27:
137:
as "This sin will not be forgiven you until you die the second death." The final two examples are from Targum Isaiah 65, which sets the scene for an apocalyptic final battle. Targum Isaiah 65:6 paraphrases the Hebrew in line with the interpretation of the penultimate verse of the Hebrew Isaiah found
167:
The majority reading of Targum Psalm 49:11 has the
Aramaic translation "For the wise see that the evil-doers are judged in Gehinnom". However, several manuscripts, including Paris No.10, Montefiore No.7, and Targum of Salomos 113 have the variant Aramaic translation "He sees men wise in wickedness,
299:
understood the second death as a cleansing, albeit a painful process. He wrote that "those still living in the flesh must as much as ever they can separate and free themselves in a way from its attachments by virtuous conduct, in order that after death they may not need a second death to cleanse
265:
We term that punishment the second death, which is itself also perpetual, as is immortality. we thus define the second death: Death is the suffering of eternal pain, or thus: Death is the condemnation of souls for their deserts to eternal
439:
p222 1996 -"Here the second death is identical with the judgment in
Gehinnom. The wicked will perish and their riches will be given to... The second death in the Apocalypse In the Apocalypse of John, the second death is mentioned several
490:
Page 44 "Qimhi's interpretation that the Second Death refers to the "death of the soul in the world to come" cannot be accepted without qualification. For in its paraphrase of Isaiah lxv. 6 the Targum uses the expression: "I will
240:
we read: "s for the cowardly, the faithless, the polluted, the murderers, the fornicators, the sorcerers, the idolaters, and all liars, their place will be in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, which is the second death."
257:. Some understand the second death to be primarily a spiritual one, i.e., separation from God, but it is usually thought to entail torment or destruction too. The second death has been interpreted as endless torment by many,
142:, where "their worm does not die" is equated with Gehinnom. Here both Targum Isaiah and Gospel of Mark supply the term "Gehinnom", where Hebrew Isaiah simply concludes with the heaps of corpses following the
154:
Targum
Jeremiah 51:17 has the Aramaic "they shall die the second death and not live in the world to come", which appears to depart from the other Targum uses in not being explicit that the second death is
253:, they are not subject to the second death and only die of the earthly first death, whereas an unsaved person will experience two deaths: the first at the end of this life and the second after the
315:
would get destroyed along with him at the end of days, so they die the second death. Other evil powers and the planets will suffer this "second death" in the blazing "sea of the end" as well.
285:, and others in many denominations, oppose the idea of eternal suffering and believe that the second death is a literal death and that the bodies and souls condemned to it after the
574:: Theogonie. Kosmonogie und Anthropogonie in den mandäischen Schriften. Eine literarkritische und traditionsgeschichtliche Untersuchung, Göttingen 1965, p. 241.
414:
295:, who believe all will be reconciled to God, offer different interpretations, rejecting both endless torment and utter destruction. For example,
193:
232:
and will not be hurt by the second death, which has no power over them. Revelation 20:14 and 21:8 then connects the second death with the
514:
86:
228:
2:11, 20:6, 20:14, and 21:8. According to
Revelation 2:11 and 20:6, those who overcome the devil's tribulation have part in the
121:(Neof.) and the fragments (FTP and FTV), on the verse Deutoronomy 33:6, the "second death" is "the death that the wicked die."
624:
19:
This article is about a eschatological concept in
Judaism and Christianity. For other items with similar names, see
229:
20:
146:
where "their worm does not die", making no further eschatological extension into resurrection and judgment.
634:
629:
202:
understands second death as referring to the death of a soul after it has been reincarnated, i.e., after
501:
237:
250:
274:
254:
101:. In most cases, the "second death" is identical with the judgment, following the resurrection, in
292:
282:
278:
406:
215:
98:
345:
186:–Narbonne, 1235) considered the phrase to mean "the death of the soul in the world".
8:
225:
79:(the Canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures), Harry Sysling, in his study (1996) of
70:
388:
357:
639:
296:
130:
587:
484:
324:
270:
203:
199:
134:
312:
286:
139:
118:
618:
608:
Kurt
Rudolph: Iconography of Religions XXI. Mandaeism. Groningen 1978, p. 15.
528:
392:
361:
221:
94:
550:
571:
233:
93:, identifies a consistent usage of the term "second death" in texts of the
76:
50:
473:
Teḥiyyat ha-metim: the resurrection of the dead in the
Palestinian Targums
437:
Teḥiyyat ha-metim: the resurrection of the dead in the
Palestinian Targums
176:
106:
42:
376:
258:
189:
143:
583:
308:
54:
196:, that the souls of the wicked would be punished with annihilation.
26:
311:
believe that the souls which could not be purified inside of demon
129:
Targum Isaiah has three occurrences. The first is 22:14, where the
102:
590:, Quellen der Religionsgeschichte vol. 13, Göttingen 1925, p. 203.
586:. Der Schatz oder das große Buch der Mandäer, ed. and transl. by
460:
Targum and
Testament Revisited: Aramaic paraphrases of the Hebrew
46:
159:
resurrection but may instead be an exclusion from resurrection.
90:
500:
Maimonides' Introduction to Perek Helek, publ. and transl. by
58:
551:"On the Soul and the Resurrection (St. Gregory of Nyssa)"
346:"The paradox of life and death: a Christian perspective"
415:
Coptic
Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States
377:"Death and Sin in Saint Paul's Epistle to the Romans"
168:
who die a second death, and are judged in Gehinnom".
80:
16:Eschatological concept in Judaism and Christianity
602:
565:
220:The term "second death" occurs four times in the
616:
249:One interpretation states that when people are
599:Ginza, ed. and transl. by Lidzbarski, p. 321.
494:
57:related to punishment after a first/initial
171:
407:"Lecture I: Eschatological Preliminaries"
344:Chukwuedo, Mercy Uwaezuoke (2019-06-10).
343:
374:
25:
593:
577:
617:
350:Mgbakoigba: Journal of African Studies
75:Although the term is not found in the
488:Studies in Pharisaism and the Gospels
112:
515:"Rabbeinu Bahya on Deutoronomy 33:6"
13:
149:
14:
651:
244:
162:
124:
543:
521:
507:
381:The Catholic Biblical Quarterly
209:
478:
465:
452:
443:
429:
399:
368:
337:
1:
330:
180:
21:Second Death (disambiguation)
529:"Divine Institutes, Book II"
303:
87:the resurrection of the dead
7:
318:
289:will be utterly destroyed.
81:
10:
656:
502:Maimonides Heritage Center
213:
194:his 13 principles of faith
68:
64:
18:
625:Afterlife in Christianity
375:Barrosse, Thomas (1953).
172:Rabbinic interpretations
293:Christian universalists
279:Seventh-day Adventists
268:
89:") in the Palestinian
30:
263:
216:Christian eschatology
29:
283:Jehovah's Witnesses
261:being one of them:
99:rabbinical writings
635:Religion and death
630:Jewish eschatology
230:first resurrection
224:, specifically in
113:Targum Deuteronomy
71:Jewish eschatology
31:
458:Martin McNamara,
97:period and early
82:Teḥiyyat ha-metim
647:
609:
606:
600:
597:
591:
581:
575:
569:
563:
562:
560:
558:
547:
541:
540:
538:
536:
525:
519:
518:
511:
505:
498:
492:
482:
476:
469:
463:
462:p.226 2010 - 359
456:
450:
447:
441:
433:
427:
426:
424:
422:
411:
403:
397:
396:
372:
366:
365:
341:
297:Gregory of Nyssa
277:, including all
271:Annihilationists
185:
182:
133:paraphrases the
84:
37:, also known as
655:
654:
650:
649:
648:
646:
645:
644:
615:
614:
613:
612:
607:
603:
598:
594:
588:Mark Lidzbarski
582:
578:
570:
566:
556:
554:
553:. Newadvent.org
549:
548:
544:
534:
532:
531:. Newadvent.org
527:
526:
522:
513:
512:
508:
499:
495:
485:Israel Abrahams
483:
479:
470:
466:
457:
453:
448:
444:
434:
430:
420:
418:
409:
405:
404:
400:
373:
369:
342:
338:
333:
325:Spiritual death
321:
306:
275:conditionalists
247:
238:Revelation 21:8
218:
212:
204:Gilgul Neshamot
200:Bahya ben Asher
183:
174:
165:
152:
150:Targum Jeremiah
127:
115:
73:
67:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
653:
643:
642:
637:
632:
627:
611:
610:
601:
592:
576:
564:
542:
520:
506:
493:
477:
464:
451:
442:
435:Harry Sysling
428:
398:
387:(4): 438–459.
367:
335:
334:
332:
329:
328:
327:
320:
317:
305:
302:
287:final judgment
246:
245:Interpretation
243:
214:Main article:
211:
208:
173:
170:
164:
161:
158:
151:
148:
140:Gospel of Mark
126:
123:
119:Targum Neofiti
114:
111:
69:Main article:
66:
63:
43:eschatological
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
652:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
622:
620:
605:
596:
589:
585:
580:
573:
568:
552:
546:
530:
524:
516:
510:
503:
497:
489:
486:
481:
474:
468:
461:
455:
449:Sysling, p220
446:
438:
432:
417:
416:
408:
402:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
371:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
340:
336:
326:
323:
322:
316:
314:
310:
301:
298:
294:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
267:
262:
260:
256:
252:
242:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:New Testament
217:
207:
205:
201:
197:
195:
192:declares, in
191:
187:
178:
169:
163:Targum Psalms
160:
156:
147:
145:
141:
136:
132:
125:Targum Isaiah
122:
120:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
95:Second Temple
92:
88:
83:
78:
72:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
39:eternal death
36:
28:
22:
604:
595:
579:
572:Kurt Rudolph
567:
555:. Retrieved
545:
533:. Retrieved
523:
509:
496:
487:
480:
472:
467:
459:
454:
445:
436:
431:
419:. Retrieved
413:
401:
384:
380:
370:
356:(1): 42–49.
353:
349:
339:
307:
291:
269:
266:punishments.
264:
255:resurrection
248:
234:lake of fire
219:
210:Christianity
198:
188:
175:
166:
153:
128:
116:
77:Hebrew Bible
74:
51:Christianity
38:
35:second death
34:
32:
504:, p. 22-23.
184: 1160
179:(Toulouse,
177:David Kimhi
144:last battle
45:concept in
619:Categories
475:p221 1996
331:References
259:Lactantius
226:Revelation
190:Maimonides
85:(Hebrew; "
61:on Earth.
491:deliver."
440:times....
421:15 August
393:0008-7912
362:2346-7126
309:Mandaeans
304:Mandaeism
55:Mandaeism
471:Sysling
319:See also
107:Last Day
103:Gehinnom
41:, is an
640:Gehenna
300:them".
138:in the
131:Aramaic
105:at the
91:Targums
65:Judaism
47:Judaism
557:3 June
535:6 July
391:
360:
135:Hebrew
53:, and
584:Ginza
410:(PDF)
251:saved
236:. In
157:after
59:death
559:2022
537:2019
423:2023
389:ISSN
358:ISSN
281:and
273:and
33:The
117:In
621::
412:.
385:15
383:.
379:.
352:.
348:.
313:Ur
206:.
181:c.
109:.
49:,
561:.
539:.
517:.
425:.
395:.
364:.
354:8
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
