31:
1009:
1280:
1294:
806:
919:
1209:
57:
1928:
1053:. Who were authorized to flag the ships and also ensured that the vessels were sea worthy. All of the private shipping companies merged and formed the National Shipping Corporation (NSC) and the Pakistan Shipping Corporation (PSC) and as a result they had a common flag. Among these companies were the
1031:
Although some ships were involved in the
Atlantic and North Pacific trade, mostly this involved domestic and South Pacific cargos. New Zealand-owned ships were involved in trade with the United Kingdom (84% of all New Zealand exports in 1939) and the majority of New Zealand seamen had served with the
832:
in the mid-20th century it slipped down the rankings. In 1939, the merchant navy was the largest in the world with 33% of total tonnage. By 2012, the merchant navy held only 3% of total tonnage. As of the year ending 2012, British
Merchant Marine interests consists of 1,504 ships of 100 GT or
1087:
is the national flag carrier. The corporation's head office is located in
Karachi. A regional office based in Lahore caters for upcountry shipping requirements. The corporation also has an extensive overseas network of agents looking after its worldwide shipping business. The Pakistan National
1017:
In
December 1939, 3,000 seafarers were employed and 186 merchant vessels were on the New Zealand Registry (many larger New Zealand vessels were however registered in London for insurance purposes). Some foreign vessels were impressed, including the four-masted barque,
1191:
in order to ensure the supply of critical resources during World War II. After the war, a privately owned merchant fleet emerged, spurred in part by government subsidies that paid for the fleet's operation up until 1953. As of 2006, 26 ships (mostly
1027:
New
Zealand, like several other Commonwealth nations, created a merchant navy. However, the "wartime Merchant Navy was neither a military force nor a single coherent body", instead it was "a diverse collection of private companies and ships".
952:
Greece is a maritime nation by tradition, as shipping is arguably the oldest form of occupation of the Greeks and a key element of Greek economic activity since ancient times. In 2015, the Greek
Merchant Marine controlled the world's largest
1012:
A portrait of a New
Zealand Merchant Navy captain of a Fairmile 'submarine chaser', as he holds up and looks through a small coloured screen. This disc allows him to look into the sky to search for dive bombers without damaging his
1080:(PNSC) with the intent of reestablishing the Pakistan Merchant Navy. Later, the company was incorporated under the provisions of the Pakistan National Shipping Corporation Ordinance of 1979 and the Companies Ordinance of 1984.
1773:
604:
1671:
1752:
874:, like several other Commonwealth nations, created its own merchant navy in a large-scale effort in World War II. Established in 1939, the Canadian Merchant Navy played a major role in the
1049:
The
Pakistan Merchant Navy was formed in 1947. The Ministry of Railways and Communication (Port and Shipping Wing), Mercantile Marine Department and Shipping Office established by the
1595:
1242:), and the men and women who crew them. The merchant marine transports cargo and passengers during peacetime. In time of war, the merchant marine is an auxiliary to the
1035:
Over the course of the war, 64 ships were sunk by enemy action on the New
Zealand–UK route, and 140 merchant seafarers died (a similar number were also taken prisoner).
615:
1573:
1470:
1635:
1505:
623:
993:. India currently supplies around 12.8% of officers and around 14.5% of ratings to the world seafaring community. This is one of the highest of any country.
1660:
1795:
1748:
571:
1602:
1500:
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to be flown on land for the occasion as a matter of protocol, as an official recognition of the merchant navy's contribution in wartime. The
496:
1257:
The people of the merchant marine are called "merchant mariners", and are civilians except in times of war, when, in accordance with the
126:
1700:
772:
244:
1431:
1401:
1312:
1344:
833:
over. This includes ships either UK directly owned, parent owned or managed by a
British company. This amounts to: 59,413,000
1261:, they are considered military personnel. As of 2009, the U.S. merchant fleet numbered 422 ships and approximately 69,000 people.
791:, the national capital city of Australia, is a memorial honouring the Australian Merchant Navy's involvement in both world wars.
680:
654:
1749:"Scindia Steam Navigation Co. Ltd Share/Stock Price Live Today (INR 8.2), NSE/BSE, Buy OR Sell, News & Tips - Indiainfoline"
19:
This article is about merchant navies and merchant marines of various countries. For a more general article on the subject, see
1084:
1077:
933:
The Greek maritime fleet is today engaged in commerce and transportation of goods and services universally. It consists of the
742:
The following is a partial list of the merchant navies or merchant marines of various countries. In many countries the fleet's
609:
34:
825:
The British Merchant Navy comprises the British merchant ships that transport cargo and people during times of peace and war.
1833:
1235:
1726:
30:
1565:
1627:
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and, after 1989, by modern Poland. As of 1999, the PMH controlled 57 ships (of 1,000 GT or over) totaling 1,120,165
1123:
1054:
714:
644:
599:
565:
446:
1815:
Neil Atkinson, Ed, 'Hell or High Water, New Zealand Merchant Seafarers Remember the War' Harper Collins, Auckland, 2009
881:
Eventually thousands of Canadians served in the merchant navy aboard hundreds of Canadian merchant ships, notably the "
818:
784:
1495:
828:
For much of its history, the merchant navy was the largest merchant fleet in the world, but with the decline of the
1932:
1058:
846:
1264:
Not included in these numbers are the over 700 ships which are owned by American interests but are registered, or
1008:
649:
1854:
1239:
759:
During the First World War, the government requisitioned Australian merchant vessels for use as transport ships,
94:
985:
The birth of the modern Indian Merchant Navy occurred before independence from the United Kingdom, when in 1919
1170:
1130:
890:
800:
726:
718:
38:
1372:
1959:
1217:
893:, trained Canadian merchant mariners. "Manning pools", merchant navy barracks, were built in Canadian ports.
739:; since then a number of other nations have also adopted use of that title or the similar "Merchant Marine".
735:
bestowed the title of the "Merchant Navy" on the British merchant shipping fleets following their service in
1552:
The story of Australia's flags: Our flags, standards, guidons, colours, banners, battle honours, and ensigns
1258:
1068:
Pakistan suffered a great loss, and most of Pakistani vessels were left in Bangladesh, because of having
902:
673:
1000:, Tolani Shipping, SCI now a private company, and Seven Islands Shipping which is an ownership company.
1969:
1964:
1826:"The Merchant Navy in the Second World War - The Merchant Navy | NZHistory, New Zealand history online"
1787:
1251:
560:
486:
723:
International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW)
1223:
369:
809:
A recent example of British Merchant Navy officers, graduating at their 'passing out' ceremony from
1227:
1208:
850:
810:
582:
298:
996:
India has many merchant shipping companies. Some of the prominent shipping companies in India are
1076:
nationalized the National Shipping Corporation and Pakistan Shipping Corporation, and formed the
85:
1954:
1122:, many ships of the Polish Navy joined the Allied merchant navy and its convoys as part of the
1115:
1050:
1044:
997:
875:
866:
854:
666:
1879:
1188:
1154:
922:
913:
780:
459:
313:
24:
1696:
1723:"Lloyd's List Top 100 Most Influential People in the Shipping Industry. Edition 6, page 61"
1097:
1065:
529:
275:
78:
1423:
1393:
8:
1888:
1327:
1073:
946:
222:
1912:
1894:
1243:
1176:
1146:
1138:
990:
962:
878:
bolstering the Allies' merchant fleet due to high losses in the British Merchant Navy.
838:
338:
207:
138:
20:
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sailed from India to Britain. Today, India ranks 15th in the world in terms of total
779:, on the same day as the pre-existing Australian National Flag Day, which allows the
776:
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434:
379:
234:
189:
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71:
1317:
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1069:
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254:
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196:
121:
105:
1825:
1788:"The longest lifeline - The Merchant Navy | NZHistory, New Zealand history online"
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1103:
969:. Greece is also ranked highly regarding all types of ships, including first for
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524:
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carriers) totalling 479,624 tons, operated by five shipping companies, flew the
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country, has a civilian high seas fleet of merchant vessels, whose home port is
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of 334,649,089 tons and a fleet of 5,226 Greek owned vessels, according to
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279:
162:
157:
1424:"Researching Australian military service: Second World War, Merchant Navy"
814:
767:. During World War II, they were commissioned for use as hospital ships,
743:
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441:
318:
308:
264:
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is simply the capitalized version of the common noun ("Merchant Navy").
1857:. Pakistan National Shipping Corporation. 17 March 2009. Archived from
1247:
1197:
764:
491:
202:
174:
1858:
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882:
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401:
344:
323:
259:
227:
918:
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1111:
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732:
16:
Fleet of merchant vessels that are registered in a specific country
958:
853:. British shipping is represented nationally and globally by the
408:
374:
352:
333:
1072:
speaking crew on them. On 1 January 1974, President of Pakistan
56:
1927:
938:
871:
710:
501:
249:
1129:
After the war, the Polish Merchant Navy was controlled by the
775:. Since 2008, 3 September has been officially commemorated as
1222:
The United States Merchant Marine is made up of the nation's
1184:
1180:
152:
147:
1088:
Shipping Corporation also has several subsidiary companies.
1416:
1231:
357:
842:
1911: (GT) tons or over. Fleet statistics from the 2009
896:
1655:
1653:
1601:. National Capital Authority. p. 1. Archived from
1878:
Most English-speaking countries call their fleet the "
1563:
1187:. The first ships were purchased and operated by the
1650:
1275:
771:and armed merchant cruisers, in particular in the
1946:
1566:"Australia Remembers Merchant Navy Sacrifices"
749:
674:
1003:
885:", the Canadian equivalent of the American "
1564:The Maritime Executive (2 September 2019).
1501:Department of Veterans' Affairs (Australia)
1226:merchant ships and government owned ships (
754:
1459:"Service marks merchant navy contribution"
1038:
681:
667:
1313:List of merchant navy capacity by country
860:
1345:World War II United States Merchant Navy
1164:
1007:
917:
804:
794:
29:
1847:
1490:
1488:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1365:"STCW for Seafarers - A Complete Guide"
1203:
1091:
980:
655:London Maritime Arbitrators Association
1947:
1085:Pakistan National Shipping Corporation
1078:Pakistan National Shipping Corporation
907:
610:International Convention on Load Lines
35:British propaganda during World War II
1886:are used in, for example, the French
1782:
1780:
1729:from the original on 23 December 2015
1576:from the original on 22 February 2022
1508:from the original on 22 February 2022
1434:from the original on 22 February 2022
1404:from the original on 22 February 2022
929:, making it the largest in the world.
897:Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic
1703:from the original on 12 January 2020
1554:, Playbill Printworks, 2015, p. 259.
1485:
1446:
925:controls 23.2% of the world's total
845:shipping statistics provided by the
41:in sustaining the Allied war effort.
1638:from the original on 28 August 2019
1473:from the original on 3 January 2022
1467:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1124:Polish contribution to World War II
1055:Muhammadi Steamship Company Limited
645:International Maritime Organization
600:Ballast Water Management Convention
566:International Convention on Salvage
447:The captain goes down with the ship
13:
1777:
1755:from the original on March 8, 2014
1246:and can be called upon to deliver
1207:
841:. This is according to the annual
14:
1981:
1921:
1677:from the original on 4 March 2016
1539:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
1527:Commonwealth of Australia Gazette
1137: (GT)/1,799,569 tonnes
1059:East & West Steamship Company
837:or alternatively 75,265,000
819:Alan West, Baron West of Spithead
785:Australian Merchant Navy Memorial
1926:
1697:"UK Chamber of Shipping - About"
1628:"Fact File : Merchant Navy"
1335:Seafarer's professions and ranks
1292:
1278:
707:registered in a specific country
55:
1901:
1872:
1836:from the original on 2018-08-12
1818:
1809:
1798:from the original on 2018-08-12
1767:
1741:
1715:
1689:
1620:
1588:
1496:"Merchant Navy Day 3 September"
1394:"First World War Merchant Navy"
1375:from the original on 2019-07-22
1240:Department of Homeland Security
95:Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris
1557:
1544:
1532:
1520:
1386:
1357:
1212:Seal of the US Merchant Marine
1171:Merchant Marine of Switzerland
1118:regained independence. During
891:St. Margarets Bay, Nova Scotia
801:Merchant Navy (United Kingdom)
1:
1350:
1218:United States Merchant Marine
1175:Switzerland, despite being a
941:civilians, flying either the
817:, with former First Sea Lord
650:Comité Maritime International
616:International Regulations for
572:United Nations Convention on
727:Merchant Mariner's Documents
618:Preventing Collisions at Sea
7:
1271:
1259:Merchant Marine Act of 1936
1131:People's Republic of Poland
903:Czechoslovak Ocean Shipping
637:International organizations
10:
1986:
1215:
1168:
1110:, PMH) was created in the
1102:The Polish Merchant Navy (
1095:
1042:
911:
900:
864:
798:
750:Merchant navies by country
561:Maritime Labour Convention
18:
1108:Polska Marynarka Handlowa
1004:New Zealand Merchant Navy
717:and sometimes members of
538:International conventions
23:. For the racehorse, see
1228:Military Sealift Command
851:Department for Transport
811:Warsash Maritime Academy
755:Australian Merchant Navy
583:International piracy law
574:the Law of the Sea
37:highlighted the role of
1541:No. GN 26, 2 July 2008.
1428:Australian War Memorial
1398:Australian War Memorial
1236:Army Corps of Engineers
1039:Pakistani Merchant Navy
1032:British Merchant Navy.
709:. On merchant vessels,
605:Anti-fouling Convention
39:Britain's Merchant Navy
1661:"Shipping Fleet: 2012"
1596:"Kings Park Memorials"
1570:The Maritime Executive
1529:S 321, 28 August 1996.
1268:, in other countries.
1213:
1116:Second Polish Republic
1107:
1051:Government of Pakistan
1045:Pakistan Merchant Navy
1014:
998:Great Eastern Shipping
930:
876:Battle of the Atlantic
867:Canadian Merchant Navy
861:Canadian Merchant Navy
855:UK Chamber of Shipping
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42:
1940:What is Merchant Navy
1935:at Wikimedia Commons
1250:and supplies for the
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1165:Swiss Merchant Marine
1155:roll-on/roll-off ship
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921:
914:Greek Merchant Marine
808:
795:British Merchant Navy
781:Australian Red Ensign
719:maritime trade unions
33:
25:Merchant Navy (horse)
1960:Nautical terminology
1907:Ships of 1,000
1882:". Terms similar to
1469:. 3 September 2008.
1204:U.S. Merchant Marine
1098:Polish Merchant Navy
1092:Polish Merchant Navy
1066:Indo-Pak war of 1971
981:Indian Merchant Navy
721:are required by the
530:Vice admiralty court
276:Contract of carriage
79:Corpus Juris Civilis
1608:on 21 February 2017
1369:www.edumaritime.net
1328:Flag of convenience
1147:general cargo ships
1141:(DWT) including 50
1074:Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
947:flag of convenience
908:Greek Merchant Navy
1913:CIA World Factbook
1632:bbc.co.uk/history/
1430:. 9 October 2012.
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847:British government
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139:Maritime transport
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21:Maritime transport
1970:Freight transport
1965:Navies by country
1931:Media related to
1855:"Company Profile"
1830:nzhistory.govt.nz
1792:nzhistory.govt.nz
1670:. HM Government.
1550:Gordon Maitland,
777:Merchant Navy Day
691:
690:
629:Athens Convention
595:MARPOL Convention
546:Hague-Visby Rules
435:Freight forwarder
380:Proof of delivery
235:Maritime security
72:Code of Hammurabi
1977:
1930:
1915:
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1892:and the Spanish
1889:Marine Marchande
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773:Pacific campaign
703:merchant vessels
701:is the fleet of
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240:Letter of marque
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1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1955:Merchant navy
1953:
1952:
1950:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1929:
1914:
1910:
1909:gross tonnage
1904:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1880:merchant navy
1875:
1860:
1856:
1850:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1812:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1774:
1770:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1604:
1597:
1591:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1547:
1540:
1535:
1528:
1523:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1323:Maritime flag
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1308:Affreightment
1306:
1305:
1301:
1300:Oceans portal
1295:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1143:bulk carriers
1140:
1136:
1135:gross tonnage
1132:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1022:
1010:
1001:
999:
994:
992:
988:
978:
976:
975:bulk carriers
972:
968:
964:
961:with a total
960:
956:
950:
948:
944:
940:
936:
928:
924:
920:
915:
904:
894:
892:
888:
884:
879:
877:
873:
868:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
831:
826:
820:
816:
812:
807:
802:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
747:
745:
740:
738:
734:
733:King George V
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:merchant navy
684:
679:
677:
672:
670:
665:
664:
662:
661:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
642:
641:
640:
636:
635:
630:
627:
625:
622:
619:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
584:
581:
580:
578:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
551:Hamburg Rules
549:
547:
544:
543:
542:
541:
537:
536:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
521:
520:
516:
515:
510:
507:
503:
500:
499:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
455:
452:
448:
445:
444:
443:
440:
436:
433:
431:
428:
427:
426:
423:
422:
421:
420:
416:
415:
410:
407:
403:
402:International
400:
399:
398:
395:
391:
388:
387:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
364:
361:
360:
359:
356:
354:
351:
347:
346:
342:
340:
337:
336:
335:
332:
330:
329:Force majeure
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
289:Affreightment
287:
286:
285:
284:
281:
277:
274:
273:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
236:
233:
229:
226:
224:
223:Seaworthiness
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
200:
198:
195:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
172:
171:
168:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
145:
142:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:Fisheries law
130:
128:
125:
124:
123:
120:
119:
118:
117:
113:
112:
107:
104:
102:
101:Amalfian Laws
99:
97:
96:
92:
88:
87:
83:
82:
81:
80:
75:
73:
70:
69:
68:
67:
63:
62:
58:
54:
53:
50:
49:Admiralty law
47:
46:
40:
36:
32:
26:
22:
1925:
1903:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1874:
1863:. Retrieved
1859:the original
1849:
1838:. Retrieved
1829:
1820:
1811:
1800:. Retrieved
1791:
1769:
1759:September 2,
1757:. Retrieved
1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1691:
1679:. Retrieved
1667:
1640:. Retrieved
1631:
1622:
1610:. Retrieved
1603:the original
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1569:
1559:
1551:
1546:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1522:
1510:. Retrieved
1499:
1475:. Retrieved
1462:
1436:. Retrieved
1427:
1418:
1406:. Retrieved
1397:
1388:
1377:. Retrieved
1368:
1359:
1263:
1256:
1221:
1174:
1128:
1120:World War II
1101:
1082:
1063:
1048:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1016:
995:
986:
984:
967:Lloyd's List
957:in terms of
951:
932:
887:Liberty Ship
880:
870:
827:
824:
769:supply ships
758:
741:
731:
698:
694:
692:
375:Packing list
343:
280:Charterparty
190:Registration
169:
163:Shipbuilding
93:
84:
77:
1733:22 December
1612:7 September
1580:22 February
1512:22 February
1477:22 February
1438:22 February
1408:22 February
1083:Today, the
815:Southampton
765:cargo ships
744:proper name
737:World War I
713:of various
517:Judiciaries
319:Consignment
1949:Categories
1865:2009-08-28
1840:2018-08-12
1802:2018-08-12
1379:2018-04-12
1351:References
1198:Swiss flag
1189:government
1177:landlocked
1139:deadweight
987:SS Loyalty
943:Greek flag
821:, in 2011.
339:Commercial
314:Chartering
228:Total loss
203:Act of God
175:Cargo ship
1194:container
1183:, on the
937:owned by
883:Park Ship
725:to carry
711:seafarers
705:that are
509:Stevedore
487:Principal
482:Consignor
477:Consignee
460:Charterer
345:Pro forma
324:Demurrage
309:Brokerage
260:Smuggling
255:Pollution
213:Collision
1834:Archived
1796:Archived
1753:Archived
1727:Archived
1701:Archived
1672:Archived
1636:Archived
1574:Archived
1506:Archived
1471:Archived
1463:ABC News
1432:Archived
1402:Archived
1373:Archived
1272:See also
1252:military
1112:interwar
1057:and the
849:and the
843:maritime
789:Canberra
576:(UNCLOS)
370:Manifest
363:Maritime
299:Barratry
185:Mortgage
144:Shipping
114:Features
1668:gov.uk/
1634:. BBC.
1266:flagged
1070:Bengali
1064:In the
971:tankers
959:tonnage
470:Manager
454:Carrier
417:Parties
409:Waybill
385:Salvage
353:Laytime
334:Invoice
158:Freight
127:Illegal
122:Fishing
86:Digesta
64:History
1707:3 July
1681:21 May
1642:21 May
1248:troops
1153:, one
1149:, two
1145:, two
1104:Polish
923:Greece
872:Canada
502:Mutiny
497:Seaman
430:Factor
294:Agency
250:Piracy
1675:(PDF)
1664:(PDF)
1606:(PDF)
1599:(PDF)
1185:Rhine
1181:Basel
1021:Pamir
1013:eyes.
945:or a
939:Greek
715:ranks
492:Owner
425:Agent
397:Terms
245:Drugs
208:Cargo
153:Cargo
148:Ferry
1761:2019
1735:2015
1709:2016
1683:2014
1644:2014
1614:2016
1582:2022
1514:2022
1479:2022
1440:2022
1410:2022
1244:navy
1232:NOAA
973:and
763:and
358:Lien
991:DWT
963:DWT
839:DWT
813:in
787:in
697:or
390:Law
1951::
1832:.
1828:.
1794:.
1790:.
1779:^
1751:.
1699:.
1666:.
1652:^
1630:.
1572:.
1568:.
1498:.
1487:^
1465:.
1461:.
1448:^
1426:.
1396:.
1371:.
1367:.
1254:.
1238:,
1234:,
1230:,
1200:.
1161:.
1126:.
1106::
1061:.
1024:.
977:.
949:.
857:.
835:GT
729:.
693:A
1898:.
1868:.
1843:.
1805:.
1763:.
1737:.
1711:.
1685:.
1646:.
1616:.
1584:.
1516:.
1481:.
1442:.
1412:.
1382:.
682:e
675:t
668:v
278:/
146:/
27:.
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