immediately followed by a vowel. The prefixes
2487:
2407:
2343:
2142:
Countries of Africa by percentage of French speakers in 2023
2116: Countries usually considered part of Francophone Africa
2093:
Distribution of native French speakers in 6 countries in 2023
1917:. Instructions given by a French official to teachers in the
1832:
1753:
1386:); western Switzerland (specifically the cantons forming the
598:
568:
544:
492:
467:
457:
397:
222:
10556:. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
7173:
Dots: cities with native transmission, typically a minority.
6920:. In Switzerland, depending on the local dialect, 80 can be
6289:
The car is (being) driven. (Literally "one drives the car.")
5060:) if applicable but use often French pronunciation, such as
4907:
11901:
11311:
10667:
10665:
10480:
9720:"English to continue as link language in Puducherry: Court"
9709:
7295:
7259:
7211:
5366:
5295:
5263:
4677:. In standard French, it also signifies a pronunciation of
2987:
2577:
2024:, and is spoken in the western part of Switzerland, called
1335:. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as
1288:
747:
662:
652:
517:
422:
10909:. Translated by Richard Howard. New York Review of Books.
10754:"Questions de langue: Nombres (écriture, lecture, accord)"
8571:
Battye, Adrian; Hintze, Marie-Anne; Rowlett, Paul (2003).
4462:
was dropped in contemporary French). The same is true for
4367:). For example, the following words end in a vowel sound:
4188:). The missing vowel is replaced by an apostrophe. (e.g.,
3869:
Lateral and central approximants: The lateral approximant
3018:
and the least used of the three official languages in the
2124: Countries sometimes considered as Francophone Africa
966:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
8534:
Charles de Bovelles, 1479–1553: An Intellectual Biography
8352:
8350:
7870:"How many people speak French and where is French spoken"
7140:
List of French words and phrases used by English speakers
4927:(family name and hotel on the Boulevard Raspail, Paris),
3063:
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
2797:, where it is the sole internal working language, or the
13541:
10673:
Description lexicale du français parlé en Vallée d'Aoste
10662:
8334:), dress... construction... birds... fish... insects...
6641:
There are also noun-noun and adjective-adjective pairs:
2295:
11036:
10502:
9499:
Status and Function of Languages and Language Varieties
8968:
8612:"Seduction Still Works: French – a Language in Decline"
8076:
Studies in the History of Celtic Pronouns and Particles
4196:). This gives, for example, the same pronunciation for
14203:
10693:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 110.
10327:
10240:"Foreign languages 'shortfall' for business, CBI says"
9463:
8937:"German region of Saarland moves towards bilingualism"
8763:
8347:
8193:
8160:
7125:
List of countries where French is an official language
4418:
sequence was unstable and was turned into a diphthong
3000:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
2741:
this figure is 95%, and in the French collectivity of
11037:
Centre national de ressources textuelles et lexicales
10551:
8774:. In Benet-Martínez, Verónica; Hong, Ying-Yi (eds.).
8296:
Holmes, Urban; Herman Schutz, Alexander (June 1938).
7900:
The Regional Diversification of Latin 200 BC – AD 600
4495:
4422:. This change was then reflected in the orthography:
3710:/a/,/ɑ/,/e/,/ɛ/,/ɛː/,/ə/,/i/,/o/,/ɔ/,/y/,/u/,/œ/,/ø/,
2685:
Today, French and English are secondary languages of
14895:
10074:"These are the most powerful languages in the world"
9926:
Institut Statistique de Polynésie Française (ISPF).
9866:
Institut Statistique de Polynésie Française (ISPF).
9770:
8574:
The French Language Today: A Linguistic Introduction
7652:"Mapped: Top 15 Countries by Native French Speakers"
7041:
1760:, numerous Arabic loanwords entered French, such as
1394:
region of Italy; and various communities elsewhere.
1283:, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from
10979:: Agency for promoting French as a foreign language
8730:, data for EU25, published before 2007 enlargement.
8570:
8295:
7776:
7576:
5389:. However, a group of two female teachers would be
5044:In addition, words coming from German retain their
4240:French is written with the 26 letters of the basic
4052:or "link" between the two words. Some liaisons are
2032:have bilingual status: for example, cities such as
2009:) and one of the two official languages—along with
1901:, only French was taught and the use of any other (
1717:), or wars and royal courts, notably including the
1352:
one of the most geographically widespread languages
10902:
10377:Brissaud, Catherine; Chevrot, Jean-Pierre (2011).
9815:
9803:
9791:
8964:
8962:
7772:
7770:
6283:The dog is loved. (Literally "one loves the dog.")
3081:. It is the sole internal working language of the
2568:French was the official language of the colony of
1550:. Coexisting with Latin, Gaulish helped shape the
16631:Languages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
10927:. (First U.S. ed.) New York: St. Martin's Press.
9956:(in French). Government of France. Archived from
9535:DeGraff, Michel; Ruggles, Molly (1 August 2014).
9383:"Francophonie ("Qu'est-ce que la Francophonie?")"
8808:
8669:
8667:
8291:
8289:
7499:
5484:(conditionnel). The non-finite moods include the
4791:) is nasalized in the regular way if followed by
3779:) are typically produced fully voiced throughout.
3006:(alongside Spanish, Portuguese and English), the
2757:According to a demographic projection led by the
1554:dialects that developed into French contributing
1378:of Quebec, Ontario, and New Brunswick); Belgium (
86:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
16542:
9637:"French Declines in Indochina, as English Booms"
9252:"Annonces import export Francophone – CECIF.com"
9073:
9071:
8404:
8402:
8110:
7710:European Journal of Language and Culture Studies
7703:
5356:and the creation of new tenses from auxiliaries.
4139:) makes it clearly pronounced. Doubling a final
3744:in many people's speech, but the distinction of
2965:
2682:, and on official buildings (alongside Arabic).
2382:with which it forms a single metropolitan area.
1802:Within Old French many dialects emerged but the
1725:epic cycles focused on King Arthur and his court
1447:most spoken language by total number of speakers
10578:
10565:
10563:
10376:
9928:"Recensement 2007 – Données détaillées Langues"
9868:"Recensement 2017 – Données détaillées Langues"
9415:. 2.statcan.ca. 7 December 2010. Archived from
9107:"French language growing, especially in Africa"
9010:"World Population Prospects: The 2022 Revision"
8959:
8770:Novoa, Cristina; Moghaddam, Fathali M. (2014).
8408:
7767:
7320:One country not member or observer of the OIF:
5463:
5393:. In many situations, including in the case of
5322:, while certain verb features are marked using
4546:to specify its large range of vowel sounds and
2370:in Newfoundland and Labrador, where the unique
1819:(1539) named French the language of law in the
10923:Nadeau, Jean-Benoît, and Julie Barlow (2006).
9534:
9040:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
8769:
8664:
8286:
8119:Romance Comparative and Historical Linguistics
7616:
7614:
7507:"French language is on the up, report reveals"
7184:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
6862:, literally "four twenties", and the word for
5224:("the" feminine singular) and the conjunction
5037:, and by analogy may be used in verbs such as
3995:, however, are normally pronounced. The final
2185:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
1696:which would later be leveled to monophthongs.
1370:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
713:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
16118:
14189:
13527:
13387:
12727:
12524:
12230:
11181:
11157:
10900:
10293:
9068:
8776:The Oxford Handbook of Multicultural Identity
8648:(in French). 18 November 2003. Archived from
8399:
8302:. Biblo & Tannen Publishers. p. 30.
7940:. Ellipses Edition Marketing S.A. p. 7.
7558:
7388:"The world's languages, in 7 maps and charts"
6783:, 215 from Arabic, 164 from German, 160 from
6134:The passé uses auxiliary verbs in its forms.
6126:
5421:/le(s)/ are all pronounced differently. With
3071:International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
2961:Varieties of the French language in the world
1776:(syrop), as well as scientific terms such as
1498:(meaning that it is descended primarily from
1207:
780:(Quebec Board of the French Language, Quebec)
11557:
11536:
11396:
10735:. See also the English Knowledge article on
10560:
10271:"Johnson: What is a foreign language worth?"
9698:Kirkpatrick, Andy and Anthony J. Liddicoat,
9362:
9335:
8485:
7623:"Linguistic policy challenges in Madagascar"
6942:
6930:
6922:
6914:
6906:
6904:, use different names for 70 and 90, namely
6868:
6856:
6848:
6767:(35,000 words) are of foreign origin (where
6693:More recently (1994) the linguistic policy (
5649:
5643:
5637:
5631:
5622:
5616:
5610:
5604:
5598:
5586:
5574:
5562:
5550:
5538:
5530:
5520:
5506:
4599:—school) means that the vowel is pronounced
4381:
4244:, with four diacritics appearing on vowels (
3010:, one of eighteen official languages of the
2758:
2183:
1955:Geographical distribution of French speakers
1893:) spoken in France. This began in 1794 with
1883:Near the beginning of the 19th century, the
1873:
1756:during the Crusades who referred to them as
1641:
1633:
1563:
1367:
1249:
1230:
124:
16085:languages with more than 5 million speakers
14155:varieties with more than 5 million speakers
10554:Language Typology: A Functional Perspective
10178:International Journal of Constitutional Law
9528:
9162:"Bulletin de liaison du réseau démographie"
8540:
8409:Lahousse, Karen; Lamiroy, Béatrice (2012).
8097:
8095:
7611:
7467:
5926:
5621:is used for speaking rather than the older
4630:—pupil) means that the vowel is pronounced
4168:Some monosyllabic function words ending in
3756:. In Quebec and Belgian French, the vowels
2486:French is one of two official languages in
16125:
16111:
15668:(mixed Romani–Ibero- and Occitano-Romance)
14196:
14182:
13534:
13520:
13394:
13380:
12734:
12720:
12531:
12517:
12237:
12223:
11188:
11174:
11039:: monolingual dictionaries (including the
10090:
9891:
9889:
9861:
9859:
9764:
9634:
9222:"L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde"
9004:
8248:
8152:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
8116:
8039:
8037:
8035:
7577:Ndinga-Koumba-Binza, H.S. (22 June 2011).
3067:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
3043:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
2697:
2670:is a widespread second language among the
2588:" (now extinct). After French rule ended,
1944:
1905:) language was punished. The goals of the
1742:in which French became so dominant in the
1474:General Conference on Weights and Measures
1214:
1200:
918:
728:General Conference on Weights and Measures
16611:Languages of the Central African Republic
10222:The World's 10 most influential languages
10217:
10215:
10213:
10211:
9773:"Article 11 of the Lebanese Constitution"
9038:Observatoire de la langue française de l'
8673:
8547:The World's 10 Most Influential Languages
8479:
8207:
8178:
8073:
8006:. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 51.
7721:
7664:
7594:
7110:Glossary of French expressions in English
6819:and 144 (about 3%) from other languages.
6447:The majority of French words derive from
6074:
5504:
4982:(an insurance company in eastern France).
2689:, with about 40% of the population being
1831:During the 17th century, French replaced
11032:Collins Online English↔French Dictionary
10983:
10884:
10299:
10141:Gobry, Pascal-Emmanuel (21 March 2014).
10110:The French Ministry of Foreign affairs.
9749:Pondicherry, the French outpost in India
9473:. Factfinder2.census.gov. Archived from
8356:
8166:
8101:
8092:
7931:
7929:
7927:
7893:
7891:
5654:all use auxiliary verbs in their forms.
5282:(masculine or feminine) of their nouns;
3140:
2956:
2701:
2636:
2537:on the South American continent, and of
2533:French is the official language of both
2389:
2137:
2107:
2088:
1969:
1683:, maintained a relic of the old nominal
1672:), and the name of the language itself.
1640:while the population in the south spoke
1478:International Committee of the Red Cross
733:International Committee of the Red Cross
631:Non-official but administrative/cultural
16561:Languages attested from the 9th century
16132:
12741:
11047:For other unilingual dictionaries, see
10814:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
10784:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
10715:"Septante, octante (huitante), nonante"
10688:
10637:
10268:
9946:
9919:
9886:
9856:
9635:Richardson, Michael (16 October 1993).
9555:from the original on 6 September 2015.
8900:, Aoste, Fondation Émile Chanoux, 2003.
8858:
8698:
8678:. France: Institut d'études occitanes.
8609:
8254:
8061:10.1146/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143852
8043:
8032:
7841:
5425:, however, for both singular forms the
4353:is not pronounced though at the end of
4046:once again be pronounced, to provide a
3947:Final single consonants, in particular
3079:World Trade Organization Appellate Body
2275:French language distribution in Canada
1601:), farming and rural units of measure (
1513:
960:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
778:Office québécois de la langue française
14:
16626:Languages of the Republic of the Congo
16543:
11130:La langue française dans le monde 2010
11019:
10849:La langue française dans le monde 2014
10415:from the original on 22 September 2019
10358:from the original on 18 September 2023
10208:
10153:from the original on 24 September 2015
10020:from the original on 24 September 2015
9989:from the original on 18 September 2023
9844:from the original on 18 September 2023
9516:from the original on 18 September 2023
9502:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 306–08.
9142:from the original on 18 September 2023
8879:from the original on 18 September 2023
8814:
8751:from the original on 17 September 2016
8741:"Explore language knowledge in Europe"
8591:from the original on 18 September 2023
8531:
8371:
8369:
8367:
8365:
8316:from the original on 18 September 2023
8277:
8137:
8020:from the original on 18 September 2023
7999:
7981:from the original on 18 September 2023
7743:
7741:
7620:
7130:List of English words of French origin
6266:"La voiture a été conduite par Marc."
4848:) or not pronounced, leaving only the
3083:Court of Justice of the European Union
2795:Court of Justice of the European Union
2776:In a study published in March 2014 by
2725:French is an official language of the
2678:banknotes, on road signs, on Lebanese
1439:Court of Justice of the European Union
1299:) largely supplanted. French was also
16106:
14177:
13515:
13375:
12715:
12512:
12218:
11169:
11156:
10725:from the original on 4 September 2010
10650:from the original on 5 September 2005
10325:
10250:from the original on 30 December 2018
10237:
10171:
10140:
9680:from the original on 25 February 2021
9214:
9104:
8986:from the original on 20 February 2024
8499:. St. Martin's Press. pp. 34ff.
8172:
7960:
7935:
7924:
7897:
7888:
7876:from the original on 21 November 2017
7559:Tove Rosendal, Tove Rosendal (2008).
7535:
7517:from the original on 1 September 2015
7357:
7355:
7353:
7351:
7145:List of German words of French origin
7024:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
7008:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
5310:, and the person and number of their
5162:Accents with no pronunciation effect
4989:appears in the Biblical proper names
4889:
4862:
4843:
4822:
4805:
4786:
4023:is usually silent when it follows an
1254:
1235:
136:
10631:
10503:Ortograf.net writing system proposal
10312:from the original on 29 March 2015.
10281:from the original on 9 December 2017
10122:from the original on 19 January 2012
10100:, Taylor & Francis, 2016, page 6
9779:from the original on 16 January 2013
9730:from the original on 21 October 2021
9668:says, Aly Chiman (1 February 2007).
9667:
9616:from the original on 2 February 2021
9586:from the original on 18 October 2016
9537:"A Creole Solution for Haiti's Woes"
9262:from the original on 17 January 2013
9232:from the original on 2 December 2016
9086:from the original on 24 January 2024
8947:from the original on 14 October 2018
8820:"Belgium's new linguistic challenge"
8257:Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie
8121:. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 43–74.
8047:(2004). "Language birth and death".
7665:Hulstaert, Karen (2 November 2018).
7095:French language in the United States
5445:(masculine) refers to a book, while
5220:("there", "where") from the article
4192:is instead pronounced and spelled →
3092:In 1997, George Weber published, in
3055:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
2710:(€4.20; US$ 5.00) banknote, used in
2611:French was the official language of
2528:
38:
10846:
10794:from the original on 7 January 2022
10609:
10050:from the original on 2 October 2020
9840:(in French). Government of France.
9821:
9809:
9797:
9649:from the original on 9 October 2018
8917:from the original on 22 August 2017
8362:
8106:. Paris: La Différence. p. 26.
7842:Develey, Alice (25 February 2017).
7749:"The status of French in the world"
7738:
7475:"La langue française dans le monde"
7400:from the original on 16 August 2015
7135:List of French loanwords in Persian
6405: Other Asian languages (2.12%)
6236:("to be") and the past participle.
4871:is nasalized in the regular way if
3930:The lateral approximant /l/ can be
3020:North American Free Trade Agreement
2799:Directorate-General for Agriculture
24:
16746:Languages of Saint Martin (island)
16089:Languages between parentheses are
14159:Languages between parentheses are
11148:French Ministry of Foreign Affairs
11079:Swadesh list in English and French
10894:
10579:metrowebukmetro (1 October 2012).
10437:Fonétik.fr writing system proposal
10072:Innovation and Policy Initiative,
9983:"Agora: La francophonie de demain"
9569:Ministère de l'Éducation nationale
9136:"Agora: La francophonie de demain"
9117:from the original on 25 March 2010
9056:from the original on 15 April 2023
8974:"2023 World Population Data Sheet"
8449:from the original on 27 April 2021
7850:from the original on 24 April 2017
7649:
7536:Ploog, Katja (25 September 2002).
7487:from the original on 17 March 2022
7430:from the original on 11 March 2018
7348:
7326:Two French territories in Africa:
6564:However, a historical tendency to
5009:, as well as French names such as
4577:Accents that affect pronunciation
4568:("a nymphomaniac") is pronounced .
4511:follows a vowel or diphthong, the
2621:official language of the territory
1652:. The period is marked by a heavy
1597:, etc.), domestic activities (ex.
1462:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
748:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
76:for transliterated languages, and
56:of its non-English content, using
25:
16812:
16524:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
15969:(unknown further classification)
11195:
11144:The status of French in the world
11090:
10956:
10824:from the original on 31 July 2021
10459:Ortofasil writing system proposal
10300:Lauerman, John (30 August 2011).
10196:from the original on 22 July 2024
10007:
9895:
9393:from the original on 13 July 2015
9019:from the original on 6 March 2023
8610:Meisler, Stanley (1 March 1986).
7304:One associate member of the OIF:
5314:. Case is primarily marked using
5064:(trademark of a pressure washer).
4689:after a vowel, where that letter
4220:
3690:
3672:
3664:
3656:
3602:
3590:
3576:
3569:
3561:
3555:
3541:
3533:
3525:
3518:
3504:
3495:
3488:
3423:
3416:
3394:
3387:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3294:
3285:
3278:
3262:
3253:
3246:
3224:
3216:
3209:
3202:
2549:
13403:
12540:
12246:
10961:
10806:
10776:
10746:
10707:
10682:
10603:
10591:from the original on 17 May 2013
10572:
10545:
10533:from the original on 31 May 2018
10515:
10493:
10481:Alfograf writing system proposal
10471:
10449:
10427:
10370:
10319:
10262:
10231:
10165:
10134:
10068:Kai Chan, Distinguished Fellow,
8622:from the original on 2 July 2015
8513:from the original on 18 May 2024
8299:A History of the French Language
7964:French: From Dialect to Standard
7459:
7372:
7044:
6894:Democratic Republic of the Congo
5630:Within the indicative mood, the
3999:is sometimes pronounced like in
2385:
2294:
2268:
1826:
1791:
1738:It was during the period of the
1541:fall of the Western Roman Empire
979:
783:Direction de la langue française
438:Democratic Republic of the Congo
43:
11072:
10103:
10062:
10032:
10001:
9975:
9827:
9742:
9692:
9661:
9628:
9598:
9572:
9563:
9489:
9431:
9405:
9342:
9315:
9293:
9274:
9244:
9186:
9154:
9128:
9098:
9031:
8998:
8929:
8903:
8891:
8865:. Editions Jean-paul Gisserot.
8852:
8733:
8714:
8692:
8634:
8603:
8564:
8525:
8470:
8461:
8271:
8187:
8131:
8067:
7993:
7954:
7938:Histoire de la langue française
7862:
7835:
7817:
7782:"Europeans and their Languages"
7697:
7658:
7643:
7570:
7176:
7150:Official bilingualism in Canada
7000:
6971:(two twenties and ten) for 50,
5499:
5437:refers to a male dentist while
5342:the development of grammatical
5177:. It usually indicates that an
4011:but can also be silent like in
3004:Organization of American States
2992:International Olympic Committee
2366:, Prince Edward Island and the
2074:and is the main language after
1470:International Olympic Committee
723:International Olympic Committee
706:Intergovernmental organizations
16791:Languages of Wallis and Futuna
16776:Languages of the United States
16093:of the language on their left.
15963:(Western Romance-based pidgin)
14163:of the language on their left.
11527:Government of National Defense
10992:: interactive French program,
10840:
10743:in the French counting system.
10691:Old French: A Concise Handbook
10640:"Maltese – an unusual formula"
10238:Burns, Judith (22 June 2014).
10172:Cohen, Mathilde (April 2016).
9228:(in French). Jacques Leclerc.
7552:
7529:
7442:
7412:
7380:
7167:
7115:Influence of French on English
6936:(Vaud, Valais, Fribourg). The
6260:"Le chien est aimé par elle."
6256:Example of the passive voice:
5286:and a few other pronouns, for
5205:(past participle for the verb
5181:came after it long ago, as in
4948:(name of Flemish origin spelt
4470:and many others. In addition,
4434:, resulting in a written form
4278:
3905:occur in final position as in
3893:respectively. There are a few
3873:is unvelarised in both onset (
3831:are dental, like the plosives
3732:are tending to be replaced by
3087:European Court of Human Rights
3059:International Court of Justice
2645:and French at the entrance of
2466:of what was previously French
1991:Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts
1817:Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts
1323:invaders. Today, owing to the
1050:Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts
92:multilingual support templates
13:
1:
16801:Subject–verb–object languages
16646:Languages of French Polynesia
11436:Diplomatic Revolution of 1756
11431:War of the Spanish Succession
11132:(Full book freely accessible)
11041:Trésor de la langue française
11003:University of Texas at Austin
10994:University of Texas at Austin
10945:. Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter.
9580:"Guyana – World Travel Guide"
9105:Cross, Tony (19 March 2010),
8708:www.research.manchester.ac.uk
8536:. Librairie Droz. p. 28.
8265:10.1515/zcph.1997.49-50.1.814
8104:Dictionnaire Français-Gaulois
7683:10.1080/00309230.2018.1494203
7650:Lu, Marcus (31 August 2024).
7621:Øyvind, Dahl (19 June 2024).
7341:
6928:(Geneva, Neuchâtel, Jura) or
6787:, 159 from Spanish, 153 from
6441: Other languages (3.43%)
6314:
6249:"Marc a conduit la voiture."
6239:Example of the active voice:
5492:(participe présent), and the
5377:while a female teacher is an
5339:the loss of the neuter gender
5125:in front of the front vowels
4289:Reforms of French orthography
3153:Consonant phonemes in French
3085:, and makes with English the
2966:Current status and importance
2396:French-based creole languages
1620:
1443:most natively spoken language
1329:French-based creole languages
171:, and other locations in the
13216:Labrador Inuit Pidgin French
12665:French Belgian Sign Language
11054:
10968:Fondation Alliance française
9642:International Herald Tribune
8831:original source (pdf 4.9 MB)
8102:Savignac, Jean-Paul (2004).
6967:(twenty and twelve) for 32,
6892:as well as that used in the
5464:Moods and tense-aspect forms
5097:in front of the back vowels
5089:—boy) means that the letter
4200:("the man whom he saw") and
4131:at the end of a word (e.g.,
3130:
3075:International Criminal Court
2808:
2481:
2352:French Language Services Act
2317:language in the province of
1853:said that the fact that the
1656:influence from the Germanic
1423:Democratic Republic of Congo
1339:in both English and French.
1307:of Northern Roman Gaul like
27:Romance language from France
7:
15960:Mediterranean Lingua Franca
13338:Plains Indian Sign Language
11136:
10905:When the World Spoke French
10855:(in French). Nathan. 2014.
10638:Brincat, Joseph M. (2005).
10269:Johnson (9 December 2017).
9900:(in French). Archived from
9606:"Saint Pierre and Miquelon"
9325:c) Le sabir franco-africain
9111:Radio France Internationale
8970:Population Reference Bureau
8674:Labouysse, Georges (2007).
7799:, p. 5, archived from
7723:10.24018/ejlang.2023.2.1.58
7037:
6829:
6268:The car was driven by Marc.
4956:in handwriting looked like
4225:
2564:French language in Cambodia
2450:was historically spoken in
2438:, essentially a variant of
2404:United States Census Bureau
2236:
1974:Knowledge of French in the
1675:Up until its later stages,
1441:). French is also the 16th
10:
16817:
16726:Languages of New Caledonia
16641:Languages of French Guiana
15662:(mixed Portuguese–Spanish)
14688:Gallo-Italic of Basilicata
14482:Central−Southern Calabrian
13189:Pidgins, creoles and mixed
11917:French subdivisions by GDP
11664:2022 presidential election
11649:2017 presidential election
11084:
11059:
11046:
10977:Agence de promotion du FLE
10096:Rodney Ball, Dawn Marley,
8862:Le français et les langues
8561:. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
8532:Victor, Joseph M. (1978).
8000:Craven, Thomas D. (2002).
7961:Lodge, R. Anthony (1993).
7310:Two observers of the OIF:
6127:Conditional (conditionnel)
5456:
5352:the loss of certain Latin
5251:
5247:
4693:was not pronounced. Thus,
4282:
4229:
4159:is preceded by the letter
3712:plus the nasalized vowels
3613:
3134:
3089:'s two working languages.
3047:Caribbean Court of Justice
2986:, an official language of
2812:
2668:French language in Lebanon
2633:French language in Lebanon
2630:
2626:
2604:
2556:French language in Vietnam
2553:
2251:Languages of the Caribbean
2247:Languages of South America
2243:Languages of North America
2240:
2101:
1963:
1948:
1795:
1624:
1517:
1487:
1483:
1460:, the European Union, the
29:
16586:Languages of Burkina Faso
16511:
16463:
16425:
16140:
16067:
16051:
16002:
15951:
15875:
15679:
15652:
15601:
15453:
15339:
15285:
15266:
15217:
14884:
14637:
14628:
14589:
14469:
14354:
14343:
14254:
14216:
14138:
14103:
13904:
13833:
13647:
13604:
13576:
13567:
13550:
13483:
13447:
13416:
13353:
13315:
13229:
13188:
13148:
13120:
13082:
13019:
12971:
12938:
12850:
12777:
12770:
12749:
12691:
12673:
12650:
12617:
12579:
12553:
12500:Language policy in France
12496:
12480:
12399:
12299:Navarro-Lapurdian dialect
12275:
12259:
12178:
12068:
11978:
11969:
11865:
11856:
11758:
11749:
11687:
11678:
11599:
11480:
11449:
11421:Second Hundred Years' War
11372:
11325:
11292:
11271:
11263:Liberalism and radicalism
11215:
11206:
11163:
11158:Links to related articles
11043:), language corpora, etc.
10885:Roegiest, Eugeen (2006).
10569:Walter & Walter 1998.
10508:29 September 2009 at the
10344:10.1007/s11145-015-9586-8
10228:, retrieved on scribd.com
9771:Axel Tschentscher, LL.M.
9352:République centrafricaine
8699:Joubert, Aurélie (2010).
8074:Schrijver, Peter (1997).
7967:. Routledge. p. 46.
7100:French language in Canada
6801:Native American languages
6451:or were constructed from
6287:"On conduit la voiture."
6147:
6144:
6142:
6090:
6088:
5954:
5951:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5791:
5673:
5670:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5449:a (feminine) is a pound.
5173:, nor, in most dialects,
4817:with diaeresis following
4774:with diaeresis following
4080:, for example, the first
3627:
3622:
3620:
3531:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3447:
3374:
3335:
3302:
3233:
3196:
3157:
3121:Standard Mandarin Chinese
2759:
2752:
2539:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2259:
2255:French language in Canada
2184:
2177: >50% Francophone
2097:
2001:(excluding a part of the
1959:
1874:
1847:. Stanley Meisler of the
1706:Sequence of Saint Eulalia
946:
917:
903:
887:
871:
855:
819:
801:
796:
775:(French Academy, France)
766:
616:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
378:Official language in
376:
371:
351:
326:
277:
196:
178:
144:
132:
123:
118:
16761:Languages of Switzerland
16671:Languages of Ivory Coast
16621:Languages of the Comoros
14970:North American dialects
14477:Extreme Southern Italian
13410:Languages of Switzerland
13196:Algonquian–Basque pidgin
11692:Administrative divisions
11120:
11013:French lessons in London
10943:Manuel des francophonies
10889:. Leuven, Belgium: Acco.
10386:Writing Systems Research
10008:Gobry, Pascal-Emmanuel.
8642:"Rapport Grégoire an II"
8577:. Taylor & Francis.
7936:Hélix, Laurence (2011).
7908:10.1017/CBO9780511482977
7208:Central African Republic
7160:
6262:The dog is loved by her.
6219:
6213:ils/elles auraient aimé
5927:Subjunctive (subjonctif)
5627:seen in literary works.
5452:
5360:
5025:) may be moved onto the
4978:and a family name), and
4329:. While it contains 130
4212:) is more emphasized on
4102:beaucoup d'hommes aiment
3720:. In France, the vowels
3434:Vowel phonemes in French
3032:Médecins sans Frontières
3016:World Trade Organization
2619:. It continued to be an
2600:
2572:, comprising modern-day
2442:, is spoken in parts of
2171: 41-50% Francophone
2165: 31-40% Francophone
2159: 21-30% Francophone
2153: 11-20% Francophone
1466:World Trade Organization
1275:. It descended from the
1078:Articles and determiners
753:World Trade Organization
418:Central African Republic
185:: 74 million (2020)
30:Not to be confused with
16756:Languages of Seychelles
16706:Languages of Mauritania
16701:Languages of Martinique
16691:Languages of Madagascar
16686:Languages of Luxembourg
16656:Languages of Guadeloupe
14389:Central−Northern Latian
13543:Gallo-Romance languages
11912:Franc (former currency)
11517:Coup of 2 December 1851
11490:Long nineteenth century
11066:French verb conjugation
10486:12 January 2010 at the
9754:16 October 2021 at the
9387:www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca
9330:17 January 2013 at the
9308:17 January 2013 at the
9203:20 January 2016 at the
8859:Abalain, Hervé (2007).
7182:29 full members of the
6781:Gallo-Romance languages
6068:ils/elles eussent aimé
5914:ils/elles avaient aimé
5258:French is a moderately
4661:—forest) shows that an
4634:instead of the default
4603:instead of the default
4542:: French uses not only
4294:words such as "debt"):
4155:) adds a sound if the
3844:voiced uvular fricative
3795:parking, camping, swing
3782:Voiceless stops (i.e.,
3008:Eurovision Song Contest
2936:South East Asian French
2698:Oceania and Australasia
2560:French language in Laos
2544:
2147: 0-10% Francophone
2070:. It is also spoken in
2015:Brussels-Capital Region
1978:and candidate countries
1945:Geographic distribution
1384:Brussels-Capital Region
16711:Languages of Mauritius
16183:Bosnia and Herzegovina
14693:Gallo-Italic of Sicily
13361:Canadian dictionaries
13344:Maritime Sign Language
13323:American Sign Language
12812:Malecite-Passamaquoddy
11932:Science and technology
11589:Provisional Government
11558:
11537:
11397:
11015:, The Language machine
10901:Marc Fumaroli (2011).
10224:, George Weber, 1997,
9363:
9336:
7858:– via Le Figaro.
6990:
6943:
6931:
6923:
6915:
6907:
6869:
6857:
6849:
6813:Balto-Slavic languages
6809:Afro-Asiatic languages
6243:"Elle aime le chien."
6075:Imperative (imperatif)
5920:ils/elles eurent aimé
5908:ils/elles auront aimé
5650:
5644:
5638:
5632:
5623:
5617:
5611:
5605:
5599:
5587:
5575:
5563:
5551:
5539:
5531:
5521:
5507:
5488:mood (infinitif), the
5290:, number, gender, and
5117:before a back vowel).
4966:(commune near Paris),
4382:
4325:French orthography is
4208:, the second example (
3921:
3910:
3848:
3823:, and palato-alveolar
3149:
3148:Spoken French (Africa)
3116:Bloomberg Businessweek
2962:
2829:(North African French)
2782:, the investment bank
2722:
2650:
2496:French Creole language
2399:
2368:Port au Port Peninsula
2218:There is not a single
2179:
2135:
2094:
1987:Constitution of France
1979:
1668:(a calque of Germanic
1642:
1634:
1564:
1368:
1325:French colonial empire
1287:, the Latin spoken in
1256:[lɑ̃ɡfʁɑ̃sɛːz]
1250:
1231:
948:This article contains
125:
16636:Languages of Djibouti
16601:Languages of Cameroon
16596:Languages of Cambodia
15180:Poitevin–Saintongeais
14153:A star (*) indicates
14048:Poitevin-Saintongeais
13979:Labrador Inuit Pidgin
13357:Canadian style guides
12660:Flemish Sign Language
10984:Courses and tutorials
10464:14 April 2009 at the
10326:Fejzo, Anila (2016).
10079:24 March 2019 at the
9726:. 14 September 2014.
8616:The Los Angeles Times
8553:12 March 2008 at the
8427:10.1515/flin.2012.014
8218:10.1353/lan.2003.0131
7671:Paedagogica Historica
7284:São Tomé and Príncipe
7224:Republic of the Congo
6224:French uses both the
6207:ils/elles aimeraient
6062:ils/elles aient aimé
5480:(impératif), and the
5228:("or"), respectively.
5121:is always pronounced
4923:(an alley in Paris),
4821:is either pronounced
3877:) and coda position (
3147:
3028:Amnesty International
3012:European Space Agency
2960:
2705:
2640:
2393:
2336:Northwest Territories
2241:Further information:
2141:
2111:
2092:
1973:
1931:French Basque Country
1711:Old French literature
1327:, there are numerous
190:: 238 million (2022)
16786:Languages of Vietnam
16781:Languages of Vanuatu
16771:Languages of Tunisia
16751:Languages of Senegal
16736:Languages of Réunion
16721:Languages of Morocco
16681:Languages of Lebanon
16591:Languages of Burundi
16576:Languages of Belgium
16571:Languages of Algeria
16134:Languages of Europe
14989:St. Marys Bay French
14513:Neapolitan–Calabrese
13448:Major dialect groups
13328:Quebec Sign Language
12771:Indigenous languages
12683:German Sign Language
12547:Languages of Belgium
12341:French Sign Language
11737:World Heritage Sites
11654:Coronavirus pandemic
11025:Oxford Dictionaries
10999:Tex's French Grammar
10689:Einhorn, E. (1974).
10671:Jean-Pierre Martin,
10085:World Economic Forum
9985:. 24 November 2004.
9357:5 April 2007 at the
9286:27 July 2009 at the
9138:. 24 November 2004.
8816:Van Parijs, Philippe
8745:languageknowledge.eu
8726:17 June 2017 at the
8381:www.pin1.harvard.edu
8377:"HarvardKey – Login"
8049:Annu. Rev. Anthropol
8045:Mufwene, Salikoko S.
7902:. pp. 279–289.
7755:on 22 September 2015
7596:10.4102/lit.v32i2.15
7070:Français fondamental
6281:"On aime le chien."
6210:il/elle aurait aimé
6056:ils/elles aimassent
5197:(you said), or even
4647:l'accent circonflexe
4333:that denote only 36
4143:and adding a silent
4127:and adding a silent
3775:Voiced stops (i.e.,
2476:DeLisle, Mississippi
2036:and cantons such as
1907:public school system
1855:Treaty of Versailles
1514:Vulgar Latin in Gaul
1445:in the world, sixth
1273:Indo-European family
1040:Phonological history
54:specify the language
52:This article should
16741:Languages of Rwanda
16716:Languages of Monaco
16661:Languages of Guinea
16606:Languages of Canada
16566:Languages of France
16426:States with limited
15341:Galician–Portuguese
14367:Central Marchigiano
13606:Bourbonnais Creoles
13297:Pennsylvania German
12743:Languages of Canada
12351:Lorraine Franconian
12253:Languages of France
11875:Automotive industry
11659:2021 labor protests
11416:Peace of Westphalia
11284:History of Normandy
11279:History of Brittany
11020:Online dictionaries
10990:Français interactif
10925:The Story of French
10529:. 5 February 2016.
10442:13 May 2012 at the
10332:Reading and Writing
10190:10.1093/icon/mow023
10112:"France-Diplomatie"
10046:. 17 October 2019.
9934:on 18 February 2020
9775:. Servat.unibe.ch.
9612:. 18 October 2021.
9477:on 12 February 2020
8943:. 21 January 2014.
8652:on 23 November 2006
8646:Languefrancaise.net
8496:The Story of French
8487:Nadeau, Jean-Benoit
8282:. pp. 603–620.
7778:European Commission
7513:. 6 November 2014.
7424:www12.statcan.gc.ca
7393:The Washington Post
7155:Varieties of French
6309:object–subject–verb
6305:verb–object–subject
6296:subject–verb–object
6251:Marc drove the car.
6139:
6085:
6010:nous eussions aimé
5940:
5911:il/elle avait aimé
5902:ils/elles aimeront
5787:ils/elles aimèrent
5781:ils/elles ont aimé
5775:ils/elles aimaient
5659:
5496:(participe passé).
5371:grammatical genders
4980:Le Blanc de Nicolaÿ
4960:to French clerks),
4813:The combination of
4770:The combination of
4096:, for example, the
3617:
3444:
3154:
3103:linguistic prestige
2909:Jersey Legal French
2860:Newfoundland French
2815:Varieties of French
2458:(formerly known as
2372:Newfoundland French
1841:replaced by English
1815:in 1536, while the
1715:Vie de Saint Alexis
1701:Oaths of Strasbourg
1045:Oaths of Strasbourg
16731:Languages of Niger
16666:Languages of Haiti
16651:Languages of Gabon
16581:Languages of Benin
16556:Fusional languages
15755:Catalan Ribagorçan
15602:Pyrenean–Mozarabic
14874:Judaeo-Piedmontese
14784:Bustocco–Legnanese
14579:Northern Calabrian
13417:Official languages
13333:Inuk Sign Language
13292:Newfoundland Irish
13257:Tagalog (Filipino)
13230:Minority languages
13102:Heiltsuk-Oowekyala
12860:Babine-Witsuwitʼen
12750:Official languages
12554:Official languages
12400:Overseas languages
12276:Regional languages
11942:Telecommunications
11644:2015 Paris attacks
11507:Revolution of 1848
11335:Visigothic Kingdom
10758:Académie française
10398:10.1093/wsr/wsr003
9724:The Times of India
9610:CIA World Factbook
9541:The New York Times
9451:on 5 February 2016
9419:on 2 February 2009
8259:. 49–50: 814–829.
7825:"Why Learn French"
7120:Language education
7060:Alliance Française
6824:Lexical similarity
6777:Germanic languages
6322:Root languages of
6245:She loves the dog.
6179:nous aurions aimé
6137:
6083:
6039:vous eussiez aimé
5938:
5905:il/elle aura aimé
5657:
5609:is used while the
5490:present participle
5476:(subjonctif), the
5407:les professeur(e)s
5270:are inflected for
4454:(pronounced first
4285:French orthography
4264:appearing in "ç".
4210:l'homme qui l'a vu
4202:l'homme qui l'a vu
4198:l'homme qu'il a vu
4056:, for example the
3800:The palatal nasal
3786:) are unaspirated.
3615:
3442:
3152:
3150:
2963:
2951:West Indian French
2865:New England French
2771:sub-Saharan Africa
2723:
2651:
2507:French West Indies
2436:New England French
2400:
2230:Sub-Saharan Africa
2180:
2136:
2095:
1980:
1876:Académie française
1866:Cardinal Richelieu
1585:, etc.), animals (
1319:of the post-Roman
773:Académie Française
192:Total: 310 million
165:Francophone Africa
16766:Languages of Togo
16696:Languages of Mali
16676:Languages of Laos
16616:Languages of Chad
16538:
16537:
16532:
16531:
16100:
16099:
16076:extinct languages
15998:
15997:
15675:
15674:
15634:Navarro-Aragonese
15519:Peruvian Ribereño
15444:Judaeo-Portuguese
15359:Galician–Asturian
15262:
15261:
15253:Old Gallo-Romance
15207:Wisconsin Walloon
14624:
14623:
14597:Dalmatian Romance
14205:Romance languages
14171:
14170:
14148:extinct languages
14104:Francoprovencalic
14099:
14098:
14082:Wisconsin Walloon
13509:
13508:
13491:Swiss-German Sign
13369:
13368:
13287:Doukhobor Russian
13184:
13183:
12709:
12708:
12506:
12505:
12260:Official language
12212:
12211:
12174:
12173:
11965:
11964:
11852:
11851:
11844:Political parties
11780:Foreign relations
11745:
11744:
11674:
11673:
11457:French Revolution
11411:Thirty Years' War
11392:Absolute monarchy
11357:Kingdom of France
11253:Foreign relations
11233:Political history
11093:"French, Numbers"
11027:French Dictionary
10951:978-3-11-034670-1
10916:978-1-59017-375-6
10862:978-2-09-882654-0
10764:on 1 January 2015
10700:978-0-521-09838-0
10624:978-0-397-00400-3
10615:Story of Language
9509:978-0-89925-356-5
9281:France-Diplomatie
8913:. 28 April 2014.
8872:978-2-87747-881-6
8785:978-0-19-979669-4
8685:978-2-85910-426-9
8584:978-0-203-41796-6
8506:978-1-4299-3240-0
8415:Folia Linguistica
8387:on 13 August 2021
8309:978-0-8196-0191-9
7974:978-0-415-08071-2
7947:978-2-7298-6470-5
7917:978-0-511-48297-7
7806:on 6 January 2016
7457:(26th ed., 2023)
7426:. 2 August 2017.
7396:. 18 April 2022.
7370:(27th ed., 2024)
7240:Equatorial Guinea
7021:Article 1 of the
7005:Article 1 of the
6779:, 481 from other
6765:Micro-Robert Plus
6217:
6216:
6204:il/elle aimerait
6196:vous auriez aimé
6124:
6123:
6072:
6071:
6065:il/elle eût aimé
6059:il/elle ait aimé
6050:ils/elles aiment
5955:Plus-que-parfait
5924:
5923:
5917:il/elle eut aimé
5856:nous avions aimé
5850:nous aurons aimé
5804:Plus-que-parfait
5769:ils/elles aiment
5547:past imperfective
5472:(indicatif), the
5335:Latin declensions
5284:personal pronouns
5278:, for number and
4985:The diaeresis on
4458:before the final
4123:Doubling a final
3754:Meridional French
3702:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3611:
3610:
3431:
3430:
3145:
3036:Médecins du Monde
2996:Council of Europe
2946:Vietnamese French
2892:Meridional French
2743:Wallis and Futuna
2720:Wallis and Futuna
2529:Other territories
2402:According to the
2398:are not included.
2224:African languages
2080:El Pas de la Casa
1885:French government
1850:Los Angeles Times
1821:Kingdom of France
1744:Mediterranean Sea
1733:William of Orange
1720:Chanson de Roland
1658:Frankish language
1593:, etc.), nature (
1490:History of French
1344:official language
1317:Frankish language
1224:
1223:
974:
973:
956:rendering support
952:phonetic symbols.
768:Regulated by
758:Council of Europe
687:
621:Wallis and Futuna
602:
577:
565:
548:
448:Equatorial Guinea
300:Old Gallo-Romance
114:
113:
94:may also be used.
16:(Redirected from
16808:
16464:Dependencies and
16400:Northern Ireland
16141:Sovereign states
16127:
16120:
16113:
16104:
16103:
15621:Judaeo-Aragonese
15610:Andalusi Romance
15463:Amazonic Spanish
15300:Western Asturian
15283:
15282:
15222:Franco-Provençal
14893:
14892:
14789:Comasco–Lecchese
14647:Emilian–Romagnol
14635:
14634:
14435:Regional Italian
14425:Italo-Australian
14352:
14351:
14274:Megleno-Romanian
14198:
14191:
14184:
14175:
14174:
14117:Franco-Provençal
14113:/Faetar-Cigliàje
14002:Louisiana French
13997:Louisiana Creole
13810:Saint-Barthélemy
13578:Antillean Creole
13574:
13573:
13536:
13529:
13522:
13513:
13512:
13408:
13407:
13396:
13389:
13382:
13373:
13372:
13282:Hutterite German
12775:
12774:
12736:
12729:
12722:
12713:
12712:
12545:
12544:
12533:
12526:
12519:
12510:
12509:
12336:Franco-Provençal
12318:Northern Catalan
12303:Souletin dialect
12288:Alsatian dialect
12283:Alemannic German
12251:
12250:
12239:
12232:
12225:
12216:
12215:
11976:
11975:
11892:Economic history
11863:
11862:
11756:
11755:
11685:
11684:
11563:
11542:
11441:Seven Years' War
11406:Wars of Religion
11402:
11387:House of Bourbon
11382:Early modern era
11362:Fundamental laws
11238:Military history
11213:
11212:
11190:
11183:
11176:
11167:
11166:
11154:
11153:
11128:
11116:
11114:
11112:
11103:. Archived from
11008:Lingopolo French
10973:
10920:
10908:
10890:
10881:
10879:
10877:
10872:on 12 April 2015
10871:
10865:. Archived from
10854:
10834:
10833:
10831:
10829:
10810:
10804:
10803:
10801:
10799:
10780:
10774:
10773:
10771:
10769:
10760:. Archived from
10750:
10744:
10734:
10732:
10730:
10711:
10705:
10704:
10686:
10680:
10675:, éd. Musumeci,
10669:
10660:
10659:
10657:
10655:
10635:
10629:
10628:
10607:
10601:
10600:
10598:
10596:
10576:
10570:
10567:
10558:
10557:
10549:
10543:
10542:
10540:
10538:
10519:
10513:
10501:
10497:
10491:
10479:
10475:
10469:
10457:
10453:
10447:
10435:
10431:
10425:
10424:
10422:
10420:
10414:
10383:
10374:
10368:
10367:
10365:
10363:
10323:
10317:
10316:
10297:
10291:
10290:
10288:
10286:
10266:
10260:
10259:
10257:
10255:
10235:
10229:
10219:
10206:
10205:
10203:
10201:
10169:
10163:
10162:
10160:
10158:
10138:
10132:
10131:
10129:
10127:
10107:
10101:
10094:
10088:
10066:
10060:
10059:
10057:
10055:
10036:
10030:
10029:
10027:
10025:
10005:
9999:
9998:
9996:
9994:
9979:
9973:
9972:
9970:
9968:
9962:
9950:
9944:
9943:
9941:
9939:
9930:. Archived from
9923:
9917:
9916:
9914:
9912:
9906:
9893:
9884:
9883:
9881:
9879:
9870:. Archived from
9863:
9854:
9853:
9851:
9849:
9839:
9831:
9825:
9819:
9813:
9807:
9801:
9795:
9789:
9788:
9786:
9784:
9768:
9762:
9746:
9740:
9739:
9737:
9735:
9716:
9707:
9696:
9690:
9689:
9687:
9685:
9674:www.worldwide.rs
9665:
9659:
9658:
9656:
9654:
9632:
9626:
9625:
9623:
9621:
9602:
9596:
9595:
9593:
9591:
9576:
9570:
9567:
9561:
9560:
9532:
9526:
9525:
9523:
9521:
9493:
9487:
9486:
9484:
9482:
9467:
9461:
9460:
9458:
9456:
9450:
9444:. Archived from
9443:
9435:
9429:
9428:
9426:
9424:
9409:
9403:
9402:
9400:
9398:
9379:
9373:
9367:
9350:
9346:
9340:
9339:
9323:
9319:
9313:
9301:
9297:
9291:
9278:
9272:
9271:
9269:
9267:
9248:
9242:
9241:
9239:
9237:
9218:
9212:
9207:by Katja Ploog,
9194:
9190:
9184:
9183:
9181:
9179:
9174:on 26 April 2012
9173:
9167:. Archived from
9166:
9158:
9152:
9151:
9149:
9147:
9132:
9126:
9125:
9124:
9122:
9102:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9091:
9075:
9066:
9065:
9063:
9061:
9055:
9048:
9035:
9029:
9028:
9026:
9024:
9014:
9002:
8996:
8995:
8993:
8991:
8985:
8978:
8966:
8957:
8956:
8954:
8952:
8933:
8927:
8926:
8924:
8922:
8907:
8901:
8895:
8889:
8888:
8886:
8884:
8856:
8850:
8849:
8847:
8845:
8839:
8824:
8812:
8806:
8805:
8767:
8761:
8760:
8758:
8756:
8737:
8731:
8718:
8712:
8711:
8705:
8696:
8690:
8689:
8671:
8662:
8661:
8659:
8657:
8638:
8632:
8631:
8629:
8627:
8607:
8601:
8600:
8598:
8596:
8568:
8562:
8544:
8538:
8537:
8529:
8523:
8522:
8520:
8518:
8483:
8477:
8474:
8468:
8465:
8459:
8458:
8456:
8454:
8406:
8397:
8396:
8394:
8392:
8383:. Archived from
8373:
8360:
8354:
8345:
8344:
8323:
8321:
8293:
8284:
8283:
8275:
8269:
8268:
8252:
8246:
8245:
8211:
8191:
8185:
8184:
8176:
8170:
8164:
8158:
8157:
8151:
8143:
8135:
8129:
8122:
8114:
8108:
8107:
8099:
8090:
8089:
8071:
8065:
8064:
8041:
8030:
8029:
8027:
8025:
7997:
7991:
7990:
7988:
7986:
7958:
7952:
7951:
7933:
7922:
7921:
7895:
7886:
7885:
7883:
7881:
7866:
7860:
7859:
7857:
7855:
7839:
7833:
7832:
7831:on 19 June 2008.
7827:. Archived from
7821:
7815:
7814:
7813:
7811:
7805:
7786:
7774:
7765:
7764:
7762:
7760:
7751:. Archived from
7745:
7736:
7735:
7725:
7701:
7695:
7694:
7662:
7656:
7655:
7647:
7641:
7640:
7638:
7636:
7627:
7618:
7609:
7608:
7598:
7574:
7568:
7567:
7565:
7556:
7550:
7549:
7533:
7527:
7526:
7524:
7522:
7503:
7497:
7496:
7494:
7492:
7486:
7479:
7471:
7465:
7464:
7463:
7446:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7416:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7405:
7384:
7378:
7377:
7376:
7359:
7335:
7180:
7174:
7171:
7054:
7049:
7048:
6969:dous vinz et diz
6946:
6934:
6926:
6918:
6910:
6872:
6860:
6852:
6807:, 56 from other
6803:, 89 from other
6785:Celtic languages
6440:
6430:
6420:
6410:
6404:
6394:
6380:
6370:
6360:
6350:
6340:
6330:
6140:
6136:
6086:
6082:
6004:nous ayons aimé
5998:nous aimassions
5941:
5937:
5891:vous eûtes aimé
5885:vous aviez aimé
5879:vous aurez aimé
5862:nous eûmes aimé
5807:Passé antérieur
5801:Futur antérieur
5723:nous avons aimé
5660:
5656:
5653:
5647:
5641:
5639:plus-que-parfait
5635:
5626:
5620:
5618:plus-que-parfait
5614:
5608:
5602:
5592:
5580:
5568:
5565:plus-que-parfait
5556:
5544:
5536:
5524:
5510:
5482:conditional mood
5474:subjunctive mood
5124:
5116:
5096:
4938:
4905:appears include
4893:
4866:
4847:
4826:
4809:
4790:
4680:
4676:
4668:
4637:
4633:
4606:
4602:
4461:
4457:
4445:
4421:
4417:
4385:
4365:Liaison (French)
4306:"finger" (Latin
4086:deux cents euros
3919:
3908:
3904:
3900:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3872:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3803:
3792:
3789:The velar nasal
3785:
3778:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3694:
3676:
3668:
3660:
3646:
3639:
3618:
3614:
3606:
3594:
3580:
3573:
3565:
3559:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3522:
3508:
3499:
3492:
3478:
3471:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3427:
3420:
3409:
3398:
3391:
3382:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3298:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3266:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3228:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3137:French phonology
2919:Louisiana French
2845:Cambodian French
2764:
2763:
2761:Université Laval
2739:French Polynesia
2712:French Polynesia
2653:A former French
2570:French Indochina
2515:Saint Barthélemy
2472:Mon Louis Island
2432:Louisiana French
2360:Northern Ontario
2298:
2285:
2279:
2272:
2187:
2186:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2129:
2123:
2115:
1879:
1878:
1845:Second World War
1647:
1639:
1567:
1537:Gaulish language
1496:Romance language
1373:
1305:Celtic languages
1269:Romance language
1266:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1253:
1251:langue française
1247:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1237:[fʁɑ̃sɛ]
1234:
1216:
1209:
1202:
983:
976:
975:
939:
933:
927:
922:
913:
899:
883:
867:
860:
851:
845:
838:
832:
824:
815:
814:
806:
791:
685:
606:Saint Barthélemy
596:
571:
559:
552:French Polynesia
542:
366:(français signé)
357:
332:
202:
140:
138:[fʁɑ̃sɛ]
128:
116:
115:
109:
106:
100:
85:
79:
75:
69:
65:
59:
47:
46:
39:
21:
16816:
16815:
16811:
16810:
16809:
16807:
16806:
16805:
16551:French language
16541:
16540:
16539:
16534:
16533:
16528:
16507:
16465:
16459:
16445:Northern Cyprus
16427:
16421:
16315:North Macedonia
16136:
16131:
16101:
16096:
16063:
16047:
16025:Pannonian Latin
16011:African Romance
15994:
15947:
15878:
15871:
15809:Judeo-Provençal
15682:
15671:
15648:
15597:
15507:Chilean Chilote
15449:
15335:
15276:
15272:
15269:
15258:
15246:Moselle Romance
15213:
15062:Missouri French
15023:Franco-Ontarian
14898:
14887:
14880:
14620:
14585:
14562:Southern Latian
14465:
14430:Maltese Italian
14362:Central Italian
14346:
14339:
14334:Common Romanian
14250:
14234:Italo-Dalmatian
14212:
14202:
14172:
14167:
14166:
14134:
14095:
14013:Moselle Romance
13973:Karipúna Creole
13900:
13829:
13741:Franco-Ontarian
13643:
13600:
13563:
13558:Canadian French
13546:
13540:
13510:
13505:
13479:
13443:
13412:
13402:
13400:
13370:
13365:
13349:
13311:
13277:Canadian Gaelic
13225:
13180:
13176:Coast Tsimshian
13144:
13116:
13078:
13015:
12967:
12934:
12846:
12766:
12745:
12740:
12710:
12705:
12687:
12669:
12646:
12613:
12575:
12549:
12539:
12537:
12507:
12502:
12492:
12476:
12395:
12271:
12255:
12245:
12243:
12213:
12208:
12207:
12188:
12170:
12151:Public holidays
12064:
12023:Life expectancy
11961:
11848:
11741:
11670:
11639:Great Recession
11612:Fourth Republic
11607:1900 to present
11595:
11512:Second Republic
11476:
11445:
11368:
11321:
11288:
11267:
11202:
11194:
11159:
11139:
11126:
11123:
11110:
11108:
11107:on 2 March 2017
11087:
11075:
11062:
11057:
11052:
11049:fr:Dictionnaire
11022:
10986:
10971:
10964:
10959:
10917:
10897:
10895:Further reading
10875:
10873:
10869:
10863:
10852:
10843:
10838:
10837:
10827:
10825:
10812:
10811:
10807:
10797:
10795:
10782:
10781:
10777:
10767:
10765:
10752:
10751:
10747:
10728:
10726:
10713:
10712:
10708:
10701:
10687:
10683:
10670:
10663:
10653:
10651:
10636:
10632:
10625:
10608:
10604:
10594:
10592:
10577:
10573:
10568:
10561:
10550:
10546:
10536:
10534:
10521:
10520:
10516:
10510:Wayback Machine
10499:
10498:
10494:
10488:Wayback Machine
10477:
10476:
10472:
10466:Wayback Machine
10455:
10454:
10450:
10444:Wayback Machine
10433:
10432:
10428:
10418:
10416:
10412:
10381:
10375:
10371:
10361:
10359:
10324:
10320:
10298:
10294:
10284:
10282:
10267:
10263:
10253:
10251:
10236:
10232:
10220:
10209:
10199:
10197:
10170:
10166:
10156:
10154:
10139:
10135:
10125:
10123:
10108:
10104:
10095:
10091:
10087:, December 2016
10081:Wayback Machine
10067:
10063:
10053:
10051:
10038:
10037:
10033:
10023:
10021:
10006:
10002:
9992:
9990:
9981:
9980:
9976:
9966:
9964:
9960:
9952:
9951:
9947:
9937:
9935:
9924:
9920:
9910:
9908:
9904:
9894:
9887:
9877:
9875:
9874:on 7 April 2019
9864:
9857:
9847:
9845:
9837:
9833:
9832:
9828:
9820:
9816:
9808:
9804:
9796:
9792:
9782:
9780:
9769:
9765:
9756:Wayback Machine
9747:
9743:
9733:
9731:
9718:
9717:
9710:
9697:
9693:
9683:
9681:
9666:
9662:
9652:
9650:
9633:
9629:
9619:
9617:
9604:
9603:
9599:
9589:
9587:
9578:
9577:
9573:
9568:
9564:
9543:. p. A17.
9533:
9529:
9519:
9517:
9510:
9494:
9490:
9480:
9478:
9469:
9468:
9464:
9454:
9452:
9448:
9441:
9437:
9436:
9432:
9422:
9420:
9411:
9410:
9406:
9396:
9394:
9381:
9380:
9376:
9359:Wayback Machine
9348:
9347:
9343:
9332:Wayback Machine
9321:
9320:
9316:
9310:Wayback Machine
9299:
9298:
9294:
9288:Wayback Machine
9279:
9275:
9265:
9263:
9250:
9249:
9245:
9235:
9233:
9220:
9219:
9215:
9205:Wayback Machine
9192:
9191:
9187:
9177:
9175:
9171:
9164:
9160:
9159:
9155:
9145:
9143:
9134:
9133:
9129:
9120:
9118:
9103:
9099:
9089:
9087:
9076:
9069:
9059:
9057:
9053:
9046:
9036:
9032:
9022:
9020:
9012:
9003:
8999:
8989:
8987:
8983:
8976:
8967:
8960:
8950:
8948:
8935:
8934:
8930:
8920:
8918:
8909:
8908:
8904:
8896:
8892:
8882:
8880:
8873:
8857:
8853:
8843:
8841:
8840:on 13 June 2007
8837:
8829:: Article from
8822:
8813:
8809:
8786:
8768:
8764:
8754:
8752:
8739:
8738:
8734:
8728:Wayback Machine
8719:
8715:
8703:
8697:
8693:
8686:
8672:
8665:
8655:
8653:
8640:
8639:
8635:
8625:
8623:
8608:
8604:
8594:
8592:
8585:
8569:
8565:
8555:Wayback Machine
8545:
8541:
8530:
8526:
8516:
8514:
8507:
8484:
8480:
8475:
8471:
8466:
8462:
8452:
8450:
8407:
8400:
8390:
8388:
8375:
8374:
8363:
8355:
8348:
8319:
8317:
8310:
8294:
8287:
8276:
8272:
8253:
8249:
8209:10.1.1.134.9933
8192:
8188:
8177:
8173:
8165:
8161:
8145:
8144:
8136:
8132:
8115:
8111:
8100:
8093:
8086:
8072:
8068:
8042:
8033:
8023:
8021:
8014:
7998:
7994:
7984:
7982:
7975:
7959:
7955:
7948:
7934:
7925:
7918:
7896:
7889:
7879:
7877:
7868:
7867:
7863:
7853:
7851:
7840:
7836:
7823:
7822:
7818:
7809:
7807:
7803:
7784:
7775:
7768:
7758:
7756:
7747:
7746:
7739:
7702:
7698:
7663:
7659:
7648:
7644:
7634:
7632:
7625:
7619:
7612:
7575:
7571:
7563:
7557:
7553:
7534:
7530:
7520:
7518:
7505:
7504:
7500:
7490:
7488:
7484:
7477:
7473:
7472:
7468:
7458:
7447:
7443:
7433:
7431:
7418:
7417:
7413:
7403:
7401:
7386:
7385:
7381:
7371:
7360:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7338:
7325:
7319:
7309:
7303:
7181:
7177:
7172:
7168:
7163:
7052:Language portal
7050:
7043:
7040:
7003:
6940:similarly uses
6870:soixante-quinze
6832:
6805:Asian languages
6461:Classical Latin
6445:
6444:
6443:
6442:
6438:
6436:
6428:
6426:
6418:
6416:
6408:
6406:
6402:
6400:
6397:Native American
6392:
6390:
6378:
6376:
6368:
6366:
6358:
6356:
6348:
6346:
6338:
6336:
6328:
6317:
6277:"one" is used:
6222:
6193:tu aurais aimé
6173:nous aimerions
6129:
6077:
6036:tu eusses aimé
6033:vous ayez aimé
6027:vous aimassiez
5929:
5899:il/elle aimera
5778:il/elle a aimé
5772:il/elle aimait
5752:vous avez aimé
5651:passé antérieur
5645:futur antérieur
5624:passé antérieur
5600:passé antérieur
5589:futur antérieur
5513:
5502:
5494:past participle
5478:imperative mood
5470:indicative mood
5466:
5461:
5455:
5363:
5324:auxiliary verbs
5256:
5250:
4963:L'Haÿ-les-Roses
4932:
4897:A diaeresis on
4875:is followed by
4681:for the letter
4291:
4283:Main articles:
4281:
4238:
4232:French alphabet
4230:Main articles:
4228:
4223:
4092:; and some are
4090:euros irlandais
4072:, depending on
3866:, "to believe".
3642:
3635:
3474:
3467:
3405:
3380:
3345:
3308:
3271:
3239:
3189:
3179:
3169:
3141:
3139:
3133:
2968:
2955:
2931:Missouri French
2887:Guianese French
2850:Canadian French
2817:
2811:
2755:
2700:
2672:Lebanese people
2643:Standard Arabic
2635:
2629:
2609:
2603:
2566:
2552:
2547:
2531:
2500:Lesser Antilles
2484:
2468:Lower Louisiana
2460:Upper Louisiana
2448:Missouri French
2440:Canadian French
2388:
2356:Eastern Ontario
2314:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2299:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2262:
2257:
2239:
2194:second language
2178:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2100:
2068:Channel Islands
2007:German-speaking
1968:
1966:European French
1962:
1957:
1949:Main articles:
1947:
1935:Basque language
1927:Basses-Pyrénées
1829:
1809:Robert Estienne
1800:
1794:
1729:a cycle focused
1629:
1623:
1522:
1516:
1492:
1486:
1331:, most notably
1260:
1259:
1241:
1240:
1220:
1188:Help:IPA/French
1123:
1122:
1110:
998:French language
954:Without proper
942:
941:
937:
935:
931:
929:
925:
909:
895:
879:
876:
863:
856:
841:
840:
839:
828:
827:
820:
810:
809:
802:
785:
781:
776:
762:
709:
708:
701:
700:
686:(United States)
634:
633:
626:
625:
536:
535:
528:
527:
389:
388:
379:
372:Official status
364:
358:
353:
344:
341:French alphabet
333:
328:
322:
280:
273:
238:Western Romance
218:Latino-Faliscan
203:
200:Language family
198:
191:
186:
110:
104:
101:
95:
83:
77:
73:
71:transliteration
67:
63:
57:
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:French-speaking
15:
12:
11:
5:
16814:
16804:
16803:
16798:
16796:Lingua francas
16793:
16788:
16783:
16778:
16773:
16768:
16763:
16758:
16753:
16748:
16743:
16738:
16733:
16728:
16723:
16718:
16713:
16708:
16703:
16698:
16693:
16688:
16683:
16678:
16673:
16668:
16663:
16658:
16653:
16648:
16643:
16638:
16633:
16628:
16623:
16618:
16613:
16608:
16603:
16598:
16593:
16588:
16583:
16578:
16573:
16568:
16563:
16558:
16553:
16536:
16535:
16530:
16529:
16527:
16526:
16521:
16519:European Union
16515:
16513:
16512:Other entities
16509:
16508:
16506:
16505:
16500:
16495:
16490:
16485:
16480:
16475:
16469:
16467:
16466:other entities
16461:
16460:
16458:
16457:
16452:
16447:
16442:
16437:
16431:
16429:
16423:
16422:
16420:
16419:
16414:
16413:
16412:
16407:
16402:
16397:
16390:United Kingdom
16387:
16382:
16377:
16372:
16367:
16362:
16357:
16352:
16347:
16342:
16337:
16332:
16327:
16322:
16317:
16312:
16307:
16302:
16297:
16292:
16287:
16282:
16277:
16272:
16267:
16262:
16257:
16255:
16250:
16245:
16240:
16235:
16230:
16225:
16220:
16215:
16210:
16205:
16203:Czech Republic
16200:
16195:
16190:
16185:
16180:
16175:
16170:
16165:
16160:
16155:
16150:
16144:
16142:
16138:
16137:
16130:
16129:
16122:
16115:
16107:
16098:
16097:
16095:
16094:
16087:
16078:
16068:
16065:
16064:
16062:
16061:
16055:
16053:
16049:
16048:
16046:
16045:
16044:
16043:
16038:
16028:
16021:
16014:
16006:
16004:
16000:
15999:
15996:
15995:
15993:
15992:
15991:
15990:
15985:
15980:
15975:
15964:
15955:
15953:
15949:
15948:
15946:
15945:
15944:
15943:
15938:
15933:
15928:
15923:
15913:
15912:
15911:
15906:
15896:
15895:
15894:
15883:
15881:
15873:
15872:
15870:
15869:
15868:
15867:
15866:
15865:
15851:
15850:
15849:
15844:
15834:
15833:
15832:
15822:
15817:
15812:
15805:
15804:
15803:
15796:
15791:
15786:
15776:
15766:
15765:
15764:
15763:
15762:
15757:
15749:
15744:
15741:Judaeo-Catalan
15737:
15736:
15735:
15730:
15725:
15724:
15723:
15718:
15708:
15700:
15687:
15685:
15677:
15676:
15673:
15672:
15670:
15669:
15663:
15656:
15654:
15650:
15649:
15647:
15646:
15645:
15644:
15630:
15625:
15624:
15623:
15613:
15605:
15603:
15599:
15598:
15596:
15595:
15588:
15587:
15586:
15581:
15576:
15571:
15570:
15569:
15564:
15559:
15554:
15549:
15548:
15547:
15530:
15529:
15528:
15523:
15522:
15521:
15511:
15510:
15509:
15496:Latin American
15492:
15487:
15475:
15473:Judaeo-Spanish
15470:
15465:
15459:
15457:
15451:
15450:
15448:
15447:
15440:
15439:
15438:
15433:
15428:
15427:
15426:
15414:
15413:
15412:
15400:
15395:
15388:
15376:
15369:
15364:
15363:
15362:
15351:
15345:
15343:
15337:
15336:
15334:
15333:
15326:
15321:
15320:
15319:
15309:
15304:
15303:
15302:
15291:
15289:
15280:
15264:
15263:
15260:
15259:
15257:
15256:
15249:
15242:
15241:
15240:
15235:
15230:
15218:
15215:
15214:
15212:
15211:
15210:
15209:
15204:
15194:
15193:
15192:
15187:
15177:
15172:
15167:
15162:
15161:
15160:
15155:
15150:
15145:
15144:
15143:
15136:
15135:
15134:
15124:
15119:
15102:
15097:
15096:
15095:
15090:
15085:
15075:
15074:
15073:
15066:
15065:
15064:
15059:
15058:
15057:
15047:
15042:
15041:
15040:
15035:
15030:
15025:
15020:
15019:
15018:
15013:
15003:
14998:
14993:
14992:
14991:
14986:
14968:
14963:
14951:
14946:
14941:
14940:
14939:
14934:
14924:
14919:
14914:
14909:
14903:
14901:
14890:
14882:
14881:
14879:
14878:
14877:
14876:
14866:
14859:
14858:
14857:
14856:
14855:
14850:
14845:
14844:
14843:
14838:
14833:
14823:
14818:
14813:
14812:
14811:
14806:
14801:
14796:
14786:
14781:
14780:
14779:
14764:
14763:
14762:
14757:
14742:
14737:
14736:
14735:
14730:
14725:
14720:
14715:
14710:
14700:
14695:
14690:
14685:
14684:
14683:
14682:
14681:
14676:
14666:
14665:
14664:
14659:
14643:
14641:
14632:
14626:
14625:
14622:
14621:
14619:
14618:
14616:Judaeo-Italian
14613:
14612:
14611:
14606:
14593:
14591:
14587:
14586:
14584:
14583:
14582:
14581:
14576:
14575:
14574:
14569:
14564:
14559:
14554:
14553:
14552:
14542:
14537:
14532:
14527:
14510:
14509:
14508:
14507:
14506:
14496:
14495:
14494:
14484:
14473:
14471:
14467:
14466:
14464:
14463:
14462:
14461:
14449:
14444:
14443:
14442:
14437:
14432:
14427:
14415:
14414:
14413:
14403:
14402:
14401:
14396:
14391:
14386:
14385:
14384:
14379:
14374:
14358:
14356:
14349:
14341:
14340:
14338:
14337:
14330:
14329:
14328:
14323:
14318:
14313:
14308:
14303:
14298:
14293:
14288:
14276:
14271:
14269:Istro-Romanian
14266:
14260:
14258:
14252:
14251:
14249:
14248:
14243:
14242:
14241:
14236:
14226:
14220:
14218:
14217:Major branches
14214:
14213:
14209:classification
14201:
14200:
14193:
14186:
14178:
14169:
14168:
14165:
14164:
14157:
14151:
14140:
14139:
14136:
14135:
14133:
14132:
14131:
14130:
14125:
14114:
14107:
14105:
14101:
14100:
14097:
14096:
14094:
14093:
14086:
14085:
14084:
14074:
14067:
14062:
14061:
14060:
14055:
14045:
14040:
14033:
14028:
14021:
14016:
14009:
14004:
13999:
13994:
13993:
13992:
13982:
13975:
13970:
13967:Haitian Creole
13964:
13959:
13954:
13949:
13944:
13939:
13937:Burundi Pidgin
13934:
13929:
13924:
13919:
13914:
13908:
13906:
13902:
13901:
13899:
13898:
13893:
13886:
13879:
13874:
13869:
13864:
13859:
13852:
13847:
13839:
13837:
13831:
13830:
13828:
13827:
13822:
13817:
13812:
13807:
13802:
13797:
13792:
13787:
13782:
13775:
13770:
13763:
13758:
13753:
13748:
13743:
13738:
13733:
13728:
13727:
13726:
13721:
13710:
13705:
13700:
13695:
13690:
13689:
13688:
13683:
13672:
13671:
13670:
13665:
13654:
13652:
13645:
13644:
13642:
13641:
13636:
13631:
13626:
13621:
13616:
13610:
13608:
13602:
13601:
13599:
13598:
13593:
13588:
13582:
13580:
13571:
13565:
13564:
13562:
13561:
13554:
13552:
13548:
13547:
13539:
13538:
13531:
13524:
13516:
13507:
13506:
13504:
13503:
13498:
13493:
13487:
13485:
13484:Sign languages
13481:
13480:
13478:
13477:
13472:
13467:
13462:
13451:
13449:
13445:
13444:
13442:
13441:
13436:
13431:
13426:
13420:
13418:
13414:
13413:
13399:
13398:
13391:
13384:
13376:
13367:
13366:
13354:
13351:
13350:
13348:
13347:
13340:
13335:
13330:
13325:
13319:
13317:
13316:Sign languages
13313:
13312:
13310:
13309:
13304:
13299:
13294:
13289:
13284:
13279:
13274:
13269:
13264:
13259:
13254:
13249:
13244:
13239:
13233:
13231:
13227:
13226:
13224:
13223:
13218:
13213:
13211:Chinook Jargon
13208:
13203:
13198:
13192:
13190:
13186:
13185:
13182:
13181:
13179:
13178:
13173:
13168:
13163:
13158:
13152:
13150:
13146:
13145:
13143:
13142:
13137:
13132:
13126:
13124:
13118:
13117:
13115:
13114:
13112:Nuu-chah-nulth
13109:
13104:
13099:
13094:
13088:
13086:
13080:
13079:
13077:
13076:
13071:
13066:
13061:
13056:
13051:
13046:
13041:
13036:
13031:
13025:
13023:
13017:
13016:
13014:
13013:
13008:
13003:
12998:
12993:
12988:
12983:
12977:
12975:
12969:
12968:
12966:
12965:
12960:
12955:
12950:
12944:
12942:
12936:
12935:
12933:
12932:
12927:
12922:
12917:
12912:
12907:
12902:
12897:
12892:
12887:
12882:
12877:
12872:
12867:
12862:
12856:
12854:
12848:
12847:
12845:
12844:
12839:
12834:
12829:
12824:
12819:
12814:
12809:
12804:
12799:
12794:
12789:
12783:
12781:
12772:
12768:
12767:
12765:
12764:
12759:
12753:
12751:
12747:
12746:
12739:
12738:
12731:
12724:
12716:
12707:
12706:
12704:
12703:
12697:
12695:
12689:
12688:
12686:
12685:
12679:
12677:
12671:
12670:
12668:
12667:
12662:
12656:
12654:
12648:
12647:
12645:
12644:
12639:
12634:
12629:
12623:
12621:
12615:
12614:
12612:
12611:
12606:
12601:
12596:
12591:
12585:
12583:
12577:
12576:
12574:
12573:
12568:
12563:
12557:
12555:
12551:
12550:
12536:
12535:
12528:
12521:
12513:
12504:
12503:
12497:
12494:
12493:
12491:
12490:
12484:
12482:
12478:
12477:
12475:
12474:
12469:
12464:
12459:
12454:
12449:
12444:
12439:
12434:
12429:
12424:
12419:
12414:
12409:
12403:
12401:
12397:
12396:
12394:
12393:
12388:
12358:
12353:
12348:
12343:
12338:
12333:
12330:French Flemish
12326:
12321:
12311:
12306:
12292:
12291:
12290:
12279:
12277:
12273:
12272:
12270:
12269:
12263:
12261:
12257:
12256:
12242:
12241:
12234:
12227:
12219:
12210:
12209:
12206:
12205:
12200:
12195:
12189:
12187:
12186:
12180:
12179:
12176:
12175:
12172:
12171:
12169:
12168:
12163:
12158:
12153:
12148:
12143:
12138:
12133:
12128:
12123:
12118:
12113:
12108:
12107:Cultural icons
12105:
12100:
12095:
12090:
12085:
12080:
12074:
12072:
12066:
12065:
12063:
12062:
12057:
12052:
12047:
12046:
12045:
12035:
12030:
12025:
12020:
12015:
12010:
12005:
12000:
11995:
11990:
11985:
11979:
11973:
11967:
11966:
11963:
11962:
11960:
11959:
11954:
11949:
11944:
11939:
11934:
11929:
11927:Stock exchange
11924:
11919:
11914:
11909:
11904:
11899:
11894:
11889:
11888:
11887:
11877:
11872:
11866:
11860:
11854:
11853:
11850:
11849:
11847:
11846:
11841:
11836:
11831:
11830:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11809:
11804:
11803:
11802:
11797:
11787:
11782:
11777:
11776:
11775:
11765:
11759:
11753:
11747:
11746:
11743:
11742:
11740:
11739:
11734:
11729:
11727:National parks
11724:
11719:
11714:
11709:
11704:
11702:Climate change
11699:
11694:
11688:
11682:
11676:
11675:
11672:
11671:
11669:
11668:
11667:
11666:
11661:
11656:
11651:
11646:
11641:
11636:
11631:
11624:Fifth Republic
11621:
11620:
11619:
11609:
11603:
11601:
11597:
11596:
11594:
11593:
11592:
11591:
11586:
11581:
11576:
11566:
11565:
11564:
11550:
11545:
11544:
11543:
11532:Third Republic
11529:
11524:
11519:
11514:
11509:
11503:
11502:
11497:
11492:
11486:
11484:
11478:
11477:
11475:
11474:
11469:
11467:First Republic
11464:
11462:Napoleonic era
11459:
11453:
11451:
11447:
11446:
11444:
11443:
11438:
11433:
11428:
11423:
11418:
11413:
11408:
11403:
11394:
11389:
11384:
11378:
11376:
11370:
11369:
11367:
11366:
11365:
11364:
11354:
11349:
11348:
11347:
11337:
11331:
11329:
11323:
11322:
11320:
11319:
11314:
11309:
11307:Greek colonies
11304:
11298:
11296:
11290:
11289:
11287:
11286:
11281:
11275:
11273:
11269:
11268:
11266:
11265:
11260:
11255:
11250:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11230:
11225:
11219:
11217:
11210:
11204:
11203:
11193:
11192:
11185:
11178:
11170:
11164:
11161:
11160:
11151:
11150:
11138:
11135:
11134:
11133:
11122:
11119:
11118:
11117:
11086:
11083:
11082:
11081:
11074:
11071:
11070:
11069:
11061:
11058:
11056:
11053:
11045:
11044:
11034:
11029:
11021:
11018:
11017:
11016:
11010:
11005:
10996:
10985:
10982:
10981:
10980:
10974:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10957:External links
10955:
10954:
10953:
10939:Ursula Reutner
10936:
10921:
10915:
10896:
10893:
10892:
10891:
10882:
10861:
10842:
10839:
10836:
10835:
10805:
10775:
10745:
10737:Welsh language
10706:
10699:
10681:
10661:
10630:
10623:
10617:. Lippincott.
10602:
10571:
10559:
10544:
10514:
10492:
10470:
10448:
10426:
10369:
10338:(2): 207–228.
10318:
10292:
10261:
10230:
10226:Language Today
10207:
10184:(2): 498–517.
10164:
10133:
10102:
10089:
10061:
10031:
10000:
9974:
9963:on 4 June 2011
9945:
9918:
9907:on 8 June 2019
9885:
9855:
9826:
9824:, p. 358.
9814:
9812:, p. 218.
9802:
9800:, p. 217.
9790:
9763:
9741:
9708:
9706:, 2019, p. 192
9691:
9660:
9627:
9597:
9571:
9562:
9527:
9508:
9488:
9462:
9430:
9404:
9374:
9341:
9314:
9292:
9273:
9243:
9213:
9211:, Paris, 2002.
9185:
9153:
9127:
9097:
9067:
9030:
9006:United Nations
8997:
8958:
8928:
8902:
8890:
8871:
8851:
8807:
8784:
8762:
8732:
8713:
8691:
8684:
8663:
8633:
8602:
8583:
8563:
8539:
8524:
8505:
8478:
8469:
8460:
8398:
8361:
8346:
8308:
8285:
8270:
8247:
8202:(2): 356–390.
8186:
8183:. p. 106.
8171:
8159:
8130:
8109:
8091:
8084:
8066:
8031:
8012:
7992:
7973:
7953:
7946:
7923:
7916:
7887:
7861:
7834:
7816:
7766:
7737:
7696:
7677:(6): 822–836.
7657:
7642:
7610:
7589:(2): 135–150.
7569:
7551:
7528:
7498:
7466:
7441:
7411:
7379:
7346:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7337:
7336:
7175:
7165:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7158:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7056:
7055:
7039:
7036:
7035:
7034:
7019:
7018:
7002:
6999:
6831:
6828:
6760:Petit Larousse
6751:
6750:
6741:
6732:
6723:
6708:
6684:
6683:
6663:
6639:
6638:
6625:ensoleillement
6621:
6604:
6587:
6562:
6561:
6537:
6513:
6489:
6437:
6427:
6417:
6407:
6401:
6391:
6377:
6367:
6357:
6347:
6337:
6327:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6294:Word order is
6292:
6291:
6285:
6271:
6270:
6264:
6254:
6253:
6247:
6221:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6211:
6208:
6205:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6194:
6191:
6190:vous aimeriez
6188:
6185:
6181:
6180:
6177:
6176:j'aurais aimé
6174:
6171:
6168:
6164:
6163:
6160:
6157:
6154:
6150:
6149:
6146:
6143:
6128:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6118:
6115:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6101:
6100:
6097:
6093:
6092:
6089:
6076:
6073:
6070:
6069:
6066:
6063:
6060:
6057:
6054:
6053:il/elle aimât
6051:
6048:
6045:
6041:
6040:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6028:
6025:
6022:
6019:
6016:
6012:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5983:
5982:
5979:
5976:
5973:
5970:
5967:
5964:
5961:
5957:
5956:
5953:
5952:Passé composé
5950:
5947:
5944:
5928:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5906:
5903:
5900:
5897:
5893:
5892:
5889:
5886:
5883:
5882:tu avais aimé
5880:
5877:
5876:tu auras aimé
5874:
5871:
5868:
5864:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5844:nous aimerons
5842:
5839:
5835:
5834:
5831:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5816:
5813:
5809:
5808:
5805:
5802:
5799:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5785:
5782:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5767:
5764:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5731:
5730:
5727:
5724:
5721:
5718:
5715:
5712:
5709:
5706:
5702:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5672:
5671:Passé composé
5669:
5666:
5663:
5583:future perfect
5512:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5465:
5462:
5457:Main article:
5454:
5451:
5403:la professeure
5362:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5350:
5348:demonstratives
5340:
5337:
5254:French grammar
5252:Main article:
5249:
5246:
5234:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5210:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5093:is pronounced
5067:
5066:
5065:
5042:
4983:
4972:Moÿ-de-l'Aisne
4930:Château du Faÿ
4911:(a commune in
4895:
4811:
4718:
4673:is pronounced
4665:is pronounced
4639:
4616:l'accent grave
4608:
4569:
4551:
4537:
4466:pluralized as
4327:morphophonemic
4323:
4322:
4311:
4280:
4277:
4267:There are two
4236:French braille
4227:
4224:
4222:
4221:Writing system
4219:
4218:
4217:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4121:
3940:
3939:
3928:
3867:
3862:, "king", or
3840:
3835:and the nasal
3813:
3798:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3752:is present in
3714:/ɑ̃/,/ɛ̃/,/ɔ̃/
3700:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3678:
3677:
3670:
3661:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3640:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3539:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3502:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3472:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3429:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3383:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3342:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3292:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3268:
3267:
3260:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3183:
3173:
3163:
3158:
3135:Main article:
3132:
3129:
3094:Language Today
2984:European Union
2980:UN Secretariat
2972:world language
2967:
2964:
2954:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2899:Haitian French
2896:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2870:Ontario French
2867:
2862:
2857:
2855:Acadian French
2847:
2842:
2840:Belgian French
2837:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2827:Maghreb French
2822:African French
2818:
2813:Main article:
2810:
2807:
2801:. Since 2016,
2791:European Union
2754:
2751:
2727:Pacific Island
2699:
2696:
2680:license plates
2676:Lebanese pound
2628:
2625:
2602:
2599:
2594:Fall of Saigon
2551:
2550:Southeast Asia
2548:
2546:
2543:
2530:
2527:
2492:Haitian Creole
2483:
2480:
2474:, Alabama and
2387:
2384:
2300:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2238:
2235:
2220:African French
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2126:
2120:
2112:
2104:African French
2102:Main article:
2099:
2096:
1976:European Union
1964:Main article:
1961:
1958:
1946:
1943:
1895:Henri Grégoire
1828:
1825:
1796:Main article:
1793:
1790:
1784:(alchemy) and
1746:that became a
1625:Main article:
1622:
1619:
1515:
1512:
1488:Main article:
1485:
1482:
1458:United Nations
1435:European Union
1333:Haitian Creole
1309:Gallia Belgica
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1103:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1080:
1075:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1034:
1033:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1001:
1000:
994:
993:
985:
984:
972:
971:
958:, you may see
944:
943:
936:
930:
924:
923:
915:
914:
907:
901:
900:
893:
885:
884:
877:
872:
869:
868:
861:
853:
852:
825:
817:
816:
807:
799:
798:
797:Language codes
794:
793:
770:
764:
763:
761:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
738:European Union
735:
730:
725:
720:
718:United Nations
715:
704:
703:
702:
699:
698:
693:
688:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
629:
628:
627:
624:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
583:
578:
566:
554:
549:
533:10 subnational
531:
530:
529:
526:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
384:
383:
382:
380:
377:
374:
373:
369:
368:
359:
352:
349:
348:
346:French Braille
334:
330:Writing system
327:
324:
323:
321:
320:
319:
318:
317:
316:
315:
314:
313:
312:
283:
281:
278:
275:
274:
272:
271:
270:
269:
268:
267:
266:
265:
264:
263:
262:
261:
260:
259:
258:
257:
256:
255:
206:
204:
197:
194:
193:
180:
176:
175:
146:
145:Native to
142:
141:
134:
130:
129:
121:
120:
112:
111:
105:September 2024
90:. Knowledge's
51:
49:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
16813:
16802:
16799:
16797:
16794:
16792:
16789:
16787:
16784:
16782:
16779:
16777:
16774:
16772:
16769:
16767:
16764:
16762:
16759:
16757:
16754:
16752:
16749:
16747:
16744:
16742:
16739:
16737:
16734:
16732:
16729:
16727:
16724:
16722:
16719:
16717:
16714:
16712:
16709:
16707:
16704:
16702:
16699:
16697:
16694:
16692:
16689:
16687:
16684:
16682:
16679:
16677:
16674:
16672:
16669:
16667:
16664:
16662:
16659:
16657:
16654:
16652:
16649:
16647:
16644:
16642:
16639:
16637:
16634:
16632:
16629:
16627:
16624:
16622:
16619:
16617:
16614:
16612:
16609:
16607:
16604:
16602:
16599:
16597:
16594:
16592:
16589:
16587:
16584:
16582:
16579:
16577:
16574:
16572:
16569:
16567:
16564:
16562:
16559:
16557:
16554:
16552:
16549:
16548:
16546:
16525:
16522:
16520:
16517:
16516:
16514:
16510:
16504:
16501:
16499:
16496:
16494:
16491:
16489:
16486:
16484:
16481:
16479:
16478:Faroe Islands
16476:
16474:
16471:
16470:
16468:
16462:
16456:
16453:
16451:
16450:South Ossetia
16448:
16446:
16443:
16441:
16438:
16436:
16433:
16432:
16430:
16424:
16418:
16415:
16411:
16408:
16406:
16403:
16401:
16398:
16396:
16393:
16392:
16391:
16388:
16386:
16383:
16381:
16378:
16376:
16373:
16371:
16368:
16366:
16363:
16361:
16358:
16356:
16353:
16351:
16348:
16346:
16343:
16341:
16338:
16336:
16333:
16331:
16328:
16326:
16323:
16321:
16318:
16316:
16313:
16311:
16308:
16306:
16303:
16301:
16298:
16296:
16293:
16291:
16288:
16286:
16283:
16281:
16278:
16276:
16275:Liechtenstein
16273:
16271:
16268:
16266:
16263:
16261:
16258:
16256:
16254:
16251:
16249:
16246:
16244:
16241:
16239:
16236:
16234:
16231:
16229:
16226:
16224:
16221:
16219:
16216:
16214:
16211:
16209:
16206:
16204:
16201:
16199:
16196:
16194:
16191:
16189:
16186:
16184:
16181:
16179:
16176:
16174:
16171:
16169:
16166:
16164:
16161:
16159:
16156:
16154:
16151:
16149:
16146:
16145:
16143:
16139:
16135:
16128:
16123:
16121:
16116:
16114:
16109:
16108:
16105:
16092:
16088:
16086:
16082:
16079:
16077:
16073:
16070:
16069:
16066:
16060:
16059:Proto-Romance
16057:
16056:
16054:
16052:Reconstructed
16050:
16042:
16039:
16037:
16034:
16033:
16032:
16029:
16027:
16026:
16022:
16020:
16019:
16018:British Latin
16015:
16013:
16012:
16008:
16007:
16005:
16001:
15989:
15986:
15984:
15981:
15979:
15976:
15974:
15971:
15970:
15968:
15965:
15962:
15961:
15957:
15956:
15954:
15950:
15942:
15939:
15937:
15934:
15932:
15929:
15927:
15924:
15922:
15919:
15918:
15917:
15914:
15910:
15907:
15905:
15902:
15901:
15900:
15897:
15893:
15890:
15889:
15888:
15885:
15884:
15882:
15880:
15874:
15864:
15863:
15859:
15858:
15857:
15856:
15852:
15848:
15845:
15843:
15840:
15839:
15838:
15837:Vivaro-Alpine
15835:
15831:
15828:
15827:
15826:
15823:
15821:
15818:
15816:
15813:
15811:
15810:
15806:
15802:
15801:
15797:
15795:
15792:
15790:
15787:
15785:
15782:
15781:
15780:
15777:
15775:
15772:
15771:
15770:
15767:
15761:
15758:
15756:
15753:
15752:
15750:
15748:
15745:
15743:
15742:
15738:
15734:
15731:
15729:
15726:
15722:
15719:
15717:
15714:
15713:
15712:
15709:
15707:
15704:
15703:
15701:
15699:
15696:
15695:
15694:
15693:
15689:
15688:
15686:
15684:
15678:
15667:
15664:
15661:
15658:
15657:
15655:
15651:
15643:
15642:
15641:Old Navarrese
15638:
15637:
15636:
15635:
15631:
15629:
15626:
15622:
15619:
15618:
15617:
15614:
15612:
15611:
15607:
15606:
15604:
15600:
15594:
15593:
15589:
15585:
15582:
15580:
15577:
15575:
15572:
15568:
15565:
15563:
15560:
15558:
15555:
15553:
15550:
15546:
15543:
15542:
15541:
15538:
15537:
15536:
15535:
15531:
15527:
15524:
15520:
15517:
15516:
15515:
15512:
15508:
15505:
15504:
15503:
15500:
15499:
15498:
15497:
15493:
15491:
15490:Equatoguinean
15488:
15486:
15483:
15482:
15481:
15480:
15476:
15474:
15471:
15469:
15466:
15464:
15461:
15460:
15458:
15456:
15452:
15446:
15445:
15441:
15437:
15434:
15432:
15429:
15425:
15422:
15421:
15420:
15419:
15415:
15411:
15408:
15407:
15406:
15405:
15401:
15399:
15396:
15394:
15393:
15389:
15387:
15384:
15383:
15382:
15381:
15377:
15375:
15374:
15370:
15368:
15365:
15360:
15357:
15356:
15355:
15352:
15350:
15347:
15346:
15344:
15342:
15338:
15332:
15331:
15327:
15325:
15322:
15318:
15315:
15314:
15313:
15310:
15308:
15305:
15301:
15298:
15297:
15296:
15293:
15292:
15290:
15288:
15284:
15281:
15278:
15271:
15265:
15255:
15254:
15250:
15248:
15247:
15243:
15239:
15236:
15234:
15231:
15229:
15226:
15225:
15223:
15220:
15219:
15216:
15208:
15205:
15203:
15200:
15199:
15198:
15195:
15191:
15188:
15186:
15183:
15182:
15181:
15178:
15176:
15173:
15171:
15168:
15166:
15163:
15159:
15156:
15154:
15151:
15149:
15146:
15142:
15141:
15137:
15133:
15130:
15129:
15128:
15125:
15123:
15120:
15118:
15117:
15113:
15112:
15111:
15108:
15107:
15106:
15103:
15101:
15098:
15094:
15091:
15089:
15086:
15084:
15081:
15080:
15079:
15076:
15072:
15071:
15067:
15063:
15060:
15056:
15053:
15052:
15051:
15048:
15046:
15043:
15039:
15036:
15034:
15031:
15029:
15026:
15024:
15021:
15017:
15014:
15012:
15009:
15008:
15007:
15004:
15002:
14999:
14997:
14994:
14990:
14987:
14985:
14982:
14981:
14980:
14977:
14976:
14975:
14972:
14971:
14969:
14967:
14964:
14962:
14959:
14958:
14957:
14956:
14952:
14950:
14947:
14945:
14944:Frainc-Comtou
14942:
14938:
14935:
14933:
14930:
14929:
14928:
14925:
14923:
14920:
14918:
14915:
14913:
14910:
14908:
14905:
14904:
14902:
14900:
14894:
14891:
14889:
14883:
14875:
14872:
14871:
14870:
14867:
14865:
14864:
14860:
14854:
14851:
14849:
14846:
14842:
14839:
14837:
14834:
14832:
14829:
14828:
14827:
14824:
14822:
14819:
14817:
14814:
14810:
14807:
14805:
14802:
14800:
14797:
14795:
14792:
14791:
14790:
14787:
14785:
14782:
14778:
14775:
14774:
14773:
14770:
14769:
14768:
14765:
14761:
14758:
14756:
14753:
14752:
14751:
14748:
14747:
14746:
14743:
14741:
14740:Judeo-Italian
14738:
14734:
14731:
14729:
14726:
14724:
14721:
14719:
14716:
14714:
14711:
14709:
14706:
14705:
14704:
14701:
14699:
14696:
14694:
14691:
14689:
14686:
14680:
14677:
14675:
14672:
14671:
14670:
14667:
14663:
14660:
14658:
14655:
14654:
14653:
14650:
14649:
14648:
14645:
14644:
14642:
14640:
14636:
14633:
14631:
14627:
14617:
14614:
14610:
14607:
14605:
14604:
14600:
14599:
14598:
14595:
14594:
14592:
14588:
14580:
14577:
14573:
14570:
14568:
14565:
14563:
14560:
14558:
14555:
14551:
14548:
14547:
14546:
14543:
14541:
14538:
14536:
14535:Castelmezzano
14533:
14531:
14528:
14526:
14523:
14522:
14521:
14520:
14516:
14515:
14514:
14511:
14505:
14502:
14501:
14500:
14497:
14493:
14490:
14489:
14488:
14485:
14483:
14480:
14479:
14478:
14475:
14474:
14472:
14468:
14460:
14457:
14456:
14455:
14454:
14450:
14448:
14445:
14441:
14440:Swiss Italian
14438:
14436:
14433:
14431:
14428:
14426:
14423:
14422:
14421:
14420:
14416:
14412:
14409:
14408:
14407:
14404:
14400:
14397:
14395:
14392:
14390:
14387:
14383:
14380:
14378:
14375:
14373:
14370:
14369:
14368:
14365:
14364:
14363:
14360:
14359:
14357:
14353:
14350:
14348:
14342:
14336:
14335:
14331:
14327:
14324:
14322:
14321:Transylvanian
14319:
14317:
14314:
14312:
14309:
14307:
14304:
14302:
14299:
14297:
14294:
14292:
14289:
14287:
14284:
14283:
14282:
14281:
14280:Daco-Romanian
14277:
14275:
14272:
14270:
14267:
14265:
14262:
14261:
14259:
14257:
14253:
14247:
14244:
14240:
14237:
14235:
14232:
14231:
14230:
14229:Italo-Western
14227:
14225:
14222:
14221:
14219:
14215:
14210:
14206:
14199:
14194:
14192:
14187:
14185:
14180:
14179:
14176:
14162:
14158:
14156:
14152:
14149:
14145:
14142:
14141:
14137:
14129:
14126:
14124:
14121:
14120:
14118:
14115:
14112:
14109:
14108:
14106:
14102:
14092:
14091:
14087:
14083:
14080:
14079:
14078:
14075:
14073:
14072:
14068:
14066:
14063:
14059:
14056:
14054:
14051:
14050:
14049:
14046:
14044:
14041:
14039:
14038:
14034:
14032:
14029:
14027:
14026:
14022:
14020:
14017:
14015:
14014:
14010:
14008:
14005:
14003:
14000:
13998:
13995:
13991:
13988:
13987:
13986:
13983:
13981:
13980:
13976:
13974:
13971:
13968:
13965:
13963:
13960:
13958:
13955:
13953:
13952:Frainc-Comtou
13950:
13948:
13945:
13943:
13940:
13938:
13935:
13933:
13930:
13928:
13925:
13923:
13920:
13918:
13915:
13913:
13910:
13909:
13907:
13903:
13897:
13894:
13892:
13891:
13887:
13885:
13884:
13880:
13878:
13875:
13873:
13870:
13868:
13865:
13863:
13860:
13858:
13857:
13853:
13851:
13848:
13846:
13845:
13841:
13840:
13838:
13836:
13832:
13826:
13823:
13821:
13818:
13816:
13813:
13811:
13808:
13806:
13803:
13801:
13798:
13796:
13793:
13791:
13788:
13786:
13783:
13781:
13780:
13779:Middle French
13776:
13774:
13771:
13769:
13768:
13764:
13762:
13759:
13757:
13754:
13752:
13749:
13747:
13744:
13742:
13739:
13737:
13734:
13732:
13729:
13725:
13722:
13720:
13717:
13716:
13714:
13711:
13709:
13706:
13704:
13701:
13699:
13696:
13694:
13691:
13687:
13684:
13682:
13679:
13678:
13676:
13673:
13669:
13668:St. Marys Bay
13666:
13664:
13661:
13660:
13659:
13656:
13655:
13653:
13650:
13646:
13640:
13637:
13635:
13632:
13630:
13627:
13625:
13622:
13620:
13617:
13615:
13612:
13611:
13609:
13607:
13603:
13597:
13594:
13592:
13589:
13587:
13584:
13583:
13581:
13579:
13575:
13572:
13570:
13569:Langues d'oïl
13566:
13559:
13556:
13555:
13553:
13549:
13544:
13537:
13532:
13530:
13525:
13523:
13518:
13517:
13514:
13502:
13499:
13497:
13494:
13492:
13489:
13488:
13486:
13482:
13476:
13473:
13471:
13468:
13466:
13463:
13460:
13456:
13453:
13452:
13450:
13446:
13440:
13437:
13435:
13432:
13430:
13427:
13425:
13422:
13421:
13419:
13415:
13411:
13406:
13397:
13392:
13390:
13385:
13383:
13378:
13377:
13374:
13364:
13362:
13358:
13352:
13346:
13345:
13341:
13339:
13336:
13334:
13331:
13329:
13326:
13324:
13321:
13320:
13318:
13314:
13308:
13305:
13303:
13300:
13298:
13295:
13293:
13290:
13288:
13285:
13283:
13280:
13278:
13275:
13273:
13270:
13268:
13265:
13263:
13260:
13258:
13255:
13253:
13250:
13248:
13245:
13243:
13240:
13238:
13235:
13234:
13232:
13228:
13222:
13219:
13217:
13214:
13212:
13209:
13207:
13204:
13202:
13201:Broken Slavey
13199:
13197:
13194:
13193:
13191:
13187:
13177:
13174:
13172:
13169:
13167:
13164:
13162:
13159:
13157:
13154:
13153:
13151:
13147:
13141:
13138:
13136:
13133:
13131:
13128:
13127:
13125:
13123:
13119:
13113:
13110:
13108:
13105:
13103:
13100:
13098:
13095:
13093:
13090:
13089:
13087:
13085:
13081:
13075:
13072:
13070:
13067:
13065:
13062:
13060:
13057:
13055:
13052:
13050:
13047:
13045:
13042:
13040:
13037:
13035:
13032:
13030:
13027:
13026:
13024:
13022:
13018:
13012:
13009:
13007:
13004:
13002:
12999:
12997:
12994:
12992:
12989:
12987:
12984:
12982:
12979:
12978:
12976:
12974:
12970:
12964:
12961:
12959:
12956:
12954:
12951:
12949:
12946:
12945:
12943:
12941:
12937:
12931:
12928:
12926:
12923:
12921:
12918:
12916:
12913:
12911:
12908:
12906:
12903:
12901:
12898:
12896:
12893:
12891:
12888:
12886:
12883:
12881:
12878:
12876:
12873:
12871:
12868:
12866:
12863:
12861:
12858:
12857:
12855:
12853:
12849:
12843:
12840:
12838:
12835:
12833:
12830:
12828:
12825:
12823:
12820:
12818:
12815:
12813:
12810:
12808:
12805:
12803:
12800:
12798:
12795:
12793:
12790:
12788:
12785:
12784:
12782:
12780:
12776:
12773:
12769:
12763:
12760:
12758:
12755:
12754:
12752:
12748:
12744:
12737:
12732:
12730:
12725:
12723:
12718:
12717:
12714:
12702:
12699:
12698:
12696:
12694:
12690:
12684:
12681:
12680:
12678:
12676:
12672:
12666:
12663:
12661:
12658:
12657:
12655:
12653:
12649:
12643:
12640:
12638:
12635:
12633:
12630:
12628:
12625:
12624:
12622:
12620:
12616:
12610:
12607:
12605:
12602:
12600:
12597:
12595:
12592:
12590:
12587:
12586:
12584:
12582:
12578:
12572:
12569:
12567:
12564:
12562:
12559:
12558:
12556:
12552:
12548:
12543:
12534:
12529:
12527:
12522:
12520:
12515:
12514:
12511:
12501:
12495:
12489:
12486:
12485:
12483:
12479:
12473:
12470:
12468:
12465:
12463:
12460:
12458:
12455:
12453:
12450:
12448:
12445:
12443:
12440:
12438:
12435:
12433:
12430:
12428:
12425:
12423:
12420:
12418:
12415:
12413:
12410:
12408:
12405:
12404:
12402:
12398:
12392:
12389:
12386:
12385:Vivaro-Alpine
12382:
12378:
12374:
12370:
12366:
12362:
12359:
12357:
12354:
12352:
12349:
12347:
12344:
12342:
12339:
12337:
12334:
12331:
12327:
12325:
12322:
12319:
12315:
12312:
12310:
12307:
12304:
12300:
12296:
12293:
12289:
12286:
12285:
12284:
12281:
12280:
12278:
12274:
12268:
12265:
12264:
12262:
12258:
12254:
12249:
12240:
12235:
12233:
12228:
12226:
12221:
12220:
12217:
12204:
12201:
12199:
12196:
12194:
12191:
12190:
12185:
12182:
12181:
12177:
12167:
12164:
12162:
12159:
12157:
12154:
12152:
12149:
12147:
12144:
12142:
12139:
12137:
12134:
12132:
12129:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12112:
12109:
12106:
12104:
12101:
12099:
12096:
12094:
12091:
12089:
12086:
12084:
12081:
12079:
12076:
12075:
12073:
12071:
12067:
12061:
12058:
12056:
12053:
12051:
12048:
12044:
12041:
12040:
12039:
12036:
12034:
12031:
12029:
12026:
12024:
12021:
12019:
12016:
12014:
12011:
12009:
12006:
12004:
12001:
11999:
11996:
11994:
11991:
11989:
11988:Birth control
11986:
11984:
11981:
11980:
11977:
11974:
11972:
11968:
11958:
11955:
11953:
11950:
11948:
11945:
11943:
11940:
11938:
11935:
11933:
11930:
11928:
11925:
11923:
11920:
11918:
11915:
11913:
11910:
11908:
11905:
11903:
11900:
11898:
11895:
11893:
11890:
11886:
11883:
11882:
11881:
11878:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11868:
11867:
11864:
11861:
11859:
11855:
11845:
11842:
11840:
11837:
11835:
11832:
11828:
11825:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11814:
11813:
11810:
11808:
11805:
11801:
11798:
11796:
11793:
11792:
11791:
11788:
11786:
11783:
11781:
11778:
11774:
11771:
11770:
11769:
11766:
11764:
11763:Constitutions
11761:
11760:
11757:
11754:
11752:
11748:
11738:
11735:
11733:
11730:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11718:
11715:
11713:
11710:
11708:
11705:
11703:
11700:
11698:
11695:
11693:
11690:
11689:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11677:
11665:
11662:
11660:
11657:
11655:
11652:
11650:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11640:
11637:
11635:
11632:
11630:
11627:
11626:
11625:
11622:
11618:
11615:
11614:
11613:
11610:
11608:
11605:
11604:
11602:
11598:
11590:
11587:
11585:
11582:
11580:
11577:
11575:
11572:
11571:
11570:
11567:
11562:
11561:
11560:Années folles
11556:
11555:
11554:
11551:
11549:
11546:
11541:
11540:
11535:
11534:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11522:Second Empire
11520:
11518:
11515:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11505:
11504:
11501:
11500:July Monarchy
11498:
11496:
11493:
11491:
11488:
11487:
11485:
11483:
11479:
11473:
11470:
11468:
11465:
11463:
11460:
11458:
11455:
11454:
11452:
11448:
11442:
11439:
11437:
11434:
11432:
11429:
11427:
11424:
11422:
11419:
11417:
11414:
11412:
11409:
11407:
11404:
11401:
11400:
11399:Ancien Régime
11395:
11393:
11390:
11388:
11385:
11383:
11380:
11379:
11377:
11375:
11371:
11363:
11360:
11359:
11358:
11355:
11353:
11350:
11346:
11343:
11342:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11332:
11330:
11328:
11324:
11318:
11315:
11313:
11310:
11308:
11305:
11303:
11300:
11299:
11297:
11295:
11291:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11276:
11274:
11270:
11264:
11261:
11259:
11256:
11254:
11251:
11249:
11246:
11244:
11241:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11226:
11224:
11221:
11220:
11218:
11214:
11211:
11209:
11205:
11201:
11198:
11191:
11186:
11184:
11179:
11177:
11172:
11171:
11168:
11162:
11155:
11149:
11145:
11141:
11140:
11131:
11125:
11124:
11106:
11102:
11098:
11094:
11091:Smith, Paul.
11089:
11088:
11080:
11077:
11076:
11067:
11064:
11063:
11050:
11042:
11038:
11035:
11033:
11030:
11028:
11024:
11023:
11014:
11011:
11009:
11006:
11004:
11000:
10997:
10995:
10991:
10988:
10987:
10978:
10975:
10969:
10966:
10965:
10962:Organisations
10952:
10948:
10944:
10940:
10937:
10934:
10933:0-312-34183-0
10930:
10926:
10922:
10918:
10912:
10907:
10906:
10899:
10898:
10888:
10883:
10868:
10864:
10858:
10851:
10850:
10845:
10844:
10823:
10819:
10815:
10809:
10793:
10789:
10785:
10779:
10763:
10759:
10756:(in French).
10755:
10749:
10742:
10738:
10724:
10721:(in French).
10720:
10719:langue-fr.net
10716:
10710:
10702:
10696:
10692:
10685:
10678:
10674:
10668:
10666:
10649:
10645:
10641:
10634:
10626:
10620:
10616:
10612:
10606:
10590:
10586:
10582:
10575:
10566:
10564:
10555:
10548:
10532:
10528:
10524:
10518:
10511:
10507:
10504:
10496:
10489:
10485:
10482:
10474:
10467:
10463:
10460:
10452:
10445:
10441:
10438:
10430:
10411:
10407:
10403:
10399:
10395:
10392:(2): 129–44.
10391:
10387:
10380:
10373:
10357:
10353:
10349:
10345:
10341:
10337:
10333:
10329:
10322:
10315:
10311:
10307:
10303:
10296:
10280:
10276:
10275:The Economist
10272:
10265:
10249:
10245:
10241:
10234:
10227:
10223:
10218:
10216:
10214:
10212:
10195:
10191:
10187:
10183:
10179:
10175:
10168:
10152:
10148:
10144:
10137:
10121:
10117:
10113:
10106:
10099:
10093:
10086:
10082:
10078:
10075:
10071:
10065:
10049:
10045:
10041:
10035:
10019:
10015:
10011:
10004:
9988:
9984:
9978:
9959:
9955:
9949:
9933:
9929:
9922:
9903:
9899:
9892:
9890:
9873:
9869:
9862:
9860:
9843:
9836:
9830:
9823:
9818:
9811:
9806:
9799:
9794:
9778:
9774:
9767:
9761:
9757:
9753:
9750:
9745:
9729:
9725:
9721:
9715:
9713:
9705:
9701:
9695:
9679:
9675:
9671:
9664:
9648:
9644:
9643:
9638:
9631:
9615:
9611:
9607:
9601:
9585:
9581:
9575:
9566:
9559:
9554:
9550:
9546:
9542:
9538:
9531:
9515:
9511:
9505:
9501:
9500:
9492:
9476:
9472:
9466:
9447:
9440:
9434:
9418:
9414:
9408:
9392:
9388:
9384:
9378:
9371:
9366:
9360:
9356:
9353:
9345:
9338:
9333:
9329:
9326:
9318:
9311:
9307:
9304:
9296:
9289:
9285:
9282:
9277:
9261:
9257:
9256:www.cecif.com
9253:
9247:
9231:
9227:
9223:
9217:
9210:
9209:CNRS Editions
9206:
9202:
9199:
9198:
9189:
9170:
9163:
9157:
9141:
9137:
9131:
9116:
9112:
9108:
9101:
9085:
9081:
9074:
9072:
9052:
9045:
9041:
9034:
9018:
9011:
9007:
9001:
8982:
8975:
8971:
8965:
8963:
8946:
8942:
8938:
8932:
8916:
8912:
8906:
8899:
8894:
8878:
8874:
8868:
8864:
8863:
8855:
8836:
8832:
8828:
8821:
8817:
8811:
8803:
8799:
8795:
8791:
8787:
8781:
8777:
8773:
8766:
8750:
8746:
8742:
8736:
8729:
8725:
8722:
8717:
8709:
8702:
8695:
8687:
8681:
8677:
8670:
8668:
8651:
8647:
8643:
8637:
8621:
8617:
8613:
8606:
8590:
8586:
8580:
8576:
8575:
8567:
8560:
8559:Top Languages
8556:
8552:
8548:
8543:
8535:
8528:
8512:
8508:
8502:
8498:
8497:
8492:
8491:Barlow, Julie
8488:
8482:
8473:
8464:
8448:
8444:
8440:
8436:
8432:
8428:
8424:
8420:
8416:
8412:
8405:
8403:
8386:
8382:
8378:
8372:
8370:
8368:
8366:
8359:, p. 82.
8358:
8357:Roegiest 2006
8353:
8351:
8343:
8341:
8337:
8333:
8329:
8315:
8311:
8305:
8301:
8300:
8292:
8290:
8281:
8274:
8266:
8262:
8258:
8251:
8243:
8239:
8235:
8231:
8227:
8223:
8219:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8201:
8197:
8190:
8182:
8175:
8169:, p. 83.
8168:
8167:Roegiest 2006
8163:
8155:
8149:
8141:
8134:
8126:
8120:
8113:
8105:
8098:
8096:
8087:
8085:9780901519597
8081:
8077:
8070:
8062:
8058:
8054:
8050:
8046:
8040:
8038:
8036:
8019:
8015:
8013:1-58811-313-2
8009:
8005:
8004:
7996:
7980:
7976:
7970:
7966:
7965:
7957:
7949:
7943:
7939:
7932:
7930:
7928:
7919:
7913:
7909:
7905:
7901:
7894:
7892:
7875:
7871:
7865:
7849:
7845:
7838:
7830:
7826:
7820:
7802:
7798:
7794:
7792:
7791:Eurobarometer
7783:
7780:(June 2012),
7779:
7773:
7771:
7754:
7750:
7744:
7742:
7733:
7729:
7724:
7719:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7700:
7692:
7688:
7684:
7680:
7676:
7672:
7668:
7661:
7653:
7646:
7631:
7624:
7617:
7615:
7606:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7573:
7562:
7555:
7547:
7543:
7539:
7532:
7516:
7512:
7508:
7502:
7483:
7476:
7470:
7462:
7456:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7429:
7425:
7421:
7415:
7399:
7395:
7394:
7389:
7383:
7375:
7369:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7356:
7354:
7352:
7347:
7333:
7329:
7323:
7317:
7313:
7307:
7301:
7297:
7293:
7289:
7285:
7281:
7277:
7273:
7269:
7265:
7261:
7257:
7253:
7252:Guinea-Bissau
7249:
7245:
7241:
7237:
7233:
7229:
7228:Côte d'Ivoire
7225:
7221:
7217:
7213:
7209:
7205:
7201:
7197:
7193:
7189:
7185:
7179:
7170:
7166:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7105:French poetry
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7057:
7053:
7047:
7042:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7028:
7026:
7025:
7017:
7014:
7013:
7012:
7010:
7009:
6998:
6996:
6992:
6987:
6985:
6980:
6978:
6974:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6958:
6953:
6951:
6950:quatre-vingts
6947:
6945:
6939:
6935:
6933:
6927:
6925:
6924:quatre-vingts
6919:
6917:
6911:
6909:
6903:
6899:
6895:
6891:
6890:Aostan French
6887:
6883:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6871:
6865:
6861:
6859:
6858:quatre-vingts
6853:
6851:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6827:
6825:
6820:
6818:
6814:
6810:
6806:
6802:
6798:
6794:
6790:
6786:
6782:
6778:
6774:
6770:
6766:
6762:
6761:
6756:
6749:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6715:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6703:
6700:
6699:
6698:
6696:
6691:
6689:
6682:
6681:
6676:
6675:
6670:
6669:
6664:
6662:
6661:
6656:
6655:
6650:
6649:
6645:thing/cause:
6644:
6643:
6642:
6637:
6636:
6631:
6627:
6626:
6622:
6620:
6619:
6614:
6610:
6609:
6605:
6603:
6602:
6597:
6593:
6592:
6588:
6586:
6585:
6580:
6576:
6575:
6571:
6570:
6569:
6567:
6560:
6559:
6555:
6550:
6549:
6544:
6543:
6538:
6536:
6535:
6531:
6526:
6525:
6520:
6519:
6514:
6512:
6511:
6507:
6502:
6501:
6496:
6495:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6483:
6478:
6477:
6472:
6471:
6466:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6458:
6454:
6450:
6434:
6424:
6414:
6398:
6388:
6384:
6374:
6364:
6354:
6344:
6334:
6326:
6325:
6312:
6310:
6306:
6301:
6297:
6290:
6286:
6284:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6269:
6265:
6263:
6259:
6258:
6257:
6252:
6248:
6246:
6242:
6241:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6231:
6230:passive voice
6227:
6212:
6209:
6206:
6203:
6200:
6199:
6195:
6192:
6189:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6178:
6175:
6172:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6161:
6158:
6155:
6152:
6151:
6141:
6138:Conditionnel
6135:
6132:
6119:
6116:
6113:
6112:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6087:
6081:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6058:
6055:
6052:
6049:
6047:il/elle aime
6046:
6043:
6042:
6038:
6035:
6032:
6030:tu aies aimé
6029:
6026:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6013:
6009:
6007:j'eusse aimé
6006:
6003:
6000:
5997:
5994:
5992:nous aimions
5991:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5971:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5942:
5936:
5933:
5919:
5916:
5913:
5910:
5907:
5904:
5901:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5875:
5873:vous aimerez
5872:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5861:
5858:
5855:
5853:j'avais aimé
5852:
5849:
5847:j'aurai aimé
5846:
5843:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5832:
5829:
5826:
5823:
5820:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5810:
5798:Futur simple
5794:
5790:
5786:
5784:il/elle aima
5783:
5780:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5768:
5766:il/elle aime
5765:
5762:
5761:
5758:vous aimâtes
5757:
5754:
5751:
5748:
5745:
5742:
5739:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5729:nous aimâmes
5728:
5725:
5722:
5719:
5717:nous aimions
5716:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5674:Passé simple
5661:
5655:
5652:
5646:
5640:
5634:
5633:passé composé
5628:
5625:
5619:
5613:
5607:
5606:passé composé
5601:
5596:
5591:
5590:
5584:
5579:
5578:
5572:
5571:simple future
5567:
5566:
5560:
5555:
5554:
5548:
5543:
5542:
5535:
5534:
5533:passé composé
5528:
5523:
5518:
5509:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5460:
5450:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5399:le professeur
5396:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5365:Every French
5355:
5351:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5332:
5331:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5255:
5245:
5242:
5237:
5227:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5211:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5185:(from former
5184:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5120:
5113:is otherwise
5112:
5108:
5104:
5100:
5092:
5088:
5086:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5043:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4922:
4921:Rue des Cloÿs
4918:
4914:
4910:
4909:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4851:
4846:
4842:
4840:
4834:
4832:
4825:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4807:[wɛ̃]
4804:
4803:
4801:
4794:
4789:
4785:
4783:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4672:
4664:
4660:
4658:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4629:
4627:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4598:
4596:
4591:
4587:
4586:l'accent aigu
4583:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4453:
4449:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4413:
4409:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4384:
4378:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4286:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4233:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4206:Quebec French
4203:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3937:
3933:
3932:delateralised
3929:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3916:, "pay", vs.
3915:
3914:
3913:
3896:
3895:minimal pairs
3880:
3876:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3845:
3841:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3799:
3796:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3755:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3693:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3528:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3384:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3138:
3128:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2976:jurisprudence
2973:
2959:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:Indian French
2902:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2882:French French
2880:
2876:
2875:Quebec French
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2835:Aostan French
2833:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2750:
2746:
2745:, it is 84%.
2744:
2740:
2736:
2735:New Caledonia
2732:
2728:
2721:
2717:
2716:New Caledonia
2713:
2709:
2704:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2641:Town sign in
2639:
2634:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2607:Indian French
2598:
2595:
2591:
2590:South Vietnam
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2535:French Guiana
2526:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2428:New Hampshire
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2412:New Hampshire
2409:
2405:
2397:
2392:
2386:United States
2383:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2327:New Brunswick
2324:
2320:
2308:
2304:
2303:"arrêt" signs
2297:
2271:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2211:, Gabon, and
2210:
2206:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2140:
2133:
2110:
2105:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1837:lingua franca
1834:
1827:Modern French
1824:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1798:Middle French
1792:Middle French
1789:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1772:(cotton) and
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1749:lingua franca
1745:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1727:, as well as
1726:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1662:V2 word order
1659:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1637:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1521:
1520:Gallo-Romance
1511:
1509:
1508:Middle French
1505:
1501:
1497:
1491:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1350:, as well as
1349:
1345:
1342:French is an
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1293:langues d'oïl
1290:
1286:
1285:Gallo-Romance
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1257:
1252:
1244:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:passé composé
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:Langues d'oïl
1005:
1004:
1003:
1002:
999:
996:
995:
991:
987:
986:
982:
978:
977:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
951:
945:
921:
916:
912:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
892:
891:
886:
882:
878:
875:
874:Linguist List
870:
866:
862:
859:
854:
849:
844:
836:
831:
826:
823:
818:
813:
808:
805:
800:
795:
789:
784:
779:
774:
771:
769:
765:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
743:African Union
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
707:
697:
694:
692:
689:
684:
683:New Hampshire
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
632:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
600:
595:
591:
590:Mahé district
587:
584:
582:
581:New Caledonia
579:
575:
574:United States
570:
567:
563:
562:United States
558:
555:
553:
550:
546:
541:
538:
537:
534:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
390:
387:
381:
375:
370:
367:
363:
362:Signed French
360:
356:
350:
347:
342:
338:
335:
331:
325:
311:
310:Middle French
308:
307:
306:
303:
302:
301:
298:
297:
296:
295:Proto-Romance
293:
292:
291:
288:
287:
286:
282:
276:
254:
251:
250:
249:
246:
245:
244:
243:Gallo-Romance
241:
240:
239:
236:
235:
234:
233:Italo-Western
231:
230:
229:
226:
225:
224:
221:
220:
219:
216:
215:
214:
211:
210:
209:
208:Indo-European
205:
201:
195:
189:
184:
181:
177:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:
143:
139:
135:
133:Pronunciation
131:
127:
122:
117:
108:
98:
93:
89:
82:
72:
62:
55:
50:
41:
40:
37:
33:
32:Lingua franca
19:
16455:Transnistria
16417:Vatican City
16080:
16071:
16023:
16016:
16009:
15958:
15860:
15853:
15815:Languedocien
15807:
15800:Judeo-Gascon
15798:
15739:
15690:
15660:Barranquenho
15639:
15632:
15608:
15590:
15532:
15494:
15477:
15468:Extremaduran
15442:
15416:
15402:
15390:
15378:
15371:
15328:
15287:Asturleonese
15251:
15244:
15202:West Walloon
15190:Saintongeais
15138:
15114:
15110:Anglo-Norman
15068:
15001:Newfoundland
14961:Jersey Legal
14954:
14953:
14861:
14826:Southwestern
14809:Vallassinese
14698:Gallo-Picene
14639:Gallo-Italic
14601:
14517:
14512:
14451:
14417:
14332:
14278:
14143:
14088:
14069:
14058:Saintongeais
14035:
14023:
14011:
13977:
13942:Camfranglais
13888:
13881:
13854:
13844:Anglo-Norman
13842:
13805:Newfoundland
13790:Metropolitan
13777:
13767:Jersey Legal
13765:
13756:Houma French
13648:
13596:Saint Lucian
13551:Areal groups
13545:and dialects
13501:Italian Sign
13475:Swiss German
13355:
13342:
13302:Plautdietsch
12963:Inuvialuktun
12701:Sinte Romani
12604:West Flemish
12594:East Flemish
12427:Guadeloupean
12369:Languedocian
12266:
12093:Coat of arms
12083:Architecture
12055:Social class
12013:Homelessness
11998:Demographics
11952:Trade unions
11885:Central bank
11827:criminal law
11790:Human rights
11773:presidential
11617:Algerian War
11600:Contemporary
11574:Vichy France
11569:World War II
11539:Belle Époque
11472:First Empire
11374:Early Modern
11345:West Francia
11109:. Retrieved
11105:the original
11096:
10942:
10924:
10904:
10886:
10874:. Retrieved
10867:the original
10848:
10826:. Retrieved
10817:
10808:
10796:. Retrieved
10787:
10778:
10766:. Retrieved
10762:the original
10748:
10727:. Retrieved
10718:
10709:
10690:
10684:
10672:
10652:. Retrieved
10644:MED Magazine
10643:
10633:
10614:
10605:
10593:. Retrieved
10584:
10574:
10553:
10547:
10535:. Retrieved
10526:
10517:
10495:
10473:
10451:
10429:
10419:22 September
10417:. Retrieved
10389:
10385:
10372:
10360:. Retrieved
10335:
10331:
10321:
10313:
10308:. New York.
10305:
10295:
10283:. Retrieved
10274:
10264:
10252:. Retrieved
10243:
10233:
10225:
10198:. Retrieved
10181:
10177:
10167:
10155:. Retrieved
10146:
10136:
10124:. Retrieved
10115:
10105:
10097:
10092:
10064:
10054:16 September
10052:. Retrieved
10043:
10034:
10022:. Retrieved
10013:
10003:
9991:. Retrieved
9977:
9965:. Retrieved
9958:the original
9948:
9936:. Retrieved
9932:the original
9921:
9909:. Retrieved
9902:the original
9876:. Retrieved
9872:the original
9846:. Retrieved
9829:
9817:
9805:
9793:
9781:. Retrieved
9766:
9744:
9732:. Retrieved
9723:
9699:
9694:
9682:. Retrieved
9673:
9663:
9651:. Retrieved
9640:
9630:
9618:. Retrieved
9609:
9600:
9588:. Retrieved
9574:
9565:
9556:
9540:
9530:
9518:. Retrieved
9498:
9491:
9479:. Retrieved
9475:the original
9465:
9453:. Retrieved
9446:the original
9433:
9421:. Retrieved
9417:the original
9407:
9395:. Retrieved
9386:
9377:
9369:
9344:
9317:
9295:
9276:
9264:. Retrieved
9255:
9246:
9234:. Retrieved
9225:
9216:
9196:
9188:
9176:. Retrieved
9169:the original
9156:
9144:. Retrieved
9130:
9119:, retrieved
9110:
9100:
9088:. Retrieved
9058:. Retrieved
9033:
9021:. Retrieved
9000:
8988:. Retrieved
8949:. Retrieved
8940:
8931:
8919:. Retrieved
8905:
8897:
8893:
8883:10 September
8881:. Retrieved
8861:
8854:
8842:. Retrieved
8835:the original
8826:
8810:
8775:
8765:
8753:. Retrieved
8744:
8735:
8716:
8707:
8694:
8675:
8654:. Retrieved
8650:the original
8645:
8636:
8624:. Retrieved
8615:
8605:
8593:. Retrieved
8573:
8566:
8558:
8542:
8533:
8527:
8515:. Retrieved
8495:
8481:
8472:
8463:
8451:. Retrieved
8418:
8414:
8389:. Retrieved
8385:the original
8380:
8339:
8335:
8331:
8327:
8325:
8318:. Retrieved
8298:
8279:
8273:
8256:
8250:
8199:
8195:
8189:
8180:
8174:
8162:
8139:
8133:
8124:
8118:
8112:
8103:
8075:
8069:
8052:
8048:
8022:. Retrieved
8002:
7995:
7985:28 September
7983:. Retrieved
7963:
7956:
7937:
7899:
7878:. Retrieved
7864:
7852:. Retrieved
7837:
7829:the original
7819:
7808:, retrieved
7801:the original
7788:
7757:. Retrieved
7753:the original
7713:
7709:
7699:
7674:
7670:
7660:
7645:
7633:. Retrieved
7629:
7586:
7582:
7572:
7554:
7537:
7531:
7519:. Retrieved
7510:
7501:
7489:. Retrieved
7469:
7452:
7444:
7432:. Retrieved
7423:
7414:
7402:. Retrieved
7391:
7382:
7365:
7192:Burkina Faso
7178:
7169:
7090:Francophonie
7085:Francophobia
7075:Francization
7031:
7027:in English:
7022:
7020:
7015:
7006:
7004:
7001:Example text
6988:
6983:
6981:
6976:
6972:
6968:
6965:vint et doze
6964:
6959:(during the
6954:
6949:
6941:
6938:Aosta Valley
6929:
6921:
6913:
6905:
6880:
6875:
6867:
6863:
6855:
6847:
6833:
6821:
6764:
6758:
6757:such as the
6752:
6747:
6743:
6738:
6734:
6729:
6725:
6720:
6717:
6713:
6710:
6705:
6701:
6692:
6688:Vulgar Latin
6685:
6678:
6672:
6666:
6658:
6652:
6646:
6640:
6633:
6629:
6623:
6616:
6612:
6606:
6599:
6595:
6589:
6582:
6578:
6572:
6563:
6552:
6546:
6540:
6528:
6522:
6516:
6504:
6498:
6492:
6480:
6474:
6468:
6449:Vulgar Latin
6446:
6423:Balto-Slavic
6413:Afro-Asiatic
6321:
6293:
6288:
6282:
6274:
6272:
6267:
6261:
6255:
6250:
6244:
6238:
6233:
6226:active voice
6223:
6187:tu aimerais
6133:
6130:
6078:
6024:tu aimasses
6021:vous aimiez
5934:
5930:
5888:tu eus aimé
5746:vous aimiez
5711:nous aimons
5629:
5612:passé simple
5595:past perfect
5577:futur simple
5541:passé simple
5514:
5505:Indicative (
5500:Finite moods
5467:
5459:French verbs
5446:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5391:enseignantes
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5364:
5333:the loss of
5328:
5320:prepositions
5257:
5238:
5235:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5193:(you say) /
5190:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5118:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5098:
5090:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5038:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5006:
5002:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4979:
4974:(commune in
4968:Pierre Louÿs
4961:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4917:Aÿ-Champagne
4916:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4891:[ɑ̃]
4883:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4845:[aɛ]
4838:
4836:
4830:
4828:
4818:
4814:
4799:
4796:
4792:
4788:[ɔɛ]
4781:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4670:
4669:and that an
4662:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4612:grave accent
4594:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4582:acute accent
4565:
4561:
4557:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4494:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4451:
4447:
4446:so that the
4442:turned into
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4411:
4407:
4405:
4401:pied-à-terre
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4324:
4318:
4317:> French
4314:
4307:
4303:
4302:> French
4299:
4292:
4266:
4254:grave accent
4250:acute accent
4242:Latin script
4239:
4213:
4209:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4118:pied-à-terre
4117:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4047:
4043:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4019:. The final
4016:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3941:
3935:
3927:, "country".
3920:
3909:
3878:
3874:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3847:
3809:
3805:
3794:
3772:are present.
3703:
3433:
3432:
3181:Postalveolar
3125:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3040:
2969:
2941:Swiss French
2924:Cajun French
2788:
2777:
2775:
2756:
2747:
2724:
2684:
2652:
2613:French India
2610:
2567:
2532:
2519:Saint Martin
2504:
2485:
2424:Rhode Island
2401:
2315:
2306:
2228:
2217:
2213:Antananarivo
2198:
2181:
2064:Aosta Valley
2061:
2050:
2019:
2005:, which are
2003:East Cantons
1996:
1984:
1981:
1951:Francophonie
1902:
1888:
1882:
1862:Grand Siècle
1859:
1848:
1830:
1813:Aosta Valley
1801:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1737:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1698:
1693:
1688:complicated
1679:, alongside
1674:
1669:
1665:
1636:langue d'oïl
1630:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:Petit Robert
1572:
1570:
1552:Vulgar Latin
1548:Romanization
1545:
1531:
1523:
1500:Vulgar Latin
1494:French is a
1493:
1455:
1427:
1419:Antananarivo
1400:
1396:
1392:Aosta Valley
1361:
1355:
1348:27 countries
1341:
1336:
1311:and by the (
1281:Roman Empire
1277:Vulgar Latin
1226:
1225:
1117:passé simple
1055:Anglo-Norman
1022:Francophonie
997:
947:
905:Linguasphere
888:
643:Burkina Faso
611:Saint Martin
540:Aosta Valley
386:27 countries
365:
355:Signed forms
337:Latin script
290:Vulgar Latin
252:
173:Francophonie
102:
88:ISO 639 code
84:}}
78:{{
74:}}
68:{{
64:}}
58:{{
53:
36:
16493:Isle of Man
16428:recognition
16375:Switzerland
16310:Netherlands
16036:Campidanese
15862:Old Catalan
15855:Old Occitan
15592:Old Spanish
15526:Rioplatense
15330:Old Leonese
15158:Cotentinais
15122:Guernésiais
15045:Frenchville
15038:New England
14917:Bourbonnais
14869:Piedmontese
14863:Old Lombard
14755:Bergamasque
14679:Sammarinese
14150:or dialects
14037:Petit nègre
13927:Bourbonnais
13872:Guernésiais
13867:Cotentinais
13746:Frenchville
13708:New England
13639:Seychellois
13496:French Sign
13140:Assiniboine
13029:Bella Coola
12948:Inuinnaqtun
12675:Germanosign
12437:Martiniquan
12203:WikiProject
12018:Immigration
12008:Health care
11870:Agriculture
11822:enforcement
11579:Free France
11548:World War I
11495:Restoration
11482:Late Modern
11352:Middle Ages
11327:Middle Ages
11312:Celtic Gaul
11127:(in French)
11101:Brady Haran
11097:Numberphile
10972:(in French)
10841:Works cited
10768:15 November
10654:22 February
10500:(in French)
10478:(in French)
10456:(in French)
10434:(in French)
10254:18 November
10157:18 November
9684:26 February
9653:18 November
9520:14 November
9455:18 February
9423:22 February
9349:(in French)
9322:(in French)
9300:(in French)
9193:(in French)
8755:24 November
8055:: 201–222.
8024:11 November
7880:21 November
7810:7 September
7716:(1): 4–12.
7511:thelocal.fr
7080:Francophile
7011:in French:
6975:for 80, or
6961:Middle Ages
6799:, 101 from
6791:, 112 from
6744:tiers-lieu
6702:mercatique
6677:from Latin
6657:from Latin
6632:from Latin
6615:from Latin
6601:exstinguere
6598:from Latin
6581:from Latin
6574:rayonnement
6551:from Latin
6527:from Latin
6503:from Latin
6486:fraternalis
6479:from Latin
6201:3rd person
6184:2nd person
6170:j'aimerais
6167:1st person
6114:2nd person
6104:1st person
6044:3rd person
6015:2nd person
6001:j'aie aimé
5986:1st person
5939:Subjonctif
5896:3rd person
5870:tu aimeras
5867:2nd person
5859:j'eus aimé
5838:1st person
5763:3rd person
5749:tu as aimé
5740:vous aimez
5734:2nd person
5705:1st person
5593:), and the
5527:simple past
5439:la dentiste
5435:le dentiste
5387:enseignants
5383:enseignants
5379:enseignante
5346:from Latin
5239:In 1990, a
5201:(of the) /
4933: [
4915:, formerly
4864:[a]
4824:[ɛ]
4313:Old French
4298:Old French
4279:Orthography
4114:set phrases
4068:; some are
3376:Approximant
3098:influential
2691:Francophone
2661:designates
2444:New England
2420:Connecticut
2364:Nova Scotia
2205:Ivory Coast
2034:Biel/Bienne
1860:During the
1780:(algebra),
1768:(alcohol),
1764:(admiral),
1685:case system
1681:Old Occitan
1654:superstrate
1644:langue d'oc
1562:(including
1451:colonialism
1337:Francophone
1183:Aspirated h
1131:Orthography
1101:conjugation
962:instead of
786: [
513:Switzerland
473:Ivory Coast
279:Early forms
157:Switzerland
16545:Categories
16345:San Marino
16305:Montenegro
16285:Luxembourg
16265:Kazakhstan
16168:Azerbaijan
16083:indicates
16041:Logudorese
15574:Philippine
15540:Andalusian
15534:Peninsular
15424:Estremenho
15380:Portuguese
15307:Cantabrian
15140:Law French
15132:Sercquiais
14966:Meridional
14927:Champenois
14922:Burgundian
14733:Tabarchino
14723:Monégasque
14662:Parmigiano
14519:Neapolitan
14492:Manduriano
14459:Florentine
14326:Wallachian
14296:Bukovinian
14025:Old French
13947:Champenois
13932:Burgundian
13896:Sercquiais
13890:Old Norman
13883:Law French
13825:Vietnamese
13785:Meridional
13619:Chagossian
13039:Halkomelem
12852:Athabaskan
12842:Potawatomi
12779:Algonquian
12693:Indo-Aryan
12652:Francosign
12627:Champenois
12599:Limburgish
12589:Brabantian
12498:See also:
12146:Philosophy
12131:Literature
12043:secularism
11839:Parliament
11634:2005 riots
11584:Liberation
11450:Revolution
11317:Roman Gaul
11302:Prehistory
11258:Journalism
11073:Vocabulary
10611:Pei, Mario
10585:Metro News
10285:9 December
9783:17 January
9734:16 October
9620:28 January
9590:17 October
9090:5 February
9060:5 February
9023:5 February
8990:5 February
8794:2014006430
8626:18 October
7630:core.ac.uk
7546:2271059682
7454:Ethnologue
7367:Ethnologue
7342:References
7316:Mozambique
7292:Seychelles
7264:Mauritania
7256:Madagascar
7204:Cape Verde
6957:Old French
6815:, 10 from
6811:, 55 from
6755:dictionary
6726:bloc-notes
6695:Toubon Law
6630:insolation
6596:extinguish
6315:Vocabulary
6307:(VOS) and
6084:Imperatif
5995:j'aimasse
5949:Imparfait
5841:j'aimerai
5743:tu aimais
5720:j'ai aimé
5668:Imparfait
5658:Indicatif
5559:pluperfect
5486:infinitive
5423:enseignant
5417:/la/, and
5395:enseignant
5375:enseignant
5316:word order
5276:adjectives
5262:language.
5075:la cédille
4995:Capharnaüm
4970:(author),
4867:) and the
4643:circumflex
4566:une nympho
4554:Gemination
4548:diphthongs
4544:diacritics
4393:beaux-arts
4260:) and the
4246:circumflex
4176:, such as
4062:les amants
2970:A leading
2914:Lao French
2729:nation of
2649:in Lebanon
2631:See also:
2617:Puducherry
2605:See also:
2554:See also:
2523:Martinique
2511:Guadeloupe
2490:alongside
2470:, such as
2464:Gulf Coast
2209:Libreville
2053:Luxembourg
1985:Under the
1919:department
1899:compulsory
1690:diphthongs
1677:Old French
1627:Old French
1621:Old French
1518:See also:
1504:Old French
1476:, and the
1421:, and the
1415:Libreville
1303:by native
1301:influenced
1150:Circumflex
1106:morphology
668:Mauritania
586:Puducherry
508:Seychelles
483:Madagascar
478:Luxembourg
305:Old French
16483:Gibraltar
16280:Lithuania
16091:varieties
16074:indicate
16031:Sardinian
15988:Triestine
15936:Sursilvan
15847:Mentonasc
15825:Provençal
15774:Auvergnat
15760:Valencian
15716:Mallorcan
15706:Algherese
15681:Occitano-
15628:Navarrese
15616:Aragonese
15552:Castilian
15455:Castilian
15431:Uruguayan
15404:Brazilian
15367:Minderico
15361:/Eonavian
15324:Mirandese
15238:Valdôtain
15224:/Arpitan
15165:Orléanais
15116:Auregnais
15100:Mayennais
15050:Louisiana
14932:Ardennais
14912:Berrichon
14718:Intemelio
14674:Forlivese
14657:Bolognese
14603:Dalmatian
14567:Tarantino
14530:Benevento
14487:Salentino
14447:Sassarese
14411:Gallurese
14394:Romanesco
14347:Dalmatian
14311:Moldavian
14306:Maramureș
14264:Aromanian
14161:varieties
14146:indicate
14128:Valdôtain
14119:/Arpitan
14090:Zarphatic
14031:Orléanais
13917:Berrichon
13856:Auregnais
13731:Cambodian
13713:Québécois
13634:Rodriguan
13624:Mauritian
13591:Grenadian
13586:Dominican
13307:Ukrainian
13242:Cantonese
13107:Kwakʼwala
13006:Tuscarora
12973:Iroquoian
12953:Inuktitut
12925:Tsuutʼina
12875:Chipewyan
12870:Chilcotin
12797:Blackfoot
12792:Algonquin
12488:Guillemet
12467:Wallisian
12381:Provençal
12377:Auvergnat
12003:Education
11957:Transport
11807:Judiciary
11768:Elections
11722:Mountains
11680:Geography
11426:Louis XIV
11216:Overviews
11068:at Verbix
10828:7 January
10798:7 January
10788:ohchr.org
10352:254991244
10306:Bloomberg
10044:France 24
9967:3 October
9848:3 October
9760:France 24
9704:Routledge
9558:fluently.
9549:0362-4331
8802:871965715
8453:7 January
8443:146854174
8435:1614-7308
8226:0097-8507
8204:CiteSeerX
8148:cite book
8142:. Krakow.
7732:2796-0064
7691:0030-9230
7605:2219-8237
7583:Literator
7521:30 August
7268:Mauritius
6982:The term
6840:vigesimal
6748:coworking
6706:marketing
6635:insolatio
6579:radiation
6566:Gallicise
6510:digitalis
6476:fraternel
6467:brother:
6324:loanwords
6300:inversion
6159:Singular
6153:Singular
6096:Singular
6018:tu aimes
5978:Singular
5972:Singular
5966:Singular
5960:Singular
5830:Singular
5824:Singular
5818:Singular
5812:Singular
5755:tu aimas
5737:tu aimes
5714:j'aimais
5697:Singular
5691:Singular
5685:Singular
5679:Singular
5553:imparfait
5508:indicatif
5447:une livre
5266:and most
5260:inflected
5017:(such as
4991:Archélaüs
4721:Diaeresis
4331:graphemes
4269:ligatures
4258:diaeresis
4094:forbidden
4066:vous avez
4054:mandatory
3846:, as in
3819:, dental
3637:unrounded
3514:Close-mid
3469:unrounded
3310:voiceless
3304:Fricative
3241:voiceless
3131:Phonology
3113:In 2011,
3024:Red Cross
2809:Varieties
2708:CFP franc
2509:, namely
2482:Caribbean
2416:Louisiana
1923:Finistère
1911:Occitania
1870:Louis XIV
1556:loanwords
1376:provinces
1164:Phonology
890:Glottolog
858:ISO 639-3
822:ISO 639-2
804:ISO 639-1
792:(Belgium)
673:Mauritius
557:Louisiana
285:Old Latin
16503:Svalbard
16488:Guernsey
16435:Abkhazia
16405:Scotland
16360:Slovenia
16355:Slovakia
16330:Portugal
16188:Bulgaria
15967:Venetian
15941:Vallader
15931:Surmiran
15904:Cadorino
15887:Friulian
15820:Limousin
15789:Béarnese
15751:Western
15733:Northern
15721:Menorcan
15711:Balearic
15702:Eastern
15698:dialects
15557:Castrapo
15514:Peruvian
15485:dialects
15418:European
15386:dialects
15373:Portugis
15354:Galician
15295:Asturian
15233:Savoyard
15185:Poitevin
15153:Cauchois
15127:Jèrriais
14974:Canadian
14853:Varesino
14848:Ticinese
14836:Novarese
14831:Cremunés
14821:Ossolano
14816:Milanese
14804:Lecchese
14772:Brianzöö
14703:Ligurian
14669:Romagnol
14550:Arianese
14545:Irpinian
14540:Cilentan
14504:Pantesco
14499:Sicilian
14470:Southern
14406:Corsican
14382:Macerata
14377:Fabriano
14316:Oltenian
14286:dialects
14246:Southern
14123:Savoyard
14053:Poitevin
13962:Guianese
13877:Jèrriais
13862:Cauchois
13815:Standard
13795:Missouri
13736:Francien
13686:Kinshasa
13459:Ticinese
13237:Mandarin
13092:Ditidaht
13084:Wakashan
13074:Thompson
13069:Squamish
13059:shíshálh
13049:Okanagan
13044:Lillooet
13021:Salishan
12996:Onondaga
12930:Tutchone
12885:Gwichʼin
12581:Germanic
12481:See also
12462:Tahitian
12457:Shimaore
12417:Guianese
12373:Limousin
12332:dialect)
12324:Corsican
12320:dialect)
12193:Category
12126:Language
12038:Religion
11983:Abortion
11937:Taxation
11834:Military
11795:Intersex
11785:Politics
11751:Politics
11553:Interwar
11248:Economic
11243:Language
11228:Timeline
11137:Articles
10941:(2017).
10822:Archived
10792:Archived
10723:Archived
10648:Archived
10613:(1949).
10589:Archived
10531:Archived
10527:BBC News
10506:Archived
10484:Archived
10462:Archived
10440:Archived
10410:Archived
10406:15072817
10356:Archived
10310:Archived
10279:Archived
10248:Archived
10244:BBC News
10194:Archived
10151:Archived
10120:Archived
10077:Archived
10048:Archived
10024:8 August
10018:Archived
9987:Archived
9842:Archived
9822:OIF 2014
9810:OIF 2014
9798:OIF 2014
9777:Archived
9752:Archived
9728:Archived
9678:Archived
9647:Archived
9614:Archived
9584:Archived
9553:Archived
9514:Archived
9481:14 March
9391:Archived
9355:Archived
9328:Archived
9306:Archived
9284:Archived
9260:Archived
9230:Archived
9201:Archived
9140:Archived
9115:archived
9084:Archived
9051:Archived
9017:Archived
8981:Archived
8945:Archived
8941:BBC News
8915:Archived
8877:Archived
8749:Archived
8724:Archived
8620:Archived
8589:Archived
8551:Archived
8517:4 August
8511:Archived
8493:(2008).
8447:Archived
8314:Archived
8196:Language
8018:Archived
7979:Archived
7874:Archived
7848:Archived
7789:Special
7759:23 April
7515:Archived
7491:30 March
7482:Archived
7434:25 March
7428:Archived
7404:19 April
7398:Archived
7232:Djibouti
7220:DR Congo
7200:Cameroon
7038:See also
6979:for 90.
6952:for 80.
6944:huitante
6932:huitante
6908:septante
6830:Numerals
6797:Sanskrit
6739:wingsuit
6680:frigidum
6591:éteindre
6584:radiatio
6558:ocularis
6548:oculaire
6491:finger:
6387:Sanskrit
6365:(15.26%)
6355:(20.65%)
6353:Germanic
6345:(16.83%)
6335:(25.10%)
6228:and the
6145:Présent
6091:Présent
5946:Présent
5726:j'aimai
5665:Présent
5443:un livre
5429:becomes
5409:because
5344:articles
5312:subjects
5268:pronouns
5151:français
4942:Pontoise
4743:): over
4703:hospital
4562:une info
4558:illusion
4540:Digraphs
4484:châteaux
4456:/animos/
4397:les amis
4335:phonemes
4248:accent,
4226:Alphabet
4153:gentille
4078:register
4070:optional
3810:montagne
3652:Open-mid
3551:Open-mid
3171:Alveolar
3077:and the
2765:and the
2647:Rechmaya
2582:Cambodia
2456:Illinois
2452:Missouri
2380:Gatineau
2331:Manitoba
2323:Montreal
2237:Americas
2084:Saarland
2042:Fribourg
2013:—of the
1999:Wallonia
1939:Vergonha
1915:Brittany
1804:Francien
1788:(zero).
1782:alchimie
1740:Crusades
1709:, while
1703:and the
1692:such as
1615:boisseau
1382:and the
1380:Wallonia
1363:de facto
1321:Frankish
1313:Germanic
1297:Francien
1232:français
1140:Alphabet
1087:personal
1083:Pronouns
1012:Dialects
990:a series
988:Part of
968:Help:IPA
911:51-AAA-i
897:stan1290
648:Cambodia
443:Djibouti
408:Cameroon
179:Speakers
126:français
16395:England
16385:Ukraine
16335:Romania
16295:Moldova
16253:Ireland
16248:Iceland
16243:Hungary
16233:Germany
16228:Georgia
16218:Finland
16213:Estonia
16208:Denmark
16193:Croatia
16178:Belgium
16173:Belarus
16163:Austria
16158:Armenia
16153:Andorra
16148:Albania
16072:Italics
15973:Chipilo
15916:Romansh
15879:Romance
15877:Rhaeto-
15842:Gardiol
15794:Landese
15784:Aranese
15769:Occitan
15728:Central
15692:Catalan
15683:Romance
15584:Creoles
15579:Saharan
15567:Murcian
15545:Llanito
15502:Chilean
15479:Spanish
15436:Creoles
15410:Mineiro
15392:African
15317:Riberan
15312:Leonese
15277:Iberian
15270:Romance
15197:Walloon
15170:Paydret
15148:Augeron
15088:Vosgien
15083:Gaumais
15078:Lorrain
15070:Creoles
15033:Muskrat
14979:Acadian
14907:Angevin
14897:Langues
14888:Romance
14794:Comasco
14767:Western
14760:Cremish
14750:Eastern
14745:Lombard
14713:Genoese
14708:Brigasc
14652:Emilian
14630:Western
14609:Istriot
14572:Vastese
14557:Molisan
14419:Italian
14355:Central
14301:Crișana
14256:Eastern
14239:Western
14224:Eastern
14144:Italics
14077:Walloon
14071:Tây Bồi
13985:Lorrain
13912:Angevin
13850:Augeron
13800:Muskrat
13773:Laotian
13751:Haitian
13698:Belgian
13681:Abidjan
13675:African
13658:Acadian
13629:Réunion
13614:Agalega
13455:Lombard
13439:Romansh
13434:Italian
13272:Italian
13252:Spanish
13247:Punjabi
13171:Tlingit
13166:Kutenai
13156:Beothuk
13064:Shuswap
13054:Saanich
13011:Wyandot
12958:Inupiaq
12920:Tahltan
12865:Carrier
12827:Naskapi
12817:Miꞌkmaq
12787:Abenaki
12757:English
12642:Walloon
12632:Lorrain
12619:Romance
12609:Yiddish
12472:Xaracuu
12452:Réunion
12442:Nengone
12432:Kibushi
12422:Futunan
12361:Occitan
12328:Dutch (
12314:Catalan
12184:Outline
12166:Theatre
12161:Symbols
12121:Gardens
12111:Fashion
12103:Cuisine
12070:Culture
12060:Welfare
12033:Poverty
11971:Society
11947:Tourism
11907:Exports
11880:Banking
11858:Economy
11817:history
11712:Islands
11707:Borders
11340:Francia
11294:Ancient
11272:Regions
11223:History
11208:History
11111:7 April
11085:Numbers
11055:Grammar
10876:5 April
10729:19 July
10679:, 1984.
10595:21 July
10537:30 July
10362:30 July
10200:20 June
10126:26 July
9993:13 June
9938:7 April
9911:7 April
9896:STSEE.
9878:7 April
9266:2 March
9178:14 June
9146:13 June
8951:21 July
8921:20 June
8656:11 June
8320:10 June
8242:6797972
8234:4489422
7854:20 June
7635:19 June
7332:Mayotte
7328:Réunion
7322:Algeria
7300:Tunisia
7288:Senegal
7272:Morocco
7216:Comoros
7196:Burundi
7186:(OIF):
6991:virgule
6984:octante
6977:nonante
6973:uitante
6916:nonante
6902:Burundi
6882:Belgian
6836:decimal
6793:Persian
6735:ailière
6730:notepad
6721:banking
6714:fantôme
6711:finance
6674:frigide
6618:nucleus
6613:nucleus
6534:fidelis
6515:faith:
6506:digitus
6500:digital
6435:(0.24%)
6425:(1.31%)
6415:(6.45%)
6399:(2.41%)
6389:(2.67%)
6383:Persian
6375:(3.81%)
6363:Romance
6343:Italian
6333:English
6162:Plural
6156:Plural
6109:aimons
6099:Plural
5989:j'aime
5981:Plural
5975:Plural
5969:Plural
5963:Plural
5833:Plural
5827:Plural
5821:Plural
5815:Plural
5708:j'aime
5700:Plural
5694:Plural
5688:Plural
5682:Plural
5581:), the
5569:), the
5557:), the
5545:), the
5525:), the
5522:présent
5517:present
5248:Grammar
5155:plaçons
5137:, thus
5081:(e.g.,
5071:cedilla
5062:Kärcher
5039:j'argüe
4882:Saint-S
4713:became
4707:hôpital
4705:became
4697:became
4622:(e.g.,
4592:(e.g.,
4572:Accents
4503:. When
4480:château
4478:became
4476:castels
4468:chevaux
4452:animaux
4424:animaus
4412:animals
4321:"foot"
4308:digitus
4262:cedilla
4147:(e.g.,
4137:chienne
4074:dialect
4049:liaison
4039:etc.).
4017:estomac
3936:travail
3833:/t/~/d/
3829:/s/~/z/
3825:/ʃ/~/ʒ/
3821:/s/~/z/
3817:/f/~/v/
3784:/p,t,k/
3777:/b,d,ɡ/
3644:rounded
3476:rounded
3456:Central
3176:Palatal
2789:In the
2784:Natixis
2731:Vanuatu
2687:Lebanon
2659:Lebanon
2655:mandate
2627:Lebanon
2586:Tây Bồi
2574:Vietnam
2348:Ontario
2340:Nunavut
2201:Abidjan
2076:Catalan
2072:Andorra
2030:cantons
2026:Romandy
2022:Romansh
1929:in the
1778:algébre
1599:berceau
1560:calques
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