208:
574:. To be effective, the correct substance must be applied at the correct time and the method of application is important to ensure adequate coverage and retention on the crop. The killing of natural enemies of the target pest should be minimized. This is particularly important in countries where there are natural reservoirs of pests and their enemies in the countryside surrounding plantation crops, and these co-exist in a delicate balance. Often in less-developed countries, the crops are well adapted to the local situation and no pesticides are needed. Where progressive farmers are using fertilizers to grow improved crop varieties, these are often more susceptible to pest damage, but the indiscriminate application of pesticides may be detrimental in the longer term. The efficacy of chemical pesticides tends to diminish over time. This is because any organism that manages to survive the initial application will pass on its genes to its offspring and a
157:
1280:) feed on fabrics and carpets, particularly those that are stored or soiled. The adult females lay batches of eggs on natural fibres, including wool, silk, and fur, as well as cotton and linen in blends. The developing larvae spin protective webbing and chew into the fabric, creating holes and specks of excrement. Damage is often concentrated in concealed locations, under collars and near seams of clothing, in folds and crevices in upholstery and round the edges of carpets as well as under furniture. Methods of control include using airtight containers for storage, periodic laundering of garments, trapping, freezing, heating and the use of chemicals; mothballs contain volatile insect repellents such as
1312:, the larvae are destructive pests in homes, warehouses, and museums. They feed on animal products including wool, silk, leather, fur, the bristles of hair brushes, pet hair, feathers, and museum specimens. They tend to infest hidden locations and may feed on larger areas of fabrics than do clothes moths, leaving behind specks of excrement and brown, hollow, bristly-looking cast skins. Management of infestations is difficult and is based on exclusion and sanitation where possible, resorting to pesticides when necessary. The beetles can fly in from outdoors and the larvae can survive on lint fragments, dust, and inside the bags of
415:
1369:
918:
534:
1416:
presence may become apparent when winged insects appear and swarm in the home in spring. Regular inspection of structures by a trained professional may help detect termite activity before the damage becomes substantial.; Inspection and monitoring of termites is important because termite alates (winged reproductives) may not always swarm inside a structure. Control and extermination is a professional job involving trying to exclude the insects from the building and trying to kill those already present. Soil-applied liquid
307:, and other biological control experiments followed. The introduction of DDT, a cheap and effective compound, put an effective stop to biological control experiments. By the 1960s, problems of resistance to chemicals and damage to the environment began to emerge, and biological control had a renaissance. Chemical pest control is still the predominant type of pest control today, although a renewed interest in traditional and biological pest control developed towards the end of the 20th century and continues to this day.
1481:
1133:
1430:
957:
431:
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332:
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1400:, which attacks softwoods, including plywood. The damage has already been done by the time the adult beetles bore their way out, leaving neat round holes behind them. The first that a householder knows about the beetle damage is often when a chair leg breaks off or a piece of structural timber caves in. Prevention is possible through chemical treatment of the timber prior to its use in construction or in furniture manufacturing.
1075:, a known pesticide can be impregnated into the paper fibers of cellulose insulation at certain levels to achieve a mechanical kill factor for self-grooming insects such as ants, cockroaches, termites, and more. The addition of insulation into the attic and walls of a structure can provide control of common pests in addition to known insulation benefits such a robust thermal envelope and acoustic noise-canceling properties. The
991:
59:
1360:. Damage may be concentrated in the spine, the projecting edges of pages and the cover. Prevention of attack relies on keeping books in cool, clean, dry positions with low humidity, and occasional inspections should be made. Treatment can be by freezing for lengthy periods, but some insect eggs are very resistant and can survive for long periods at low temperatures.
85:; such as any animal, plant or fungus that impacts adversely on human activities or environment. The human response depends on the importance of the damage done and will range from tolerance, through deterrence and management, to attempts to completely eradicate the pest. Pest control measures may be performed as part of an
1005:
is the treatment of a structure to kill pests such as wood-boring beetles by sealing it or surrounding it with an airtight cover such as a tent, and fogging with liquid insecticide for an extended period, typically of 24–72 hours. This is costly and inconvenient as the structure cannot be used during
810:
Many unwelcome animals visit or make their home in residential buildings, industrial sites and urban areas. Some contaminate foodstuffs, damage structural timbers, chew through fabrics or infest stored dry goods. Some inflict great economic loss, others carry diseases or cause fire hazards, and some
387:
or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role. Classical biological control involves the introduction of natural enemies of the pest that are bred in the laboratory and released into the environment. An alternative approach is to augment the natural enemies
1415:
in close proximity to houses can extend their galleries underground and make mud tubes to enter homes. The insects keep out of sight and chew their way through structural and decorative timbers, leaving the surface layers intact, as well as through cardboard, plastic and insulation materials. Their
1028:
Populations of pest insects can sometimes be dramatically reduced by the release of sterile individuals. This involves the mass rearing of a pest, sterilising it by means of X-rays or some other means, and releasing it into a wild population. It is particularly useful where a female only mates once
975:
may be substituted. These are cumulative poisons, requiring bait stations to be topped up regularly. Poisoned meat has been used for centuries to kill animals such as wolves and birds of prey. Poisoned carcasses however kill a wide range of carrion feeders, not only the targeted species. Raptors in
108:
means. Ploughing and cultivation of the soil before sowing mitigate the pest burden, and crop rotation helps to reduce the build-up of a certain pest species. Concern about environment means limiting the use of pesticides in favour of other methods. This can be achieved by monitoring the crop, only
933:
is a common method for controlling rats, mice, birds, slugs, snails, ants, cockroaches, and other pests. The basic granules, or other formulation, contains a food attractant for the target species and a suitable poison. For ants, a slow-acting toxin is needed so that the workers have time to carry
1245:
In the home, foodstuffs found to be infested are usually discarded, and storing such products in sealed containers should prevent the problem from reoccurring. The eggs of these insects are likely to go unnoticed, with the larvae being the destructive life stage, and the adult the most noticeable
784:
Forest pests present a significant problem because it is not easy to access the canopy and monitor pest populations. In addition, forestry pests such as bark beetles, kept under control by natural enemies in their native range, may be transported large distances in cut timber to places where they
518:
is a crop of a plant that attracts pests, diverting them from nearby crops. Pests aggregated on the trap crop can be more easily controlled using pesticides or other methods. However, trap-cropping, on its own, has often failed to cost effectively reduce pest densities on large commercial scales,
1494:
Birds are a significant hazard to aircraft, but it is difficult to keep them away from airfields. Several methods have been explored. Stunning birds by feeding them a bait containing stupefying substances has been tried, and it may be possible to reduce their numbers on airfields by reducing the
1079:
regulates this type of general-use pesticide within the United States allowing it to only be sold and installed by licensed pest management professionals as part of an integrated pest management program. Simply adding Boron or an EPA-registered pesticide to an insulation does not qualify it as a
1457:
and other chemical means, but since the adverse environmental effects of these insecticides have been realized, other means of control have been attempted. The insects rely on water in which to breed and the first line of control is to reduce possible breeding locations by draining marshes and
1009:
An alternative, space treatment, is fogging or misting to disperse a liquid insecticide in the atmosphere within a building without evacuation or airtight sealing, allowing most work within the building to continue, at the cost of reduced penetration. Contact insecticides are generally used to
1495:
number of earthworms and other invertebrates by soil treatment. Leaving the grass long on airfields rather than mowing it is also a deterrent to birds. Sonic nets are being trialled; these produce sounds that birds find distracting and seem effective at keeping birds away from affected areas.
1151:
notes in its
Proposed Risk Mitigation Decision for Nine Rodenticides that "without habitat modification to make areas less attractive to commensal rodents, even eradication will not prevent new populations from recolonizing the habitat." The United States Environmental Protection Agency has
880:
or 9mm
Flobert, and are commonly used by gardeners and farmers for snakes, rodents, birds, and other pest. Garden Guns are short-range weapons that can do little harm past 15 to 20 yards, and they're relatively quiet when fired with snake shot, compared to standard ammunition. These guns are
1391:
superfamily attack the dry, seasoned wood used as structural timber in houses and to make furniture. In most cases, it is the larvae that do the damage; these are invisible from the outside of the timber but are chewing away at the wood in the interior of the item. Examples of these are the
578:
will be developed. In this way, some of the most serious pests have developed resistance and are no longer killed by pesticides that used to kill their ancestors. This necessitates higher concentrations of chemical, more frequent applications and a movement to more expensive formulations.
630:
resistance to pests is referred to as host-plant resistance and reduces the need for pesticide use. These crops can harm or even kill pests, repel feeding, prevent colonization, or tolerate the presence of a pest without significantly impacting yield. Resistance can also occur through
904:
The most common shot cartridge is .22 Long Rifle loaded with #12 shot. At a distance of about 10 ft (3.0 m), which is about the maximum effective range, the pattern is about 8 in (20 cm) in diameter from a standard rifle. Special smoothbore shotguns, such as the
1602:
861:, synthetic volatile chemicals or ultraviolet light to attract the insects; some have a sticky base or an electrically charged grid to kill them. Glueboards are sometimes used for monitoring cockroaches and to catch rodents. Rodents can be killed by suitably baited
388:
that occur in a particular area by releasing more, either in small, repeated batches, or in a single large-scale release. Ideally, the released organism will breed and survive, and provide long-term control. Biological control can be an important component of an
1320:
can be used to identify problems, and heating, freezing, spraying the surface with insecticide, and fumigation will kill the insects when suitably applied. Susceptible items can be protected from attack by keeping them in clean airtight containers.
802:, has been monitored using pheromone traps in Canadian forests for several decades. In some regions, such as New Brunswick, areas of forest are sprayed with pesticide to control the budworm population and prevent the damage caused during outbreaks.
1420:
provide a chemical barrier that prevents termites from entering buildings, and lethal baits can be used; these are eaten by foraging insects, and carried back to the nest and shared with other members of the colony, which goes into slow decline.
865:
and can be caught in cage traps for relocation. Talcum powder or "tracking powder" can be used to establish routes used by rodents inside buildings and acoustic devices can be used for detecting beetles in structural timbers.
1246:
stage. Since pesticides are not safe to use near food, alternative treatments such as freezing for four days at 0 °F (−18 °C) or baking for half an hour at 130 °F (54 °C) should kill any insects present.
1152:
prescribed guidelines for natural rodent control and for safe trapping in residential areas with subsequent release to the wild. People sometimes attempt to limit rodent damage using repellents. Balsam fir oil from the tree
1056:(3-chloro-1,2-propanediol) attempted in the early 1970s for rat control, although these proved unsuccessful. In 2013, New York City tested sterilization traps, demonstrating a 43% reduction in rat populations. The product
187:
The conventional approach was probably the first to be employed, since it is comparatively easy to destroy weeds by burning them or ploughing them under, and to kill larger competing herbivores. Techniques such as
789:
have been used to monitor pest populations in the canopy. These release volatile chemicals that attract males. Pheromone traps can detect the arrival of pests or alert foresters to outbreaks. For example, the
602:
and other health problems in humans, as well as being harmful to wildlife. There can be acute effects immediately after exposure or chronic effects after continuous low-level, or occasional exposure.
246:
compounds were used to control the beetle and the predicted poisoning of the human population did not occur. This led the way to a widespread acceptance of insecticides across the continent. With the
299:
was brought to
Mauritius to control locusts, and about the same time, citrus trees in Burma were connected by bamboos to allow ants to pass between them and help control caterpillars. In the 1880s,
281:
to eliminate the ability of pests to reproduce or to modify their behavior to make them less troublesome. Biological control is first recorded around 300 AD in China, when colonies of weaver ants,
1333:, and various beetles which feed on the covers, paper, bindings and glue. They leave behind physical damage in the form of tiny holes as well as staining from their faeces. Book pests include the
207:
934:
the substance back to the colony, and for flies, a quick-acting substance to prevent further egg-laying and nuisance. Baits for slugs and snails often contain the molluscide
857:
caught and killed rodents using dogs and traps. On a domestic scale, sticky flypapers are used to trap flies. In larger buildings, insects may be trapped using such means as
3058:
639:, or papaya resistance to ringspot virus. When farmers are purchasing seed, variety information often includes resistance to selected pests in addition to other traits.
4608:
1353:
attack cloth bindings. These attacks are largely a problem with historic books, because modern bookbinding materials are less susceptible to this type of damage.
2919:
3338:
144:
and other organisms that share the habitat with humans, and that feed on or spoil possessions. Control of these pests is attempted through exclusion or
2071:
148:, repulsion, physical removal or chemical means. Alternatively, various methods of biological control can be used including sterilisation programmes.
2122:
1805:
482:, are very destructive pests of newly ploughed grassland, and repeated cultivation exposes them to the birds and other predators that feed on them.
762:
changes (e.g. animals avoiding human populated areas, crops and livestock), it can also result in unpredicted outcomes such as the targeted animal
1147:
organizations encourage natural form of rodent control through exclusion and predator support and preventing secondary poisoning altogether. The
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2283:
121:
which are resistant to pests. Where possible, biological means are used, encouraging the natural enemies of the pests and introducing suitable
909:
can produce effective patterns out to 15 or 20 yards using .22 WMR shotshells, which hold 1/8 oz. of #12 shot contained in a plastic capsule.
4028:
1148:
1061:
811:
are just a nuisance. Control of these pests has been attempted by improving sanitation and garbage control, modifying the habitat, and using
4433:
3563:
1905:"Evaluation of crop rotation for control of Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in commercial potato fields on Long Island"
4478:
881:
especially effective inside of barns and sheds, as the snake shot will not shoot holes in the roof or walls, or more importantly, injure
2787:
2608:
4372:
4158:
3362:
The
Problems of Birds as Pests: Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the Royal Geographical Society, London, on 28 and 29 September 1967
2998:
2475:
3018:
3339:
National
Academy of Sciences (U.S.). Panel on Perspectives in Mosquito-Control Methods Suitable for Developing Countries (1973).
2668:
1159:
3030:
4696:
3484:
3055:
2317:
Allendorf, Fred W.; Hard, Jeffrey J. "Human-induced evolution caused by unnatural selection through harvest of wild animals."
1904:
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2703:
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2051:
2024:
1823:
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Pesticides are intended to kill pests, but many have detrimental effects on non-target species; of particular concern is the
1458:
reducing accumulations of standing water. Other approaches include biological control of larvae by the use of fish or other
277:
The harmful side effect of pesticides on humans has now resulted in the development of newer approaches, such as the use of
1934:
Shelton, A. M.; Badenes-Perez, F. R. (6 December 2005). "Concepts and applications of trap cropping in pest management".
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and is one of the oldest methods of weed control as well as being useful for pest control; wireworms, the larvae of the
2906:
2809:
1646:
1974:"Designing an effective trap cropping strategy: the effects of attraction, retention and plant spatial distribution"
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156:
17:
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1620:
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have been banned on flowering crops in some countries because of their effects on bees. Some pesticides may cause
3126:
2927:
1607:
615:
1548:
Elliott, N. C., Farrell, J. A., Gutierrez, A. P., van
Lenteren, J. C., Walton, M. P., & Wratten, S. (1995).
4870:
3825:
2831:
2748:
1350:
2746:
Bowerman, Alan M.; Brooks, Joe E. (1971). "Evaluation of U-5897 as a male chemosterilant for rat control".
1519:
709:, may be targeted because they are deemed harmful to agricultural crops, livestock or facilities; serve as
2130:
1697:
3978:
2257:
1972:
Holden, Matthew H.; Ellner, Stephen P.; Lee, Doo-Hyung; Nyrop, Jan P.; Sanderson, John P. (1 June 2012).
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began scientifically surveying populations in 1972 and this was so useful that all Local
Authorities in
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without the use of pesticides, possibly due to the pests' ability to disperse back into the main field.
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3785:
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583:
389:
86:
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and where the insect does not disperse widely. This technique has been successfully used against the
414:
35:
3074:
2330:
967:
has traditionally been used to kill rodents, but many populations have developed resistance to this
3103:
2865:
2331:
Lieutier, François; Day, Keith R.; Battisti, Andrea; Grégoire, Jean-Claude; Evans, Hugh F. (2007).
2152:
1199:
1019:
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Israel were nearly wiped out following a period of intense poisoning of rats and other crop pests.
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involves trapping or killing pests such as insects and rodents. Historically, local people or paid
791:
621:
434:
295:
were used in paddy fields to consume pests, as illustrated in ancient cave art. In 1762, an Indian
262:, chemical pest control became widespread. In the 20th century, the discovery of several synthetic
168:, as there has always been a need to keep crops free from pests. As long ago as 3000 BC in Egypt,
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105:
93:
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and in this regard, the time of day when the spray is applied can be important. The widely used
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1529:
497:
398:
239:
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1874:
1762:
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2332:
1462:, genetic control, the introduction of pathogens, growth-regulating hormones, the release of
1373:
1223:
1215:
898:
850:
829:
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on the organisms being targeted. While varmint hunting is potentially selecting for desired
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603:
283:
211:
67:
63:
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3205:
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2422:
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2014:
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to physically track down, kill and remove them from the area. The culled animals, known as
5071:
4722:
3790:
2949:
1985:
1524:
1346:
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736:
575:
462:
is the use of hands-on techniques as well as simple equipment and devices, that provides a
50:
1947:
1116:
claims a reduction of 80% over only 2 years shortly thereafter. To better target efforts,
218:, have been used to control pests in China, Southeast Asia, and Africa for many centuries.
8:
4946:
4921:
4622:
4352:
3948:
3810:
3805:
3621:
3606:
2722:
Sterile Insect
Technique: Principles and Practice in Area-Wide Integrated Pest Management
2483:
1338:
1334:
1281:
1190:
942:
632:
215:
46:
1989:
1052:
To chemically sterilize pests using chemosterilants, laboratory studies conducted using
533:
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of agriculture in the 18th and 19th centuries, and the introduction of the insecticides
4913:
4736:
4615:
4601:
4497:
4298:
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3636:
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197:
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Swaddle, John P.; Moseley, Dana L.; Hinders, Mark K.; Peyton Smith, E. (6 May 2016).
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2047:
2020:
1998:
1973:
1951:
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1768:
1741:
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1393:
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Evidence of attack may be found in the form of tiny piles of book-dust and specks of
1276:
1169:
1121:
906:
479:
423:
247:
869:
Historically, firearms have been one of the primary methods used for pest control. "
570:
to kill insects. They can be applied as sprays by hand, tractors, or aircraft or as
4984:
4931:
4357:
4088:
3958:
3297:
2757:
2398:
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1993:
1943:
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Tending
Animals in the Global Village: A Guide to International Veterinary Medicine
1412:
1397:
1342:
1219:
1211:
1207:
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843:
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728:
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682:
652:
238:. Modern pest control was stimulated by the spread across the United States of the
114:
1819:
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4898:
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3938:
3923:
3178:
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2562:
2536:
2230:
1789:
1735:
1203:
664:
547:
463:
339:
82:
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4951:
4903:
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3933:
3772:
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1313:
1154:
1132:
1113:
1023:
786:
750:
Pest control via hunting, like all forms of harvest, has imposed an artificial
710:
489:
438:
406:, a bacterium that infects and kills mosquito larvae, in local water sources.
291:
plantations to control beetles and caterpillars. Also around 4000 BC in China,
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4772:
4756:
4717:
4674:
4537:
4418:
4362:
4334:
4241:
4231:
4063:
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3397:
2883:
1883:
Interactive
Agricultural Ecological Atlas of Russia and Neighboring Countries
1436:
1429:
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1080:
pesticide. The dosage and method must be carefully controlled and monitored.
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1038:
968:
785:
have no natural predators, enabling them to cause extensive economic damage.
595:
571:
485:
454:
351:
251:
189:
181:
2308:
Tellman, Barbara. "Varmint control in Cochise County over the years." (2005)
1920:
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4517:
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3732:
3722:
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3679:
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1955:
1235:
1231:
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430:
304:
1791:
Natural Enemies Handbook: The Illustrated Guide to Biological Pest Control
1408:
437:(adult and pupa shown), a serious pest of forests, can be monitored using
180:
were introduced into homes to control rodents and snakes, probably by the
5036:
4833:
4801:
4781:
4709:
4595:
4512:
4413:
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1514:
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3538:
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1788:
Flint, Maria Louise; Dreistadt, Steve H. (1998). Clark, Jack K. (ed.).
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145:
126:
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for pesticides in foodstuffs and animal feed are set by many nations.
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Plant resistance to arthropods: molecular and conventional approaches
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and other diseases. Historically they have been controlled by use of
1446:
1329:
Books are sometimes attacked by cockroaches, silverfish, book mites,
1317:
1136:
946:
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122:
110:
101:
2761:
2609:"Gamekeeper found guilty of poisoning 10 buzzards and a sparrowhawk"
2229:
Pedigo, Larry P.; Rice, Marlin E.; Krell, Rayda K. (15 March 2021).
1603:
The Complete Contented Cat: Your Ultimate Guide to Feline Fulfilment
1449:. Females of most species feed on blood and some act as vectors for
5010:
4751:
4731:
4663:
4565:
4560:
4532:
4507:
4463:
4443:
4148:
4133:
4023:
4008:
3963:
3913:
3850:
3631:
3588:
3568:
3533:
3513:
2334:
Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees in Europe, a Synthesis
1330:
964:
950:
886:
779:
755:
721:
702:
674:
300:
201:
177:
2920:"Help WildCare Pursue Stricter Rodenticide Controls in California"
2072:"Pesticides damage survival of bee colonies, landmark study shows"
1112:
dramatically reduced their rodent populations in the early 1970s.
990:
4941:
4926:
4828:
4761:
4501:
4393:
4344:
4138:
4128:
4108:
4098:
4058:
3983:
3875:
3845:
1450:
922:
890:
690:
670:
636:
475:
359:
Biological pest control is a method of controlling pests such as
231:
97:
78:
3206:"Conservation: Approaches to Insect Problems in Paper and Books"
5015:
4974:
4113:
4003:
3870:
3860:
3780:
3578:
2745:
2357:
1316:. In warehouses and museums, sticky traps baited with suitable
1309:
1305:
1117:
1089:
1053:
795:
706:
698:
599:
558:
are substances applied to crops to control pests, they include
471:
360:
288:
259:
173:
141:
133:
58:
4068:
3885:
3181:. Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California
3155:. Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California
1587:
Gerozisis, J., Hadlington, P. W., & Staunton, I. (2008).
1381:
1357:
1072:
678:
467:
296:
227:
3342:
Mosquito Control: Some Perspectives for Developing Countries
3269:
Gerozisis, John; Hadlington, Phillip; Staunton, Ion (2008).
2284:"Disease Resistant Vegetable Varieties | Cornell Vegetables"
2258:"Genetic Engineering and Plant Protection | Science of GMOs"
1760:
1712:
Orlob, G.B. (1973). "Ancient and medieval plant pathology".
172:
were used to control pests of grain stores such as rodents.
4570:
3840:
686:
538:
364:
292:
176:
were domesticated by 1500 BC in Europe for use as mousers.
169:
137:
118:
2016:
Agricultural Insect Pests of the Tropics and Their Control
1242:
infest stored dry foods such as flour, cereals and pasta.
651:
A contemporary wood engraving of varmint hunters shooting
4880:
3835:
3433:"Sonic net could save birds and aircraft, study suggests"
3385:
1454:
1173:
1076:
349:
adult with pupal cocoons on its host, a tobacco hornworm
303:
were used in citrus plantations in California to control
267:
196:(also known as intercropping or mixed cropping), and the
3358:
3019:
Balsam fir oil (129035) Fact Sheet | Pesticides | US EPA
1006:
the treatment, but it targets all life stages of pests.
635:
to have traits with resistance to insects, such as with
395:
For example: mosquitoes are often controlled by putting
2511:
Residential, Industrial, and Institutional Pest Control
2424:
Residential, Industrial, and Institutional Pest Control
2046:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 1–3.
1820:"Augmentation: The Periodic Release of Natural Enemies"
2507:
2420:
3075:"Mediterranean Flour Moth (Department of Entomology)"
2810:"ContraPest Rodent Control Product Wins EPA Approval"
2567:. Munn & Company. 26 September 1885. p. 195.
1060:
was approved for the sterilization of rodents by the
873:" are smooth bore shotguns specifically made to fire
488:
can help to control pests by depriving them of their
2999:"5 Reasons Why a DIY Approach to Pest Control Fails"
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2812:. Pest Control Technology, GIA Media. 12 August 2016
2725:. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 4.
1971:
1933:
1733:
1380:, in their burrows, which are partially filled with
673:
the pest animals — generally small- to medium-sized
655:, a varmint species that was known to damage crops.
132:In homes and urban environments, the pests are the
3320:. University of Kentucky: Entomology. 1 March 2004
2719:Dyck, V.A.; Hendrichs, J.; Robinson, A.S. (2006).
2534:
2069:
1662:
815:, growth regulators, traps, baits and pesticides.
2976:"Pest Control and Pesticide Safety for Consumers"
2846:
2834:. Pest Control Technology, GIA Media. 25 May 2017
2665:Insect Management for Food Storage and Processing
2503:
2501:
1661:Chrispeels, Maarten J.; Sadava, David E. (1994).
1396:, which attack the sapwood of hardwoods, and the
5084:
3226:
3079:Department of Entomology (Penn State University)
2606:
2583:"Farmer poisoned 24 animals in bid to kill wolf"
1372:House timber split open to reveal larvae of the
3458:Pest Control and Pesticide Safety for Consumers
3125:Hahn, Jeffrey; Jesse, Laura; Pellitteri, Phil.
2956:. USA Environment Protection Agency. March 2013
2691:
2416:
2414:
2319:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2232:Entomology and Pest Management: Seventh Edition
2228:
2039:
2012:
1158:is an EPA approved non-toxic rodent repellent.
659:resulted in complete extinction of the species.
4704:
3492:
2580:
2498:
1574:Flint, M. L., & Van den Bosch, R. (2012).
1445:Mosquitoes are midge-like flies in the family
4690:
3478:
3392:. Reed Business Information. pp. 44–47.
3299:NPMA Research Report On Subterranean Termites
3101:
2781:
2779:
2378:
2065:
2063:
1149:United States Environmental Protection Agency
1083:
945:in 1885 described effective elimination of a
3295:
2785:
2411:
2103:. National Institute of Environmental Health
1902:
1740:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–4.
1345:which attack leather-bound books, while the
1284:which deter adults, but to kill the larvae,
938:, dangerous to children and household pets.
496:, and has reduced early season incidence of
2859:
2698:. Cambridge University Press. p. 193.
2658:
2656:
2632:
2576:
2574:
1767:. Cambridge University Press. p. 147.
1698:"The History of Integrated Pest Management"
1606:, David & Charles, 2011, p.9. Archived
1292:or other insecticides may need to be used.
4697:
4683:
3485:
3471:
3220:
2896:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2776:
2387:"Management of Spruce Budworm Populations"
2358:Humme, Hans E.; Miller, Thomas A. (2012).
2060:
1576:Introduction to integrated pest management
1194:, attacks stored grain products worldwide.
422:exposes insect pests to predators such as
320:
3386:Reed Business Information (29 May 1986).
3354:
3352:
3314:"Termite Control: Answers for Homeowners"
3262:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3172:
3170:
3097:
3095:
2695:An Introduction to Arthropod Pest Control
2662:
2402:
2384:
2033:
1997:
1867:
1692:
1690:
1669:. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. p.
1300:Carpet beetles are members of the family
1127:
889:. They are also used for pest control at
492:. It is a major tactic in the control of
226:were first used around 2500 BC, when the
92:In agriculture, pests are kept at bay by
3146:
3144:
2860:Buckle, A. P.; Smith, Robert H. (2015).
2653:
2571:
2262:Genetic Engineering and Plant Protection
2208:. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer.
1729:
1727:
1578:. Springer Science & Business Media.
1552:. Springer Science & Business Media.
1479:
1428:
1367:
1253:
1183:
1131:
1010:minimize long-lasting residual effects.
989:
955:
916:
833:
823:
646:
532:
429:
413:
330:
206:
155:
57:
2739:
2669:American Association of Cereal Chemists
2255:
1761:van Emden, H.F.; Service, M.W. (2004).
1099:
960:Bait being placed in a rodent bait box.
160:Bronze cat, Ancient Egypt. (664–525 BC)
14:
5085:
3349:
3253:
3193:
3167:
3106:. Penn State: Department of Entomology
3092:
3023:
2639:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 262.
1687:
1618:
1304:, and while the adult beetles feed on
805:
669:Pest control can also be achieved via
4678:
3466:
3141:
3049:
2996:
2427:. UCANR Publications. pp. 2–17.
2351:
2203:
2101:National Institute of Health Sciences
1967:
1965:
1948:10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.150959
1724:
1711:
1650:, John Wiley & Sons, 2007, p. 45.
1561:Dent, D., & Binks, R. H. (2020).
77:is the regulation or management of a
66:applies low-insecticide bait against
45:. For the crossover thrash band, see
3302:. Dunn Loring, VA: NPMA. p. 41.
3176:
3150:
2473:
2467:
2006:
1879:L. - Common Click Beetle (Wireworm)"
1268:The larvae of clothes moths (mainly
1264:with characteristic damage to fabric
1064:in August 2016 as a chemosterilant.
1062:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3359:Murton, R.K.; Wright, E.N. (2013).
3345:. National Academies. pp. 2–6.
3258:. Skyhorse Publishing. p. 198.
3256:The Library: An Illustrated History
3233:. Skyhorse Publishing. p. 67.
3129:. University of Minnesota Extension
2607:Barkham, Patrick (2 October 2014).
2321:106. Supplement 1 (2009): 9987-9994
2070:Carrington, Damian (29 June 2017).
1927:
1258:Larva, pupa and adult clothes moth
1104:Rodent control is vital in cities.
409:
164:Pest control is at least as old as
24:
3272:Urban Pest Management in Australia
2788:"CTA to put rats on birth control"
2474:Eger, Christopher (28 July 2013).
2256:Stearns, Stacey (3 October 2017).
2127:Pesticide Safety Education Program
1962:
1826:from the original on 17 March 2016
1794:. University of California Press.
1619:Beadle, Muriel (29 October 1979).
1589:Urban pest management in Australia
818:
681:mammals or birds that inhabit the
315:
25:
5104:
5052:1,3-Difluoro-2-propanol (Gliftor)
3451:
3296:Thorne, Ph.D, Barbara L. (1999).
2786:Tracy Swartz (22 December 2014).
2482:. Outdoor Hub LLC. Archived from
1808:from the original on 15 May 2016.
1295:
1094:
310:
3275:. UNSW Press. pp. 131–135.
3102:Jacobs, Steve (1 January 2013).
2997:Craft, Stephanie (10 May 2017).
2361:Techniques in Pheromone Research
1999:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02137.x
1249:
1013:
998:of a house in the United States
912:
503:
3424:
3379:
3365:. Elsevier. pp. 100, 184.
3332:
3306:
3289:
3247:
3177:Choe, D.-H. (1 December 2012).
3118:
3067:
3012:
2990:
2968:
2942:
2912:
2824:
2802:
2712:
2685:
2626:
2600:
2555:
2541:Pests in Gardens and Landscapes
2528:
2441:
2324:
2311:
2302:
2276:
2249:
2222:
2204:Smith, Charles Michael (2005).
2197:
2171:
2145:
2115:
1896:
1838:
1812:
1781:
1754:
1469:
1179:
616:Plant defense against herbivory
287:, were intentionally placed in
113:when necessary, and by growing
49:. For the Devilhead album, see
4871:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine
3127:"Insect pests of stored foods"
2862:Rodent pests and their control
2749:Journal of Wildlife Management
2581:Anderson, Emma (9 June 2015).
1909:Journal of Economic Entomology
1665:Plants, Genes, and Agriculture
1654:
1639:
1612:
1594:
1581:
1568:
1555:
1542:
13:
1:
2663:Fred Baur (1 December 1984).
2636:Population Ecology of Raptors
2043:Pest Resistance to Pesticides
2019:. CUP Archive. pp. 4–5.
1734:van Emden, Helmut F. (1991).
1535:
1424:
1172:that repel animals including
1067:
979:
522:
3151:Choe, D.-H. (1 March 2013).
2950:"Safer Rodenticide Products"
2832:"Finding Money in the Attic"
1520:Nuisance wildlife management
1324:
7:
3979:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
2926:. Wild Care. Archived from
2508:Pat O'connor-marer (2006).
2421:Pat O'Connor-Marer (2006).
2264:. University of Connecticut
1936:Annual Review of Entomology
1822:. University of Wisconsin.
1498:
1403:
1198:Insect pests including the
773:
609:
10:
5109:
2288:www.vegetables.cornell.edu
1978:Journal of Applied Ecology
1714:Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten
1550:Integrated pest management
1473:
1363:
1087:
1084:Methods for specific pests
1017:
983:
827:
777:
768:faster reproductive cycles
662:
642:
619:
613:
590:, solitary bees and other
526:
507:
444:
390:integrated pest management
324:
274:boosted this development.
151:
87:integrated pest management
29:
27:Control of harmful species
5024:
5001:
4983:
4960:
4912:
4889:
4846:
4814:
4770:
4744:
4730:
4716:
4658:Purpureocillium lilacinum
4579:
4546:
4381:
4343:
4172:
3904:
3771:
3708:
3660:
3617:Chromated copper arsenate
3597:
3549:m-Cumenyl methylcarbamate
3504:
3227:Greenfield, Jane (2014).
3104:"Cereal and Pantry Pests"
3061:28 September 2007 at the
3056:World AgroForestry Centre
2535:Flint, M.L.; Wilen, C.A.
2385:Macdonald, D. R. (1968).
2364:. Springer. p. 432.
2185:. University of Wisconsin
1854:Colorado State University
474:. This is referred to as
242:. After much discussion,
3662:Insect growth regulators
2866:Wallingford, Oxfordshire
2692:Thacker, J.R.M. (2002).
2476:"Marlin 25MG Garden Gun"
2337:. Springer. p. 39.
2183:vegento.russell.wisc.edu
2153:"Maximum Residue Levels"
2123:"Toxicity of Pesticides"
2040:Georghiou, G.P. (2012).
2013:Hill, Dennis S. (1983).
1337:, and the larvae of the
1200:Mediterranean flour moth
1031:New World screw-worm fly
1020:Sterile insect technique
949:infestation using fresh
794:, a destructive pest of
622:Plant disease resistance
551:, a pine engraver beetle
4651:Paenibacillus popilliae
3254:Murray, Stuart (2009).
2453:Animal Policy In The EU
2179:"Host Plant Resistance"
1764:Pest and Vector Control
1510:Electronic pest control
1466:and mosquito trapping.
1387:Various beetles in the
1228:sawtoothed grain beetle
1145:wildlife rehabilitation
460:Mechanical pest control
447:Mechanical pest control
336:Biological pest control
327:Biological pest control
321:Biological pest control
4630:Metarhizium anisopliae
4609:Beauveria brongniartii
4590:Bacillus thuringiensis
3642:Lead hydrogen arsenate
3435:. University of Exeter
3230:The Care of Fine Books
2514:. UCANR Publications.
2391:The Forestry Chronicle
2129:. 2012. Archived from
1625:. Simon and Schuster.
1563:Insect pest management
1530:Wildlife contraceptive
1491:
1487:fan blades damaged by
1442:
1384:
1265:
1195:
1188:The red flour beetle,
1140:
1128:Natural rodent control
999:
961:
926:
847:
660:
604:Maximum residue limits
552:
498:Colorado potato beetle
442:
427:
399:Bacillus thuringiensis
356:
240:Colorado potato beetle
219:
161:
71:
4876:Chlorophenylsilatrane
4723:Vitamin K antagonists
4644:Lecanicillium lecanii
3208:. Harry Ransom Center
2868:, UK. p. x+422.
2480:Marlin Firearms Forum
2159:. European Commission
1921:10.1093/jee/77.5.1254
1903:Wright, R. j (1984).
1848:Bacillus thuringienis
1483:
1474:Further information:
1432:
1374:house longhorn beetle
1371:
1257:
1224:merchant grain beetle
1216:confused flour beetle
1187:
1135:
993:
959:
921:Rodent bait station,
920:
851:Physical pest control
837:
830:Physical pest control
824:Physical pest control
778:Further information:
697:— by employing human
650:
536:
433:
417:
369:using other organisms
334:
284:Oecophylla smaragdina
210:
204:have a long history.
159:
68:western corn rootworm
64:agricultural aircraft
61:
34:audio adventure, see
5072:Sodium fluoroacetate
3791:Carbon tetrachloride
2924:wildcarebayarea.org/
2633:Newton, Ian (2010).
2486:on 18 September 2016
2290:. Cornell University
1700:. Cornell University
1525:Rabbits in Australia
1271:Tineola bisselliella
1261:Tineola bisselliella
1100:Urban rodent control
214:, here feeding on a
51:Pest Control (album)
4922:Aluminium phosphide
4914:Inorganic compounds
4623:Metarhizium acridum
4353:Chlorantraniliprole
3949:Chlorpyrifos-methyl
3622:Copper(II) arsenate
3607:Aluminium phosphide
3599:Inorganic compounds
2564:Scientific American
1990:2012JApEc..49..715H
1347:common clothes moth
1339:black carpet beetle
1282:1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1191:Tribolium castaneum
943:Scientific American
806:In homes and cities
633:genetic engineering
592:pollinating insects
500:by as much as 95%.
480:common click beetle
47:Pest Control (band)
5032:α-Naphthylthiourea
4737:4-Hydroxycoumarins
4616:Isaria fumosorosea
4602:Beauveria bassiana
4498:Piperonyl butoxide
4299:chrysanthemic acid
3637:Diatomaceous earth
3416:has generic name (
3031:"PlantZAfrica.com"
2978:. 21 February 2013
2537:"Snails and slugs"
2404:10.5558/tfc44033-3
2235:. Waveland Press.
1492:
1443:
1394:powderpost beetles
1385:
1378:Hylotrupes bajulus
1266:
1196:
1170:chemical compounds
1161:Acacia polyacantha
1141:
1108:and cities across
1033:, some species of
1000:
962:
927:
848:
752:selective pressure
741:vulnerable species
733:population control
661:
566:to kill fungi and
553:
464:protective barrier
443:
428:
424:black-headed gulls
357:
355:(green background)
345:Cotesia congregata
279:biological control
220:
200:of pest-resistant
198:selective breeding
194:companion planting
162:
72:
5080:
5079:
4937:Calcium phosphide
4842:
4841:
4810:
4809:
4672:
4671:
4473:+milbemycin oxime
4154:Tetrachlorvinphos
4119:Pirimiphos-methyl
4079:Oxydemeton-methyl
3627:Copper(I) cyanide
3372:978-1-4832-6836-1
3282:978-0-86840-894-1
3240:978-1-62914-048-3
2875:978-1-78064-129-4
2790:. Chicago Tribune
2732:978-1-4020-4051-1
2705:978-0-521-56787-9
2678:978-0-913250-38-9
2646:978-1-4081-3854-0
2521:978-1-879906-70-9
2434:978-1-879906-70-9
2371:978-1-4612-5220-7
2344:978-1-4020-2241-8
2242:978-1-4786-4713-3
2215:978-1-4020-3702-3
2053:978-1-4684-4466-7
2026:978-0-521-24638-5
1877:Agriotes sputator
1801:978-0-520-21801-7
1774:978-0-521-01083-2
1747:978-0-521-42788-3
1680:978-0-86720-871-9
1632:978-0-671-25190-1
1608:from the Original
1398:furniture beetles
1277:Tinea pellionella
1122:England and Wales
907:Marlin Model 25MG
838:Dog control van,
695:human settlements
683:ecological niches
653:passenger pigeons
626:Using crops with
248:industrialisation
182:ancient Egyptians
16:(Redirected from
5100:
4985:Organophosphorus
4947:Thallium sulfate
4932:Barium carbonate
4771:2nd generation (
4742:
4741:
4728:
4727:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4676:
4675:
4358:Cyantraniliprole
4089:Parathion-methyl
3959:Demeton-S-methyl
3906:Organophosphorus
3487:
3480:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3401:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3356:
3347:
3346:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3202:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3179:"Carpet beetles"
3174:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3148:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3099:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3071:
3065:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3033:. Archived from
3027:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2916:
2910:
2901:
2895:
2887:
2857:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2743:
2737:
2736:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2660:
2651:
2650:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2578:
2569:
2568:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2455:. European Union
2445:
2439:
2438:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2328:
2322:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2280:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2067:
2058:
2057:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1915:(5): 1254–1259.
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1668:
1658:
1652:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1616:
1610:
1598:
1592:
1585:
1579:
1572:
1566:
1559:
1553:
1546:
1351:brown house moth
1343:drugstore beetle
1220:red flour beetle
1212:drugstore beetle
1208:cigarette beetle
1049:, among others.
844:Himachal Pradesh
576:resistant strain
410:Cultural control
21:
18:Plant protection
5108:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5076:
5042:Fluoroacetamide
5020:
4997:
4979:
4956:
4908:
4899:Cholecalciferol
4885:
4861:Phenylsilatrane
4838:
4824:Chlorophacinone
4816:1,3-Indandiones
4806:
4766:
4735:
4721:
4712:
4703:
4673:
4668:
4637:Nomuraea rileyi
4575:
4542:
4382:Other chemicals
4377:
4339:
4168:
3939:Chlorfenvinphos
3924:Azinphos-methyl
3900:
3773:Organochlorides
3767:
3704:
3656:
3652:Scheele's Green
3593:
3500:
3491:
3454:
3449:
3448:
3438:
3436:
3429:
3425:
3413:
3412:
3403:
3402:
3384:
3380:
3373:
3357:
3350:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3318:Termite control
3312:
3311:
3307:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3267:
3263:
3252:
3248:
3241:
3225:
3221:
3211:
3209:
3204:
3203:
3194:
3184:
3182:
3175:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3153:"Clothes moths"
3149:
3142:
3132:
3130:
3123:
3119:
3109:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3063:Wayback Machine
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2930:on 5 March 2014
2918:
2917:
2913:
2889:
2888:
2876:
2858:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2762:10.2307/3799765
2744:
2740:
2733:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2579:
2572:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2506:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2472:
2468:
2458:
2456:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2419:
2412:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2329:
2325:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2267:
2265:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2160:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2136:
2134:
2133:on 21 July 2021
2121:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2011:
2007:
1970:
1963:
1932:
1928:
1901:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1802:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1732:
1725:
1703:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1659:
1655:
1645:Sherman, D.M.,
1644:
1640:
1633:
1617:
1613:
1599:
1595:
1586:
1582:
1573:
1569:
1560:
1556:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1501:
1478:
1472:
1427:
1406:
1366:
1327:
1314:vacuum cleaners
1298:
1252:
1204:Indian mealmoth
1182:
1130:
1124:soon followed.
1102:
1097:
1092:
1086:
1070:
1026:
1016:
988:
982:
915:
832:
826:
821:
819:General methods
808:
787:Pheromone traps
782:
776:
667:
665:Varmint hunting
645:
624:
618:
612:
562:to kill weeds,
548:Ips sexdentatus
531:
525:
512:
506:
457:
445:Main articles:
439:pheromone traps
418:Cultivation by
412:
371:. It relies on
340:parasitoid wasp
329:
323:
318:
316:Control methods
313:
212:Red weaver ants
154:
54:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5106:
5096:
5095:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5007:
5005:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4989:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4966:
4964:
4962:Organochlorine
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4952:Zinc phosphide
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4918:
4916:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4904:Ergocalciferol
4901:
4895:
4893:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4852:
4850:
4844:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4820:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4773:Superwarfarins
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4748:
4746:
4745:1st generation
4739:
4725:
4718:Anticoagulants
4714:
4713:
4702:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4679:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4612:
4605:
4598:
4593:
4585:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4552:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4454:Hydramethylnon
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4385:
4383:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4349:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4178:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3934:Chlorethoxyfos
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3714:
3712:
3710:Neonicotinoids
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3666:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3453:
3452:External links
3450:
3447:
3446:
3423:
3378:
3371:
3348:
3331:
3305:
3288:
3281:
3261:
3246:
3239:
3219:
3192:
3166:
3140:
3117:
3091:
3066:
3048:
3037:on 14 May 2011
3022:
3011:
2989:
2967:
2941:
2911:
2874:
2845:
2823:
2801:
2775:
2756:(4): 618–624.
2738:
2731:
2711:
2704:
2684:
2677:
2652:
2645:
2625:
2599:
2570:
2554:
2527:
2520:
2497:
2466:
2440:
2433:
2410:
2377:
2370:
2350:
2343:
2323:
2310:
2301:
2275:
2248:
2241:
2221:
2214:
2196:
2170:
2144:
2114:
2088:
2059:
2052:
2032:
2025:
2005:
1984:(3): 715–722.
1961:
1942:(1): 285–308.
1926:
1895:
1866:
1837:
1811:
1800:
1780:
1773:
1753:
1746:
1723:
1686:
1679:
1653:
1638:
1631:
1611:
1593:
1580:
1567:
1554:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1471:
1468:
1441:biting a human
1426:
1423:
1405:
1402:
1365:
1362:
1326:
1323:
1297:
1296:Carpet beetles
1294:
1251:
1248:
1181:
1178:
1155:Abies balsamea
1129:
1126:
1114:Rio de Janeiro
1101:
1098:
1096:
1095:Rodent control
1093:
1085:
1082:
1069:
1066:
1024:Chemosterilant
1015:
1012:
984:Main article:
981:
978:
941:An article in
914:
911:
828:Main article:
825:
822:
820:
817:
807:
804:
792:spruce budworm
775:
772:
725:across species
663:Main article:
644:
641:
611:
608:
596:neonicotinoids
572:seed dressings
527:Main article:
524:
521:
508:Main article:
505:
502:
435:Spruce budworm
411:
408:
325:Main article:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
311:In agriculture
309:
153:
150:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5105:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4888:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4813:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4769:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4757:Coumatetralyl
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4700:
4695:
4693:
4688:
4686:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4581:Biopesticides
4578:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4539:
4538:Metaflumizone
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4419:Chlordimeform
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4380:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4363:Flubendiamide
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4336:
4335:Transfluthrin
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4242:Fenpropathrin
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4232:Esfenvalerate
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4064:Monocrotophos
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4044:Methamidophos
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
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3675:Diflubenzuron
3673:
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3414:|author=
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3389:New Scientist
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2036:
2028:
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2018:
2017:
2009:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
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1597:
1591:. UNSW Press.
1590:
1584:
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1438:
1437:Aedes aegypti
1431:
1422:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1389:Bostrichoidea
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1335:larder beetle
1332:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1263:
1262:
1256:
1250:Clothes moths
1247:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1165:campylacantha
1162:
1157:
1156:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1106:New York City
1091:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1043:pink bollworm
1040:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1021:
1014:Sterilization
1011:
1007:
1004:
997:
992:
987:
977:
974:
970:
969:anticoagulant
966:
958:
954:
952:
948:
944:
939:
937:
932:
924:
919:
913:Poisoned bait
910:
908:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
879:
876:
872:
867:
864:
860:
856:
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797:
793:
788:
781:
771:
769:
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761:
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753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
735:as a mean of
734:
730:
726:
723:
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712:
708:
704:
700:
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692:
688:
684:
680:
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573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
550:
549:
544:
540:
535:
530:
520:
517:
511:
504:Trap cropping
501:
499:
495:
494:corn rootworm
491:
487:
486:Crop rotation
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
455:Crop rotation
452:
448:
440:
436:
432:
425:
421:
416:
407:
405:
401:
400:
393:
391:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
354:
353:
352:Manduca sexta
348:
346:
341:
337:
333:
328:
308:
306:
305:scale insects
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:mechanization
249:
245:
241:
237:
234:compounds as
233:
229:
225:
217:
213:
209:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
190:crop rotation
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
158:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
107:
103:
99:
95:
90:
88:
84:
81:defined as a
80:
76:
69:
65:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
42:
38:
33:
19:
5093:Pest control
5067:Scilliroside
5047:Flupropadine
4797:Difethialone
4787:Bromadiolone
4710:Rodenticides
4706:Pest control
4705:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4588:
4523:Tebufenpyrad
4518:Tebufenozide
4424:Chlorfenapyr
4399:Azadirachtin
4330:Tralomethrin
4325:Tetramethrin
4267:Metofluthrin
4222:Deltamethrin
4217:Cyphenothrin
4212:Cypermethrin
4197:Bioallethrin
4144:Tebupirimfos
4049:Methidathion
4019:Fenitrothion
3944:Chlorpyrifos
3919:Azamethiphos
3881:Methoxychlor
3763:Thiamethoxam
3753:Paichongding
3738:Imidaclothiz
3733:Imidacloprid
3723:Clothianidin
3700:Pyriproxyfen
3680:Flufenoxuron
3670:Benzoylureas
3529:Butocarboxim
3498:Insecticides
3494:Pest control
3493:
3437:. Retrieved
3426:
3388:
3381:
3361:
3341:
3334:
3322:. Retrieved
3317:
3308:
3298:
3291:
3271:
3264:
3255:
3249:
3229:
3222:
3210:. Retrieved
3183:. Retrieved
3157:. Retrieved
3131:. Retrieved
3120:
3108:. Retrieved
3082:. Retrieved
3078:
3069:
3051:
3039:. Retrieved
3035:the original
3025:
3014:
3002:. Retrieved
2992:
2980:. Retrieved
2970:
2958:. Retrieved
2953:
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2928:the original
2923:
2914:
2861:
2836:. Retrieved
2826:
2814:. Retrieved
2804:
2792:. Retrieved
2753:
2747:
2741:
2721:
2714:
2694:
2687:
2664:
2635:
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2613:The Guardian
2612:
2602:
2590:. Retrieved
2586:
2563:
2557:
2545:. Retrieved
2540:
2530:
2510:
2490:17 September
2488:. Retrieved
2484:the original
2479:
2469:
2457:. Retrieved
2452:
2443:
2423:
2397:(3): 33–36.
2394:
2390:
2380:
2360:
2353:
2333:
2326:
2318:
2313:
2304:
2292:. Retrieved
2287:
2278:
2266:. Retrieved
2261:
2251:
2231:
2224:
2205:
2199:
2187:. Retrieved
2182:
2173:
2161:. Retrieved
2156:
2147:
2135:. Retrieved
2131:the original
2126:
2117:
2105:. Retrieved
2100:
2097:"Pesticides"
2091:
2079:. Retrieved
2076:The Guardian
2075:
2042:
2035:
2015:
2008:
1981:
1977:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1886:. Retrieved
1882:
1876:
1869:
1857:. Retrieved
1847:
1840:
1828:. Retrieved
1814:
1790:
1783:
1763:
1756:
1737:Pest Control
1736:
1717:
1713:
1710:which cites
1702:. Retrieved
1664:
1656:
1647:
1641:
1621:
1614:
1601:
1600:Taylor, D.,
1596:
1588:
1583:
1575:
1570:
1562:
1557:
1549:
1544:
1493:
1470:On airfields
1444:
1434:
1418:termiticides
1407:
1386:
1377:
1355:
1328:
1299:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1259:
1244:
1236:maize weevil
1232:wheat weevil
1197:
1189:
1180:Pantry pests
1164:
1160:
1153:
1142:
1103:
1071:
1051:
1047:codling moth
1027:
1008:
1001:
963:
940:
928:
903:
868:
863:spring traps
855:rat-catchers
849:
809:
783:
749:
668:
625:
581:
568:insecticides
554:
546:
513:
484:
458:
403:
396:
394:
358:
350:
343:
282:
276:
264:insecticides
236:insecticides
221:
186:
163:
131:
91:
75:Pest control
74:
73:
55:
40:
37:Pest Control
36:
31:
5037:Bromethalin
4891:Calciferols
4848:Convulsants
4834:Diphacinone
4802:Flocoumafen
4782:Brodifacoum
4596:Baculovirus
4548:Metabolites
4513:Sulfluramid
4315:Silafluofen
4282:Prallethrin
4262:Imiprothrin
4257:Fluvalinate
4247:Fenvalerate
4207:Cyhalothrin
4182:Acrinathrin
4174:Pyrethroids
4164:Trichlorfon
4029:Fosthiazate
3974:Dicrotophos
3758:Thiacloprid
3728:Dinotefuran
3718:Acetamiprid
3647:Paris Green
3554:Ethienocarb
3544:Carbosulfan
3324:3 September
3212:2 September
3185:1 September
3159:1 September
3084:14 November
2960:23 February
2934:28 February
2816:11 November
2294:13 November
2268:13 November
2189:13 November
1515:Garden guns
1505:Bee removal
1489:bird strike
1476:Bird strike
1302:Dermestidae
1290:pyrethroids
1240:rice weevil
1168:root emits
1139:infestation
1039:fruit flies
1037:, tropical
936:metaldehyde
875:.22 caliber
871:Garden Guns
760:demographic
756:behavioural
657:Overhunting
628:inheritable
543:insecticide
490:host plants
451:Insect trap
404:israelensis
392:programme.
166:agriculture
5057:Norbormide
5003:Carbamates
4993:Phosacetim
4970:Chloralose
4866:Strychnine
4792:Difenacoum
4528:Veracevine
4459:Indoxacarb
4449:Fluralaner
4439:Fenoxycarb
4434:Fenazaquin
4429:Cyromazine
4409:Buprofezin
4389:Afoxolaner
4320:Tefluthrin
4310:Resmethrin
4277:Phenothrin
4272:Permethrin
4252:Flumethrin
4237:Etofenprox
4227:Empenthrin
4202:Cyfluthrin
4192:Bifenthrin
4187:Allethrins
4124:Quinalphos
4094:Phenthoate
4034:Isoxathion
4014:Fenamiphos
3999:Disulfoton
3994:Dioxathion
3989:Dimethoate
3969:Dichlorvos
3891:Tetradifon
3866:Heptachlor
3856:Endosulfan
3801:Cyclodiene
3748:Nithiazine
3743:Nitenpyram
3695:Methoprene
3685:Hydroprene
3612:Boric acid
3564:Isoprocarb
3559:Fenobucarb
3539:Carbofuran
3524:Bendiocarb
3506:Carbamates
3041:17 January
2794:10 January
2449:"ESDAW-EU"
1850:Factsheet"
1536:References
1485:Jet engine
1464:pheromones
1425:Mosquitoes
1318:pheromones
1286:permethrin
1088:See also:
1068:Insulation
1058:ContraPest
1035:tsetse fly
1018:See also:
1003:Fumigation
996:fumigation
986:Fumigation
980:Fumigation
973:difenacoum
899:stockyards
895:warehouses
878:snake shot
859:pheromones
840:Rekong Peo
813:repellents
800:balsam fir
745:ecosystems
737:protecting
620:See also:
614:See also:
588:honey-bees
564:fungicides
560:herbicides
556:Pesticides
541:logs with
523:Pesticides
385:parasitody
377:parasitism
272:herbicides
266:, such as
224:pesticides
146:quarantine
111:pesticides
106:biological
94:mechanical
89:strategy.
41:Doctor Who
32:Doctor Who
5062:Pyrinuron
4856:Crimidine
4732:Coumarins
4494:Adjuvants
4489:Sarolaner
4484:Pyriprole
4479:Pyridaben
4469:Lotilaner
4404:Bensultap
4368:Ryanodine
4305:Pyrethrum
4287:Pyrethrin
4104:Phosalone
4084:Parathion
4074:Omethoate
4054:Mevinphos
4039:Malathion
3954:Coumaphos
3929:Bensulide
3896:Toxaphene
3796:Chlordane
3690:Lufenuron
3584:Promecarb
3574:Metolcarb
3519:Aminocarb
3439:28 August
3406:cite book
3398:0262-4079
3133:30 August
3110:30 August
2892:cite book
2884:909425458
2618:29 August
2592:29 August
2587:The Local
2547:28 August
2459:30 August
2163:27 August
2137:27 August
2081:27 August
1888:27 August
1830:27 August
1720:: 65–294.
1704:27 August
1460:predators
1447:Culicidae
1433:Mosquito
1325:Bookworms
1137:Brown rat
1110:the state
947:cockroach
929:Poisoned
883:livestock
731:; or for
729:to humans
722:pathogens
693:or other
537:Spraying
529:Pesticide
516:trap crop
510:Trap crop
420:ploughing
381:herbivory
373:predation
301:ladybirds
256:pyrethrum
244:arsenical
228:Sumerians
222:Chemical
202:cultivars
178:Mongooses
127:parasites
123:predators
115:varieties
109:applying
5087:Category
5011:Aldicarb
4752:Warfarin
4664:Spinosad
4566:Paraoxon
4561:Malaoxon
4533:Xanthone
4508:Spinosad
4464:Limonene
4444:Fipronil
4373:Ryanodol
4345:Ryanoids
4159:Tribufos
4149:Terbufos
4134:Schradan
4024:Fenthion
4009:Ethoprop
3964:Diazinon
3914:Acephate
3851:Dieldrin
3786:Beta-HCH
3632:Cryolite
3589:Propoxur
3569:Methomyl
3534:Carbaryl
3514:Aldicarb
3059:Archived
2543:. UC IPM
1956:16332213
1824:Archived
1806:Archived
1499:See also
1413:colonies
1409:Termites
1404:Termites
1349:and the
1341:and the
1331:booklice
1238:and the
1143:Several
1045:and the
965:Warfarin
951:cucumber
891:airports
887:ricochet
780:Forestry
774:Forestry
764:adapting
719:transmit
703:trappers
691:pastures
610:Genetics
586:done to
545:against
466:between
102:chemical
98:cultural
30:For the
4942:Cyanide
4927:Arsenic
4829:Pindone
4762:Fumarin
4502:Sesamex
4394:Amitraz
4139:Temefos
4129:R-16661
4109:Phosmet
4099:Phorate
4059:Mipafox
3984:Dimefox
3876:Lindane
3846:Dicofol
3821:1,2-DCE
3816:1,1-DCE
3811:1,4-DCB
3806:1,2-DCB
3004:23 July
2982:23 July
2954:epa.gov
2770:3799765
2107:5 April
1986:Bibcode
1565:. Cabi.
1451:malaria
1364:Beetles
1163:subsp.
953:peels.
925:, India
923:Chennai
901:, etc.
885:with a
846:, India
715:vectors
699:hunters
671:culling
643:Hunting
637:Bt corn
476:tillage
472:insects
361:insects
232:sulphur
174:Ferrets
152:History
142:insects
134:rodents
79:species
5025:Others
5016:T-1152
4975:Endrin
4414:Cartap
4114:Phoxim
4004:Ethion
3871:Kepone
3861:Endrin
3781:Aldrin
3579:Oxamyl
3396:
3369:
3279:
3237:
2905:
2882:
2872:
2838:7 June
2768:
2729:
2702:
2675:
2643:
2518:
2431:
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