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613:(Nationalist) government, which had been demanding immediate revisions to or a cessation of the treaty system in place between the two countries. Whereas Washington wished to make concessions to the Nationalist government, MacMurray favored the enforcement of existing treaties. These differences of opinion led him to resign in November 1929, whereupon he became a professor of International Relations at
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he was "rather academic", and may have lacked confidence in himself. "I imagine that he allows himself very little freedom of action and refers to
Washington on every possible occasion," wrote Macleay. Another British diplomat, Sir Miles W. Lampson, recorded MacMurray's complaints that Washington allowed him little initiative, and seldom adopted his proposals.
582:. He had been offered a post as Minister to Siam in 1913, but declined in order to pursue the position in Peking. He again returned to the State Department in 1919 to serve as Chief of Division for Far Eastern Affairs from 1919 to 1924. During that time, MacMurray was involved as an observer to negotiations between China and Japan concerning the status of the
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with the
British delegation described him as friendly and agreeable, and relatively unburdened by the preconceived ideas and sentimentality towards China that afflicted several of his predecessors. Macleay noted that MacMurray could express himself well and forcefully in diplomatic meetings, but that
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government. He resigned the position in 1929 and briefly left the foreign service. Following several years in academia, MacMurray returned to the State
Department to become Minister to Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania from 1933 to 1936. He later served as ambassador to Turkey from 1936 to 1941, and then
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To oppose the
Japanese domination of China and actively take all available means and occasions to frustrate it ... would, if pursued consistently and determinedly, almost inevitably mean war with Japan ... Such a war would be a major misfortune for us, even assuming our victory ... It
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In 1935, MacMurray was commissioned to write a memorandum on the conflict between China and Japan. In it, he suggested that the United States, China, and Great
Britain were partly to blame for Japan's invasion of China, and argued that unless the United States stopped opposing Japanese domination of
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According to Arthur
Waldron, MacMurray found that China in particular "systematically flouted the legal framework that alone guaranteed her international position, and by so doing invited Japan's wrath." MacMurray believed that the United States should have valued Japan's efforts to comply with the
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In 1933, MacMurray returned to the foreign service. On
September 9 of that year, he was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania—a position he held until 1936. From 1936 to 1941, MacMurray served as Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in
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in 1931, the "Japanese
Government ... was endeavoring in unimpeachable good faith to live up to its undertakings", wrote MacMurray. "The issue of success or failure for the policies evolved at the Washington Conference was actually in the hands of China herself, of Great Britain, and of the
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Throughout his diplomatic tours in China, MacMurray captured thousands of photographs and recorded hours of footage of everyday life. A collection consisting of more than 1,600 of MacMurray's photographs taken in rural China between 1913 and 1917 is held by the
Princeton University library.
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Following his admission to the New York Bar, MacMurray sought a career in government. A letter of commendation from
Woodrow Wilson helped MacMurray secure an opportunity to take the foreign service examination. In 1907, he was appointed as Consul-General and Secretary of Legation in
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experts in the U.S. government. He served as Assistant Secretary of State from November 1924 to May 1925, and was subsequently appointed Minister to China in 1925. Although MacMurray had coveted the China post, he soon fell into disagreement with the
744:, and a former advisor to the government of the Republic of China. Goodnow had been one of MacMurray's professors at Columbia University. The couple had three children: Joan Goodnow MacMurray, Frank Goodnow MacMurray, and Lois Van Antwerp MacMurray.
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would be a hideously long and costly process ... Even the elimination of Japan, if it were possible, would be no blessing to the Far East or to the world. It would merely create a new set of stresses, and substitute for Japan the
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MacMurray's classified memorandum was immediately shelved by the State Department. Following the Second World War, it was available only in select archives. In 1992, the memorandum was published for first time with an introduction by
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Upon returning to Washington in 1911, MacMurray was made chief of the Division of Near Eastern Affairs, a position he held until 1913. He then had several appointments in East Asia: from 1913 to 1917, he was secretary of Legation in
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treaty agreements, and suggested that the United States should accept Japanese aggression against China, rather than aligning ever more closely with China. Barring that, he wrote, an American war with Japan was likely:
522:, encouraged him to pursue a career in academia, noting his aptitude for language and literature. MacMurray was also said to display an independent nature, declining to participate in eating clubs or attend chapel.
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as the successor of Imperial Russia as a contestant (and at least an equally unscrupulous and dangerous one) for mastery of the East. Nobody except perhaps Russia would gain from our victory in such a war.
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724:. During the civil war in 1928, however, rogue brigands and soldiers had made travel difficult in the region. To secure passage between Kalgan and Changpeh, MacMurray enlisted the aid of local warlord
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Howard H. Quint and Robert H. Ferrell (eds), "The Talkative President: Calvin Coolidge", (Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1964), ASIN: B0006BM8AS, pp. 257-258.
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In 1892, at the age of eleven, MacMurray attended his father's boarding school near Princeton, New Jersey. Later, while he was attending the nearby
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MacMurray briefly served as Assistant Secretary of State from 1924 to 1925. In 1925, he was appointed Minister to China under President
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Turkey. He returned to Washington in 1942 and worked as a special assistant to the Secretary of State until his retirement in 1944.
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to Junius Wilson MacMurray and Henrietta MacMurray (née Van Antwerp). His father was a career soldier, serving as a captain in the
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in 1906. He concurrently pursued a master of arts degree in Elizabethan drama at Princeton University, which he received in 1907.
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Charles Gallenkamp, "Dragon Hunter: Roy Chapman Andrews and the Central Asiatic Expeditions", (New York, NY: Viking, 2001),
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during the American Civil War, and later joining the regular army. MacMurray's father also taught military tactics at the
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449:(October 6, 1881 – September 25, 1960) was an American attorney, author and diplomat best known as one of the leading
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motion picture camera, MacMurray began making amateur films of life and travels in China, such as his trips to the
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Soon after arriving in China, MacMurray fell into disagreement with Washington over U.S. policy towards the ruling
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The book was a compilation of all treaties and agreements with China from 1894 to 1919, and was published by the
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898:"Capturing China, 1913–1929: Photographs, Films, and Letters of American Diplomat John Van Antwerp MacMurray"
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In 1935, as tensions in East Asia were mounting, the Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian Affairs,
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How the Peace was Lost: The 1935 Memorandum, Developments Affecting American Policy in the Far East
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867:, Vol. 1, No. 3, Supplement: Official Documents (July 1907), p. 344. Accessed 01-15-2013.
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Treaties and Agreements with and Concerning China, 1894-1919: Manchu period (1894-1911)
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was made a special assistant to the Secretary of State until his retirement in 1944.
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body from its original burial place in Peking to a new mausoleum in
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825:", Arthur Waldron (ed.), (Stanford, CA: Hoover Press, 1992),
617:. In 1930, he became the first director of that university's
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In 1916, MacMurray married Lois R. Goodnow, the daughter of
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China, a war between the two powers was likely. Japan later
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John Van Antwerp MacMurray as Assistant Secretary of State
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1066:"Exhibition Features Diplomat's Photos from Rural China"
973:"MacMurray Explains Mission of Walter Hines Page School"
904:, 13, no. 1 (2008), pp. xviii-6. Accessed 01-15-2013.
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Trip to attend the re-interment of Sun Yat-sen, 1929
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Walter Hines Page School of International Relations
994:Department History > John Van Antwerp MacMurray
588:Treaties and Agreements with and Concerning China.
514:. After graduating in 1898, MacMurray enrolled at
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275:July 15, 1925 – November 22, 1929
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752:MacMurray died in September 1960, in
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562:. There he worked under ambassador
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821:John Van Antwerp MacMurray, "
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16:American diplomat (1881–1960)
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1007:"Personal and Miscellaneous"
56:United States Ambassador to
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2005:Chiefs of the U.S. Liaison
1997:People's Republic of China
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992:U.S. Department of State,
668:historian Arthur Waldron.
666:University of Pennsylvania
564:William Woodville Rockhill
518:. The school's president,
447:John Van Antwerp MacMurray
260:United States Minister to
211:United States Minister to
162:United States Minister to
111:United States Minister to
44:MacMurray in November 1924
32:John Van Antwerp MacMurray
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19:For other uses, see
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1144:. Retrieved
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473:World War II
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374:(1960-09-25)
326:
307:Succeeded by
270:
250:Succeeded by
221:
201:Succeeded by
172:
150:Succeeded by
121:
99:Succeeded by
66:
25:
2148:1960 deaths
2143:1881 births
1615:Satterfield
1600:Ricciardone
1051:MacMurray,
1038:MacMurray,
1025:MacMurray,
876:MacMurray,
847:MacMurray,
722:Gobi desert
485:Schenectady
383:Connecticut
358:Schenectady
295:Preceded by
240:Preceded by
191:Preceded by
140:Preceded by
87:Preceded by
2137:Categories
2120:See also:
2007:Office in
1980:McConaughy
1780:Burlingame
1560:Abramowitz
1490:Steinhardt
1436:Morgenthau
1345:Longstreet
1195:1936–1941
1146:October 8,
1029:, pp. 1-2.
772:References
748:Later life
690:Cine-Kodak
611:Kuomintang
493:Union Army
479:Early life
460:Kuomintang
433:Occupation
352:1881-10-06
1965:Drumright
1888:MacMurray
1500:Wadsworth
1485:MacMurray
1141:0362-4331
405:Education
327:In office
280:President
271:In office
231:President
222:In office
182:President
173:In office
131:President
122:In office
113:Lithuania
76:President
67:In office
2105:Branstad
2090:Huntsman
2050:Woodcock
2032:Woodcock
1883:Schurman
1825:Rockhill
1742:Marshall
1570:Grossman
1540:Macomber
1515:F Warren
1510:A Warren
1475:Sherrill
1431:Rockhill
1421:Leishman
1403:Leishman
1383:Thompson
1330:MacVeagh
1320:Williams
1069:Archived
1042:, p. 68.
880:, p. 12.
851:, p. 10.
801:Archived
714:Changpeh
489:New York
436:Diplomat
397:Children
362:New York
2080:Prueher
2009:Beijing
1911:Johnson
1893:Johnson
1873:Reinsch
1868:Calhoun
1850:Nanjing
1846:Beijing
1830:Calhoun
1718:Everett
1713:(Envoy)
1710:Cushing
1595:Jeffrey
1585:Edelman
1580:Pearson
1565:Barkley
1535:Handley
1480:Skinner
1388:Terrell
1363:Wallace
1340:Maynard
1166:at the
977:The Sun
833:, p. 9.
706:Nanking
552:Bangkok
379:Norfolk
350: (
164:Estonia
2100:Baucus
2075:Sasser
2065:Lilley
2055:Hummel
1975:Wright
1960:Rankin
1942:Taipei
1926:Stuart
1921:Hurley
1820:Conger
1805:Angell
1800:Seward
1785:Browne
1752:Parker
1747:McLane
1729:Parker
1590:Wilson
1575:Parris
1545:Spiers
1505:McGhee
1495:Wilson
1426:Straus
1398:Straus
1393:Angell
1378:Hirsch
1373:Straus
1325:Morris
1315:Spence
1300:Porter
1284:Porter
1279:Erving
1139:
1114:
829:
732:Family
710:Kalgan
576:Peking
537:Career
389:Spouse
213:Latvia
58:Turkey
2110:Burns
2095:Locke
2085:Randt
2027:Gates
2017:Bruce
1985:Unger
1916:Gauss
1878:Crane
1815:Denby
1810:Young
1795:Avery
1723:Davis
1620:Flake
1605:Baily
1550:Spain
1530:Komer
1441:Elkus
1335:Boker
1310:Marsh
760:Works
716:with
580:Tokyo
451:China
426:LL.B.
262:China
2060:Lord
2022:Bush
1970:Kirk
1775:Ward
1770:Reed
1610:Bass
1525:Hart
1520:Hare
1470:Grew
1305:Carr
1148:2019
1137:ISSN
1112:ISBN
827:ISBN
657:USSR
556:Siam
499:and
417:M.A.
413:B.A.
369:Died
345:Born
54:9th
2070:Roy
1790:Low
1368:Cox
2139::
1131:.
1018:^
1009:,
985:^
975:.
958:,
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779:^
756:.
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554:,
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381:,
360:,
1944:)
1940:(
1852:)
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424:(
419:)
411:(
400:3
354:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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