Cruise ship - Knowledge

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steadily increased. Visitors generally spend money when travelling, and this is measured in two distinct areas: the cruising companies themselves and the visitors. There are no current numbers for cruise specific passenger spending ashore, but the overall visitor expenditure can be measured. Tours accounted for $ 394 million (18%), gifts and souvenirs $ 427 million (20%), food $ 428 million (20%), transportation $ 258 million (12%), lodging $ 454 million (21%), and other $ 217 million (10%). The second main area of economic growth comes from what the cruising companies and their crews spend themselves. Cruise liners spend around $ 297 million on the items that come in their packages on board and ashore as parts of group tours: things like stagecoach rides and boat tours on smaller vessels throughout their ports of call. This money is paid to the service providers by the cruise line company. Cruise liner crew are also a revenue generator, with 27,000 crew members visiting Alaska in 2017 alone, generating about $ 22 million. 2017 was also a good year for job generation within Alaska: 43,300 jobs were created, bringing in $ 1.5 billion in labor costs, and a total income of $ 4.5 billion was generated. These jobs were scattered across all of Alaska. Southeast Alaska had 11,925 jobs ($ 455 million labor income), Southwest 1,800 jobs ($ 50 million labor income), South Central 20,700 jobs ($ 761 million Labor income), Interior 8,500 jobs ($ 276 million labor income), Far North 375 jobs ($ 13 M labor income). Labor income is shown in the graph below.

1286:, as passenger spending aboard generates significantly more than ticket sales. The passenger's ticket includes the stateroom accommodation, room service, unlimited meals in the main dining room (or main restaurant) and buffet, access to shows, and use of pool and gym facilities, while there is a daily gratuity charge to cover housekeeping and waiter service. However, there are extra charges for alcohol and soft drinks, official cruise photos, Internet and wi-fi access, and specialty restaurants. Cruise lines earn significantly from selling onshore excursions offered by local contractors; keeping 50% or more of what passengers spend for these tours. In addition, cruise ships earn significant commissions on sales from onshore stores that are promoted on board as "preferred" (as much as 40% of gross sales). Facilitating this practice are modern cruise terminals with establishments of duty-free shops inside a perimeter accessible only by passengers and not by locals. Ports of call have often oriented their own businesses and facilities towards meeting the needs of visiting cruise ships. In one case, 954: 1163: 1212: 1145: 96: 732: 1128: 1111: 1195: 2608:(MOBs). From 2000 to 2018 more than 300 people fell off cruise ships or large ferries, which is an average of about 1.5 people each month. Of those, only about 17 to 25 percent were rescued. Critics of the industry blame alcohol promotion for many passenger deaths, and poor labour conditions for crew suicides. They also point to underinvestment in the latest MOB sensors, a lack of regulation and consumer protection, and a lack of on-board counselling services for crew. The industry blames irresponsible behaviour by passengers, and says overboard sensors are unreliable and generate false alarms. 8430: 321: 572: 1440: 1227: 2818: 790: 2643:. This is due to large open spaces and the extensive use of aluminium, high-strength steel and other lightweight materials in the upper parts, and the fact that the heaviest components—engines, propellers, fuel tanks and such—are located at the bottom of the hull. Thus, even though modern cruise ships may appear tall, proper weight distribution ensures that they are not top-heavy. Furthermore, large cruise ships tend to be very wide, which considerably increases their initial stability by increasing the 2993: 3206: 891: 670: 992:

range of ethnically themed restaurants aboard each ship. Ships also feature numerous bars and nightclubs for passenger entertainment; the majority of cruise lines do not include alcoholic beverages in their fares and passengers are expected to pay for drinks as they consume them. Most cruise lines also prohibit passengers from bringing aboard and consuming their own beverages, including alcohol, while aboard. Alcohol purchased duty-free is sealed and returned to passengers when they disembark.

1448: 1178: 205: 2984: 2244: 1270:, because these are workers who can be paid low wages and can be given poor conditions, and on the other hand, they speak English well, and they have high service standard. Another source of manpower comes from Eastern Europe, the Caribbean, and Central America. While several cruise lines are headquartered in the United States, like most international shipping companies, ships are registered in countries such as the Netherlands, the UK, the Bahamas, and Panama. The 8304: 3192: 3011: 1533: 3002: 47: 2621: 625: 60: 1094: 8324: 933: 8314: 73: 389:, and staterooms with finer appointments. In the late-19th century, Albert Ballin, director of the Hamburg-America Line, was the first to send his transatlantic ships out on long southern cruises during the worst of the North Atlantic winter seasons. Other companies followed suit. Some of them built specialized ships designed for easy transformation between summer crossings and winter cruising. 512:(1969) were designed to serve the dual purposes of ocean liner during the northern hemisphere summer months and cruise ship in the winter, incorporating doors and baffles that could be open or closed to divide classes or open the ship to one class, wherein all passengers received roughly the same quality berthing and most of the same facilities. (Passengers in cabins in certain grades on the 6271: 908: 2015:) studies conducted around the cruise industry specifically in the US and more specifically Alaska. In 2016, Alaskan cruises generated nearly 5 million passenger and crew visits, 20.3% of all passenger and crew visits in the US. (NASDAQ, 2017) Cruise lines frequently bring passengers to Glacier Bay National Park, Ketchikan, Anchorage, Skagway, and the state's capital, Juneau. 455: 601:-class ships were the first "megaships" to be built specifically for the mass cruising market. They also were the first series of cruise ships to include a multi-story lobby with a glass elevator and had a single deck devoted entirely to cabins with private balconies, instead of oceanview cabins. Other cruise lines soon launched ships with similar attributes, such as the 971:

want. Having two dinner times allows the ship to have enough time and space to accommodate all of their guests. Having two different dinner services can cause some conflicts with some of the ship's events (such as shows and performances) for the late diners, but this problem is usually fixed by having a shorter version of the event take place before late dinner.

1274:'s 2006 Maritime Labour Convention, also known as the "Seafarers' Bill of Rights," provides comprehensive rights and protections for all crew members. The ILO sets rigorous standards regarding hours of work and rest, health and safety, and living conditions for crew members, and requires governments to ensure that ships carrying their flags comply. 2710:, the CDC reported that, "Perceptions that cruise ships can be luxury breeding grounds for acute gastroenteritis outbreaks don't hold water. A recent CDC report showed that from 2008 to 2014, only 0.18% of more than 73 million cruise passengers and 0.15% of some 28 million crew members reported symptoms of the illness." 2958:, spoke out in favour of limiting the number of cruise ships arriving in the city. Currently up to 200,000 people disembark each month in peak season, Colau's new measures could halve this. In a 2019 study by Transport and Environment, Barcelona ranked as the worst cruise port for air pollution in Europe. 2713:

Ships docked in port undergo surprise health inspections. In 2009, ships that underwent unannounced inspections by the CDC received an average CDC Vessel Sanitation Program score of approximately 97 out of a total possible 100 points. The minimum passing inspection score is 85. Collaboration with the

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Visitor volume is represented by overall visitors entering Alaskan waters and/or airspace. Between October 2016 and September 2017 Alaska had about 2.2 million visitors; 49% of those were through the cruise industry. That 2.2 million was a 27% increase since 2009, and the volume overall has

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for an average of 18 days, served as floating hotels to help accommodate the large influx of visitors to the Games. They were available to sponsors and hosted 11,000 guests a day, making it the second largest concentration of Olympic accommodation behind the Olympic Village. This hosting solution has

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A wave of failures and consolidations in the 1990s led to many cruise lines being bought by much larger holding companies and continue to operate as "brands" or subsidiaries of the holding company. Brands continue to be maintained partly because of the expectation of repeat customer loyalty, and also

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Historically, the cruise ship business has been volatile. The ships are large capital investments with high operating costs. A persistent decrease in bookings can put a company in financial jeopardy. Cruise lines have sold, renovated, or renamed their ships to keep up with travel trends. Cruise lines

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requires that cruise ships must use fuel containing no more than 0.10% sulphur or make use of exhaust gas scrubbers to reduce sulfur oxide emissions to no worse than an engine running on <0.1% sulfur fuel. Cruise ships may use 60 percent of the fuel energy for propulsion, and 40 percent for hotel

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operates medium-sized vessels—smaller than the "megaships" of Carnival and Royal Caribbean—designed such that virtually all of their suites are balconies. Several specialty lines offer "expedition cruising" or only operate small ships, visiting certain destinations such as the Arctic and Antarctica,

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As of November 2022 there were 302 cruise ships operating worldwide, with a combined capacity of 664,602 passengers. Cruising has become a major part of the tourism industry, with an estimated market of $ 29.4 billion per year, and over 19 million passengers carried worldwide annually

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Operators of cruise ships are known as cruise lines. Cruise ships are organized much like floating hotels, with a complete hospitality staff in addition to the usual ship's crew. Traditionally, the ships' restaurants organize two dinner services per day, early dining and late dining, and passengers

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Dining on almost all cruise ships is included in the cruise price. Traditionally, the ships' restaurants organize two dinner services per day, early dining and late dining, and passengers are allocated a set dining time for the entire cruise; a recent trend is to allow diners to dine whenever they

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that sell cruises to the public. Cruise lines have a dual character; they are partly in the transportation business, and partly in the leisure entertainment business, a duality that carries down into the ships themselves, which have both a crew headed by the ship's captain, and a hospitality staff

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Living arrangements vary by cruise line, but mostly by shipboard position. In general two employees share a cabin with a shower, commode and a desk with a television set, while senior officers are assigned single cabins. There is a set of facilities for the crew separate from that for passengers,

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Besides the dining room, modern cruise ships often contain one or more casual buffet-style eateries, which may be open 24 hours and with menus that vary throughout the day to provide meals ranging from breakfast to late-night snacks. In recent years, cruise lines have started to include a diverse

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have a standard dining room and "upgrade" specialty restaurants that require pre-booking and cover charges. Many cruises schedule one or more "formal dining" nights. Guests dress "formally", however that is defined for the ship, often suits and ties or even tuxedos for men, and formal dresses for

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The common practice in the cruise industry in listing cruise ship transfers and orders is to list the smaller operating company, not the larger holding corporation, as the recipient cruise line of the sale, transfer, or new order. In other words, Carnival Cruise Line and Holland America Line, for

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In two short decades (1988–2009), the largest class cruise ships have grown a third longer (268 to 364.75 m, 879 ft 3 in to 1,196 ft 8 in), doubled their widths (32.2 to 65.7 m, 105 ft 8 in to 215 ft 7 in), nearly tripled the total passenger count

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a recent study by economic consultant G.P. Wild – commissioned by the cruise industry's trade group and released in March 2019 – argued that cruises are getting safer over time. The study claims that, even as capacity increased 55 percent between 2009 and 2018, the number of overall "operational

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Travel to and from the port of departure is usually the passengers' responsibility, although purchasing a transfer pass from the cruise line for the trip between the airport and cruise terminal will guarantee that the ship will not leave until the passenger is aboard. Similarly, if the passenger

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Crew are usually hired on three to eleven month contracts which may then be renewed as mutually agreed, depending on service ratings from passengers as well as the cyclical nature of the cruise line operator. Most staff work 77-hour work weeks for 10 months continuously followed by two months of

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in the 1960s, intercontinental travelers switched from ships to planes, sending the ocean liner trade into a terminal decline. Certain characteristics of older ocean liners made them unsuitable for cruising duties, such as high fuel consumption, deep draught preventing them from entering shallow

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Norovirus outbreaks are often perceived to be associated with cruise ships. According to the United States CDC, the factors that cause norovirus to be associated with cruise ships include the closer tracking and faster reporting of illnesses on cruise ships compared to those on land; the closer

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The Caribbean cruising industry is one of the largest in the world, responsible for over $ 2 billion in direct revenue to the Caribbean islands in 2012. Over 45,000 people from the Caribbean are directly employed in the cruise industry. An estimated 17,457,600 cruise passengers visited the

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market their fares as "all-inclusive". For example, the base fare on Regent Seven Seas ships includes most alcoholic beverages on board ship and most shore excursions in ports of call, as well as all gratuities that would normally be paid to hotel staff on the ship. The fare may also include a

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Passengers on cruise vessels have an inadequate appreciation of their potential vulnerability to crime while on ocean voyages, and those who may be victimized lack the information they need to understand their legal rights or to know whom to contact for help in the immediate aftermath of the

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As a result, cruise ships have implemented various security measures. While most merchant shipping firms have generally avoided arming crew or security guards for reasons of safety, liability and conformity with the laws of the countries where they dock, cruise ships have small arms (usually

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helped to popularize the concept as a romantic opportunity for couples. Industry experts credit the series with increasing interest in the cruise industry, especially for those that weren't newlyweds or senior citizens, and for the resulting demand to spur investment in new ships instead of

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There are no paid vacations or pensions for service, non-management crew, depending on the level of the position and the type of the contract. Non-service and management crew members get paid vacation, medical, retirement options, and can participate in the company's group insurance plan.

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was the first cruise ship, as in 1833 she sailed from Naples with nobility from all over Europe. The three-month cruise took her to Taormina, Catania, Syracuse, Malta, Corfu, Patras, Delphi, Zante, Athens, Smyrna and Constantinople, and offered excursions and guided tours at each port of

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The direct salary is low by North American standards, though restaurant staff have considerable earning potential from passenger tips. Crew members do not have any expenses while on board, because food and accommodation, medical care, and transportation for most employees, are included.

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However, the estimated likelihood of contracting gastroenteritis from any cause on an average 7-day cruise is less than 1%. In 2009, during which more than 13 million people took a cruise, there were nine reported norovirus outbreaks on cruise ships. Outbreak investigations by the

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associated with cruise ships in early 2020. Authorities variously turned away ships or quarantined them; cruise operators cancelled some port visits and ultimately suspended global cruise operations. People aboard cruise ships played a role in spreading the disease in some countries.

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Some ships have bowling alleys, ice skating rinks, rock climbing walls, sky-diving simulators, miniature golf courses, video arcades, ziplines, surfing simulators, water slides, basketball courts, tennis courts, chain restaurants, ropes obstacle courses, and even roller coasters.

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so that administrative, financial and technology services could be combined, ending Cunard's history where it had operated as a standalone company (subsidiary) regardless of parent ownership. However, Cunard did regain some independence in 2009 when its headquarters were moved to

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As most of the passengers on a cruise are affluent and have considerable ransom potential, not to mention a considerable amount of cash and jewelry on board (for example in casinos and shops), there have been several high-profile pirate attacks on cruise ships, such as on

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Cruise tourists contribute little economically to the places they visit. In Venice, short stay day trippers – including cruise tourists – account for 73% of all visitors, yet only contribute to 18% of the tourism economy. By contrast overnight visitors contribute 50%.

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serogroup 1, can cause infections when inhaled as an aerosol or aspirated. Individuals who are immunocompromised and those with pre-existing chronic respiratory and cardiac disease are more susceptible. Legionnaires' has been infrequently associated with cruise ships.

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According to 2010 CEMAR statistics the Mediterranean cruise market is going through a fast and fundamental change; Italy has won prime position as a destination for European cruises, and destination for the whole of the Mediterranean basin. The most visited ports in

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Critics of the industry say it overwhelms the cities' infrastructure, causing overcrowding, damaging heritage sites, and changing the character of local neighbourhoods – as residential amenities and shops are replaced by tourist cafes and souvenir stands.

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Cruise ships and former liners sometimes find use in applications other than those for which they were built. Due to slower speed and reduced seaworthiness, as well as being largely introduced after several major wars, cruise ships have also been used as

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is crucial, especially on a cruise ship serving several thousand meals at each seating. For example, a quasi "military operation" is required to load and unload 3,600 passengers and eight tons of food at the beginning and end of each cruise, for the

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to reduce rolling in heavy weather, they are only used for crew and passenger comfort and do not contribute to the overall intact stability of the vessel. The ships must fulfill all stability requirements even with the stabilizer fins retracted.

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are allocated a set dining time for the entire cruise; a recent trend is to allow diners to dine whenever they want. Besides the dining room, modern cruise ships often contain one or more casual buffet-style eateries. Most cruise ships sail the

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suites were particularly lucrative for cruise lines, something which was lacking in older ocean liners, recent cruise ships have been designed to maximize such amenities and have been described as "balcony-laden floating condominiums".

1594:. There are also smaller cruise lines that cater to a more intimate feeling among their guests. The three largest cruise operators are Carnival Corporation, Royal Caribbean International, and Star Cruises/Norwegian Cruise Lines. 308:

and Constantinople. It underwent a period of rapid expansion in the latter half of the 19th century, commissioning larger and more luxurious ships to serve the steadily expanding market. Notable ships of the era include SS

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Cruise ships are organized much like floating hotels, with a complete hospitality staff in addition to the usual ship's crew. It is not uncommon for the most luxurious ships to have more crew and staff than passengers.

711:-class ships is the split, atrium structure, made possible by the hull's extraordinary width, with the 6-deck high Central Park and Boardwalk outdoor areas running down the middle of the ship and verandas on all decks. 2546:

Congress said both passengers and crew committed crimes. It said data on the problem was lacking because cruise lines did not make it publicly available, multiple countries were involved in investigating incidents on

1493:. The most visited Baltic ports are Copenhagen, St. Petersburg, Tallinn, Stockholm and Helsinki. The seaport of St. Petersburg, the main Baltic port of call, received 426,500 passengers during the 2009 cruise season. 2938:

In Venice, campaigners have long been calling for a ban on large cruise ships entering the historic portion of the city. In 2021, they were successful. Ships weighing over 25,000 tonnes were banned from entering the

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Maritime lawyer Jim Walker estimates about half of all disappearances at sea involve some factor of foul play, and that a lack of police jurisdiction on international waters allows sexual predators to go unpunished.

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The number of cruise tourists worldwide in 2005 was estimated at some 14 million. The main region for cruising was North America (70% of cruises), where the Caribbean islands were the most popular destinations.

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and the leading bacterial cause of diarrhea in the developing world, as well as the most common cause of diarrhea for travelers to those areas. Since 2008 there has been at least one reported incident each year of

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in 2020 saw the entire industry all but shut down. The average age of a cruise ship in 2024 is 17.5 years. The construction market for cruise ships is dominated by three European companies and one Asian company.

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A two-night, three-day cruise to nowhere can offer a quick vacation for a very reasonable price. Ships depart from their home port and sail in a loop to and from the same port, without any other stops.

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as of 2011. The industry's rapid growth saw nine or more newly built ships catering to a North American clientele added every year since 2001, as well as others servicing European clientele until the

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as of 2011. The industry's rapid growth saw nine or more newly built ships catering to a North American clientele added every year since 2001, as well as others servicing European clientele until the

5317: 1162: 4278: 814:, for example, can be considered holding corporations of cruise lines. This industry practice of using the smaller operating company, not the larger holding corporation, is also followed in the 7160: 2465:. The ship's high-pressure fire hoses can be used to keep boarders at bay, and often the vessel itself can be maneuvered to ram pirate craft. A recent technology to deter pirates has been the 1144: 339:

in the Mediterranean and the Near East from 22 January to 22 March 1891, with 241 passengers including Albert Ballin and wife themselves, is often stated to have been the first ever cruise.

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The lobby group International Cruise Victims Association, based in Arizona, pushes for more regulation of the cruise industry, and supports victims of crimes committed on cruise ships.

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in early June 1833, preceded by an advertising campaign. Nobles, authorities, and royal princes from all over Europe boarded the cruise ship, which sailed in just over three months to

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vessels. By contrast, ocean liners were often seen as the pride of their country and used to rival liners of other nations, and have been requisitioned during both World Wars and the

542:: although being put on more cruises, she maintained the regular transatlantic crossing tradition throughout the year, but with a stronger focus on leisure passengers, catering to a 1211: 757:. Among cruise lines, some are direct descendants of the traditional passenger shipping lines (such as Cunard), while others were founded from the 1960s specifically for cruising. 2537:

passed the Cruise Vessel Security and Safety Act after numerous incidents of sexual violence, passenger disappearances, physical assault, and other serious crimes. Congress said:

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CDC's Vessel Sanitation Program and the development of Outbreak Prevention and Response Plans has been credited in decreasing the incidence of norovirus outbreaks on ships.

2704:(CDC) have shown that transmission among cruise ship passengers is primarily person-to-person; potable water supplies have not been implicated. In a study published in the 1259:

such as mess rooms and bars, recreation rooms, prayer rooms/mosques, and fitness center, with some larger ships even having a crew deck with a swimming pool and hot tubs.

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while doing so. Expedition cruise lines, which usually operate small ships, visit certain more specialized destinations such as the Arctic and Antarctica, or the

715:(2,744 to 7,600), and more than tripled in volume (73,000 to 248,000 GT). Also, the "megaships" went from a single deck with verandas to all decks with verandas. 392:

In 1897 three luxury liners, all European-owned, offered transportation between Europe and North America. In 1906 the number had increased to seven. The British

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There have been nine or more new cruise ships added every year since 2001, including the 11 members of the aforementioned Vista class, and all at 100,000

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and Cunard Line, whose ships cultivate an image of classic elegance. In 2004, Carnival had merged Cunard's headquarters with that of Princess Cruises in

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in an attempt to protect the fragile lagoon ecosystem and to limit the damage to the underwater foundations of the city's historic centre. At the time,

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on international cruise ships reported to the Vessel Sanitation Program of the Centers for Disease Control, though there were none in 2015. Causes of

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Currently the three largest cruise line holding companies and operators in the world are Carnival Corporation & plc, Royal Caribbean Group and

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Modern cruise ships tend to have less hull strength, speed, and agility compared to ocean liners. However, they have added amenities to cater to

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living quarters that increases the amount of interpersonal contact; as well as the turnover of passengers that may bring the viruses on board.

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operate their ships almost constantly. If the maintenance is unscheduled, it can result, potentially, in thousands of dissatisfied customers.

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It has been claimed that air pollution from maritime transport, including cruise ships, is responsible for 50,000 deaths per year in Europe.

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ports, and cabins (often windowless) designed to maximize passenger numbers rather than comfort. In the late 1950s and 1960s, ships such as

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The cruise ships have also been used for evacuations. In 2010, in response to the shutdown of UK airspace due to the eruption of Iceland's

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On "cruises to nowhere" or "nowhere voyages", some cruise ships make two- to three-night round trips without visiting any ports of call.

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London, Wendy; Farias, Wallace (6 December 2019). "Forever Young and New: Cruise Tourism". In Yeoman, Ian; McMahon-Beattie, Una (eds.).

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Cruise ships require electrical power, normally provided by diesel generators, although an increasing number of new ships are fueled by

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was used to rescue 2,000 British tourists stranded in Spain as an act of goodwill by the owners. The ship departed from Southampton for

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For the largest cruise operators, most "hotel staff" are hired from less industrialized countries in Asia, especially workers from

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The first known effort to advertise cruising with all of the imagery associated with leisure cruising surfaced in 1833, when the

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responsible for serving all major restaurants aboard the ship, though specialty restaurants may have their own separate galleys.

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As an industry, the total number of cabins on all of the world's cruise ships amount to less than 2% of the world's hotel rooms.

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books a shore excursion with the cruise line and the tour runs late, the ship is obliged to remain until the passenger returns.

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Since 2000, 284 people have fallen off cruise ships—and another 41 from large ferries—an average of about 1.5 people per month.

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of those who appreciated the several days at sea. International celebrities were hired to perform acts on board, along with

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Cruise ships have been used to accommodate displaced persons during hurricanes. For example, on 1 September 2005, the U.S.

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example, are the cruise lines from this common industry practice point of view; whereas Carnival Corporation & plc and

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is the only liner operating on scheduled transatlantic service, though she also sees significant service on cruise routes.

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There is no argument that P&O is the world's oldest cruise line and Southampton the longest-established cruise port.

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Cruise ships generate a number of waste streams that can result in discharges to the marine environment, including

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Smoke from cruise ships over Juneau, Alaska. In the foreground are harbor seals floating on the Douglas breakwater.

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Some cruise lines, such as Cunard, are taking steps to reduce environmental impact by refraining from discharges (

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Lallani, Shayan S. (October 2017). "Mediating Cultural Encounters at Sea: Dining in the Modern Cruise Industry".

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The second most popular region was continental Europe (13%), where the fastest growing segment is cruises in the

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professor Francisca Oyogoa states that "Crewing agencies often exploit the desperation of potential employees."

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For example by Kludas and Bischoff; Gerhardt p. 36 (pdf p. 38); Haller, giving 174 as the number of passengers.

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islands in the 2011–2012 cruise year (May 2011 to April 2012.) Cruise lines operating in the Caribbean include

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evacuees. In 2017, cruise ships were used to help transport residents from some Caribbean islands destroyed by

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Nearly 9,000 passengers from three Carnival ships visiting St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands; from front to back:

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one-night hotel stay before boarding, and the air fare to and from the cruise's origin and destination ports.

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2013 saw the entrance of the first Chinese company into the cruise market. China's first luxury cruise ship,

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to the air and water. These wastes, if not properly treated and disposed of, can be a significant source of

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in 2020 saw the entire industry all but shut down. The average age of a cruise ship in 2024 is 17.5 years.

8222: 3485: 2551:, and crime scenes could not be secured quickly by police. It recommended that owners of cruise vessels: 2401: 830: 587: 227: 6994:

Devils on the Deep Blue Sea: the dreams, schemes, and showdowns that built America's cruise-ship empires

8279: 8094: 8049: 7437: 5632: 4738: 4095: 4000: 2466: 1650: 1003: 334: 1646: 7479: 7232: 3907: 2592:

flags of ships be disregarded for nations unable to investigate incidents thoroughly and competently.

2580: 2289: 1301: 1093: 941: 842: 778: 690: 602: 355: 324: 288:

first introduced passenger-cruising services in 1844, advertising sea tours to destinations such as

8317: 8176: 8024: 8001: 7996: 5853:"Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 5549: 3175:: a river cruise ship, sank on 29 May 2019 after accidentally colliding with the river cruise ship 2951:

warned the city could be placed on its endangered list if ships were not diverted to another port.

2789: 2729: 1787: 1638: 1610: 1462:

Most cruise ships sail the Caribbean or the Mediterranean. Others operate elsewhere in places like

340: 2424: 472:

Modern cruise ships tend to have less hull strength, speed, and agility compared to ocean liners.

8262: 8232: 6655: 6085: 5576: 4360: 2569: 2477: 701: 397: 7184: 5304:"54 Cruise Ships on Global Orderbook as of March 2024 - Cruise Industry News | Cruise News" 5157: 4383: 1427:

on 21 April, and returned on 23 April. A cruise ship was kept on standby in case inhabitants of

8653: 8466: 8267: 8099: 8039: 7808: 7307: 6601: 5523: 4470: 3753: 2534: 1917: 1134: 1100: 1073:

Shops – Only open when the ship is at sea to avoid merchandising licensing and local taxes

652:

or greater. The only actual ocean liner to be completed in recent years has been Cunard Line's

368: 118: 6163: 5753: 5524:"Tightening cruise ships' security: State of access control solutions onboard passenger ships" 5191: 4588: 1290:

in Alaska, the entire destination was created explicitly and solely for cruise ship visitors.

8811: 8638: 8237: 8135: 7432: 7208: 6576: 6279: 4903: 3963: 2896: 2872: 2774:

infection include the consumption of contaminated food or water contaminated by human waste.

2625: 2458: 1904: 1662: 1591: 1008: 811: 528: 5691: 3906: 3725: 1474:. A cruise ship that is moving from one of these regions to another will commonly operate a 568:, a line that partnered with the series and received a great deal of attention as a result. 320: 8643: 8257: 8145: 8111: 7763: 7610: 7593: 7265: 6718:"Barcelona's crackdown on cruise ship tourists: 'They just walk for four hours then leave'" 6304: 5996: 5473: 3780: 3244: 3229: 3219: 3066: 3057: 2548: 2512: 2412:

As of March 2024, 54 new ships have been ordered and are due to be delivered by 2028.

1672:

The busiest ports of call in the Caribbean for cruising in the 2014 year are listed below:

1567: 1475: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1341: 1201: 957: 815: 793: 774: 770: 481: 361: 313:

built in 1880, which became the first ship built with a total steel superstructure, and SS

4643: 4268:"How cruise lines mop up after 3,500 passengers – and brace themselves for thousands more" 4143: 3646: 3170: 3091:: accidentally sunk on 4 August 1991 after suffering uncontrolled flooding, no fatalities. 2722:

Other pathogens which can colonise pools and spas including those on cruise ships include

1479: 847: 8: 8816: 8770: 8714: 8496: 8140: 8059: 7838: 7558: 7546: 7385: 7339: 7255: 6134: 5829: 5693:"People fall off cruise ships with alarming regularity. Can anything be done to stop it?" 5248: 4880: 4273: 3857: 3110: 3020: 2523: 2496: 2315: 1995: 1878: 1634: 423: 367:

The practice of luxury cruising made steady inroads into the more established market for

297: 1414: 554:

and other entertainment amenities, the crossing was advertised as a vacation in itself.

527:(at the time the largest passenger vessel in the world) was mothballed in 1974, sold to 8724: 8399: 8186: 7991: 7883: 7828: 7427: 7240: 5948: 5931: 5877: 5668: 4908: 4247: 4034: 3142: 3102: 3032: 2853: 2663:

incidents" declined 37 percent and the rate of man-overboard cases dropped 35 percent.

2644: 1891: 1666: 1575: 1524:, made her maiden voyage from Sanya Phoenix Island International Port in late January. 1439: 1393: 1117: 735: 106: 51: 5868: 4932:"Royal Caribbean cancels cruise, sends ship to help Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria" 3647:"Cruise Industry Growth Trends Over Time | From QE2 to Love Boat and Eco-Cruises" 2868: 2476:

A related risk is that of terrorism, the most notable incident being that of the 1985

571: 8501: 8404: 8160: 8016: 7978: 7943: 7868: 7700: 7628: 7618: 7494: 7489: 7474: 7405: 7356: 7322: 7130: 7111: 7092: 7073: 7054: 7035: 7016: 6997: 6978: 6959: 6940: 6921: 6902: 6883: 6864: 6845: 6753: 6691: 6064: 5953: 5882: 5195: 5184: 4581: 4251: 4210: 3880:"Cruise Market Watch Announces 2011 Cruise Line Market Share and Revenue Projections" 3837: 3527: 3435: 3388: 3317: 3276: 3074: 2962: 2817: 2651: 2604:

Passengers and crew sometimes drown after going overboard in what the industry calls

1654: 1630: 1571: 1498: 1418: 1399: 1345: 1282:

Most cruise lines since the 2000s have to some extent priced the cruising experience

1184: 1151: 980: 720: 674: 628: 538:

in 1980, thus becoming the first "mega-cruise ship". The main exception was Cunard's

507: 459: 159: 5605: 3692:"What's the Difference between a Cruise Ship and an Expedition Vessel in Galapagos?" 3621: 3599: 300:, these voyages were the first of their kind. P&O Cruises is the world's oldest 8749: 8734: 8668: 8612: 8511: 8414: 8307: 7928: 7873: 7853: 7583: 7578: 7469: 7415: 7410: 7368: 7351: 7317: 7302: 7290: 7285: 7245: 7201: 6056: 5943: 5872: 5864: 5417:"This Day in History: US Navy fighter jets intercept Italian cruise ship hijackers" 4800: 4666: 4482: 4239: 4183: 3573: 3211: 3094: 2761: 2516: 2415:

As of August 2024, there are 62 ships on order until 2036, adding 154,146 berths.

2249: 1618: 1563: 1543: 1537: 1381: 1287: 1021:

Modern cruise ships typically have aboard some or all of the following facilities:

996: 984: 851: 834: 616:, designed such that two-thirds of the oceanview staterooms have balconies. As the 565: 532: 496: 247: 112: 64: 4904:"Cruise Lines Are Sending Ships to Rescue Hurricane Irma Victims in the Caribbean" 4604: 4243: 8739: 8729: 8549: 8534: 8481: 8409: 8242: 7933: 7923: 7918: 7888: 7813: 7638: 7526: 7521: 7459: 7449: 7395: 7390: 7327: 7275: 6810: 6392: 6286: 5811: 5388: 4767:

The impact of the Games on tourism: Barcelona: the legacy of the Games, 1992–2002

4722: 4638: 3427: 3311: 3270: 3154: 3038: 2940: 2864: 2834: 2686: 1709: 1606: 1579: 1428: 1407: 1313: 1305: 1031:

Casino – Only open when the ship is at sea to avoid conflict with local laws

789: 419: 6780:"Which European cities are trying to cut back the number of cruise ship visits?" 6216: 5442: 3810: 3457:"The History of the World's First Cruise Ship Built Solely for Luxurious Travel" 2961:

From 2024, only 1,000 cruise passengers per day will be allowed to disembark in

2863:(HFO), or "bunker fuel", which, because of its high sulphur content, results in 154:, with recent vessels being described as "balcony-laden floating condominiums". 8709: 8569: 8491: 8476: 8471: 8274: 8191: 7968: 7958: 7953: 7878: 7725: 7705: 7623: 7553: 7504: 7444: 7400: 7260: 7165: 6577:"Overtourism. What is overtourism and how can we avoid it - Responsible Travel" 6230: 5908: 4694: 4179:"The CEO of Carnival reveals the cruise industry's biggest challenge right now" 4039: 3134: 3126: 3026: 2944: 2889: 2860: 2706: 2640: 2634: 2586:

scanners and drug detection dogs check passengers and crew at Australian ports,

2492: 2462: 2376: 2321: 2258: 1748: 1658: 1614: 1583: 1549: 1510: 1403: 947: 901: 869: 783: 285: 279: 208: 132: 6682:"Venice may be put on endangered list if cruise ships not banned, says Unesco" 2992: 2555:

install acoustic hailing and warning devices capable of working at a distance.

2511:

and other contraband on board. Security has been considerably tightened since

890: 669: 8805: 8780: 8775: 8658: 8526: 8419: 8370: 8079: 7938: 7913: 7863: 7773: 7720: 7683: 7563: 7541: 7536: 7516: 7499: 7378: 7334: 7280: 6757: 6695: 6275: 6255: 6068: 5909:"Vessel Sanitation Program - Outbreak Updates for International Cruise Ships" 5103: 5046: 4799:(Press release). Athens 2004 Organising Committee. 1 May 2002. Archived from 4670: 3197: 2846: 2838: 2698: 2500: 2212: 1626: 1622: 1598: 1506: 1447: 1334: 1330: 826: 799: 754: 749: 707:

vessels which entered service in 2009 and 2010. A distinctive feature of the

649: 559: 180: 172: 151: 6180: 5274:"Fincantieri Sestri Ponente the launch of the ultra-luxury ship Silver Muse" 4502: 3547: 449: 204: 8694: 8486: 8451: 7893: 7818: 7783: 7758: 7715: 7643: 7600: 7568: 7531: 7464: 7454: 7346: 7312: 6748: 6686: 6554: 6335: 6060: 5957: 5886: 5366: 4743: 3234: 3205: 3079:: sank on 21 October 1988 after accidentally colliding with the cargo ship 3049: 2884: 2849: 2639:

Modern cruise ships are tall but remain stable due to their relatively low

1735: 895: 861: 822: 653: 642: 543: 485: 476: 429: 407: 6811:"River Danube: Ukrainian captain jailed after fatal river tour boat crash" 4985: 4487: 2243: 1669:

for the Caribbean season, operating direct charter flights out of the UK.

1431:

required evacuation in 2020 after a series of fires burned on the island.

8689: 8663: 8617: 8607: 8592: 8582: 8577: 8554: 8544: 8516: 8506: 8206: 8196: 7948: 7735: 7653: 7648: 7484: 7361: 7250: 6280:"Cruise Ship Pollution: Background, Laws and Regulations, and Key Issues" 4557: 3384:

The Future Past of Tourism: Historical Perspectives and Future Evolutions

3316:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing Limited (published 2013). 3272:

The Future Past of Tourism: Historical Perspectives and Future Evolutions

3239: 3159:: sank accidentally on 13 January 2012 after hitting some rocks, 32 dead. 3123:: sank en route to the scrapyard on October 21, 2000, with no fatalities. 3118: 3086: 2983: 2912: 2900: 2867:

emissions worse than those of equivalent road traffic. The international

2442: 2389: 2372: 2366: 2279: 1839: 1774: 1696: 1587: 1471: 1267: 976: 972: 865: 586:

Contemporary cruise ships built in the late 1980s and later, such as the

503: 492: 413: 403: 386: 382: 372: 301: 293: 188: 140: 8338: 6550:"Air pollution fears fuel fight against new London cruise ship terminal" 5249:"Alaska Cruises: the Ultimate Guide for an Unforgettable Alaskan Cruise" 3131:: sank on 17 December 2000 due to possible sabotage, with no fatalities. 2343: 360:

of the German Empire, designed by Albert Ballin, general manager of the

187:. Large cruise ships have been identified as one of the major causes of 8719: 8602: 8559: 8461: 8438: 8389: 8155: 8121: 8006: 7986: 7858: 7848: 7793: 7742: 7730: 7509: 7422: 7373: 7295: 7270: 6135:"Cruise-Ship—Associated Legionnaires Disease, November 2003 – May 2004" 6023:"Cruise Ship Travel – Chapter 8 – 2020 Yellow Book | Travelers' Health" 5155: 4634:"In search of bargains at sea: Deciphering the deals from cruise lines" 4029:"Company News: Carnival to move Cunard line's operations to California" 3352: 2724: 2311: 1969: 1490: 1467: 1387: 393: 305: 219: 184: 100: 31: 6331:"The world's largest cruise ship and its supersized pollution problem" 5932:"Human Norovirus as a Foodborne Pathogen: Challenges and Developments" 5158:"Economic Contribution of Cruise Tourism to the Destination Economies" 4824:"Cruise liners to turn into floating hotels for Sochi Winter Olympics" 4409: 3191: 2911:

Large cruise ships have been identified as one of the major causes of

1532: 8744: 8704: 8456: 7903: 7833: 7803: 7788: 7778: 6112: 5825:"Is cruising safe? Most of the time, but beware of what can go wrong" 5501: 4332: 3010: 3001: 2955: 2924: 2920: 2830: 2682: 2448: 1642: 1502: 1456: 1326: 838: 597:, showed characteristics of size once reserved for ocean liners. The 289: 168: 84: 77: 46: 5852: 5077: 2620: 979:

and have separate dining rooms for different types of suites, while

685:

was for a time the largest passenger ship before being surpassed by

624: 8754: 8699: 8648: 8064: 7963: 7843: 7823: 7663: 7658: 6185: 6107: 6086:"Vessel Sanitation Program: Advanced Cruise Ship Inspection Search" 5393: 3781:"Ocean Liner Vs. Cruise Ship: What's The Difference [2024]" 3509:

Record breakers of the North Atlantic, Blue Riband Liners 1838–1953

3167:: capsized and sank in a storm on June 1, 2015, killing 442 people. 2876:

functions, but loads and distribution depend highly on conditions.

2842: 2837:, oily bilge water, ballast water, and solid waste. They also emit 2508: 2300: 1943: 1865: 911: 617: 465: 304:. The company later introduced round trips to destinations such as 239: 136: 59: 5606:"H.R. 3360 (111th): Cruise Vessel Security and Safety Act of 2010" 4793:"Athens 2004 Seeks Eight Cruise Ships for Accommodation Programme" 2522:

In addition to security checkpoints, passengers are often given a

932: 917: 88: 8673: 7798: 7224: 6744:"Barcelona port is worst in Europe for cruise ship air pollution" 6274:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

4718:"Accountant retires on cruise ships to avoid cost of land living" 3148: 3139:: accidentally hit a reef and capsized on 6 April 2007, two dead. 2573: 2564:

limit access to passenger rooms to select staff at specific times

2393: 2384: 1956: 1930: 1852: 1761: 1452: 1349:

been used since then in Games held in coastal cities, such as at

825:

only allows passengers over 50 years old aboard their ships, and

609: 547: 376: 243: 144: 122: 38: 6630:"Venice cruise ships: Not everyone supports the ban, here's why" 6385:"Eksperter tviler på at lavt smøreoljenivå er hele forklaringen" 4088:"Cruise Ship Sales and Transfers: Secondhand Cruise Ship Market" 3666:"'The Love Boat': How a TV show transformed the cruise industry" 3622:"What Is the Difference Between an Ocean Liner and Cruise Ship?" 765:

to offer different levels of quality and service. For instance,

317:

built in 1889, which was the first ship to use electric lights.

7908: 7898: 7710: 7673: 7588: 7188: 2948: 2916: 2826: 2435: 2358: 2354: 2347: 2336: 2332: 2304: 2293: 2273: 2257:

The construction market for cruise ships is dominated by three

1800: 1514: 1463: 1424: 803: 748:

Operators of cruise ships are known as cruise lines, which are

551: 519:

Ocean liner services almost ceased in the 1970s and 1980s. The

275: 271: 263: 259: 235: 176: 5972:"Norovirus – Chapter 4 – 2020 Yellow Book | Travelers' Health" 5661:"Victims Helping Victims: Together We Are Making A Difference" 4986:"Cruise Ship on Standby for Bushfire Evacuations in Australia" 4384:"What Working on Cruise Ships is Really Like: Pros & Cons" 3063:: caught fire and sank on 11 October 1980, with no fatalities. 1597:

Many American cruise lines to the Caribbean depart out of the

8597: 8446: 8394: 8150: 8089: 7695: 7678: 7108:

Giants of the Sea: The Ships that Transformed Modern Cruising

6958:. Frenchs Forest, NSW, Australia: Pearson Hospitality Press. 6956:

The Cruise Experience: Global and Regional Issues in Cruising

3834:

Giants of the Sea: The Ships that Transformed Modern Cruising

2405: 2380: 2325: 2283: 1826: 1813: 1602: 1263: 267: 255: 251: 72: 4167:

Remarks of ship's captain, Baltimore Harbor, 5 October 2013.

2469:

or sonic cannon which was used in the successful defence of

8384: 7032:

World Cruise Ships: The History and Development of Cruising

5851:

Ahmed SM, Hall AJ, Robinson AE, et al. (August 2014).

4205:

Wolber, Ben; Papathanassis, Alexis; Vogel, Michael (2012).

3107:: caught fire and sank on May 21, 1999, with no fatalities. 2788:

News outlets reported several cases and suspected cases of

2527: 2262: 907: 351: 7193: 5156:

Business Research and Economic Advisors (September 2012).

3115:: accidentally hit a reef on 30 April 2000, no fatalities. 2744: 454: 7690: 6939:(2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons. 6414:"L'insoutenable pollution de l'air du transport maritime" 5730:. Australia: Special Broadcasting Service. Archived from 5554: 5228:. Caribbean Tourism Organization. 22 June 2015. p. 6 4962: 4471:"Cruise Ships: Continuity and Change in the World-System" 4302:"Questions Answered: Family Cruising with Young Children" 4005: 3313:

The British Cruise Ship: An Illustrated History 1844–1939

3147:: accidentally sunk on 23 November 2007 after hitting an 282:, providing passengers with excursions and guided tours. 6440:"Ship pollution causes 50,000 deaths per year | Airclim" 4958:"Stranded tourists return from Bilbao on Eclipse cruise" 4438: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4204: 3548:"RMS Majestic (I) - The White Star Line History Website" 2845:, nutrients, and toxic substances with the potential to 564:

conversions. The influence was particularly notable for

7015:. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers. 7013:

Cruise Ship Blues: The Underside of the Cruise industry

5780:"How stable are cruise ships like the Costa Concordia?" 3985: 3275:. Bristol: Channel View Publications (published 2019). 1601:, with "nearly one-third of the cruises sailing out of 1443:

Four cruise ships docked at port of Nassau, the Bahamas

1380:(FEMA) contracted three Carnival Cruise Lines vessels ( 523:

was put on permanent cruise service in 1968, while the

381:

being the most famous example – added luxuries such as

6937:

Selling the Sea: An Inside Look at the Cruise Industry

5631:

Milledge, Magistrate Jacqueline M. (3 December 2010).

658:

in 2004. Following the retirement of her running mate

468:, was convertible between ocean liner and cruise ship. 7465:

MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, Exhibitions)

4427: 4063:"Carnival UK moves into new Southampton headquarters" 3718:"Cruise group celebrates growth of 'floating cities'" 3381:

Yeoman, Ian; McMahon-Beattie, Una (6 December 2019).

3380: 3071:: accidentally hit a rock 16 February 1986, one dead. 1049:

Indoor and/or outdoor swimming pool with water slides

5362:"Italian cruise ship fends off pirates with gunfire" 5126:"Henna charts new course for China's cruise tourism" 4850:"Cruise ships to ease room shortage during Olympics" 4821: 3187: 3054:: caught fire and sank on 24 October 1961, one dead. 2583:

travel on ships to ensure a quick response to crime,

2530:

cameras are mounted frequently throughout the ship.

2491:

Passengers entering the cruise ship are screened by

633:

is the lead ship of Royal Caribbean International's

464:, having been built following the advent of the jet 7161:"Why cruise lines keep cutting their ships in half" 6523:"Why More LNG-Powered Cruise Ships Are Being Built" 5469:"Cruise ships face airport-style security measures" 4356:"They're Putting a Roller Coaster on a Cruise Ship" 3524:

The Cunard Royal Mail Steamers Campania and Lucania

531:in 1979, and after major renovations relaunched as 8090:World Federation of Travel Journalists and Writers 8035:American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute 6935:Dickinson, Robert H.; Vladimir, Andrew N. (2008). 5929: 5186:Last Resorts: The Cost of Tourism in the Caribbean 5183: 4580: 4266: 4027: 3099:: caught fire and sank 30 November 1994, two dead. 8540:Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) 7086: 6934: 6880:The Development and Growth of the Cruise Industry 5850: 5163:. Florida-Caribbean Cruise Association. p. 2 4689: 4687: 1605:in recent years". Other cruise ships depart from 821:Some cruise lines have specialties; for example, 700:-class ships were in turn overtaken by RCI's own 578:was the first of Royal Caribbean International's 8803: 7034:. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK: Shield Publications. 6901:. Centreville, MD, USA: Cornell Maritime Press. 6624: 6622: 6498:"How is Power Generated and Supplied on a Ship?" 6080: 6078: 4769:(Report). Barcelona: Centre d’Estudis Olímpics, 4401: 4328:"What Happens When Someone Dies During a Cruise" 3724:. Melbourne, Florida. p. 6C. Archived from 2888:has a zero-discharge policy) and reducing their 2507:(a.k.a. "puffer machines"), to prevent weapons, 1406:, as well as Puerto Rico residents displaced by 593:which broke the size record held for decades by 6877: 6656:"Overtourism documentary by Responsible Travel" 5577:"Cruise Vessel Security and Safety Act of 2010" 5389:"'I beat pirates with a hose and sonic cannon'" 4503:"Cruise Ship Jobs – Frequently Asked Questions" 3986:"Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA)" 3858:"How Many Cruise Ships Are There In the World?" 3663: 3407:Gerhardt, pp. 35–36 (pdf pp. 37–38) 2190:Total direct jobs/income from visitor spending 1665:. Some UK cruise lines base their ships out of 450:From luxury ocean liners to "megaship" cruising 30:"Sea cruise" redirects here. For the song, see 7051:A Cruise Ship Primer: History & Operations 6953: 6842:Ocean Travel and Cruising: A Cultural Analysis 4847: 4684: 4625: 4381: 3931:"The Average Age of a Cruise Ship? 17.5 Years" 3890: 2736:, and in particular the most virulent strain, 1527: 55:is one of the largest cruise ships in service. 8354: 7209: 6619: 6075: 5930:Moore MD, Goulter RM, Jaykus L (April 2015). 5423:. A&E Television Networks. 21 August 2018 4578: 4410:"High Seas, Low Pay; Working on Cruise Ships" 3596:"Ships of Compagnie Générale Transatlantique" 2589:an end to overlaps between jurisdictions, and 2226:Total visitor industry-related jobs / income 1617:(approximately 45 miles (72 km) east of 818:and in member-based reviews of cruise lines. 6861:Cruise Tourism: Current Situation and Trends 6602:"Overtourism in Venice - Responsible Travel" 5936:Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 5911:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 5336:"Database: Incidents involving cruise ships" 5151: 5149: 5147: 4572: 4207:The business and management of ocean cruises 3803:"Work starts on world's largest cruise ship" 3664:Hardingham-Gill, Tamara (13 February 2024). 3425: 3268: 2201:Direct Jobs / income from industry spending 2006: 1016: 988:women. The menu is more upscale than usual. 222:, offered an early cruise experience on the 7158: 7127:Monarchs of the Sea: The Great Ocean Liners 7072:. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications. 6899:The Cruise Ship Phenomenon in North America 6322: 5550:"Cruise ship security bill clears Congress" 5497:"International Cruise Ship Security Issues" 5175: 5067: 4876:"$ 236 Million Cruise Ship Deal Criticized" 4764: 4715: 2903:, while others are being adapted to do so. 2707:Journal of the American Medical Association 68:, the newest largest cruise ship in service 8361: 8347: 8182:Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism 7216: 7202: 7087:Quartermaine, Peter; Peter, Bruce (2006). 7029: 6878:Cartwright, Roger; Baird, Carolyn (1999). 5213: 5211: 4554:International Transport Workers Federation 4325: 4001:"What cruise lines don't want you to know" 3899:"Why U.S. Cruises Are Still Stuck in Port" 3250:List of busiest cruise ports by passengers 2813:Cruise ship pollution in the United States 2702:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2561:install peep holes in passenger room doors 2515:, such that these measures are similar to 2505:explosives trace-detection portal machines 1319: 516:had access only to certain dining rooms). 354:built exclusively for luxury cruising was 343:published an illustrated account of it as 175:. Others operate elsewhere in places like 8791:List of merchant navy capacity by country 8368: 8285:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists 8085:Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 6954:Douglas, Norman; Douglas, Ngaire (2004). 6382: 6201: 6153:"EWGLinet Summary Report – December 2006" 5997:"Facts About Noroviruses on Cruise Ships" 5947: 5876: 5721: 5355: 5353: 5144: 4983: 4930:Putterman, Samantha (28 September 2017). 4929: 4486: 4353: 3690:Klassen, Christopher (6 September 2017). 3572:. Thegreatoceanliners.com. Archived from 856:, which formerly operated as part of the 27:Passengers ship used for pleasure voyages 7105: 7053:. Atglen, PA, USA: Schiffer Publishing. 5630: 5547: 5181: 4631: 4176: 4060: 3831: 2816: 2717: 2619: 2425:Passenger ship § Safety regulations 2242: 1531: 1446: 1438: 952: 931: 906: 889: 788: 730: 668: 623: 570: 453: 329:was the first purpose-built cruise ship. 319: 203: 94: 71: 58: 45: 7145:Berlitz Ocean Cruising and Cruise Ships 7048: 6972: 6844:. New York: Haworth Hospitality Press. 5822: 5466: 5208: 5070:"More Tourists Choose to Arrive by Sea" 4901: 4874:Weisman, Jonathon (28 September 2005). 4873: 4736: 4229: 4020: 3746: 3689: 3309: 2796: 2011:2016 was the most recent year of CLIA ( 14: 8804: 8030:American Hotel and Lodging Association 7124: 6915: 6896: 6863:. Madrid: World Tourism Organization. 6858: 6839: 6808: 6741: 6715: 6547: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5689: 5586:. United States Congress. 27 July 2010 5359: 5350: 4955: 4595: 4468: 4264: 3998: 3521: 3515: 3506: 3500: 3454: 2650:Although most passenger ships utilize 2599: 2418: 2013:Cruise Lines International Association 1434: 975:ships maintain the class tradition of 8342: 8075:South-East Asian Tourism Organisation 7197: 7067: 7010: 6991: 6777: 6679: 6548:Taylor, Matthew (26 September 2018). 6495: 6328: 6209:"WHO | Research and development" 5844: 5806:. Rick Spilman. Retrieved 2012-11-14 5804:Of Stabilizers, Stability and Lawyers 5777: 5246: 4902:Zillman, Claire (11 September 2017). 4822:Svetozarsky, Aleksei (10 July 2013). 4664: 4579:Hannafin, Matt; Sarna, Heidi (2010). 4442: 4299: 3484:. Hamburg Cruise Days. Archived from 2859:Most cruise ships run (primarily) on 371:. In the competition for passengers, 8313: 7106:Saunders, Aaron (19 December 2013). 7091:. London: Laurance King Publishing. 7089:Cruise: Identity, Design and Culture 6918:Cruise Ships: An Evolution in Design 6302: 5754:"Why aren't cruise ships top heavy?" 5722:Lazaredes, Nick (28 February 2012). 4984:Goldsbury, Louise (6 January 2020). 4739:"Captain Christopher Burne obituary" 4667:"Top 5 Luxury All-Inclusive Cruises" 4632:Mullally, Linda (21 November 2010). 4382:wandereatwrite (19 September 2020). 4281:from the original on 11 January 2022 3832:Saunders, Aaron (19 December 2013). 3715: 3432:Cruise: Identity, Design and Culture 1344:, eleven cruise ships docked at the 8323: 6360:. ANCO. 22 May 2010. Archived from 6181:"Legionnaires' fear on cruise ship" 5906: 5893: 5612:. Civic Impluse, LLC. 15 March 2019 5548:Grinberg, Emanuella (1 July 2010). 5266: 4583:Frommer's Cruises and Ports of Call 4530:. International Labour Organization 4354:McCartney, Scott (8 January 2020). 4326:Caracciolo, Frankie (16 May 2018). 4177:Matousek, Mark (25 February 2019). 3896: 1378:Federal Emergency Management Agency 1333:to transport soldiers and serve as 475:With the advent of large passenger 24: 7769:Destination marketing organization 7152: 6977:. Wallingford: CAB International. 6809:Thorpe, Nick (26 September 2023). 5949:10.1146/annurev-food-022814-015643 5690:Spinks, Rosie (17 December 2018). 5467:Devaney, Tim (12 September 2014). 5182:Pattullo, Polly (1 January 1996). 5016:. 2007. p. 11. Archived from 4665:Faust, Chris Gray (3 March 2020). 4602: 4528:"Maritime Labour Convention, 2006" 4094:. 22 November 2014. Archived from 3999:Walker, James (13 February 2013). 3809:. 12 December 2007. Archived from 3747:Roughan, John (16 February 2007). 2673:Infectious disease on cruise ships 2060:Total passenger & crew visits 444:Compagnie Générale Transatlantique 364:. The ship was completed in 1900. 218:Italy, a traditional focus of the 25: 8828: 8786:International Chamber of Shipping 8634:Anchor handling tug supply vessel 8253:Convention and exhibition centers 7178: 6920:. London: Conway Maritime Press. 6882:. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. 6790:from the original on 29 June 2023 6383:Stensvold, Tore (29 March 2019). 6254:Note for example the case of the 5640:Coroners Court of New South Wales 5190:. Monthly Review Press. pp. 5102:. 2010. p. 1. Archived from 4587:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 4475:Journal of World-Systems Research 4407: 3897:Yeginsu, Ceylan (19 March 2021). 3598:. Frenchlines.com. Archived from 2968: 2784:COVID-19 pandemic on cruise ships 2524:ship-specific identification card 2486: 2310:Monfalcone shipyards (located at 1277: 1272:International Labour Organization 1082:Theatre with Broadway-style shows 894:Disney Cruise Line's cruise ship 678:with a six-deck-high outdoor area 641:Until 1975–1980, cruises offered 292:, Malta and Athens, sailing from 8428: 8322: 8312: 8303: 8302: 8248:Cities by international visitors 8107:World Travel and Tourism Council 6802: 6771: 6735: 6716:Keeley, Graham (30 March 2023). 6709: 6673: 6648: 6594: 6569: 6541: 6527:Hellenic Shipping News Worldwide 6515: 6489: 6457: 6432: 6406: 6376: 6350: 6296: 6269: 6263: 6248: 6223: 6173: 6145: 6127: 6100: 6047:"Cruise Ship Illness Declines". 6040: 6015: 5989: 5964: 5923: 5823:Sampson, Hannah (18 July 2019). 5494: 5247:Ewert, Ellie (25 January 2021). 4848:Jarvis, Howard (27 March 2019). 4550:"ILO Maritime Labour Convention" 4443:Klein, Ross A. (13 April 2010). 4265:Porter, Lizzie (10 March 2016). 4144:"Member reviews of cruise lines" 4061:Hamilton, Keith (20 July 2009). 3204: 3190: 3009: 3000: 2991: 2982: 2803:Environmental impact of shipping 2685:is a virus that commonly causes 2247:First Chinese-built cruise ship 1983:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1225: 1210: 1193: 1176: 1161: 1143: 1126: 1109: 1092: 740:is the lead ship of Celebrity's 557:The 1977–1986 television series 8290:World Heritage Sites by country 8070:Pacific Asia Travel Association 7159:Fran Golden (6 December 2019). 6832: 6742:Burgen, Stephen (7 June 2019). 6680:Tondo, Lorenzo (21 June 2021). 6108:"Travel News, Tips, and Guides" 6088:. US Center for Disease Control 5816: 5797: 5778:Marks, Paul (16 January 2012). 5771: 5746: 5715: 5683: 5653: 5633:"THE "Brimble" Recommendations" 5624: 5598: 5569: 5541: 5516: 5488: 5460: 5435: 5409: 5381: 5328: 5310: 5296: 5240: 5118: 5092: 5061: 5035: 5003: 4977: 4949: 4923: 4895: 4867: 4841: 4815: 4785: 4758: 4730: 4709: 4658: 4542: 4520: 4495: 4462: 4375: 4347: 4319: 4293: 4258: 4223: 4198: 4170: 4161: 4136: 4110: 4080: 4054: 3992: 3978: 3948: 3923: 3872: 3850: 3825: 3795: 3773: 3740: 3716:Best, Keilani (17 March 2010). 3709: 3683: 3657: 3639: 3614: 3588: 3562: 3540: 3019:Images in Order of Appearance: 2976:Examples of Sunken Cruise Ships 2809:Cruise ship pollution in Europe 2369:of Germany with two shipyards: 2299:Marghera shipyards (located at 885: 726: 8045:Caribbean Tourism Organization 7669:Hospitality management studies 7574:Visiting friends and relatives 7030:Middlemiss, Norman L. (1997). 6973:Dowling, Ross K., ed. (2006). 6778:Frost, Rosie (20 April 2023). 6465:"Cunard Sustainability Report" 6291:Congressional Research Service 5360:Hooper, John (26 April 2009). 4737:Shirley, John (15 June 2012). 3749:"The ocean-going stretch limo" 3474: 3455:Austin, Daryl (22 July 2021). 3448: 3419: 3410: 3401: 3374: 3345: 3303: 3262: 2906: 877:Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings 767:Carnival Corporation & plc 753:headed by the equivalent of a 13: 1: 8131:Akwaaba African Travel Market 8055:Historical Archive on Tourism 7070:Cruise Ships: A Design Voyage 6992:Garin, Kristoffer A. (2005). 5869:10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70767-4 5011:"Cruise Baltic Status Report" 4244:10.1080/1755182X.2017.1386725 3387:. Channel View Publications. 3255: 2728:, the bacterium which causes 2558:install more security cameras 1560:Royal Caribbean International 1417:volcano, the newly completed 1002:As with any vessel, adequate 858:United States Merchant Marine 687:Royal Caribbean International 550:, and with the addition of a 147:known as "shore excursions". 8202:Tourism improvement district 6055:(8): 743. 23 February 2016. 5665:International Cruise Victims 5068:Zborovskaya, Yelena (2009). 4956:Palmer, Jo (22 April 2010). 3526:. Patrick Stephens Limited. 3434:. Laurence King Publishing. 3426:Quartermaine, Peter (2006). 3225:List of largest cruise ships 2677: 2615: 2238: 1723:United States Virgin Islands 1369:and was going to be used at 1300:Luxury cruise lines such as 1253:Bard College at Simon's Rock 962:is one of Royal Caribbean's 864:before being converted to a 7: 7223: 6840:Berger, Arthur Asa (2004). 6418:France Nature Environnement 6329:Vidal, John (21 May 2016). 4716:Sydney Page (20 May 2022). 4697:. Regent Seven Seas Cruises 3696:Santa Cruz Galapagos Cruise 3183: 2777: 2402:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries 2049:Resident cruise passengers 1528:Caribbean cruising industry 831:Windjammer Barefoot Cruises 296:. The forerunner of modern 228:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 10: 8833: 8095:World Tourism Organization 8050:European Travel Commission 4469:Oyogoa, Francisca (2016). 4300:Ellie (29 December 2020). 4232:Journal of Tourism History 3960:Travel industry dictionary 2954:In 2023, Barcelona Mayor, 2806: 2800: 2781: 2670: 2666: 2632: 2576:in Australia recommended: 2483:, an Italian cruise ship. 2433: 2422: 1217:A luxury suite aboard the 199: 194: 36: 29: 8763: 8682: 8626: 8568: 8525: 8437: 8426: 8377: 8298: 8215: 8169: 8120: 8015: 7977: 7751: 7609: 7231: 6897:Cudahy, Brian J. (2001). 6660:www.responsibletravel.com 6606:www.responsibletravel.com 6581:www.responsibletravel.com 6293:(Updated 6 February 2008) 6278:: Copeland, Claudia. 5219:"2014 Statistical Tables" 5128:. TTGmice. Archived from 3335:It has been claimed that 2429: 2270:Chantiers de l’Atlantique 2019:Alaska cruise statistics 2007:Alaskan cruising industry 1466:, the South Pacific, the 1302:Regent Seven Seas Cruises 1168:Formal brunch aboard the 1150:Molecular Bar aboard the 1017:Other on-board facilities 995:There is often a central 927: 843:Regent Seven Seas Cruises 779:Santa Clarita, California 357:Prinzessin Victoria Luise 326:Prinzessin Victoria Luise 226:, flying the flag of the 8177:Heritage commodification 8025:American Bus Association 7185:Cruise-related resources 7129:. London: Tauris Parke. 6496:Anish (9 October 2017). 6285:17 December 2008 at the 5074:The St. Petersburg Times 3956:"Cruise line definition" 3482:"The history of cruises" 3357:The Business Travel News 2790:Coronavirus disease 2019 2568:After investigating the 2082:Total employment impact 1788:Turks and Caicos Islands 341:Christian Wilhelm Allers 37:Not to be confused with 8613:Roll-on/roll-off (RORO) 8512:Roll-on/roll-off (RORO) 7110:. Seaforth Publishing. 7049:Munsart, Craig (2015). 7011:Klein, Ross A. (2002). 6916:Dawson, Philip (2000). 6859:Butler, Manuel (2010). 4695:"The Regent Experience" 4361:The Wall Street Journal 4118:"Cruise Ship Orderbook" 3836:. Seaforth Publishing. 3507:Kludas, Arnold (1999). 2606:man-overboard incidents 2581:Federal police officers 2570:death of Dianne Brimble 2038:Passenger embarkations 1320:Cruise ship utilization 1312:Many cruise lines have 1237: 1232:Bridge on a cruise ship 369:transatlantic crossings 8654:Platform supply vessel 8467:Coastal trading vessel 8100:World Tourism rankings 8040:BEST Education Network 6305:"Cruise Ship Invasion" 6289:(Order Code RL32450). 6061:10.1001/jama.2016.0733 5045:. 2008. Archived from 4609:Cruises.lovetoknow.com 4449:The Vancouver Observer 4445:"The cost of cruising" 3754:The New Zealand Herald 3550:. Whitestarhistory.com 3353:"Cruise New June 2012" 2873:Emission Control Areas 2869:MARPOL IV-14 agreement 2822: 2738:Legionella pneumophila 2630: 2544: 2535:United States Congress 2499:machines used include 2459:semi-automatic pistols 2357:shipyards (located at 2335:shipyards (located at 2324:shipyards (located at 2254: 2215:/ induced jobs income 1918:British Virgin Islands 1554: 1459: 1444: 1136:Brilliance of the Seas 967: 966:class of cruise ships. 950: 920: 904: 806: 745: 744:class of cruise ships. 679: 638: 637:class of cruise ships. 583: 469: 442:sailed for the French 330: 215: 125: 119:Tallinn Passenger Port 92: 69: 56: 8639:Diving support vessel 8136:Arabian Travel Market 7125:Ulrich, Kurt (1998). 7068:Peter, Bruce (2017). 5043:"Helsinki port guide" 4488:10.5195/jwsr.2016.613 3522:Warren, Mark (1993). 3428:"History and Culture" 3310:Collard, Ian (2009). 2897:liquified natural gas 2820: 2807:Further information: 2730:Legionnaires' disease 2718:Legionnaires' disease 2624:View of the stern of 2623: 2539: 2346:Shipyard (located in 2246: 2157:Tours and activities 1905:Saint Kitts and Nevis 1663:San Juan, Puerto Rico 1592:Norwegian Cruise Line 1535: 1450: 1442: 1034:Child care facilities 956: 935: 910: 893: 812:Royal Caribbean Group 792: 734: 696:vessels in 2006. The 672: 627: 576:Sovereign of the Seas 574: 529:Norwegian Cruise Line 457: 323: 230:. Built in 1831, the 207: 98: 75: 62: 49: 8644:Emergency tow vessel 8146:Festival del Viaggio 8112:World Travel Monitor 7764:Convention (meeting) 7611:Hospitality industry 7147:, published annually 6996:. New York: Viking. 6231:"E. Coli Infections" 6169:on 27 November 2007. 5810:15 July 2014 at the 5734:on 28 September 2019 5346:on 5 September 2010. 5253:elliestraveltips.com 4765:Duran, Pere (2005). 4122:Cruise Industry News 4092:Cruise Industry News 3935:Cruise Industry News 3813:on 30 September 2011 3761:on 30 September 2007 3461:Smithsonian Magazine 3230:List of ocean liners 3220:List of cruise ships 2797:Environmental impact 2549:international waters 2071:Direct expenditures 1568:Carnival Cruise Line 1476:repositioning cruise 1342:1992 Summer Olympics 1203:Radiance of the Seas 1052:Infirmary and morgue 959:Serenade of the Seas 940:-class cruise ship, 816:list of cruise lines 775:Holland America Line 771:Carnival Cruise Line 608:, leading up to the 582:-class cruise ships. 482:Holland America Line 362:Hamburg-America Line 8771:Nautical operations 8715:Floating restaurant 8497:Lighter aboard ship 8223:Adjectival tourisms 8141:Cruise of the Kings 8060:Life Beyond Tourism 7839:Roadside attraction 6975:Cruise Ship Tourism 6219:on 8 December 2013. 5830:The Washington Post 5671:on 30 December 2019 5132:on 22 February 2014 5100:"Cemar 2010 report" 5080:on 5 September 2010 5049:on 21 February 2009 5023:on 27 February 2008 4881:The Washington Post 4605:"Cruise to Nowhere" 4306:Ellie's Travel Tips 4067:Southern Daily Echo 3911:on 28 December 2021 3886:. 11 December 2010. 3884:Cruise Market Watch 3728:on 5 September 2010 2892:output every year. 2854:damage aquatic life 2600:Overboard drownings 2497:Explosive detection 2419:Safety and security 2020: 1996:Trinidad and Tobago 1879:Antigua and Barbuda 1435:Regional industries 1102:Freedom of the Seas 8725:Merchant submarine 8400:Maritime transport 8280:Passenger airlines 8187:Impacts of tourism 8017:Trade associations 7992:Outdoor literature 7884:Tourist attraction 7829:Perpetual traveler 7173:on 11 August 2021. 6303:Engelson, Andrew. 5528:sourcesecurity.com 4803:on 29 October 2021 4035:The New York Times 3903:The New York Times 3511:. London: Chatham. 2823: 2645:metacentric height 2631: 2261:companies and one 2255: 2253:in Shanghai, 2023. 2093:Total wage impact 2018: 1892:Dominican Republic 1576:Disney Cruise Line 1555: 1460: 1445: 1395:Carnival Sensation 1200:A junior suite on 1183:Surf simulator on 1119:Allure of the Seas 1064:Observation lounge 968: 951: 936:Princess Cruises' 921: 905: 807: 746: 737:Celebrity Solstice 680: 662:in November 2008, 639: 584: 470: 331: 216: 126: 108:Vision of the Seas 93: 91:, in February 2016 70: 57: 52:Wonder of the Seas 8799: 8798: 8502:Livestock carrier 8405:Freight transport 8336: 8335: 8161:World Tourism Day 7979:Travel literature 7944:Travel technology 7869:Tourism geography 7629:Convention center 7619:Bed and breakfast 7480:Recreational drug 6477:on 28 August 2014 6003:. 7 February 2019 5857:Lancet Infect Dis 5324:on 6 August 2024. 5201:978-0-85345-977-4 4854:standbynordic.com 4603:Mayntz, Melissa. 4560:on 16 August 2019 4507:Cruiseshipjob.com 4098:on 22 August 2016 3860:. 16 January 2023 3783:. 16 January 2022 3602:on 4 October 2013 3576:on 7 October 2011 3570:"TGOL – Teutonic" 3533:978-1-85260-148-5 3488:on 9 January 2014 3164:Dongfang Zhi Xing 3068:Mikhail Lermontov 2658:According to the 2513:11 September 2001 2236: 2235: 2103: 2102: 2004: 2003: 1572:Celebrity Cruises 1499:Mediterranean Sea 1480:Galápagos Islands 1420:Celebrity Eclipse 1400:Hurricane Katrina 1346:Port of Barcelona 1219:Celebrity Equinox 1186:Oasis of the Seas 1170:Celebrity Equinox 1153:Celebrity Equinox 1116:Promenade on the 1025:Buffet restaurant 981:Celebrity Cruises 848:Galápagos Islands 721:COVID-19 pandemic 675:Oasis of the Seas 660:Queen Elizabeth 2 630:Oasis of the Seas 540:Queen Elizabeth 2 514:Queen Elizabeth 2 509:Queen Elizabeth 2 461:Queen Elizabeth 2 160:COVID-19 pandemic 16:(Redirected from 8824: 8750:Semi-submersible 8735:Pipe-laying ship 8432: 8415:Maritime history 8363: 8356: 8349: 8340: 8339: 8326: 8325: 8316: 8315: 8306: 8305: 8002:Travel magazines 7997:Tourism journals 7929:Travel insurance 7874:Tourism minister 7854:Tour bus service 7218: 7211: 7204: 7195: 7194: 7174: 7169:. Archived from 7140: 7121: 7102: 7083: 7064: 7045: 7026: 7007: 6988: 6969: 6950: 6931: 6912: 6893: 6874: 6855: 6826: 6825: 6823: 6821: 6806: 6800: 6799: 6797: 6795: 6775: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6739: 6733: 6732: 6730: 6728: 6713: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6677: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6652: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6626: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6598: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6573: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6545: 6539: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6519: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6493: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6482: 6476: 6470:. Archived from 6469: 6461: 6455: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6436: 6430: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6410: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6391:(in Norwegian). 6380: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6343: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6300: 6294: 6273: 6272: 6267: 6261: 6252: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6241: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6215:. Archived from 6205: 6199: 6198: 6196: 6194: 6177: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6162:. Archived from 6157: 6149: 6143: 6142: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6104: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6082: 6073: 6072: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6019: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6008: 5993: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5951: 5927: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5916: 5904: 5891: 5890: 5880: 5848: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5820: 5814: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5775: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5764: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5719: 5713: 5712: 5707: 5705: 5695: 5687: 5681: 5680: 5678: 5676: 5667:. Archived from 5657: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5637: 5628: 5622: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5581: 5573: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5520: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5492: 5486: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5357: 5348: 5347: 5342:. Archived from 5340:sun-sentinel.com 5332: 5326: 5325: 5320:. Archived from 5314: 5308: 5307: 5300: 5294: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5270: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5244: 5238: 5237: 5235: 5233: 5226:onecaribbean.org 5223: 5215: 5206: 5205: 5189: 5179: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5162: 5153: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5122: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5076:. Archived from 5065: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5022: 5015: 5007: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4981: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4899: 4893: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4871: 4865: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4819: 4813: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4691: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4642:. Archived from 4629: 4623: 4622: 4617: 4615: 4599: 4593: 4592: 4586: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4556:. Archived from 4546: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4499: 4493: 4492: 4490: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4440: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4414:Cruisejunkie.com 4405: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4388:Wander Eat Write 4379: 4373: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4351: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4312: 4297: 4291: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4270: 4262: 4256: 4255: 4238:(2–3): 160–177. 4227: 4221: 4220: 4202: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4184:Business Insider 4174: 4168: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4124:. 6 January 2011 4114: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4084: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4058: 4052: 4051: 4049: 4047: 4031: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4013: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3966:on 24 April 2019 3962:. Archived from 3952: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3910: 3905:. Archived from 3894: 3888: 3887: 3876: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3854: 3848: 3847: 3829: 3823: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3757:. Archived from 3744: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3713: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3687: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3676: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3643: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3626:cruisecritic.com 3618: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3592: 3586: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3544: 3538: 3537: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3504: 3498: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3452: 3446: 3445: 3423: 3417: 3414: 3408: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3366: 3364: 3349: 3343: 3342: 3332: 3330: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3291: 3289: 3266: 3214: 3212:Transport portal 3209: 3208: 3200: 3195: 3194: 3151:, no fatalities. 3112:World Discoverer 3022:World Discoverer 3013: 3004: 2995: 2986: 2835:hazardous wastes 2756:Escherichia coli 2754:Enterotoxigenic 2747:Escherichia coli 2745:Enterotoxigenic 2660:Washington Post, 2517:airport security 2290:Ancona shipyards 2250:Adora Magic City 2109: 2108: 2021: 2017: 1675: 1674: 1564:Princess Cruises 1545:Carnival Triumph 1539:Carnival Liberty 1451:Cruise ships in 1415:Eyjafjallajökull 1389:Carnival Holiday 1383:Carnival Fantasy 1314:loyalty programs 1288:Icy Strait Point 1229: 1214: 1197: 1180: 1165: 1156:before Christmas 1147: 1130: 1113: 1096: 1067:Ping pong tables 985:Princess Cruises 835:Windstar Cruises 786:in Southampton. 566:Princess Cruises 336:Augusta Victoria 135:used mainly for 114:Mein Schiff Herz 65:Icon of the Seas 21: 8832: 8831: 8827: 8826: 8825: 8823: 8822: 8821: 8802: 8801: 8800: 8795: 8759: 8740:Research vessel 8730:Narco-submarine 8678: 8622: 8564: 8550:Hydrogen tanker 8535:Chemical tanker 8521: 8482:Heavy-lift ship 8433: 8424: 8410:Merchant marine 8373: 8367: 8337: 8332: 8294: 8211: 8165: 8116: 8011: 7973: 7934:Travel medicine 7924:Travel document 7919:Travel behavior 7889:Tourist gateway 7814:Journey planner 7747: 7639:Destination spa 7605: 7276:Bicycle touring 7227: 7222: 7181: 7155: 7153:Further reading 7150: 7143:Ward, Douglas, 7137: 7118: 7099: 7080: 7061: 7042: 7023: 7004: 6985: 6966: 6947: 6928: 6909: 6890: 6871: 6852: 6835: 6830: 6829: 6819: 6817: 6807: 6803: 6793: 6791: 6776: 6772: 6762: 6760: 6740: 6736: 6726: 6724: 6714: 6710: 6700: 6698: 6678: 6674: 6664: 6662: 6654: 6653: 6649: 6639: 6637: 6628: 6627: 6620: 6610: 6608: 6600: 6599: 6595: 6585: 6583: 6575: 6574: 6570: 6560: 6558: 6546: 6542: 6532: 6530: 6521: 6520: 6516: 6506: 6504: 6494: 6490: 6480: 6478: 6474: 6467: 6463: 6462: 6458: 6448: 6446: 6444:www.airclim.org 6438: 6437: 6433: 6423: 6421: 6412: 6411: 6407: 6397: 6395: 6393:Teknisk Ukeblad 6381: 6377: 6367: 6365: 6356: 6355: 6351: 6341: 6339: 6327: 6323: 6313: 6311: 6301: 6297: 6287:Wayback Machine 6270: 6268: 6264: 6253: 6249: 6239: 6237: 6235:medlineplus.gov 6229: 6228: 6224: 6207: 6206: 6202: 6192: 6190: 6179: 6178: 6174: 6166: 6155: 6151: 6150: 6146: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6118: 6116: 6106: 6105: 6101: 6091: 6089: 6084: 6083: 6076: 6046: 6045: 6041: 6031: 6029: 6021: 6020: 6016: 6006: 6004: 5995: 5994: 5990: 5980: 5978: 5970: 5969: 5965: 5928: 5924: 5914: 5912: 5905: 5894: 5849: 5845: 5835: 5833: 5821: 5817: 5812:Wayback Machine 5802: 5798: 5788: 5786: 5776: 5772: 5762: 5760: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5737: 5735: 5720: 5716: 5703: 5701: 5688: 5684: 5674: 5672: 5659: 5658: 5654: 5644: 5642: 5635: 5629: 5625: 5615: 5613: 5610:www.GovTrack.us 5604: 5603: 5599: 5589: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5574: 5570: 5560: 5558: 5546: 5542: 5532: 5530: 5522: 5521: 5517: 5507: 5505: 5493: 5489: 5479: 5477: 5465: 5461: 5451: 5449: 5447:Cruise Law News 5441: 5440: 5436: 5426: 5424: 5415: 5414: 5410: 5400: 5398: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5372: 5370: 5358: 5351: 5334: 5333: 5329: 5316: 5315: 5311: 5302: 5301: 5297: 5283: 5281: 5272: 5271: 5267: 5257: 5255: 5245: 5241: 5231: 5229: 5221: 5217: 5216: 5209: 5202: 5180: 5176: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5154: 5145: 5135: 5133: 5124: 5123: 5119: 5109: 5107: 5098: 5097: 5093: 5083: 5081: 5066: 5062: 5052: 5050: 5041: 5040: 5036: 5026: 5024: 5020: 5013: 5009: 5008: 5004: 4994: 4992: 4982: 4978: 4968: 4966: 4954: 4950: 4940: 4938: 4928: 4924: 4914: 4912: 4900: 4896: 4886: 4884: 4872: 4868: 4858: 4856: 4846: 4842: 4832: 4830: 4820: 4816: 4806: 4804: 4791: 4790: 4786: 4776: 4774: 4763: 4759: 4749: 4747: 4735: 4731: 4723:Washington Post 4714: 4710: 4700: 4698: 4693: 4692: 4685: 4675: 4673: 4663: 4659: 4649: 4647: 4646:on 30 June 2014 4639:Monterey Herald 4630: 4626: 4613: 4611: 4600: 4596: 4577: 4573: 4563: 4561: 4548: 4547: 4543: 4533: 4531: 4526: 4525: 4521: 4511: 4509: 4501: 4500: 4496: 4467: 4463: 4453: 4451: 4441: 4428: 4418: 4416: 4408:Klein, Ross A. 4406: 4402: 4392: 4390: 4380: 4376: 4366: 4364: 4352: 4348: 4338: 4336: 4324: 4320: 4310: 4308: 4298: 4294: 4284: 4282: 4263: 4259: 4228: 4224: 4217: 4203: 4199: 4189: 4187: 4175: 4171: 4166: 4162: 4152: 4150: 4142: 4141: 4137: 4127: 4125: 4116: 4115: 4111: 4101: 4099: 4086: 4085: 4081: 4071: 4069: 4059: 4055: 4045: 4043: 4026: 4025: 4021: 4011: 4009: 3997: 3993: 3984: 3983: 3979: 3969: 3967: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3939: 3937: 3929: 3928: 3924: 3914: 3912: 3895: 3891: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3863: 3861: 3856: 3855: 3851: 3844: 3830: 3826: 3816: 3814: 3801: 3800: 3796: 3786: 3784: 3779: 3778: 3774: 3764: 3762: 3745: 3741: 3731: 3729: 3714: 3710: 3700: 3698: 3688: 3684: 3674: 3672: 3662: 3658: 3645: 3644: 3640: 3630: 3628: 3620: 3619: 3615: 3605: 3603: 3594: 3593: 3589: 3579: 3577: 3568: 3567: 3563: 3553: 3551: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3534: 3520: 3516: 3505: 3501: 3491: 3489: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3465: 3463: 3453: 3449: 3442: 3424: 3420: 3415: 3411: 3406: 3402: 3395: 3379: 3375: 3362: 3360: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3308: 3304: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3210: 3203: 3196: 3189: 3186: 3156:Costa Concordia 3104:Galileo Galilei 3046: 3045: 3044: 3043: 3040:Costa Concordia 3016: 3015: 3014: 3006: 3005: 2997: 2996: 2988: 2987: 2978: 2977: 2971: 2915:in places like 2909: 2865:sulphur dioxide 2815: 2805: 2799: 2786: 2780: 2751: 2720: 2687:gastroenteritis 2680: 2675: 2669: 2637: 2618: 2602: 2493:metal detectors 2489: 2471:Seabourn Spirit 2444:Seabourn Spirit 2438: 2432: 2427: 2421: 2241: 2168:Transportation 2135:Accommodations 2124:Food and drink 2118: 2032: 2030: 2009: 1710:Cozumel, Mexico 1687: 1685: 1611:Fort Lauderdale 1607:Port Everglades 1580:Holland America 1530: 1437: 1429:Kangaroo Island 1408:Hurricane Maria 1327:troop transport 1322: 1306:Crystal Cruises 1280: 1240: 1233: 1230: 1221: 1215: 1206: 1198: 1189: 1181: 1172: 1166: 1157: 1148: 1139: 1133:Golf course on 1131: 1122: 1114: 1105: 1099:H2OZone aboard 1097: 1019: 943:Island Princess 930: 888: 729: 452: 420:White Star Line 387:luxury services 298:cruise holidays 202: 197: 133:passenger ships 83:at the port of 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Pleasure cruise 15: 12: 11: 5: 8830: 8820: 8819: 8814: 8797: 8796: 8794: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8767: 8765: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8710:Fishing vessel 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8686: 8684: 8680: 8679: 8677: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8630: 8628: 8624: 8623: 8621: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8574: 8572: 8566: 8565: 8563: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8531: 8529: 8523: 8522: 8520: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8492:Lake freighter 8489: 8484: 8479: 8477:Container ship 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8443: 8441: 8435: 8434: 8427: 8425: 8423: 8422: 8417: 8412: 8407: 8402: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8381: 8379: 8375: 8374: 8371:merchant ships 8366: 8365: 8358: 8351: 8343: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8330: 8320: 8310: 8299: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8292: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8271: 8270: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8219: 8217: 8213: 8212: 8210: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8192:Leakage effect 8189: 8184: 8179: 8173: 8171: 8167: 8166: 8164: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8127: 8125: 8118: 8117: 8115: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8103: 8102: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8021: 8019: 8013: 8012: 8010: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7983: 7981: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7971: 7969:Visitor center 7966: 7961: 7959:Travel website 7956: 7954:Travel warning 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7879:Tourism region 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7755: 7753: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7745: 7740: 7739: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7708: 7706:Referral chain 7703: 7698: 7693: 7688: 7687: 7686: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7624:Boutique hotel 7621: 7615: 7613: 7607: 7606: 7604: 7603: 7598: 7597: 7596: 7591: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7550: 7549: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7513: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7441: 7440: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7419: 7418: 7413: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7382: 7381: 7371: 7366: 7365: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7344: 7343: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7331: 7330: 7325: 7315: 7310: 7308:Archaeological 7300: 7299: 7298: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7237: 7235: 7229: 7228: 7221: 7220: 7213: 7206: 7198: 7192: 7191: 7180: 7179:External links 7177: 7176: 7175: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7148: 7141: 7136:978-1860643736 7135: 7122: 7117:978-1848321724 7116: 7103: 7097: 7084: 7078: 7065: 7059: 7046: 7041:978-1871128154 7040: 7027: 7022:978-0865714625 7021: 7008: 7003:978-0670034185 7002: 6989: 6984:978-1845930486 6983: 6970: 6965:978-1862505124 6964: 6951: 6945: 6932: 6926: 6913: 6908:978-0870335297 6907: 6894: 6889:978-0750643849 6888: 6875: 6869: 6856: 6851:978-0789021984 6850: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6828: 6827: 6801: 6770: 6734: 6708: 6672: 6647: 6618: 6593: 6568: 6540: 6529:. 24 July 2019 6514: 6502:Marine Insight 6488: 6456: 6431: 6405: 6375: 6364:on 22 May 2010 6349: 6321: 6309:Hakai Magazine 6295: 6262: 6247: 6222: 6200: 6189:. 30 July 2007 6172: 6144: 6126: 6099: 6074: 6039: 6014: 5988: 5963: 5922: 5892: 5843: 5815: 5796: 5770: 5745: 5714: 5682: 5652: 5623: 5597: 5568: 5540: 5515: 5495:Vaux, Robert. 5487: 5459: 5434: 5408: 5380: 5349: 5327: 5309: 5295: 5280:. 2 April 2017 5265: 5239: 5207: 5200: 5174: 5143: 5117: 5106:on 1 June 2009 5091: 5060: 5034: 5002: 4976: 4948: 4922: 4894: 4866: 4840: 4814: 4784: 4757: 4729: 4708: 4683: 4657: 4624: 4594: 4571: 4541: 4519: 4494: 4461: 4426: 4400: 4374: 4346: 4318: 4292: 4257: 4222: 4215: 4197: 4169: 4160: 4135: 4109: 4079: 4053: 4042:. 17 July 2004 4019: 3991: 3977: 3947: 3922: 3889: 3871: 3849: 3843:978-1848321724 3842: 3824: 3794: 3772: 3739: 3708: 3682: 3656: 3638: 3613: 3587: 3561: 3539: 3532: 3514: 3499: 3473: 3447: 3440: 3418: 3409: 3400: 3393: 3373: 3359:. 25 June 2012 3344: 3322: 3302: 3281: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3253: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3201: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3180: 3168: 3160: 3152: 3140: 3132: 3124: 3116: 3108: 3100: 3092: 3084: 3072: 3064: 3055: 3018: 3017: 3008: 3007: 2999: 2998: 2990: 2989: 2981: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2974: 2973: 2972: 2970: 2969:Sunken vessels 2967: 2945:Giudecca Canal 2908: 2905: 2890:carbon dioxide 2861:heavy fuel oil 2839:air pollutants 2801:Main article: 2798: 2795: 2782:Main article: 2779: 2776: 2750: 2743: 2719: 2716: 2679: 2676: 2671:Main article: 2668: 2665: 2641:center of mass 2635:Ship stability 2627:Royal Princess 2617: 2614: 2601: 2598: 2594: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2566: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2501:X-ray machines 2488: 2487:Crime on-board 2485: 2463:master-at-arms 2434:Main article: 2431: 2428: 2420: 2417: 2410: 2409: 2399: 2398: 2397: 2387: 2377:Perno shipyard 2364: 2363: 2362: 2351: 2340: 2329: 2322:Sestri Ponente 2319: 2308: 2297: 2277: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2233: 2230: 2227: 2223: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2209: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2187: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2176: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2165: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2154: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2143: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2119:US$ millions 2115: 2112: 2101: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2064: 2061: 2057: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2035: 2034: 2027: 2024: 2008: 2005: 2002: 2001: 1998: 1993: 1989: 1988: 1985: 1980: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1959: 1954: 1950: 1949: 1946: 1941: 1937: 1936: 1933: 1928: 1924: 1923: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1907: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1871: 1868: 1863: 1859: 1858: 1855: 1850: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1837: 1833: 1832: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1819: 1816: 1811: 1807: 1806: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1785: 1781: 1780: 1777: 1772: 1768: 1767: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1749:Cayman Islands 1746: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1733: 1729: 1728: 1725: 1720: 1716: 1715: 1712: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1682: 1679: 1615:Port Canaveral 1551:Carnival Glory 1529: 1526: 1436: 1433: 1404:Hurricane Irma 1335:hospital ships 1321: 1318: 1279: 1278:Business model 1276: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1224: 1222: 1216: 1209: 1207: 1199: 1192: 1190: 1182: 1175: 1173: 1167: 1160: 1158: 1149: 1142: 1140: 1132: 1125: 1123: 1115: 1108: 1106: 1098: 1091: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1043:Fitness center 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1018: 1015: 1010:Royal Princess 948:Cabo San Lucas 929: 926: 902:Port Canaveral 887: 884: 870:Patapsco River 784:Carnival House 728: 725: 458:Cunard Line's 451: 448: 333:The cruise of 280:Constantinople 201: 198: 196: 193: 152:water tourists 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8829: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8809: 8807: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8781:Admiralty law 8779: 8777: 8776:Affreightment 8774: 8772: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8762: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8681: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8625: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8575: 8573: 8571: 8567: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8528: 8524: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8444: 8442: 8440: 8436: 8431: 8421: 8420:Shipping line 8418: 8416: 8413: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8382: 8380: 8376: 8372: 8364: 8359: 8357: 8352: 8350: 8345: 8344: 8341: 8329: 8321: 8319: 8311: 8309: 8301: 8300: 8297: 8291: 8288: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8269: 8266: 8265: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8238:Casino hotels 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8220: 8218: 8214: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8174: 8172: 8168: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8132: 8129: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8119: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8101: 8098: 8097: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8080:Tourism Radio 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8022: 8020: 8018: 8014: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7976: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7939:Travel survey 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7914:Travel agency 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7864:Tour operator 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7809:Hypermobility 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7774:Escorted tour 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7754: 7750: 7744: 7741: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7713: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7685: 7682: 7681: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7612: 7608: 7602: 7599: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7586: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7548: 7545: 7544: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7492: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7439: 7436: 7435: 7434: 7433:International 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7408: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7380: 7377: 7376: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7348: 7345: 7341: 7338: 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Brown 849: 844: 840: 837:only operate 836: 832: 829:and formerly 828: 827:Star Clippers 824: 819: 817: 813: 805: 801: 797: 796: 795:Silver Spirit 791: 787: 785: 780: 776: 772: 768: 762: 758: 756: 755:hotel manager 751: 743: 739: 738: 733: 724: 722: 716: 712: 710: 706: 704: 699: 695: 693: 688: 684: 677: 676: 671: 667: 665: 661: 657: 656: 651: 646: 644: 636: 632: 631: 626: 622: 619: 615: 611: 607: 605: 600: 596: 592: 590: 581: 577: 573: 569: 567: 562: 561: 560:The Love Boat 555: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 536: 530: 526: 522: 517: 515: 511: 510: 505: 501: 500: 494: 490: 489: 483: 478: 473: 467: 463: 462: 456: 447: 445: 441: 437: 433: 432: 427: 426: 421: 417: 416: 411: 410: 405: 401: 400: 399:City of Paris 395: 390: 388: 384: 380: 379: 374: 370: 365: 363: 359: 358: 353: 348: 346: 342: 338: 337: 328: 327: 322: 318: 316: 312: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 213: 212: 206: 192: 190: 186: 182: 181:South Pacific 178: 174: 173:Mediterranean 170: 164: 161: 155: 153: 148: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 124: 120: 116: 115: 110: 109: 104: 103: 99:Cruise ships 97: 90: 86: 82: 81: 74: 67: 66: 61: 54: 53: 48: 44: 40: 33: 19: 8812:Cruise ships 8695:Crane vessel 8587: 8487:Hopper barge 8452:Bulk carrier 8258:Cruise lines 8233:Bibliography 7894:Tourist trap 7819:Package tour 7784:Factory tour 7759:College tour 7633: 7438:Volunteering 7386:Experiential 7171:the original 7164: 7144: 7126: 7107: 7088: 7069: 7050: 7031: 7012: 6993: 6974: 6955: 6936: 6917: 6898: 6879: 6860: 6841: 6833:Bibliography 6818:. Retrieved 6814: 6804: 6792:. Retrieved 6783: 6773: 6761:. Retrieved 6749:The Guardian 6747: 6737: 6725:. Retrieved 6721: 6711: 6699:. Retrieved 6687:The Guardian 6685: 6675: 6663:. Retrieved 6659: 6650: 6638:. Retrieved 6633: 6609:. Retrieved 6605: 6596: 6584:. Retrieved 6580: 6571: 6561:26 September 6559:. Retrieved 6555:The Guardian 6553: 6543: 6531:. Retrieved 6526: 6517: 6507:26 September 6505:. Retrieved 6501: 6491: 6479:. Retrieved 6472:the original 6459: 6447:. Retrieved 6443: 6434: 6422:. Retrieved 6417: 6408: 6396:. Retrieved 6388: 6378: 6366:. Retrieved 6362:the original 6352: 6340:. Retrieved 6336:The Guardian 6334: 6324: 6312:. Retrieved 6308: 6298: 6265: 6256: 6250: 6238:. Retrieved 6234: 6225: 6217:the original 6212: 6203: 6191:. Retrieved 6184: 6175: 6164:the original 6159: 6147: 6138: 6129: 6117:. Retrieved 6111: 6102: 6090:. Retrieved 6052: 6048: 6042: 6030:. Retrieved 6026: 6017: 6005:. Retrieved 6000: 5991: 5979:. Retrieved 5975: 5966: 5939: 5935: 5925: 5913:. 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Retrieved 5018:the original 5005: 4993:. Retrieved 4990:CruiseCritic 4989: 4979: 4967:. Retrieved 4961: 4951: 4939:. Retrieved 4935: 4925: 4913:. Retrieved 4907: 4897: 4885:. Retrieved 4879: 4869: 4857:. Retrieved 4853: 4843: 4831:. Retrieved 4827: 4817: 4805:. Retrieved 4801:the original 4797:SportCal.com 4796: 4787: 4775:. Retrieved 4773:. p. 11 4760: 4748:. Retrieved 4744:The Guardian 4742: 4732: 4721: 4711: 4699:. Retrieved 4674:. Retrieved 4660: 4648:. Retrieved 4644:the original 4637: 4627: 4619: 4612:. Retrieved 4608: 4597: 4582: 4574: 4562:. Retrieved 4558:the original 4553: 4544: 4532:. Retrieved 4522: 4510:. Retrieved 4506: 4497: 4478: 4474: 4464: 4452:. Retrieved 4448: 4417:. Retrieved 4413: 4403: 4391:. Retrieved 4387: 4377: 4365:. Retrieved 4359: 4349: 4337:. Retrieved 4331: 4321: 4309:. Retrieved 4305: 4295: 4283:. Retrieved 4272: 4260: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4206: 4200: 4188:. Retrieved 4182: 4172: 4163: 4151:. Retrieved 4147: 4138: 4126:. Retrieved 4121: 4112: 4100:. 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