246:
253:
Mediouna II), 23 (Theniet bou
Mediouna I), 22 (Theniet el Mzab), 21 (Daïet Geklil), 16 (Oued Mergueb), 20 (Djebel Doum), 19 (Safiet el Baroud), 18 (Morhoma), 33 (Oued Remeila), 34 (Rocher des Pigeons "Pigeon Rock"), 41 (Oued Cheguieg), 17 (Oued el Hesbaïa), 42 (Ntsila). Three stations are in addition mentioned to the east of Djelfa: no 1 (Feidjet Elleben), 2 (Sidi Abdallah ben Ahmed), 3 (Argoub Ezzemla). Three other sites are found to the west: n° 37 (Chouchet Esnober), 36 (Koreiker), 35 (El Idrissia).
211:(CRAPE). For him they could not "be separated archaeologically from those of south Oran, because they show with some variations the same style, the same technical formulae, the same patinations and the same fauna"(p. 194). It may therefore be possible to analyse them making use of the hypotheses and the classification which he developed. The engravings of the Djelfa region appeared to him like "foreign works, which are a copying (always of inferior quality) from those of south
22:
438:
383:
294:
119:
426:) and sub-naturalistic ones (Bou Sekkin), the others dating from the pastoral era. Their horns are similarly closed into a ring and they sometimes wear devices in segments of a circle, or of textile, which are perhaps means of carrying things (Hadjra Sidi Boubakeur, Teniet el Mzab, Hadjra Mohkotma, Ben Hadid, Bou Sekkin, Safiet bou Khenan and Oued Mergueb).
309:
l'Autruche (buffalo of 1.50 meters surmounted by a hollowed disc), Djebel Doum (buffalo of 2.35 meters of which the left horn supports a "lengthened semi-circular attribute"), Safiet el Baroud, Hadjra
Mokhotma north (buffalo of 2.63 meters, where a human figure seems to touch the horns), Kheneg Hilal (buffalo of 1.20 m.) and Ben Hallouane.
398:
It is in this group that some of the most famous masterpieces of the region are found, such as the Ram of Aïn Naga, about twice natural size, found by Father F. de
Villaret and published by the Djelfa Syndicate of Initiative. The animal, which wears a spheroid framed by feathers, a cheek pendant and
365:
Thus they explain the images of men under animal skins, the wearing of false tails and phallic protections, masks, the presence of ithyphallic depictions and of men touching animals (buffalo, antelopes and elephants at Hadjra
Mokhotma north, Theniet bou Mediouna II and Bou Sekkin). Among the weapons
327:
Nine representations of
Hartebeest antelopes (Bubalis alcelaphus boselaphus) are in naturalistic style. The most famous is that of Zaccar, devoured by a lion (1.50 m in length). A similar scene is found at Daïet el Hamra. At Hadjra Mokhotma north, the animal is confined within a circular trap. Other
252:
Around the road from Djelfa to
Laghouat (just south of Sidi Makhlouf) twenty-three stations are shown: no 28 (Zaccar), 38 (Ishak), 39 (Oued el Youhi), 40 (Guelt el Bidha), 30 (Hadjra Sidi Boubakeur), 31 (Sreissir), 32 (Ben Hallouane), 27 (El Gour), 26 (Ben Hadid), 25 (Kheneg Hilal), 24 (Theniet bou
192:
were discovered in 1907, and
Flamand described in 1914 the station of Daïet es Stel. In the mid-1960s the active Djelfa Council of Initiatives undertook to record engravings and paintings, and Father F. de Villaret, who accompanied the visitors, thus made known works from some twenty new stations,
272:
Recognizing that the engravings of the Djelfa region are "similar to those of south Oran by subject and technique", P. Huard and L. Allard judge however that they have a rich cultural content of their own which, notably, show the ancient buffalo as bearers of attributes of the heads, and the fact
256:
Around the road from Djelfa to
Messaad (by Moudjbara) twelve stations follow roughly from north to south: no 29 (Saouiet), 4 (Aïn Mouilha), 5 (Daïet es Stel), 6 (Hadjra Mokhotma north), 7 (Hadjara Mokhotma south), 10 (Safiet Bou Khenan), 9 (Station de l'Autruche "Ostrich"), 8 (Daïet el Hamra), 11
339:
Eighteen in number, the lions represented can be classed into three groups: "naturalistic lions in profile, three times shown in hunting scenes" (Oued el Hesbaïa, Zaccar, Daïet el Hamra, Hadjara
Mokhotma north, Oued Remeilia), "fairly large lions with the stylized head facing and the body in
308:
Of the seventeen buffalo recorded in the region, twelve belong to the large, naturalistic art and are similar to those of the south-Oranian. They are found at Oued el Hesbaïa (frieze of three buffalo, including one of more than two meters), Aïn Naga (two buffalo in procession), at
Station de
462:, (as in south Oran at Khreloua), a hairdo or a headpiece with a tuft of hair falling forwards and with three swathes falling over the neck (a detail which one sees again at Aïn Naga and in south Oran) while the woman shows a carefully maintained hair arrangement, held behind with a clip.
390:
Several antelopes and cattle carry signs of human appropriation, especially collars. But it is above all about thirty representations of rams which belong rather to the world of shepherds than of hunters, stretching "through a long period going all the way forward to an advanced stage of
215:", (p. 193), a region which for the author was "the principal centre of the rock art of the pre-Saharan regions." Some belong to the earliest stage of the large-scale Hartebeest school, like "The Apollo of Ouled Naïl", others are more recent or indeed (stylistically) more decadent.
340:
profile", "weaker in style and carving method", "late by comparison with the south-Oran prototypes" (Djebel Doum, Kheneg Hilal, Hadjra Mokhotma south), and thirdly the "smaller felines, lightly drawn and generally late", "of mediocre style and carving method"(pp. 81–85).
328:
antelope have been engraved at Safiet el Baroud, Theniet el Mzab and Feidjet Elleben. Otherwise there are numerous antelope-type creatures, often much stylized and in small-scale, like those of Sidi Abdallah ben Ahmed and Safiet bou Khenan, related to the style called
273:
that almost all the ovines (sheep) are endowed with classic spheroids or horns enclosed in a ring, which are a later stylization of the motif"(p. 67). According to these authors "The introduction in the most ancient stage of the south-Oranian of rams with
264:
of which can become nearly black, which run along the djebels or stand at the edges of the oueds." They are "by-and-large arranged in little separate groups", the monumental friezes or very richly decorated murals like those of Oued el Hesbaïa or
226:
The authors therein recorded forty-three numbered sites or stations which are with some exceptions located near the interior or at the edges of a triangle formed on the north by the town of Djelfa, on the south-west by the village of
429:
The "pastoral scenes" often associating men and animals are found at Hadjra Sidi Boubakeur, Hadjra Mohkotma sud, Aïn Mouilha (men with "bandes molletières"), Morhoma, Daïet es Stel and Zaccar. Other humanly-signifying depictions,
312:
Large, medium or small, the twenty-two elephants seem to belong to various ages. The largest (1 to 2 m), naturalistic in style, are found at Aïn Naga, Theniet bou Mediouna I, Oued Remeilia, Aïn Mouilha, Oued el Hesbaïa (where the
366:
they record bows, long and curved weapons, clubs, a hatchet and a shield. Several traps are depicted as well as the hands. Thus, "all the cultural traits of hunters are attested in the Djelfa region, apart from the lasso and the
277:
can hardly tally with the south-Algerian material, where the most accomplished depictions are often associated with men in developed costume, whereas others, associated with cattle, are clearly of a pastoral epoch" (p. 71).
410:
Of the other ovines (sc. sheep), sometimes wearing collars, show their horns enclosed in a ring or by discs (only four depictions show only a collar, or appear without attributes). At Hadjra Sidi Boubakeur a group composed of a
285:." Deducing that these evidences "show that in the two sectors, its origin must certainly be more ancient", Huard and Allard prefer to speak "of a pastoral stage of long duration, with cows and sheep"(p. 71).
445:
At Theniet el Mzab there is also found the famous engraving of a man with three-segmented hair style and square shirt-front, and at Aïn Naga that of the "timid lovers" in which the man carries an object like a
415:, a ewe and a large bull denotes "a well established domestication" (p. 106). Other rams can be seen at Khenneg Hilal, Oued el Hesbaïa, Safiet bou Khenan, Theniet el Mzab, Hadjra Mokhotma and
281:
What is more "The 'bovidian' stage, which would come only in the fourth place in the sequence of the south-Oranian, where it shows a 'decadent' character, is much more developed in the south
350:
The human depictions are forty in number notably at Oued el Hesbaïa, El Gour, Theniet bou Mediouna II, Aïn Naga, Daïet es Stel, Oued Remeilia, Safiet bou Khenan, Hadjra Mokhotma south and
324:
Seven rhinoceros, of lesser quality and often decadent in style, are recorded at five stations, at Oued Remeila (the oldest), Feidjet Elleben, Bou Sekkin, Aïn Naga, and Oued el Hesbaïa.
260:
The engravings are located near dwelling sites, shown by the presence of worked flints and debitage, "stratified in various levels or at the foot of cliffs of reddish sandstone, the
753:
354:. Authors attribute to them the model of the "twenty-five characteristic traits of physical or psychic valour of the hunter culture" which they have identified "in the
257:(Bou Sekkin), 12 (Aïn Naga), 13(Atef el Ghorab), 14 (Oued Tamdit). To the east of Messad two final stations are named: no 43 (Oued el Bouir) and 15 (Amoura).
2906:
343:
The ostriches, fairly numerous, are (with the exception of the representations at Safiet bou Khenan and at Oued el Hesbaïa) "generally of a poor quality."
717:
Grébénart D., Aïn-Naga. Capsien et Néolithique des environs de Messad (département de Médéa), dans "Lybica", XVII, CRAPE, Alger, 1969 (pp. 135–197).
2419:
696:
Flamand, G.B.M., Deux stations nouvelles de pierres écrites découvertes dans le Cercle de Djelfa, in "L'Anthropologie", XXV, 1914 (pp. 433–458).
1058:
2816:
2557:
2153:
708:
Tixier, L., Gravures rupestres de Bou Saâda (Algérie), in "Bull. Soc. royale belge d'études géol. et archéol.", XVII, 1958-1960 (pp. 21–27).
218:
Regretting "the misreading of the importance of the south Algerian rock art" in the work of Lhote, P. Huard and L. Allard published in 1976 in
39:
472:
are located at Djebel Doum, at the Zaccar south site (several archers, a possibly human figure and tortoises) and at Hadjra Mokhotma south.
86:
2772:
2281:
58:
351:
735:
François de Villaret, Siècles de steppe, Jalons pour l'histoire de Djelfa, Centre de Documentation Saharienne, Ghardaia (Algérie), 1995.
2604:
2055:
760:
65:
188:
Some of the engravings of the Djelfa region seem to have been known since the 1850s (El Idrissia). Among the best-known, those of
72:
711:
Lethielleux J., Vestiges préhistoriques et protohistoriques de la région de Djelfa, dans "Lybica", XII, CRAPE, Algiers, 1965.
239:
1051:
705:
Bellin, P., L'art rupestre des Ouled Naïl, in "Bull. Sté préhist. franç.", LIV, fas. 5-6, mai-juin 1957 (pp. 299–330).
54:
818:
391:
domestication" (p. 97). Eight among them are rams with spheroids, of which five are associated with human figures (
347:, in a group of three, are on the other hand rare, limited to the stations of El Idrissia (a lost group) and Sreissir.
2182:
1088:
683:
Centre de recherches anthropologiques, préhistoriques et ethnographiques, Algiers, vol XXIV, 1976 (pp. 67–124) .
105:
2389:
2276:
785:
726:
Huard P. et Leclant, Recherches sur la culture des chasseurs anciens du Nil et du Sahara, CRAPE, Algiers, 1977 (?).
646:
Edited at Algiers by Mouloud Mammeri (Arts et Métiers graphiques, Paris, 210 pages and photographic reproductions).
153:
2950:
2801:
2192:
1230:
1044:
823:
720:
Syndicat d'Initiative de Djelfa, Dans les monts Ouled Naïl, in "El Djezaïr, n° 13, Alger, 1970 (pp. 42–48).
828:
597:
43:
2414:
1944:
1204:
1272:
2409:
1949:
1422:
587:. In the valleys, perennially flowing rivers teemed with fish and were bordered by seed-bearing grasslands.
434:
images and women displaying, are found at Safiet bou Khenan, Theniet bou, Mediouna II, and Daïet el Hamra.
79:
1098:
1375:
714:
Lefebvre G., La station rupestre de Daïet es Stel, in "Lybica, tome XV, CRAPE, Alger, 1967 (pp. 207-213).
317:
panel", an accumulation of depictions superimposed through the centuries, shows six), Safiet Bou Khenan,
2677:
2478:
2945:
2483:
2298:
746:
495:
North Africa enjoyed a fertile climate during the subpluvial era; what is now the Sahara supported a
2955:
2672:
1764:
1309:
663:
1836:
1831:
723:
Camps, G., Les Civilisations préhistoriques de l'Afrique du Nord et du Sahara, Paris, Douin, 1974.
2789:
2699:
1871:
1638:
1457:
1390:
1122:
939:
32:
2877:
2751:
2357:
2248:
2236:
1932:
1673:
1512:
1149:
1083:
1067:
465:
One also finds among the engravings of the Djelfa region hounds and horses of various epochs.
245:
2616:
2552:
2426:
2119:
2045:
1819:
1814:
1752:
1691:
1628:
1576:
1569:
1115:
607:
2001:
2882:
2833:
2828:
2811:
2806:
2784:
2574:
2288:
2141:
2033:
1937:
1730:
1415:
1214:
1157:
301:
In the stage of Hunters the authors gather the depictions of the large wild fauna: ancient
177:
1385:
8:
2872:
2537:
2342:
2175:
1708:
1581:
1462:
1437:
929:
134:
2960:
2823:
2726:
2628:
2441:
1623:
1353:
1319:
850:
805:
157:
2865:
2855:
2845:
2794:
2451:
2369:
1663:
1648:
1633:
1613:
1504:
1483:
1294:
1137:
729:
2860:
2767:
2510:
2293:
2093:
2013:
1969:
1769:
1591:
1442:
1402:
971:
924:
868:
769:
209:
Mémoires du Centre de recherches anthropologiques préhistoriques et ethnographiques
146:
2352:
2308:
572:
2741:
2711:
2473:
2401:
2379:
2337:
2232:
2202:
2067:
2062:
1713:
1596:
1167:
934:
873:
539:, the mountaintops, today bare rock, were covered at this period with forests of
480:
476:
302:
149:
2850:
2777:
2599:
2564:
2495:
2384:
2256:
1964:
1549:
1539:
1360:
1341:
1025:
998:
919:
878:
564:
2939:
2921:
2908:
2736:
2721:
2667:
2645:
2542:
2530:
2446:
2315:
2197:
2158:
2146:
2134:
1846:
1757:
1686:
1427:
1370:
1348:
1257:
1189:
1184:
1162:
990:
883:
813:
699:
Flamand, G.B.M., Les Pierres écrites, Paris, Masson, 1921 (pp. 314–318).
655:
524:
512:
469:
228:
169:
1277:
681:
Les Figurations rupestres de la région de Djelfa, Sud Algérois, dans Lybica,
305:(or Hartebeest), elephants, rhinoceros, lions, ostriches and human figures.
2655:
2611:
2592:
2547:
2347:
2271:
2028:
2023:
1979:
1606:
1488:
1452:
1432:
1284:
1262:
1174:
966:
627:
548:
2704:
197:. In total more than 1,162 engravings have been discovered in the region.
2694:
2684:
2640:
2635:
2587:
2525:
2488:
2461:
2362:
2332:
2207:
2129:
2050:
2038:
1799:
1784:
1774:
1745:
1703:
1618:
1586:
1534:
1467:
1304:
1179:
1036:
617:
584:
559:. The lower slopes, together with those of the supporting bastions — the
431:
200:
141:) consists of prehistoric cave paintings and petroglyphs dating from the
416:
392:
266:
194:
2838:
2731:
2689:
2505:
2468:
2431:
2327:
1914:
1826:
1653:
1554:
1527:
1447:
1245:
1199:
1110:
1078:
981:
961:
911:
901:
487:
by D. Grébénart at Aïn Naga and dated to 5500 B.C., plus or minus 220.
400:
2746:
2515:
2500:
2098:
2083:
2008:
1991:
1909:
1794:
1735:
1725:
1720:
1643:
1522:
1410:
1336:
1103:
1093:
602:
165:
161:
142:
122:
21:
2520:
2456:
2303:
2261:
1996:
1904:
1779:
1601:
1564:
1544:
795:
738:
612:
500:
422:
The rock art of the Djelfa region shows large naturalistic cattle (
314:
274:
173:
2582:
2374:
2320:
2266:
2088:
1894:
1804:
1658:
1559:
1517:
1380:
1299:
1252:
1240:
1003:
842:
777:
732:, Trésors de l'Atlas, Alger, Entreprise nationale du Livre, 1986.
622:
580:
560:
532:
504:
496:
447:
371:
282:
232:
138:
403:
with buttons, wearing bracelets, whose hair-do falls across the
2650:
2187:
2165:
2018:
1954:
1899:
1289:
1267:
1235:
1209:
702:
Vaufrey, R., L'Art rupestre nord-africain, Paris, Masson, 1939.
568:
544:
536:
528:
520:
455:
451:
423:
359:
318:
261:
224:
Les figurations rupestres de la région de Djelfa, Sud Algérois.
189:
130:
660:
The African Experience: From Olduvai Gorge to the 21st Century
507:, and other grassland and woodland animals now typical of the
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2436:
2170:
2124:
1986:
1841:
1789:
1365:
1331:
953:
893:
860:
576:
552:
508:
459:
412:
344:
692:(Publications treating the engraved rock figures of Djelfa)
437:
382:
370:(?bolas), which are by compensation strongly represented at
293:
118:
2662:
2623:
2103:
1959:
1889:
1809:
1681:
1194:
1017:
404:
355:
333:
212:
1974:
1740:
1698:
556:
540:
145:
age which have been recognized since 1914. Following the
490:
804:
511:
region south of the desert. Historian and Africanist
399:
a collar with chevrons, is led by a man dressed in a
176:
have also been described further to the east, in the
172:and Tiaret), to which they are related. Comparable
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
207:, which he published in 1970 in the series of the
2937:
377:
288:
203:referred to these engravings in his major work,
441:Aïn Naga, engraving called "The timid lovers".
183:
1052:
754:
395:, Daïet es Stel, Oued el Hesbaïa, Saouiet).
662:(Series: History of Civilization), London:
152:they follow on from those, to the west, of
1066:
1059:
1045:
761:
747:
374:in the Oued Djerat sector."(p. 93).
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
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292:
244:
117:
222:(CRAPE, Algiers) an important study on
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491:The probable ancient regional ecology
231:and on the south-east by the town of
205:Les Gravures rupestres du Sud-oranais
193:notably those of Oued el Hesbaïa and
2231:
768:
515:has described the scene as follows:
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
13:
321:, Feidjet Elleben and Bou Sekkin.
241:The region of Djelfa on Wikimapia.
14:
2972:
2183:Megalithic architectural elements
1870:
20:
2802:Evolutionary origin of religion
824:Rock art of Iheren and Tahilahi
687:
55:"Rock art of the Djelfa region"
31:needs additional citations for
829:Rock engravings of Oued Djerat
649:
640:
598:Rock engravings of Oued Djerat
468:In addition, three sites with
407:of his neck in three swathes.
1:
2415:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
1945:British megalith architecture
791:Rock art of the Djelfa region
633:
519:the highlands of the central
378:Early stages of domestication
2410:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
1950:Nordic megalith architecture
7:
591:
184:Localities and descriptions
10:
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2558:British Isles and Brittany
2479:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
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776:
666:, revised edition, pg 39.
499:type of ecosystem, with
2790:Evolutionary musicology
2193:Oldest extant buildings
2120:Archaeological features
1639:Prepared-core technique
679:Huard P. et Allard L.,
575:to the south — carried
475:In 1968, elements of a
362:regions" (p. 85).
2951:Archaeology of Algeria
2752:Unchambered long cairn
2600:Mound Builders culture
1933:Neolithic architecture
1068:Prehistoric technology
786:Rock Art of South Oran
589:
442:
387:
298:
249:
126:
2427:List of Stone Age art
1629:Microblade technology
1577:Langdale axe industry
1175:Ard / plough
608:List of Stone Age art
517:
440:
385:
296:
248:
178:Constantine (Algeria)
121:
2922:34.35028°N 3.26167°E
2834:Prehistoric medicine
2829:Prehistoric counting
2812:Prehistoric religion
2807:Paleolithic religion
2785:Behavioral modernity
2142:Causewayed enclosure
2034:Abri de la Madeleine
1158:Neolithic Revolution
358:area and in various
269:being "exceptions".
129:The rock art of the
40:improve this article
2918: /
2873:Prehistoric warfare
1619:Magdalenian culture
1582:Levallois technique
1513:Earliest toolmaking
930:Magharet el Kantara
819:la Vache qui pleure
289:The "Hunters" Stage
2824:Origin of language
2817:Spiritual drug use
2727:Rectangular dolmen
2629:Dartmoor kistvaens
2442:Carved stone balls
2154:Circular enclosure
2113:Other architecture
2056:Alp pile dwellings
1644:Solutrean industry
1555:Gravettian culture
1205:Secondary products
851:Rock art of Figuig
527:,... in the great
443:
388:
299:
250:
127:
2927:34.35028; 3.26167
2901:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2846:Prehistoric music
2795:music archaeology
2452:Cup and ring mark
2277:Clothing/textiles
2222:
2221:
2218:
2217:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1664:Yubetsu technique
1649:Striking platform
1614:Lithic technology
1499:
1498:
1484:Game drive system
1403:Projectile points
1295:Mortar and pestle
1034:
1033:
1012:
1011:
948:
947:
837:
836:
730:Aumassip, Ginette
479:belonging to the
332:, found in south-
330:the Tazina School
116:
115:
108:
90:
2968:
2946:Saharan rock art
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2861:Divje Babe flute
2768:Archaeoastronomy
2511:Petrosomatoglyph
2245:
2244:
2228:
2227:
2077:Water management
1880:
1879:
1867:
1866:
1770:Denticulate tool
1592:Lithic reduction
1325:
1324:
1146:
1145:
1133:
1132:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1038:
1037:
987:
986:
972:Gabal El Uweinat
925:Cave of Swimmers
908:
907:
869:Acacus Mountains
802:
801:
770:Saharan rock art
763:
756:
749:
740:
739:
667:
653:
647:
644:
483:were discovered
297:Oued el Hesbaïa.
156:(the regions of
135:Ouled Naïl Range
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2956:Prehistoric art
2936:
2935:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2889:
2756:
2742:Stone box grave
2712:Megalithic tomb
2617:Cotswold-Severn
2569:
2474:Guardian stones
2402:Prehistoric art
2396:
2239:
2214:
2203:Timber trackway
2108:
2072:
2068:Wattle and daub
1921:
1900:Standing stones
1874:
1853:
1668:
1495:
1472:
1397:
1314:
1224:Food processing
1219:
1168:New World crops
1140:
1127:
1070:
1065:
1035:
1030:
1008:
976:
944:
935:Cave of Archers
906:
888:
874:Wadi Mathendous
855:
833:
806:Tassili n'Ajjer
800:
772:
767:
690:
676:
671:
670:
654:
650:
645:
641:
636:
594:
493:
477:lithic industry
380:
291:
186:
150:Atlas Mountains
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
2974:
2964:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2851:Alligator drum
2843:
2842:
2841:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2778:lunar calendar
2775:
2764:
2762:
2761:Other cultural
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2565:Venus figurine
2562:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2496:Megalithic art
2493:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2454:
2449:
2447:Cave paintings
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2251:
2249:Material goods
2241:
2240:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2168:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2127:
2122:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2048:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2005:
2004:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1972:
1967:
1965:Cliff dwelling
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1876:
1875:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1550:Fire hardening
1547:
1542:
1540:Clovis culture
1537:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1509:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1463:Manis Mastodon
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1342:throwing stick
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1154:
1152:
1142:
1141:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1064:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1026:Ennedi Plateau
1022:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1001:
999:Agrour Amogjar
995:
993:
984:
978:
977:
975:
974:
969:
964:
958:
956:
950:
949:
946:
945:
943:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
920:Cave of Beasts
916:
914:
905:
904:
898:
896:
890:
889:
887:
886:
881:
879:Mesak Settafet
876:
871:
865:
863:
857:
856:
854:
853:
847:
845:
839:
838:
835:
834:
832:
831:
826:
821:
816:
810:
808:
799:
798:
793:
788:
782:
780:
774:
773:
766:
765:
758:
751:
743:
737:
736:
733:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
689:
686:
685:
684:
675:
672:
669:
668:
656:Oliver, Roland
648:
638:
637:
635:
632:
631:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
593:
590:
567:to the north,
492:
489:
470:cave paintings
458:surmounted by
379:
376:
290:
287:
243:
242:
185:
182:
133:region in the
125:art in Djelfa.
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2973:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2934:
2931:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2737:Simple dolmen
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2722:Passage grave
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2668:Gallery grave
2666:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2583:Burial mounds
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:Statue menhir
2541:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2531:Stone carving
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:Sewing needle
2368:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:Timber circle
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2147:Tor enclosure
2145:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2135:fulacht fiadh
2133:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1371:spear-thrower
1369:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1349:Bow and arrow
1347:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1258:Grinding slab
1256:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1190:Domestication
1188:
1186:
1185:Digging stick
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1163:Founder crops
1161:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1104:New Stone Age
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
992:
991:Adrar Plateau
988:
985:
983:
979:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
957:
955:
951:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
915:
913:
909:
903:
900:
899:
897:
895:
891:
885:
884:Uan Muhuggiag
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
866:
864:
862:
858:
852:
849:
848:
846:
844:
840:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
814:Tadrart Rouge
812:
811:
809:
807:
803:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
783:
781:
779:
775:
771:
764:
759:
757:
752:
750:
745:
744:
741:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
694:
693:
682:
678:
677:
665:
664:Phoenix Press
661:
657:
652:
643:
639:
629:
626:
624:
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96:February 2016
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57: –
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51:Find sources:
45:
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35:
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29:This article
27:
23:
18:
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2903:
2678:wedge-shaped
2663:Funeral pyre
2656:Great dolmen
2612:Chamber tomb
2593:Round barrow
2548:Stone circle
2420:Blombos Cave
2348:Grooved ware
2272:Chalcolithic
2176:Thornborough
2094:Flush toilet
2029:Blombos Cave
2024:Rock shelter
1980:Quiggly hole
1872:Architecture
1847:illustration
1489:Buffalo jump
1310:Storage pits
1273:Aşıklı Höyük
1263:Ground stone
1099:Subdivisions
967:Wadi Abu Dom
790:
691:
688:Bibliography
680:
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628:Green Sahara
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38:Please help
33:verification
30:
2925: /
2700:unchambered
2695:Long barrow
2685:Grave goods
2641:Court cairn
2636:Clava cairn
2588:Bowl barrow
2526:Rock cupule
2469:Golden hats
2462:Hill figure
2363:Unstan ware
2343:Cord-marked
2208:Sweet Track
2130:Burnt mound
2051:Stilt house
2039:Sibudu Cave
1832:Tally stick
1800:Quern-stone
1785:Hammerstone
1775:Fire plough
1746:Pesse canoe
1704:Bannerstone
1674:Other tools
1587:Lithic core
1535:Aurignacian
1423:Bare Island
1305:Quern-stone
618:Henri Lhote
585:Aleppo pine
523:beyond the
432:ithyphallic
201:Henri Lhote
2940:Categories
2910:34°21′01″N
2839:trepanning
2732:Ring cairn
2690:Jar burial
2673:transepted
2605:U.S. sites
2506:Petroglyph
2432:Bird stone
2390:wine press
2063:Stone roof
2046:Roundhouse
1938:long house
1915:Stonehenge
1883:Ceremonial
1827:Stone tool
1654:Tool stone
1624:Metallurgy
1528:Mousterian
1505:Toolmaking
1443:Cumberland
1416:Transverse
1386:Schöningen
1278:Qesem cave
1246:Earth oven
1200:Irrigation
1111:Technology
1079:Prehistory
982:Mauritania
962:Sabu-Jaddi
940:Wadi Hamra
912:Gilf Kebir
902:Abu Ballas
634:References
401:loin-cloth
174:engravings
154:south Oran
66:newspapers
2961:Neolithic
2913:3°15′42″E
2883:symbolism
2747:Tor cairn
2705:Grønsalen
2646:Cremation
2538:Sculpture
2516:Pictogram
2501:Petroform
2321:amber use
2289:Cosmetics
2099:Reservoir
2084:Check dam
2014:Pueblitos
2009:Pit-house
1992:Longhouse
1926:Dwellings
1795:Microlith
1726:Bow drill
1721:Bone tool
1714:prismatic
1523:Acheulean
1438:Cresswell
1411:Arrowhead
1337:Boomerang
1253:Granaries
1215:Terracing
1094:Stone Age
603:Neolithic
386:Aïn Naga.
352:Ben Hadid
275:spheroids
166:El Bayadh
162:Ain Sefra
143:Neolithic
123:Neolithic
2521:Rock art
2484:painting
2457:Geoglyph
2282:timeline
2262:Beadwork
2002:Mehrgarh
1997:Mudbrick
1905:megalith
1780:Fire-saw
1602:debitage
1597:analysis
1565:Hand axe
1545:Cupstone
1123:Glossary
1084:Timeline
796:Marhouma
658:(1999),
613:Rock art
592:See also
563:and the
535:and the
501:elephant
417:Aïn Naga
393:Aïn Naga
315:elephant
283:Algerian
267:Aïn Naga
195:Aïn Naga
180:region.
2878:Symbols
2489:pigment
2375:Weaving
2338:Cardium
2333:Pottery
2328:Mirrors
2316:Jewelry
2257:Baskets
2237:culture
2089:Cistern
1895:Pyramid
1837:Weapons
1815:Scraper
1805:Racloir
1765:Cleaver
1753:Chopper
1659:Uniface
1570:Grooves
1560:Hafting
1518:Oldowan
1477:Systems
1428:Cascade
1391:woomera
1381:harpoon
1354:history
1320:Hunting
1300:Pottery
1241:Cooking
1150:Farming
1116:history
1089:Outline
1004:Amazmaz
843:Morocco
778:Algeria
674:Sources
623:Tassili
581:juniper
561:Tassili
533:Tibesti
531:of the
529:massifs
505:giraffe
497:savanna
485:in situ
481:Capsian
448:haricot
372:Tassili
368:spirale
360:Saharan
303:buffalo
233:Messaad
147:Saharan
139:Algeria
80:scholar
2856:flutes
2651:Dolmen
2575:Burial
2385:winery
2358:Linear
2188:Midden
2166:Cursus
2159:Goseck
2019:Pueblo
1970:Dugout
1955:Burdei
1634:Mining
1458:Lamoka
1453:Folsom
1433:Clovis
1290:Metate
1268:Hearth
1236:Basket
1210:Sickle
569:Ennedi
565:Acacus
545:walnut
537:Hoggar
521:Sahara
460:arrows
456:quiver
452:shield
424:Zaccar
319:Zaccar
262:patina
220:Lybica
190:Zaccar
170:Afalou
158:Figuig
131:Djelfa
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
2773:sites
2717:Mummy
2437:Cairn
2353:Jōmon
2304:shoes
2299:Hides
2171:Henge
2125:Broch
1987:Jacal
1842:Wheel
1790:Knife
1736:Canoe
1731:Burin
1709:Blade
1607:flake
1468:Plano
1376:baton
1366:Spear
1332:Arrow
1285:Manos
1138:Tools
954:Sudan
894:Egypt
861:Libya
577:olive
553:alder
509:Sahel
345:boars
87:JSTOR
73:books
2866:gudi
2624:Cist
2553:list
2380:Wine
2309:Ötzi
2294:Glue
2267:Beds
2235:and
2233:Arts
2104:Well
1960:Cave
1890:Kiva
1820:side
1810:Rope
1758:tool
1692:bone
1682:Adze
1448:Eden
1361:Nets
1231:Fire
1195:Goad
1180:Celt
1018:Chad
583:and
571:and
555:and
549:lime
543:and
405:nape
356:Nile
334:Oran
213:Oran
59:news
1975:Hut
1910:row
1741:Oar
1699:Axe
1687:Awl
573:Air
557:elm
541:oak
454:or
413:ram
42:by
2942::
579:,
551:,
547:,
503:,
450:,
419:.
336:.
235:.
168:,
164:,
160:,
1060:e
1053:t
1046:v
762:e
755:t
748:v
313:"
137:(
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103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
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