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He proposed a system of regular formal consultative meetings between workers and employers, known to this day as "Whitley councils". These would be empowered to cover any issue related to pay and conditions of service, and to take matters through to arbitration if necessary. This was a strong model
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Whitley councils may be organised in a hierarchical manner, reflecting the structure of the employing organisation. For example, within the UK civil service, Whitley councils exist at local, workplace level, then at departmental level and ultimately at national level. In other institutions a
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General objectives and functions – generally to "seek co-operation and agreement" on any matters appropriate to the level of jurisdiction of the committee, including, for example, pay, conditions of service, training, equality of opportunity, staff ideas, office accommodation, machinery,
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Functional
Whitley councils were established in the NHS in 1948 to negotiate pay. In addition there was a Nurses and Midwives Whitley Council for Great Britain which negotiated conditions of service. It had 64 members, 41 for the staff side and 23 for the management side. The
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rates, terms and conditions in a specific industry. There were dozens of JICs, one for each industry. Most JICs were established between the 1920s and the 1940s. The larger JICs also had regional councils throughout the country and some industries had separate JICs for
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established in the United
Kingdom and elsewhere. It is a workplace partnership, an institution that serves for a forum of consultation between employees and employers. Councils were established from 1919. They typically worked to determine
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Membership – the composition of each side may be defined and limited in number, though it is normal that each side is responsible for deciding its membership. Often, either side may co-opt members to speak on specific areas of
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However, the councils failed to gain ground in coal, cotton, engineering and other heavy industries, but succeeded only in the sphere of government employment where they remain a major feature of
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commissioned Henry Parris, then of Durham
University, to write a history of Whitleyism, published in 1973, to mark the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the National Whitley Council.
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and a representative of the staff side nominated as vice-chair. Each side may have a secretary who may or may not be a full member of the council. In the UK, Whitley councils at
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Finance and facilities – typically each side is responsible for its own expenses. The employer normally provides reasonable paid time to prepare for and attend meetings.
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The intention was to establish
Whitley councils in the private sector, in particular in those industries most affected by the strike wave – to offset the demand for '
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Whitley councils comprise employee representatives, often referred to as the "staff side" and employer representatives, also known as the "official side".
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Committees – the main committee may delegate responsibility to sub-committees e.g. to cover matters relating to pay and conditions of service,
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Decisions – sometimes a constitution will contain an explicit directive that decisions taken will be executed within a reasonable time frame.
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covering all NHS staff, except doctors and dentists, and a few other NHS workers who negotiated directly with the health departments.
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90:. The smooth running of industry was vital to the war effort so maintaining good industrial relations was a priority.
321:
Frankel, S. J. (1956). "Staff
Relations in the Canadian Federal Public Service: Experience with Joint Consultation".
199:– covering responsibility for drafting, agreeing, distributing and publishing minutes and the time scales for these.
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Parris, Henry. "Staff
Relations in the Civil Service: Fifty Years of Whitleyism". George Allen & Unwin, 1973,
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515:. University of Illinois studies in the social sciences; v. 10, no. 3-4. pp. 414–28.
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Disputes – sometimes the informal and formal stages of dispute resolution are specified.
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which was to influence industrial relations in Canada, Australia and elsewhere.
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Amendment – the manner in which amendments to the constitution can be made.
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377:"The Lloyd George Papers – Whitley Report and Civil Service LG/F/186/2/4"
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The State and
Industrial Relations: 'Collective Laissez-Faire' Revisited
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geographic hierarchy (local, area, regional, national) may be followed.
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264:, replacement system in NHS which came into effect on 1 December 2004.
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Officers – the senior executive of the official side is usually the
467:"Constitution for Crown Prosecution Service – Area Whitley Council"
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439:"MoD Personnel Manual, Annex B 1-3: Whitley Council Constitutions"
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527:. 5 Historical Studies in Industrial Relations 1. p. 31.
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was appointed to chair a committee, which soon produced a
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and government, is a statutory council of employers and
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The
Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science
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The
Whitley council system was reviewed in detail by
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In 1979 there were eight functional councils in the
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80:Report on the Relations of Employers and Employees
512:Workmen's representation in industrial government
154:organisation, processes, procedures and policies.
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145:Whitley councils usually have a formally agreed
234:National Union of General and Municipal Workers
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379:. London: Parliamentary Archive. 1916–1922.
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86:and the widespread protest action against
283:"The Whitley system in the civil service"
230:Confederation of Health Service Employees
189:Meetings – frequency, location, agenda,
120:Royal Institute of Public Administration
82:in the wake of the establishment of the
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404:Royal Commission on the NHS Chapter 12
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493:A History of the Nursing Profession
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226:National Union of Public Employees
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495:. London: Heinemann. p. 193.
26:national joint industrial council
365:. 12 September 1919. p. 6.
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573:Labor relations organizations
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281:Macrae-Gibson, J. H. (1922).
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74:During World War I, in 1917,
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232:each had four seats and the
169:level may be chaired by the
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542:"Industrial Councils"
509:Miller, Earl Joyce (1924).
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149:. This typically includes:
36:in some fields, especially
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491:Abel-Smith, Brian (1960).
568:United Kingdom labour law
471:Crown Prosecution Service
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238:Royal College of Nursing
18:joint industrial council
548:Encyclopædia Britannica
539:Wilson, Robert (1922).
357:"First Whitley Council"
245:National Health Service
219:National Health Service
167:government departmental
302:Cite journal requires
84:Shop Stewards Movement
66:had its own councils.
113:industrial relations
446:Ministry of Defence
407:. HMSO. July 1979.
171:permanent secretary
103:Russian revolution
76:John Henry Whitley
262:Agenda for Change
178:health and safety
52:England and Wales
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38:white-collar
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158:specialism.
64:Isle of Man
562:Categories
503:References
414:0101761503
133:Membership
70:Background
362:The Argus
129:in 1976.
523:(1998).
251:See also
228:and the
88:dilution
56:Scotland
197:Minutes
420:19 May
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343:138711
341:
191:quorum
180:, etc.
62:. The
442:(PDF)
339:JSTOR
269:Notes
163:chair
24:) or
478:2010
453:2010
422:2015
409:ISBN
308:help
193:etc.
118:The
58:and
47:wage
30:NJIC
331:doi
22:JIC
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