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578:
666:
602:
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162:
45:
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590:
3570:, the Amsterdam Bureau. However, this was little more than a very brief interlude and the Amsterdam Bureau never functioned as a leadership body for Western Europe as was originally intended. The Vienna Bureau of the Comintern may also be classified as left communist, but its personnel were not to evolve into either of the two historic currents that made up left communism. Rather, the Vienna Bureau adopted the
5168:
2763:
3420:). More seriously, the KAPD lost most of its support very rapidly as it failed to develop lasting structures. This also contributed to internecine quarrels and the party actually split into two competing tendencies known as the Essen and Berlin tendencies to the historians of the left. The recently established
3601:
is an attack on the ideas of the emerging left communist currents. His main aim was to polemicise with currents moving towards pure revolutionary tactics by showing them that they could remain based on firmly revolutionary principles while utilising a variety of tactics. Therefore, Lenin defended the
3895:
in 1944. The CR and RKD were autonomous and clandestine, but worked closely together with shared politics. As the war ran its course, they evolved in a councilist direction while also identifying more and more with
Luxemburg's work. They also worked with the French Fraction of the Communist Left and
3813:
In France, revived by Marco in
Marseilles, the Italian fraction now worked closely with the new French fraction, which was formally founded in Paris in December 1944. However, in May 1945 the Italian fraction, many of whose members had already returned to Italy, voted to dissolve itself so that its
3777:
and localised wars and so on. These ideas continued to be defended by
Vercesi in Brussels. Gradually, the left fractions adopted positions drawn from German left communism. They abandoned the conception that the Russian state remained in some way proletarian and also dropped Vercesi's conception of
3732:
and the left communists were initially silent too. Despite having foreseen the war more clearly than some other factions, when it began they were overwhelmed. Many were persecuted by either German Nazism or
Italian fascism. Leading militants of the communist left such as Mitchell, who was Jewish,
3609:
occurred at a time when the debate on tactics was still raging within the
Comintern, it has been wrongly seen as being left communist by some commentators. In fact, the left communist currents had no connection with the rebellion, although they did rally to its support when they learned of it. In
3959:
was invented in the early 1970s by French left communists, synthesizing different currents of left communism. It remains influential in libertarian marxist and left communist circles today. Outside of France, various small left communist groups emerged, predominantly in the leading capitalist
4980:
The
International Communist Current, itself a left communist grouping, has produced a series of studies of what it views as its own antecedents. In particular, the book on the Dutch–German current, which is by Philippe Bourrinet (who later left the ICC), contains an exhaustive bibliography.
3793:
The strike at FIAT in
October 1942 had a huge impact on the Italian fraction, which was deepened by the fall of Mussolini's regime in July 1943. The Italian fraction now saw a pre-revolutionary situation opening in Italy and prepared to participate in the coming revolution. In 1943 the
3376:
entailed working in the same organisations as reformist workers. Such work was seen by the KAPD as unhelpful at a time when the revolution was thought to be an imminent event and not merely a goal to be aimed at. This led the members of the KAPD to reject working in the traditional
3371:
When it was founded, the KAPD included some tens of thousands of revolutionaries. However, it had broken up and practically dissolved within a few years. This was because it was founded on the basis of revolutionary optimism and a purism that rejected what became known as frontism.
3827:(GCF) by the French fraction led by Marco. The history of the GCF belongs to the post-war period. Meanwhile, the former members of the French fraction who sympathised with Vercesi and the Internationalist Communist Party formed a new French fraction which published the journal
3389:, so called to distinguish them from the official trade unions, had 80,000 members in 1920 and peaked in 1921 with 200,000 members, after which they declined rapidly. They were also organisationally divided from the beginning, with those unionen linked to the KAPD forming the
3842:
One other development during the war years merits mention at this point. A small grouping of German and
Austrian militants came close to left communist positions in these years. Best known as the Revolutionary Communist Organisation, these young militants were exiles from
3072:
and an emphasis on militancy. Apart from this, there was little in common between the two wings. Only the
Italians accepted the need for electoral work at all for a very short period of time which they later vehemently opposed, attracting criticism from
2934:
Left communism differs from most other forms of
Marxism in believing that communists should not participate in democratic elections, and some argue against participating in trade unions. However, many left communists split over their criticism of the
3954:
The uprisings of May 1968 led to a large resurgence of interest in left communist ideas in France where various groups were formed and published journals regularly until the late 1980s when the interest started to fade. A tendency called
3772:
In 1941, the Italian fraction was reorganised in France and along with the new French Nucleus of the Communist Left came into conflict with the ideas which the fraction had propagated from 1936, namely of the social disappearance of the
3896:
seem to have disintegrated at the end of the war. This disintegration was sped no doubt by the capture of leading militant Karl Fischer, who was sent to the Buchenwald concentration camp where he was to participate in writing the
3764:
and killed. The remaining activists then split into two camps as some turned to Trotskyism forming the Committee of Revolutionary Marxists (CRM) while the majority formed the CommunistenBond-Spartacus. The latter group turned to
3918:
The year 1952 signalled the end of mass influence on the part of Italian left communism as its sole remaining representative, the Internationalist Communist Party, split in two sections: the group led by Bordiga took the name
3333:
can be traced back before World War I since in the Netherlands a revolutionary wing of social democracy had broken from the reformist party even before the war and had built links with German activists. By 1915, the
3851:
in 1938 on the grounds that it was premature. They were refused full delegates' credentials and only admitted to the founding conference of the Youth International on the following day. They then joined
3927:. The Gauche Communiste de France (GCF) dissolved in the same year. Left communists entered a period of almost constant decline from this point onwards, although they were somewhat rejuvenated by the
3610:
later years, the German–Dutch tradition in particular would come to see the suppression of the revolt as the historic turning point in the evolution of the Russian state after October 1917.
4000:
4003:. In addition to the left communist groups in the direct lineage of the Italian and Dutch traditions, a number of groups with similar positions have flourished since 1968, such as the
2899:
viewpoint as opposed to the Italian left which emphasised the need for an international revolutionary party. The Italian current of left communism was historically represented by the
3869:
With the beginning of the war, they took the name Revolutionary Communists of Germany (RKD) and came to define Russia as state capitalist in agreement with Ante Ciliga's book
942:
907:
3873:. At this point, they adopted a revolutionary defeatist position on the war and condemned Trotskyism for its critical defence of Russia (which was seen by Trotskyists as a
3033:
in Russia, but retain a critical view of its development. However, some in the Dutch–German current would in later years come to reject the idea that the revolution had a
4173:
3968:. As a result of these, in 1983 the International Bureau for the Revolutionary Party (later renamed as the Internationalist Communist Tendency) was established by the
3314:
Left communism emerged in both countries together and was always very closely connected. Among the leading theoreticians of the more powerful German movement were
727:
4426:
3402:
3440:(KAPN) in the Netherlands and a group in Russia. The AAUD split on the same lines and it rapidly ceased to exist as a real tendency within the factories.
3803:
3352:
in 1918, a leftist mood could be found among sections of the communist parties of both countries. In Germany, this led directly to the foundation of the
3079:
4266:
3150:
The faction largely died out by the end of 1918, as its leaders accepted that much of their program was unrealistic under the circumstances of the
2943:
criticised the Bolsheviks for use of the party form and emphasised a more autonomous organisation of the working class, without political parties.
2198:
632:
3877:). After the fall of France, they renewed contact with militants in the Trotskyist milieu in Southern France and recruited some of them into the
3408:
The KAPD was unable to reach even its founding congress prior to suffering its first split when the so-called National Bolshevik tendency around
4634:
4307:
1057:
5310:
4673:
4552:
687:
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groups in Germany had disappeared in the maelstrom and the International Communist Group (GIK) in the Netherlands was moribund. The former
3171:
682:
496:
5315:
3753:
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476:
4017:
in France; TPTG and Blaumachen in Greece; Kamunist Kranti in India; and Collective Action Notes and Loren Goldner in the United States.
3942:
argued for "smashing" the existing state apparatus and establishing a "People's Commune of China" based on the democratic ideals of the
3806:, amongst others. By 1945 the party had 5,000 members all over Italy with some supporters in France, Belgium and the US. It published a
3597:
3437:
827:
702:
2950:
has been heavily influential for most left communists, both politically and theoretically. Proponents of left communism have included
3052:
Left communism first came into focus as a distinct movement around 1918. Its essential features were a stress on the need to build a
2805:
3847:
living in France at the start of World War II and were members of the Trotskyist movement but they had opposed the formation of the
3818:. The conference at which this decision was made also refused to recognise the French fraction and expelled Marco from their group.
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In addition, there is a good deal of material published on the Internet in various languages. A useful starting point is the
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506:
5305:
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3589:. The Italian left communists did not at the time accept any of these criticisms and both currents would evolve.
3475:
3421:
3225:
2916:
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62:
27:
4366:"Ante Ciliga, Trotskii, and State Capitalism: Theory, Tactics, and Reevaluation during the Purge Era, 1935–1939"
3682:
3566:, or Comintern. In fact, they controlled the first body formed by the Comintern to coordinate its activities in
3512:
3262:
95:
5034:
5020:
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1005:
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initiated a series of conferences of the communist left to engage those new elements, also attended by the
3664:
3494:
3429:
3335:
3244:
2008:
1888:
1062:
977:
817:
212:
77:
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5403:
3856:'s International Contact Commission for the Fourth (Communist) International and in 1939 were publishing
2516:
2318:
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917:
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737:
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3401:
who opposed the conception of a party in favour of a unitary class organisation being organised as the
3357:
2288:
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elements who "betrayed the proletariat", opposition to all but the most restricted participation in
4480:
4337:
3634:
3464:
3214:
2904:
2791:
2521:
882:
802:
752:
424:
4775:
4446:
1206:
5383:
5070:
4509:
4201:
4088:
4073:
4058:
3909:
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967:
927:
747:
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407:
247:
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55:
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3581:, but did not accept the methods of the Bolsheviks. Many of the Dutch–German tradition adopted
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3034:
2614:
1938:
1344:
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1266:
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486:
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5044:
4724:
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902:
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3728:
Many small currents to the left of the mass communist parties collapsed at the beginning of
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2013:
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and the Italian current. The political positions those traditions share are opposition to
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8:
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551:
217:
187:
182:
2138:
1119:
5388:
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5052:
4725:"Contribution to a history of the workers' movement in Africa (v): May 1968 in Senegal"
4628:
4474:
4400:
4392:
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4068:
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3559:
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912:
772:
207:
4776:"1968 in Germany (Part 1): Behind the protest movement – the search for a new society"
4605:(A revised and expanded edition of Mao's China ed.). New York. pp. 343–344.
2868:, namely the Italian left and the Dutch–German left. The Italian left tends to follow
2218:
5339:
5256:
5221:
5030:
5016:
5002:
4988:
4954:
4942:
4842:
4648:
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4538:
4513:
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4245:
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4157:
4063:
3833:
and was joined at the end of 1945 by the old minority of the fraction who had joined
3766:
3741:
3349:
3315:
3151:
3140:
3116:
3003:
2955:
2940:
2892:
2767:
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2656:
2634:
2363:
2348:
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1918:
1838:
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1504:
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1430:
1359:
1339:
1211:
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1154:
1144:
1134:
1107:
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1012:
541:
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337:
307:
257:
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Although she was murdered in 1919 before left communism became a distinct tendency,
2158:
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1998:
1948:
1813:
5251:
5246:
5157:
4946:
4384:
4237:
4161:
4048:
4034:
4011:
movements in Italy; Kolinko, Kurasje, Wildcat; Subversion and Aufheben in England;
3984:
3745:
3433:
3327:
3167:
3100:
3065:
3046:
2983:
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222:
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2919:. The Dutch–German current of left communism was historically represented by the
2708:
2599:
2551:
2546:
2458:
2393:
2373:
2313:
2208:
2183:
2148:
2143:
2133:
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1913:
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812:
606:
491:
382:
292:
20:
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5048:. "Through Fascism, War and Revolution: Trotskyism and Left Communism in Italy".
2118:
26:"Left Communists" redirects here. For the historical left-communist groups, see
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in the 1920s, and were expelled from the party in 1927 and later killed during
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1968:
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3364:. This development was mirrored in the Netherlands and on a smaller scale in
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Examples of left communism ideological currents existed in China during the
3398:
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347:
5236:
4975:
4093:
3980:
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and the succession to Lenin. Most Left Bolsheviks were affiliated with the
3007:
2971:
2841:. Left communists assert positions which they regard as more authentically
2651:
2473:
2448:
2413:
2343:
2338:
2323:
2308:
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2248:
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1993:
1978:
1963:
1928:
1748:
1708:
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1608:
1529:
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inherited some characteristics and members of the Left Bolsheviks, as did
5201:
4890:[The children of the gallery] (in Greek). Tapaidiatisgalarias.org
4600:
4292:
3939:
3913:
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3779:
3774:
3378:
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satisfied their demands for a radical transformation of the economy. The
3108:
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3011:
2963:
2880:
2865:
2488:
2433:
2388:
2283:
2228:
2153:
1983:
1973:
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1818:
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1733:
1723:
1524:
1221:
1094:
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712:
450:
297:
601:
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4396:
4053:
4008:
3734:
3571:
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3323:
3139:. Bogdanov and his allies accused Lenin and his partisans of promoting
3002:
Two major traditions can be observed within left communism, namely the
2991:
2936:
2483:
2293:
2123:
2033:
2028:
2018:
1898:
1823:
1783:
1778:
1618:
1418:
1393:
1089:
707:
536:
4535:
Left-Wing Nietzscheans: The Politics of German Expressionism 1910-1920
4230:
The Bolshevik Party in Conflict: The Left Communist Opposition of 1918
3585:'s criticism as outlined in her posthumously published essay entitled
5354:
5181:
5127:
4884:
4816:
4004:
3787:
3602:
use of parliamentarism and working within the official trade unions.
3361:
3330:
3069:
3061:
2986:. Later prominent theorists are shared with other tendencies such as
2877:
2869:
2830:
2826:
2718:
2661:
2609:
2589:
2418:
2043:
1638:
1593:
1403:
561:
282:
242:
197:
5042:
Also of interest is volume 5 number 4 of Spring 1995 of the journal
4388:
4014:
Théorie Communiste, Echanges et Mouvements and Démocratie Communiste
3821:
This led to a split in the French fraction and the formation of the
3623:
3453:
3203:
44:
3365:
2873:
2644:
2639:
2438:
1519:
451:
Hunan Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee
3810:, which called upon workers to put class war before national war.
3368:, where the left communist movement was to mimic that of Germany.
161:
5062:
4308:"Background on the Italian Communist Left, Bordiga and Bordigism"
4043:
3863:
3761:
3593:
3443:
2842:
2833:, which criticises the political ideas and practices espoused by
1413:
657:
3041:
nature, arguing that it had simply carried out the tasks of the
4553:"The Italian Communist Left - A Brief Internationalist History"
3979:
Prominent post-1968 proponents of left communism have included
3844:
3394:
3322:
and German activists found refuge in the Netherlands after the
3092:
1408:
516:
444:
23:, a Russian communist faction led by Leon Trotsky in the 1920s.
3574:
ideas of the earliest period in the history of the Comintern.
2774:
943:
Their Morals and Ours: The class foundations of moral practice
589:
4862:
4152:
3814:
militants could integrate themselves as individuals into the
3418:
modern political tendencies in Russia which use the same name
3132:
2864:
There have been two primary currents of left communism since
4751:"1968 in Japan: the student movement and workers' struggles"
3898:
Declaration of the Internationalist Communists of Buchenwald
5167:
4909:
4575:"The 1944 Manifesto of the Internationalist Communist Left"
3808:
Manifesto of the Communist Left to the European Proletariat
908:
An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital
4506:
Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916–1926
4602:
Mao's China and after: a history of the People's Republic
3193:
2876:
than Lenin", but denounces Marxism–Leninism as a form of
3356:(KAPD) after its leading figures were expelled from the
728:
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
4953:). St. Petersburg, Florida: Red and Black Publishers.
4935:
Non-Leninist Marxism: Writings on the Workers Councils
4699:"May 68: the student movement in France and the world"
4649:"Archive of French left communist journals after 1952"
4476:
Revolution and Culture: The Bogdanov-Lenin Controversy
4170:
Non-Leninist Marxism: Writings on the Workers Councils
4148:
4146:
3562:
and entertained enormous hopes in the founding of the
3424:(KAI) split on exactly the same lines as did the tiny
4024:
3760:. In April 1942, its leadership was arrested by the
4143:
3025:The historical origins of left communism come from
2974:. Other proponents of left communism have included
2845:than the views of Marxism–Leninism espoused by the
69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3558:Left communists generally supported the Bolshevik
3960:countries. In the late 1970s and early 1980s the
3923:, while the group around Damen retained the name
5375:
4425:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
4357:
3428:. The only other affiliates of the KAI were the
5311:List of left communist organizations by country
4438:
4436:
4407:. Archived from the original on 27 October 2009
3938:(GPCR). For example, the Hunan rebel group the
3416:appeared (this tendency has no connection with
3444:Left communism and the Communist International
5078:
4466:
4125:The Communist Left in the Third International
3592:To a considerable degree, Lenin's well known
3403:General Workers' Union – Unified Organization
3029:. Most left communists are supportive of the
2997:
2891:prior to Stalin's rule and supports a firmly
2799:
688:The Condition of the Working Class in England
626:
4433:
4012:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3857:
3834:
3828:
3172:Workers Group of the Russian Communist Party
3080:"Left-Wing" Communism: An Infantile Disorder
683:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
5316:Revolutionary Socialist Party (Netherlands)
4841:] (in French). Paris: Editions Denoël.
4829:
4289:Marx beyond Marx: Lessons on the Grundrisse
3769:and was joined by most members of the GIK.
3754:Revolutionary Socialist Workers Party, RSAP
3652:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3482:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3232:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3103:and parliamentarianism. The group included
5085:
5071:
4633:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4448:Left-Wing Communism: an Infantile Disorder
3598:Left-Wing Communism: An Infantile Disorder
3438:Communist Workers Party of the Netherlands
2806:
2792:
828:Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses
703:The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
633:
619:
4800:
4332:
4291:. Translated by Ryan, Michael. New York:
4277:
3892:L'Organisation Communiste Revolutionnaire
3883:(CR) in 1942. This group became known as
3716:Learn how and when to remove this message
3546:Learn how and when to remove this message
3296:Learn how and when to remove this message
3131:, or Recallists, advocated the recall of
3086:
2909:Internationalist Communist Party of Italy
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
5296:Internationalist Communist Party (Italy)
4227:
4595:
4305:
4118:
3790:committee was also fiercely contested.
3326:came to power in 1933. The critique of
3091:Left Bolshevism emerged in 1907 as the
938:The Struggle Against Fascism in Germany
420:Anti-Parliamentary Communist Federation
5376:
4722:
4532:
4526:
4472:
3194:Dutch–German left communism until 1933
1614:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
5066:
5027:The British Communist Left, 1914–1945
5013:The Russian Communist Left, 1918–1930
4965:Alexandra Kollontai: Selected Writing
4817:"Internationalist Communist Tendency"
4503:
4283:
4264:
3936:Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
3778:localised wars in favour of ideas on
2527:Critique: Journal of Socialist Theory
898:Change the World Without Taking Power
5291:Communist Workers' Organisation (UK)
4985:The Italian Communist Left 1926–1945
4674:"On Communisation and Its Theorists"
4497:
3989:left communist groups existing today
3650:adding citations to reliable sources
3617:
3480:adding citations to reliable sources
3447:
3230:adding citations to reliable sources
3197:
67:adding citations to reliable sources
38:
5281:Communist Workers' Party of Germany
4865:. Wildcat-www.de. 21 September 2013
4835:Histoire générale de l'Ultra-Gauche
4803:The "Bordigist" Current (1912-1952)
4748:
4363:
4267:"The Bordigist Current (1919-1999)"
4196:
4001:Internationalist Communist Tendency
3426:Communist Workers Party of Bulgaria
2921:Communist Workers' Party of Germany
2887:. The Dutch–German left split from
853:Marxism and the Oppression of Women
783:Theses on the Philosophy of History
457:International Socialists of Germany
440:Communist Workers' Party of Germany
13:
5092:
4974:. AK Press, 2003. Introduction by
4928:
3430:Communist Workers Party of Britain
3354:Communist Workers Party of Germany
14:
5415:
4839:General history of the Ultra-Left
4442:
3391:General Workers' Union of Germany
3310:Left Communists (Weimar Republic)
2925:General Workers' Union of Germany
2872:and considers itself to be "more
873:Time, Labor and Social Domination
32:Left Communists (Weimar Republic)
5286:Communist Workers' International
5166:
4084:List of left-wing internationals
4027:
3970:Internationalist Communist Party
3962:Internationalist Communist Party
3925:Internationalist Communist Party
3816:Internationalist Communist Party
3796:Internationalist Communist Party
3622:
3560:seizure of power in October 1917
3452:
3202:
2929:Communist Workers' International
2773:
2761:
2749:
2585:21st-century communist theorists
923:Towards Socialism or Capitalism?
838:How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
758:Essays on Marx's Theory of Value
664:
600:
588:
576:
435:Communist Workers' International
403:Internationalist Communist Party
160:
43:
5306:International Communist Current
4999:The Dutch-German Communist Left
4902:
4877:
4855:
4823:
4809:
4794:
4768:
4742:
4716:
4691:
4666:
4641:
4589:
4583:Communist Workers' Organisation
4567:
4561:Communist Workers' Organisation
4545:
4473:Sochor, Z. A. (28 March 1988).
4364:Fox, Michael S. (Spring 1991).
3997:International Communist Current
3966:International Communist Current
3786:. Vercesi's participation in a
3422:Communist Workers International
3381:in favour of forming their own
2917:International Communist Current
1287:Theory of historical trajectory
1165:Dictatorship of the proletariat
863:Hegemony and Socialist Strategy
763:History and Class Consciousness
718:Critique of the Gotha Programme
393:International Communist Current
388:Communist Workers' Organisation
54:needs additional citations for
28:Left Communists (Soviet Russia)
4326:
4299:
4258:
4221:
4190:
4112:
3974:Communist Workers Organisation
3756:) transformed itself into the
3577:Left communists supported the
1085:Socially necessary labour time
983:Philosophy in the Soviet Union
868:The Sublime Object of Ideology
793:A Critique of Soviet Economics
462:League for Proletarian Culture
1:
5301:International Communist Party
4306:Smeaton, A. (1 August 2003).
4105:
3993:International Communist Party
3949:
3921:International Communist Party
3900:when the camp was liberated.
3348:. After the beginning of the
2990:, a founding theorist of the
2913:International Communist Party
2907:but today is embodied in the
1006:Critique of political economy
507:Workers' Socialist Federation
482:Revolutionary Workers Ferment
477:Revolutionary Socialist Party
398:International Communist Party
5143:Proletarian internationalism
4967:. Allison & Busby, 1984.
4801:Bourrinet, Philippe (2000).
4228:Kowalski, Ronald I. (1991).
3903:
3886:Fraternisation Proletarienne
3880:Communistes Revolutionnaires
3613:
3336:Antinational Socialist Party
2825:, is a position held by the
1043:Falling profit-rate tendency
818:The Society of the Spectacle
213:Proletarian internationalism
19:Not to be confused with the
7:
4504:Smele, Jonathan D. (2015).
4172:. St. Petersburg, Florida:
4020:
3824:Gauche Communiste de France
3060:entirely separate from the
2517:Capitalism Nature Socialism
1033:Concrete and abstract labor
918:Capital in the Anthropocene
843:Social Justice and the City
738:The Accumulation of Capital
10:
5420:
5399:Marxist schools of thought
4937:(2007) (includes texts by
4579:Revolutionary Perspectives
4557:Revolutionary Perspectives
4381:Cambridge University Press
4312:Internationalist Communist
3907:
3875:degenerated workers' state
3758:Marx–Lenin–Luxemburg Front
3358:Communist Party of Germany
3307:
3174:during the debates on the
2998:Early history and overview
788:Dialectic of Enlightenment
263:Situationist International
25:
18:
5362:
5328:
5274:
5175:
5164:
5148:Revolutionary spontaneity
5100:
5057:Marxists Internet Archive
5053:Left Communism collection
4885:"Ta paidiá tis galarías"
4460:Marxists Internet Archive
4351:Marxists Internet Archive
4242:10.1007/978-1-349-10367-6
4215:Marxists Internet Archive
4137:Marxists Internet Archive
3135:representatives from the
2885:Soviet Union under Stalin
933:Literature and Revolution
893:Late Victorian Holocausts
823:Pedagogy of the Oppressed
808:The Wretched of the Earth
4886:
4510:Rowman & Littlefield
4481:Cornell University Press
4232:. Basingstoke, England:
4174:Red and Black Publishers
2905:Communist Party of Italy
883:The Origin of Capitalism
753:The State and Revolution
425:Communist Bulletin Group
4831:Bourseiller, Christophe
4089:List of left communists
4074:Left communism in China
4059:Authoritarian socialism
3910:Left communism in China
3564:Communist International
3154:and as the policies of
3123:, Stanislav Volski and
2901:Italian Socialist Party
2847:Communist International
1589:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
1232:Relations of production
1115:Base and superstructure
968:Dialectical materialism
928:The Revolution Betrayed
748:Terrorism and Communism
743:Philosophical Notebooks
698:The Communist Manifesto
408:The Invisible Committee
5321:Socialisme ou Barbarie
4910:"Blaumachen – journal"
4887:Τα παιδιά της γαλαρίας
4415:– via GeoCities.
4013:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3858:
3835:
3829:
3587:The Russian Revolution
3087:Russian left communism
2532:Historical Materialism
1277:Proletarian revolution
1272:Primitive accumulation
1267:Historical determinism
487:Socialism or Barbarism
5197:Cornelius Castoriadis
5045:Revolutionary History
4749:Ken (23 March 2008).
4533:Taylor, Seth (1990).
4265:Bourrinet, Philippe.
4079:Libertarian socialism
3740:Meanwhile, the final
3308:Further information:
2768:Philosophy portal
2562:Science & Society
1180:Democratic centralism
1038:Factors of production
903:Caliban and the Witch
848:Women, Race and Class
472:Marxist Working Group
4512:. pp. 667–668.
4322:– via Leftcom.
4203:Dialogue with Stalin
3849:Fourth International
3737:concentration camp.
3646:improve this section
3476:improve this section
3393:(AAUD) and those in
3383:revolutionary unions
3226:improve this section
3043:bourgeois revolution
3016:liberation movements
3004:Dutch–German current
2883:materialized in the
2780:Socialism portal
2756:Communism portal
2625:History of communism
2620:Economic determinism
2605:Criticism of Marxism
2595:Creative destruction
1355:Marxism and religion
1075:Scientific socialism
978:Philosophy of nature
858:Imagined Communities
723:Dialectics of Nature
595:Socialism portal
583:Communism portal
63:improve this article
5394:Anti-Stalinist left
5118:Class consciousness
5113:Anti-Stalinist left
4805:. pp. 332–333.
4723:Lassou (May 2012).
4653:Archives Autonomies
4597:Meisner, Maurice J.
4339:The Junius Pamphlet
4273:on 20 January 2022.
3733:were to die in the
3607:Kronstadt rebellion
3414:Heinrich Laufenberg
3176:New Economic Policy
3164:Workers' Opposition
3160:Military Opposition
3113:Anatoly Lunacharsky
3010:, to many kinds of
2992:autonomist tendency
2897:libertarian Marxist
2512:Capital & Class
1192:False consciousness
1140:Commodity fetishism
1130:Class consciousness
1048:Means of production
878:The Age of Extremes
798:The Long Revolution
733:What Is to Be Done?
693:The German Ideology
607:Politics portal
552:Industrial unionism
502:Workers' Opposition
188:Class consciousness
183:Anti-Stalinist left
5404:Types of socialism
5138:Organic centralism
4970:Pannekoek, Anton.
4234:Palgrave MacMillan
4158:Pannekoek, Antonie
4069:Left-wing politics
3871:The Russian Enigma
3836:L'Union Communiste
3579:Russian Revolution
3342:and was linked to
3121:Grigory Aleksinsky
3105:Alexander Bogdanov
3031:October Revolution
3020:parliamentarianism
2941:Council communists
2726:Worker cooperative
2704:Left-wing populism
2630:Left-wing politics
2567:Socialist Register
2557:Rethinking Marxism
1350:Literary criticism
1053:Mode of production
913:Capitalist Realism
773:The Black Jacobins
383:Communist Struggle
208:Organic centralism
16:Political ideology
5371:
5370:
5340:Classical Marxism
5257:Antonie Pannekoek
5222:Bruno Fortichiari
5055:published on the
4959:978-0-9791813-6-8
4943:Antonie Pannekoek
4539:Walter de Gruyter
4519:978-1-4422-5280-6
4251:978-1-349-10369-0
4183:978-0-9791813-6-8
4162:Pankhurst, Sylvia
4064:Council communism
3889:in 1943 and then
3804:Luciano Stefanini
3767:council communism
3742:council communist
3726:
3725:
3718:
3700:
3556:
3555:
3548:
3530:
3350:German Revolution
3328:social democratic
3316:Antonie Pannekoek
3306:
3305:
3298:
3280:
3152:Russian Civil War
3141:liberal democracy
3117:Mikhail Pokrovsky
2956:Antonie Pannekoek
2893:council communist
2835:Marxist–Leninists
2816:
2815:
2657:Political ecology
2635:Marxian economics
1574:Council communism
1542:
1541:
1469:Neue Marx-Lektüre
1431:Regulation school
1320:Cultural analysis
1212:Lumpenproletariat
1155:Cultural hegemony
1145:Communist society
1135:Classless society
1070:Productive forces
803:Guerrilla Warfare
676:Theoretical works
643:
642:
542:Classical Marxism
338:Antonie Pannekoek
308:Bruno Fortichiari
258:Council communism
139:
138:
131:
113:
5411:
5252:Sylvia Pankhurst
5247:Gavril Myasnikov
5170:
5158:World revolution
5153:Workers' council
5087:
5080:
5073:
5064:
5063:
4972:Workers Councils
4947:Sylvia Pankhurst
4922:
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4755:Internationalism
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4729:Internationalism
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4703:Internationalism
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4483:. pp. 4–8.
4470:
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4269:. Archived from
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4212:
4210:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4150:
4141:
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4049:Orthodox Marxism
4037:
4035:Communism portal
4032:
4031:
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3985:Maximilien Rubel
3972:and the British
3894:
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3861:
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3832:
3826:
3825:
3721:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3665:"Left communism"
3658:
3626:
3618:
3551:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3495:"Left communism"
3488:
3456:
3448:
3434:Sylvia Pankhurst
3301:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3245:"Left communism"
3238:
3206:
3198:
3168:Gavril Myasnikov
3101:authoritarianism
3058:workers' council
3047:state capitalist
2984:Sylvia Pankhurst
2839:social democrats
2808:
2801:
2794:
2778:
2777:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2754:
2753:
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2731:Workers' council
2552:Race & Class
1459:Frankfurt School
1426:Neo-Gramscianism
1399:Marxism–Leninism
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1325:Cultural Studies
1282:World revolution
1227:Private property
768:Prison Notebooks
668:
645:
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635:
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604:
593:
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430:Communist League
333:Sylvia Pankhurst
328:Gavril Myasnikov
223:World revolution
218:Workers' council
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78:"Left communism"
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5365:Politics portal
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5192:Jacques Camatte
5171:
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4929:Further reading
4926:
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4912:. Blaumachen.gr
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4819:. January 2000.
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3196:
3180:Left Opposition
3147:at any price".
3145:parliamentarism
3089:
3054:communist party
3000:
2980:Jacques Camatte
2859:second congress
2857:and during its
2812:
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2709:Universal class
2600:Conflict theory
2580:
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5384:Left communism
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5329:Related topics
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4541:. p. 220.
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4465:
4432:
4356:
4325:
4298:
4285:Negri, Antonio
4276:
4257:
4250:
4220:
4189:
4182:
4142:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4022:
4019:
3951:
3948:
3929:events of 1968
3905:
3902:
3839:in the 1930s.
3784:Rosa Luxemburg
3750:Henk Sneevliet
3724:
3723:
3630:
3628:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3583:Rosa Luxemburg
3568:Western Europe
3554:
3553:
3460:
3458:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3340:Franz Pfemfert
3304:
3303:
3210:
3208:
3201:
3195:
3192:
3097:Vladimir Lenin
3088:
3085:
3075:Vladimir Lenin
3045:by creating a
3008:popular fronts
2999:
2996:
2968:Amadeo Bordiga
2948:Rosa Luxemburg
2889:Vladimir Lenin
2851:Bolshevization
2823:communist left
2819:Left communism
2814:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2770:
2758:
2746:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2714:Vulgar Marxism
2711:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2579:Related topics
2578:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2542:Monthly Review
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2522:Constellations
2519:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1555:
1552:Other variants
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1436:Third-worldist
1433:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1345:Historiography
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1262:Class struggle
1258:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1217:Metabolic rift
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1009:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
993:Marxist ethics
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
959:
954:
953:
950:
949:
946:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
833:Ways of Seeing
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
679:
674:
673:
670:
669:
661:
660:
654:
653:
641:
640:
638:
637:
630:
623:
615:
612:
611:
610:
609:
597:
585:
570:
569:
565:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
533:
532:
530:Related topics
529:
528:
525:
524:
520:
519:
514:
512:Workers' Truth
509:
504:
499:
497:Workers' Group
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
411:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
374:
373:
370:
369:
366:
365:
361:
360:
355:
350:
345:
343:Lorenzo Parodi
340:
335:
330:
325:
323:Grandizo Munis
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
288:Amadeo Bordiga
285:
279:
278:
275:
274:
271:
270:
266:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
239:
238:
235:
234:
231:
230:
226:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
193:Class struggle
190:
185:
180:
174:
173:
170:
169:
166:
165:
157:
156:
154:Left communism
150:
149:
137:
136:
51:
49:
42:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5416:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5350:Ultra-leftism
5348:
5346:
5345:Impossibilism
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5275:Organizations
5273:
5268:
5267:Karl Schröder
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5227:Herman Gorter
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5207:Onorato Damen
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5169:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5108:Anti-Leninism
5106:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5088:
5083:
5081:
5076:
5074:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4940:
4939:Herman Gorter
4936:
4933:
4932:
4911:
4905:
4889:
4880:
4864:
4858:
4850:
4844:
4840:
4836:
4832:
4826:
4818:
4812:
4804:
4797:
4782:. 26 May 2008
4781:
4777:
4771:
4756:
4752:
4745:
4730:
4726:
4719:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4679:
4675:
4669:
4654:
4650:
4644:
4636:
4630:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4612:0-02-920870-X
4608:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4592:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4570:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4548:
4540:
4536:
4529:
4521:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4500:
4492:
4490:9780801420887
4486:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4439:
4437:
4428:
4422:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4373:Slavic Review
4367:
4360:
4352:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4314:. No. 22
4313:
4309:
4302:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4272:
4268:
4261:
4253:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4236:. p. 2.
4235:
4231:
4224:
4216:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4193:
4185:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4147:
4138:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4115:
4111:
4100:
4099:Ultra-leftism
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4025:
4018:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3958:
3957:communization
3947:
3945:
3944:Paris Commune
3941:
3937:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3915:
3911:
3901:
3899:
3893:
3887:
3881:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3837:
3831:
3819:
3817:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3800:Onorato Damen
3797:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3776:
3770:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3748:group led by
3747:
3743:
3738:
3736:
3731:
3720:
3717:
3709:
3706:February 2023
3698:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667: –
3666:
3662:
3661:Find sources:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3631:This section
3629:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3611:
3608:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3550:
3547:
3539:
3536:February 2023
3528:
3525:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3497: –
3496:
3492:
3491:Find sources:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3461:This section
3459:
3455:
3450:
3449:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3320:Herman Gorter
3317:
3311:
3300:
3297:
3289:
3286:February 2023
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3247: –
3246:
3242:
3241:Find sources:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3211:This section
3209:
3205:
3200:
3199:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:Joseph Stalin
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3156:War Communism
3153:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3125:Martyn Liadov
3122:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3099:'s perceived
3098:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3014:and national
3013:
3009:
3005:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2988:Antonio Negri
2985:
2981:
2977:
2976:Onorato Damen
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2952:Herman Gorter
2949:
2944:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2855:Joseph Stalin
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2687:Revolutionary
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2667:Authoritarian
2665:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:Moufawad-Paul
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
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2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
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2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
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1967:
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1962:
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1952:
1950:
1947:
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1932:
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1697:
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1687:
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1677:
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1670:
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1660:
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1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1579:Eurocommunism
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1564:Austromarxism
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1547:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1510:Communization
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1484:Praxis School
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1366:
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1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
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1328:
1326:
1323:
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1316:
1313:
1311:
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1303:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1242:Working class
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
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1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
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1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1023:Crisis theory
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1002:
1001:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
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869:
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851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
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804:
801:
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796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
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781:
779:
776:
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771:
769:
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764:
761:
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749:
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736:
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731:
729:
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724:
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680:
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659:
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647:
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636:
631:
629:
624:
622:
617:
616:
614:
613:
608:
603:
598:
596:
591:
586:
584:
574:
573:
572:
571:
563:
560:
558:
557:Ultra-leftism
555:
553:
550:
548:
547:Impossibilism
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
534:
527:
526:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
452:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
417:
416:
415:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
379:
378:
371:Organizations
368:
367:
359:
358:Julien Coupat
356:
354:
353:Karl Schröder
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
313:Herman Gorter
311:
309:
306:
304:
303:Onorato Damen
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
280:
273:
272:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
253:Communization
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
240:
233:
232:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
178:Anti-Leninism
176:
175:
168:
167:
163:
159:
158:
155:
152:
151:
147:
143:
142:
133:
130:
122:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
37:
33:
29:
22:
5237:Paul Mattick
5212:Gilles Dauvé
5093:
5043:
5026:
5012:
4998:
4984:
4976:Noam Chomsky
4971:
4964:
4934:
4914:. Retrieved
4904:
4892:. Retrieved
4879:
4867:. Retrieved
4857:
4838:
4834:
4825:
4811:
4802:
4796:
4784:. Retrieved
4779:
4770:
4758:. Retrieved
4754:
4744:
4732:. Retrieved
4728:
4718:
4706:. Retrieved
4702:
4693:
4681:. Retrieved
4677:
4668:
4656:. Retrieved
4652:
4643:
4601:
4591:
4578:
4569:
4556:
4547:
4534:
4528:
4505:
4499:
4475:
4468:
4458:– via
4452:. Retrieved
4447:
4421:cite journal
4409:. Retrieved
4376:
4372:
4359:
4349:– via
4345:23 September
4343:. Retrieved
4338:
4328:
4316:. Retrieved
4311:
4301:
4288:
4279:
4271:the original
4260:
4229:
4223:
4213:– via
4207:. Retrieved
4202:
4192:
4169:
4135:– via
4131:23 September
4129:. Retrieved
4124:
4114:
4094:Luxemburgism
3991:include the
3987:. Prominent
3981:Paul Mattick
3978:
3953:
3933:
3917:
3897:
3870:
3868:
3841:
3820:
3812:
3807:
3792:
3782:inspired by
3771:
3739:
3730:World War II
3727:
3712:
3703:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3660:
3644:Please help
3632:
3604:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3576:
3557:
3542:
3533:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3490:
3474:Please help
3462:
3407:
3386:
3379:trade unions
3370:
3343:
3313:
3292:
3283:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3240:
3224:Please help
3212:
3149:
3128:
3093:Vpered group
3090:
3078:
3051:
3024:
3001:
2972:Paul Mattick
2945:
2933:
2863:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2652:Municipalism
2464:Bhattacharya
1609:Situationist
1584:Instrumental
1237:State theory
1202:Immiseration
1197:Human nature
1187:Exploitation
1017:accumulation
413:
412:
375:
318:Paul Mattick
153:
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
36:
5202:Marc Chirik
5133:Mass strike
4786:19 December
4760:19 December
4734:19 December
4708:19 December
4444:Lenin, V.I.
4383:: 127–143.
4293:Autonomedia
4166:Rühle, Otto
3940:Shengwulian
3914:Shengwulian
3859:Der Marxist
3854:Hugo Oehler
3830:L'Etincelle
3780:imperialism
3775:proletariat
3188:Great Purge
3109:Maxim Gorky
3095:challenged
3035:proletarian
3027:World War I
3012:nationalism
2964:Karl Korsch
2881:opportunism
2866:World War I
2615:Communalism
2014:Wallerstein
1604:Revisionist
1335:Film theory
1315:Criminology
1310:Archaeology
1222:Proletariat
1207:Imperialism
1120:Bourgeoisie
1095:Wage labour
988:Reification
778:On Practice
298:Marc Chirik
203:Mass strike
119:August 2021
5378:Categories
5335:Autonomism
5262:Otto Rühle
5217:Guy Debord
5035:1897980116
5021:1897980108
5007:1899438378
4993:1897980132
4951:Otto Rühle
4916:17 October
4894:17 October
4869:17 October
4848:2207251632
4537:. Berlin:
4508:. Lanham:
4454:17 October
4318:17 October
4106:References
4054:Autonomism
4009:autonomist
3950:Since 1968
3908:See also:
3735:Buchenwald
3676:newspapers
3572:ultra-left
3506:newspapers
3399:Otto Rühle
3345:Die Aktion
3256:newspapers
3137:Third Duma
2960:Otto Rühle
2937:Bolsheviks
2927:, and the
2915:, and the
2849:after its
2672:Democratic
2537:Mediations
2149:Przeworski
2089:Poulantzas
1939:Sivanandan
1894:Bettelheim
1794:Horkheimer
1789:Mariátegui
1764:Pashukanis
1689:Liebknecht
1619:Wertkritik
1559:Analytical
1419:Trotskyism
1394:Autonomist
1385:Structural
1365:Philosophy
1305:Aesthetics
1090:Value-form
1058:Capitalist
963:Alienation
956:Philosophy
708:Grundrisse
537:Autonomism
492:Solidarity
348:Otto Rühle
89:newspapers
5389:Communism
5355:Workerism
5182:Jan Appel
5128:Communism
4863:"Wildcat"
4629:cite book
4405:155654843
4005:workerist
3904:1952–1968
3788:Red Cross
3633:does not
3614:1939–1945
3463:does not
3362:Paul Levi
3360:(KPD) by
3331:reformism
3213:does not
3143:through "
3129:Otzovists
3070:elections
3062:reformist
3039:socialist
2878:bourgeois
2870:Bordigism
2831:communism
2827:left wing
2821:, or the
2719:Economism
2682:Reformist
2662:Socialism
2610:Communism
2590:Anarchism
2444:Coulthard
2369:McDonnell
2329:Screpanti
2239:Rowbotham
2104:Harnecker
1914:Althusser
1854:Deutscher
1694:Kollontai
1684:Luxemburg
1664:Plekhanov
1594:Nkrumaism
1505:Classical
1479:Political
1404:Guevarism
1360:Sociology
1340:Geography
1160:Democracy
1108:Sociology
1063:Socialist
1028:Commodity
562:Workerism
283:Jan Appel
243:Bordigism
236:Movements
198:Communism
5101:Concepts
4833:(2003).
4683:12 April
4678:Endnotes
4658:12 April
4621:13270932
4599:(1986).
4336:(1915).
4287:(1991).
4168:(2007).
4122:(1926).
4021:See also
3999:and the
3746:centrist
3405:(AAUE).
3385:. These
3374:Frontism
3366:Bulgaria
3162:and the
3066:centrist
3049:system.
2903:and the
2874:Leninist
2645:Old Left
2640:New Left
2507:Antipode
2501:Journals
2404:Heinrich
2379:Roediger
2374:Douzinas
2364:Hennessy
2319:Holloway
2234:Hartsock
2224:Eagleton
2209:Federici
2184:Bannerji
2159:Therborn
2139:Rancière
2134:Easthope
2114:Anderson
2109:Altvater
2009:O'Connor
2004:Mészáros
1999:Guattari
1954:Thompson
1944:Miliband
1924:Williams
1909:Hobsbawm
1884:Emmanuel
1864:Beauvoir
1829:Lefebvre
1774:Benjamin
1739:Bukharin
1719:Zinoviev
1714:Grossman
1699:Bogdanov
1674:Connolly
1654:Lafargue
1599:Orthodox
1569:Centrist
1520:Leninism
1515:Feminist
1464:Humanist
1445:Hegelian
973:Ideology
650:a series
648:Part of
248:In China
171:Concepts
146:a series
144:Part of
4585:. 2016.
4563:. 2009.
4411:26 June
4397:2500604
4044:Marxism
3864:Antwerp
3762:Gestapo
3690:scholar
3654:removed
3639:sources
3605:As the
3594:polemic
3520:scholar
3484:removed
3469:sources
3432:led by
3397:around
3387:unionen
3270:scholar
3234:removed
3219:sources
3018:and to
2843:Marxist
2744:Outline
2697:Utopian
2474:Srnicek
2459:Toscano
2454:Seymour
2409:Prashad
2359:Sankara
2354:Berardi
2339:Hampton
2314:Burawoy
2284:Panitch
2279:Haraway
2269:Cleaver
2254:Brenner
2219:Balibar
2174:Postone
2164:Losurdo
2094:Vattimo
2064:Gonzalo
2059:Jameson
2049:Parenti
1989:Liebman
1984:Guevara
1874:Nkrumah
1869:Sombart
1844:Padmore
1814:Kalecki
1809:Marcuse
1769:Bordiga
1754:Gramsci
1709:Trotsky
1669:Du Bois
1659:Kautsky
1535:Western
1414:Titoism
1299:Aspects
1255:History
1175:Radical
1013:Capital
713:Capital
658:Marxism
445:Forward
414:Defunct
103:scholar
5176:People
5033:
5019:
5005:
4991:
4957:
4845:
4619:
4609:
4516:
4487:
4403:
4395:
4248:
4209:15 May
4180:
3995:, the
3845:Nazism
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3663:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3436:, the
3395:Saxony
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3243:
3127:. The
2982:, and
2692:Social
2677:Market
2479:Horvat
2434:Fisher
2429:Linera
2424:Lordon
2414:Kelley
2399:Marcos
2394:Ghandy
2384:Foster
2309:Fraser
2304:Wright
2294:Jessop
2289:Clarke
2274:Bishop
2264:Massey
2244:Mouffe
2194:Newton
2189:Spivak
2179:Rodney
2144:Berman
2099:Badiou
2079:Laclau
2074:Harvey
2069:Dussel
2029:Debord
2024:Tronti
1994:Heller
1979:Castro
1974:Berger
1959:Bauman
1949:Cabral
1934:Mandel
1929:Freire
1919:Hinton
1899:Draper
1879:Sweezy
1849:Sartre
1839:Adorno
1804:Brecht
1759:Galiev
1734:Korsch
1729:Lukács
1704:Stalin
1649:Morris
1644:Engels
1632:People
1409:Maoism
1330:Ethics
1170:Soviet
888:Empire
517:Tiqqun
377:Extant
276:People
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
4837:[
4401:S2CID
4393:JSTOR
4379:(1).
4369:(PDF)
3752:(the
3697:JSTOR
3683:books
3527:JSTOR
3513:books
3324:Nazis
3277:JSTOR
3263:books
3133:RSDLP
2489:Saito
2484:Hamza
2349:Žižek
2334:Tamás
2299:Davis
2259:Davis
2249:Geras
2214:Wolff
2199:Sakai
2154:Cohen
2129:Sison
2124:Vogel
2084:Bahro
2054:Negri
2044:Nairn
1969:Kosik
1964:Fanon
1904:Jones
1859:Hoxha
1834:James
1819:Fromm
1749:Serge
1724:Bloch
1679:Lenin
1500:Black
1125:Class
110:JSTOR
96:books
5031:ISBN
5017:ISBN
5003:ISBN
4989:ISBN
4955:ISBN
4949:and
4918:2013
4896:2013
4871:2013
4843:ISBN
4788:2015
4762:2015
4736:2015
4710:2015
4685:2020
4660:2020
4635:link
4617:OCLC
4607:ISBN
4514:ISBN
4485:ISBN
4456:2013
4427:link
4413:2020
4347:2021
4320:2013
4246:ISBN
4211:2019
4178:ISBN
4133:2021
4007:and
3983:and
3912:and
3802:and
3669:news
3637:any
3635:cite
3499:news
3467:any
3465:cite
3412:and
3318:and
3249:news
3217:any
3215:cite
3064:and
2970:and
2895:and
2837:and
2449:Malm
2419:Dean
2389:West
2344:Cano
2324:Rose
2229:Kurz
2204:Wood
2169:Ture
2119:Löwy
2039:Hall
2034:Amin
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