282:." Iosif Lazaridis et al. (2018) also argued that an Iberomaurusian/Taforalt-like population contributed to the genetic composition of Natufians "and not the other way around", and that this Iberomaurusian/Taforalt lineage also contributed around 13% ancestry to modern West Africans "rather than Taforalt having ancestry from an unknown Sub-Saharan African source". Fregel (2021) summarized: "More evidence will be needed to determine the specific origin of the North African Upper Paleolithic populations."
743:
and a sub-Saharan
African component. They also argue that it is the Taforalt people who contributed to the genetic composition of Natufians and not the other way around. More evidence will be needed to determine the specific origin of the North African Upper Paleolithic populations, but the presence of an ancestral U6 lineage in the Dzudzuana people is consistent with this population being related to the back migration to Africa.
20:
779:
of our model is that it allows for a local North
African component in the ancestry of Taforalt, rather than deriving them exclusively from Levantine and Sub-Saharan sources. ... and Taforalt, can all be modeled as a mixture of Dzudzuana and additional 'Deep' ancestry that may represent an even earlier split than the Basal Eurasians.
778:
Moreover, our model predicts that West
Africans (represented by Yoruba) had 12.5±1.1% ancestry from a Taforalt related group rather than Taforalt having ancestry from an unknown Sub-Saharan African source; this may have mediated the limited Neanderthal admixture present in West Africans. An advantage
742:
However, a preprint from
Lazaridis et al. (2018) has contested this conclusion based on new evidence from Paleolithic samples from the Dzudzuana site in Georgia (25,000 years BCE). When these samples are considered in the analysis, Taforalt can be better modeled as a mixture of a Dzudzuana component
349:
Blench (2019) states: "The linguistic affiliation of the North
African forager populations who came south is difficult to establish as they probably represented a language phylum or phyla now vanished…These populations are called ‘Paleoberber’ in the literature, but there is no evidence they spoke a
861:
D’Atanasio, Eugenia; Risi, Flavia; Ravasini, Francesco; Montinaro, Francesco; Hajiesmaeil, Mogge; Bonucci, Biancamaria; Pistacchia, Letizia; Amoako-Sakyi, Daniel; Bonito, Maria; Onidi, Sara; Colombo, Giulia; Semino, Ornella; Destro Bisol, Giovanni; Anagnostou, Paolo; Metspalu, Mait (December 18,
755:
Lazaridis, Iosif; Belfer-Cohen, Anna; Mallick, Swapan; Patterson, Nick; Cheronet, Olivia; Rohland, Nadin; Bar-Oz, Guy; Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Jakeli, Nino; Kvavadze, Eliso; Lordkipanidze, David; Matzkevich, Zinovi; Meshveliani, Tengiz; Culleton, Brendan J.; Kennett, Douglas J. (21 September 2018).
245:-speaking populations in Africa. A two-way admixture scenario using Natufian and modern sub-Saharan samples (including West African and East African samples) as reference populations inferred that the seven Taforalt individuals are modeled genetically as of 63.5% West Eurasian (
370:
would also have been ONA. But the completeness with which Berber eliminated ONA means little can be said about it. The Berber roots which are not of
Afroasiatic origin may reflect these languages, or simply the long period of differentiation from the mainstream of the
253:
culture of
Paleolithic southern Europe. The scientists indicated that further ancient DNA testing at other Iberomaurusian archaeological sites would be necessary to determine whether the Taforalt samples were representative of the broader Iberomaurusian gene pool. The
258:
DNA in
Taforalt individuals was not found to have a good proxy in any present-day or ancient Holocene African groups. Jeong (2020) indicated that the Sub-Saharan African DNA of the Taforalt population has similarity with the remnant of a more
292:
derive around 30% of their ancestry from this ancient
Saharan population, which was "modeled as a sister group of ancient Northern Africans, or alternatively, as an outgroup of all the “Eurasian-ancestry” enriched groups".
337:
and
Terminal Pleistocene (c. 20,000–12,000 BP)…In essence, a ‘Niger-Saharan’ model, from an archaeological perspective, would progress as follows. Proto-Niger-Saharan speakers may be represented by the
354:…Prior to the expansion of Berber and then Arabic, unknown but distinct languages would have been spoken in both the Sahara and along the North African coast…these languages can be referred to as ‘
346:(c. 20,000 BP). Language diversification would have accelerated when populations began to expand into the Sahara from North African refugia at the beginning of the Holocene (12,000–10,000 BP)."
288:
D’Atanasio et al. (2023) found that Iberomaurusian-like ancestry was characterizing for the unsampled "ancient Green Saharan" population about 12,000-5,000 years ago, and that modern-day
278:
sample, can be better modeled as an admixture between a Dzudzuana-like component and an "Ancient North African" component, "that may represent an even earlier split than the
550:
Kefi, Rym; et al. (2016). "On the origin of Iberomaurusians: new data based on ancient mitochondrial DNA and phylogenetic analysis of Afalou and Taforalt populations".
270:
Iosif Lazaridis et al. (2018), as summarized by Rosa Fregel (2021), contested the conclusion of Loosdrecht (2018) and argued instead that the Iberomaurusian population of
249:-related) and 36.5% "sub-Saharan" African ancestry (with the latter having both West African-like and East African-like affinities), with no apparent gene flow from the
201:. The fossils were directly dated to between 15,100 and 13,900 calibrated years before present. The scientists found that all males belonged to haplogroup
469:
305:, the seemingly unified physical type of those dwelling in North African refugia (i.e. Mechtoids) and their eventual cultural assimilation of
366:. Archaeologically, these must be identified with the Capsian and its predecessors, although the languages spoken in the first period of the
100:" and resembled late Pleistocene Europeans, while Afalou was more intermediate in traits. In contrast to both, the Sudanese remains from
358:’ (ONA) with no presuppositions as to their genetic affiliation(s). It is possible they were related to the former languages of the
285:
Martiniano et al. (2022) later reassigned all the Taforalt samples to haplogroup E-M78 and none to E-L618, the predecessor to EV13.
205:, common among Afroasiatic males. The male specimens with sufficient nuclear DNA preservation belonged to the paternal haplogroup
1023:
333:
macro-phylum hypothesis (Blench, Volume III and 1995c), a sort of unity for Niger-Saharan speakers would seem likely during the
991:
735:
692:
1053:
938:
418:
271:
1043:
375:
111:
A craniometric analysis by Sereno et al. (2008) indicates that Iberomaurusians were closely related to the early
672:
217:
and the E1b1b1b (M123) subhaplogroup that has been observed in skeletal remains belonging to the Epipaleolithic
1048:
367:
306:
435:
189:
Loosdrecht et al. (2018) analysed genome-wide data from seven ancient individuals from the Iberomaurusian
209:(M78), with one skeleton bearing the E1b1b1a1b1 parent lineage to E-V13, one male specimen belonged to
918:
206:
202:
175:
798:
602:"Pleistocene North African genomes link Near Eastern and sub-Saharan African human populations"
493:"Lakeside Cemeteries in the Sahara: 5000 Years of Holocene Population and Environmental Change"
61:
785:
260:
242:
222:
156:
152:
1018:
813:
725:
613:
504:
238:
234:
183:
179:
160:
148:
144:
140:
24:
491:
Sereno PC, Garcea EAA, Jousse H, Stojanowski CM, Saliège J-F, Maga A, et al. (2008).
8:
363:
255:
919:"Archaeology, language and the peopling of West Africa: a consideration of the evidence"
617:
508:
997:
952:
899:
838:
769:
706:
575:
527:
492:
264:
812:
Martiniano, Rui; De Sanctis, Bianca; Hallast, Pille; Durbin, Richard (February 2022).
1029:
Migration of Mechta-Afalou people (a.k.a. Ouchtatiens), marked light green on the map
1001:
987:
956:
944:
934:
903:
891:
883:
843:
731:
710:
698:
688:
639:
631:
567:
532:
414:
359:
355:
343:
301:
MacDonald (2003) states: "When one considers the African populations of the Terminal
116:
773:
979:
926:
875:
833:
825:
761:
684:
680:
621:
579:
559:
522:
512:
387:
351:
334:
218:
563:
971:
517:
408:
310:
120:
81:
1028:
92:
in studying three Northern African samples from the Pleistocene/Holocene, found
864:"The genomic echoes of the last Green Sahara on the Fulani and Sahelian people"
757:
279:
58:
983:
879:
702:
166:
Iberomaurusian fossils excavated at the Taforalt site were found to carry the
1037:
948:
930:
887:
829:
635:
470:"The terminal Pleistocence and early Holocene populations of northern Africa"
330:
250:
213:(M215*). These Y-DNA clades, 24,000 years BP, had a common ancestor with the
863:
626:
601:
135:
Iberomaurusian fossils excavated at the Afalou site were found to carry the
895:
847:
643:
571:
536:
318:
101:
85:
46:
923:
Archaeology and Language II: Archaeological Data and Linguistic Hypotheses
758:"Paleolithic DNA from the Caucasus reveals core of West Eurasian ancestry"
410:
The Wadi Kubbaniya skeleton: a Late Paleolithic burial from southern Egypt
372:
326:
314:
302:
289:
89:
50:
77:
54:
754:
97:
73:
765:
275:
246:
230:
194:
136:
112:
93:
178:(1/6; 16%). Majority of individuals carried the mtDNA haplogroups
811:
490:
339:
322:
214:
198:
105:
28:
19:
976:
Burials, Migration and Identity in the Ancient Sahara and Beyond
657:
860:
226:
167:
124:
436:"Early Holocene Maghreb prehistory: an evolutionary approach"
210:
171:
72:
Mechtoids are believed to have been assimilated during the
814:"Placing Ancient DNA Sequences into Reference Phylogenies"
727:
Paleogenomics of the Neolithic Transition in North Africa
600:
Loosdrecht, Marieke van de; et al. (15 March 2018).
433:
413:. Southern Methodist University Press. p. 68.
267:lineage shared between Yoruba and Mende peoples).
978:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 449, 455.
407:Wendorf, Fred; Schild, Romuald (1 January 1986).
329:are strongly suggested. Further, in light of the
241:mtDNA haplogroups, which are common among modern
1035:
406:
595:
593:
591:
589:
467:
229:. Maternally, the Taforalt remains bore the
45:, are a population that inhabited parts of
599:
474:Homo: Journal of Comparative Human Biology
972:"The Linguistic Prehistory of the Sahara"
916:
910:
837:
625:
586:
549:
526:
516:
104:included in the study was described as "
18:
543:
1036:
969:
963:
723:
151:(2/9; 22%), H103 (1/9; 11%), H14b1 or
673:"Current Trends in Ancient DNA Study"
670:
342:, Mechtoid refuge populations of the
313:refugia, then language homelands for
263:Sub-Saharan African lineage (e.g., a
664:
468:Groves, Colin; Thorne, Alan (1999).
344:North African littoral and highlands
174:(4/6; 66%), E-L618* (1/6; 16%), and
16:Prehistoric North African population
917:MacDonald, Kevin C. (Sep 2, 2003).
350:language in any way connected with
119:, as well as to the early Holocene
13:
67:
14:
1065:
1012:
724:Fregel, Rosa (17 November 2021).
854:
818:Molecular Biology and Evolution
805:
748:
434:P. Sheppard; D. Lubell (1991).
84:. In 1999, the anthropologists
57:. They are associated with the
970:Blench, Roger (Feb 14, 2019).
717:
685:10.1007/978-981-15-1614-6_10-1
650:
484:
461:
427:
400:
272:Upper Paleolithic North Africa
182:(6/7; 85%), while one carried
1:
925:. Routledge. pp. 49–50.
677:The Handbook of Mummy Studies
564:10.1080/24701394.2016.1258406
393:
80:by the makers of the ensuing
518:10.1371/journal.pone.0002995
7:
679:. Springer. pp. 1–16.
381:
296:
130:
10:
1070:
23:Mechta skull excavated at
1054:Ancient peoples of Africa
984:10.1017/9781108634311.014
880:10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.075
671:Jeong, Choongwon (2020).
931:10.4324/9780203202913-11
552:Mitochondrial DNA Part A
368:Neolithic in the Maghrib
307:contemporary populations
1044:History of North Africa
627:10.1126/science.aar8380
830:10.1093/molbev/msac017
793:Cite journal requires
62:archaeological culture
31:
1049:History of the Sahara
274:, represented by the
223:Pre-Pottery Neolithic
96:was morphologically "
22:
874:(24): 5495–5504.e4.
1019:Antropologia Fisica
618:2018Sci...360..548V
509:2008PLoSO...3.2995S
256:Sub-Saharan African
311:West African coast
265:basal West African
191:Grotte des Pigeons
170:Y-DNA haplogroups
139:mtDNA haplogroups
32:
993:978-1-108-47408-5
737:978-90-04-50022-8
694:978-981-15-1614-6
612:(6388): 548–552.
360:Iberian Peninsula
356:Old North African
197:in north-eastern
117:North West Africa
1061:
1006:
1005:
967:
961:
960:
914:
908:
907:
858:
852:
851:
841:
809:
803:
802:
796:
791:
789:
781:
752:
746:
745:
721:
715:
714:
668:
662:
661:
654:
648:
647:
629:
597:
584:
583:
547:
541:
540:
530:
520:
488:
482:
481:
465:
459:
458:
456:
454:
440:
431:
425:
424:
404:
388:Tenerian culture
225:cultures of the
159:(1/9; 11%), and
115:Capsians of the
49:during the late
37:, also known as
1069:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1034:
1033:
1015:
1010:
1009:
994:
968:
964:
941:
915:
911:
868:Current Biology
859:
855:
810:
806:
794:
792:
783:
782:
753:
749:
738:
722:
718:
695:
669:
665:
656:
655:
651:
598:
587:
548:
544:
489:
485:
466:
462:
452:
450:
438:
432:
428:
421:
405:
401:
396:
384:
299:
280:Basal Eurasians
133:
82:Capsian culture
70:
68:Bioanthropology
17:
12:
11:
5:
1067:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1013:External links
1011:
1008:
1007:
992:
962:
939:
909:
853:
804:
795:|journal=
766:10.1101/423079
747:
736:
716:
693:
663:
649:
585:
558:(1): 147–157.
542:
483:
460:
426:
419:
398:
397:
395:
392:
391:
390:
383:
380:
298:
295:
132:
129:
69:
66:
59:Iberomaurusian
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1066:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1024:Etnia Guanche
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1003:
999:
995:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
966:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
940:9780203202913
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
913:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
857:
849:
845:
840:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
808:
800:
787:
780:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
751:
744:
739:
733:
729:
728:
720:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
667:
659:
658:"E-M35 YTree"
653:
645:
641:
637:
633:
628:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
596:
594:
592:
590:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
546:
538:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
487:
480:(3): 249–262.
479:
475:
471:
464:
448:
444:
437:
430:
422:
420:9780870742163
416:
412:
411:
403:
399:
389:
386:
385:
379:
377:
374:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
352:modern Berber
347:
345:
341:
336:
332:
331:Niger-Saharan
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
294:
291:
286:
283:
281:
277:
273:
268:
266:
262:
257:
252:
251:Epigravettian
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
65:
63:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
35:Mechta-Afalou
30:
26:
21:
975:
965:
922:
912:
871:
867:
856:
821:
817:
807:
786:cite journal
777:
750:
741:
726:
719:
676:
666:
652:
609:
605:
555:
551:
545:
503:(8): e2995.
500:
496:
486:
477:
473:
463:
451:. Retrieved
446:
442:
429:
409:
402:
348:
321:between the
319:Nilo-Saharan
300:
287:
284:
269:
190:
188:
186:(1/7; 14%).
165:
163:(1/9; 11%).
155:(1/9; 11%),
147:(3/9; 33%),
134:
110:
102:Jebel Sahaba
86:Colin Groves
71:
47:North Africa
43:Paleo-Berber
42:
38:
34:
33:
373:Afroasiatic
327:Nile Valley
315:Niger-Congo
303:Pleistocene
290:Fula people
243:Afroasiatic
90:Alan Thorne
51:Paleolithic
25:Constantine
1038:Categories
703:1182512815
394:References
364:Tartessian
362:, such as
309:living in
193:site near
78:Bronze Age
76:and early
55:Mesolithic
1002:197854997
957:163304839
949:815644445
904:265356320
888:0960-9822
730:. Brill.
711:226555687
636:0036-8075
98:Caucasoid
74:Neolithic
896:37995693
848:35084493
774:91380277
644:29545507
572:28034339
537:18701936
497:PLOS ONE
453:4 August
382:See also
325:and the
297:Language
276:Taforalt
247:Natufian
233:markers
231:Eurasian
219:Natufian
207:E1b1b1a1
195:Taforalt
137:Eurasian
131:Genetics
121:Kiffians
113:Holocene
94:Taforalt
39:Mechtoid
862:2023).
839:8857924
614:Bibcode
606:Science
580:4490910
528:2515196
505:Bibcode
376:lexicon
340:Aterian
323:Maghreb
215:Berbers
199:Morocco
168:African
123:of the
106:Negroid
29:Algeria
1000:
990:
955:
947:
937:
902:
894:
886:
846:
836:
772:
734:
709:
701:
691:
642:
634:
578:
570:
535:
525:
449:: 63–9
443:Sahara
417:
227:Levant
172:E-M78*
125:Sahara
88:&
998:S2CID
953:S2CID
900:S2CID
824:(2).
770:S2CID
707:S2CID
576:S2CID
439:(PDF)
338:post-
261:basal
211:E1b1b
203:E1b1b
176:E-M35
157:R0a1a
988:ISBN
945:OCLC
935:ISBN
892:PMID
884:ISSN
844:PMID
799:help
732:ISBN
699:OCLC
689:ISBN
640:PMID
632:ISSN
568:PMID
533:PMID
455:2016
415:ISBN
335:Late
317:and
237:and
221:and
53:and
980:doi
927:doi
876:doi
834:PMC
826:doi
762:doi
681:doi
622:doi
610:360
560:doi
523:PMC
513:doi
378:."
239:M1b
235:U6a
161:T2b
143:or
108:".
41:or
1040::
996:.
986:.
974:.
951:.
943:.
933:.
921:.
898:.
890:.
882:.
872:33
870:.
866:.
842:.
832:.
822:39
820:.
816:.
790::
788:}}
784:{{
776:.
768:.
760:.
740:.
705:.
697:.
687:.
675:.
638:.
630:.
620:.
608:.
604:.
588:^
574:.
566:.
556:29
554:.
531:.
521:.
511:.
499:.
495:.
478:50
476:.
472:.
445:.
441:.
184:M1
180:U6
153:JT
127:.
64:.
27:,
1004:.
982::
959:.
929::
906:.
878::
850:.
828::
801:)
797:(
764::
713:.
683::
660:.
646:.
624::
616::
582:.
562::
539:.
515::
507::
501:3
457:.
447:3
423:.
149:J
145:U
141:H
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
