437:
230:
33:
74:(whence it gets its name) and along the Greensand Ridge above the Weald of Kent. Ragstone occurs in bands between 15 cm and 60 cm thick, alternating with bands of a loose material called hassock. These bands are of similar thickness and the difference in colour between them gives quarry faces a striped appearance. When the stone is extracted from the quarry, it appears to be of a grey green or blue grey colour but later weathers to an autumnal hue which, together with its hard-wearing properties, traditionally made it an attractive material for public building works.
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488:. The quarry is within the 'Boughton Group' of the ragstone. Although abandoned, there is still some evidence of quarry working, such as a central over-burden roadway, overburden and spoil dumps. The rock face is a good example of ragstone and hassock layering together with others less common features resulting from cambering towards Loose Valley, such as jointing, faulting and gulls.
449:
chairman
Richard King said that "local residents and environmental groups have argued that the loss of irreplaceable ancient woodland and impact on the local wildlife site is unacceptable. On balance, however, members felt the job prospects and the economic need for ragstone to support construction in the county in future, and benefits of the project, outweighed these objections."
309:
the ragstone is considered to be of a lesser quality than that found in
Gallagher's Hermitage Quarry and is only used to meet low-level demand for low grade aggregate. As part of a requirement to restore areas after extraction, the quarry is infilled with hassock. Part of the site comprises a composting facility of about 6.74 hectares on the floor of the disused quarry.
178:. The building of Westminster Abbey in the 1240s required large quantities of ragstone with the result that local supplies were commandeered for that purpose: a royal command decreed that "no Kentish ragstone shall be carted to London for any other purpose until the Abbey is built". Another use for ragstone was to make cannonballs: in 1419
226:
of building stone. If ragstone cannot be obtained locally, historic buildings such as
Rochester Castle, the Archbishop's Palace in Maidstone or the city walls at Canterbury will have to be repaired with stone imported from abroad or elsewhere in the UK, making it difficult to blend in repairs with a traditional Kentish ragstone appearance.
339:
1720s farming had come to predominate in the area as hops, fruit and corn were grown for sale locally and in London. Although the decline of quarrying in the area can be traced to this time, with larger quarries opening elsewhere, the extraction of ragstone from these quarries continued until the 1930s.
359:
Many ragstone quarries have been abandoned and backfilled once exhausted. When Ditton Quarry closed down in 1984, quarrying operations had left behind a legacy of a lime-rich soil which formed the foundation of a thriving habitat for plants and wildlife; 140 wild flowers (including five that are rare
504:
This quarry originated as a source of supply of aggregate to the road-building and construction industries, and has been used as a landfill site since the early 1980s. It is located south-west of the village and access is gained along the Teston Road. Like
Borough Green (Stangate) Quarry, this site
457:
The barred entrance to the disused mines can be found in woods in a shallow valley near the village. Dating from the 17th century, they produced stone for buildings such as
Westerham Church. At least four different faces were worked although evidence of other workings is concealed by roof falls. The
342:
The area is also remembered for the so-called "Battle of
Boughton Quarry". In October 1830, following crop failures and political unrest, a mob of 500-600 men gathered in the quarries with the intention of marching on Maidstone. They were met by a small military force led by five magistrates and the
513:
This disused and partly overgrown quarry is in 26 hectares of ancient mixed woodland located near West
Farleigh. It provides an important site for the study of cambering (slope movement). Ragstone and hassock layers are well exposed, and the rocks are the same as those in which the fossil remains
308:
Following the departure of Hanson from
Allington, the Blaise Farm Quarry opened in 2001. Hanson withdrew in 2005 and the quarry was taken over by Gallagher Aggregates Limited. Although the site is 116 hectares with permission for quarrying 57 million tonnes of ragstone over 62 years, the quality of
225:
Ragstone is important for repairing historic buildings to ensure that the repairs blend in with the original building. The
Hermitage Quarry is the only supplier of Kentish Ragstone building stone in Kent. Blaise Farm is excavated mainly for aggregate, and is not regarded as being a realistic source
118:
underground station. It is possible that ragstone quarrying contributed to the rise of a small town in the
Maidstone area in Roman times. Two villas in the locality had links with the quarrying and a settlement could have grown up for those working in the quarrying and shipping industries, as well
427:
This disused quarry is now the site of the Quarry Wood shopping centre and industrial estate in Aylesford. An old quarry face on the eastern side of the estate is visible and shows the characteristic alternate layers of ragstone and Hassock. It is an important geological site because it allows for
264:
Allington was an attractive site for ragstone quarrying on account of its geology and close proximity to the River Medway which allowed quarried stone to be easily transported by boat to London. There is evidence of quarrying in the area since 1174 with the construction of Allington Castle in 1174
338:
Boughton Monchelsea was an agricultural settlement with several ragstone quarries which had been worked since Roman times, making use of the river Medway to keep London supplied with building stone. Maidstone architect, John Whichcord, regarded them as “the best ragstone quarries in Kent”. By the
329:
Quarrying began at Basted Quarry, moved north through Isles Quarry East, crossed Thong Lan and travelled south as Isles Quarry West, landfilled in the 50s with mixed waste. Quarrying continued south across Mill Lane to become Stangate Quarry. Once the ragstone had been exhausted, the quarry—then
221:
Only two ragstone quarries are operational in Kent, Hermitage Quarry in Barming and Blaise Farm near King's Hill. Hermitage Quarry continues to meet the traditional demand for building stone for use in modern buildings. Modern demand is busy and diverse, however, with about 60 different products
448:
In 2011 Gallagher Aggregates applied to extend the Hermitage Quarry into Oaken Wood in the parish of Ditton. The planning committee of Kent County Council granted permission for quarrying in part of the woodland. The decision was confirmed on appeal to the Secretary of State. Planning committee
466:
This is one of two ragstone outcrops that can be found in Maidstone town, and is valuable as an educational site for the earth sciences. At five to seven metres high the vertical face reveals alternating layers of well-cemented, glauconitic shelly limestone (ragstone) and softer weathering,
444:
Quarrying for ragstone is still an important local industry. Gallagher Aggregates Limited operate the Hermitage Quarry, which is situated 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) to the south of Ditton village. About 50 employees work in the quarry and another 60 on subsidiary functions. In 2011, it was
458:
stone was transported on sledges with a gauge of 14.5ins. Parts of the mine have been backfilled because, it is believed, at times when the price of stone dropped only the best quality stone was excavated, with the poor quality material being stacked in the mine for convenience.
445:
estimated that at current production levels there was only enough ragstone left in the quarry for another four years' quarrying, with the result that new sources of production were sought. Ragstone in an important material the construction industry for roads and buildings.
222:
being required for use in the ready mix concrete, road building and engineering industries. Block stone is used for the construction of walls and repairs to historical buildings. Larger stone is used for the construction of seawalls and barriers against coastal erosion.
343:
mayor of Maidstone. The magistrates demanded their dispersal and the ringleaders were seized. When the cavalry appeared, the crowd quickly disappeared. Disturbances continued for the next two years with sporadic incidents of arson and machine breaking.
272:
In 2001 owners Hanson Aggregates decided to close the site and relocate to the quarry at Blaise Farm, near Offham, which was estimated to have reserves of 35 million tonnes. Among the last pieces of stone extracted from the quarry were some given to
265:
and the Allington quarry had certainly existed since the 1790s. In the region of 20 million tonnes of stone were extracted from the quarry for use in local buildings, roads and railways, most recently to build the
256:
is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) as the result of interesting geological features uncovered as a result of quarrying. Once sand and ragstone quarrying had ceased, the quarry became the site of the
194:
Ragstone acquired its name from the quarrymen who so named it because it would break along ragged edges. Because the rock is bedded between layers of hassock, the phrase ‘rag and hassock’ arose. In 1834 a fossil
483:
Work at the quarry ceased in the 1940s and the site is currently owned by Loose Scouts Group. Ragstone from the quarry was used for local buildings and also in the construction of the Loose Viaduct in 1830 by
190:
led to many churches in south-east East England being built of ragstone. Ragstone was – and still is - also used in roads, and modern quarrying methods allow a wide range of products to be supplied today.
325:
Both sand and ragstone were extracted from this quarry, with some material being used to build Aylesford station in 1856. The railway ran to the quarry where horse-drawn carts delivered rocks to wagons.
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1151:
387:. Several features make this a unique location for the study of rock formations. Visitors can examine the extensively exposed rock faces, primarily Kentish Ragstone and Hassock
809:
728:
297:
in 1834. Explosives were regularly used to uncover fresh sources of ragstone but, on this occasion, bones were exposed and preserved by the quarry owner, William Bensted.
110:. A Roman ship discovered at Blackfriars had a cargo of Kentish ragstone, probably from Maidstone, on board. Examples of Roman uses include the Roman walled cemetery at
66:
Ragstone occurs in a geological formation known in the Hythe Beds of the Lower Greensand, a layer of limestones running from Kent into Surrey which was laid down in the
300:
The quarry closed in 1872 and the quarry faces are no longer visible, having been built over in the 1970s. The Iguanodon is today depicted in Maidstone's Coat-of-Arms.
293:
In the nineteenth century, this quarry was an important source of ragstone but the site is most famous for Gideon Mantell’s discovery of the fossilised bones of an
695:
1498:
360:
in Kent), 18 butterfly species, and 50 bird species have been recorded. It is also home to foxes, rabbits, frogs, toads and newts. The quarry is now a
572:
1130:
505:
was once operated by ARC with trucks bringing domestic, commercial, industrial and inert waste from London to infill the excavated quarry floor.
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The quarry is also a prime location for geological research and provides opportunities for field studies in a variety of disciplines:
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ordered 7000 of these from Maidstone quarries. Most of Kent’s medieval parish churches were built of ragstone and although in
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58:
known as the Hythe Beds of the Lower Greensand. For millennia it has been quarried for use both locally and further afield.
1406:
1356:
1276:
94:, ragstone has been used in roughly squared blocks for building walls. The stone was almost certainly quarried at the
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1533:
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known as the ARC (Amalgamated Roadstone Corporation) Stangate Landfill Site—became a landfill site for London waste.
201:
from a ragstone quarry (Bensted’s Quarry, later renamed Iguanodon Quarry) was recorded by the famous palaeontologist
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17:
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229:
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of an Iguanodon fossil were discovered at Bensted's Quarry, Maidstone. Today it is part of a Nature Reserve.
274:
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847:
1554:
1247:"A report by Head of Planning Applications Group to Planning Applications Committee on 10 May 2011"
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32:
205:. By the 1940s over a dozen Kentish quarries were producing ragstone for roads and for buildings.
1549:
811:
Mrs Sarah Anderson (ID: 485147), Diocese of Rochester DAC, Representations on Issues Consultation
186:
stone buildings went out of fashion in favour of brick, the demand for Gothic-style buildings in
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8:
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and the Holy Cross churches in Maidstone. Other examples in Kent include the keep at
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in Beckenham, Kent, for the construction of stone seating circles at the school.
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86:, it was inevitable that the only significant source of hard limestone – Kentish
485:
468:
321:
Stangate Quarry, Borough Green, in the 1970s just before quarrying was stopped.
202:
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profiling of the rock beds in relation to changes in sea level and climate.
1475:
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103:
938:
1277:"Government approves application to extend Hermitage Quarry in Maidstone"
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are also present. The quarry could be important for future research via
1223:
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constructed a large number of public buildings using ragstone, such as
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43:
924:
Topography of Maidstone and its environs, and directory.of Maidstone
351:
233:
Yellow Flemish brick (top) contrasted with Kentish ragstone (bottom)
217:
A new housing development in Maidstone, built using Kentish Ragstone
408:
391:, and study changes in vertical and lateral facies. The facies are
317:
87:
131:
51:
1117:
1115:
634:"Windows and Doorways in English Secular Architecture, 700-1700"
496:
1528:
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lateral variation in the rag and hassock facies to be studied.
388:
107:
1385:
Laker House Quarry face, Canning Street, Maidstone (TQ 761569)
462:
Laker House Quarry face, Canning Street, Maidstone (TQ 761569)
280:
1112:
355:
Exposed ragstone and hassock rock face at Ditton Court Quarry
95:
47:
70:. It outcrops in various places, notably at the cliffs of
1011:
Planning Proposal to Tonbridge and Malling Council (TMBC)
431:
90:– would be used in building from an early period. Since
478:
452:
1299:"Oaken Wood quarry plan approved by Kent councillors"
82:
With hard rock for building being in short supply in
1129:, Boughton Monchelsea Parish Council, archived from
395:
with some horizons of silicification. Shell debris (
119:
as for those engaged in providing services to them.
508:
1480:, Kent Regionally Important Geological Sites Group
1434:, Kent Regionally Important Geological Sites Group
1388:, Kent Regionally Important Geological Sites Group
1228:, Kent Regionally Important Geological Sites Group
991:, Kent Regionally Important Geological Sites Group
943:, Kent Regionally Important Geological Sites Group
881:, The Aggregates and Recycling Information Network
640:, extraordinary book of doors 2001, archived from
208:
1361:, Kent Underground Research Group, archived from
1037:, Borough Green Community Website, archived from
303:
1541:
1203:Kent Regionally Important Geological Sites Group
729:"The Cornerstone in British building materials."
849:Plant Portrait: Allington Quarry, Great Britain
422:
333:
962:"Investment, technology and a local workforce"
573:"Investment, technology and a local workforce"
500:Loading ragstone at Offham Quarry in the 1970s
1477:West Farleigh Quarry, Quarry Wood (TQ 721520)
664:Conservation of building and decorative stone
602:"Kentish Ragstone Coursed Split Face Walling"
697:Maidstone Centre Conservation Area Appraisal
661:
1161:, Maidstone Borough Council, archived from
940:Bensted's (or Iguanodon) Quarry (TQ 747558)
703:, Maidstone Borough Council, archived from
281:Bensted's (or Iguanodon) Quarry (TQ 747558)
1331:, R.C.Combley. Oxford 2010, archived from
901:Bensted's 'Iguanodon Diary' (Dino Diaries)
579:, Gallagher Aggregates Ltd, archived from
259:Allington Quarry Waste Management Facility
787:, Bearsted Woodland Trust, archived from
102:, and then transported by boat along the
495:
467:glauconitic calcareous sand (hassock).
435:
350:
316:
284:
228:
212:
121:
31:
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14:
1542:
1274:
432:Hermitage Quarry, Barming & Ditton
362:Site of Nature Conservation Importance
346:
1503:, Kent Wildlife Trust, archived from
1431:Loose Quarry, Quarry Wood (TQ 763518)
871:
869:
814:, Kent County Council, archived from
735:, The Gallagher Group, archived from
567:
565:
563:
561:
479:Loose Quarry, Quarry Wood (TQ 763518)
237:
628:
626:
27:Hard grey limestone in Kent, England
1316:
453:Hosey Common, Westerham (TQ 454532)
242:
24:
1152:"Boughton Monchelsea The Quarries"
866:
775:
558:
25:
1566:
1521:
623:
1527:
509:West Farleigh Quarry (TQ 721520)
491:
1491:
1468:
1445:
1422:
1399:
1376:
1349:
1291:
1268:
1239:
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1179:
1144:
1123:"Boughton Monchelsea Time Line"
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364:(SNCI). Public access is free.
209:Modern uses of Kentish ragstone
1188:, Ditton Gazette, Spring 2009.
988:Blaise Farm Quarry (TQ 662562)
750:
721:
688:
655:
594:
535:
304:Blaise Farm Quarry (TQ 662562)
172:Archbishop's Palace, Maidstone
126:Archbishop's Palace, Maidstone
13:
1:
1275:Graham, Mary (13 July 2013).
878:End of an era for Kent quarry
529:
1408:Cambering and valley bulging
1225:Hay's Depot Yard (TQ 726574)
1186:Ditton Quarry Nature Reserve
544:A Synopsis of Kent's Geology
423:Hay's Depot Yard (TQ 726574)
334:Boughton Monchelsea Quarries
275:Langley Park School for Boys
114:and the old Roman wall near
7:
1411:, British Geological Survey
1159:Conservation Area Appraisal
784:The Geology of the BWT Land
638:extraordinary book of doors
517:
10:
1571:
968:, Gallagher Aggregates Ltd
524:List of types of limestone
246:
77:
61:
1303:BBC Kent News 11 May 2011
547:, Kent Geologists' Group
267:Channel Tunnel Rail Link
608:, Lambs, archived from
150:, and churches such as
1325:Hosey Caves, Westerham
501:
441:
385:industrial archaeology
356:
322:
290:
234:
218:
127:
36:
1457:, Kent County Council
1454:Planning Applications
1256:. Kent County Council
1199:"Ditton Court Quarry"
1101:, Mike Taylor Haulage
662:John Ashurst (1990),
499:
439:
354:
320:
288:
232:
216:
125:
35:
1536:at Wikimedia Commons
1365:on 28 September 2011
1133:on 28 September 2011
313:Borough Green Quarry
347:Ditton Court Quarry
56:geological sequence
1305:, BBC, 10 May 2011
1279:. Kentonline.co.uk
927:. 1839. p. 4.
758:"Kentish Ragstone"
502:
442:
357:
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291:
289:Goodrich Iguanodon
238:Mines and quarries
235:
219:
142:, castles such as
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84:south-east England
37:
1532:Media related to
1507:on 1 October 2011
1338:on 8 October 2011
1168:on 2 October 2011
1041:on 29 August 2011
762:Domesday Reloaded
710:on 2 October 2011
606:Product Catalogue
136:Westminster Abbey
68:Cretaceous period
54:, drawn from the
16:(Redirected from
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1534:Kentish ragstone
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966:Kentish ragstone
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836:Allington Quarry
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818:on 27 March 2012
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791:on 27 March 2012
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739:on 25 April 2011
733:Kentish ragstone
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583:on 2 August 2017
577:Kentish ragstone
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440:Hermitage Quarry
254:Allington Quarry
249:Allington Quarry
243:Allington Quarry
176:Maidstone Prison
40:Kentish ragstone
21:
18:Kentish Ragstone
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1555:Geology of Kent
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1358:Limestone Mines
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1060:"Isles History"
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188:Victorian times
140:Tower of London
130:From 1066, the
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42:is a hard grey
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1034:Potted History
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486:Thomas Telford
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469:Silicification
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492:Offham Quarry
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377:palaeontology
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369:sedimentology
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19:
1509:, retrieved
1505:the original
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1357:
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1333:the original
1324:
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1302:
1293:
1281:. Retrieved
1270:
1258:. Retrieved
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1230:, retrieved
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1207:, retrieved
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1170:, retrieved
1163:the original
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1131:the original
1126:
1103:, retrieved
1097:
1091:
1080:, retrieved
1075:West Malling
1074:
1068:
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1027:
1016:, retrieved
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1004:
993:, retrieved
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981:
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917:
906:, retrieved
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894:
883:, retrieved
877:
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820:, retrieved
816:the original
810:
804:
793:, retrieved
789:the original
783:
777:
766:, retrieved
761:
752:
741:, retrieved
737:the original
732:
723:
712:, retrieved
705:the original
696:
690:
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663:
657:
646:, retrieved
642:the original
637:
614:, retrieved
610:the original
605:
596:
585:, retrieved
581:the original
576:
549:, retrieved
543:
537:
512:
503:
482:
473:bioturbation
465:
456:
447:
443:
426:
413:bioturbation
411:, etc.) and
373:stratigraphy
366:
358:
341:
337:
328:
324:
307:
299:
292:
271:
263:
252:
224:
220:
196:
193:
180:King Henry V
168:Ightham Mote
156:Dover Castle
129:
104:River Medway
98:quarry near
81:
65:
39:
38:
29:
1500:Quarry Wood
1205:, Kent RIGS
393:glauconitic
184:Tudor times
164:Knole House
92:Roman times
72:Hythe, Kent
1544:Categories
530:References
405:nautiloids
401:belemnites
160:Canterbury
152:All Saints
116:Tower Hill
682:15029775M
417:gamma ray
397:ammonites
381:geography
295:Iguanodon
198:Iguanodon
144:Rochester
100:Maidstone
44:limestone
1260:1 August
587:1 August
518:See also
409:bivalves
138:and the
112:Boughton
88:ragstone
1511:21 July
1484:14 July
1461:21 July
1438:14 July
1415:21 July
1392:14 July
1369:20 July
1342:20 July
1309:25 June
1283:17 July
1232:14 July
1209:26 June
1172:20 July
1137:14 July
1105:20 July
1082:20 July
1045:14 July
1018:14 July
995:14 July
972:14 July
947:14 July
908:19 July
885:19 July
859:19 July
822:20 July
795:14 July
768:14 July
743:14 July
714:19 July
648:17 July
616:19 July
551:14 July
132:Normans
78:History
62:Geology
52:England
1014:, TMBC
680:
670:
389:facies
383:, and
170:, the
108:London
1336:(PDF)
1329:(PDF)
1250:(PDF)
1166:(PDF)
1155:(PDF)
1098:Crane
1078:, BBC
904:, BBC
853:(PDF)
764:, BBC
708:(PDF)
701:(PDF)
148:Leeds
96:Tovil
1513:2011
1486:2011
1463:2011
1440:2011
1417:2011
1394:2011
1371:2011
1344:2011
1311:2011
1285:2013
1262:2017
1234:2011
1211:2011
1174:2011
1139:2011
1107:2011
1084:2011
1047:2011
1020:2011
997:2011
974:2011
949:2011
910:2011
887:2011
861:2011
824:2011
797:2011
770:2011
745:2011
716:2011
668:ISBN
650:2011
618:2011
589:2017
553:2011
471:and
269:. .
174:and
146:and
48:Kent
106:to
46:in
1546::
1301:,
1252:.
1201:,
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1125:,
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678:OL
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166:,
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1062:.
20:)
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