3479:
30:
3315:
3648:
2378:
3616:
3543:
2970:("ERP") in 1947, receiving US$ 400 million in American support. Given the business background of the Marshall Plan's American leaders, their readiness to work with the Norwegian Labor government's ERP Council disappointed the conservative Norwegian business community. It was represented by the major business organizations, the Norges Industriforbund and the Norsk Arbeidsgiverforening. While reluctant to work with the government, Norwegian business leaders also recognized the dangers of appearing to obstruct the implementation of the Marshall Plan. American acceptance of a role for government in economic planning reflected their
2351:
3531:
3597:
2071:
1512:
2658:
2290:
2817:
resistance within Norway. One long-term impact was the abandonment of a traditional
Scandinavian policy of neutrality; Norway became a founding member of NATO in 1949. Norway at the start of the war had the world's fourth largest merchant fleet, at 4.8 million tons, including a fifth of the world's oil tankers. The Germans captured about 20% of the fleet but the remainder, about 1000 ships, were taken over by the government. Although half the ships were sunk, the earnings paid the expenses of the government.
1634:
873:
2984:
3077:
1894:
2574:
7607:
2186:
1798:
3578:
2128:, monopolies and privileges throughout the county granted to burghers. The lumber industry became important in the 17th century through exports especially to England. To avoid deforestation, a royal decree closed a large number of sawmills in 1688; because this mostly affected farmers with small mills, by the mid 18th century only a handful of merchants controlled the entire lumber industry. Mining increased in the 17th century, the largest being the silver mines in
1216:
99:
2854:
Nazis and mocking their inflated self-image. People on the street asked, "Do you know the difference between the Nazis and a bucket of manure? The bucket." In Post Office lines they explained, "It's rumored that we're getting new stamps bearing
Quisling's likeness, but distribution has been delayed because no one knows which side to spit on." The jokes worked to educate Norwegians about the occupation, and encourage a sense of solidarity. At the time of
2221:
548:
2467:
2370:
the growth came in the cities. The population of
Christiania reached 40,000 in 1855. By 1865 the population reached 1.7 million; the large increase was largely caused by better nutrition from herring and potatoes, a sharp decrease of infant mortality and increased hygiene. Emigration to North America started in 1825, with the first mass emigration commencing in the 1860s. By 1930, 800,000 people had emigrated, the majority settling in the
887:
3478:
901:
859:
915:
486:
1745:
2786:
929:
1433:
3150:
3208:, located to the right of the Conservatives, had its break-through in the late 1980s. The high wages in the oil industry made low-skill manufacturing industries uncompetitive and the Labor Party closed a number of public industrial companies which were receiving large subsidies. The 1980s saw a trebling of people on disability, largely amongst the oldest in the workforce, and the
1736:
gradual process where farmers would borrow money in meagre times, often not being able to repay them. However, tenants always remained free men and the large distances and often scattered ownership meant that
Norwegian farmers enjoyed much more freedom than continental serfs. In the 13th century about twenty percent of a farmer's yield went to the king, church and landowners.
3647:
3542:
3615:
2801:
in 1939, Norway maintained a strict neutrality. Both
Britain and Germany realized the strategic location; both made plans to invade Norway, regardless of Norwegian opposition. The Germans struck first and invaded Norway on 9 April 1940. After furious battles with Norwegian and British forces, Germany
1921:, but it was not popular in Norway, where the Church was the sole remaining national institution and the country was too poor for the clergy to be very corrupt. Initially, Frederick agreed not to try to introduce Protestantism to Norway but in 1529 he changed his mind. Norwegian resistance was led by
3051:
both opened in 1968, one year before a network of regional colleges started being opened. Influenced by
American culture and similar actions abroad, youth and students started to rebel against cultural norms. The 1960s saw an increased focus on environmentalism, especially through activism, based on
2369:
establishing the first trade unions and demanding that equality before the law be independent of social class. Parliament passed a series of laws abandoning economic privileges and easing domestic trade during the 1840s and 1850s. Population increase forced the clearing of new land, although some of
2154:
Throughout the period, Bergen was the largest town in the country; its population of 14,000 in the mid 18th century was twice the size of
Christiania (later Oslo) and Trondheim combined. Eight townships with privileges existed in 1660—by 1800 this had increased to twenty-three. During this period up
1203:
took over from the Fosna culture ca. 7000 BC, when a warmer climate led to increased forestation and new species of mammals for hunting. The oldest human skeleton ever discovered in Norway was found in shallow water off Sogne in 1994 and has been carbon dated to 6600 BC. About 4000 BC people in the
3038:
opened in 1966. A social security net was gradually introduced after the war, with child allowances introduced in 1946 and the Social Care Act introduced in 1964. The 1960s saw good times for heavy industry and Norway became Europe's largest exporter of aluminum and the world's largest exporter of
2853:
was established and was coordinated from London from 1943. Stokker reports that hostile humour against the
Germans helped maintain morale and build a wall against collaboration. Jokes made the rounds dripping with contempt for the oppressors, ridicule of Nazi ideology, stressing the cruelty of the
1985:
The
Norwegian economy improved with the introduction of the water-driven saw in the early 16th century. Norway had huge resources of timber but did not have the means to exploit much of it in the Middle Ages as only hand-tools were available. The new saw mills which sprang up in the fjords changed
1735:
The population increased from 150,000 in 1000 to 400,000 in 1300, resulting both in more land being cleared and the subdivision of farms. While in the Viking Age all farmers owned their own land, by 1300 seventy percent of the land was owned by the king, the church, or the aristocracy. This was a
3199:
reform: taxes were cut, local private radio stations were permitted, cable television was established by private companies, regulations on borrowing money were removed and foreigners were permitted to buy securities. An economic crisis hit in 1986 when foreigners started selling
Norwegian krone,
2816:
The government in exile, including the royal family, escaped to London. Politics were suspended and the government coordinated action with the Allies, retained control of a worldwide diplomatic and consular service, and operated the huge Norwegian merchant marine. It organized and supervised the
1994:
was built on piles from Norway. Tree-felling was done in the winter when farm-work was impossible and it was easy to get the felled trees across the snow to the rivers. In the spring, the logs floated down the rivers to the saw mills by the sea. By the mid-16th century the power of the Hanseatic
2711:
to compensate for too much money having been issued during the war and thus hindering investments. Especially fishermen were hit hard in the period, while farmers retained market prices through organizing regulations. Unemployment peaked at ten percent between 1931 and 1933. Although industrial
2554:
had its first parliamentary members elected in 1903. The women's issue became increasingly dominant through the 1880s and they were gradually permitted to take secondary and tertiary education. Norwegian support of the union decreased towards the end of the 1890s, especially following the 1897
2239:
on 16 February 1814 to discuss his plans. They rejected a new absolute monarchy and advised him instead to convoke a constituent assembly to draw up a liberal constitution and decide the form of government. Representatives from the entire country were elected to meet at Eidsvoll Manor. The 112
1144:
and underwent a period of reconstruction under public planning. Oil was discovered in 1969 and by 1995 Norway was the world's second-largest exporter. This resulted in a large increase of wealth. From the 1980s Norway started deregulation in many sectors, and in 1989–1990 experienced a banking
2482:
Annual parliamentary sessions were introduced from 1869 and in 1872 ministers were, through a constitutional amendment, required to meet in Parliament to defend their policies. The king, despite having no constitutional right to do so, vetoed the amendment in three successive parliaments. The
1949:(III), his younger Catholic brother Hans and the followers of Christian II. Olaf Engelbrektsson again tried to lead a Catholic Norwegian resistance movement. Christian III triumphed and Engelbrektsson went into exile and, in 1537, Christian demoted Norway from an independent kingdom to a
2268:
with Sweden on equal terms, while Sweden accepted the Norwegian Constitution and separate institutions in both states. King Christian Frederik agreed to convoke an extraordinary parliament to revise the Constitution accordingly, and then abdicate. The parliament was convened in
2208:
the following year, but after several Norwegian victories a cease-fire was signed in 1809. After pressure from Norwegian merchants license trade was permitted with corn from Denmark to Eastern Norway in exchange for Norwegian timber export to Great Britain. Following the
6152:
1619:. An ancient well-preserved Viking cemetery for more than 1000 years was discovered using ground-penetrating radar. Archaeologists also revealed at least seven other previously unknown burial mounds and the remnants of five longhouses with the help of the radar survey.
1348:
Iron Age tools allowed for more extensive clearing and farming, and thus more areas were cultivated as the population grew with the increased harvests. A new social structure evolved: when sons married, they would remain in the same house; such an extended family was a
2974:
reformist orientation. The opportunities for mediation between conservative Norwegian business interests and the government that arose in the course of administering the Marshall Plan helped establish a base for the emergence of Norwegian corporatism in the 1950s.
3163:
An immigration surplus was established in the late 1960s, largely from Western Europe and the United States—from the 1970s increasingly expertise in oil. The period also saw an increased immigration of unskilled labor from developing countries, especially
5826:
1719:
was created in 1152 in an attempt to control the appointment of kings. The church inevitably took sides in these conflicts, with the church's influence on the king also becoming an issue in the civil wars. The wars ended in 1217 with the appointment of
6207:
Kyllingstad, Jon Røyne. "The Norwegian Association for Heredity Research and the Organized International Eugenics Movement. Expertise, authority, transnational networks and international organization in Norwegian genetics and eugenics (1919–1934)."
3136:
was not agreed upon until 2010. Between 1973 and 1981 the country was ruled by the Labor Party, who carried out a series of reforms such as new school system. Farmers received increased subsidies and from 1974 women were permitted to inherit farms.
3141:
was legalized in 1978. Loans guaranteed in future oil income allowed Norway to avoid a recession during the mid-1970s. But by 1977 high wages had made Norwegian industry uncompetitive and a soaring forced cut-backs in public and private spending.
1148:
By the 21st century, Norway became one of the world's most prosperous countries with oil and gas production accounting for 20 percent of its economy. By reinvesting its oil revenues, Norway had the world's largest sovereign wealth fund in 2017.
6048:
1781:
spread to Norway and within a year killed nearly two-thirds of the population. Later plagues halved the population by 1400. Many communities were entirely wiped out, resulting in an abundance of land, allowing farmers to switch to more
977:
has been influenced to an extraordinary degree by the terrain and the climate of the region. About 10,000 BC, following the retreat inland of the great ice sheets, the earliest inhabitants migrated north into the territory which is now
3115:
accommodation rig capsized in 1980; these incidents led to a strengthening of petroleum safety regulations. The oil industry not only created jobs in production, but a large number of supply and technology companies were established.
1115:
Industrialization started in the 1840s, and from the 1860s large-scale emigration to North America took place. In 1884 the king appointed Johan Sverdrup as prime minister, thus establishing parliamentarism. The union with Sweden was
2802:
prevailed and controlled the country until the end of the war. The German goal was to use Norway to control access to the North Sea and the Atlantic, and to station air and naval forces to stop convoys from Britain to the USSR.
3003:. Throughout the post-war period both fishing and agriculture became more mechanized, the agricultural subsidies rose to the third-highest in the world and the number of small-scale farms and fishermen fell dramatically. The
2335:, farmers became more conscious of electing themselves, resulting in a majority of farmers in Parliament. This resulted in rural tax cuts and higher import tariffs, shifting the tax burden to the cities. They also passed the
1715:, which allowed all the king's sons to rule jointly by dividing Norway into portions for each to rule. At times there were periods of peace, before a lesser son allied himself with a chieftain and started a new conflict. The
4195:
3023:, sat for six years and started a trend of shifting Labor and Conservative governments. Norwegianization of Samis halted after the war and Sami rights became an increasing issue, with a council being established in 1964.
2305:
The Napoleonic Wars sent Norway into an economic crisis, as nearly all the merchants had gone bankrupt during the blockade. Recovery was difficult because of export tariffs and the country experienced high inflation. The
2555:
Swedish abolition of the free trade agreement and the lack of a Norwegian foreign minister. Negotiations of independence commenced, but were not effective because of shifting governments and the Swedish threat of war.
5212:
2314:
when it was established in 1816, financed through a silver tax which lasted until 1842. Under threat of a coup d'état by Carl Johan, Norway reluctantly paid the debt stated in the Treaty of Kiel, despite never having
2231:, heir to the Danish and Norwegian crowns, had since 1813 been viceroy of Norway. He spearheaded the Norwegian resistance against the Kiel Treaty and planned to claim the throne as the legitimate heir. He traveled to
1393:
hit southern Norway in the 6th century, with hundreds of farms being depopulated. Most were repopulated in the 7th century, which also saw the construction of several fishing hamlets and a boom in trade of iron and
2058:
king of Denmark and Norway in 1661, eliminating the power of the nobles. A new administrative system was introduced. Departments organized by portfolio were established in Copenhagen, while Norway was divided into
3131:
in the 1970s, receiving an area of 2,000,000 square kilometers (770,000 sq mi). A series of border disputes followed; agreements were reached with Denmark and Iceland in the 1990s, but the border in the
1842:
Margaret pursued a centralising policy which inevitably favoured Denmark, because it had a greater population than Norway and Sweden combined. Margaret also granted trade privileges to the Hanseatic merchants of
5818:
2140:
started being salted, which required fishermen to buy salt from merchants. The first important period of Norwegian shipping was between 1690 and 1710, but the advantage was lost with Denmark–Norway entering the
1965:
retained distinct dialects. Professional administration was now needed and power shifted from the pincial nobility to the royal administration: district stipendiary magistrates were appointed as judges and the
1847:
in Bergen in return for recognition of her right to rule, and these hurt the Norwegian economy. The Hanseatic merchants formed a state within a state in Bergen for generations. Even worse were the pirates, the
2108:
living at the mercy of the farmer. There were 48,000 smallholders in 1800. Compared to Denmark, taxes were very low in Norway, typically at four to ten percent of the harvest, although the number of farms per
2150:
contained Norwegians. Norway benefitted from the many European wars of the 18th century. As a neutral power it was able to expand its share of the shipping market. It also supplied timber to foreign navies.
2145:
in 1709. However, Norwegian shipping regained its strength towards the end of the century. Many Norwegians earned a living as sailors in foreign ships, especially Dutch ones. The crews in both sides of the
2613:
became an important resource in this period and the government secured laws to hinder foreigners from controlling waterfalls, mines and forests. Large industrial companies established in these years were
2998:
introduced Norway's first television broadcasts. Norway feared competition from Swedish industry and Danish agriculture and chose not to join any free trade organizations until 1960, when it joined the
2844:
resulted in a brutalization of society and 30,000 people were imprisoned. 55,000 people joined the National Unity Party, which became the only legal party. But the nazification process failed after the
2422:
between Christiania and Eidsvoll opened in 1854, followed a year later by the first telegraph line. Export industry commenced with steam-powered sawmills in the 1860s, followed by canned herring,
1473:, which were brought to the Norwegian farms as a slave workforce. Whenever the men were engaged in warfare and voyages, the homestead was run by those remaining at home, supervised by the wife.
2727:. Although strong during the 1920s, they were marginalized through the 1930s. A short-lived Labor Government reigned in 1928, but did not establish a sound parliamentary support until the 1935
1704:) became the Christian centre of Norway. Within a few years the Danish rule had become sufficiently unpopular that Norway again united under a Norwegian king, Magnus Olavson the Good, in 1035.
1108:
and separate institutions, except for the foreign service. The union was formally established after the extraordinary Storting adopted the necessary amendments to the Constitution and elected
6233:
4164:
6200:
Kvam, Vegard. "Compulsory school attendance as a child welfare initiative: the socio-political function of education legislation with respect to vulnerable children in Norway, 1814–1900."
4133:
4102:
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was the first in the world when it was established in 1972. A network of regional airports were built in Western and Northern Norway in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Membership in the
6011:
1572:. He also established the leidang, a mobilization army/navy. Haakon made an unsuccessful attempt to introduce Christianity in Norway. After his death in 960, war broke out between the
3943:
3596:
2096:
were repossessed. The period under absolutism increased the ratio of self-owning farmers from twenty to fifty percent, largely through sales of crown land to finance the lost wars.
5526:
1957:, strengthening the king's power. All church valuables were sent to Copenhagen and the forty percent of the land which was owned by the church came under the control of the king.
2331:. The first half of the century was dominated by the ca. 2,000 officials, as there were few bourgeois and no aristocracy following an 1821 decision to abolish nobility. From the
2954:(NATO). However, Norway never allowed permanently stationed foreign troops or nuclear weapons on Norwegian soil to avoid agitating the Soviet Union, with which Norway from 1944
2638:
was introduced in 1913—as the second country in the world. From the 1880s to the 1920s, Norwegians carried out a series of polar expeditions. The most important explorers were
1410:
In February 2020, Secrets of the Ice Program researchers discovered a 1,500-year-old Viking arrowhead dating back to the Germanic Iron Age and locked in a glacier in southern
5220:
3744:
3314:
29:
476:
1929:, who invited the old king Christian II back from his exile in the Netherlands. Christian returned but his army was defeated and he spent the rest of his life in prison.
1835:
was created between the three Scandinavian countries. She waged war against the Hanse, resulting in a trade blockade and higher taxation on Norwegians, which resulted in
1359:, a sacred place where all free men from the surrounding area would assemble and could settle disputes and determine sanctions for crimes, such as paying fines in food.
3973:
3912:
1770:, with peace and increase in trade, especially with the British islands, although Germany became increasingly important towards the end of the century. Throughout the
1117:
4736:
3065:
2903:
private consumption allowing for higher industrial investments. The Labor Party retained power throughout the period and maintained a policy of public planning. The
1615:
ships. In October 2018, Norwegian archaeologists headed by the archaeologist Lars Gustavsen announced the discovery of a buried 20 m long Gjellestad Viking ship in
2515:
as the first European country. The Liberal Party introduced a series of legal reforms, such as increasing the voting rights to about half of all men, settling the
2002:
between 1611 and 1613 saw 8,000 Norwegian peasants conscripted. Despite lack of training, Denmark–Norway won and Sweden abandoned its claims to the land between
1092:. However, no foreign powers recognized the Norwegian independence but supported the Swedish demand for Norway to comply with the treaty of Kiel. After a short
5693:
3378:
2942:. However, there was no enthusiasm for the UN at the time. Anti-communism grew with a Soviet proposal for joint control over Svalbard and especially after the
2589:
appointed in 1905, Parliament voted to establish a Norwegian consular service. This was rejected by the king and on 7 June Parliament unanimously approved the
3530:
2723:
was established in 1920, although this period saw a rise of support for the Conservatives. The Labor Party split in 1921, with the left wing establishing the
7071:
6322:(Princeton University Press; 2014) 543 pages; the history of the Scandinavian social model as it developed after the separation of Norway and Sweden in 1905.
6142:
5895:
1295:. According to Ante Aikio the formation of the Sámi language was completed in its southernmost area of usage (central Scandinavia, South Sápmi) by 500 AD.
2958:. NATO financed large parts of the Norwegian military investments, which ultimately resulted in numerous airports being built during the 1950s and 1960s.
5986:
3259:
3788:
7564:
6190:
Kunkeler, Nathaniël, and Martin Kristoffer Hamre. "Conceptions and Practices of International Fascism in Norway, Sweden and the Netherlands, 1930–40."
2590:
2564:
1542:(circa 870–900). He set up the basics of a state administration with stewards seated at the most important estates of vanquished or exiled chieftains.
373:
994:. Gradually, between 1,500 BC and 500 BC, agricultural settlements spread to the entire south Norway, while the inhabitants of the regions north of
2063:, each led by a district governor, and further subdivided into bailiwicks. About 1,600 government officials were appointed throughout the country.
4156:
3099:
field—which proved to be among the ten largest fields in the world. Operations of the fields was split between foreign operators, the state-owned
5856:
4125:
367:
5661:
4094:
2377:
1954:
1077:
297:
6213:
5956:
4780:
6007:
3577:
1548:, then uninhabited, was discovered by Norwegians during the late 9th century. By 930 the island had been divided among 400 Norse chieftains.
1418:
Mountains. The arrowhead made of iron was revealed with its cracked wooden shaft and a feather, is 17 cm long and weighs just 28 grams.
1084:
imposed in 1661. In 1814, after being on the losing side of the Napoleonic Wars with Denmark, Norway was ceded to the king of Sweden by the
3935:
3251:, became Norway's second largest company by 1985, just to go bankrupt by 1993. Unemployment reached record-high levels in the early 1990s.
1786:. The reduction in taxes weakened the king's position, and many aristocrats lost their surplus income, reducing some to mere farmers. High
6498:
2594:
514:
5042:
3855:
Aikio, Ante (2004), "An essay on substrate studies and the origin of Saami", in Hyvärinen, Irma; Kallio, Petri; Korhonen, Jarmo (eds.),
3007:
was created in 1961 by former Labor politicians who disagreed with the Labor Party's NATO, nuclear and European policies. Following the
2703:. Some merchants made huge profits from trade and shipping during the war, resulting in an increased division between the classes. The
1712:
1132:
were important sources of income for the country. The following decades saw a fluctuating economy and the rise of the labor movement.
7064:
3450:, the leader of Norway's center-left Labor Party, took office on 14 October 2021. He formed a minority coalition government with the
2899:
being introduced. Reconstruction after the war gave Norway the highest economic growth in Europe until 1950, partly created through
1366:. Trading with Romans also took place, largely furs and skins in exchange for luxury goods. Some Scandinavians also served as Roman
3382:
2872:
1389:
tribes migrated northwards and local farmers wanted protection. This also resulted in the construction of simple fortifications. A
7839:
7476:
3736:
2939:
2543:
2361:
The textile industry started in the 1840s, which was followed up with mechanical workshops to build new machinery as the British
1469:
armor, and were well trained. In addition to gold and silver, an important purpose from the raids was the capture and trading of
388:
4747:
3443:
joined them in January 2019. The Progress Party left the coalition in January 2020, but it continued to support the government.
3254:
By 1990, Norway was Europe's largest oil producer and by 1995 it was the world's second-largest oil exporter. Membership in the
1678:, built churches and created an institution of priests. Many chieftains feared that Christianization would rob them of power as
1447:
The Viking Age was a period of Scandinavian expansion through trade, raids and colonization. One of the first raids was against
7682:
6297:
Roy, Chiraag, Anthony Ware, and Costas Laoutides. "The political economy of Norwegian peacemaking in Myanmar's peace process."
2700:
309:
1013:
to take control and hilltop forts to be constructed. From the 8th century Norwegians started expanding across the seas to the
7657:
6447:
6408:
6389:
6370:
3459:
3432:
3416:
3343:
3192:
3020:
2920:
2547:
2484:
2411:
2332:
960:
4913:
3965:
3904:
2597:, only 184 people voted in favor of a union. The government offered the Norwegian crown to Denmark's Prince Carl, who after
7057:
6043:
Andresen, Astri, and Kari Tove Elvbakken. "In peace and war: birth control and population policies in Norway (1930–1945)."
5925:
5779:
3714:
3057:
3004:
2841:
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1167:
about 12,000 BC. The first immigration took place during this period as the Norwegian coast offered rich opportunities for
1133:
6278:
4072:
2155:
to two-thirds of the country's audited national income was transferred to Copenhagen. In the last decades of the century,
7778:
7013:
6030:
3440:
3342:
shifted their focus from defending an invasion to being mobile for use in NATO operations abroad and participated in the
3184:
was built, the issue shifted the political climate and made large-scale hydroelectricity project difficult to built. The
2681:
2651:
2598:
1815:
took control of Norwegian trade in the 14th century and established trading posts in most Norwegian port cities, such as
358:
6348:
The Versatile Farmers of the North; The Struggle of Norwegian Yeomen for Economic Reforms and Political Power, 1750–1814
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2943:
212:
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7199:
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2995:
2951:
2811:
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on 17 May 1814. Power would be split between the king – a position to which Christian Frederik was appointed – and the
2430:. From 1850 to 1880 the Norwegian shipping industry enjoyed a large boom, stimulated by the abolishing of the British
1045:. The population expanded quickly until 1349 (Oslo: 3,000; Bergen: 7,000; Trondheim: 4,000) when it was halved by the
7824:
7129:
6334:
6127:
Goksøyr, Matti, and Gaute Heyerdahl. "The 1952 and 1994 Olympic Flames: Norway's Quest for Winter Olympic Identity."
3587:
3401:
2631:
2403:
1362:
The last century BC saw a widespread cultural development. The Norse adapted letters and created their own alphabet,
727:
6313:
3859:, Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki, vol. 63, Helsinki: Société Néophilologique, pp. 5–34
1374:. They functioned as priests and accepted sacrifices from farmers which were again used to pay soldiers, creating a
8151:
7953:
7662:
7532:
6998:
6593:
3220:
3112:
2719:
Norway had nine governments between 1918 and 1935, nearly all minority and lasting an average eighteen months. The
1864:
1638:
1628:
188:
5172:
4400:
2695:
the Norwegian merchant marine was largely used in support of the British, resulting in Norway being classified as
7559:
7023:
6626:
6491:
6258:
3556:
3168:, and Oslo became the center-point of immigration, although regulations from 1975 slowed this significantly. The
3000:
2907:
was created in 1946. The 1950s saw a boom in construction of hydroelectricity and the state built the steel mill
2265:
1645:
1101:
1034:
722:
700:
507:
340:
6104:
Ancient constitutions and modern monarchy: historical writing and enlightened reform in Denmark-Norway 1730–1814
6078:
Dackling, Martin. "Traditional or modern peasants? odelsrett and bördsrätt in parliamentary debates, 1810–1860"
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3227:
to finance new road projects. A banking crisis hit Norway in the late 1980s, causing the largest banks, such as
1724:, who introduced clear succession laws. He also managed to subject Greenland and Iceland to Norwegian rule; the
8113:
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6810:
6643:
6581:
2707:
was dominated by economic instability caused among other by strikes, lock-outs and the monetary policy causing
2396:
2344:
2241:
1326:. The climate changes also meant that farmers started building more solid structures for shelter. Knowledge of
5978:
1688:, and had Olaf banished from Norway in 1028. When he tried to return in 1030, he was met by the locals in the
1451:
in 793 and is considered the beginning of the Viking Age. This was possible because of the development of the
7867:
7743:
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7149:
7018:
6927:
6121:
3784:
3681:
3455:
2855:
2850:
2713:
2205:
1283:. Some yields were so high that it allowed farmers to trade furs and skins for luxury items, especially with
455:
6339:
Taylor, Louisa. "Bishops, war, and canon law: The Military Activities of Prelates in High Medieval Norway."
1827:
inherited both the Norwegian and Danish thrones, creating a union between the two countries. In 1397, under
7887:
7537:
7402:
7174:
2916:
2884:
2257:
1093:
620:
182:
6253:
Myhre, Jan Eivind. "Social History in Norway in the 1970s and Beyond: Evolution and Professionalisation."
6228:
Loftsgarden, Kjetil. "Mass Production and Mountain Marketplaces in Norway in the Viking and Middle Ages."
3431:, was elected. The transition came amid an economy in good condition, with low unemployment. In Norwegian
2934:
Norway retained its neutrality policy until 1947, focusing on its membership in the United Nations, where
1774:
the king established Norway as a sovereign state with a central administration and local representatives.
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7738:
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7469:
6977:
6972:
6588:
5518:
3676:
3424:
3061:
2772:
2516:
2492:
2443:
1995:
League in Bergen was broken; though German craftsmen remained, they had to accept Danish-Norwegian rule.
1298:
A climate shift with colder weather started about 500 BC. The forests, which had previously consisted of
990:
as staple foods. Between 5,000 BC and 4,000 BC the earliest agricultural settlements appeared around the
832:
400:
394:
352:
17:
3661:(left) announce that Norway and Russia have settled the long conflict over their maritime border in the
3052:
ever-more conversion of waterfalls to hydro stations, pollution and the dilapidation of herring stocks.
2946:, after which the Communist Party lost all influence. Norway started negotiations for the creation of a
2064:
1875:, who resided in the country for several years. Norway did not take any part in the events which led to
8210:
8129:
7921:
7872:
7819:
7417:
7369:
7261:
7256:
7033:
7028:
6484:
6246:
Lundestad, Geir. "The United States and Norway, 1905–2006 Allies of a kind: so similar, so different."
5314:
Götz, Norbert (2009). "The Absent-Minded Founder: Norway and the Establishment of the United Nations".
3355:
2947:
2340:
2320:
1971:
1791:
1402:. Some chieftains were able to control most of the trade and grew in power throughout the 8th century.
1229:, with technology from southern Scandinavia. The break-through occurred between 2900 and 2500 BC, when
837:
500:
450:
78:
6183:
Kjølsvik, Idar, and Herborg Finnset. "Norway's Millennium of Christianity and Decade of Celebration."
5848:
5633:
8098:
7834:
7672:
7652:
7642:
7003:
6757:
6718:
6068:
Brégaint, David. "Kings and aristocratic elites: communicating power and status in medieval Norway."
3185:
2728:
2724:
2136:. Fishing continued to be an important income for farmers along the coast, but from the 18th century
1876:
1554:– the son of Harald Fairhair, raised in England – assumed the crown in 930 and established two large
953:
6469:
6430:
6302:
6132:
6083:
6073:
4187:
1353:. They would offer protection from other clans; if conflicts arose, the issue would be decided at a
8103:
7933:
7783:
7773:
7677:
7637:
7554:
7512:
7374:
7221:
5948:
4772:
3295:
3275:
2955:
2508:
2371:
2350:
2273:
on 7 October, and the necessary amendments were resolved on 4 November 1814. On the same day, king
2176:
2047:
1946:
1523:
1515:
817:
328:
158:
5164:
Kathleen Stokker, "Heil Hitler; God Save the King: Jokes and the Norwegian Resistance 1940–1945,"
2912:
2712:
production increased by eighty percent from 1915 to 1939, the number of jobs remained stable. The
8139:
7968:
7748:
7647:
7627:
7379:
7341:
7008:
6666:
6195:
6171:
Secret Alliances: Special Operations and Intelligence in Norway 1940–1945–The British Perspective
3686:
3428:
3205:
3128:
3108:
3044:
2846:
2760:
2402:
The population decrease resulted in a labor shortage in the agriculture, which again resulted in
2365:
hindered import of textile machinery. An economic crisis hit the country from 1848, resulting in
2014:
in 1618–48, a new conscription system was created in which the country was subdivided into 6,000
1926:
1872:
1708:
1246:
1158:
663:
239:
113:
3048:
1500:
settled on the east coast of Ireland circa 800 and founded the island's first cities, including
8134:
8093:
8028:
7943:
7897:
7758:
7718:
7713:
7606:
7462:
7321:
6832:
6661:
3857:
Etymologie, Entlehnungen und Entwicklungen: Festschrift für Jorma Koivulehto zum 70. Geburtstag
3409:
3339:
3263:
2732:
2731:, based on an alliance with the Agrarian Party. During the 1920s and 1930s, Norway established
2586:
2488:
2323:
on 17 May became an important political rally every year; in 1829 the Swedish governor-general
2245:
2190:
1910:
1725:
1716:
1271:, permanent farms with houses and yards, especially in the fertile areas around the Oslofjord,
1109:
1089:
756:
751:
600:
460:
334:
194:
34:
6147:
Grytten, Ola Honningdal. "Revising price history: consumer price index for Norway 1492–2018."
8108:
7963:
7753:
7522:
7291:
7251:
7231:
7211:
7114:
6912:
6777:
5046:
3552:
3505:
3451:
3351:
3223:
to connect island communities to the mainland. From the 1980s, the largest cities introduced
3053:
2892:
2720:
2551:
2307:
2117:
was introduced in 1736; as it required people to read, elementary education was introduced.
1828:
1778:
1592:
1531:
1219:
1030:
842:
645:
465:
170:
6290:
Riste, Olav. "The historical determinants of Norwegian foreign policy." in J. J. Holst, ed.
1225:
The first farming, and thus the start of the Neolithic period, began ca. 4000 BC around the
8083:
7973:
7788:
7407:
7226:
6967:
6962:
6902:
6837:
6742:
6164:
3501:
3319:
3299:
3165:
2928:
2904:
2542:
The 1880s and 1890s saw the rise of the labor movement and trade unions became common; the
2532:
2496:
2434:. By 1880 there were 60,000 Norwegian seamen and the country had the world's third-largest
2336:
2328:
2249:
2018:, each required to support one soldier. Denmark–Norway lost the war and was forced to cede
2011:
1836:
1729:
1721:
1689:
1607:
Several Viking ships in burial mounds have been found and placed in museums, including the
1539:
1493:
1343:
1267:
The Bronze Age began around 1800 BC and involved innovations such as ploughing fields with
946:
877:
678:
630:
531:
176:
131:
303:
8:
8048:
7978:
7948:
7902:
7877:
7733:
7632:
7615:
7427:
7412:
7359:
7306:
7301:
7276:
7134:
6932:
6862:
6805:
6722:
6548:
5079:
3583:
3397:
3393:
3016:
2635:
2092:
The population of Norway increased from 150,000 in 1500 to 900,000 in 1800. By 1500 most
2070:
2055:
2027:
1922:
1760:
1616:
1242:
1164:
7397:
7049:
3447:
2609:, factory inspection, a ten-hour working day and worker protection laws. Waterfalls for
2200:
on France's side in 1807. This had a devastating effect on the Norwegian economy as the
2074:
1179:. Increased ice receding from 8000 BC led to settlement along the entire coastline. The
610:
8078:
8005:
7995:
7882:
7763:
7696:
7549:
7331:
7281:
7241:
7194:
7189:
7179:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7139:
7124:
7119:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7038:
6942:
6726:
6678:
6673:
6576:
6566:
6523:
6515:
6457:
6418:
5814:
5331:
4126:"A Rare Viking Ship Burial Was Just Discovered in Norway, Less Than 2 Feet Underground"
3548:
3493:
3181:
3153:
3138:
3121:
3092:
2837:
2790:
2780:
2536:
2407:
2261:
2228:
2164:
2156:
2142:
2060:
1962:
1902:
1856:
1824:
1556:
1327:
1250:
1097:
1069:
791:
717:
635:
625:
615:
364:
346:
291:
3034:
in 1962 concluded the construction of new railway routes, while the first part of the
1970:
became employees of the crown rather than of the local nobility. In 1572 (or 1556), a
1200:
8175:
8063:
8020:
8000:
7907:
7892:
7862:
7802:
7507:
7422:
7364:
7326:
7316:
7296:
7286:
7271:
7246:
7216:
7184:
7169:
7144:
7080:
6917:
6892:
6872:
6852:
6842:
6732:
6714:
6683:
6616:
6533:
6507:
6443:
6404:
6385:
6366:
6330:
6268:
6137:
Grytten, Ola. "Revising growth history: new estimates of GDP for Norway, 1816–2019"
5653:
5335:
3291:
3124:
and dividends from Statoil gave high income from the oil industry to the government.
3012:
2210:
2078:
2051:
1987:
1975:
1665:
1661:
1262:
796:
673:
650:
151:
125:
6223:
6056:
The power of the periphery: How Norway became an environmental pioneer for the world
2406:
and thus capital. The government stimulated the process through the creation of the
2235:
to gain support for his person, and then assembled twenty-one prominent citizens at
1653:
1551:
8058:
7958:
7814:
7502:
7311:
7236:
7206:
6907:
6822:
6767:
6737:
6688:
6648:
6631:
6621:
6556:
6528:
5645:
5323:
3654:
3638:
3626:
3622:
3602:
3420:
3232:
3169:
3157:
3008:
2829:
2828:
proclaimed himself prime minister and appointed a government with members from the
2696:
2657:
2610:
2568:
2232:
2147:
2129:
1860:
1849:
1812:
1783:
1771:
1756:
1692:, where Olaf was killed, in accordance with the law. The church elevated Olaf I to
1670:
1573:
1511:
1386:
1382:
1355:
1288:
1180:
1137:
1129:
1081:
1058:
1006:
827:
685:
668:
272:
253:
226:
206:
200:
137:
119:
62:
5649:
3513:
2414:
eight years later. The 19th century saw a large increase of road construction and
2289:
1990:) and the Dutch controlled the export of Norwegian timber for the next 150 years.
1839:. However, Norway and its Council of State was too weak to secede from the union.
1291:
arrived in the north and assimilated with the indigenous population, becoming the
8184:
8088:
8073:
8010:
7938:
7844:
7579:
6947:
6922:
6710:
6693:
6538:
6015:
5917:
5783:
5176:
4921:
3658:
3279:
3228:
2825:
2776:
2756:
2744:
2704:
2639:
2605:. The following ten years, Parliament passed a series of social reforms, such as
2512:
2447:
2435:
2431:
2388:
2197:
1958:
1942:
1657:
1649:
1527:
1272:
1121:
406:
379:
4064:
3706:
3216:
3201:
2343:
from 1838. Cultural expression from the 1840s to the 1870s was dominated by the
2133:
986:. They were hunter-gatherers whose diet included seafood and game, particularly
8156:
8144:
6897:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6857:
6847:
6762:
6705:
6598:
6561:
6273:
Nelsen, Brent F. "Explaining Petroleum Policy in Britain and Norway, 1962–90."
5216:
4743:
3560:
3517:
3485:
3439:
won re-election. In January 2018, the Liberal Party joined the government, the
3412:, killing 77 people. It was the worst ever gun massacre made by an individual.
3323:
3271:
3255:
3104:
2908:
2888:
2833:
2740:
2699:. Half the Norwegian fleet was sunk and 2,000 seamen were killed by the German
2665:
2661:
2643:
2504:
2236:
2214:
2101:
1979:
1888:
1685:
1505:
1477:
1125:
1085:
905:
891:
863:
732:
712:
5327:
3707:"Norway Economy: Population, GDP, Inflation, Business, Trade, FDI, Corruption"
3031:
2983:
2840:
continued in Northern Norway and the government fled to London on 7 June. The
8204:
8189:
8033:
6993:
6792:
5822:
5686:
5657:
3634:
3362:
3267:
3248:
3027:
2967:
2896:
2673:
2669:
2647:
2455:
2451:
2366:
2180:
2093:
2007:
1998:
The 17th century saw a series of wars between Denmark–Norway and Sweden. The
1914:
1535:
1485:
1196:
1184:
1014:
933:
919:
490:
66:
50:
2471:
2439:
2023:
1633:
69:(1664–1724) was a German geographer and cartographer; map dated around 1730.
8068:
7857:
7544:
6952:
6782:
6653:
6571:
3436:
3240:
3196:
3143:
2994:
The sale of cars was deregulated in October 1960, and in the same year the
2880:
2849:
resigned and both organized sports and bishops boycotted the new regime. A
2798:
2573:
2274:
2121:
2114:
2105:
2097:
1950:
1868:
1832:
1675:
1588:
1580:
1268:
1168:
1062:
982:. They traveled steadily northwards along the coastal areas, warmed by the
822:
785:
707:
266:
38:
4157:"For the First Time in a Century, Norway Will Excavate Viking Ship Burial"
2736:
2185:
1569:
995:
7852:
6937:
6815:
6800:
6772:
6608:
5733:
5366:
Kai R. Pedersen, "Norwegian Business and the Marshall Plan, 1947–1952."
4917:
4776:
3662:
3568:
3331:
3327:
3133:
3076:
2692:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2311:
2163:
movement, which demanded the right to preach the word of God freely. The
1918:
1893:
1790:
made the church more powerful, and the archbishop became a member of the
1448:
1415:
1367:
1292:
1238:
1237:, pigs, cattle, sheep and goats became common and spread as far north as
1215:
1209:
1073:
1068:
After Sweden left the union in 1523, Norway became the junior partner in
1046:
1042:
983:
539:
260:
4394:
3936:"Photo Friday: Norwegian Glacial Ice Preserves Ancient Viking Artifacts"
2475:
2031:
2019:
1852:", who launched three devastating raids on the port (the last in 1427).
1797:
1560:, assemblies in which the king met with the free men to make decisions:
1480:
caused Norwegians to travel to and colonize sparsely populated areas of
1390:
1176:
1050:
7990:
7517:
6700:
6320:
The Age of Social Democracy: Norway and Sweden in the Twentieth Century
5169:
3630:
3606:
3571:
during a state visit in Washington, D.C., United States, in March 2005.
3564:
3536:
Jens Stoltenberg was the Prime Minister of Norway from 2005 until 2013.
3374:
3370:
3366:
3244:
3236:
3209:
3180:. The case united the environmental and Sami interest groups; although
3177:
3040:
3035:
2935:
2924:
2602:
2419:
2253:
2244:
gathered and, after six weeks of discussion, concluded the work on the
2201:
2003:
1999:
1986:
this. In 1544 a deal was struck with the Netherlands (then part of the
1906:
1901:
Sweden was able to pull out of the Kalmar Union in 1523, thus creating
1767:
1565:
1466:
1456:
1427:
1026:
761:
690:
164:
98:
3278:—connected to the capital with Norway's first high-speed railway, the
2879:
and 25 were executed. The post-war years saw an increased interest in
2466:
2298:
2277:
of Sweden was elected king of Norway, thereby establishing the Union.
1953:, dissolving the Norwegian Council of State. The Reformation was also
6747:
3966:"1,500-Year-Old Viking Arrowhead Found After Glacier Melts in Norway"
3224:
3173:
3117:
3088:
3080:
2987:
2900:
2748:
2708:
2578:
2427:
2423:
2415:
2392:
2383:
2220:
2137:
1991:
1701:
1693:
1584:
1437:
1399:
1395:
1371:
1226:
1022:
1010:
1002:
991:
766:
547:
6476:
6283:
Riste, Olav. "Britain and Norway: from War to Cold War, 1944–1951."
5949:"Norway's right-wing government wins re-election fought on oil, tax"
2927:
allowed for governmental control over private debt. Oslo hosted the
2520:
1844:
7768:
6957:
6752:
6161:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
3347:
3306:
resulted in cooperation with Russia and reduced military activity.
3303:
2971:
2785:
2752:
2606:
2500:
2316:
1967:
1744:
1599:. Unlike Greenland, no permanent settlement was established there.
1561:
1489:
1481:
1452:
1378:. Thus they were able to rule an area of several clans and tribes.
1307:
1192:
1105:
987:
695:
7454:
6239:
Lucas, Colin. "Great Britain and the Union of Norway and Sweden."
5634:"Norway's urban toll rings: Evolving towards congestion charging?"
3405:
2858:
on 8 May 1945, there were 360,000 German soldiers in the country.
2354:
1280:
1276:
6827:
6638:
3509:
3497:
3489:
3386:
3287:
3283:
3100:
3096:
2876:
2677:
2524:
2362:
2280:
2160:
2124:
as the basis for commerce, which involved import regulations and
1748:
1697:
1612:
1608:
1596:
1545:
1497:
1462:
1441:
1284:
1172:
1038:
1018:
575:
568:
562:
58:
54:
42:
6095:
Eitrheim, Øyvind, Jan Tore Klovland, and Lars Fredrik Øksendal.
5632:
Ieromonachou, P.; Potter, S.; Warren, J. P. (1 September 2006).
3458:. The previous center-right government was ousted in the 13 Sep
3200:
which ultimately forced an increase in taxes and Prime Minister
1680:
7527:
7485:
5076:
Erik J. Friis, "The Norwegian Government-In-Exile, 1940–45" in
4095:"Viking ship burial discovered in Norway just 50cm underground"
3419:, voters ended eight years of Labor rule led by Prime Minister
2495:, run for election, and subsequently the majority succeeded at
2125:
2085:
1982:
was founded, and professional military officers were employed.
1820:
1752:
1501:
1470:
1411:
1323:
1234:
1054:
979:
586:
581:
46:
6163:, ed. by Ute Daniel, et al. (Freie Universität Berlin, 2016).
2442:
connected the capital to Trondheim in 1877. Norway joined the
2217:
signed on 14 January 1814 ceded Norway to the king of Sweden.
1508:
kings to ally, and by 900 they had driven out the Norwegians.
8038:
2615:
1787:
1363:
1331:
1315:
1303:
1205:
1188:
3149:
2680:, the tent erected at the South Pole on 16 December 1911 as
2037:
1707:
From the 1040s to 1130 the country was at peace. In 1130, a
1432:
1163:
Norway's coastline rose from glaciation with the end of the
4399:. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag. p. 514.
3521:
2528:
2418:
services commenced along the coast. The first railway, the
2270:
1816:
1375:
1350:
1319:
1230:
1175:, and by 9300 BC they were already settled as far north as
1141:
2327:
resigned after he used force against demonstrators in the
7079:
5778:
Hove-Ødegård, Arne; Celius, Sten; Brun, Ivar Ole (2004).
3737:"Lessons from Norway, the world's most inclusive economy"
2294:
1648:
and the abolition of the traditional Asatru reflected in
1583:, a Norwegian-born man, a group of Icelanders settled on
1311:
1299:
1120:
in 1905. From the 1880s to the 1920s, Norwegians such as
5631:
5213:"Passport Issues, Citizenship and National Registration"
3905:"Climate change reveals, and threatens, thawing relics"
2950:, but instead opted to become a founding member of the
1855:
Norway slipped ever more into the background under the
5777:
5694:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
3446:
Norway's new center-left cabinet under Prime Minister
2100:
became common in the absolutism period, especially in
1932:
1522:
The mid-9th century saw the largest chieftains of the
1128:
carried out important polar expeditions. Shipping and
5918:"Norway election: Conservative Erna Solberg triumphs"
1576:
and the Earls of Lade in alliance with Danish kings.
1538:
and was able to unify the country after the decisive
1171:, fishing, and hunting. These early inhabitants were
3270:. Large public investments in the 1990s were a new
3146:became a new, profitable industry along the coast.
3056:was created as the country's first in 1962 and the
2067:was the most famous viceroy of Norway (1664–1699).
1945:broke out between the supporters of his eldest son
1455:, suitable for travel across the sea, and advanced
6038:Britain and Norway in Europe Since 1945: Outsiders
6031:Foreign relations of Norway § Further reading
4188:"Vil grave fram det første vikingskipet på 100 år"
4185:
3282:. A number of large government companies, such as
2654:in 1911 became the first to reach the South Pole.
2565:Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden
1337:
1256:
6327:History of Norway from the Ice Age to the Oil Age
5519:"Russia and Norway strike Arctic sea border deal"
5517:Dyomkin, Denis; Fouche, Gwladys (27 April 2010).
3785:"'Søgnekvinnen' – Norway's Oldest Human Skeleton"
1088:. Norway declared its independence and adopted a
8202:
6118:Fascism and Ideology: Italy, Britain, and Norway
5888:"The Top 5 Worst Gun Massacres by an Individual"
3880:
3878:
2519:by establishing two official written standards,
2461:
1871:in 1502. Norwegians had some affection for king
1823:, which had the largest German colony. In 1380,
1057:became the main trading port, controlled by the
5983:Norway's News in English — www.newsinenglish.no
4800:
4798:
3829:
3827:
1961:was introduced as a written language, although
1755:, once the centre of trade in Norway under the
1739:
1732:civil war resulted in a pro-Norwegian victory.
6398:
5947:Dagenborg, Henrik Stolen (12 September 2017).
5078:Scandinavian Studies. Essays Presented to Dr.
3435:the center-right government of Prime Minister
3015:ruled for a month. The Conservative coalition
1877:Swedish independence from Denmark in the 1520s
7470:
7065:
6492:
6129:International Journal of the History of Sport
6113:(Dec 1955) 5#12 pp 833–838, covers 1814–1905.
6008:Norways Prime Minister present his government
5737:(in Norwegian). 24 December 1993. p. 11.
5516:
3875:
2347:, which emphasized the uniqueness of Norway.
954:
508:
41:with their surrounding territories: northern
6442:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
6384:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
5813:
5082:on the Occasion of his Eighty-fifth Birthday
4795:
4186:miljødepartementet, Klima-og (12 May 2020).
3824:
3111:in 1977 and 123 people were killed when the
3103:, the partially state-owned Norsk Hydro and
2204:hindered export by ship and import of food.
2189:The Constituent Assembly which approved the
1602:
6109:Falls, Cyril. "The Independence of Norway"
2873:legal purge took place in Norway after WWII
2832:. He was quickly set aside and replaced by
2438:. As the first coast-to-coast railway, the
1381:The chieftains' power increased during the
1370:. Some of the most powerful farmers became
7477:
7463:
7072:
7058:
6499:
6485:
6310:Scandinavia and the Great Powers 1890–1940
5782:. Lillehammer Municipality. Archived from
4731:
4729:
4727:
3373:in Thailand and the other part across the
2875:in which 53,000 people were sentenced for
1766:The 13th century is described as Norway's
1405:
1245:, which brought new weapons, tools and an
1241:. This period also saw the arrival of the
1037:was completed during the 11th century and
961:
947:
515:
501:
7789:Membership of International organizations
6222:(Princeton University Press, 1967) 576pp
5946:
5819:"Fra invasjonsforsvar til innsatsforsvar"
5681:
5679:
3219:opened in 1982 and since the country has
2113:decreased from four to two in the 1670s.
1334:, resulting in better weapons and tools.
6403:(in Norwegian). Lysaker: Dinamo Forlag.
5746:
5744:
5555:
5553:
5503:
5501:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5378:
5376:
5291:
5289:
5279:
5277:
5240:
5238:
5198:
5196:
5186:
5184:
3354:in 2011. They were also involved in the
3313:
3148:
3075:
2982:
2784:
2656:
2572:
2465:
2376:
2349:
2288:
2264:on 14 August Norway accepted to enter a
2219:
2184:
2069:
1974:was appointed for Norway with a seat at
1892:
1796:
1743:
1632:
1510:
1431:
1214:
28:
6437:
6399:Stenersen, Øyvind; Libæk, Ivar (2003).
6097:A monetary history of Norway, 1816–2016
4724:
3933:
2634:was established the following year and
2544:Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions
2010:. With the Danish participation in the
1104:with Sweden, keeping its Constitution,
14:
8203:
6379:
6365:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Andante Forlag.
5676:
5529:from the original on 30 September 2013
5043:"Historikk – Stavanger lufthavn, Sola"
4854:
4852:
4842:
4840:
4830:
4828:
4699:
4697:
4669:
4667:
4585:
4583:
4456:
4454:
4392:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4032:
4030:
4002:
4000:
3903:Bailey, Stephanie (26 February 2019).
3902:
3868:
3866:
2805:
2252:. The Swedish army under Crown prince
1112:as king of Norway on 4 November 1814.
7458:
7081:History of current European countries
7053:
6506:
6480:
6360:
6292:Norwegian Foreign Policy in the 1980s
5979:"Progress leaves Solberg's coalition"
5898:from the original on 26 February 2022
5859:from the original on 13 December 2021
5829:from the original on 23 November 2011
5741:
5550:
5498:
5484:
5373:
5286:
5274:
5235:
5193:
5181:
4136:from the original on 14 November 2020
4123:
3915:from the original on 26 February 2019
3854:
3841:
3839:
3817:
3815:
2357:, a major copper mining town, in 1869
2310:was established as a currency by the
1882:
1534:when he entered an alliance with the
1476:The lack of suitable farming land in
6149:Scandinavian Economic History Review
5928:from the original on 18 October 2017
5731:"Landet rundt TBK overtar Dolphin".
5664:from the original on 17 October 2015
5313:
4167:from the original on 6 February 2021
4154:
3383:magnitude 9.0 earthquake and tsunami
3120:became the center of this industry.
2535:and, as the first European country,
2170:
1941:When Frederick died and a three-way
1414:caused by the climate change in the
1212:, skis, sleds and large skin boats.
7484:
7014:History of the Mediterranean region
6099:(Cambridge University Press, 2016).
6058:(Cambridge University Press, 2020).
5370:1996 21(4): 285–301. ISSN 0346-8755
4849:
4837:
4825:
4694:
4664:
4580:
4451:
4386:
4314:
4300:
4124:Starr, Michelle (15 October 2018).
4027:
3997:
3863:
3609:redevelopment of Oslo's waterfront.
359:Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration
24:
6325:Stenersen, Øivind and Ivar Libæk.
4105:from the original on 13 April 2021
3976:from the original on 25 March 2020
3946:from the original on 25 March 2020
3836:
3812:
3605:opened in 2007 and is part of the
3262:, with Norway instead joining the
2996:Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation
2952:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
2820:
2812:Diplomatic history of World War II
2548:Norwegian Employers' Confederation
1759:trade network, now preserved as a
1641:about 1265, at its greatest extent
25:
8222:
7596:
5703:from the original on 9 March 2013
4396:Dansk biografisk Lexikon, vol. 11
4198:from the original on 12 July 2023
3747:from the original on 25 June 2018
3717:from the original on 25 June 2018
2632:Norwegian Institute of Technology
1526:engaged in major power struggle.
1504:. Their arrival caused the petty
1492:, the latter of which became the
1136:between 1940 and 1945 during the
1065:with Denmark and Sweden in 1397.
382:
7605:
6999:Bibliography of European history
6594:Fall of the Western Roman Empire
6248:Journal of Transatlantic Studies
6001:
5971:
5959:from the original on 27 May 2020
5940:
5910:
5880:
5871:
5841:
5807:
5798:
5771:
5762:
5753:
5724:
5715:
5625:
5616:
5607:
5598:
5589:
5580:
5571:
5562:
5541:
5510:
5475:
5466:
5457:
5448:
5439:
5430:
5421:
5412:
5403:
5394:
5385:
5360:
5351:
5342:
5307:
5298:
5265:
5256:
5247:
5205:
5158:
5149:
5140:
5131:
5122:
5113:
5100:
5095:Oxford Companion to World War II
5087:
5070:
5061:
5035:
5026:
5017:
5008:
4999:
4990:
4981:
4972:
4783:from the original on 1 July 2012
4746:. pp. 44–45. Archived from
4075:from the original on 15 May 2011
3934:Ramming, Audrey (6 March 2020).
3791:from the original on 5 July 2014
3787:. Thornews.com. 7 January 2013.
3646:
3614:
3595:
3576:
3541:
3529:
3477:
2961:
2759:. Norway's first civil airport,
2546:was established in 1899 and the
1005:period started in 4,000 BC. The
927:
913:
899:
885:
871:
857:
546:
484:
233:
97:
7024:History of Western civilization
6627:Christianity in the Middle Ages
6354:
6346:Vinje, Victor Condorcet (2014)
6341:Scandinavian Journal of History
6329:(3rd ed. Dinamo Forlag 2007),
6285:Scandinavian journal of history
6241:Scandinavian Journal of History
6192:Journal of Contemporary History
6159:Haug, Karl Erik. "Norway", in:
6080:Scandinavian Journal of History
6070:Scandinavian Journal of History
6024:
5989:from the original on 3 May 2023
5368:Scandinavian Journal of History
5108:Norway and the Second World War
4963:
4954:
4945:
4936:
4906:
4897:
4888:
4879:
4870:
4861:
4816:
4807:
4765:
4715:
4706:
4685:
4676:
4655:
4646:
4637:
4628:
4619:
4610:
4601:
4592:
4571:
4562:
4553:
4544:
4535:
4526:
4517:
4508:
4499:
4490:
4481:
4472:
4463:
4442:
4433:
4424:
4415:
4403:from the original on 4 May 2018
4377:
4368:
4359:
4350:
4341:
4332:
4323:
4291:
4282:
4273:
4264:
4255:
4246:
4237:
4228:
4219:
4210:
4179:
4148:
4117:
4087:
4057:
4048:
4039:
4018:
4009:
3988:
3958:
3927:
3896:
3887:
3848:
3557:First Lady of the United States
3309:
3191:The Conservative Party won the
3001:European Free Trade Association
2978:
2766:
2558:
2487:saw the first two parties, the
2260:in late July; at the armistice
1338:Nordic Iron Age (500 BC–800 AD)
1257:Nordic Bronze Age (1800–500 BC)
6868:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
6811:Christianity in the modern era
6582:Christianity in late antiquity
6275:Scandinavian political studies
6092:(George Allen and Unwin, 1968)
4393:Bricka, Carl Frederik (1897).
3803:
3777:
3768:
3759:
3729:
3699:
3657:(right) and Russian President
3377:and Southeast Asia were among
3107:. Ekofisk experienced a major
2836:, but reinstated in 1942. The
1728:thus came to an end after the
1622:
1096:, the countries concluded the
13:
1:
7585:Norwegian government-in-exile
7019:History of the European Union
6438:Thuesen, Nils Petter (2011).
6255:Contemporary European History
5650:10.1016/j.tranpol.2006.01.003
3692:
3682:Norway and the European Union
3588:financial crisis of 2007–2008
3484:Five Nordic Prime Ministers (
3470:
3369:celebration, more than 80 of
3361:On 26 December 2004 during a
2944:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
2714:Norwegian School of Economics
2462:The last decades of the Union
1802:
1668:, starting in 1015, made the
1421:
1385:between 400 and 550 as other
1287:. About 1000 BC, speakers of
1152:
1100:, in which Norway accepted a
7591:
7538:Hereditary Kingdom of Norway
7533:Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)
6180:(U of Nebraska Press, 1998).
6173:(Biteback Publishing, 2021).
5849:"Tsunami victims remembered"
5687:"Regulatyr Reform in Norway"
5093:I.C.B Dear and M.R.D. Foot,
3637:(right) at the visit to the
3516:(right) from Sweden) at the
3091:started in 1966 and in 1969
2885:Scandinavian Airlines System
2866:
2339:, which established elected
2281:The State of the Officials (
2084:and Norwegian gunboats near
2030:in 1657 to 1660 resulted in
1905:under the rule of a king in
1740:Decline and the Kalmar Union
1674:pass church laws, destroyed
1629:Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)
1140:, after which Norway joined
998:continued to hunt and fish.
431:
412:
7:
6978:Russian invasion of Ukraine
6589:Crisis of the Third Century
5045:. Avinor.no. Archived from
3677:Foreign relations of Norway
3670:
3625:(second left) and his wife
3462:after two four-year terms.
3433:parliamentary election 2017
3062:European Economic Community
3058:Ministry of the Environment
2921:State Educational Loan Fund
2773:German occupation of Norway
2751:and secured sovereignty of
2687:Norway adopted a policy of
2630:was completed in 1909, the
2499:the cabinet. In 1884, King
2446:in 1875 and introduced the
2444:Scandinavian Monetary Union
2196:Denmark–Norway entered the
2038:The Absolute Monarchy era (
1660:, but he was killed in the
10:
8227:
7034:Military history of Europe
7029:Maritime history of Europe
6028:
5316:Diplomacy & Statecraft
3465:
3379:thousands of people killed
3356:NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
3204:was forced to resign. The
3172:started in the 1970s when
3071:
2948:Scandinavian defense union
2915:. State banks such as the
2861:
2809:
2770:
2562:
2503:appointed majority leader
2412:State Agricultural College
2404:increased use of machinery
2174:
1886:
1626:
1425:
1341:
1260:
1156:
451:Economic history of Norway
8169:
8122:
8019:
7929:
7920:
7810:
7801:
7704:
7695:
7623:
7614:
7603:
7493:
7436:
7388:
7350:
7087:
7004:Genetic history of Europe
6986:
6791:
6607:
6547:
6514:
6380:Steine, Tor Olav (1992).
6265:A brief history of Norway
6090:A Short History of Norway
6061:Boyesen, Hjalmar Hjorth.
5328:10.1080/09592290903455741
4737:"Railway Statistics 2008"
4065:"Landnámabók (Sturlubók)"
3653:Norwegian Prime Minister
3621:Norwegian Prime Minister
3318:Norwegian Prime Minister
3188:was established in 1989.
2716:was established in 1936.
2167:was established in 1811.
1587:in the 980s. Erik's son,
7709:Administrative divisions
7555:Kingdom of Norway (1814)
6301:42.9 (2021): 2172–2188.
6141:(Feb 2022, 75#pp 181–20
6040:(Springer Nature, 2020).
5168:(1991) 50#2 pp. 171–190
4194:(in Norwegian Nynorsk).
3408:by the Norwegian gunman
3322:met with U.S. President
3276:Oslo Airport, Gardermoen
3195:and carried out a large
3005:Socialist People's Party
2701:Atlantic U-boat Campaign
2591:dissolution of the union
2550:the following year. The
2372:Midwestern United States
2177:Kingdom of Norway (1814)
2132:and the copper mines in
2104:and Trøndelag, with the
2065:Ulrik Fredrik Gyldenløve
1713:succession to the throne
1516:Petty kingdoms of Norway
1465:were well equipped, had
1330:was introduced from the
7825:Government Pension Fund
7009:History of Christianity
6243:15.3–4 (1990): 269–278.
6210:Perspectives on Science
6139:Economic History Review
6014:26 October 2021 at the
5780:"An Olympic Fairy Tale"
4773:"Norges Bank's history"
3687:Arctic policy of Norway
3549:Norwegian King Harald V
3417:2013 Storting elections
3398:Government Headquarters
3129:exclusive economic zone
3127:Norway established its
3045:University of Trondheim
2034:being ceded to Sweden.
1927:Archbishop of Trondheim
1652:was first attempted by
1603:Archaeological findings
1595:in ca. 1000, naming it
1564:for Western Norway and
1406:Archaeological findings
1249:, from which later the
1159:Scandinavian prehistory
1134:Germany occupied Norway
7130:Bosnia and Herzegovina
6833:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
6361:Malmø, Morten (1997).
6277:15.4 (1992): 307–328.
6151:68.2 (2020): 129–144.
3586:languishes during the
3504:(center) from Norway,
3410:Anders Behring Breivik
3404:camp at the island of
3340:Norwegian Armed Forces
3335:
3264:European Economic Area
3160:
3084:
3026:The completion of the
2991:
2794:
2729:Nygaardsvold's Cabinet
2684:
2595:dissolution referendum
2582:
2479:
2399:
2358:
2302:
2246:Constitution of Norway
2225:
2193:
2191:Constitution of Norway
2120:The entire period saw
2089:
1933:The Puppet State era (
1898:
1808:
1763:
1726:Icelandic Commonwealth
1717:Archdiocese of Nidaros
1642:
1519:
1444:
1222:
1110:Charles XIII of Sweden
389:Possession annexations
195:Military Establishment
70:
35:Scandinavian Peninsula
6913:Industrial Revolution
6401:The History of Norway
6350:(Nisus Publications).
6343:45.3 (2020): 263–285.
6299:Third World Quarterly
6287:37.2 (2012): 164–170.
6257:28.3 (2019): 409–421
6212:30.1 (2022): 77–107.
6204:47.5 (2018): 587–610.
6187:34.4 (2020): 410–424.
6063:The History of Norway
6047:35.3 (2020): 345–369
6045:Continuity and Change
6029:Further information:
5924:. 10 September 2013.
5097:(1995) pp 818–23
3553:Norwegian Queen Sonja
3524:, on 27 October 2003.
3506:Anders Fogh Rasmussen
3423:. A coalition of the
3402:Workers' Youth League
3396:saw an attack on the
3317:
3152:
3079:
3054:Rondane National Park
2986:
2938:had become the first
2893:Nordic Passport Union
2810:Further information:
2788:
2771:Further information:
2660:
2652:Amundsen's expedition
2576:
2563:Further information:
2469:
2380:
2353:
2308:Norwegian speciedaler
2292:
2223:
2206:Sweden invaded Norway
2188:
2073:
1978:in Oslo. In 1628 the
1897:Map of Denmark–Norway
1896:
1800:
1747:
1636:
1530:began the process of
1514:
1435:
1342:Further information:
1314:, were replaced with
1261:Further information:
1247:Indo-European dialect
1220:Rock carvings at Alta
1218:
1061:. Norway entered the
843:Scandinavian Airlines
658:Chronological history
67:Johann Baptist Homann
32:
8114:Romantic nationalism
7724:Correctional Service
7683:World Heritage Sites
6968:European debt crisis
6963:European integration
6903:Age of Enlightenment
6743:Republic of Florence
6382:Fenomenet Norsk Data
6318:Sejersted, Francis.
6250:4.2 (2006): 187–209.
6232:64.1 (2020): 94–115
6230:Medieval Archaeology
6202:History of Education
6194:57.1 (2022): 45–67.
6176:Kersaudy, Franöois.
6082:46.1 (2021): 63–83.
5855:. 28 December 2014.
5853:www.newsinenglish.no
5175:12 July 2023 at the
4161:Smithsonian Magazine
3741:World Economic Forum
3508:(second right) from
3502:Kjell Magne Bondevik
3456:Socialist Left Party
3350:in 2003, and in the
3320:Kjell Magne Bondevik
3300:1994 Winter Olympics
3247:, a manufacturer of
3221:built subsea tunnels
3122:High petroleum taxes
3049:University of Tromsø
2956:shared a land border
2929:1952 Winter Olympics
2905:University of Bergen
2830:National Unity Party
2682:the first expedition
2585:With the four-party
2533:compulsory education
2511:, thus establishing
2397:romantic nationalism
2345:romantic nationalism
2337:Local Committees Act
2329:Battle of the Square
2250:Parliament of Norway
2242:Constituent Assembly
2224:Map of Sweden–Norway
2077:between the frigate
2050:elevated himself to
1730:Age of the Sturlungs
1690:Battle of Stiklestad
1540:Battle of Hafrsfjord
1494:Kingdom of the Isles
1436:Reconstruction of a
1344:Iron Age Scandinavia
1204:north started using
1183:is evidenced by the
426:Contemporary history
329:Re-established state
207:Oversea colonization
201:Migration settlement
33:Homann's map of the
7351:States with limited
6933:Revolutions of 1848
6863:Early modern France
6644:Anglo-Saxon England
6549:Classical antiquity
6305:covers 2011 to 2019
6220:A history of Norway
6072:46.1 (2021): 1–20.
5985:. 20 January 2020.
5815:Ingebrigtsen, Roger
5786:on 12 December 2010
5080:Henry Goddard Leach
4914:"Polar Expeditions"
4753:on 22 November 2010
4101:. 15 October 2018.
3665:, on 27 April 2010.
3633:(second right) and
3584:Oslo Stock Exchange
3496:(second left) from
3454:, supported by the
3441:Christian Democrats
3266:and later also the
3176:planned to dam the
3087:Prospecting in the
2851:resistance movement
2806:Government in exile
2593:. In the following
2587:Michelsen's Cabinet
2028:Second Northern War
1923:Olav Engelbrektsson
1761:World Heritage Site
1617:Halden Municipality
1243:Corded Ware culture
1199:further south. The
1165:last glacial period
304:Council abolishment
286:Early modern period
8079:Norwegian language
7888:Telecommunications
7575:Reichskommissariat
7039:Crusading movement
6943:Russian Revolution
6778:Hundred Years' War
6674:Maritime republics
6577:Early Christianity
6567:Hellenistic period
6524:Paleolithic Europe
6185:Lutheran Quarterly
6120:(Routledge, 2015)
6116:Garau, Salvatore.
5892:top5ofanything.com
5817:(7 October 2011).
4924:on 29 October 2012
3629:(left), meet with
3425:Conservative Party
3344:War in Afghanistan
3336:
3258:was rejected in a
3182:Alta Power Station
3161:
3154:Alta Power Station
3139:Abortion on demand
3113:Alexander Kielland
3093:Phillips Petroleum
3085:
3064:was rejected in a
2992:
2966:Norway joined the
2917:State Housing Bank
2913:two aluminum works
2838:Norwegian Campaign
2797:From the start of
2795:
2791:Norwegian Campaign
2781:Norwegian Campaign
2763:, opened in 1937.
2733:three dependencies
2691:from 1905; during
2685:
2583:
2537:universal suffrage
2480:
2458:being introduced.
2400:
2382:Bridal Journey in
2359:
2341:municipal councils
2325:Baltzar von Platen
2303:
2262:Convention of Moss
2229:Christian Frederik
2226:
2194:
2165:University of Oslo
2157:Hans Nielsen Hauge
2143:Great Northern War
2090:
1899:
1883:Union with Denmark
1809:
1801:The Kalmar Union,
1764:
1643:
1520:
1445:
1251:Norwegian language
1223:
1098:Convention of Moss
1078:introduced in 1537
606:History by country
466:Nobility in Norway
401:Reichskommissariat
323:Late modern period
183:Hereditary kingdom
71:
8211:History of Norway
8198:
8197:
8165:
8164:
7984:language conflict
7916:
7915:
7863:Norwegian paradox
7797:
7796:
7779:Political parties
7739:Foreign relations
7691:
7690:
7452:
7451:
7047:
7046:
6973:COVID-19 pandemic
6918:French Revolution
6893:Habsburg monarchy
6873:Cossack Hetmanate
6853:Portuguese Empire
6843:Absolute monarchy
6838:Thirty Years' War
6733:Holy Roman Empire
6658:Bulgarian Empire
6617:Early Middle Ages
6534:Bronze Age Europe
6508:History of Europe
6449:978-82-92870-51-8
6410:978-82-8071-041-3
6391:978-82-00-21501-1
6372:978-82-91056-13-5
6363:Norge på vingene!
6308:Salmon, Patrick.
5084:(1965), p422-444.
3743:. 12 April 2017.
3641:, on 3 June 2009.
3448:Jonas Gahr Stoere
3363:Christmas holiday
3334:, on 27 May 2003.
3302:. The end of the
3294:were privatized.
3272:National Hospital
3095:found oil in the
3011:the Conservative
2940:secretary-general
2842:German occupation
2539:for men in 1889.
2531:, seven years of
2517:language conflict
2454:, along with the
2283:embedsmannsstaten
2211:Battle of Leipzig
2171:Union with Sweden
2012:Thirty Years' War
1988:Holy Roman Empire
1976:Akershus Fortress
1943:war of succession
1857:Oldenburg dynasty
1662:Battle of Svolder
1639:Kingdom of Norway
1263:Nordic Bronze Age
1082:absolute monarchy
1009:caused the first
975:history of Norway
971:
970:
525:
524:
491:Norway portal
456:Judaism in Norway
395:German occupation
374:Union dissolution
353:Language conflict
341:Union with Sweden
310:Absolute monarchy
152:Early Middle Ages
16:(Redirected from
8218:
8178:
8054:
8044:
7927:
7926:
7873:Renewable energy
7848:
7808:
7807:
7702:
7701:
7621:
7620:
7609:
7565:End of the union
7528:High Middle Ages
7479:
7472:
7465:
7456:
7455:
7389:Dependencies and
7088:Sovereign states
7074:
7067:
7060:
7051:
7050:
6908:Great Divergence
6823:Age of Discovery
6768:Late Middle Ages
6738:High Middle Ages
6649:Byzantine Empire
6632:Christianization
6622:Migration Period
6557:Classical Greece
6529:Neolithic Europe
6501:
6494:
6487:
6478:
6477:
6473:
6467:
6463:
6461:
6453:
6434:
6428:
6424:
6422:
6414:
6395:
6376:
6263:Midgaard, John.
6036:Almlid, Geir K.
6018:
6005:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5994:
5975:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5964:
5944:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5933:
5914:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5884:
5878:
5875:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5864:
5845:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5811:
5805:
5802:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5775:
5769:
5766:
5760:
5757:
5751:
5748:
5739:
5738:
5728:
5722:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5702:
5691:
5683:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5638:Transport Policy
5629:
5623:
5620:
5614:
5611:
5605:
5602:
5596:
5593:
5587:
5584:
5578:
5575:
5569:
5566:
5560:
5557:
5548:
5545:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5496:
5493:
5482:
5479:
5473:
5470:
5464:
5461:
5455:
5452:
5446:
5443:
5437:
5434:
5428:
5425:
5419:
5416:
5410:
5407:
5401:
5398:
5392:
5389:
5383:
5380:
5371:
5364:
5358:
5355:
5349:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5311:
5305:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5284:
5281:
5272:
5269:
5263:
5260:
5254:
5251:
5245:
5242:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5223:on 18 March 2012
5219:. Archived from
5209:
5203:
5200:
5191:
5188:
5179:
5166:Western Folklore
5162:
5156:
5153:
5147:
5144:
5138:
5135:
5129:
5126:
5120:
5117:
5111:
5104:
5098:
5091:
5085:
5074:
5068:
5065:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5039:
5033:
5030:
5024:
5021:
5015:
5012:
5006:
5003:
4997:
4994:
4988:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4970:
4967:
4961:
4958:
4952:
4949:
4943:
4940:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4920:. Archived from
4910:
4904:
4901:
4895:
4892:
4886:
4883:
4877:
4874:
4868:
4865:
4859:
4856:
4847:
4844:
4835:
4832:
4823:
4820:
4814:
4811:
4805:
4802:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4769:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4752:
4742:(in Norwegian).
4741:
4733:
4722:
4719:
4713:
4710:
4704:
4701:
4692:
4689:
4683:
4680:
4674:
4671:
4662:
4659:
4653:
4650:
4644:
4641:
4635:
4632:
4626:
4623:
4617:
4614:
4608:
4605:
4599:
4596:
4590:
4587:
4578:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4560:
4557:
4551:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4533:
4530:
4524:
4523:Derry pp.104–105
4521:
4515:
4512:
4506:
4503:
4497:
4494:
4488:
4485:
4479:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4461:
4458:
4449:
4446:
4440:
4437:
4431:
4428:
4422:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4390:
4384:
4381:
4375:
4372:
4366:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4348:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4330:
4327:
4321:
4318:
4312:
4309:
4298:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4280:
4277:
4271:
4268:
4262:
4259:
4253:
4250:
4244:
4241:
4235:
4232:
4226:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4203:
4183:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4155:McGreevy, Nora.
4152:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4061:
4055:
4052:
4046:
4043:
4037:
4034:
4025:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4007:
4004:
3995:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3972:. 9 March 2020.
3962:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3900:
3894:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3873:
3870:
3861:
3860:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3834:
3831:
3822:
3819:
3810:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3711:www.heritage.org
3703:
3655:Jens Stoltenberg
3650:
3639:Oslo Opera House
3627:Ingrid Schulerud
3623:Jens Stoltenberg
3618:
3603:Oslo Opera House
3599:
3580:
3545:
3533:
3481:
3421:Jens Stoltenberg
3371:Norwegian people
3352:Libyan Civil War
3233:Christiania Bank
3170:Alta controversy
3158:massive protests
3156:, built despite
3017:Borten's Cabinet
3009:Kings Bay Affair
2891:in 1952 and the
2856:German surrender
2789:Scenes from the
2697:The Neutral Ally
2636:women's suffrage
2611:hydroelectricity
2569:The Neutral Ally
2410:in 1851 and the
2395:, an example of
2321:Constitution Day
2301:during the 1880s
2148:Anglo-Dutch Wars
2075:Battle of Alvøen
1861:established 1450
1850:Victual Brothers
1813:Hanseatic League
1807:
1804:
1792:Council of State
1784:animal husbandry
1772:High Middle Ages
1757:Hanseatic League
1646:Christianization
1574:Fairhair dynasty
1383:Migration Period
1289:Uralic languages
1138:Second World War
1130:hydroelectricity
1059:Hanseatic League
1035:Christianization
1033:of the country.
1007:Migration Period
963:
956:
949:
936:
932:
931:
930:
922:
918:
917:
916:
908:
904:
903:
902:
894:
890:
889:
888:
880:
876:
875:
874:
866:
862:
861:
860:
828:Nordic countries
701:Christianization
686:Migration Period
550:
527:
526:
517:
510:
503:
489:
488:
487:
273:Treaty of Bergen
254:Late Middle Ages
227:High Middle Ages
213:Christianization
101:
91:
73:
72:
63:Northwest Russia
21:
8226:
8225:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8217:
8216:
8215:
8201:
8200:
8199:
8194:
8181:
8174:
8161:
8118:
8099:Public holidays
8052:
8042:
8015:
7912:
7846:
7793:
7714:National budget
7687:
7673:Protected areas
7610:
7601:
7580:Quisling regime
7489:
7483:
7453:
7448:
7432:
7390:
7384:
7370:Northern Cyprus
7352:
7346:
7262:North Macedonia
7083:
7078:
7048:
7043:
6982:
6948:Interwar period
6923:Napoleonic Wars
6787:
6758:Mongol invasion
6711:Crown of Aragon
6603:
6543:
6539:Iron Age Europe
6510:
6505:
6465:
6464:
6455:
6454:
6450:
6440:Norges historie
6426:
6425:
6416:
6415:
6411:
6392:
6373:
6357:
6218:Larsen, Karen.
6033:
6027:
6022:
6021:
6016:Wayback Machine
6006:
6002:
5992:
5990:
5977:
5976:
5972:
5962:
5960:
5945:
5941:
5931:
5929:
5916:
5915:
5911:
5901:
5899:
5886:
5885:
5881:
5876:
5872:
5862:
5860:
5847:
5846:
5842:
5832:
5830:
5812:
5808:
5803:
5799:
5789:
5787:
5776:
5772:
5767:
5763:
5758:
5754:
5749:
5742:
5730:
5729:
5725:
5720:
5716:
5706:
5704:
5700:
5689:
5685:
5684:
5677:
5667:
5665:
5630:
5626:
5621:
5617:
5612:
5608:
5603:
5599:
5594:
5590:
5585:
5581:
5576:
5572:
5567:
5563:
5558:
5551:
5546:
5542:
5532:
5530:
5515:
5511:
5506:
5499:
5494:
5485:
5480:
5476:
5471:
5467:
5462:
5458:
5453:
5449:
5444:
5440:
5435:
5431:
5426:
5422:
5417:
5413:
5408:
5404:
5399:
5395:
5390:
5386:
5381:
5374:
5365:
5361:
5356:
5352:
5347:
5343:
5312:
5308:
5303:
5299:
5294:
5287:
5282:
5275:
5270:
5266:
5261:
5257:
5252:
5248:
5243:
5236:
5226:
5224:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5201:
5194:
5189:
5182:
5177:Wayback Machine
5163:
5159:
5154:
5150:
5145:
5141:
5136:
5132:
5127:
5123:
5118:
5114:
5106:Johs Andenaes,
5105:
5101:
5092:
5088:
5075:
5071:
5066:
5062:
5052:
5050:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5031:
5027:
5022:
5018:
5013:
5009:
5004:
5000:
4995:
4991:
4986:
4982:
4977:
4973:
4968:
4964:
4959:
4955:
4950:
4946:
4941:
4937:
4927:
4925:
4912:
4911:
4907:
4902:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4884:
4880:
4875:
4871:
4866:
4862:
4857:
4850:
4845:
4838:
4833:
4826:
4821:
4817:
4812:
4808:
4803:
4796:
4786:
4784:
4771:
4770:
4766:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4739:
4735:
4734:
4725:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4707:
4702:
4695:
4690:
4686:
4681:
4677:
4672:
4665:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4647:
4642:
4638:
4633:
4629:
4624:
4620:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4602:
4597:
4593:
4588:
4581:
4576:
4572:
4567:
4563:
4558:
4554:
4549:
4545:
4540:
4536:
4531:
4527:
4522:
4518:
4513:
4509:
4504:
4500:
4495:
4491:
4486:
4482:
4477:
4473:
4468:
4464:
4459:
4452:
4447:
4443:
4438:
4434:
4429:
4425:
4420:
4416:
4406:
4404:
4391:
4387:
4382:
4378:
4373:
4369:
4364:
4360:
4356:Derry pp. 81–82
4355:
4351:
4346:
4342:
4338:Derry pp. 77–78
4337:
4333:
4328:
4324:
4319:
4315:
4310:
4301:
4296:
4292:
4287:
4283:
4278:
4274:
4269:
4265:
4260:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4229:
4224:
4220:
4215:
4211:
4201:
4199:
4184:
4180:
4170:
4168:
4153:
4149:
4139:
4137:
4122:
4118:
4108:
4106:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4053:
4049:
4044:
4040:
4035:
4028:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4010:
4005:
3998:
3993:
3989:
3979:
3977:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3949:
3947:
3932:
3928:
3918:
3916:
3901:
3897:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3876:
3871:
3864:
3853:
3849:
3844:
3837:
3832:
3825:
3820:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3792:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3750:
3748:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3705:
3704:
3700:
3695:
3673:
3666:
3659:Dmitry Medvedev
3651:
3642:
3619:
3610:
3600:
3591:
3581:
3572:
3559:U.S. President
3546:
3537:
3534:
3525:
3482:
3473:
3468:
3312:
3280:Gardermoen Line
3260:1994 referendum
3229:Den norske Bank
3186:Sami Parliament
3074:
3066:1972 referendum
2981:
2964:
2895:along with the
2883:, resulting in
2869:
2864:
2826:Vidkun Quisling
2823:
2821:Quisling regime
2814:
2808:
2783:
2777:Quisling regime
2769:
2757:Svalbard Treaty
2745:Queen Maud Land
2725:Communist Party
2705:interwar period
2640:Fridtjof Nansen
2581:in Oslo in 1912
2577:Industry along
2571:
2561:
2513:parliamentarism
2464:
2448:Norwegian krone
2436:merchant marine
2432:Navigation Acts
2389:Adolph Tidemand
2287:
2240:members of the
2198:Napoleonic Wars
2183:
2173:
2044:
2026:to Sweden. The
1955:imposed in 1537
1939:
1891:
1885:
1863:). There was a
1825:Olaf Haakonsson
1805:
1742:
1722:Håkon Håkonsson
1711:broke out over
1684:in traditional
1666:Olav Haraldsson
1658:Olav Tryggvason
1656:, and later by
1650:Norse mythology
1631:
1625:
1605:
1532:unifying Norway
1528:Harald Fairhair
1430:
1424:
1408:
1346:
1340:
1273:Trondheimsfjord
1265:
1259:
1201:Nøstvet culture
1161:
1155:
1122:Fridtjof Nansen
1094:war with Sweden
1049:and successive
967:
928:
926:
925:
914:
912:
911:
900:
898:
897:
886:
884:
883:
872:
870:
869:
858:
856:
855:
848:
847:
813:
805:
804:
803:
788:
781:
773:
772:
771:
747:
739:
738:
737:
728:Denmark–Iceland
655:
603:
593:
592:
591:
558:
521:
485:
483:
471:
470:
446:
438:
437:
427:
419:
418:
407:Quisling regime
324:
316:
315:
287:
279:
278:
256:
246:
245:
229:
219:
218:
154:
144:
143:
109:
108:Ancient history
89:
82:
61:, and parts of
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8224:
8214:
8213:
8196:
8195:
8193:
8192:
8187:
8180:
8179:
8171:
8170:
8167:
8166:
8163:
8162:
8160:
8159:
8157:Name of Norway
8154:
8149:
8148:
8147:
8137:
8132:
8126:
8124:
8120:
8119:
8117:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8046:
8036:
8031:
8025:
8023:
8017:
8016:
8014:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7987:
7986:
7976:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7934:Climate change
7930:
7924:
7918:
7917:
7914:
7913:
7911:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7878:Stock Exchange
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7811:
7805:
7799:
7798:
7795:
7794:
7792:
7791:
7786:
7784:Prime Minister
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7741:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7721:
7716:
7711:
7705:
7699:
7693:
7692:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7663:Municipalities
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7638:Extreme points
7635:
7630:
7624:
7618:
7612:
7611:
7604:
7602:
7600:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7588:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7550:Denmark–Norway
7547:
7542:
7541:
7540:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7513:Petty kingdoms
7510:
7505:
7499:
7497:
7491:
7490:
7488: articles
7482:
7481:
7474:
7467:
7459:
7450:
7449:
7447:
7446:
7444:European Union
7440:
7438:
7437:Other entities
7434:
7433:
7431:
7430:
7425:
7420:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7394:
7392:
7391:other entities
7386:
7385:
7383:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7356:
7354:
7348:
7347:
7345:
7344:
7339:
7337:United Kingdom
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7202:
7197:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7150:Czech Republic
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7091:
7089:
7085:
7084:
7077:
7076:
7069:
7062:
7054:
7045:
7044:
7042:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6990:
6988:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6960:
6955:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6898:Russian Empire
6895:
6890:
6888:British Empire
6885:
6883:Dutch Republic
6880:
6878:Swedish Empire
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6858:Spanish Empire
6855:
6850:
6848:Ottoman Empire
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6819:
6818:
6808:
6803:
6797:
6795:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6763:Serbian Empire
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6697:
6696:
6691:
6686:
6681:
6671:
6670:
6669:
6664:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6636:
6635:
6634:
6624:
6619:
6613:
6611:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6601:
6599:Late antiquity
6596:
6591:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6562:Roman Republic
6559:
6553:
6551:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6520:
6518:
6512:
6511:
6504:
6503:
6496:
6489:
6481:
6475:
6474:
6448:
6435:
6409:
6396:
6390:
6377:
6371:
6356:
6353:
6352:
6351:
6344:
6337:
6323:
6316:
6306:
6295:
6294:(1985): 12–26.
6288:
6281:
6271:
6261:
6251:
6244:
6237:
6226:
6216:
6205:
6198:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6169:Insall, Tony.
6167:
6157:
6156:
6155:
6135:
6131:(2021): 1–19.
6125:
6114:
6107:
6100:
6093:
6086:
6076:
6066:
6059:
6054:Anker, Peder.
6052:
6041:
6026:
6023:
6020:
6019:
6000:
5970:
5939:
5909:
5879:
5870:
5840:
5806:
5804:Stenersen: 176
5797:
5770:
5768:Stenersen: 175
5761:
5759:Stenersen: 172
5752:
5750:Stenersen: 174
5740:
5723:
5714:
5675:
5644:(5): 367–378.
5624:
5615:
5613:Stenersen: 171
5606:
5604:Stenersen: 168
5597:
5595:Stenersen: 167
5588:
5586:Stenersen: 165
5579:
5577:Stenersen: 164
5570:
5568:Stenersen: 173
5561:
5559:Stenersen: 162
5549:
5547:Stenersen: 159
5540:
5509:
5507:Stenersen: 158
5497:
5495:Stenersen: 156
5483:
5481:Stenersen: 155
5474:
5472:Stenersen: 152
5465:
5456:
5454:Stenersen: 151
5447:
5445:Stenersen: 149
5438:
5429:
5427:Stenersen: 163
5420:
5418:Stenersen: 147
5411:
5409:Stenersen: 146
5402:
5400:Stenersen: 148
5393:
5391:Stenersen: 142
5384:
5382:Stenersen: 145
5372:
5359:
5350:
5348:Stenersen: 141
5341:
5322:(4): 619–637.
5306:
5297:
5295:Stenersen: 140
5285:
5283:Stenersen: 138
5273:
5271:Stenersen: 135
5264:
5262:Stenersen: 137
5255:
5246:
5244:Stenersen: 134
5234:
5217:Nordic Council
5204:
5202:Stenersen: 143
5192:
5190:Stenersen: 130
5180:
5157:
5155:Stenersen: 127
5148:
5146:Stenersen: 125
5139:
5137:Stenersen: 124
5130:
5128:Stenersen: 122
5121:
5119:Stenersen: 121
5112:
5099:
5086:
5069:
5067:Stenersen: 117
5060:
5049:on 28 May 2014
5034:
5032:Stenersen: 116
5025:
5023:Stenersen: 113
5016:
5014:Stenersen: 111
5007:
5005:Stenersen: 110
4998:
4996:Stenersen: 107
4989:
4980:
4978:Stenersen: 106
4971:
4969:Stenersen: 104
4962:
4960:Stenersen: 103
4953:
4951:Stenersen: 102
4944:
4942:Stenersen: 101
4935:
4905:
4896:
4887:
4878:
4876:Stenersen: 100
4869:
4860:
4848:
4836:
4824:
4815:
4806:
4794:
4764:
4744:Jernbaneverket
4723:
4714:
4705:
4693:
4684:
4675:
4663:
4654:
4645:
4636:
4627:
4618:
4609:
4600:
4591:
4579:
4570:
4561:
4552:
4543:
4534:
4525:
4516:
4507:
4498:
4489:
4480:
4471:
4462:
4450:
4441:
4432:
4430:Derry pp.92–93
4423:
4421:Derry pp.91–92
4414:
4385:
4376:
4374:Derry pp.84–89
4367:
4365:Derry pp.83–84
4358:
4349:
4340:
4331:
4322:
4313:
4299:
4290:
4281:
4272:
4263:
4254:
4245:
4236:
4227:
4218:
4209:
4178:
4147:
4116:
4086:
4056:
4047:
4038:
4026:
4017:
4008:
3996:
3987:
3957:
3926:
3895:
3886:
3874:
3862:
3847:
3835:
3823:
3811:
3802:
3776:
3767:
3758:
3728:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3652:
3645:
3643:
3620:
3613:
3611:
3601:
3594:
3592:
3582:
3575:
3573:
3563:and his wife,
3561:George W. Bush
3547:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3528:
3526:
3518:Nordic Council
3486:Matti Vanhanen
3483:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3429:Progress Party
3324:George W. Bush
3311:
3308:
3256:European Union
3206:Progress Party
3193:1981 elections
3105:Saga Petroleum
3073:
3070:
3013:Lyng's Cabinet
2980:
2977:
2963:
2960:
2909:Norsk Jernverk
2889:Nordic Council
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2834:Josef Terboven
2822:
2819:
2807:
2804:
2768:
2765:
2741:Peter I Island
2721:Agrarian Party
2666:Helmer Hanssen
2662:Roald Amundsen
2644:Roald Amundsen
2560:
2557:
2509:prime minister
2505:Johan Sverdrup
2463:
2460:
2312:Bank of Norway
2286:
2279:
2266:personal union
2258:invaded Norway
2237:Eidsvoll Manor
2215:Treaty of Kiel
2172:
2169:
2102:Eastern Norway
2094:deserted farms
2043:
2036:
1980:Norwegian Army
1938:
1931:
1903:Denmark–Norway
1889:Denmark-Norway
1884:
1881:
1741:
1738:
1686:Norse paganism
1654:Håkon the Good
1624:
1621:
1604:
1601:
1591:, came across
1552:Håkon the Good
1524:petty kingdoms
1484:, Orkney, the
1478:Western Norway
1426:Main article:
1423:
1420:
1407:
1404:
1339:
1336:
1258:
1255:
1157:Main article:
1154:
1151:
1126:Roald Amundsen
1102:personal union
1086:Treaty of Kiel
1070:Denmark–Norway
969:
968:
966:
965:
958:
951:
943:
940:
939:
938:
937:
923:
909:
895:
881:
867:
850:
849:
846:
845:
840:
835:
833:Monetary Union
830:
825:
820:
814:
811:
810:
807:
806:
802:
801:
800:
799:
794:
782:
779:
778:
775:
774:
770:
769:
764:
759:
754:
748:
745:
744:
741:
740:
736:
735:
733:Nordic Council
730:
725:
720:
718:Denmark–Norway
715:
710:
705:
704:
703:
698:
688:
683:
682:
681:
676:
671:
654:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
604:
599:
598:
595:
594:
590:
589:
584:
579:
572:
565:
559:
556:
555:
552:
551:
543:
542:
536:
535:
523:
522:
520:
519:
512:
505:
497:
494:
493:
480:
479:
473:
472:
469:
468:
463:
458:
453:
447:
445:Related topics
444:
443:
440:
439:
436:
435:
428:
425:
424:
421:
420:
417:
416:
410:
404:
398:
392:
386:
377:
371:
362:
356:
350:
344:
338:
332:
325:
322:
321:
318:
317:
314:
313:
307:
301:
295:
292:Denmark–Norway
288:
285:
284:
281:
280:
277:
276:
270:
264:
257:
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
243:
237:
230:
225:
224:
221:
220:
217:
216:
210:
204:
198:
192:
189:Imperial realm
186:
180:
174:
168:
162:
159:Petty kingdoms
155:
150:
149:
146:
145:
142:
141:
135:
129:
123:
117:
110:
107:
106:
103:
102:
94:
93:
84:
83:
76:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8223:
8212:
8209:
8208:
8206:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8182:
8177:
8173:
8172:
8168:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8146:
8145:national flag
8143:
8142:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8127:
8125:
8121:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8051:
8047:
8045:
8041:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8022:
8018:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7985:
7982:
7981:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7969:Incarceration
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7954:Ethnic groups
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7931:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7919:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7853:National bank
7851:
7849:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7800:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7749:Incarceration
7747:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7710:
7707:
7706:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7694:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7625:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7613:
7608:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7572:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7560:Sweden–Norway
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7539:
7536:
7535:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7500:
7498:
7496:
7492:
7487:
7480:
7475:
7473:
7468:
7466:
7461:
7460:
7457:
7445:
7442:
7441:
7439:
7435:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7403:Faroe Islands
7401:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7387:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7375:South Ossetia
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7357:
7355:
7349:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7222:Liechtenstein
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7086:
7082:
7075:
7070:
7068:
7063:
7061:
7056:
7055:
7052:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6994:Art of Europe
6992:
6991:
6989:
6985:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6959:
6956:
6954:
6951:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6817:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6793:Modern period
6790:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6728:
6724:
6720:
6716:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6677:
6676:
6675:
6672:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6659:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6637:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6610:
6606:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6550:
6546:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6517:
6513:
6509:
6502:
6497:
6495:
6490:
6488:
6483:
6482:
6479:
6471:
6459:
6451:
6445:
6441:
6436:
6432:
6420:
6412:
6406:
6402:
6397:
6393:
6387:
6383:
6378:
6374:
6368:
6364:
6359:
6358:
6349:
6345:
6342:
6338:
6336:
6335:9788250418523
6332:
6328:
6324:
6321:
6317:
6315:
6311:
6307:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6293:
6289:
6286:
6282:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6270:
6266:
6262:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6249:
6245:
6242:
6238:
6235:
6231:
6227:
6225:
6221:
6217:
6215:
6211:
6206:
6203:
6199:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6186:
6182:
6179:
6175:
6172:
6168:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6146:
6145:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6134:
6130:
6126:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6112:
6111:History Today
6108:
6106:(Brill, 2019)
6105:
6102:Evju, Håkon.
6101:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6087:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6075:
6071:
6067:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6053:
6050:
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5889:
5883:
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5850:
5844:
5828:
5824:
5823:Government.no
5820:
5816:
5810:
5801:
5785:
5781:
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5765:
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5747:
5745:
5736:
5735:
5727:
5718:
5699:
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5688:
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5659:
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5643:
5639:
5635:
5628:
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5610:
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5554:
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5520:
5513:
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5502:
5492:
5490:
5488:
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5469:
5460:
5451:
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5433:
5424:
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5369:
5363:
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5337:
5333:
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5325:
5321:
5317:
5310:
5301:
5292:
5290:
5280:
5278:
5268:
5259:
5250:
5241:
5239:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5208:
5199:
5197:
5187:
5185:
5178:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5161:
5152:
5143:
5134:
5125:
5116:
5109:
5103:
5096:
5090:
5083:
5081:
5073:
5064:
5048:
5044:
5038:
5029:
5020:
5011:
5002:
4993:
4984:
4975:
4966:
4957:
4948:
4939:
4923:
4919:
4915:
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4900:
4891:
4882:
4873:
4867:Stenersen: 97
4864:
4858:Stenersen: 93
4855:
4853:
4846:Stenersen: 95
4843:
4841:
4834:Stenersen: 92
4831:
4829:
4822:Stenersen: 91
4819:
4813:Stenersen: 90
4810:
4801:
4799:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4768:
4749:
4745:
4738:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4721:Stenersen: 86
4718:
4712:Stenersen: 89
4709:
4703:Stenersen: 83
4700:
4698:
4691:Stenersen: 85
4688:
4682:Stenersen: 84
4679:
4673:Stenersen: 82
4670:
4668:
4661:Stenersen: 81
4658:
4652:Stenersen: 80
4649:
4643:Stenersen: 79
4640:
4634:Stenersen: 78
4631:
4625:Stenersen: 77
4622:
4616:Stenersen: 75
4613:
4607:Stenersen: 74
4604:
4598:Stenersen: 72
4595:
4589:Stenersen: 71
4586:
4584:
4577:Stenersen: 69
4574:
4568:Stenersen: 68
4565:
4556:
4550:Stenersen: 64
4547:
4541:Stenersen: 62
4538:
4529:
4520:
4514:Stenersen: 61
4511:
4505:Stenersen: 60
4502:
4496:Stenersen: 59
4493:
4487:Stenersen: 58
4484:
4478:Stenersen: 57
4475:
4466:
4460:Stenersen: 56
4457:
4455:
4445:
4439:Stenersen: 53
4436:
4427:
4418:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4389:
4383:Stenersen: 50
4380:
4371:
4362:
4353:
4344:
4335:
4326:
4320:Stenersen: 46
4317:
4311:Stenersen: 45
4308:
4306:
4304:
4297:Stenersen: 44
4294:
4288:Stenersen: 41
4285:
4279:Stenersen: 37
4276:
4270:Stenersen: 39
4267:
4261:Stenersen: 38
4258:
4252:Stenersen: 36
4249:
4243:Stenersen: 34
4240:
4234:Stenersen: 33
4231:
4225:Stenersen: 31
4222:
4216:Stenersen: 29
4213:
4197:
4193:
4192:Regjeringa.no
4189:
4182:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4151:
4135:
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4127:
4120:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4074:
4070:
4069:www.snerpa.is
4066:
4060:
4054:Stenersen: 28
4051:
4045:Stenersen: 25
4042:
4036:Stenersen: 27
4033:
4031:
4024:Stenersen: 24
4021:
4015:Stenersen: 23
4012:
4006:Stenersen: 20
4003:
4001:
3994:Stenersen: 19
3991:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3930:
3914:
3910:
3906:
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3893:Stenersen: 17
3890:
3884:Stenersen: 16
3881:
3879:
3872:Stenersen: 15
3869:
3867:
3858:
3851:
3845:Stenersen: 12
3842:
3840:
3833:Stenersen: 11
3830:
3828:
3821:Stenersen: 10
3818:
3816:
3806:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3771:
3762:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3702:
3698:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3635:Melinda Gates
3632:
3628:
3624:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3555:, greeted by
3554:
3550:
3544:
3539:
3532:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3514:Göran Persson
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3494:Davíð Oddsson
3491:
3487:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3359:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3268:Schengen Area
3265:
3261:
3257:
3252:
3250:
3249:minicomputers
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3159:
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3151:
3147:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3082:
3078:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3028:Nordland Line
3024:
3022:
3021:1965 election
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2989:
2985:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2968:Marshall Plan
2962:Marshall Plan
2959:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2897:metric system
2894:
2890:
2887:in 1946, the
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2859:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2847:Supreme Court
2843:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2818:
2813:
2803:
2800:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2674:Oscar Wisting
2671:
2670:Sverre Hassel
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2648:Otto Sverdrup
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
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2575:
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2545:
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2534:
2530:
2527:, introduced
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2493:Conservatives
2490:
2486:
2485:1882 election
2477:
2473:
2468:
2459:
2457:
2456:metric system
2453:
2452:gold standard
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2408:Mortgage Bank
2405:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2379:
2375:
2373:
2368:
2367:Marcus Thrane
2364:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2333:1832 election
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2300:
2297:at Fossum in
2296:
2291:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2213:in 1813, the
2212:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2181:Sweden-Norway
2178:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2048:Frederick III
2041:
2040:enevoldstiden
2035:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2008:Varangerfjord
2005:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1915:Martin Luther
1912:
1908:
1904:
1895:
1890:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1777:In 1349, the
1775:
1773:
1769:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1709:civil war era
1705:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
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1582:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1536:Earls of Lade
1533:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1486:Faroe Islands
1483:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1439:
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1413:
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1388:
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1379:
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1373:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
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1264:
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1252:
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1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1197:Fosna culture
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:Komsa culture
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
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1119:
1113:
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1107:
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1083:
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1075:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1029:also saw the
1028:
1024:
1020:
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1015:British Isles
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
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976:
964:
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957:
952:
950:
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941:
935:
924:
921:
910:
907:
896:
893:
882:
879:
878:Faroe Islands
868:
865:
854:
853:
852:
851:
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841:
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838:Defence Union
836:
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821:
819:
816:
815:
809:
808:
798:
795:
793:
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789:
787:
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760:
758:
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750:
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724:
723:Sweden–Norway
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
702:
699:
697:
694:
693:
692:
689:
687:
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680:
677:
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670:
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666:
665:
662:
661:
660:
659:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
621:Faroe Islands
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
608:
607:
602:
597:
596:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
577:
573:
571:
570:
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564:
561:
560:
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545:
544:
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538:
537:
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529:
528:
518:
513:
511:
506:
504:
499:
498:
496:
495:
492:
482:
481:
478:
475:
474:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
448:
442:
441:
433:
430:
429:
423:
422:
414:
411:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
326:
320:
319:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
289:
283:
282:
274:
271:
268:
265:
262:
259:
258:
255:
250:
249:
241:
238:
235:
232:
231:
228:
223:
222:
214:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:Establishment
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
161:Unknown–11thC
160:
157:
156:
153:
148:
147:
139:
138:Migration Age
136:
134:500 BC–800 AD
133:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
105:
104:
100:
96:
95:
92:
86:
85:
80:
75:
74:
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60:
56:
52:
51:Baltic region
48:
44:
40:
36:
31:
27:
19:
8135:Coat of arms
8094:Prostitution
8049:
8039:
8029:Architecture
7944:Demographics
7898:Trade unions
7858:Nordic model
7719:Constitution
7597:21st century
7570:World War II
7545:Kalmar Union
7494:
7380:Transnistria
7342:Vatican City
7266:
6953:World War II
6806:Early modern
6783:Kalmar Union
6654:Papal States
6572:Roman Empire
6439:
6400:
6381:
6362:
6355:In Norwegian
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6177:
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6096:
6089:
6088:Derry, T.K.
6079:
6069:
6062:
6055:
6044:
6037:
6025:Bibliography
6003:
5991:. Retrieved
5982:
5973:
5961:. Retrieved
5952:
5942:
5930:. Retrieved
5921:
5912:
5900:. Retrieved
5891:
5882:
5877:Thuesen: 444
5873:
5861:. Retrieved
5852:
5843:
5831:. Retrieved
5809:
5800:
5788:. Retrieved
5784:the original
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5705:. Retrieved
5666:. Retrieved
5641:
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5627:
5622:Thuesen: 394
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5531:. Retrieved
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5221:the original
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4987:Thuesen: 300
4983:
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4922:the original
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4894:Thuesen: 252
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4881:
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4809:
4804:Thuesen: 224
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4448:Derry p. 100
4444:
4435:
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4417:
4405:. Retrieved
4395:
4388:
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4370:
4361:
4352:
4343:
4334:
4325:
4316:
4293:
4284:
4275:
4266:
4257:
4248:
4239:
4230:
4221:
4212:
4200:. Retrieved
4191:
4181:
4169:. Retrieved
4160:
4150:
4138:. Retrieved
4130:ScienceAlert
4129:
4119:
4107:. Retrieved
4099:the Guardian
4098:
4089:
4079:14 September
4077:. Retrieved
4068:
4059:
4050:
4041:
4020:
4011:
3990:
3978:. Retrieved
3969:
3960:
3948:. Retrieved
3939:
3929:
3917:. Retrieved
3908:
3898:
3889:
3856:
3850:
3809:Stenersen: 9
3805:
3793:. Retrieved
3779:
3774:Stenersen: 8
3770:
3765:Stenersen: 7
3761:
3749:. Retrieved
3740:
3731:
3719:. Retrieved
3710:
3701:
3488:(left) from
3452:Centre Party
3445:
3437:Erna Solberg
3414:
3400:in Oslo and
3394:2011 attacks
3391:
3360:
3337:
3310:21st century
3253:
3241:nationalized
3217:Vardø Tunnel
3214:
3202:Kåre Willoch
3197:deregulation
3190:
3162:
3144:Fish farming
3126:
3086:
3083:oil platform
3025:
2993:
2979:1950 to 1972
2965:
2933:
2881:Scandinavism
2870:
2824:
2815:
2799:World War II
2796:
2767:World War II
2755:through the
2718:
2686:
2599:a plebiscite
2584:
2559:Independence
2541:
2481:
2401:
2381:
2360:
2304:
2282:
2275:Charles XIII
2227:
2195:
2159:started the
2153:
2122:mercantilism
2119:
2115:Confirmation
2110:
2091:
2080:
2045:
2039:
2015:
1997:
1984:
1951:puppet state
1940:
1935:lydriketiden
1934:
1900:
1873:Christian II
1869:Knut Alvsson
1854:
1841:
1833:Kalmar Union
1810:
1776:
1765:
1734:
1706:
1679:
1676:heathen hofs
1669:
1644:
1606:
1593:Newfoundland
1589:Leif Ericson
1581:Erik the Red
1578:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1521:
1496:. Norwegian
1475:
1461:
1459:techniques.
1446:
1409:
1380:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1297:
1266:
1224:
1162:
1147:
1114:
1090:constitution
1067:
1063:Kalmar Union
1000:
974:
972:
823:Scandinavism
786:Nordic model
708:Kalmar Union
657:
656:
640:
605:
574:
567:
461:LGBT history
432:Oil industry
383:independence
335:Constitution
267:Kalmar Union
87:
39:Fennoscandia
26:
8109:Nationalism
7964:Immigration
7840:Natural gas
7754:LGBT rights
7744:Governments
7523:Unification
7418:Isle of Man
7353:recognition
7322:Switzerland
7257:Netherlands
6938:World War I
6928:Nationalism
6816:Reformation
6801:Renaissance
6773:Black Death
6706:Kievan Rus'
6609:Middle Ages
6466:|work=
6427:|work=
6178:Norway 1940
5902:26 February
5863:13 December
5833:20 November
5790:11 December
5734:Aftenposten
5707:20 November
5227:20 November
4928:20 November
4918:Fram Museum
4787:20 November
4777:Norges Bank
4532:Derry p.114
4469:Derry p.102
3663:Barents Sea
3569:White House
3520:Session in
3332:White House
3328:Oval Office
3298:hosted the
3296:Lillehammer
3215:The subsea
3134:Barents Sea
3041:ferroalloys
2693:World War I
2628:Bergen Line
2624:Sydvaranger
2620:Norsk Hydro
2552:Labor Party
2293:Harvesting
2271:Christiania
2106:smallholder
1919:Reformation
1911:Frederick I
1837:a rebellion
1806: 1400
1779:Black Death
1623:Middle Ages
1449:Lindisfarne
1416:Jotunheimen
1398:across the
1368:mercenaries
1328:ironworking
1293:Sami people
1253:developed.
1210:earthenware
1074:Reformation
1047:Black Death
1043:archdiocese
1031:unification
984:Gulf Stream
540:Scandinavia
368:exploration
298:Reformation
261:Black Death
234:Middle Ages
171:Unification
128:1700–500 BC
122:Pre 1700 BC
88:History of
45:, northern
18:Stattholder
8084:Literature
8043:(clothing)
7991:Norwegians
7974:Irreligion
7847:(currency)
7769:Parliament
7518:Viking Age
7508:Bronze Age
7292:San Marino
7252:Montenegro
7232:Luxembourg
7212:Kazakhstan
7115:Azerbaijan
6701:Viking Age
6516:Prehistory
5721:Steine: 16
5668:27 October
4347:Derry p.77
4329:Derry p.75
4202:1 February
4171:1 February
4140:1 February
4109:1 February
3940:GlacierHub
3693:References
3607:Fjord City
3565:Laura Bush
3471:2000s-2010
3367:Boxing Day
3245:Norsk Data
3237:Fokus Bank
3225:toll rings
3210:crime rate
3178:Alta River
3036:Oslo Metro
2936:Trygve Lie
2925:Postbanken
2747:, annexed
2689:neutrality
2603:Haakon VII
2497:impeaching
2472:Røros Line
2440:Røros Line
2420:Trunk Line
2387:(1848) by
2256:of Sweden
2254:Carl Johan
2202:Royal Navy
2175:See also:
2056:hereditary
2024:Härjedalen
2004:Tysfjorden
2000:Kalmar War
1907:Copenhagen
1887:See also:
1829:Margaret I
1768:Golden Age
1627:See also:
1566:Frostating
1467:chain mail
1457:navigation
1428:Viking Age
1422:Viking Age
1372:chieftains
1153:Prehistory
1041:became an
1027:Viking Age
1017:and later
1011:chieftains
762:Baltic Sea
691:Viking Age
674:Bronze Age
664:Prehistory
347:Emigration
165:Viking Age
126:Bronze Age
114:Prehistory
8069:Jante law
8050:Christmas
7979:Languages
7949:Education
7903:Transport
7820:Fisheries
7734:Elections
7658:Mountains
7633:Districts
7616:Geography
7592:1945–2000
7503:Stone Age
7408:Gibraltar
7227:Lithuania
6748:Feudalism
6719:Catalonia
6468:ignored (
6458:cite book
6429:ignored (
6419:cite book
5932:30 August
5658:0967-070X
5463:Malmø: 67
5357:Malmø: 66
5336:153680303
5053:21 August
4757:28 August
3970:Curiosmos
3795:21 August
3358:in 1999.
3346:in 2001,
3292:Kongsberg
3174:Statkraft
3118:Stavanger
3089:North Sea
3081:Statfjord
2988:Trondheim
2901:rationing
2867:1945–1950
2761:Stavanger
2749:Jan Mayen
2737:Bouvetøya
2709:deflation
2676:(l–r) at
2579:Akerselva
2428:cellulose
2424:wood pulp
2416:steamship
2393:Hans Gude
2384:Hardanger
2233:Trondheim
2138:dried cod
2130:Kongsberg
2079:HMS
1992:Amsterdam
1963:Norwegian
1947:Christian
1913:favoured
1702:Trondheim
1694:sainthood
1664:in 1000.
1585:Greenland
1570:Trøndelag
1438:longhouse
1400:North Sea
1396:soapstone
1227:Oslofjord
1181:Stone Age
1118:dissolved
1023:Greenland
1003:Neolithic
996:Trøndelag
992:Oslofjord
818:Languages
767:North Sea
757:Peninsula
752:Mountains
746:Geography
669:Stone Age
631:Greenland
557:Countries
415:1945–1991
409:1942–1945
403:1940–1945
397:1940–1945
391:1920–1939
385:1905–1940
370:1892–2008
361:19th–1922
349:19th–20th
343:1814–1905
294:1524–1814
269:1397–1523
263:1349–1353
242:1130–1240
240:Civil War
236:1000–16th
209:9th–14thC
203:9th–12thC
191:9thC–1814
185:9thC–1397
167:8th–11thC
120:Stone Age
8205:Category
8185:Category
8053:(season)
8006:Religion
7996:Pensions
7883:Taxation
7830:Industry
7764:Monarchy
7759:Military
7697:Politics
7428:Svalbard
7413:Guernsey
7360:Abkhazia
7307:Slovenia
7302:Slovakia
7277:Portugal
7135:Bulgaria
6987:See also
6958:Cold War
6753:Crusades
6723:Valencia
6214:abstract
6012:Archived
6010:US News
5987:Archived
5957:Archived
5926:Archived
5922:BBC News
5896:Archived
5857:Archived
5827:Archived
5698:Archived
5696:. 2003.
5662:Archived
5533:27 April
5527:Archived
5173:Archived
5170:in JSTOR
4781:Archived
4401:Archived
4196:Archived
4165:Archived
4134:Archived
4103:Archived
4073:Archived
3980:25 March
3974:Archived
3950:25 March
3944:Archived
3919:25 March
3913:Archived
3789:Archived
3745:Archived
3715:Archived
3671:See also
3460:election
3427:and the
3348:Iraq War
3304:Cold War
3239:, to be
3166:Pakistan
3047:and the
3019:won the
2972:New Deal
2753:Svalbard
2607:sick pay
2525:Landsmål
2501:Oscar II
2489:Liberals
2476:Holtålen
2474:through
2317:ratified
2061:counties
2052:absolute
2032:Bohuslän
2020:Jämtland
1968:sheriffs
1562:Gulating
1490:Hebrides
1488:and the
1482:Shetland
1453:longship
1387:Germanic
1195:and the
1193:Finnmark
1177:Magerøya
1145:crisis.
1106:Storting
988:reindeer
696:Norsemen
679:Iron Age
646:Scotland
532:a series
530:Part of
477:Timeline
413:Cold War
380:Interwar
215:975–1000
173:860–1029
132:Iron Age
79:a series
77:Part of
8176:Outline
8123:Symbols
8064:Cuisine
8021:Culture
8001:Poverty
7922:Society
7908:Whaling
7893:Tourism
7803:Economy
7653:Mammals
7643:Islands
7628:Climate
7495:History
7332:Ukraine
7282:Romania
7242:Moldova
7200:Ireland
7195:Iceland
7190:Hungary
7180:Germany
7175:Georgia
7165:Finland
7160:Estonia
7155:Denmark
7140:Croatia
7125:Belgium
7120:Belarus
7110:Austria
7105:Armenia
7100:Andorra
7095:Albania
6828:Baroque
6727:Majorca
6639:Francia
6314:excerpt
6312:(2002)
6267:(1963)
6143:excerpt
5963:5 March
5953:Reuters
5523:Reuters
3751:25 June
3721:25 June
3567:at the
3510:Denmark
3498:Iceland
3490:Finland
3466:Gallery
3415:In the
3387:Sumatra
3381:by the
3326:at the
3288:Telenor
3284:Statoil
3109:blowout
3101:Statoil
3097:Ekofisk
3072:Oil Age
2990:in 1965
2877:treason
2862:Postwar
2793:in 1940
2678:Polheim
2601:became
2521:Riksmål
2478:in 1877
2450:with a
2363:embargo
2299:Jølster
2161:Haugean
2126:tariffs
2088:in 1808
1972:viceroy
1909:. King
1749:Bryggen
1700:(today
1698:Nidaros
1613:Gokstad
1609:Oseberg
1597:Vinland
1579:Led by
1546:Iceland
1498:Vikings
1471:thralls
1463:Vikings
1442:Lofoten
1285:Jutland
1208:tools,
1173:nomadic
1169:sealing
1051:plagues
1039:Nidaros
1019:Iceland
906:Iceland
892:Finland
864:Denmark
812:Related
792:Finland
780:Economy
636:Iceland
626:Finland
616:Denmark
601:History
576:Iceland
569:Finland
563:Denmark
59:Belarus
55:Livonia
43:Germany
8190:Portal
8152:Mottos
8130:Anthem
8059:Cinema
7959:Health
7845:Krone
7835:Mining
7815:Energy
7774:Police
7729:Courts
7678:Rivers
7668:Cities
7486:Norway
7423:Jersey
7365:Kosovo
7327:Turkey
7317:Sweden
7297:Serbia
7287:Russia
7272:Poland
7267:Norway
7247:Monaco
7217:Latvia
7185:Greece
7170:France
7145:Cyprus
6715:Aragon
6694:Amalfi
6679:Venice
6667:Second
6446:
6407:
6388:
6369:
6333:
6303:online
6279:online
6269:online
6259:online
6234:online
6224:online
6196:online
6165:online
6153:online
6133:online
6122:online
6084:online
6074:online
6065:(2011)
6049:online
5656:
5334:
5110:(1966)
4407:1 June
3512:, and
3212:rose.
3043:. The
2919:, the
2779:, and
2626:. The
2529:juries
2098:Crofts
2086:Bergen
2081:Tartar
1959:Danish
1867:under
1865:revolt
1845:Lübeck
1831:, the
1821:Bergen
1788:tithes
1753:Bergen
1696:, and
1671:things
1557:things
1518:c. 872
1506:Gaelic
1502:Dublin
1412:Norway
1391:plague
1324:spruce
1235:barley
1072:. The
1055:Bergen
1025:. The
980:Norway
934:Sweden
920:Norway
797:Sweden
713:Sweden
651:Sweden
641:Norway
587:Sweden
582:Norway
140:21–700
90:Norway
81:on the
49:, the
47:Poland
8140:Flags
8104:Sport
8089:Media
8074:Music
8040:Bunad
8011:Women
7939:Crime
7648:Lakes
7398:Åland
7312:Spain
7237:Malta
7207:Italy
6684:Genoa
6662:First
5993:3 May
5701:(PDF)
5690:(PDF)
5332:S2CID
4751:(PDF)
4740:(PDF)
3406:Utøya
3375:South
2616:Elkem
2355:Røros
2134:Røros
2046:King
1681:Goðar
1364:runes
1356:thing
1332:Celts
1316:birch
1281:Jæren
1277:Mjøsa
1206:slate
1189:Troms
611:Åland
434:1966–
365:Polar
355:19th–
6689:Pisa
6470:help
6444:ISBN
6431:help
6405:ISBN
6386:ISBN
6367:ISBN
6331:ISBN
5995:2023
5965:2021
5934:2022
5904:2022
5865:2021
5835:2012
5792:2010
5709:2012
5670:2022
5654:ISSN
5535:2010
5229:2012
5055:2014
4930:2012
4789:2012
4759:2010
4409:2018
4204:2021
4173:2021
4142:2021
4111:2021
4081:2017
3982:2020
3952:2020
3921:2020
3797:2014
3753:2018
3723:2018
3631:Bill
3551:and
3522:Oslo
3392:The
3385:off
3365:and
3338:The
3290:and
3274:and
3235:and
3032:Bodø
2923:and
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2054:and
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2006:and
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1811:The
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1568:for
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1351:clan
1322:and
1320:pine
1310:and
1304:lime
1279:and
1269:ards
1239:Alta
1231:oats
1191:and
1142:NATO
1124:and
1080:and
1076:was
1021:and
1001:The
973:The
376:1905
337:1814
331:1814
312:1661
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300:1537
275:1450
197:9thC
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8034:Art
7868:Oil
5646:doi
5324:doi
3909:CNN
3330:in
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