772:
commencement of the risk, be reasonably fit to encounter the ordinary perils of the port. (3) Where the policy relates to a voyage which is performed in different stages, during which the ship requires different kinds of or further preparation or equipment, there is an implied warranty that at the commencement of each stage the ship is seaworthy in respect of such preparation or equipment for the purposes of that stage. (4) A ship is deemed to be seaworthy when she is reasonably fit in all respects to encounter the ordinary perils of the seas of the adventure insured. (5) In a time policy there is no implied warranty that the ship shall be seaworthy at any stage of the adventure, but where, with the privity of the assured, the ship is sent to sea in an unseaworthy state, the insurer is not liable for any loss attributable to unseaworthiness.
790:. This does not mean the vessel need be capable of encountering any peril. The test of seaworthiness may be "that the ship should be in a condition to encounter whatever perils of the sea a ship of that kind, and laden in that way, may be fairly expected to encounter in the voyage to be performed". However, the strict liability at common law is invariably modified in contracts of affreightment. In charter parties the shipowner may negotiate an express clause excluding his liability for unseaworthiness or he may, as it more usual, agree to incorporate the provisions of the
22:
91:
825:(1905) provides that: "A vessel must have that degree of fitness which an ordinary careful and prudent owner would require his vessel to have at the commencement of her voyage having regard to all the probable circumstances of it…Would a prudent owner have required that it (i.e. the defect) should be made good before sending his ship to sea, had he known of it? If he would, the ship was not seaworthy…"
848:, are many years away from ratification. If and when the Rotterdam Rules come into force, the carrier will have to maintain seaworthiness throughout the voyage, not just at the start. Presumably the standard of seaworthiness at sea would be somewhat lower than when in port (where refit facilities are available).
806:
provides: "The carrier shall be bound before and at the beginning of the voyage to exercise due diligence to— (a) Make the ship seaworthy. (b) Properly man, equip and supply the ship. (c) Make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers, and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit
751:
makes it a criminal offence to send or attempt to send an unseaworthy ship to sea. Seaworthiness in this context relates to defective structures, equipment, under-manning, overloading etc. and the vessel may be detained. In every contract of employment at sea there is an implied obligation on the
785:
At common law, when goods are carried by sea by a “common carrier” (a public carrier), then, if the contract of carriage does not contain an exception clause relating to seaworthiness, there is an absolute undertaking that the vessel is seaworthy. Liability is “strict”**, meaning the carrier is
738:
voyage policy, the assured warrants that the vessel is seaworthy. A carrier of goods by sea owes a duty to a shipper of cargo that the vessel is seaworthy at the start of the voyage. A shipowner warrants to a charterer that the vessel under charter is seaworthy; and similarly, a shipbuilder
771:
S. 39 (1) In a voyage policy there is an implied warranty that at the commencement of the voyage the ship shall be seaworthy for the purpose of the particular adventure insured. (2 )Where the policy attaches while the ship is in port, there is also an implied warranty that she shall, at the
828:
Together with the Hague Visby Rules, the common law provides that the concept of "seaworthiness" covers: the ship, its equipment and supplies, the crew, the vessel's suitability for the particular cargo and its suitability for the particular voyage or for particular ports.
814:
adds: " There shall not be implied in any contract for the carriage of goods by sea to which the Rules apply by virtue of this Act any absolute undertaking by the carrier of the goods to provide a seaworthy ship." This provision makes it clear that there is no
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owner to ensure the seaworthiness of the ship and an allegation of unseaworthiness may be brought by the crew, though at least five members of the crew are required to bring the action.
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require (respectively) that "the goods", (the ship), "comply with description" and shall be of "satisfactory quality".
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887:. However, in a controversial judgment, the court held that the charterer could not cancel and was entitled only to
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791:
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1066:"Rotterdam Rules The: A Practical Annotation" - (2009) -ed. Yvonne Batz - Institute of Maritime Law /Informa
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To properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, discharge and deliver the cargo;
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To provide a seaworthy ship which complies with the charterparty description;
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1077:"A shipowners duty to provide a seaworthy ship under the charterparty"
1000:"A shipowners duty to provide a seaworthy ship under the charterparty"
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warrants that the vessel under construction will be seaworthy.
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To comply with charterers’ legitimate employment instructions;
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that the vessel is "reasonably seaworthy in all respects":
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898:
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A shipowner will normally owe the following duties to the
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and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation.
1089:
Hong Kong Fir
Shipping v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha 2 QB 26
1030:
Hong Kong Fir
Shipping v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha 2 QB 26
910:. However, the common law "business efficacy rule" in
1021:
Hang Fung
Shipping & Trading v Mullion 1 LL R 511
880:
Hong Kong Fir
Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha
755:
734:in at least four contractual relationships. In a
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786:liable even in the absence of negligence, as in
873:To prosecute voyages with reasonable dispatch.
851:
708:
29:The examples and perspective in this article
743:Statutory seaworthiness – criminal liability
963:"SEAWORTHY Definition & Legal Meaning"
715:
701:
989:McFadden v Blue Star Line (1905) 1 KB 697
776:Seaworthiness in Carriage of Goods by Sea
67:Learn how and when to remove this message
1039:Stanton v Richardson (1874) LR 9 CP 390
1012:Burges v Wickham (1863) 3 B & S 669
899:Seaworthiness in Shipbuilding Contracts
689:London Maritime Arbitrators Association
1107:
644:International Convention on Load Lines
924:. Also, sections 13 & 14 of the
916:may require that seaworthiness is an
895:of the main benefit of the contract.
836:, which are intended to replace the
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679:International Maritime Organization
634:Ballast Water Management Convention
600:International Convention on Salvage
481:The captain goes down with the ship
13:
1057:Ciampa v British India Co 2 B 774
906:will normally be effected using a
891:, since neither breach denied the
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1131:
943:Carriage of Goods By Sea Act 1971
812:Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971
792:Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971
764:, in a voyage policy there is an
756:Seaworthiness in Marine Insurance
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819:to provide a seaworthy ship.
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684:Comité Maritime International
650:International Regulations for
606:United Nations Convention on
1098:The Moorcock (1889) 14 PD 64
652:Preventing Collisions at Sea
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852:Seaworthiness in Chartering
671:International organizations
43:, discuss the issue on the
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802:Article III Rule 1 of the
749:Merchant Shipping Act 1995
595:Maritime Labour Convention
1048:Thin v Richards 2 QB 141
823:McFadden v Blue Star Line
762:Marine Insurance Act 1906
572:International conventions
760:Under Section 39 of the
617:International piracy law
608:the Law of the Sea
639:Anti-fouling Convention
968:Black's Law Dictionary
926:Sale of Goods Act 1979
908:standard form contract
904:Shipbuilding contracts
788:Liver Alkali v Johnson
564:Vice admiralty court
310:Contract of carriage
113:Corpus Juris Civilis
49:create a new article
41:improve this article
31:may not represent a
794:into the charter.
173:Maritime transport
842:Hague-Visby Rules
810:Section 3 of the
804:Hague-Visby Rules
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663:Athens Convention
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580:Hague-Visby Rules
469:Freight forwarder
414:Proof of delivery
269:Maritime security
106:Code of Hammurabi
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551:Judiciaries
353:Consignment
1109:Categories
949:References
938:Seakeeping
798:By statute
373:Commercial
348:Chartering
262:Total loss
237:Act of God
209:Cargo ship
975:March 10,
885:deviation
858:charterer
543:Stevedore
521:Principal
516:Consignor
511:Consignee
494:Charterer
379:Pro forma
358:Demurrage
343:Brokerage
294:Smuggling
289:Pollution
247:Collision
45:talk page
932:See also
922:contract
893:claimant
610:(UNCLOS)
404:Manifest
397:Maritime
333:Barratry
219:Mortgage
178:Shipping
148:Features
57:May 2018
39:You may
920:of the
889:damages
504:Manager
488:Carrier
451:Parties
443:Waybill
419:Salvage
387:Laytime
368:Invoice
192:Freight
161:Illegal
156:Fishing
120:Digesta
98:History
536:Mutiny
531:Seaman
464:Factor
328:Agency
284:Piracy
526:Owner
459:Agent
431:Terms
279:Drugs
242:Cargo
187:Cargo
182:Ferry
47:, or
977:2023
844:and
832:The
747:The
392:Lien
877:In
424:Law
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