Herod Agrippa - Knowledge

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rabbis, ed. P.u.f./New Clio, 2012, p. 407; Christian-Georges Schwentzel, Herod the Great, Pygmalion, Paris, 2011, p. 216-217; E. Mary Smallwood, The Jews under Roman Rule, p. 189; Lester L. Grabbe, Judaism from Cyrus to Hadrian, Vol. II, Fortress Press, Minneapolis, 1992, p. 427; Nikkos Kokkinos, in Jack Finegan, Chronos, kairos, Christos: nativity and chronological studies, ed. Jerry Vardaman & Edwin M. Yamauchi, 1989, p. 135. However, to resolve the contradiction between Flavius Josephus who provides indications that place the death of John the Baptist around 35 and the Christian tradition which places it in 29, Christiane Saulnier takes up Étienne Nodet's proposal which supposes that Josephus is mistaken and therefore places this battle before 29. This proposal, however, does not meet with great reception among historians, but meets with some success among denominational authors.

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the defense of the Temple threatened with desecration: for Josephus, it was a discussion during a banquet; for Philo, it was a request addressed to the emperor, the content of which he reports, although in terms that reveal a certain exaggeration of the role of Agrippa. Be that as it may, the approach does not lack courage for the adventurer he has been until then and Philo's text reflects the ideas that were to feature in the request, whatever its form: Agrippa notes there with gratitude all the benefits he has been the object on the part of the emperor but explains that he would gladly exchange them for one thing only: "that the ancestral institutions are not disturbed. For what of my reputation among my countrymen and other men? Either I must be considered a traitor to myself or I must cease to be counted among your friends; there is no other choice…”.

1657:, later arrested, owes his salvation only to the help of "an angel" who comes by night to help him escape from his prison. However, the Acts of the Apostles, also composed in the 80s and 90s from several sources, "have been the subject of devastating criticism for several decades, to the point of being denied by some, in whole or in part, any historical value" due to the "editorial activity" of its three successive authors. Thus, the entire Petrine document (hypothetical document) to which these episodes would have belonged seems to have been placed at the beginning of Acts by its first writer, following this account by the "Gesture of Paul" and it is the next writer—perhaps being the 1263: 633: 976:

of this trip, Agrippa I dispatched his most faithful freedman to Rome, bearing a letter for the emperor, followed soon after by Agrippa himself. He accuses Antipas of fomenting a plot with the Parthians and of having accumulated, without telling the Emperor, stocks of arms in his arsenals in Tiberias, probably with the intention of preparing his revenge against King Aretas IV who had defeated him a few years earlier. While the second accusation is probably true, the first is doubtful. However Caligula falls, banishes and exiles Herod Antipas in the south of

1699:, born in 27/28, was raised at the court of Rome under the protection of Claudius but was not chosen by the latter to succeed his father, "which provoked renewed political agitation in the years that followed". It was not until 49 that the emperor granted him the tetrarchy of Chalcis together with the royal dignity one year after the death of his uncle Herod. Like his father, he also received the administration of the Temple of Jerusalem and the power to designate the high priests previously held by Herod of Chalcis, with the title of 1337: 1129: 499: 830:"provides auxiliaries" to the Nabataean king, Aretas IV, to wage war against Herod (Antipas). However, the historicity of this mention is disputed by Jean-Pierre Mahé. It is possible that Aretas took advantage of Antipas' participation in the great conference on the Euphrates, to conceal peace and the Roman victory over Artabanus III (autumn 36), to launch his offensive. The territorial claim of the Nabataeans was revived by Antipas' will to repudiate Phasaélis, the daughter of the king of 771: 1617: 692:, his first account, published between 75–79, Josephus was more direct. It was "to accuse the tetrarch" Herod Antipas, that Agrippa decided to go "to Tiberius", in order to try to take his domain and it was because Agrippa had been ousted from his pretensions to obtain the tetrarchy of Antipas that he would have started plotting against the emperor. Like other information about Agrippa, these are not found in the Judaic texts, whereas Josephus expands much on the subject. 1116:

Josephus seems to attest. But the emperor seemed to reconsider his decision and it was the murder of Caligula that seemed to put a definitive end to the enterprise and put an end to the desire for a popular uprising. Flavius Josephus still recounts how the emperor, suspecting Petronius of having been bribed to break his orders, ordered him to commit suicide, but this letter arrived after the announcement of Caligula's death, in which Josephus saw an effect of Providence.

929: 1787:), to marry her. Polemon accepts because Berenice has the status of queen and especially according to Flavius Josephus, because she was very rich. On both sides, it was only an alliance to increase their power. Polemon however made a major concession, he converted to Judaism and had himself circumcised. But very quickly, she abandons him to return with her brother, "out of levity, they say" specifies Flavius Josephus. She finally becomes the famous mistress of 1175: 36: 1104: 1534:, it would be an angel, come at the time of the declarations of the people who therefore compared him to a God, who would have struck him, then had him devoured by worms (Acts 12:20–23). Two days later, he was seized with violent abdominal pains and died after five days of agony, at the age of fifty-three years. According to Josephus, before he died he scolded his friends for flattering him, and accepted his imminent death in a state of 1555: 1728: 2647:"to explain himself to the emperor". Like for Jesus, the surnamed Karabas is given a chlamys or a mat as a royal garment, an improvised crown on his head and a reed is given to him as a scepter, then those who impose this masquerade on him derisively pretend to consider him like a king. Moreover, the title which is given to the surnamed Karabbas by these Greek inhabitants of Alexandria is singularly an 600:) of the city, which provided him with a regular income. However, this situation was short-lived. Agrippa accepted at first, but he soon gave the impression of not being satisfied with what was given to him. He quickly found this burden boring in a small provincial town devoid of the amenities of the Roman civilization that saw him grow up. He quarreled with his uncle Antipas during a banquet in 533:, the young son of Tiberius, to whom he was particularly attached, and Tiberius' nephew Claudius, who was the same age as Agrippa. He thus lived all his youth in the capital of the empire and personally knew almost all the members of the imperial family. At that time, Agrippa's future appeared to be secured by his privileged relationship with Claudius (the heir apparent of Tiberius) and Drusus. 1002: 541:. But Agrippa's future darkened with the death of Drusus in 23, isolating him and leaving him helpless in the face of his creditors, especially since his mother Berenice probably died at the same time. After the death of his son, the distraught Tiberius reacted by removing Agrippa and Claudius from his court. Agrippa squandered the rest of his fortune trying to win the favor of the 5362: 851:

Abbas, whose popularity was reported in the synoptic gospels. However, for some historians, the two Jesuses are one, the evangelists using a literary device to describe two faces of Jesus, while exempting the Romans from their responsibility in this execution, so that the Gospels cannot be suspected of containing the slightest criticism of the authorities in power.

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the inhabitants of Galilee were close to the general revolt, as well as the Jews of Judea, the peasants risking setting fire to the crops just before harvesting, while preparing for war. The emperor's first response was fairly moderate, but some sources report a “furious” response from Caligula to Petronius, not considering any compromise.

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conflict that agitated the city from 38 to 41. The Roman governor of Alexandria, Flaccus, seems to let the popular agitation unfold, hostile to Agrippa, whom he is jealous of, protected by an emperor into whose graces Flaccus does not manage to enter, whose confidence he senses is losing and who moreover had him executed shortly after.

1538:. The precise causes of his death are unknown, but from that time on rumors of poisoning circulated. Several researchers believe that the poisoning by the Romans worried about his excessive political ambitions is likely, even that it was a personal initiative of Marsus to attenuate the hostility of the neighboring Syrian populations. 839:. This execution seems to have had important repercussions on the political situation in the region for several years. Thus the defeat of Antipas is considered within the Jewish population as a divine revenge against Antipas to punish him for having put John to death and of which Aretas IV would have been only the instrument. 1353:. He also undertook the major project of raising the ramparts of his historic capital and extending it to the new northern district thanks to funding from the Temple treasury, which gave some of his Jewish subjects hope for the restoration of an independent kingdom. or at least a rediscovered form of sovereignty. 3175:"Agrippa, fils de cet Aristobule que son père Hérode avait mis à mort, se rendit auprès de Tibère pour accuser le tétrarque Hérode (Antipas). L'empereur n'ayant pas accueilli l'accusation, Agrippa resta à Rome pour faire sa cour aux gens considérables et tout particulièrement à Gaius, fils de Germanicus" ; 1661:—which would have been inserted between the two "Gestures" of Peter and Paul, the account of the death of Agrippa which gives the impression that all that precedes is dated before 44 and all that follows is later, adding a coming of Paul to Jerusalem which does not appear anywhere in Paul's accounts in his 1166:

by the praetorians - of whom he pointed out that 'they surround the meeting" — and expected nothing but their enthusiastic support. The senators proclaimed Claudius emperor, and Agrippa recommended that Claudius be lenient vis-à-vis the conspirators, except for the regicides Cassius Chaerea and Lupus.

4323:, Bible d'étude Semeur (édition 2018, 26450 Charols, Excelis, septembre 2017, 2300 p. (ISBN 978-2-7550-0329-1), "Au même instant, un ange du Seigneur vint le frapper parce qu'il n'avait pas rendu à Dieu l'honneur qui lui est dû. Rongé par les vers, il expira." Actes des Apôtres 12 verset 23, page 1794 1282:

Agrippa and his brother Herod of Chalcis also play the role of intercessors in favor of the Jews with the emperor. Their skills are not only recognized but also extended to all the Jewish communities of the Empire by the will of Claudius himself. They also have the status of censors of Jewish morals:

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During these events, Agrippa was in Rome and it is possible that he learned of the affair from Caligula himself, which plunged him into a conflict between his two identities, Jewish and Roman. But, after a few days of reflection, he took the side and took the risk of helping his Jewish compatriots in

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The return of Agrippa I crowned with a royal title excites the jealousy of his sister Herodias who urges her husband Antipas to claim for himself the title of king in Rome. In 39, Antipas then resolves to go and meet Caligula to try to obtain this imperial favor, which precipitated his loss. Informed

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as an adult and Michael Clements as a child. He is depicted as one of Claudius's closest lifelong friends. Herod acts as Claudius's last and most trustworthy friend and advisor, giving him the key advice to trust no one, not even him. This advice proves prophetic at the end of Herod's life, where he

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Agrippa died unexpectedly in the year 44, after only three years of reign over Judea, during the Games of Caesarea in honor of the emperor. Patronizing the games, he appeared there in dazzling silver finery in front of the crowd who acclaimed him and compared him to a god, a blasphemous remark for a

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where the senators met in conclave and acted as intermediaries between them and Claudius. He inspired Claudius with a response to the latter, "in conformity with the dignity of his power" and he persuaded them to wisely abandon their idea of a republic, arguing that a new emperor has been proclaimed

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brother of Agrippa - in the absence of the latter who was in Rome - in the presence and under the pressure of the crowd. Convinced of the imminence of a major revolt, Petronius tempered with the emperor by an exchange of letters exposing – at the risk of his life – the difficulties of the situation:

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This account of the death of Agrippa, probably inserted by the second redactor of the Acts of the Apostles diverges from that of Flavius Josephus, but otherwise agrees with him on the divine origin of his mortal illness, occasioned by his impious refusal to reject the deification of which he is the

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Apart from the recognition he must feel towards him, Claudius probably also saw in the appointment of Agrippa, heir to the Herodians and the Hasmoneans but also attached to the Julio-Claudians by personal relations, a factor of stability which could rid the imperial administration of the management

707:, and managed to contract a loan of one million drachmas from a Samaritan freedman of the emperor to carry out his project with the rising star of Rome. Although we do not know precisely under what conditions the friendship between the two men was forged, it must have been worth such an investment. 458:

Herod the Great, a ruler perceived as a ruthless usurper by his subjects, was a devoted supporter of the Roman Empire and promoted its cause throughout his kingdom. His reign was characterized by violence and numerous family intrigues as he had ten wives. In 29 BC, Herod executed his wife Mariamne,

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The reign of Agrippa I thus did not last long enough to be able to significantly outline its political orientation. Nevertheless, the hopes of regained sovereignty aroused among the Jews of Judea by his accession did not disappear with his death and were probably part of the causes that led to the

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His short administration was thus placed under the domination of Rome, of which he was an instrument of control, and the marks of honor given as sovereign by the Jews to the Temple testify to the "generalized clientelism in which personal friendships administrative relations throughout the Empire.

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rank and authorized him "to appear in the senate and express his gratitude in Greek". Finally, to mark the considerable status of the sovereign, a treaty was ratified with the Senate and the people of Rome on the Forum, which took up the old treaties of friendship and Judeo-Roman alliance. Agrippa

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would marry the son Marcus Alexander a few years later. There was then an anti-Jewish atmosphere in the city that had lasted for some time. During festivities, the new king was the target of a popular anti-Jewish masquerade featuring an idiot nicknamed Karabas, foreshadowing the Jewish-Alexandrian

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and head of the Jewish community of Alexandria. This senior official, belonging to a Jewish family of Roman citizens, was a large landowner and, like Agrippa, a friend of the future Emperor Claudius. Lysimachus refused to lend the money directly to Agrippa, whose reputation for profligacy was well

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Vibius Marsus, the governor of Syria who succeeded Petronius, was much less favorable to him. He sent a series of letters to Claudius to express his fears of Agrippa's rising power, reflecting the jealousy of the prince's Roman compatriots in the region. For his part, Agrippa repeatedly asked the

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was one of the five high points of the troubles that Judea experienced between the death of Herod the Great and the outbreak of the Great Jewish Revolt, punctuated by no less than six major incidents, to which must be added the execution of Jesus of Nazareth and possibly the sedition of Jesus Bar

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and Livias. He was a prince close to the Romans, on whose side he sided during the Great Jewish Revolt of the years 66-70, he subsequently obtained various territories which concerned the history of Syria more than that of Palestine. Its territories are attached to the Roman province of Syria in

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At first, Caligula seemed to give in to his friend's pleas and instructed Petronius to suspend his action towards Jerusalem, while warning the Jewish populations not to take any action against the shrines, statues and altars erected in his honor, as a reproduction of Caligula's letter by Flavius

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immediately ordered the magistrates of Dora to remove the statue, referring to the edict of Claudius. However, this openness must be put into perspective, which is also reflected in the measures to limit worship against the Jews of Rome, as Dion Cassius reports (History, 60, 6, 6–7), perhaps in

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Aretas to marry Herodias, the sister of Agrippa I. Antipas' goal was only dynastic. It is a question of consolidating his position to be named by the emperor at the head of the tetrarchy of Philip who has just died or to be named king. At some point in this conflict, probably between 29 and 35.

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There is almost unanimity among historians specializing in the period and the region in following the chronological indications provided by Flavius Josephus and situating this battle in 36; see Simon Claude Mimouni, Ancient Judaism from the 6th century BC to the 3rd century AD: From priests to

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troops withdrew from the former tetrarchy of Philip, which constitutes the bulk of the territories attributed to Agrippa. An agreement finally had to be reached between Aretas and the Romans represented on the spot by the legate of Syria. According to Nikos Kokkinos, Lindner showed that it was

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The death of Agrippa was celebrated by the pagan populations of the kingdom, in particular in Caesarea and Sebaste, which the sovereign had nevertheless largely favored. The hostility of the Syrian population was also evident in attacks by Syrian auxiliaries on statues of the king's daughters

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A flattery from Agrippa to Caligula however caused him trouble: wishing in a conversation that the death of Tiberius would not be delayed any longer so that the young prince could succeed him, this remark was reported to Tiberius who orders the arrest of Agrippa. Agrippa enjoyed a comfortable

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as well as several senators. The conspirators intended to return to a republic. Yet it was Claudius, Caligula's uncle, who was pushed to imperial power by the anti-republicans under curious conditions at the center of which Agrippa gravitated. Claudius was certainly erudite, but nevertheless

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Half a century after Agrippa's sudden death, Flavius Josephus evokes the sovereign in these terms: "Agrippa's character was gentle and his benevolence was equal for all. He was full of humanity for people of foreign races and also showed them his liberality, but he was also helpful for his

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Carrying a dual Jewish and Roman identity, he played the role of intercessor on behalf of the Jews with the Roman authorities and, on the domestic level, gave hope to some of his Jewish subjects of the restoration of an independent kingdom. Pursuing the Herodian policy of

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In 5 BC, two years after the condemnation of his father Aristobulus IV, the young Agrippa was sent by Herod the Great to the imperial court of Rome in the company of his mother Berenice as well as his brothers and sisters. He was supported there by his mother's friend,

1375:, which recounts a finely orchestrated ceremony where the king was acclaimed and obtained the legitimacy of the priests in the Temple of Jerusalem while his grandfather Herod had never been admitted to the third court of the Temple. However, through his grandmother, 1077:

in the holiest place of this religion. Petronius disposes necessary armed troops—two Roman legions and auxiliaries—which he barracks at Ptolemais, in Phoenicia, in the event of an uprising and his mission was to accompany the procession of the statue—being made in

2663:. The current language in Judea at the time being Syriac, it is this same word of “Maran” which was to be pronounced by the disciples of Jesus to give him the title of Lord. Finally, this masquerade was intended to make fun of Agrippa I, the new Jewish king whom 751:. Caligula also conferred on him the praetorian ornaments, a dignity which allows certain non-senators to sit among them during public celebrations. "This completely exceptional reversal of the situation seems to have greatly impressed Agrippa's contemporaries." 1724:

92/94. A large part of the critics believe that he died at this time, but other critics are based on the indication of Photios of Constantinople who in the ninth century placed this death in the third year of Trajan (100). He has no children or close heirs.

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deputy, who handed it to the High Priest, who handed it to the king. The king stood and received it, and then read sitting. King Agrippa stood and received it and read standing, and the sages praised him for doing so. When Agrippa reached the commandment of

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Agrippa clearly inherited his grandfather's splendor and his desire for recognition beyond his borders. Internally, he tried to satisfy both his Jewish and pagan subjects and was divided between his religious capital, Jerusalem, and his "little Rome",

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The legate of Syria interrupted, on the orders of Claudius alerted, the fortification of Jerusalem and tempered the regional diplomatic ambitions of the latter. Indeed, Agrippa invited to Tiberias the kings Herod of Chalcis—his brother—the king of

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of the city. For all those who stood up against Caligula's plan to erect his statue in the Temple of Jerusalem, it was a real provocation. Agrippa intervenes immediately and asks for the application of the decree of Claudius. He acts here as an

1681:(44–46) and in the Gesture of Peter which constitutes the first part of the Acts, the murder of James the Great, then the arrest-escape of Peter are later of five chapters to this speech and precedes the account of the death of Agrippa (44). 675:

helped Agrippa to get out of this new embarrassment by advancing him the totality of the sum due—three hundred thousand drachmas—and Agrippa regained imperial favour. All these details are found in the second work of Flavius Josephus, the

652:, Herennius Capiton, for the debts contracted vis-à-vis the treasury of the Empire. The latter sent him the troop but, taking advantage of the night, Agrippa embarked and managed to reach Alexandria where he obtained new funding from the 1226:

These new charges decide Agrippa to consider that his place was henceforth on his territories and he embarks soon after for Judea. It was the same year that Berenice, daughter of Agrippa, united under the patronage of the emperor to

451:. Herod the Great was therefore both the paternal grandfather and the maternal great-uncle of Agrippa. His parents marked the Roman status of this Jewish prince by giving him the name of a close collaborator of the Emperor Augustus, 1633:

gave Agrippa a positive legacy and related that he was known in his time as "Agrippa the Great". In the rabbinical sources, Agrippa is presented as a pious man and his reign is described in a very positive way. Conversely, the

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If these stories are to be believed, this episode made the new Emperor obligated by his childhood friend and this devotion earned him a sizeable reward: Agrippa saw his possessions increased by most of the ancient kingdom of

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argued the possibility of a conspiracy. Although it is unlikely that Agrippa considered breaking with his close Roman protectors and familiars, the kings were enjoined to return to their respective kingdoms without delay.

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As young men, Agrippa and his friends Claudius and Drusus had a reputation for immorality and excess. Agrippa went into debt as a result of this sumptuous life, and received significant financial assistance from his uncle

1368:, without forgetting however the cities of Phoenicia and Syria. He also offered shows and games, notably with gladiators, even if this contravened Jewish prescriptions, which he got accepted by using condemned criminals. 945:

Caligula who transferred Damascus to Nabathean control. For him, since Caligula succeeded Tiberius who died on March 16, 37, the negotiations with Aretas could not have been completed before the summer of the same year.

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to the palace in search of Claudius, who had hidden there for fear of being assassinated. It was also at his instigation that the praetorians proclaimed Claudius emperor because without a sovereign, the guard lost its

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The unions of Agrippa's daughters are part of a matrimonial strategy consisting in allying with the most fortunate party possible which is not exempt from competition between the sisters. The first of the daughters,

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Following the clashes between Jews and Greeks in Alexandria, for confused reasons the delegation led by Philo of Alexandria to Caligula learned "with horror" of the Emperor's project to erect his own statue in the

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The accession to the throne of his friend began Agrippa's fortune. Caligula offered Agrippa a gold chain "of the same weight as the chain of his captivity". He granted him, in addition to the title of king and the

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This temporary success of Agrippa testifies to the close relations which bound him with the most important personalities of the Roman world, which was confirmed during the succession of the assassinated emperor.

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excessively shy, afflicted with a physical handicap and without particular ambition. The omnipresent support of his childhood friend, as well as his maneuvers, seem to have been decisive in his ascent to power.

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through major works in several Greek cities of the Near East, he nevertheless alienated some of his Greek and Syrian subjects while his regional ambitions earned him the opposition of the imperial legate of the

1703:(administrator) 113. In 53/54, he returned this territory in exchange for most of the ex-tetrarchy of Philip, to which were added the tetrarchies of Lysanias and Varus. Later (in 54–56 or 61), he receives from 1601:. This decision, along with the unruly conduct of the Syrian auxiliaries, generated renewed unrest in Caesarea and elsewhere. The appointment of the priests and the control of the Temple of Jerusalem passed to 459:

Agrippa's grandmother, out of jealousy. The following year, he executed Agrippa's mother Berenice. In 7 BC, when Agrippa was just three or four years old, Herod had Agrippa's father Aristobulus IV and uncle

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These troubles led the two parties—Jews and Alexandrian Greeks—to each send three delegates to the emperor to settle the deeper conflict between the two communities. Philo was one of the Jewish delegation.

5037: 908:, who was too closely linked to Pilate, and restored to the priests of the temple the supervision of the ceremonies of the great Jewish worship festivals. When the death of Tiberius was announced at 1608:

For the Jews, these events marked the end of hopes for even a symbolic Jewish independence, and it was then that intransigent factious movements with messianic and anti-Roman connotations appeared.

2770:'s reign are the subject of debate, as he used several eras — two or three —on his coins and inscriptions. This question, which has been debated for several decades, is still unresolved. 862:, the most convinced of whom "took up arms". The gathering had a messianic connotation whose leader—whom Flavius Josephus avoids naming—sought to appear as the eschatological prophet similar to 1526:

Jew against which the king did not then protest. Some of his contemporaries read as a divine punishment for this blasphemy the cause of his death which occurred shortly after: According to the

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that "you may not put a foreigner over you" as king, his eyes ran with tears, but they said to him, "Don't fear, Agrippa, you are our brother, you are our brother!" The king would read from

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has just named, passing through Alexandria on his way to his territories, while Jesus was condemned for having proclaimed himself "King of the Jews" or for having been so by his followers.

762:, and had just arrived in Rome. Agrippa showed no eagerness to take charge of the affairs of his kingdom, and it was only in the summer of 38 that he went to Batanea for a short stay. 2492:

and raising a rebellion against Rome, to Claudius's dismay. However, he is struck down by a possibly supernatural illness and sends a final letter to Claudius asking for forgiveness.

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Again, in The Jewish War, Josephus gives a different version. “Agrippa had followed” Antipas to Rome “to accuse him” and thus obtained his dismissal. What he fails to relate in the

1817:, born around 38, was first promised to Gaius Epiphanes, son of Antiochus IV of Commagene, but the prince refused to be circumcised for the occasion. Drusilla was then united with 1693:

From his union with Cypros, Agrippa has four children reaching adulthood, a son Agrippa, and three daughters, Berenice, Mariamne and Drusilla. Another son, Drusus, died in infancy

2512: 1832:, around 50 who, according to Flavius Josephus, would have taken her away from her husband. The couple had a son called Agrippa (probably Marcus Antonius Agrippa) died in 1669:. Indeed, in addition to these editorial elements, the chronological inconsistencies of the Acts have been well known for more than a century, in particular the speech of 2745:

in the 9th century, it is written: "these miseries were less painful for the Romans than the expectation of an increase in cruelty and intemperance on the part of Caius (

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in gold under the guise of Zeus. According to Josephus, it is possible that the emperor was sensitive to the arguments of the delegation of Greeks from Alexandria led by

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in a border dispute brought before his legate friend. Agrippa then decided to attempt a return to Rome where Tiberius might agree to receive his son's old friends again.

43: 703:, grandson of the protector of Agrippa, Antonia. The latter undertook to win the favors and friendship of Caius, imitated in this by another prince without a kingdom, 1275:

An edict by Claudius recalls the privileges granted to Alexandrian Jews who can live according to their laws and whom nothing can rule out from the observance of the

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and to place himself above the politics of mortals in his lifetime and has the idea of imposing his divine status on the empire, whatever the political consequences.

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Agrippa thus descends from both the Hasmonean and Herodian dynasties, but his father's death sentence for treason seems to set him aside from a logic of succession.

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Agrippa used his prerogative to appoint the high priests of the Temple three times during his short reign, choosing alternately from the priestly dynasties of the

1379:, Agrippa belonged to a priestly family, which Herod did not. He was thus the first Herodo-Hasmonean to participate in a Temple office since the dismissal of the 549:. The following period saw him experience various adventures and scandals linked to the need to ensure his lifestyle without enjoying the corresponding income. 952: 932:

Tetrarchy of Philip main part of the kingdom given to Agrippa (the kingdom of Lysanias called Abilene was located further north in the Roman province of Syria)

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after his execution, for he was one of his thirty disciples. Pilate crucified their leaders and the most prominent personalities that he managed to capture.

671:, received Agrippa and gave his son's former companion a warm welcome, which was soon tempered by a letter from the governor of Yabne about his debts. But 1767:, who was appointed procurator of Judea in 46 by Claudius. This first husband died shortly afterwards and Berenice was then united to her paternal uncle 5856: 900:

at the end of a ten-year term "so that he explains to the emperor what the Jews are accusing him of. On the following Passover, he came in person to

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immediately after the conclusion of the seventh year in the cycle, they erected a wooden dais in the Temple court, upon which the king sat. The

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On a religious level, as soon as he arrived, Agrippa forged the reputation of a very pious man whom he knew how to maintain, as attested by the

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by financing the construction of prestigious works (theatre, amphitheater and baths) in liberalities which mainly benefited the Roman colony of

6952: 5988: 5559: 2701:, it was during this agitation that the term “Christian” appeared, coined by the Romans to designate similar protesting Messianic Jews to the 1673:, delivered seven chapters before the account of the death of Agrippa to defend the apostles during a previous arrest, speaks of the death of 889:

At the end of that same year, Vitellius used the complaints of the Council of Samaritans about this last incident as a pretext to dismiss the

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Ross S. Kraemer, "Typical and atypical Jewish family dynamics: The lives of Berenice and Babatha:, in David L. Balch et Carolyn A. Osiek,

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and was honored in Rome with the title of praetor. He would marry his niece, Bérénice, after the premature death of her young husband.

3783:

Monika Bernett, « Roman Imperial Cult in the Galilee », in Jürgen Zangenberg, Harold W. Attridge et Dale B. Martin (dirs.),

1279:, soon followed by a second edict which extends the Alexandrian privileges to the Jews of the diaspora throughout the whole empire. 5912: 584:, who encouraged Antipas to continue to help Agrippa. Antipas provided him with money, offered to settle Agrippa and his family in 6912: 5796: 463:

executed following more palace intrigues. These events also led to the executions of Antipater, a son Herod had with Doris, and

5149:, Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield, coll. « Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha Supplement Series », 1998 1744: 155: 151: 147: 4836:

Ciecieląg Jerzy, Polityczne dziedzictwo Heroda Wielkiego. Palestyna w epoce rzymsko-herodiańskiej, Kraków 2002, s. 75–77, 140.

1802:

who lived with her mother in Alexandria, Egypt after her parents' divorce. Mariamne left her husband and married Demetrius of

5295: 5097: 2517: 2594:

in these stories. This proximity is both phonetic and graphic. Especially since in ancient Christian texts the nicknames or

940:, probably assisted by Marullus, the new prefect of Judea. Flavius Josephus does not recount the conditions under which the 664:

established. It was with this capital of two hundred thousand drachmas that Agrippa embarked for Italy in the spring of 36.

6957: 6605: 6593: 2349: 2342: 2335: 1795: 1735: 1026:

who, in the conflict between the two parties, complained of the "privileges" granted to the Jews. For the Jewish historian

964: 1598: 916:, considering that he could no longer wage war without orders from the new emperor. He "makes the people swear loyalty to 754:

According to Flavius Josephus, at the very moment when he placed the royal diadem on the head of Agrippa I, Caligula sent

1446:). The king would recite the same blessings as the High Priest, except that the king would substitute a blessing for the 1037:

Caligula's initiative horrifies the Jewish subjects of the Empire and causes unrest in the diaspora in Rome, but also in

471:

and its supporters, almost wiping them out entirely. However, he spared the children of Aristobulus, including Agrippa,

5597: 5552: 5122: 5051: 5902: 5318: 5272: 5249: 5219: 5176: 5162: 5074: 1771:, with whom she had two sons, Berenician and Hyrcan. After the death of Herod of Chalcis and the insistent rumors of 1645:

A significant number of critics follow the Christian tradition to identify Agrippa with "Herod the king" who, in the

1570: 1498: 1220: 529:, who was the friend of his grandmother. Agrippa grew up in Rome with the children of the imperial family, including 467:, Agrippa's maternal grandfather, three years later. Herod was responsible for the deaths of numerous members of the 3163:, Les Belles Lettres, 1975, 3 Tomes., rééd. 2003. Traduction Pierre Savinel, Éditions de Minuit, 1977, en un volume. 5922: 5892: 5876: 5043: 1814: 912:

37, Vitellius, very reluctant to support Antipas with his troops, interrupted the march of his two legions against

126: 948:

On the way to his new kingdom, Agrippa passed through Alexandria around July 38 where he probably lodged with the

6967: 6856: 5917: 5897: 2436: 1799: 1107:

Coin minted under Agrippa I. Profile of Caligula on the left, Germanicus on his triumphal chariot, on the right.

6942: 6621: 5706: 5642: 5154: 2979: 936:

Agrippa returned to his territories in the summer of 38, after the situation had been clarified on the spot by

558: 1152:, Agrippa indeed played a significant role in the choice of the new emperor. It was he who led a squad of the 6075: 6057: 5568: 5545: 2065: 424: 386: 205: 1328:, to be read a contrario as a criticism of the Judeophobic policy of Claudius (Legation to Caius 155–158)". 806:

about the control of the kingdom of Armenia. In 36, the armies of two kings who were clients of the Romans,

263:. He was acquaintance or friend of Roman emperors and even played crucial roles in internal Roman politics. 6753: 5085: 5062: 5039:

Le judaïsme ancien du VIe siècle avant notre ère au IIIe siècle de notre ère : des prêtres aux rabbins

3404: 2799: 2644: 1589:—an inexperienced young man who grew up at the imperial court, protected by the emperor—Claudius made it a 937: 799: 759: 1090:

where the troubles continued for about forty days. Petronius goes there and meets the notables as well as

6743: 6332: 6237: 6212: 5816: 5688: 2639:, the brother of Jesus. Furthermore, this event takes place in August 38, less than 18 months after 874:. Certain Church fathers, as well as the Mandaean tradition and in particular one of their writings, the 755: 61: 1798:, married Julius Archelaus son of an officer of the court of Agrippa named Chelkias They had a daughter 1501:—father-in-law of his brother Aristobulus—as well as three princes who had been his companions in Rome, 1086:. The population rushed in numbers to Ptolemais, supported by the Jewish religious authorities, then to 6808: 6803: 6033: 5260: 5133: 2710: 2698: 1605:, who also became the foremost intermediary between the Jews and the Romans until his own death in 48. 1543: 1321: 1242:

Claudius' accession to the throne also marked the restoration of several other kingdoms in Asia Minor.

1207:

so that the sovereign now reigned over a territory as vast as that of his grandfather Herod the Great.

1027: 282:. He suffered a period of disgrace following the death of Drusus which forced him to return to live in 6977: 6917: 6881: 6663: 6339: 6232: 6115: 5963: 4922: 2750: 1776: 1502: 1451: 960: 704: 1219:—as his grandfather had been in 40 BC.—and the text is preserved on bronze tablets in the temple of 6813: 6728: 6545: 6242: 6171: 6038: 5998: 1316:

reaction to the agitation resulting from the rapid development of the movement of the followers of

1262: 803: 609: 452: 632: 6972: 6927: 6871: 6599: 6418: 6394: 6277: 6227: 6197: 6070: 5953: 5831: 5826: 5377: 4991: 4981: 4940: 4874: 4576: 4572: 4431: 4413: 3915: 2677: 2479: 1748: 1383: 1228: 711:

captivity and was released by Caligula shortly after the death of Tiberius on March 16, 37, when

678: 546: 460: 5342: 5334:

The Jews Under Roman Rule : From Pompey to Diocletian : A Study in Political Relations

1466: 1136:

On January 24, 41, Caligula was assassinated by a large-scale conspiracy, notably involving the

980:

where his wife freely accompanies him. As for Agrippa, he receives the territories of Antipas —

6962: 6907: 6876: 6668: 6082: 5731: 5647: 4332: 3197: 2967:

Chronicle of the Old Testament Kings: the Reign-By-Reign Record of the Rulers of Ancient Israel

2616: 2484: 1886: 1826: 1752: 1639: 1236: 1204: 1050: 795: 656: 542: 432: 283: 5283: 2971: 2783: 6932: 6833: 6678: 6374: 6282: 5861: 5776: 5766: 5711: 5675: 5587: 2965: 2749:), especially because it was learned that he was intimately connected with kings Agrippa and 1410: 913: 879: 807: 779: 612:

was the legate. Shortly after, he was disgraced following an intervention by his own brother

4346: 6658: 6399: 6379: 6207: 6189: 6163: 5948: 5805: 5108: 5090:

Juifs et nabatéens : Les monarchies ethniques du Proche-Orient hellénistique et romain

5033: 5019: 4953:

G. Boccaccini, Portraits of Middle Judaism in Scholarship and Arts (Turin: Zamorani, 1992).

4917: 4892: 2771: 2624: 2457: 1665:. It is therefore possible that "Herod the king" does not designate Agrippa I, but his son 1646: 1527: 1510: 843: 641: 530: 275: 8: 6851: 6773: 6733: 6653: 6534: 6327: 6307: 6181: 6133: 6104: 5746: 5726: 5627: 5440: 5112: 2632: 2541:

Agrippa II was not king of Judea but ruler of other territories in Eastern Mediterranean.

1875: 1658: 1518: 1070: 1019: 444: 375: 319: 723:

which was its sign, the territories of Philip, who had died shortly before, tetrarch of

699:, then a teenager and one of the two designated heirs of Tiberius with his grand-nephew 6937: 6843: 6828: 6738: 6723: 6384: 6354: 6257: 6153: 6138: 6065: 5851: 5846: 5736: 5368: 5187: 4807: 1764: 758:

as "hipparch (ἱππάρχης) of Judea" to replace Pontius Pilate, who had been dismissed by

80: 616:, who denounced him to Flaccus for having received a bribe to defend the interests of 6312: 6028: 5943: 5811: 5329: 5314: 5291: 5268: 5245: 5215: 5172: 5150: 5118: 5093: 5070: 5047: 2975: 2608: 2569: 2561: 2213: 1879: 1514: 1380: 1350: 1091: 1062: 985: 819: 696: 613: 476: 468: 408: 287: 138: 116: 1336: 6886: 6688: 6683: 6586: 6485: 6473: 6369: 6302: 6297: 6287: 6262: 6148: 6128: 6099: 5958: 5716: 5698: 5592: 5463: 5405: 5306: 2767: 2612: 2573: 2507: 2502: 2328: 2192: 1955: 1768: 1696: 1666: 1662: 1602: 1586: 1566: 1562: 1317: 1243: 1153: 1137: 920:". and once again dismisses the high priest whom he had appointed 50 days earlier. 883: 871: 867: 836: 787: 566: 472: 260: 256: 248: 185: 143: 20: 3785:

Religion, Ethnicity, and Identity in Ancient Galilee : A Region in Transition

3396: 2690: 2460:(mus.) and Claudio Nicola Stampa (libr.), first performed at the Teatro Ducale of 1397:

that the king read the Torah to the people. At the conclusion of the first day of

798:

which create a very tense situation. Since 35, the Romans and the legate of Syria

573:, where they led a modest existence, far from the splendor of the imperial court. 498: 361:– thus ruling over a territory as vast as the ancient kingdom of Herod the Great. 349:

to the head of the empire in 41 and he was endowed with the former territories of

6626: 6515: 6508: 6292: 6094: 6043: 5841: 5836: 5781: 5741: 5515: 5230: 5200: 4343: 3625: 2742: 2652: 2178: 1951: 1650: 1447: 1361: 1290:

A few months after the murder of Caligula, inhabitants of the Phoenician city of

1284: 1246:, Agrippa's brother also received a royal title, was granted the principality of 1184: 1162: 1141: 835:

Antipas thinks of silencing his opposition by executing a Jewish preacher called

416: 350: 252: 240: 5385: 2607:

are often connected to the names of members of the family of Jesus, such as the

6922: 6631: 6616: 6611: 6540: 6344: 6123: 6109: 6087: 5938: 5791: 5786: 5771: 5680: 5579: 5372: 5240:

The Damascus Code, the Tent of David, the New Covenant, and the Blood of Christ

4976: 4771: 4555: 3181: 2640: 2636: 2628: 2056: 1841: 1829: 1720: 1685:

object by the people, perhaps testifying to the use of a common Jewish source.

1590: 1247: 1200: 1066: 897: 847: 748: 712: 688: 412: 315: 195: 4197: 1455: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1415: 1394: 1128: 6901: 6866: 6693: 6501: 6453: 6443: 6409: 6389: 6359: 5978: 5479: 2694: 2468: 1712: 1678: 1594: 1531: 1443: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1390: 1320:

and which would be evoked by the Letter of Claudius to the Alexandrians. For

1031: 859: 811: 802:

are engaged in a decisive confrontation against the Parthians and their king

783: 770: 672: 601: 581: 538: 514: 436: 335: 76: 4588:

Rajak, Tessa (1996), "Iulius Agrippa (2) II, Marcus", in Hornblower, Simon,

2659:

which translates as "Lord", title which is very often given to Jesus in the

2564:

because it resembles in many ways what was done to one of the two Jesuses —

6798: 6768: 6763: 6748: 6718: 6423: 5983: 5721: 3632:, Chapter XV — Les Hérodiens : Agrippa Ier ; Hérode II — (37-49). 3428: 3202:

Comptes-rendus des séances de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres

3200:, « La date de naissance de Jésus du point de vue romain », dans 2731: 2185: 1295: 1211: 1042: 484: 1649:, persecutes the community of Jesus' disciples in Jerusalem, then who has 1616: 1239:

whom Claudius had freed from the captivity to which the reduced Caligula.

988:— as well as all the property confiscated from the tetrarch and his wife. 6793: 6458: 6428: 6143: 5164:

Crucifixion in A.D. 36 : The Keystone for Dating the Birth of Jesus

4998: 4905: 4320: 2727: 2627:

is even nicknamed Judas Barabbas , while in current versions he is named

2620: 2473: 1837: 1806:, "the first of the Jews of Alexandria by birth and fortune who was then 1654: 1312: 1307:

of the Jews, since Dora was not located on his territory. Petronius, the

1149: 928: 605: 440: 371: 286:. Back in Rome around 35, Tiberius made him the guardian of his grandson 5210:

The Historical James, Paul as the Enemy, and Jesus' Brothers as Apostles

3670:

Le conflit judéo-alexandrin de 38-41 : l'identité juive à l'épreuve

6758: 6708: 6013: 5968: 5660: 5537: 1963: 1803: 1784: 1756: 1376: 1357: 1038: 941: 855: 736: 645: 590: 464: 420: 366: 303: 294:. The advent of the latter to the throne allowed him to become king of 5391: 2580:. The very name by which the actors of this parody call their victim ( 1174: 695:

The emperor asked Agrippa to take charge of Drusus' son, his grandson

35: 6823: 6673: 6550: 6463: 6438: 6322: 6018: 6008: 6003: 5993: 5973: 5866: 5801: 4820: 2587: 1727: 1574: 1402: 1324:, the writing of Philo Legation to Caïus "constitutes an apology for 1308: 1299: 1103: 1083: 1074: 1058: 909: 901: 740: 307: 521:– who would become emperor in 14 – and mother of the future emperor 6788: 6713: 6698: 6562: 6528: 6522: 6468: 6364: 6272: 6267: 6217: 5751: 5655: 5637: 5622: 4986: 4971: 4935: 4887: 4869: 4784: 4766: 4568: 4550: 4426: 4408: 3910: 3176: 2746: 2664: 2596: 2565: 2199: 1944: 1807: 1670: 1635: 1630: 1558: 1506: 1325: 1304: 1232: 1087: 1006: 949: 917: 905: 700: 683: 653: 617: 585: 577: 522: 518: 480: 448: 428: 346: 342: 323: 291: 279: 271: 4755:

Early Christian Families in Context: An Interdisciplinary Dialogue

2560:

Some critics see in this parody a reference to the crucifixion of

640:

Agrippa borrowed the sum of twenty thousand drachmas to embark at

6861: 6818: 6783: 6778: 6645: 6448: 6433: 6317: 6222: 6202: 5871: 5756: 5693: 5665: 5506: 4802: 4514:

Jewish Life and Thought among Greeks and Romans: Primary Readings

2702: 2648: 2489: 1833: 1780: 1708: 1674: 1535: 1372: 1365: 1291: 1196: 1123: 1054: 1046: 981: 870:. A figure that has also been attributed to John the Baptist and 827: 822:, as well as several sources in Syriac and Armenian, the king of 732: 562: 382: 358: 327: 295: 180: 130: 65: 1554: 1546:

which broke out some twenty years later in the ancient kingdom.

1001: 569:. Agrippa and his wife Cypros lived in a fortress in Malatha of 6556: 6349: 6252: 6247: 6176: 5761: 5670: 5607: 5168:, Chronos, kairos, Christos: nativity and chronological studies 3619: 2660: 2577: 1772: 1409:

and handed it to the synagogue president, who handed it to the

1406: 1398: 1251: 1192: 1010: 823: 744: 724: 720: 354: 311: 1148:

If we are to believe Flavius Josephus and the Roman historian

6703: 6414: 6404: 6023: 5906: 5821: 5632: 5576: 5008: 3901:, 327 ; quoted by Martin Goodman, 2009, p. 112-113. 3894: 2791: 2787: 2775: 2715:

Enquête sur les racines juives du mouvement chrétien (30-135)

2591: 2513:

List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources

2461: 1822: 1788: 1760: 1731: 1716: 1462: 1276: 1188: 1079: 1023: 956: 894: 863: 831: 815: 775: 728: 668: 660: 649: 621: 596: 526: 331: 299: 3354: 1481: 1283:

they ensure respect for the Torah by the communities of the

4111: 3702: 3435:, Taplinger Publishing co, 1980, New-York, p. 165–166. 1810:" from the city., and had a son from him named Agrippinus. 1704: 1495: 1210:

According to Cassius Dio, Claudius also granted his friend

977: 570: 267: 5147:

The Herodian Dynasty: Origins, Role in Society and Eclipse

4710: 4708: 4706: 4655: 4606: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4392: 4390: 1585:

Rather than entrusting the late king's kingdom to his son

1476: 266:

He spent his childhood and youth at the imperial court in

5349:(in French). Paris: Librairie Lecoffre J. Gabalda et Cie. 5092:. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes. p. 305. 4749: 4747: 4633: 4631: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4166: 4164: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 4126: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4062: 4031:

XIX, 245, quoted by Mireille Hadas-Lebel, op. cit. p. 85.

3992: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3959: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3752: 3750: 3545: 3543: 3407:, "Hérode le Grand", Pygmalion, Paris, 2011, p. 223. 3280: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3054: 3052: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 2631:, or as the fourth bishop of Jerusalem after the dead of 2488:

is depicted as coming to believe that he is a prophesied

1791:

who dismisses her before he reaches the imperial office.

818:, causing a crushing defeat for the latter. According to 5111:(2009). "VI : Caligula, Agrippa Ier et les Juifs". 4757:, éd. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2003, p. 133–137. 4691: 2888: 2886: 2884: 2882: 1825:, another oriental prince, whom she leaves to marry the 854:

In 36, Pontius Pilate quickly suppressed a gathering of

4851: 4703: 4667: 4643: 4595: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4387: 4101: 3947:

Was He Pushed or Did He Leap? Claudius' Ascent to Power

3609: 3607: 3344: 3342: 3242: 3171: 3169: 381:

He is the king named Herod whose death is recounted in

345:, he played a leading role in Rome in the accession of 4839: 4744: 4628: 4532: 4356: 4289: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4236: 4224: 4205: 4161: 4144: 4123: 4099: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4059: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4011: 4009: 4007: 4005: 3983: 3956: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3823: 3790: 3779: 3777: 3747: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3540: 3503: 3501: 3267: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3049: 3003: 2993: 2991: 2947: 2945: 2707:

Essay on the origins of Christianity: an exploded sect

2452:

Herod Agrippa is the protagonist of the Italian opera

794:

During his stay in Rome, several events take place in

648:, after having been reminded by the Roman governor of 5388:, article in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith 3680: 3678: 3433:

Revolution in Judaea: Jesus and the Jewish Resistance

2920: 2918: 2879: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 1266:

Map of Palestine in the time of Agrippa I (37-44 AD).

878:, provide indications according to which it could be 5265:

Enquête sur les racines juives du mouvement chrétien

4450: 4438: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4181: 4179: 3932:

Ce point est débattu ; cf. Daniel R. Schwartz,

3604: 3378: 3339: 3327: 3255: 3166: 1065:, to place the statue willingly or by force in the " 5236:

James the Brother of Jesus And The Dead Sea Scrolls

5206:

James the Brother of Jesus And The Dead Sea Scrolls

4257: 4078: 4034: 4002: 3876: 3859: 3835: 3774: 3714: 3498: 3459: 3122: 3103: 3064: 2988: 2942: 2930: 4199:Letter of the Emperor Claudius to the Alexandrians 3675: 3555: 3518: 3516: 3452:64, p. 417–456, voir aussi Stefan L. Davies, 3410: 2915: 2862: 2845: 2820: 866:, one of the three messianic figures found in the 290:and Agrippa approached the other designated heir, 5341: 5229: 4732: 4500: 4479: 4467: 4368: 4176: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 2635:also called Judas Barsabas and given as a son of 1629:compatriots and showed them even more sympathy". 6899: 5199: 4496: 4494: 3735: 3465: 3422: 3309: 3303: 3298:Possible Historical Traces in the Doctrina Addai 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 1331: 1298:) introduced a statue of Claudius into the main 435:and sister of Herod the Great, who was close to 4679: 4616: 3513: 2905: 2903: 2901: 1653:killed "with the sword" while that the apostle 996: 557:Around 26, Agrippa probably married his cousin 3652: 3650: 3366: 3207: 2730:, Agrippa had a very bad reputation among the 1124:Death of Caligula and installation of Claudius 682:, published around 93/94, during the reign of 5553: 5366: 4527:Reading Luke-Acts in Its Mediterranean Milieu 4491: 3476: 3474: 3315: 3230: 3193: 3191: 3076: 3028: 923: 882:who succeeded to the head of the movement of 545:of Tiberius and he hastily left Rome for the 5259: 4720: 4582: 4485: 4473: 4185: 3741: 2898: 1450:instead of one for the forgiveness of sin. ( 378:. He died suddenly—possibly poisoned—in 44. 334:in 40, following the disgrace of his uncle, 5107: 4857: 4308: 4283: 4218: 4155: 3977: 3920: 3805: 3696: 3684: 3647: 3641: 3549: 3290: 3141: 3058: 2477:, as well as the BBC television adaptation 1340:Remains of the Herodian Palace in Caesarea. 561:, daughter of Phasael, son of the Tetrarch 5560: 5546: 5171:. Jerry Vardaman & Edwin M. Yamauchi. 5117:. Paris: A. & J. Picard. p. 231. 5084: 5061: 4714: 4661: 4622: 4610: 4396: 4242: 4230: 4170: 4138: 4117: 4072: 3996: 3829: 3756: 3708: 3579: 3567: 3528: 3507: 3486: 3471: 3372: 3284: 3224: 3188: 3022: 2892: 2803: 1775:with her brother Agrippa, she proposes to 1389:The Mishnah explained how the Jews of the 318:in 37 by obtaining the old tetrarchies of 34: 16:King of Judaea (11 BC–AD 44) (r. 41–AD 44) 5328: 4685: 3321: 3236: 3097: 3043: 2909: 2544: 2446: 1386:, even if he does not sacrifice himself. 1098: 991: 270:where he befriended the imperial princes 5567: 5192:Agrippa I : The Last King of Judaea 5186: 5160: 4878:xvii. 1. § 2, xviii. 5–8, xix. 4–8. 4845: 4538: 4362: 3936:, éd. Mohr Siebeck, 1990, p. 88-89. 3934:Agrippa I : The Last King of Judaea 3853: 3817: 3768: 3613: 3384: 3360: 3348: 3333: 3261: 3252:, éd. Mohr Siebeck, 1990, p. 62–63. 3116: 3070: 2963: 2951: 2936: 2924: 2753:, as teachers of tyranny", Cassius Dio, 1726: 1615: 1553: 1480: 1335: 1270: 1261: 1250:, previously attached to the kingdom of 1173: 1127: 1102: 1000: 927: 769: 631: 497: 6948:1st-century monarchs in the Middle East 5282: 5132: 5032: 4738: 4726: 4697: 4673: 4649: 4637: 4461: 4444: 4381: 4266: 4105: 4053: 4015: 3882: 3870: 3841: 3729: 3656: 3585: 3573: 3561: 3534: 3492: 3480: 3416: 3147: 3135: 2997: 2970:. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 2873: 2856: 2839: 2795: 2779: 2705:; see Étienne Nodet and Justin Taylor, 2523: 1477:Regional ambitions and unexpected death 6900: 5311:Judaïsm from Cyrus to Hadrian, Vol. II 5305: 5042:(in French). Vol. Nouvelle clio. 3787:, éd. Mohr Siebeck, 2007, p. 347. 3601:, Munich, Delp, 1974, p. 130-131. 3522: 3161:La Guerre des Juifs contre les Romains 2774:places this beginning of his reign in 1178:Evolution of the Kingdom of Agrippa I. 6953:1st-century Roman governors of Judaea 5541: 3599:Petra und das Königreich der Nabatäer 3403:92, 1985, p. 497–524; quoted by 2518:List of Hasmonean and Herodian rulers 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2397: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2353: 2348: 2346: 2341: 2339: 2334: 2332: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2273: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2212: 2210: 2205: 2203: 2198: 2196: 2191: 2189: 2184: 2177: 2129: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2077: 2064: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2049: 2047: 2045: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2033: 2011: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1981: 1961: 1950: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1928: 1922: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1885: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1854: 1840:with his wife during the eruption of 1345:of a province with endemic troubles. 1257: 2528: 765: 4516:, A&C Black, 1996, p. 335. 3672:, L'Harmattan, 2005, p. 86-87. 2957: 2709:, ed. Cerf, 1998, p. 286-287; 2586:) makes one think of Barabbas, the 2467:Herod Agrippa is a major figure in 1642:organized rejoicings at his death. 1393:era interpreted the requirement of 1169: 244: 13: 5598:Life of Jesus in the New Testament 5392:Sergey E. Rysev. Herod and Agrippa 4965: 4960: 4592:, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3250:Agrippa I: The Last King of Judaea 1620:Schematic family tree showing the 1217:rex amicus et socius Populi Romani 1030:, Caligula intends to develop the 814:, clashed around the territory of 552: 14: 6989: 5354: 2454:L’Agrippa tetrarca di Gerusalemme 1582:adorning the palace of Caesarea. 1442:), and the blessings and curses ( 786:. (At the bottom, we can see the 565:, who gave him a first son named 493: 129:, daughter of Phasael II, son of 5381:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. 5360: 5267:(in French). Cerf. p. 586. 4947: 4929: 4911: 4899: 4881: 4863: 4830: 4814: 4796: 4778: 4760: 4562: 4544: 4519: 4506: 4420: 4402: 4337: 4326: 4314: 2760: 1677:intervened under the procurator 959:of Alexandria and the father of 415:, one of the children that king 411:around 11 BC. He was the son of 5347:Actes des deux apôtres, livre I 5313:. Fortress Press. p. 722. 4248: 4191: 4021: 3939: 3926: 3904: 3888: 3847: 3811: 3762: 3690: 3662: 3635: 3591: 3438: 3390: 3153: 2720: 2683: 2670: 2554: 1800:Berenice (daughter of Mariamne) 1490:emperor to dismiss the legate. 774:Ruins of the fortified city of 627: 259:, the last known king from the 6913:People in Acts of the Apostles 2717:, ed. Cerf, 2001, p. 147. 2535: 2483:, wherein he was portrayed by 1847: 1434:the portion regarding tithes ( 133:I (brother of Herod the Great) 1: 5086:Schwentzel, Christian-Georges 5063:Schwentzel, Christian-Georges 5026: 4501:Boismard & Lamouille 1990 3204:, 139 (3), 1995, p. 804. 1763:of Alexandria and brother of 1549: 1332:Administration of the kingdom 503: 221: 108: 95: 5923:People named Simon or Simeon 5345:; Lamouille, Arnaud (1990). 4775:, livre II, § XI, 6, (218s). 3405:Christian-Georges Schwentzel 2813: 2800:Christian-Georges Schwentzel 2464:, Italy, on August 28, 1724. 1759:, nephew of the philosopher 1638:inhabitants of Caesarea and 1611: 1485:Coin minted by Herod Agrippa 1456:Babylonian Talmud Sotah 41a. 1438:), the portion of the king ( 997:Representation in the Temple 392: 7: 6958:1st-century Herodian rulers 6340:Mary, mother of (John) Mark 5114:Rome, la Judée et les Juifs 4896:i. 28. § 1, ii. 9. 11. 4590:Oxford Classical Dictionary 3953:, 22 (1992), p. 25–31. 3454:Who is call Barabbas ? 2496: 1356:He continued the policy of 1082:— through Judea, as far as 1057:. Caligula enjoins the new 904:to dismiss the high priest 778:, stake in the war between 747:, located northeast of the 588:, and appointed him as the 576:Cypros got along well with 341:After the assassination of 10: 6994: 5913:People named Judas or Jude 5527:AD 41 – 44 5491:AD 40 – 41 5452:AD 37 – 41 4577:livre XVIII, § V, 4, (132) 3456:, NTS 27, p. 260–262. 3401:Jésus et Jean-Baptiste, RB 2964:Rogerson, John W. (1999). 2570:Jesus the King of the Jews 1688: 1569:; Stained glass window in 1561:depicted with her brother 924:First comer to his kingdom 479:as well as the daughters, 407:Herod Agrippa was born in 397: 18: 6842: 6664:Alexander the Coppersmith 6644: 6571: 6493: 6482: 6162: 6116:Disciple whom Jesus loved 6056: 5964:Female disciples of Jesus 5931: 5885: 5615: 5606: 5575: 5520: 5500: 5484: 5470: 5454: 5445: 5431: 5426: 5399: 2741:, summarized by the monk 2572:— in the accounts of the 2395: 2393: 2305: 2303: 2301: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2271: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2219: 2182: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2127: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2081: 2079: 2062: 2037: 2035: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2009: 2007: 1999: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1959: 1948: 1926: 1924: 1883: 1738:, 1815, (author unknown). 402: 201: 191: 179: 170: 165: 161: 137: 122: 104: 91: 87: 72: 57: 49: 42: 33: 28: 6039:Women at the crucifixion 5161:Kokkinos, Nikos (1989). 4944:XX. VII. § 2 (144). 3919:, XVIII, 301, quoted by 3185:, livre II, IX, 5 (178). 1711:on the western shore of 1132:Bronze bust of Claudius. 636:Bronze bust of Tiberius. 610:Lucius Pomponius Flaccus 525:, as well as by Empress 453:Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa 6278:James, brother of Jesus 6198:Ananias son of Nedebeus 5832:Simon, brother of Jesus 5378:The Jewish Encyclopedia 5140:. Paris: Perrin/Tempus. 4992:Antiquities of the Jews 4789:Antiquities of the Jews 4573:Antiquities of the Jews 4414:Antiquities of the Jews 3916:Antiquities of the Jews 2680:written 20 years later. 1749:Marcus Julius Alexander 1507:Cotys of Lesser Armenia 1405:attendant took a Torah 1384:Antigonus II Mattathias 679:Antiquities of the Jews 372:Roman province of Syria 251:. He was a grandson of 247:), was the last Jewish 6968:Judea (Roman province) 6083:James, son of Alphaeus 5782:Mary, sister of Martha 5375:; et al. (eds.). 5367:M. Brann (1901–1906). 5290:(in French). Atelier. 5261:Blanchetière, François 4923:Ecclesiastical History 4559:, Livre II, § 11. 3899:De Specialibus Legibus 2447:Agrippa in other media 1777:Marcus Antonius Polemo 1753:Alexander the Alabarch 1739: 1625: 1578: 1571:Saint Paul's Cathedral 1503:Antiochos of Commagene 1486: 1377:Mariamne the Hasmonean 1341: 1267: 1199:—but also the city of 1179: 1161:. He then went to the 1133: 1108: 1099:Agrippa's Intervention 1014: 992:The statue of Caligula 933: 846:, the governorship of 791: 705:Antiochos of Commagene 637: 608:, of which his friend 509: 421:Mariamne the Hasmonean 6943:Roman client monarchs 6834:Tryphena and Tryphosa 6095:James, son of Zebedee 5777:Mary, mother of James 5767:Mary, mother of Jesus 5343:Boismard, Marie-Émile 5109:Hadas-Lebel, Mireille 5034:Mimouni, Simon Claude 4941:Antiquitates Judaicae 4875:Antiquitates Judaicae 4529:, Brill, p. 200. 4525:Talbert, Charles H., 4432:Antiquitates Judaicae 3444:Horace Abraham Rigg, 2766:The precise dates of 2711:François Blanchetière 2699:François Blanchetière 1794:The second daughter, 1730: 1619: 1557: 1530:which appears in the 1484: 1432:Deuteronomy 11:13–21, 1360:external to Judea of 1339: 1322:François Blanchetière 1271:Judaism in the Empire 1265: 1177: 1131: 1106: 1004: 931: 773: 667:Tiberius, retired to 635: 501: 218:Marcus Julius Agrippa 171:Marcus Julius Agrippa 6659:Alexander of Ephesus 5857:Syrophoenician woman 5806:Nicodemus ben Gurion 5569:New Testament people 5284:Lémonon, Jean-Pierre 5244:. GDP. p. 443. 5214:. GDP. p. 411. 5069:. Paris: Pygmalion. 5020:Acts of the Apostles 4918:Eusebius of Caesarea 4893:The Wars of the Jews 3466:Eisenman 2012 vol. I 3310:Eisenman 2012 vol. I 3248:Daniel R. Schwartz, 2772:Simon Claude Mimouni 2625:Acts of the Apostles 2524:Notes and references 2458:Giuseppe Maria Buini 1827:procurator of Judaea 1647:Acts of the Apostles 1565:during the trial of 1528:Acts of the Apostles 1440:Deuteronomy 17:14–20 1436:Deuteronomy 14:22–29 1395:Deuteronomy 31:10–13 1237:Alexander Lysimachus 953:Alexander Lysimachus 880:Dositheos of Samaria 844:Simon Claude Mimouni 686:, but in book II of 657:Alexander Lysimachus 6734:Euodia and Syntyche 5903:People named Joseph 5797:Son of Nain's widow 5727:Joseph of Arimathea 5628:Anna the Prophetess 5188:Schwartz, Daniel R. 4700:, pp. 410–411. 4417:, livre XIX, (330). 4120:, pp. 231–232. 3711:, pp. 227–228. 3363:, pp. 267–268. 2784:Jean-Pierre Lémonon 1819:Gaius Julius Azizus 1659:Luke the Evangelist 1221:Jupiter Capitolinus 1215:was declared there 1073:, violating Judaic 1071:Temple of Jerusalem 1020:Temple of Jerusalem 517:, sister-in-law of 6333:cousin of Barnabas 5893:People named James 5847:Simon the Pharisee 5511:Title last held by 5475:Title last held by 5459:Title next held by 5436:Title last held by 5330:Smallwood, E. Mary 5005:, livres LIX et LX 4512:Louis H. Feldman, 4254:Ebner, 1982, p.156 4027:Flavius Josephus, 3668:Katherine Blouin, 3630:Histoire des Juifs 2678:Jewish Antiquities 2615:or the one called 1765:Tiberius Alexander 1740: 1626: 1579: 1487: 1342: 1268: 1258:Reign of Agrippa I 1180: 1134: 1109: 1053:, particularly in 1015: 961:Tiberius Alexander 934: 872:Jesus the Nazorean 792: 638: 594:(organizer of the 510: 255:and the father of 6895: 6894: 6640: 6639: 6052: 6051: 6029:Seventy disciples 5918:People named Mary 5898:People named John 5699:Impenitent thief 5536: 5535: 5307:Grabbe, Lester L. 5297:978-2-7082-3918-0 5145:Nikkos Kokkinos, 5138:Rome et Jérusalem 5099:978-2-7535-2229-9 4486:Blanchetière 2001 4474:Blanchetière 2001 4435:xvii. 2. § 2 4186:Blanchetière 2001 3820:, pp. 84–86. 3742:Blanchetière 2001 3687:, pp. 81–82. 3159:André Pelletier, 2798:, p. 43 and 2576:contained in the 2529:Explanatory notes 2444: 2443: 2214:Aristobulus Minor 1880:HASMONEAN DYNASTY 1779:, client king of 1452:Mishnah Sotah 7:8 1444:Deuteronomy 27–28 1428:Deuteronomy 6:4–9 1416:Deuteronomy 17:15 1231:, the son of the 1063:Publius Petronius 963:. whose daughter 955:, the brother of 820:Movses Khorenatsi 766:Troubles in Judea 715:arrived in Rome. 697:Tiberius Gemellus 614:Aristobulus Minor 604:and then went to 547:province of Judea 477:Aristobulus Minor 469:Hasmonean dynasty 423:. His mother was 409:Caesarea Maritima 288:Tiberius Gemellus 231:), also known as 211: 210: 175: 174: 117:Caesarea Maritima 19:For his son, see 6985: 6978:1st-century Jews 6918:Herodian dynasty 6887:Whore of Babylon 6491: 6490: 6298:Judas of Galilee 6288:Joseph Barsabbas 6263:Ethiopian eunuch 6193: 6185: 6149:Simon the Zealot 5944:Jesus's brothers 5717:John the Baptist 5707:Jairus' daughter 5702: 5684: 5651: 5613: 5612: 5562: 5555: 5548: 5539: 5538: 5464:Herod Agrippa II 5448:King of Batanaea 5422: 5415: 5397: 5396: 5382: 5364: 5363: 5350: 5337: 5324: 5301: 5278: 5255: 5231:Eisenman, Robert 5225: 5201:Eisenman, Robert 5195: 5182: 5141: 5128: 5103: 5080: 5057: 5003:Histoire romaine 4987:Flavius Josephus 4972:Flavius Josephus 4954: 4951: 4945: 4933: 4927: 4915: 4909: 4903: 4897: 4885: 4879: 4867: 4861: 4858:Hadas-Lebel 2009 4855: 4849: 4843: 4837: 4834: 4828: 4818: 4812: 4800: 4794: 4782: 4776: 4764: 4758: 4751: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4712: 4701: 4695: 4689: 4683: 4677: 4671: 4665: 4659: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4635: 4626: 4620: 4614: 4608: 4593: 4586: 4580: 4566: 4560: 4548: 4542: 4536: 4530: 4523: 4517: 4510: 4504: 4498: 4489: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4459: 4448: 4442: 4436: 4424: 4418: 4406: 4400: 4394: 4385: 4379: 4366: 4360: 4354: 4352: 4341: 4335: 4330: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4309:Hadas-Lebel 2009 4306: 4287: 4284:Hadas-Lebel 2009 4281: 4270: 4264: 4255: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4219:Hadas-Lebel 2009 4216: 4203: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4174: 4168: 4159: 4156:Hadas-Lebel 2009 4153: 4142: 4136: 4121: 4115: 4109: 4103: 4076: 4070: 4057: 4051: 4032: 4025: 4019: 4013: 4000: 3994: 3981: 3978:Hadas-Lebel 2009 3975: 3954: 3943: 3937: 3930: 3924: 3921:Hadas-Lebel 2009 3908: 3902: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3868: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3806:Hadas-Lebel 2009 3803: 3788: 3781: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3712: 3706: 3700: 3697:Hadas-Lebel 2009 3694: 3688: 3685:Hadas-Lebel 2009 3682: 3673: 3666: 3660: 3654: 3645: 3642:Hadas-Lebel 2009 3639: 3633: 3623: 3617: 3611: 3602: 3595: 3589: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3550:Hadas-Lebel 2009 3547: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3511: 3505: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3469: 3463: 3457: 3442: 3436: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3394: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3346: 3337: 3331: 3325: 3319: 3313: 3307: 3301: 3296:Ilaria Ramelli, 3294: 3288: 3282: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3205: 3195: 3186: 3173: 3164: 3157: 3151: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3120: 3114: 3101: 3095: 3074: 3068: 3062: 3059:Hadas-Lebel 2009 3056: 3047: 3041: 3026: 3020: 3001: 2995: 2986: 2985: 2961: 2955: 2949: 2940: 2934: 2928: 2922: 2913: 2907: 2896: 2890: 2877: 2871: 2860: 2854: 2843: 2837: 2807: 2782:, p. 410). 2764: 2758: 2737: 2724: 2718: 2687: 2681: 2674: 2668: 2645:Lucius Vitellius 2633:Simeon of Clopas 2613:Joseph Barsabbas 2609:brother of Jesus 2558: 2552: 2548: 2542: 2539: 2508:Herodian kingdom 2503:Herodian dynasty 2474:Claudius the God 2329:Herod Agrippa II 1956:HERODIAN DYNASTY 1852: 1851: 1769:Herod of Chalcis 1715:, as well as in 1603:Herod of Chalcis 1567:the apostle Paul 1170:Enlarged Kingdom 1154:Praetorian Guard 938:Lucius Vitellius 884:John the Baptist 868:Dead Sea Scrolls 837:John the Baptist 800:Lucius Vitellius 788:Lake of Tiberias 760:Lucius Vitellius 749:lake of Tiberias 567:Herod Agrippa II 508: 505: 502:Bust of Drusus, 261:Herodian dynasty 257:Herod Agrippa II 246: 230: 226: 223: 186:Herodian Dynasty 163: 162: 113: 110: 100: 97: 38: 26: 25: 21:Herod Agrippa II 6993: 6992: 6988: 6987: 6986: 6984: 6983: 6982: 6898: 6897: 6896: 6891: 6838: 6636: 6567: 6516:Herod the Great 6484: 6478: 6293:Judas Barsabbas 6191: 6183: 6158: 6129:Judas Thaddaeus 6048: 5927: 5881: 5842:Simon the Leper 5837:Simon of Cyrene 5817:Samaritan woman 5700: 5682: 5681:Penitent thief 5649: 5602: 5588:In Christianity 5571: 5566: 5526: 5516:Herod the Great 5512: 5509: 5490: 5487:King of Galilee 5476: 5460: 5451: 5441:Herod Philip II 5437: 5416: 5410: 5409: 5402: 5373:Singer, Isidore 5361: 5357: 5321: 5298: 5275: 5252: 5222: 5194:. Mohr Siebeck. 5179: 5166:in Jack Finegan 5134:Goodman, Martin 5125: 5100: 5077: 5067:Hérode le Grand 5054: 5046:. p. 968. 5029: 4968: 4966:Ancient springs 4963: 4961:General sources 4958: 4957: 4952: 4948: 4934: 4930: 4916: 4912: 4904: 4900: 4886: 4882: 4868: 4864: 4856: 4852: 4844: 4840: 4835: 4831: 4819: 4815: 4801: 4797: 4783: 4779: 4765: 4761: 4752: 4745: 4737: 4733: 4725: 4721: 4715:Schwentzel 2011 4713: 4704: 4696: 4692: 4684: 4680: 4672: 4668: 4662:Schwentzel 2013 4660: 4656: 4648: 4644: 4636: 4629: 4623:Schwentzel 2011 4621: 4617: 4611:Schwentzel 2011 4609: 4596: 4587: 4583: 4567: 4563: 4549: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4524: 4520: 4511: 4507: 4499: 4492: 4484: 4480: 4472: 4468: 4460: 4451: 4443: 4439: 4425: 4421: 4407: 4403: 4397:Schwentzel 2011 4395: 4388: 4380: 4369: 4361: 4357: 4350: 4344:Perseus Project 4342: 4338: 4331: 4327: 4319: 4315: 4307: 4290: 4282: 4273: 4265: 4258: 4253: 4249: 4243:Schwentzel 2011 4241: 4237: 4231:Schwentzel 2011 4229: 4225: 4217: 4206: 4196: 4192: 4184: 4177: 4171:Schwentzel 2011 4169: 4162: 4154: 4145: 4139:Schwentzel 2011 4137: 4124: 4118:Schwentzel 2011 4116: 4112: 4104: 4079: 4073:Schwentzel 2011 4071: 4060: 4052: 4035: 4026: 4022: 4014: 4003: 3997:Schwentzel 2011 3995: 3984: 3976: 3957: 3951:Ancient History 3944: 3940: 3931: 3927: 3909: 3905: 3893: 3889: 3881: 3877: 3869: 3860: 3852: 3848: 3840: 3836: 3830:Schwentzel 2011 3828: 3824: 3816: 3812: 3804: 3791: 3782: 3775: 3767: 3763: 3757:Schwentzel 2011 3755: 3748: 3740: 3736: 3728: 3715: 3709:Schwentzel 2011 3707: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3683: 3676: 3667: 3663: 3655: 3648: 3640: 3636: 3626:Heinrich Graetz 3624: 3620: 3612: 3605: 3596: 3592: 3584: 3580: 3572: 3568: 3560: 3556: 3548: 3541: 3533: 3529: 3521: 3514: 3508:Schwentzel 2013 3506: 3499: 3491: 3487: 3479: 3472: 3464: 3460: 3443: 3439: 3427: 3423: 3415: 3411: 3395: 3391: 3383: 3379: 3373:Schwentzel 2011 3371: 3367: 3359: 3355: 3347: 3340: 3332: 3328: 3320: 3316: 3308: 3304: 3295: 3291: 3285:Schwentzel 2011 3283: 3268: 3260: 3256: 3247: 3243: 3235: 3231: 3225:Schwentzel 2011 3223: 3208: 3196: 3189: 3174: 3167: 3158: 3154: 3146: 3142: 3134: 3123: 3115: 3104: 3096: 3077: 3069: 3065: 3057: 3050: 3042: 3029: 3023:Schwentzel 2011 3021: 3004: 2996: 2989: 2982: 2962: 2958: 2950: 2943: 2935: 2931: 2923: 2916: 2908: 2899: 2893:Schwentzel 2011 2891: 2880: 2872: 2863: 2855: 2846: 2838: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2810: 2806:, p. 168). 2804:Schwentzel 2011 2802:chooses 55-56 ( 2765: 2761: 2757:, book LIX, 24. 2743:John Xiphilinus 2735: 2725: 2721: 2688: 2684: 2675: 2671: 2559: 2555: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2531: 2526: 2499: 2449: 2207:Herod Agrippa I 2179:Herod Archelaus 2059: 1966: 1954: 1952:Herod the Great 1878: 1850: 1707:territories in 1691: 1651:James the Great 1614: 1552: 1479: 1422:up through the 1420:Deuteronomy 1:1 1362:Herod the Great 1334: 1273: 1260: 1235:of Alexandria, 1185:Herod Archelaus 1172: 1142:Cassius Chaerea 1126: 1101: 999: 994: 926: 768: 630: 555: 553:Return to Judea 506: 496: 417:Herod the Great 405: 400: 395: 253:Herod the Great 228: 224: 154: 150: 146: 115: 114:(aged about 54) 111: 98: 29:Herod Agrippa I 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6991: 6981: 6980: 6975: 6973:Deaths onstage 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6928:Jewish royalty 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6893: 6892: 6890: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6848: 6846: 6840: 6839: 6837: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6656: 6650: 6648: 6642: 6641: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6602: 6597: 6590: 6583: 6575: 6573: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6565: 6560: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6531: 6526: 6519: 6512: 6505: 6497: 6495: 6488: 6486:Herod's family 6480: 6479: 6477: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6336: 6335: 6330: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6187: 6179: 6174: 6168: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6124:Judas Iscariot 6121: 6120: 6119: 6112: 6107: 6097: 6092: 6091: 6090: 6080: 6079: 6078: 6068: 6062: 6060: 6054: 6053: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5935: 5933: 5929: 5928: 5926: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5900: 5895: 5889: 5887: 5883: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5799: 5794: 5792:Naked fugitive 5789: 5787:Mary of Clopas 5784: 5779: 5774: 5772:Mary Magdalene 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5619: 5617: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5584: 5582: 5573: 5572: 5565: 5564: 5557: 5550: 5542: 5534: 5533: 5531:Title extinct 5528: 5523:King of Judaea 5519: 5510: 5504: 5498: 5497: 5495:Title extinct 5492: 5483: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5458: 5453: 5444: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5427:Regnal titles 5424: 5423: 5406:House of Herod 5403: 5401:Herod Agrippa 5400: 5395: 5394: 5389: 5383: 5356: 5355:External links 5353: 5352: 5351: 5339: 5326: 5319: 5303: 5296: 5280: 5273: 5257: 5250: 5227: 5220: 5197: 5184: 5177: 5158: 5143: 5130: 5124:978-2708408425 5123: 5105: 5098: 5082: 5075: 5059: 5053:978-2130563969 5052: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5023: 5017: 5006: 4996: 4984: 4977:The Jewish War 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4956: 4955: 4946: 4928: 4910: 4898: 4880: 4862: 4850: 4848:, p. 134. 4838: 4829: 4813: 4795: 4777: 4772:The Jewish War 4759: 4743: 4741:, p. 122. 4731: 4729:, p. 264. 4719: 4717:, p. 256. 4702: 4690: 4688:, p. 354. 4686:Smallwood 1976 4678: 4676:, p. 411. 4666: 4664:, p. 168. 4654: 4652:, p. 410. 4642: 4627: 4625:, p. 258. 4615: 4613:, p. 255. 4594: 4581: 4561: 4556:The Jewish War 4543: 4541:, p. 147. 4531: 4518: 4505: 4490: 4488:, p. 251. 4478: 4476:, p. 103. 4466: 4464:, p. 411. 4449: 4447:, p. 105. 4437: 4419: 4401: 4399:, p. 242. 4386: 4384:, p. 410. 4367: 4365:, p. 175. 4355: 4336: 4325: 4313: 4288: 4271: 4269:, p. 116. 4256: 4247: 4245:, p. 236. 4235: 4233:, p. 239. 4223: 4204: 4190: 4188:, p. 248. 4175: 4173:, p. 233. 4160: 4143: 4141:, p. 232. 4122: 4110: 4108:, p. 409. 4077: 4075:, p. 231. 4058: 4056:, p. 115. 4033: 4020: 4018:, p. 114. 4001: 3999:, p. 230. 3982: 3955: 3938: 3925: 3903: 3887: 3885:, p. 191. 3875: 3873:, p. 113. 3858: 3846: 3844:, p. 112. 3834: 3832:, p. 229. 3822: 3810: 3789: 3773: 3761: 3759:, p. 228. 3746: 3744:, p. 147. 3734: 3732:, p. 111. 3713: 3701: 3689: 3674: 3661: 3659:, p. 190. 3646: 3634: 3618: 3616:, p. 145. 3603: 3590: 3588:, p. 225. 3578: 3576:, p. 224. 3566: 3564:, p. 407. 3554: 3539: 3537:, p. 219. 3527: 3525:, p. 424. 3512: 3497: 3495:, p. 218. 3485: 3483:, p. 215. 3470: 3458: 3437: 3421: 3419:, p. 436. 3409: 3389: 3387:, p. 135. 3377: 3375:, p. 223. 3365: 3353: 3351:, p. 146. 3338: 3336:, p. 133. 3326: 3324:, p. 186. 3322:Smallwood 1976 3314: 3302: 3289: 3287:, p. 217. 3266: 3264:, p. 134. 3254: 3241: 3239:, p. 190. 3237:Smallwood 1976 3229: 3227:, p. 227. 3206: 3198:Gilbert Picard 3187: 3182:The Jewish War 3165: 3152: 3150:, p. 137. 3140: 3138:, p. 108. 3121: 3102: 3100:, p. 189. 3098:Smallwood 1976 3075: 3063: 3048: 3046:, p. 188. 3044:Smallwood 1976 3027: 3025:, p. 226. 3002: 3000:, p. 107. 2987: 2980: 2956: 2941: 2929: 2914: 2912:, p. 187. 2910:Smallwood 1976 2897: 2895:, p. 225. 2878: 2876:, p. 395. 2861: 2859:, p. 225. 2844: 2842:, p. 106. 2818: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2759: 2719: 2682: 2669: 2655:word, that of 2641:Pontius Pilate 2637:James the Just 2629:Judas Barsabas 2566:Jésus Barabbas 2553: 2543: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2493: 2485:James Faulkner 2465: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 2378: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2354: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2340: 2338: 2333: 2331: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2312: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2220: 2217: 2216: 2211: 2209: 2204: 2202: 2197: 2195: 2190: 2188: 2183: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2118: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2063: 2061: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1990: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1968: 1960: 1958: 1949: 1947: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1929: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1884: 1882: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1849: 1846: 1842:Mount Vesuvius 1830:Antonius Felix 1690: 1687: 1613: 1610: 1591:Roman province 1551: 1548: 1515:king of Pontus 1478: 1475: 1333: 1330: 1272: 1269: 1259: 1256: 1171: 1168: 1125: 1122: 1100: 1097: 1067:Holy of Holies 998: 995: 993: 990: 925: 922: 898:Pontius Pilate 848:Pontius Pilate 767: 764: 713:Pontius Pilate 701:Caius Caligula 689:The Jewish War 629: 626: 580:, the wife of 554: 551: 495: 494:Imperial court 492: 439:, daughter of 431:, daughter of 427:, daughter of 413:Aristobulus IV 404: 401: 399: 396: 394: 391: 209: 208: 203: 199: 198: 196:Aristobulus IV 193: 189: 188: 183: 177: 176: 173: 172: 168: 167: 159: 158: 141: 135: 134: 124: 120: 119: 106: 102: 101: 93: 89: 88: 85: 84: 74: 70: 69: 59: 55: 54: 51: 47: 46: 44:King of Judaea 40: 39: 31: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6990: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6963:Judean people 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6908:Herod Agrippa 6906: 6905: 6903: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6867:Two witnesses 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6857:Four Horsemen 6855: 6853: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6841: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6643: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6607: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6595: 6591: 6589: 6588: 6584: 6582: 6581: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6570: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6558: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6546:Pilate's wife 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6536: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6524: 6520: 6518: 6517: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6506: 6504: 6503: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6481: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6410:Seven Deacons 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6188: 6186: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6161: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6117: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6102: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6089: 6086: 6085: 6084: 6081: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6055: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5930: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5908: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5890: 5888: 5884: 5878: 5875: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5807: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5563: 5558: 5556: 5551: 5549: 5544: 5543: 5540: 5532: 5529: 5525: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5508: 5503: 5499: 5496: 5493: 5489: 5488: 5482: 5481: 5480:Herod Antipas 5473: 5469: 5466: 5465: 5457: 5450: 5449: 5443: 5442: 5434: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5413: 5408: 5407: 5398: 5393: 5390: 5387: 5384: 5380: 5379: 5374: 5370: 5359: 5358: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5322: 5320:0-8006-2621-4 5316: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5299: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5276: 5274:9782204062152 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5253: 5251:9780985599164 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5232: 5228: 5223: 5221:9780985599133 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5202: 5198: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5180: 5178:9780931464508 5174: 5170: 5169: 5165: 5159: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5126: 5120: 5116: 5115: 5110: 5106: 5101: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5078: 5076:9782756404721 5072: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5055: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5040: 5035: 5031: 5030: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5007: 5004: 5000: 4997: 4994: 4993: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4979: 4978: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4950: 4943: 4942: 4937: 4932: 4925: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4907: 4902: 4895: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4877: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4860:, p. 96. 4859: 4854: 4847: 4846:Schwartz 1990 4842: 4833: 4826: 4822: 4817: 4810: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4793: 4790: 4786: 4781: 4774: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4756: 4750: 4748: 4740: 4735: 4728: 4723: 4716: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4699: 4694: 4687: 4682: 4675: 4670: 4663: 4658: 4651: 4646: 4640:, p. 37. 4639: 4634: 4632: 4624: 4619: 4612: 4607: 4605: 4603: 4601: 4599: 4591: 4585: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4565: 4558: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4540: 4539:Schwartz 1990 4535: 4528: 4522: 4515: 4509: 4503:, p. 24. 4502: 4497: 4495: 4487: 4482: 4475: 4470: 4463: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4446: 4441: 4434: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4416: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4398: 4393: 4391: 4383: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4364: 4363:Schwartz 1990 4359: 4348: 4345: 4340: 4334: 4329: 4322: 4317: 4311:, p. 89. 4310: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4286:, p. 90. 4285: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4268: 4263: 4261: 4251: 4244: 4239: 4232: 4227: 4221:, p. 87. 4220: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4201: 4200: 4194: 4187: 4182: 4180: 4172: 4167: 4165: 4158:, p. 88. 4157: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4140: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4119: 4114: 4107: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4082: 4074: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4055: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4030: 4024: 4017: 4012: 4010: 4008: 4006: 3998: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3980:, p. 85. 3979: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3952: 3948: 3942: 3935: 3929: 3923:, p. 84. 3922: 3918: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3900: 3896: 3891: 3884: 3879: 3872: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3856:, p. 87. 3855: 3854:Schwartz 1990 3850: 3843: 3838: 3831: 3826: 3819: 3818:Schwartz 1990 3814: 3808:, p. 84. 3807: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3794: 3786: 3780: 3778: 3771:, p. 84. 3770: 3769:Schwartz 1990 3765: 3758: 3753: 3751: 3743: 3738: 3731: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3710: 3705: 3699:, p. 82. 3698: 3693: 3686: 3681: 3679: 3671: 3665: 3658: 3653: 3651: 3644:, p. 81. 3643: 3638: 3631: 3627: 3622: 3615: 3614:Kokkinos 1989 3610: 3608: 3600: 3594: 3587: 3582: 3575: 3570: 3563: 3558: 3552:, p. 74. 3551: 3546: 3544: 3536: 3531: 3524: 3519: 3517: 3510:, p. 97. 3509: 3504: 3502: 3494: 3489: 3482: 3477: 3475: 3468:, p. 64. 3467: 3462: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3441: 3434: 3430: 3425: 3418: 3413: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3397:Étienne Nodet 3393: 3386: 3385:Kokkinos 1989 3381: 3374: 3369: 3362: 3361:Kokkinos 1989 3357: 3350: 3349:Kokkinos 1989 3345: 3343: 3335: 3334:Kokkinos 1989 3330: 3323: 3318: 3311: 3306: 3299: 3293: 3286: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3271: 3263: 3262:Kokkinos 1989 3258: 3251: 3245: 3238: 3233: 3226: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3192: 3184: 3183: 3178: 3172: 3170: 3162: 3156: 3149: 3144: 3137: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3118: 3117:Schwartz 1990 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3099: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3073:, p. 47. 3072: 3071:Schwartz 1990 3067: 3061:, p. 79. 3060: 3055: 3053: 3045: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3024: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 2999: 2994: 2992: 2983: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2968: 2960: 2954:, p. 45. 2953: 2952:Schwartz 1990 2948: 2946: 2939:, p. 40. 2938: 2937:Schwartz 1990 2933: 2927:, p. 39. 2926: 2925:Schwartz 1990 2921: 2919: 2911: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2894: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2875: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2858: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2841: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2819: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2786:places it in 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2763: 2756: 2755:Roman History 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2739:Roman History 2733: 2729: 2726:According to 2723: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2695:Justin Taylor 2692: 2691:Étienne Nodet 2689:According to 2686: 2679: 2673: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2643:was fired by 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2584: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2557: 2547: 2538: 2534: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2504: 2501: 2500: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2475: 2470: 2469:Robert Graves 2466: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2450: 2441: 2438: 2402: 2400: 2358: 2356: 2351: 2344: 2337: 2330: 2310: 2307: 2299: 2297: 2289: 2287: 2279: 2277: 2276: 2269: 2261: 2259: 2243: 2241: 2222: 2218: 2215: 2208: 2201: 2194: 2187: 2180: 2176: 2173: 2165: 2163: 2155: 2153: 2145: 2143: 2135: 2133: 2132: 2125: 2109: 2107: 2091: 2089: 2076: 2073: 2071: 2070: 2067: 2058: 2032: 2029: 2017: 2015: 2014: 1997: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1970: 1965: 1957: 1953: 1946: 1933: 1931: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1891: 1888: 1881: 1877: 1853: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1713:Lake Tiberias 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1686: 1682: 1680: 1679:Cuspius Fadus 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1623: 1618: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1595:Cuspius Fadus 1592: 1588: 1583: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1547: 1545: 1544:Jewish revolt 1539: 1537: 1533: 1532:New Testament 1529: 1523: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1499:Sampsigeramos 1497: 1491: 1483: 1474: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1412: 1411:High Priest's 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1391:Second Temple 1387: 1385: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1352: 1346: 1338: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1286: 1280: 1278: 1264: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1224: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1176: 1167: 1164: 1160: 1159:raison d'être 1155: 1151: 1146: 1143: 1139: 1130: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1105: 1096: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1035: 1033: 1032:imperial cult 1029: 1025: 1021: 1012: 1008: 1003: 989: 987: 983: 979: 973: 969: 966: 962: 958: 954: 951: 946: 943: 939: 930: 921: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 896: 892: 887: 885: 881: 877: 876:Haran-Gawaita 873: 869: 865: 861: 860:Mount Gerizim 857: 852: 849: 845: 842:According to 840: 838: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 812:Herod Antipas 809: 805: 804:Artabanus III 801: 797: 789: 785: 784:Herod Antipas 781: 777: 772: 763: 761: 757: 752: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 716: 714: 708: 706: 702: 698: 693: 691: 690: 685: 681: 680: 674: 673:Antonia Minor 670: 665: 662: 659:, brother of 658: 655: 651: 647: 643: 634: 625: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 598: 593: 592: 587: 583: 582:Herod Antipas 579: 574: 572: 568: 564: 560: 550: 548: 544: 540: 539:Herod Antipas 534: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 515:Antonia Minor 500: 491: 488: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 456: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 437:Antonia Minor 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 390: 388: 384: 379: 377: 373: 368: 362: 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 339: 337: 336:Herod Antipas 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 278:, the son of 277: 273: 269: 264: 262: 258: 254: 250: 249:king of Judea 242: 238: 234: 219: 215: 214:Herod Agrippa 207: 204: 200: 197: 194: 190: 187: 184: 182: 178: 169: 164: 160: 157: 153: 149: 145: 142: 140: 136: 132: 128: 125: 121: 118: 107: 103: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 77:Cuspius Fadus 75: 71: 67: 63: 60: 56: 52: 48: 45: 41: 37: 32: 27: 22: 6933:11 BC births 6882:Three Angels 6749:Jesus Justus 6719:Epaphroditus 6604: 6592: 6585: 6579: 6578: 6555: 6533: 6521: 6514: 6507: 6500: 6424:Simeon Niger 5984:Myrrhbearers 5530: 5521: 5513: 5505:governed by 5501: 5494: 5485: 5477: 5471: 5461: 5455: 5446: 5438: 5432: 5418: 5411: 5404: 5376: 5369:"Agrippa I." 5346: 5333: 5310: 5288:Ponce Pilate 5287: 5264: 5241: 5237: 5234: 5211: 5207: 5204: 5191: 5167: 5163: 5146: 5137: 5113: 5089: 5066: 5038: 5012: 5002: 4990: 4982:Livre II, XI 4975: 4949: 4939: 4931: 4921: 4913: 4901: 4891: 4883: 4873: 4865: 4853: 4841: 4832: 4824: 4816: 4806: 4798: 4788: 4780: 4770: 4762: 4754: 4739:Mimouni 2012 4734: 4727:Lémonon 2007 4722: 4698:Mimouni 2012 4693: 4681: 4674:Mimouni 2012 4669: 4657: 4650:Mimouni 2012 4645: 4638:Lémonon 2007 4618: 4589: 4584: 4564: 4554: 4546: 4534: 4526: 4521: 4513: 4508: 4481: 4469: 4462:Mimouni 2012 4445:Goodman 2009 4440: 4430: 4422: 4412: 4404: 4382:Mimouni 2012 4358: 4339: 4328: 4316: 4267:Goodman 2009 4250: 4238: 4226: 4198: 4193: 4113: 4106:Mimouni 2012 4054:Goodman 2009 4028: 4023: 4016:Goodman 2009 3950: 3946: 3941: 3933: 3928: 3914: 3906: 3898: 3890: 3883:Lémonon 2007 3878: 3871:Goodman 2009 3849: 3842:Goodman 2009 3837: 3825: 3813: 3784: 3764: 3737: 3730:Goodman 2009 3704: 3692: 3669: 3664: 3657:Lémonon 2007 3637: 3629: 3621: 3598: 3597:M. Lindner, 3593: 3586:Lémonon 2007 3581: 3574:Lémonon 2007 3569: 3562:Mimouni 2012 3557: 3535:Lémonon 2007 3530: 3493:Lémonon 2007 3488: 3481:Lémonon 2007 3461: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3440: 3432: 3429:Hyam Maccoby 3424: 3417:Mimouni 2012 3412: 3400: 3392: 3380: 3368: 3356: 3329: 3317: 3305: 3297: 3292: 3257: 3249: 3244: 3232: 3201: 3180: 3160: 3155: 3148:Mimouni 2012 3143: 3136:Goodman 2009 3119:, p. 6. 3066: 2998:Goodman 2009 2966: 2959: 2932: 2874:Mimouni 2012 2857:Mimouni 2012 2840:Goodman 2009 2796:Lémonon 2007 2780:Mimouni 2012 2762: 2754: 2738: 2722: 2714: 2706: 2685: 2672: 2656: 2604: 2600: 2595: 2592:Jesus Christ 2581: 2556: 2546: 2537: 2478: 2472: 2453: 2437:Berenice III 2206: 2186:Mariamne III 1812: 1793: 1741: 1700: 1695: 1692: 1683: 1644: 1627: 1624:of the Bible 1621: 1607: 1584: 1580: 1540: 1524: 1492: 1488: 1471: 1460: 1430:), and then 1388: 1370: 1355: 1347: 1343: 1296:Mount Carmel 1289: 1281: 1274: 1241: 1225: 1216: 1209: 1205:Anti-Lebanon 1181: 1158: 1147: 1135: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1043:Thessaloniki 1036: 1016: 974: 970: 947: 935: 888: 875: 853: 841: 793: 753: 717: 709: 694: 687: 677: 666: 639: 628:Back to Rome 595: 589: 575: 556: 535: 511: 507: 21 CE 489: 457: 447:, sister of 406: 380: 363: 357:, Judea and 340: 268:Ancient Rome 265: 236: 232: 229: AD 44 225: 11 BC 217: 216:(Roman name 213: 212: 112: AD 44 99: 11 BC 6794:Onesiphorus 6429:Simon Magus 6323:(John) Mark 6213:Aristarchus 6144:Simon Peter 6071:Bartholomew 5969:God-fearers 5959:Evangelists 5650:(Bethsaida) 5616:Individuals 4999:Cassius Dio 4995:, livre XIX 4906:Cassius Dio 4321:Alfred Kuen 3945:Major, A., 3523:Grabbe 1992 2728:Cassius Dio 2621:Codex Bezae 2619:who in the 2480:I, Claudius 2343:Mariamne VI 2336:Berenice II 2057:Aristobulus 1848:Family tree 1838:Herculaneum 1719:and around 1150:Cassius Dio 1092:Aristobulus 729:Trachonitis 441:Mark Antony 300:Trachonitis 58:Predecessor 6902:Categories 6844:Revelation 6709:Diotrephes 6669:Andronicus 6587:Agrippa II 6483:Romans and 6328:Evangelist 6184:(Damascus) 6105:Evangelist 6014:Samaritans 6004:Proselytes 5862:Theophilus 5701:("Gestas") 5683:("Dismas") 5661:Celidonius 5648:Blind man 5643:Bartimaeus 5593:Historical 5155:1850756902 5027:Historians 5014:Ad Flaccum 2981:0500050953 2768:Agrippa II 2456:(1724) by 2066:Berenice I 1964:Mariamne I 1821:, King of 1813:The last, 1804:Alexandria 1785:Cappadocia 1783:(south of 1757:Alexandria 1667:Agrippa II 1599:procurator 1587:Agrippa II 1563:Agrippa II 1550:Succession 1473:Agrippa's 1358:euergetism 1294:(south of 1140:commander 1138:praetorian 1061:of Syria, 1039:Alexandria 942:Nabataeans 856:Samaritans 737:Gaulanitis 646:Alexandria 591:agoranomos 465:Costobarus 367:euergetism 304:Gaulanitis 227: – c. 144:Agrippa II 81:Procurator 6938:44 deaths 6824:Sosipater 6744:Hymenaeus 6679:Aretas IV 6674:Archippus 6600:Cornelius 6551:Quirinius 6509:Archelaus 6464:Trophimus 6439:Sosthenes 6385:Prochorus 6380:Priscilla 6243:Dionysius 6238:Demetrius 6228:Cornelius 6076:Nathanael 6034:Shepherds 6019:Sanhedrin 6009:Sadducees 5994:Pharisees 5974:Herodians 5954:Disciples 5877:Zechariah 5867:Zacchaeus 5802:Nicodemus 5689:Elizabeth 5478:Tetrarch 5439:Tetrarch 5386:Agrippa I 5242:, Vol. II 4821:Suetonius 3300:, § n° 9. 2814:Citations 2751:Antiochus 2588:alter ego 1887:Alexandra 1876:Alexander 1751:, son of 1701:epimelete 1612:Posterity 1575:Melbourne 1448:festivals 1403:synagogue 1381:Hasmonean 1309:proconsul 1300:synagogue 1084:Jerusalem 1075:aniconism 1069:" of the 1059:proconsul 914:Aretas IV 910:Pentecost 902:Jerusalem 808:Aretas IV 780:Aretas IV 741:Auranitis 461:Alexander 433:Antipater 419:had with 393:Biography 351:Archelaus 308:Auranitis 237:Agrippa I 83:of Judea) 73:Successor 68:of Judea) 6862:Apollyon 6809:Philetus 6804:Philemon 6789:Onesimus 6739:Herodion 6714:Epaphras 6699:Crescens 6654:Achaicus 6646:Epistles 6606:Drusilla 6594:Berenice 6563:Tiberius 6529:Longinus 6523:Herodias 6469:Tychicus 6419:Silvanus 6417: / 6400:Sapphira 6365:Parmenas 6360:Nicholas 6345:Matthias 6273:Gamaliel 6268:Eutychus 6258:Egyptian 6218:Barnabas 6192:(Judaea) 6190:Ananias 6182:Ananias 6058:Apostles 5999:Prophets 5989:Nameless 5886:Multiple 5752:Lysanias 5656:Caiaphas 5638:Barabbas 5623:Alphaeus 5336:. Brill. 5332:(1976). 5309:(1992). 5286:(2007). 5263:(2001). 5233:(2012). 5212:, Vol. I 5203:(2012). 5190:(1990). 5136:(2009). 5088:(2013). 5065:(2011). 5036:(2012). 4936:Josephus 4888:Josephus 4870:Josephus 4785:Josephus 4767:Josephus 4569:Josephus 4551:Josephus 4427:Josephus 4409:Josephus 4347:AJ19.8.2 3911:Josephus 3446:Barabbas 3177:Josephus 2747:Caligula 2734:. In the 2665:Caligula 2605:Barabbas 2601:Barsabas 2597:cognomen 2583:Karabbas 2497:See also 2471:' novel 2350:Drusilla 2200:Herodias 1967:d. 29 BC 1945:Malthace 1815:Drusilla 1808:Alabarch 1796:Mariamne 1747:married 1745:Berenice 1736:Berenice 1671:Gamaliel 1663:epistles 1631:Josephus 1559:Berenice 1465:and the 1351:Caesarea 1326:Augustus 1305:ethnarch 1285:diaspora 1233:alabarch 1212:consular 1088:Tiberias 1007:Caligula 1005:Bust of 965:Berenice 950:alabarch 918:Caligula 906:Caiaphas 756:Marullus 684:Domitian 654:alabarch 642:Anthedon 620:against 618:Damascus 586:Tiberias 578:Herodias 543:freedmen 523:Claudius 519:Tiberius 485:Mariamne 481:Herodias 449:Augustus 425:Berenice 387:12:20–23 347:Claudius 343:Caligula 324:Lysanias 292:Caligula 280:Tiberius 272:Claudius 233:Herod II 206:Berenice 156:Drusilla 152:Mariamne 148:Berenice 62:Marullus 53:AD 41–44 6852:Antipas 6829:Tertius 6819:Quartus 6784:Olympas 6779:Nymphas 6774:Michael 6724:Erastus 6694:Claudia 6684:Artemas 6632:Paullus 6580:Agrippa 6502:Antipas 6494:Gospels 6454:Timothy 6449:Theudas 6444:Stephen 6434:Sopater 6390:Publius 6355:Nicanor 6233:Damaris 6223:Blastus 6203:Apollos 6134:Matthew 6044:Zealots 6024:Scribes 5872:Zebedee 5852:Susanna 5804: ( 5757:Malchus 5737:Lazarus 5694:Gabriel 5666:Cleopas 5608:Gospels 5507:Prefect 4926:ii. 10. 4811:vi. 156 4808:Satires 4803:Juvenal 4333:Acts 12 2703:zealots 2661:gospels 2649:Aramaic 2623:of the 2611:called 2578:Gospels 2574:Passion 2568:and/or 2490:Messiah 2193:Herod V 2060:d. 7 BC 1844:en 79. 1834:Pompeii 1781:Cilicia 1709:Galilee 1697:Agrippa 1689:Progeny 1675:Theudas 1640:Sebaste 1536:Teshuva 1511:Polemon 1467:Boethos 1373:Mishnah 1366:Berytus 1248:Chalcis 1197:Samaria 1163:Capitol 1055:Galilee 1049:and in 1047:Antioch 1028:Goodman 982:Galilee 891:prefect 828:Abgar V 733:Batanea 563:Phasael 445:Octavia 398:Origins 383:Acts 12 359:Samaria 328:Galilee 326:, then 316:Chalcis 296:Batanea 181:Dynasty 131:Phasael 66:Prefect 6814:Phoebe 6799:Pudens 6729:Eunice 6689:Carpus 6627:Lysias 6622:Gallio 6617:Festus 6557:Salome 6541:Pilate 6535:Philip 6375:Philip 6350:Mnason 6318:Manaen 6303:Lucius 6253:Elymas 6248:Dorcas 6208:Aquila 6177:Agabus 6172:Aeneas 6154:Thomas 6139:Philip 6110:Patmos 6066:Andrew 5949:Demons 5939:Angels 5932:Groups 5827:Simeon 5812:Salome 5762:Martha 5742:Legion 5722:Joseph 5712:Joanna 5671:Clopas 5580:Christ 5502:Vacant 5472:Vacant 5456:Vacant 5433:Vacant 5417: 5365: 5317: 5294: 5271: 5248: 5218: 5175: 5153: 5121: 5096: 5073: 5050: 4908:lx. 8. 4792:XX.5.2 4351: 2978: 2732:Romans 2653:Syriac 1773:incest 1622:Herods 1519:Marsus 1407:scroll 1399:Sukkot 1252:Iturea 1229:Marcus 1193:Idumea 1011:Louvre 986:Peraea 824:Edessa 745:Paneas 725:Iturea 721:diadem 571:Idumea 559:Cypros 531:Drusus 429:Salome 403:Family 376:Marsus 355:Idumea 320:Philip 312:Paneas 276:Drusus 245:אגריפס 241:Hebrew 202:Mother 192:Father 127:Cypros 123:Spouse 6923:Julii 6877:Beast 6872:Woman 6759:Linus 6754:Junia 6704:Demas 6612:Felix 6474:Zenas 6459:Titus 6415:Silas 6405:Sceva 6395:Rhoda 6313:Lydia 6283:Jason 5907:Joses 5822:Satan 5676:Devil 5633:Annas 5577:Jesus 5514:King 5462:King 5421:AD 44 5419:Died: 5414:11 BC 5412:Born: 5371:. In 5009:Philo 4825:Titus 3895:Philo 2778:(see 2736:' 2697:then 2657:Maran 2617:Judas 2562:Jesus 2462:Milan 1823:Emesa 1789:Titus 1761:Philo 1732:Titus 1721:Abila 1717:Perea 1655:Peter 1636:pagan 1593:with 1573:, in 1496:Emesa 1424:shema 1318:Jesus 1313:Syria 1277:Torah 1244:Herod 1201:Abila 1189:Judea 1080:Sidon 1051:Judea 1024:Apion 957:Philo 895:Judea 864:Moses 832:Petra 816:Gamla 796:Judea 776:Gamla 669:Capri 661:Philo 650:Yavne 622:Sidon 606:Syria 597:agora 527:Livia 473:Herod 332:Perea 284:Judea 166:Names 139:Issue 50:Reign 6769:Mary 6764:Lois 6572:Acts 6370:Paul 6308:Luke 6164:Acts 6100:John 6088:Less 5979:Magi 5905:(or 5747:Luke 5732:Jude 5315:ISBN 5292:ISBN 5269:ISBN 5246:ISBN 5216:ISBN 5173:ISBN 5151:ISBN 5119:ISBN 5094:ISBN 5071:ISBN 5048:ISBN 5022:, 12 2976:ISBN 2794:see 2693:and 2651:and 2603:and 1734:and 1705:Nero 1509:and 1463:Anan 1292:Dôra 1195:and 984:and 978:Gaul 810:and 782:and 743:and 644:for 602:Tyre 483:and 475:and 443:and 330:and 322:and 314:and 274:and 105:Died 92:Born 5044:puf 3450:JLB 2972:195 2590:of 1836:or 1755:of 1597:as 1311:of 1203:in 893:of 858:on 389:). 235:or 6904:: 5238:, 5208:, 5011:, 5001:, 4989:, 4980:, 4974:, 4938:, 4920:, 4890:, 4872:, 4827:7. 4823:, 4805:, 4787:, 4769:, 4746:^ 4705:^ 4630:^ 4597:^ 4575:, 4571:, 4553:, 4493:^ 4452:^ 4429:, 4411:, 4389:^ 4370:^ 4291:^ 4274:^ 4259:^ 4207:^ 4178:^ 4163:^ 4146:^ 4125:^ 4080:^ 4061:^ 4036:^ 4029:AJ 4004:^ 3985:^ 3958:^ 3949:, 3913:, 3897:, 3861:^ 3792:^ 3776:^ 3749:^ 3716:^ 3677:^ 3649:^ 3628:, 3606:^ 3542:^ 3515:^ 3500:^ 3473:^ 3448:, 3431:, 3399:, 3341:^ 3269:^ 3209:^ 3190:^ 3179:, 3168:^ 3124:^ 3105:^ 3078:^ 3051:^ 3030:^ 3005:^ 2990:^ 2974:. 2944:^ 2917:^ 2900:^ 2881:^ 2864:^ 2847:^ 2822:^ 2792:54 2788:53 2776:54 2713:, 1962:2. 1943:4. 1517:. 1513:, 1505:, 1469:. 1458:) 1454:; 1287:. 1223:. 1191:, 1045:, 1041:, 1013:). 826:, 790:.) 739:, 735:, 731:, 727:, 504:c. 487:. 455:. 374:, 353:– 338:. 310:, 306:, 302:, 298:, 243:: 222:c. 220:; 109:c. 96:c. 6118:" 6114:" 5909:) 5808:) 5561:e 5554:t 5547:v 5338:. 5325:. 5323:. 5302:. 5300:. 5279:. 5277:. 5256:. 5254:. 5226:. 5224:. 5196:. 5183:. 5181:. 5157:. 5142:. 5129:. 5127:. 5104:. 5102:. 5081:. 5079:. 5058:. 5056:. 4579:. 4353:. 4349:, 4202:. 3312:. 2984:. 2790:- 1577:. 1426:( 1187:— 1009:( 385:( 239:( 79:( 64:( 23:.

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Index