980:
742:
1818:
851:: An ocean liner is the traditional form of passenger ship. Once such liners operated on scheduled line voyages to all inhabited parts of the world. With the advent of airliners transporting passengers and specialized cargo vessels hauling freight, line voyages have almost died out. But with their decline came an increase in sea trips for pleasure and fun, and in the latter part of the 20th century ocean liners gave way to cruise ships as the predominant form of large passenger ship containing from hundreds to thousands of people, with the main area of activity changing from the
952:
1704:
20:
755:
1014:(GT) is a comparatively new measure, adopted in 1982 to replace GRT. It is calculated based on "the moulded volume of all enclosed spaces of the ship", and is used to determine things such as a ship's manning regulations, safety rules, registration fees, and port dues. It is produced by a mathematical formula, and does not distinguish between mechanical and passenger spaces, and thus is not directly comparable to historic GRT measurements.
994:
1018:, a measure of mass, is not commonly used for passenger vessels. While a high displacement can indicate better sea keeping abilities, gross tonnage is promoted as the most important measure of size for passenger vessels, as the ratio of gross tonnage per passenger – the Passenger/Space Ratio – gives a sense of the spaciousness of a ship, an important consideration in cruise liners where the onboard amenities are of high importance.
966:
44:
729:
1109:
mechanisms. Lack of an adequate backup system to propel the ship can, in rough seas, render it dead in the water and result in loss of the ship. The 2006 Revised
Passenger Ship Safety Standards address these issues, and others, requiring that ships ordered after July, 2010 conform to safe return to port regulations; however, as of 2013 many ships remain in service which lack this capacity.
845:: They are vessels for day to day or overnight short-sea trips moving passengers and vehicles (whether road or rail). There also exist Cruise ferries, designed for longer routes, lasting from one to a couple of days. They are named such because they tend to include amenities common on cruise ships (pools, discos, spas, etc...)
1116:(SOLAS) requires passenger ships operating in international waters must either be constructed or upgraded to exclude combustible materials. It is believed some owners and operators of ships built before 1980, which are required to upgrade or retire their vessels, will be unable to conform to the regulations.
868:
Although some ships have characteristics of both types, the design priorities of the two forms are different: ocean liners value speed and traditional luxury while cruise ships value amenities (swimming pools, theaters, ball rooms, casinos, sports facilities, etc.) rather than speed. These priorities
692:
which have accommodations for limited numbers of passengers, such as the ubiquitous twelve-passenger freighters once common on the seas in which the transport of passengers is secondary to the carriage of freight. The type does however include many classes of ships designed to transport substantial
1108:
Passengers on ships without backup generators suffer substantial distress due to lack of water, refrigeration, and sewage systems in the event of loss of the main engines or generators due to fire or other emergency. Power is also unavailable to the crew of the ship to operate electrically powered
1039:
Today, due to changes in construction, engineering, function, architecture, and, crucially, measurement system – which measures functionally all of a ship's internal volume, not just part of it – modern passenger ships' GT values are much higher than their displacements. The Cunard Queens' current
1099:
research from 2019 reported passenger vessels, much more than freight vessels, are subject to degradations in stability as a result of increases in lightship weight. Passenger vessels appear to be more pressing candidates for lightship weight-tracking programs than freight vessels.
1594:
1058:
This new class is characteristic of an explosive growth in gross tonnage, which has more than doubled from the largest cruise ships of the late 1990s. This reflects the much lower relative weight of enclosed space in the comparatively light
908:
ocean liners, they are fast ships and strongly built to withstand the rigors of the North
Atlantic in line voyage service, but both ships are also designed to operate as cruise ships, with the amenities expected in that trade.
1606:
591:
1063:
of a ship versus its heavily reinforced and machinery-laden hull space, as cruise ships have grown slab-sided vertically from their maximum beam to accommodate more passengers within a given hull size.
1199:
1651:
1472:
839:
was finally dethroned from her 56-year reign as the largest passenger ship ever built (a dethronement that led to numerous further dethronements from the same position).
602:
1113:
1073:
610:
877:
or travel even further to South
America or Asia while cruise ships typically serve shorter routes with more stops along coastlines or among various islands.
1258:
1010:(GRT) was a measure of the internal volume of certain enclosed areas of a ship divided into "tons" equivalent to 100 cubic feet (2.8 m) of space.
782:, which often transport passengers on round-trips, in which the trip itself and the attractions of the ship and ports visited are the principal draw.
1444:
1415:
814:: For a long time, cruise ships were smaller than the old ocean liners had been, but in the 1980s, this changed when Knut Kloster, the director of
1503:
1748:
1222:
558:
1546:
1006:
Because of changes in historic measurement systems, it is difficult to make meaningful and accurate comparisons of ship sizes. Historically,
829:. Her success demonstrated that there was a market for large cruise ships. Successive classes of ever-larger ships were ordered, until the
483:
1207:
113:
1354:
1927:
1178:
231:
1577:
2178:
1287:
697:
were able to transport mail, package freight and express, and other cargo in addition to passenger luggage, and were equipped with
1025:, put in service in 1912, had a GRT of 46,328 and a displacement reported at over 52,000 tons. Similarly, Cunard Line's mid-1930s
1480:
1044:, has been estimated to only displace approximately 76,000 tons. With the completion in 2009 of the first of the over 225,000 GT
667:
641:
1312:
1717:
778:, which typically are passenger or passenger-cargo vessels transporting passengers and often cargo on longer line voyages; and
596:
701:
and derricks, kingposts, or other cargo-handling gear for that purpose. Only in more recent ocean liners and in virtually all
1521:
1741:
1627:
1079:
946:
631:
586:
552:
433:
774:, which are vessels for day to day or overnight short-sea trips moving passengers and vehicles (whether road or rail);
2173:
2021:
636:
81:
1126:, built in 1966 was one such ship, but was reported to be headed for inter-island service in Venezuelan waters.
1734:
1817:
1266:
1096:
920:
979:
1423:
660:
547:
473:
1233:
356:
2199:
1135:
569:
285:
1688:
1117:
1045:
72:
2041:
1854:
1139:
1121:
1007:
914:
905:
746:
653:
741:
2026:
1358:
815:
446:
300:
1291:
2031:
1573:
1021:
Historically, a ship's GRT and displacement were somewhat similar in number. For example,
852:
516:
262:
65:
8:
2204:
2158:
2102:
1884:
1652:"Athens Convention relating to the Carriage of Passengers and their Luggage by Sea (PAL)"
1394:
1015:
834:
209:
1330:
688:
whose primary function is to carry passengers on the sea. The category does not include
2112:
1787:
1527:
951:
869:
produce different designs. In addition, ocean liners typically were built to cross the
325:
194:
125:
1889:
1792:
1531:
1517:
1316:
1158:
1055:, passenger ships' displacements rose to 100,000 tons, well less than half their GT.
1036:
were of approximately 81,000 – 83,000 GRT and had displacements of over 80,000 tons.
997:
932:
881:
615:
532:
421:
366:
221:
176:
130:
58:
25:
2137:
2122:
2056:
2000:
1899:
1802:
1709:
1509:
819:
759:
576:
383:
241:
226:
183:
108:
92:
2127:
2117:
1937:
1922:
1869:
1797:
1581:
709:
542:
511:
456:
451:
411:
204:
2097:
1879:
1864:
1859:
1569:
1567:
1505:
Review and Update of U.S. Coast Guard Vessel
Stability Regulations and Guidance
1381:
1060:
1026:
970:
870:
693:
numbers of passengers as well as freight. Indeed, until recently virtually all
440:
416:
376:
371:
290:
199:
2193:
2168:
2163:
2046:
1914:
1807:
1758:
1011:
874:
856:
685:
537:
349:
315:
280:
275:
171:
156:
118:
87:
35:
1564:
1091:
within a period of 30 minutes from the time the abandon-ship signal is given
2082:
1874:
1839:
1703:
1449:
1084:
984:
894:
733:
581:
266:
149:
144:
2077:
2051:
2005:
1995:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1942:
1932:
1904:
1894:
1357:. United States Coast Guard Maritime Information Exchange. Archived from
848:
830:
811:
799:
789:
779:
775:
702:
698:
694:
428:
305:
295:
251:
1726:
975:(1936), approximately 81,000 – 83,000 GRT, displacement over 80,000 tons
19:
2107:
1990:
1947:
1849:
1826:
1777:
825:, and transformed her into a huge cruise ship, which he renamed the SS
754:
717:
689:
478:
189:
161:
2132:
2092:
1844:
1576:
WorldCruise-Network.com 8 September 2010, accessed
February 25, 2013
713:
495:
468:
463:
388:
331:
310:
246:
214:
993:
2142:
2087:
2036:
1513:
965:
904:), which entered service in 2004, are of hybrid construction. Like
891:
1547:"Lack of Backup Power Puts Cruise Passengers at the Ocean's Mercy"
2061:
1146:
956:
395:
361:
339:
320:
43:
1721:
728:
488:
236:
1501:
1985:
1834:
1782:
842:
794:
771:
139:
134:
1772:
1002:(2009), 225,282 GT, approximately 100,000 tons displacement
344:
1502:
National
Academies of Sciences, Engineering (2020-01-09).
989:(2003), 148,528 GT, approximately 76,000 tons displacement
805:
1678:
Autour du Monde
Paquebots: Cruise Ships Around the World
923:
line as the largest passenger ship ever built; however,
1157:
Passengers and their luggage at sea are covered by the
927:
still hold the record for the largest ocean liner. The
1114:
International
Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
1074:
International
Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
1699:
1691:" (nº 75), série Techniques. Paris: Gallimard, 1990.
1206:. Associated Press. 6 February 2006. Archived from
1545:Meier, Barry; Schwartz, John (February 24, 2013).
1380:
818:, bought one of the biggest surviving liners, the
1928:Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO)
2191:
1445:"If Royal Caribbean builds it, 6,400 could come"
863:
708:While typically passenger ships are part of the
1259:"Glossary, definition of Passenger Space Ratio"
1586:
1742:
1628:"The History of the International Ice Patrol"
1544:
1192:
1087:(...) within 24 hours after their embarkation
661:
1200:"Royal Caribbean orders $ 1.24B cruise ship"
961:(1912), 46,328 GRT, 52,310 tons displacement
1592:
1129:
1089:and to be able to perform full abandonment
16:Watercraft intended to carry people onboard
1749:
1735:
1413:
668:
654:
2179:List of merchant navy capacity by country
1756:
1538:
1145:to address the long-outstanding issue of
1078:Passenger ships are subject to two major
712:, passenger ships have also been used as
705:has this cargo capacity been eliminated.
1103:
992:
978:
964:
950:
753:
740:
727:
18:
890:) (1969) and her successor as Cunard's
642:London Maritime Arbitrators Association
2192:
806:Rough synopses of passenger ship types
597:International Convention on Load Lines
1730:
1654:. International Maritime Organization
1605:. Cruise Media Oy Ltd. Archived from
1373:
1067:
1685:Les paquebots, ambassadeurs des mers
1347:
1265:. choosecruising.com. Archived from
1152:
1644:
1473:"A ship is its 'own best lifeboat'"
1453:. Associated Press. 7 February 2006
1223:"Gross Tonnage Versus Displacement"
1080:International Maritime Organization
947:Timeline of largest passenger ships
940:
632:International Maritime Organization
587:Ballast Water Management Convention
553:International Convention on Salvage
434:The captain goes down with the ship
13:
1179:"Winter 03-04: A Ship for the Sea"
14:
2216:
2174:International Chamber of Shipping
2022:Anchor handling tug supply vessel
1695:
1479:. 18 January 2012. Archived from
1816:
1702:
1593:Reinikainen, Kari (2009-05-06).
1290:. 123Ttravel.com. Archived from
1220:
42:
1620:
1495:
1465:
1437:
1407:
1082:requirements : to perform
720:when used as for that purpose.
82:Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris
1323:
1305:
1280:
1251:
1214:
1171:
785:There are several main types:
723:
716:and often are commissioned as
1:
1670:
1138:was formed in 1914 after the
1097:Transportation Research Board
864:Cruise ships vs. ocean liners
637:Comité Maritime International
603:International Regulations for
559:United Nations Convention on
1263:Information and Explanations
605:Preventing Collisions at Sea
7:
1112:After October 1, 2010, the
1040:successor, the 148,528 GT
624:International organizations
10:
2221:
1680:. Editions marines, 1996.
1071:
944:
548:Maritime Labour Convention
2151:
2070:
2014:
1956:
1913:
1825:
1814:
1765:
1085:musters of the passengers
816:Norwegian Caribbean Lines
525:International conventions
1580:25 February 2013 at the
1574:"Hidden Depths of SOLAS"
1164:
1136:International Ice Patrol
1130:External safety measures
770:Passenger ships include
570:International piracy law
561:the Law of the Sea
2001:Roll-on/roll-off (RORO)
1900:Roll-on/roll-off (RORO)
1676:Durand, Jean-François.
1118:Fred. Olsen Cruise Line
873:between Europe and the
592:Anti-fouling Convention
2042:Platform supply vessel
1855:Coastal trading vessel
1632:The Maritime Executive
1603:Cruise Business Online
1477:Lloyd's List Australia
1414:Maxtone-Graham, John.
1313:"Titanic's Dimensions"
1181:. Cruise Industry News
1008:gross register tonnage
1003:
990:
976:
962:
931:was superseded by the
913:was superseded by the
764:
751:
738:
29:
2027:Diving support vessel
1689:DĂ©couvertes Gallimard
1683:Marin, Pierre-Henri.
1288:"Cruise Ship Tonnage"
1104:Design considerations
996:
982:
968:
954:
945:Further information:
768:Passenger Ship Types:
757:
744:
731:
22:
2032:Emergency tow vessel
1599:for further trading"
1210:on 20 February 2009.
853:North Atlantic Ocean
517:Vice admiralty court
263:Contract of carriage
66:Corpus Juris Civilis
2159:Nautical operations
2103:Floating restaurant
1885:Lighter aboard ship
1595:"Fred. Olsen sells
929:Freedom of the Seas
916:Freedom of the Seas
748:Freedom of the Seas
2113:Merchant submarine
1788:Maritime transport
1551:The New York Times
1335:Atlanticliners.com
1294:on 11 October 2007
1230:theyachtreport.com
1068:Safety regulations
1004:
991:
977:
963:
765:
752:
739:
126:Maritime transport
30:
2187:
2186:
1890:Livestock carrier
1793:Freight transport
1523:978-0-309-49721-3
1391:LR ships in class
1331:"Queen Mary Home"
1159:Athens Convention
1153:Other regulations
1053:Oasis of the Seas
999:Oasis of the Seas
937:in October 2009.
934:Oasis of the Seas
883:Queen Elizabeth 2
678:
677:
616:Athens Convention
582:MARPOL Convention
533:Hague-Visby Rules
422:Freight forwarder
367:Proof of delivery
222:Maritime security
59:Code of Hammurabi
26:Queen Elizabeth 2
2212:
2138:Semi-submersible
2123:Pipe-laying ship
1820:
1803:Maritime history
1751:
1744:
1737:
1728:
1727:
1712:
1710:Transport portal
1707:
1706:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1648:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1638:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1590:
1584:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1422:. Archived from
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1395:Lloyd's Register
1388:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1315:. Archived from
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1238:
1232:. Archived from
1227:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1175:
941:Measures of size
732:An ocean liner,
670:
663:
656:
577:SOLAS Convention
564:
429:Captain (Master)
227:Letter of marque
184:Marine insurance
93:Hanseatic League
46:
32:
31:
23:An ocean liner,
2220:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2200:Passenger ships
2190:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2147:
2128:Research vessel
2118:Narco-submarine
2066:
2010:
1952:
1938:Hydrogen tanker
1923:Chemical tanker
1909:
1870:Heavy-lift ship
1821:
1812:
1798:Merchant marine
1761:
1755:
1708:
1701:
1698:
1687:, collection "
1673:
1668:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1636:
1634:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1612:
1610:
1591:
1587:
1582:Wayback Machine
1572:
1565:
1555:
1553:
1543:
1539:
1524:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1429:
1427:
1412:
1408:
1399:
1397:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1364:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1339:
1337:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1319:on 27 May 2006.
1311:
1310:
1306:
1297:
1295:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1272:
1270:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1239:on 7 April 2004
1236:
1225:
1221:Rahn, Charles.
1219:
1215:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1155:
1140:sinking of the
1132:
1106:
1076:
1070:
1034:Queen Elizabeth
949:
943:
921:Royal Caribbean
866:
836:Queen Elizabeth
808:
745:A cruise ship,
726:
710:merchant marine
674:
607:
604:
566:
562:
560:
543:Rotterdam Rules
512:Admiralty court
452:Freight company
443:
205:General average
186:
157:Merchant marine
63:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2218:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2098:Fishing vessel
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1880:Lake freighter
1877:
1872:
1867:
1865:Container ship
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1759:merchant ships
1754:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1714:
1713:
1697:
1696:External links
1694:
1693:
1692:
1681:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1643:
1619:
1585:
1563:
1537:
1522:
1514:10.17226/25565
1494:
1483:on 21 May 2013
1464:
1436:
1420:twbookmark.com
1416:"Queen Mary 2"
1406:
1372:
1355:"Queen Mary 2"
1346:
1322:
1304:
1279:
1250:
1213:
1191:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1154:
1151:
1131:
1128:
1105:
1102:
1069:
1066:
1061:superstructure
1051:cruise ships,
942:
939:
871:Atlantic Ocean
865:
862:
861:
860:
846:
840:
807:
804:
803:
802:
797:
792:
725:
722:
682:passenger ship
676:
675:
673:
672:
665:
658:
650:
647:
646:
645:
644:
639:
634:
626:
625:
621:
620:
619:
618:
613:
611:SAR Convention
608:
601:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
573:
572:
557:
555:
550:
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438:
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419:
406:
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393:
392:
391:
381:
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369:
364:
359:
354:
353:
352:
342:
337:
336:
335:
328:
318:
313:
308:
303:
298:
293:
291:Bill of lading
288:
283:
278:
270:
269:
259:
258:
257:
256:
255:
254:
252:Wartime prizes
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
219:
218:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
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174:
169:
167:Passenger ship
164:
154:
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137:
123:
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116:
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98:
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61:
53:
52:
48:
47:
39:
38:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2217:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:Admiralty law
2167:
2165:
2164:Affreightment
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
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2109:
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2013:
2007:
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1809:
1808:Shipping line
1806:
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1690:
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1679:
1675:
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1653:
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1633:
1629:
1623:
1609:on 2009-10-11
1608:
1604:
1600:
1598:
1589:
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1579:
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1568:
1552:
1548:
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1511:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1426:on 2006-06-28
1425:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1385:
1376:
1361:on 2013-05-23
1360:
1356:
1350:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1269:on 2010-08-29
1268:
1264:
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1050:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1012:Gross tonnage
1009:
1001:
1000:
995:
988:
987:
981:
974:
973:
967:
960:
959:
953:
948:
938:
936:
935:
930:
926:
922:
918:
917:
912:
907:
906:transatlantic
903:
899:
898:
893:
889:
885:
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878:
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875:United States
872:
858:
857:Caribbean Sea
854:
850:
847:
844:
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837:
832:
828:
824:
823:
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809:
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798:
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793:
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788:
787:
786:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
763:
762:
761:Mega Smeralda
756:
750:
749:
743:
737:
736:
730:
721:
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
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691:
690:cargo vessels
687:
686:merchant ship
683:
671:
666:
664:
659:
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629:
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623:
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614:
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571:
568:
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556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
538:Hamburg Rules
536:
534:
531:
530:
529:
528:
524:
523:
518:
515:
513:
510:
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508:
507:
503:
502:
497:
494:
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487:
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472:
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402:
397:
394:
390:
389:International
387:
386:
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378:
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374:
373:
370:
368:
365:
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355:
351:
348:
347:
346:
343:
341:
338:
334:
333:
329:
327:
324:
323:
322:
319:
317:
316:Force majeure
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
276:Affreightment
274:
273:
272:
271:
268:
264:
261:
260:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
223:
220:
216:
213:
211:
210:Seaworthiness
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
187:
185:
182:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
159:
158:
155:
151:
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
132:
129:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:Fisheries law
117:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
106:
105:
104:
100:
99:
94:
91:
89:
88:Amalfian Laws
86:
84:
83:
79:
75:
74:
70:
69:
68:
67:
62:
60:
57:
56:
55:
54:
50:
49:
45:
41:
40:
37:
36:Admiralty law
34:
33:
28:
27:
21:
2083:Crane vessel
1957:
1875:Hopper barge
1840:Bulk carrier
1684:
1677:
1656:. Retrieved
1646:
1635:. Retrieved
1631:
1622:
1611:. Retrieved
1607:the original
1602:
1597:Black Prince
1596:
1588:
1556:February 25,
1554:. Retrieved
1550:
1540:
1504:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1481:the original
1476:
1467:
1455:. Retrieved
1450:Boston Globe
1448:
1439:
1428:. Retrieved
1424:the original
1419:
1409:
1398:. Retrieved
1390:
1384:Queen Mary 2
1383:
1375:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:the original
1349:
1338:. Retrieved
1334:
1325:
1317:the original
1307:
1296:. Retrieved
1292:the original
1282:
1271:. Retrieved
1267:the original
1262:
1253:
1241:. Retrieved
1234:the original
1229:
1216:
1208:the original
1204:Boston Globe
1203:
1194:
1183:. Retrieved
1173:
1156:
1141:
1133:
1123:Black Prince
1122:
1111:
1107:
1095:
1090:
1083:
1077:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1042:Queen Mary 2
1041:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1016:Displacement
1005:
998:
986:Queen Mary 2
985:
983:Ocean liner
971:
969:Ocean liner
957:
955:Ocean liner
933:
928:
924:
915:
910:
901:
897:Queen Mary 2
896:
887:
882:
879:
867:
849:Ocean liners
835:
826:
821:
812:Cruise ships
800:Ocean liners
790:Cruise ships
784:
780:cruise ships
776:ocean liners
767:
766:
760:
747:
734:
707:
703:cruise ships
695:ocean liners
681:
679:
362:Packing list
330:
267:Charterparty
177:Registration
166:
150:Shipbuilding
80:
71:
64:
24:
2078:Cable layer
2071:Other types
2052:Salvage tug
2006:Train ferry
1996:Ocean liner
1981:Cruiseferry
1976:Cruise ship
1971:Cargo liner
1966:Cable ferry
1943:LNG carrier
1933:Gas carrier
1905:Train ferry
1895:Reefer ship
1149:collision.
724:Description
718:naval ships
699:cargo holds
504:Judiciaries
306:Consignment
2205:Ship types
2194:Categories
2108:Icebreaker
1991:Narrowboat
1948:Oil tanker
1850:Chain boat
1778:Cargo ship
1671:References
1637:2021-04-09
1613:2009-05-10
1487:20 January
1457:16 October
1430:2006-06-21
1400:2012-07-19
1386:(9241061)"
1365:16 October
1340:2012-05-23
1298:2007-12-28
1273:2007-12-28
1243:16 October
1185:2012-05-23
1072:See also:
1029:Queen Mary
972:Queen Mary
714:troopships
326:Commercial
301:Chartering
215:Total loss
190:Act of God
162:Cargo ship
2133:Riverboat
2093:Drillship
1958:Passenger
1845:Car float
1827:Dry cargo
1766:Overviews
1532:203502771
1027:RMS
895:RMS
880:Both the
758:A ferry,
735:Normandie
496:Stevedore
474:Principal
469:Consignor
464:Consignee
447:Charterer
332:Pro forma
311:Demurrage
296:Brokerage
247:Smuggling
242:Pollution
200:Collision
2143:Snagboat
2037:Fireboat
1578:Archived
1032:and RMS
892:flagship
820:SS
563:(UNCLOS)
357:Manifest
350:Maritime
286:Barratry
172:Mortgage
131:Shipping
101:Features
2152:Related
2088:Dredger
2062:Tugboat
2015:Support
1915:Tankers
1860:Collier
1757:Modern
1658:7 March
1147:iceberg
1142:Titanic
1023:Titanic
958:Titanic
919:of the
855:to the
843:Ferries
795:Ferries
772:ferries
457:Manager
441:Carrier
404:Parties
396:Waybill
372:Salvage
340:Laytime
321:Invoice
145:Freight
114:Illegal
109:Fishing
73:Digesta
51:History
2057:Tender
2047:Pusher
1722:Curlie
1530:
1520:
1049:-class
833:liner
831:Cunard
827:Norway
822:France
489:Mutiny
484:Seaman
417:Factor
281:Agency
237:Piracy
1986:Ferry
1835:Barge
1783:Cargo
1718:Ships
1528:S2CID
1237:(PDF)
1226:(PDF)
1165:Notes
1047:Oasis
684:is a
479:Owner
412:Agent
384:Terms
232:Drugs
195:Cargo
140:Cargo
135:Ferry
1773:Ship
1660:2024
1558:2013
1518:ISBN
1489:2012
1459:2021
1367:2021
1245:2021
1134:The
345:Lien
1720:at
1510:doi
1120:'s
925:QM2
911:QM2
902:QM2
888:QE2
377:Law
2196::
1630:.
1601:.
1566:^
1549:.
1526:.
1516:.
1508:.
1475:.
1447:.
1418:.
1393:.
1389:.
1333:.
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1228:.
1202:.
1161:.
1093:.
680:A
1750:e
1743:t
1736:v
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1560:.
1534:.
1512::
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1433:.
1403:.
1382:"
1369:.
1343:.
1301:.
1276:.
1247:.
1188:.
900:(
886:(
859:.
669:e
662:t
655:v
265:/
133:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
