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369:). The middle tower was built around 1200. Both the south and the middle towers were destroyed by fire in the Thirty Years' War, when the city was under occupation by the Swedes. They were rebuilt in 1648, the clock being added to the south tower at that time, but the middle tower was demolished in 1784 after being almost destroyed by the ice dam. The north tower (the Black Tower), was probably built in the second half of the 12th century, in association with the bridge itself. It was heavily fortified between 1383 and 1429, including a drawbridge. This tower was damaged in 1809 during the
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cross the bridge. The Devil helped as requested, and the bridge was finished first. But the bridge builder sent a rooster, a hen and a dog across the bridge first. A statue of a falling man on the cathedral is said to represent the master throwing himself off in reaction. Enraged, the Devil attempted to destroy the bridge, but failed, but that is why it is bent. In fact the bridge was already complete when construction began on the cathedral in 1273.
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provide, this stretch of the river is now only used by recreational and excursion shipping. Larger watercraft bypass it to the north by means of the
Regensburg Regen-Danube Canal, which was built on the flood plain called the Protzenweiher which had been used for a cattle market and public amusements and forms part of the European Water Route between
321:
Middle Ages. The bridge was originally 336 metres (1,102 ft) long; the building in of the first pier reduced it to 308.7 metres (1,013 ft). The southern, Old Town end of the bridge is half a metre lower than the northern, Stadtamhof end, and the bridge bends slightly because of the course of the river at that point.
475:
beginning in 2005 it was remotely monitored 24 hours a day from
Nuremberg for signs of impending collapse. On the evening of 1 August 2008 it was also closed to buses and taxis and became a pedestrian and bicycle bridge. This was because of a report that the balustrades would be insufficient to stop a bus.
457:
mask and a Roman sculpture of a winged lion on the middle tower. The roosters and the dog have been related to the legend about the building of the bridge; alternatively the
Bruckmandl, the basilisk, the dog, the three heads and a now lost "small stone within a large stone" which was in the floor of
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in 1809. It causes strong currents which required upstream shipping with insufficient power to be towed past it until 1916, when an electric system was installed to draw ships under the bridge. This was removed in 1964. Since modern barge traffic requires more clearance than the arches of the bridge
474:
The bridge and the cathedral are the two major emblems of the city. However, the bridge has been seriously damaged by heavy traffic in recent decades and by water and salt damage from poor drainage and lack of sealing of the masonry. For over a decade, the bridge was closed to private vehicles, and
364:
The bridge originally had three towers, of which only the south tower, a gate tower to the Old City, survives. The original south tower was built around 1300; beside it stood a chapel of St
Margaret. In the mid-16th century this was converted into a debtors' prison and the tower became known as the
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Construction of the bridge was made easier by an unusually hot, dry summer in 1135, which caused very low water levels in the Danube. Some of the bridge piers are on the two islands in the Danube within the city, the Upper and Lower Wöhrd. The others rest on foundations of oak logs on the riverbed,
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with 16 arches. At the south end, the first arch and first pier were incorporated into the
Regensburg Salt Store when it was built in 1616–20, but remain in place under the approach road to the bridge. An archaeological investigation was performed in 2009, and revealed fire damage during the
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to represent the cathedral builder. He was originally seated on the roof of a mill, and now sits on the bridge itself on the roof of a miniature toll-house. The current version is the third. The original was replaced in 1579; the current statue was erected on 23 April 1854. The 1579 statue, which
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builder (who were apprentice and master) had a bet as to who would finish first. When the building of the cathedral progressed faster than that of the bridge, the bridge builder made a pact with the Devil: the Devil would aid him in exchange for the first three souls (or the first eight feet) to
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of oak planking. To protect them from being undermined by the river, they are surrounded by pillar-shaped artificial islands or abutments; these were enlarged in 1687. The bridge abutments are a substantial impediment to the flow of water, with as little as 4 metres between them, creating strong
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The bridge has been under restoration since 2010; completion was originally expected in 2014 but is now expected in 2017 at the earliest. Temporary bridges are being used to enable the over 120,000 annual users of the bridge to bypass the section being rebuilt. The State of
Bavaria conducted a
334:". Five of them were reduced in size in 1848 as part of construction of the Ludwig Canal, and they were all reduced and strengthened with concrete and stone during renovation work in 1951–62. The construction using abutments is a modification of the technique used by the Romans for the
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was built, all buildings between the remaining tower and the Amberg Salt Store were removed, widening the street approaching the bridge, and a wide arch was built over it beside the tower. Late in the Second World War, on 23 April 1945, German troops dynamited the second pier of the bridge
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In the Thirty Years' War, during the
Swedish attack on the city in 1633, the fourth bridge span (the third now visible) was blown up. The gap was filled by a wooden drawbridge and only repaired in 1790/91 after it became apparent that the missing section was weakening the bridge.
445:(both enthroned and originally on the middle tower; Philip's sculpture is a replica) and reliefs including various arms (including both the city and the bridge itself), heads that may be those of the original builder and the rebuilders later in the Middle Ages, a lizard, a
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to find appropriate stone to use in restoration, similar in colour and structure to the original material of the bridge and sufficiently tough and resistant to weathering. A satisfactory kind of sandstone was eventually found in an abandoned quarry near
421:" (likely a reference to the hot summer when the bridge was begun). He has been said to symbolise the city's freedoms and its emancipation from the control of the Bishop. He has also been said to represent the bridge builder, and another figure on the
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The bridge originally had thick stone balustrades, with very narrow pedestrian gangways beside them. The balustrades were replaced in 1732 with thinner slabs of sandstone, widening the roadway. In 1877 these were in turn replaced with granite from
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had a wooden bridge built at
Regensburg, approximately 100 metres (330 ft) east of the present bridge, but it was inadequate for the traffic and vulnerable to floods, so it was decided to replace it with a stone bridge.
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immediately in front of that point, and also the eleventh, to slow the advance of
American troops. The Americans installed temporary planking the following winter, but the damage was not fully repaired until 1967.
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east of the Salt Store was built against the city wall in the 14th century; an earlier building on the same site probably served as a canteen for the workers building the bridge. Further east is the
643:"Votre grand pont est très désavantageusement construit pour la navigation", quoted in Jörg Traeger, "Die Spur Napoleons in der Kunst—Bilder aus Bayern" in Eva Dewes and Sandra Duhem, eds.,
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Watermills were built at the south end of the bridge, making use of the currents it created; the revenues contributed to the upkeep of the bridge. The
Bavarians had them burnt in 1633 during the
400:, and the wooden ramp which had connected the bridge to the Upper Wöhrd since 1499 was replaced with an iron one at the same time. Finally, in 1950, the bridge was given concrete balustrades.
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when the French and Bavarians retook the city from the Austrians, and had to be demolished the next year. In 1824/25 the site where it had stood was widened to accommodate a bazaar.
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the watchman's hut next to the middle tower have all been interpreted as Christian symbolism indicating that the bridge was the work of a school of clerical architects.
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608:: "Bei Regensburg selbst bietet die altere steinerne Brücke mit ihren kleinen Öffnungen und dicken Pfeilern das größte Hindernis für eine durchgehende Schiffahrt."
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The bridge originally had its own administration, using a seal depicting it, the oldest example of which dates to 1307; tolls were used for its upkeep.
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linking the Old Town with Stadtamhof. For more than 800 years, until the 1930s, it was the city's only bridge across the river. It is a masterwork of
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Hans-Jürgen Becker. "Opus pontis—Stadt und Brücke im Mittelalter: Rechtshistorische Aspekte am Beispiel der Steinernen Brücke zu Regensburg".
345:; some were rebuilt in 1655 but in 1784 an ice dam on the river destroyed them. One was rebuilt at the foot of the Salt Store for a few more years.
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1414:: Class project of Albert Schweizer Realschule with Barbara Aumann, Jasmin Preißer, Barbara Schiller, Barbara Unterbauer and Christina Weber
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437:(standing on a masked head with ram's horns, and originally on the now demolished north tower; the current statue is a 1930 replica),
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1029:, Sagen über Dom und Brückenbau, Sagen und Zeitgeschichte: Rund um die Steinerne Brücke, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
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The south end of the bridge may have been the location of an ancient city gate. The early 16th-century Amberg Salt Store (
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293:. It remained the only bridge across the Danube at Regensburg for about 800 years, until the construction of the
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415:(bridge mannikin), a largely naked young man shielding his eyes with one hand and with an inscription reading "
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672:
Der völkerrechtliche Status des zukünftigen Europakanals und seine Auswirkungen auf das Rhein- und Donauregime
732:, Regensburger Studien und Quellen zur Kulturgeschichte 1, Regensburg: Universitätsverlag Regensburg, 1994,
1321:
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tzenweiher&dq=Protzenweiher&hl=en&sa=X&ei=yFcoT4iaCYPYiQKYhqywAQ&ved=0CE8Q6AEwBQ p. 159
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and the Free Imperial City of Regensburg. At the highest point of the bridge is a stone carving called the
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Steinerne Brücke mit Regensburger und Amberger Salzstadel und einem Ausflug zur Historischen Wurstküche
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on the Black Sea. (Demolition of the bridge to remove the obstruction was proposed as early as 1904.)
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Episode 3, Bayerisches Fernsehen, Bayerischer Rundfunk, 3 April 2011, updated 9 January 2012 (video)
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The remaining tower at the south end of the bridge, with tramway arch to the right, and Salt Store;
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whirling currents under the bridge and downstream, which are referred to as the "Regensburg Danube
253:. It served as a model for other stone bridges built in Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries: the
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The chapel was removed and replaced by a tollhouse in 1829. In the early 20th century, when the
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The north end of the bridge was formerly the border between the Duchy (later Electorate) of
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The bridge has historically caused problems for traffic on the Danube, as was observed by
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Regensburg, die Altstadt als Denkmal: Altstadtsanierung, Stadtgestaltung, Denkmalpflege
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Krieg und Zerstörung im Umkreis der Steinernen Brücke, Architektur und Baugeschichte
815:"Steinerne Brücke—Nadelöhr für den Fernhandel", "13. Jahrhundert: Regensburg"
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206:) and the early 17th-century Regensburg Salt Store were built against it. The
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1197:, Denkmäler an der Steinernen Brücke, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
1182:, Denkmäler an der Steinernen Brücke, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
1167:, Denkmäler an der Steinernen Brücke, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
1152:, Denkmäler an der Steinernen Brücke, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
1137:, Denkmäler an der Steinernen Brücke, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
1122:, Denkmäler an der Steinernen Brücke, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
1107:, Denkmäler an der Steinernen Brücke, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
1092:, Denkmäler an der Steinernen Brücke, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
1077:, Denkmäler an der Steinernen Brücke, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
1062:, Denkmäler an der Steinernen Brücke, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
1047:, Denkmäler an der Steinernen Brücke, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
839:, Denkmäler an der Steinernen Brücke, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
67:
54:
1377:. Regensburger Taschenbücher 2. Regensburg: Mittelbayerische Zeitung, 1993.
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Kulturelles Gedächtnis und interkulturelle Rezeption im europäischen Kontext
537:
Archäologische Grabungen: Die aktuellen Grabungsergebnisse (Stand 18.9.2009)
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The Stone Bridge was built in only eleven years, probably in 1135–46.
730:
Stadt unterm Hakenkreuz: Kommunalpolitik in Regensburg während der NS-Zeit
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227:
1322:"Steinerne Brücke: Regensburger Haltung ärgert Ihrlersteiner Unternehmer"
488:. The bridge is to remain closed to motor vehicles after the renovation.
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430:. There was formerly a crucifix on the bridge; it was removed in 1694.
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674:, Schriften zum Völkerrecht 62, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1978,
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Instandsetzung: Sanierung eines Kulturdenkmals von europäischem Rang
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The bridge also has a number of other sculptures: full statues of
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1360:. Forum Mittelalter 1. Regensburg: Schnell & Steiner, 2005.
784:
The Stone Bridge: 850 Years in Regensburg, Enduring Time and Man
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95:
1422:
Beschreibung der Donaubrücke Regensburg—Steinerne Brücke
297:. For centuries it was the only bridge over the river between
557:
Lageplan der Steinernen Brücke, Architektur und Baugeschichte
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and his army used it to cross the Danube on their way to the
755:"Die Wiederherstellung der Schiffbarkeit der oberen Donau",
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fighting and a reclining dog. There were also originally an
305:, making Regensburg a major centre of trade and government.
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539:, Aktuelles, Steinerne Brücke, Tourismus, Stadt Regensburg
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254:
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thorough search taking two years and costing 100,000
449:, a weasel, a lion (replaced with a replica in 1966), two
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lost its legs and arms in the fighting in 1809, is in the
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1227:"Steinerne Brücke in Regensburg:Rettung für Wahrzeichen"
956:
Der ehemalige Mittelturm, Architektur und Baugeschichte
591:
Die Binnenschiffahrt: ein Handbuch für alle Beteiligten
559:, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg, Geschichte,
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Warum ist eine Instandsetzung so dringend notwendig?
1105:
Skulpturen männlicher Köpfe an der steinernen Brüche
894:
Die ehemaligen Mühlen, Architektur und Baugeschichte
624:
Franz Ržiha, "Die Steinerne Brücke bei Regensburg",
496:There is a legend that the bridge builder and the
470:North end of the bridge under repair in March 2010
338:, where the piers rest directly on the riverbed.
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39:The bridge seen from the south bank of the Danube
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976:Der Schwarze Turm, Architektur und Baugeschichte
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863:Technische Daten, Architektur und Baugeschichte
177:, Germany, is a 12th-century bridge across the
1280:, Instandsetzung, Tourismus, Stadt Regensburg
1247:, Instandsetzung, Tourismus, Stadt Regensburg
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1180:Die kämpfenden Hähne an der Steinernen Brücke
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1443:The "Steinerne Brücke" in Regensburg Germany
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1392:Zeitschrift für bayerische Landesgeschichte
934:Das Brücktor, Architektur und Baugeschichte
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1491:Buildings and structures completed in 1346
1260:"Steinerne gesperrt: Was steckt dahinter?"
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281:and the Judith Bridge (predecessor of the
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978:, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
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958:, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
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936:, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
916:, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
896:, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
865:, Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
832:
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511:List of medieval stone bridges in Germany
909:
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647:, Vice versa 1, Berlin: Akademie, 2008,
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185:construction and an emblem of the city.
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142:12th-century, probably in 1135–46
1516:Buildings and structures in Regensburg
1478:
1424:. From Bundesministerium für Verkehr.
1408:Projekt Steinerne Brücke zu Regensburg
1294:"Auf der Brücke geht’s endlich weiter"
1268:
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942:
929:
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1496:Bridges completed in the 12th century
1135:Der Basilisk an der Steinernen Brücke
1020:"Des Baumeisters Bund mit dem Teufel"
902:
626:Allgemeine Bauzeitung mit Abbildungen
628:43 (1878) 35–40, 45–49,
212:Regensburg Museum of Danube Shipping
1262:, Regensburg-digital 3 August 2008
922:
13:
1358:Die Steinerne Brücke in Regensburg
1195:Die Plastik eines liegenden Hundes
1075:Sitzfigur des Philipp von Schwaben
759:23 January 1904, pp. 40–42,
593:volume 1 Leipzig: Engelmann, 1912
383:at the highest point of the bridge
14:
1532:
1401:
1340:For variants of this trope, see "
1165:Der Löwe an der Steinernen Brücke
1150:Die Reliefskulptur eines Wiesels
33:
1452:modelled in 3 dimensions using
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697:Richard Strobel, Hubert Bauch,
1511:Former toll bridges in Germany
1461:, Tourismus, Stadt Regensburg
1016:Zwei Regensburger Wahrzeichen
757:Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung
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691:
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577:, Tourismus, Stadt Regensburg
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336:bridge over the Mosel at Trier
325:which were constructed inside
312:Construction and modifications
226:at the mouth of the Rhine and
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1:
1501:Pedestrian bridges in Germany
521:
837:Das Stadt- und Brückenwappen
797:"Where the Middle Ages Live"
428:Regensburg Museum of History
118:308.7 metres (1,013 ft)
7:
1436:. At Baufachinformation.de
1428:. Düsseldorf: Beton, 1988.
1426:Steinbrücken in Deutschland
1090:Sitzfigur der Königin Irene
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462:Current use and restoration
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10:
1537:
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819:Das bayerische Jahrtausend
516:List of bridges in Germany
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208:Regensburg Sausage Kitchen
1278:Ablauf der Instandsetzung
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1486:Stone bridges in Germany
1412:University of Regensburg
1373:Helmut-Eberhard Paulus.
1326:Mittelbayerische Zeitung
1306:Mittelbayerische Zeitung
561:University of Regensburg
87:Road (closed to traffic)
26:
1506:Bridges over the Danube
1394:73 (2010) 355–70
316:The Stone Bridge is an
705:, Munich: Moos, 1978,
670:Kurt Wilhelm Kippels,
575:Historische Wurstkuchl
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68:49.02278°N 12.09722°E
1356:Edith Feistner, ed.
655:, pp. 501–32,
435:Emperor Friedrich II
354:Regensburg Cathedral
1060:Kaiser Friedrich II
247:Louis VII of France
64: /
1521:Bridges in Bavaria
1448:2012-06-05 at the
1299:2014-10-28 at the
1120:Stein und Eidechse
1025:2013-02-21 at the
802:The New York Times
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356:in the background.
73:49.02278; 12.09722
1434:978-3-7640-0240-4
1420:J. Schönsteiner.
1383:978-3-927529-61-8
1366:978-3-7954-1699-7
1328:22 February 2010
1309:, 19 August 2013
1232:17 February 2007
1045:Das Brückmännchen
738:978-3-9803470-6-8
711:978-3-7879-0133-3
680:978-3-428-04256-2
653:978-3-05-004132-2
343:Thirty Years' War
295:Nibelungen Bridge
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805:18 January 1987.
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139:Construction end
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1468:Virtual tour
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257:bridge (now
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167:Stone Bridge
166:
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115:Total length
23:Stone Bridge
1471:(in German)
1463:(in German)
1438:(in German)
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1396:(in German)
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1369:(in German)
1330:(in German)
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1234:(in German)
1211:48–49
1209:Ržiha, pp.
1199:(in German)
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1169:(in German)
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486:Ihrlerstein
443:Queen Irene
398:Flossenbürg
318:arch bridge
277:across the
269:across the
239:Charlemagne
71: /
46:Coordinates
1480:Categories
522:References
455:apotropaic
409:Bruckmandl
381:Bruckmandl
367:Schuldturm
327:cofferdams
204:Salzstadel
175:Regensburg
599:769831513
498:cathedral
423:cathedral
228:Constance
224:Rotterdam
196:‹See Tfd›
59:12°5′50″E
56:49°1′22″N
1446:Archived
1297:Archived
1023:Archived
505:See also
451:roosters
447:basilisk
219:Napoleon
189:Location
183:medieval
155:Location
147:Replaces
126:of spans
107:Material
1351:Sources
997:Ržiha,
880:Ržiha,
405:Bavaria
389:tramway
332:Strudel
263:Dresden
234:History
134:History
92:Crosses
84:Carries
1432:
1381:
1364:
742:p. 466
736:
709:
678:
657:p. 529
651:
597:
492:Legend
303:Vienna
291:Prague
287:Vltava
273:, the
271:Thames
200:German
179:Danube
96:Danube
16:Bridge
999:p. 40
882:p. 37
761:p. 41
699:et al
684:p. 95
630:p. 36
279:Rhône
261:) in
173:) in
110:Stone
1430:ISBN
1379:ISBN
1362:ISBN
1230:n-tv
1018:oder
734:ISBN
707:ISBN
676:ISBN
649:ISBN
595:OCLC
301:and
255:Elbe
165:The
701:.,
603:143
411:or
299:Ulm
289:in
124:No.
1482::
1344:".
1324:,
1303:,
1270:^
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613:^
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547:^
529:^
265:,
214:.
202::
129:16
1213:.
1001:.
884:.
481:€
169:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
