925:
2474:
358:
27:
293:
639:
411:
1121:, is based on a misunderstanding of historical Babylon and its religion. Grabbe criticized Hislop for portraying Semiramis as Nimrod's consort, despite that she has not been found in a single text associated with him, and for portraying her as the "mother of harlots", even though this is not how she is depicted in any of the historical texts where she is mentioned.
452:
Ninus was so struck that he fell in love with her. He tried to compel Onnes to give her to him as a wife, first offering his own daughter Sonanê in return and eventually threatening to put out his eyes as punishment. Out of fear of the king, and out of doomed passion for his wife, Onnes "fell into a
491:
in the form of false elephants by putting manipulated skins of dark-skinned buffaloes over her camels to deceive the
Indians into thinking she had acquired real elephants. This ploy succeeded initially, but she was wounded in the counterattack and her army mainly annihilated, forcing the surviving
770:
to deter any romantic rivals before he eventually killed her. This seems to have appeared first in the reign of
Augustus in the Universal History of Pompeius Trogus, which survives only in the later epitome of Justinius; the circulation of the story was likely popularized in the fifth century by
722:
During the battle
Semiramis was victorious, but Ara was slain despite her orders to capture him alive. This legend continues that to avoid continuous warfare with the Armenians, Semiramis, who they alleged was a sorceress, took his body and prayed to deities to raise Ara from the dead. When the
230:
and stabilized and strengthened the empire after a destructive civil war. It has been speculated that being a woman who ruled successfully may have made the
Assyrians regard her with particular reverence and that her achievements may have been retold over the generations until she was gradually
460:, he was fatally wounded by an arrow. Semiramis disguised herself as her son so the army would follow her instructions, thinking they came from their new ruler. Diodorus writes that her reign lasted for 42 years and that she conquered much of Asia and achieved many feats. She restored ancient
2182:, 1869). To be precise, the list also contains 5 pasticcios. 3 ballets and 6 works by unknown authors, but does not include subsequent revisions and rewrites by the same composer. It does not claim to be exhaustive: for instance, just referring to the 20th century,
225:
came of age and took the reins of power. She ruled at a time of political uncertainty, which may partly explain why
Assyrians may have accepted the rule of a woman when it was not allowed by their cultural tradition. She conquered much of the Middle East and the
766:. During the Middle Ages, she became associated with promiscuity and lustfulness. One story claimed that she had an incestuous relationship with her son, justified it by passing a law to legitimize parent-child marriages, and invented the
304:
While the achievements of
Semiramis are clearly in the realm of mythical Persian, Armenian, and Greek historiography, the historical Shammuramat certainly existed. After her husband's death, she might have served as regent for her son,
958:(Ind.2). Portrayal of Semiramis has been used as a metaphor for female rulership. Sometimes she was referenced during political disputes regarding rule by women, both as an unfavorable comparison, for example, against
719:. According to that legend, Semiramis had fallen in love with the handsome Armenian King Ara and asked him to marry her. When he refused, in her passion she gathered the armies of Assyria and marched against Armenia.
723:
Armenians advanced to avenge their leader, she disguised one of her lovers as Ara and spread the rumor that the deities had brought Ara back to life, reportedly, convincing the
Armenians not to continue the war.
714:
tradition portrays
Semiramis negatively, possibly because of a victorious military campaign she waged against them. One of the most popular legends in Armenian tradition involves Semiramis and an Armenian king,
449:, and she became an advisor to the king. Her advice led him to great successes. At the Siege of Bactra, she personally led a party of soldiers to seize a key defensive point, leading to the capture of the city.
1835:, pp. 223–244; Kerstin Droß-Krüpe: Semiramis, de qua innumerabilia narrantur. Rezeption und Verargumentierung der Königin von Babylon von der Antike bis in die opera seria des Barock, Wiesbaden 2021, pp. 26–40.
828:
that was composed in 1361–1362. It is notable as the first collection devoted exclusively to biographies of women in
Western literature. Semiramis always was admired for her martial and political achievements.
726:
In one persistent tradition in this vein, the prayers of
Semiramis are successful and Ara returns to life. During the nineteenth century, it was reported that a village called Lezk, near
670:
during 64 or 63 BC to 24 AD, credits her with building earthworks and other structures "throughout almost the whole continent". Nearly every stupendous work of antiquity by the
1097:, and that all divine pairings in religions were retellings of this story. These claims are still circulated among some groups of evangelical Protestants, in the form of
1074:. Grabbe and others have rejected the allegations in this book as based on a flawed understanding of the texts, but variations of them are accepted among some groups of
1213:
1127:
also has been critical of this interpretation and has stated that Alexander Hislop "picked, chose and mixed" portions of various myths from different cultures.
2511:
Semiramis, de qua innumerabilia narrantur. Rezeption und Verargumentierung der Königin von Babylon von der Antike bis in die opera seria des Barock
1846:
Semiramis, de qua innumerabilia narrantur. Rezeption und Verargumentierung der Königin von Babylon von der Antike bis in die opera seria des Barock
1205:, Semiramis appears as a lustful, commanding queen, who stops her procession to try to seduce young Lucius, who has been transformed into a donkey.
2556:
2541:
2489:
1764:
1227:(nectar). When she learns her son has conspired against her, she abdicates her throne and moves to Ireland, where she is revered as a goddess.
1788:
Die Sicht auf die Welt zwischen Ost und West (750 v. Chr. - 550 n. Chr.). Looking at the World from the East and the West (750 BCE - 550 CE)
1223:
trilogy, depicts Semiramis as the estranged daughter of powerful Indian king Sthabarpati, who attacks her father's kingdom in pursuit of
2494:
924:
662:
484 to 425 BC, ascribes to Semiramis the artificial banks that confined the Euphrates and knows her name as borne by a gate of Babylon.
599:
in Western Asia and Anatolia, the origins of which ancient writers sometimes asserted had been forgotten or unknown. Various places in
592:), the great temple that according to one legend, was founded by Semiramis, where her statue was shown with a golden dove on her head.
456:
Diodorus relates that after their marriage, Semiramis and Ninus had a son named Ninyas. After King Ninus conquered Asia, including the
309:. Thus, during that time Shammuramat could have been in control of the vast Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–605 BC), which stretched from the
1827:, Christoph Ulf (eds.): Geschlechterrollen und Frauenbild in der Perspektive antiker Autoren. Studien-Verlag, Innsbruck et al. 2000,
2531:
2135:. I Tatti Renaissance Library. Vol. 1. Translated by Virginia Brown. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. xi.
991:
is compared to Semiramis, with the intention of suggesting that the mother of the sultan is an evil woman just like Semiramis.
2341:
2066:
2034:
2004:
1803:
1418:
1393:
1332:
1292:
2023:
Julia M. Asher-Greve (2006). "From 'Semiramis of Babylon' to 'Semiramis of Hammersmith'". In Steven Winford Holloway (ed.).
464:
and protected it with a high brick wall that completely surrounded the city. She built several palaces in Persia, including
336:, King of the Universe, King of Assyria, Mother of Adad Nirari, King of the Universe, King of Assyria, Daughter-in-Law of
2566:
2546:
2237:
2293:
1372:
2459:
2551:
2140:
2096:
1977:
1832:
1748:
1460:
1266:
397:
2576:
1137:
700:), who wrote the penultimate major historical account surviving from antiquity, credits her as the first person to
838:
379:
1695:
1679:
865:
2561:
1059:
1325:
Fundstellen: gesammelte Schriften zur Ärchäologie und Geschichte Altvorderasiens; ad honorem Hartmut Kühne
936:
932:
802:
2536:
1549:
708:-hood: "Semiramis, that ancient queen who was the first person to castrate male youths of tender age".
429:, a first century BC Greek historian, Semiramis was of noble parents, the daughter of the fish-goddess
375:
20:
762:
Although negative portrayals did exist, generally, Semiramis was viewed positively before the rise of
877:
584:
since the time before Diodorus. The association of the fish and dove is found at Hierapolis Bambyce (
1189:
978:
1145:
954:
368:
341:
1503:
1219:
971:
959:
806:(canto III, verse 76). She is one of three women exemplifying "evil love", the other two being
1320:
1282:
860:
552:
Legends describing Semiramis have been recorded by approximately 80 ancient writers including
2283:
1969:
1165:
franchise as the Assassin of Red. She also appears in the mobile game of the same franchise,
963:
832:
Her reputation partly recovered in the late Middle Ages and Renaissance. She was included in
143:
2331:
2156:
Frassoni, Edilio (1980). "Imperatrice di molte favelle". In Ufficio Stampa dell'E.A. (ed.).
1208:
987:
842:, finished by 1405, and, starting in the fourteenth century, she was commonly found on the
816:
686:
675:
496:
239:
8:
2161:
967:
943:
218:
885:
631:
in Turkey in order to have a summer residence and that city may be found referred to as
2526:
2391:
2374:
2309:
2128:
1758:
1634:
1626:
1093:. He said that Semiramis and Nimrod's incestuous male offspring was the Akkadian deity
833:
825:
679:
649:
573:
418:
310:
243:
503:. The writings of Diodorus about Semiramis are strongly influenced by the writings of
2504:
The Sight of Semiramis: Medieval and Early Modern Narratives of the Babylonian Queen.
2412:
2337:
2289:
2183:
2136:
2092:
2062:
2030:
2000:
1973:
1962:
1926:
1828:
1799:
1744:
1638:
1618:
1456:
1424:
1414:
1368:
1328:
1298:
1288:
1262:
1149:
893:
889:
881:
504:
437:
and of a mortal. He related that Derketo abandoned her at birth and drowned herself.
210:
159:
109:
30:
Semiramis, a legendary figure based on the life of Shammuramat, depicted as an armed
1476:
912:
332:, she had an obelisk built and inscribed that read, "Stele of Shammuramat, queen of
254:. He knew her name because it was inscribed on a gate of Babylon. Various places in
2279:
1918:
1824:
1791:
1779:
1610:
1237:
1196:
1174:
1167:
1114:
1101:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1027:
1004:
995:
982:
948:
730:
in Turkey, traditionally held that it was the location of the resurrection of Ara.
716:
644:
565:
500:
238:
in Western Asia and Anatolia whose origins had been forgotten or unknown, even the
163:
44:
1117:
has claimed that Hislop's argument, particularly his identification of Ninus with
792:
V), Dante places Semiramis among the souls of the lustful in the Second Circle of
2571:
2426:
2193:
2086:
2056:
2024:
1994:
1893:
1408:
1111:
Critics have dismissed the speculations by Hislop as based on misunderstandings.
1055:
1009:
897:
873:
623:
bore the name of Semiramis in slightly changed forms, even some named during the
442:
337:
306:
222:
177:
147:
128:
98:
2449:
2435:
1601:
Reade, Julian (2000). "Alexander the Great and the Hanging Gardens of Babylon".
2439:
1157:
1094:
1090:
1075:
1051:
1014:
999:
507:, although his writings about Semiramis do not always follow those by Ctesias.
488:
333:
214:
120:
2116:
1964:
The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the oral tradition to the Golden Age
1428:
1302:
901:
453:
kind of frenzy and madness" and hanged himself. Ninus then married Semiramis.
2520:
2485:
2480:
2288:. London, England: Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 27–28.
2241:
2167:
1930:
1622:
1124:
1082:
843:
784:
767:
753:
441:
fed the child until Simmas, the royal shepherd, found her. Semiramis married
1922:
1544:
2211:
Russia under Western Eyes: From the Bronze Horseman to the Lenin Mausoleum.
1783:
1696:
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/2A*.html
1680:
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/2A*.html
1352:. Vol. 3. London & New York: Longmans, Green, And Co. p. 112.
1185:
962:, and as an example of a woman who governed well. Powerful female monarchs
763:
1795:
820:, a collection of biographies of historical and mythological women by the
2333:
This Is the Sun?: Zeitgeist and Religion (Volume I: Comparative Religion)
1694:, Vol. 1, The Loeb Classical Library, 1933. Retrieved on 2015-03-08 from
1678:, Vol. 1, The Loeb Classical Library, 1933. Retrieved on 2015-03-08 from
727:
628:
624:
604:
287:
255:
205:
2498:. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 617.
2188:
1823:
Sabine Comploi: Die Darstellung der Semiramis bei Diodorus Siculus. In:
1630:
1201:
1105:
1098:
1047:
917:
701:
667:
382: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2166:
Professor Frassoni lists 77 settings of the story of Semiramis, from
2088:
Virtue and Venom: Catalogs of Women from Antiquity to the Renaissance
671:
655:
561:
480:
476:
457:
313:
in the north to the Arabian Peninsula in the south, and from western
251:
247:
173:
1741:
Beyond Alexandria : literature and empire in the Seleucid world
1614:
357:
2179:
855:
821:
797:
620:
596:
557:
553:
543:
538:
465:
426:
275:
271:
235:
26:
2479:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1284:
Travelling Heroes: Greeks and their myths in the epic age of Homer
1042:, was particularly influential in characterizing Semiramis as the
1071:
772:
711:
658:, an ancient Greek writer, geographer, and historian living from
600:
581:
569:
461:
434:
430:
297:
292:
167:
155:
139:
31:
1909:
Smith, W. Robertson (1887). "Ctesias And the Semiramis Legend".
1441:
Diodorus Siculus: The Library of History, Book II, Chapters 1-22
1321:"Sexgender, Power And Sammuramat: A View From The Syrian Steppe"
638:
1857:
1784:"Universale Weltherrschaft und die Monumente an ihren Grenzen."
1573:
1224:
1155:
Semiramis appears in the Japanese light novel and anime series
1118:
1086:
1063:
811:
807:
705:
663:
616:
612:
589:
585:
577:
526:
522:
329:
318:
267:
263:
227:
189:
59:
1895:
Studies in the Social Sciences: Armenian Legends and Festivals
674:
or in Iran seems to have been ascribed to Semiramis, even the
666:, a Greek geographer, philosopher, and historian who lived in
170:, describe her and her relationships to Onnes and King Ninus.
2158:
L'Opera di Genova. Stagione Lirica 1980–81. Teatro Margherita
1141:
1067:
1032:
Despite a lack of supporting evidence in the Bible, the book
608:
484:
472:
446:
325:
259:
185:
151:
2392:
Tracking the Wild Allusions in Silverlock: The Way of Choice
1898:. Vol. 14. The University of Minnesota. pp. 10–11.
1058:
inherited and continued to propagate a millennia-old secret
994:
In the twentieth century, Semiramis has appeared in several
410:
793:
438:
314:
193:
181:
89:
62:
50:
2164:. p. 101: "Il lungo cammino di Semiramide nel melodramma".
908:, which was revived in 1992 after many years of neglect.
1844:
for an overview of the sources cf. DROSS-KRÜPE, K. 2020.
1584:
1582:
1545:"Sammu-Ramat and Semiramis: The Inspiration and the Myth"
1453:
Diodorus Siculus and the world of the late Roman republic
1177:
is an Italian progressive rock band who produced one LP,
80:
68:
1568:
1566:
921:, the Old Woman character is referred to as Semiramis.
779:, which has been described as an "anti-pagan polemic".
492:
remnants to re-ford the Indus and retreat to the west.
347:
250:
ascribes to her the artificial banks that confined the
1579:
1381:
479:
to the empire. She went to war with King Stabrobates (
1455:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 23.
1347:
520: Whose love was evil: and Semiramis,
86:
77:
71:
47:
2022:
1563:
595:
The name of Semiramis came to be applied to various
234:
The name of Semiramis came to be applied to various
2174:(Vienna, 1662), to Costantino Dall’Argine's ballet
2054:
1307:
Semiramis was an invention of the Greek legend only
65:
56:
53:
2364:volume 22, number 2 (2000) of the (Article DC187)
1961:
1959:
1891:
1406:
872:, and in operas by dozens of composers including
499:to her; it is now known to have been produced by
2518:
2050:
2048:
2046:
1777:
1477:"Assyrian Names and Meanings for Boys and Girls"
929:Semiramis hearing of the insurrection at Babylon
2448:Epitome Historiarum philippicarum Pompei Trogi
2282:(1997). Mein, Andrew; Camp, Claudia V. (eds.).
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1435:
745:She held the land which now the Sultan rules.”
2373:
1280:
2213:Harvard University Press, Jun 30, 2009 pg. 47
2084:
2080:
2078:
2043:
1498:
1496:
1062:, founded by Semiramis and the Biblical king
743:That she succeeded Ninus, and was his spouse;
221:as its regent for five years, before her son
34:in an eighteenth-century Italian illustration
2091:. University of Michigan Press. p. 66.
1946:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1596:
1594:
1348:Creighton M.A. L.L.D., Rev. Mandell (1888).
627:. She is credited with founding the city of
154:, who succeeded the latter on the throne of
1662:
1660:
1392:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBernbeck2008 (
619:, Anatolia, the Arabian Peninsula, and the
510:
213:form of the name, was the Assyrian wife of
2075:
1986:
1763:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1692:The Library of History by Diodorus Siculus
1676:The Library of History by Diodorus Siculus
1493:
2329:
2323:
2310:"Man in Black ©2003 by Jack T. Chick LLC"
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2162:E.A. Teatro Comunale dell'Opera di Genova
2127:
2113:Seven Books of History Against the Pagans
2018:
2016:
1992:
1968:. Wayne State University Press. pp.
1902:
1880:
1650:
1648:
1591:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1327:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 352.
1046:. Hislop claimed that Semiramis invented
854:Semiramis appears in many plays, such as
777:Seven Books of History Against the Pagans
398:Learn how and when to remove this message
2484:
2360:: A Case Study in Poor Methodology", in
2155:
2121:
1738:
1657:
1387:
1362:
923:
637:
531:For their unlawful and distorted love.”
409:
291:
25:
2457:Factorum et dictorum memorabilium libri
1312:
487:, having her artisans build an army of
166:, who drew primarily from the works of
2557:Ancient Mesopotamia in popular culture
2519:
2506:Tempe: Arizona State University Press.
2278:
2255:
2026:Orientalism, Assyriology and the Bible
2013:
1645:
1520:
1365:The Lifting of the Veil: Acts 15:20-21
1274:
849:
733:
2542:Women in ancient Near Eastern warfare
2285:Can a 'History of Israel' Be Written?
1908:
1600:
1450:
1318:
1256:
1081:Hislop asserted that Semiramis was a
471:She ruled Asia effectively and added
415:The Shepherd finds the Babe Semiramis
342:King of the Four Regions of the World
217:(ruled 824 BC–811 BC). She ruled the
2465:
2379:Sixty Minutes with Winston Churchill
1148:took place and was presided over by
1144:is named after her. It is where the
1130:
380:adding citations to reliable sources
351:
348:Legend according to Diodorus Siculus
281:
278:received names recalling Semiramis.
102:
2058:Incest and the Medieval Imagination
2055:Elizabeth Archibald (24 May 2001).
1999:. Psychology Press. pp. 74–5.
1367:. Trafford Publishing. p. 58.
1281:Robin Lane Fox (4 September 2008).
1021:
643:Semiramis staring at the corpse of
495:Diodorus mistakenly attributed the
296:The approximate area controlled by
132:
13:
2406:
2235:
2222:William Russell and Charles Coote
2200:mentioned below, are not included.
1790:, Harrassowitz, O, pp. 1–30,
1054:. He claimed that the head of the
1038:(1853), by the Christian minister
14:
2588:
1996:The Kingdom of Armenia: A History
1848:Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 588-596.
741:She is Semiramis, of whom we read
445:or Menones, a general under King
274:, the Arabian Peninsula, and the
2472:
2240:. Philologos.org. Archived from
1892:Louis A. Boettiger (1918). "2".
1504:"Sammu-ramat (queen of Assyria)"
1363:Yehoshua, Avram (June 7, 2011).
1259:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
1138:Semiramis InterContinental Hotel
356:
231:turned into a legendary figure.
43:
2401:
2385:
2367:
2350:
2302:
2229:
2216:
2203:
2149:
2105:
1937:
1867:
1851:
1838:
1817:
1771:
1732:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1685:
1669:
1469:
367:needs additional citations for
2061:. OUP Oxford. pp. 91–93.
1508:Britannica Online Encyclopedia
1451:Muntz, Charles Edward (2017).
1444:
1400:
1356:
1341:
1250:
1217:(2017), the third book in the
1184:Semiramis is mentioned in the
839:The Book of the City of Ladies
1:
2532:9th-century BC queens regnant
2224:The History of Modern Europe.
1911:The English Historical Review
1243:
977:The mother of the sultan in "
690:
659:
998:films. She was portrayed by
844:Nine Worthies list for women
7:
2434:Historiae adversus paganos
2029:. Sheffield Phoenix Press.
1960:Agop Jack Hacikyan (2000).
1231:
970:were given the designation
942:Semiramis was mentioned by
937:Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
933:Giovanni Francesco Barbieri
904:'s 1934 "ballet-pantomime"
547:, Canto III, lines 75 to 78
200:as a given name for girls.
10:
2593:
2567:Ancient Mesopotamian women
2547:Hellenistic historiography
2362:Christian Research Journal
2330:McIlhenny, Albert (2012).
1550:World History Encyclopedia
1407:Moses (of Khoren) (2006).
1025:
866:Pedro Calderón de la Barca
775:in his universal history,
576:. She was associated with
285:
21:Semiramis (disambiguation)
18:
16:Legendary queen of Assyria
2423:Chronicon 20.13-17, 19-26
1739:Visscher, Marijn (2020).
1261:(3rd ed.), Longman,
1089:, builder of the Bible's
878:Christoph Willibald Gluck
757:, Canto V, lines 60 to 62
300:in 824 BC, (darker green)
124:
113:
2552:Middle Eastern goddesses
2513:Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
1743:. New York. p. 73.
1410:History of the Armenians
1214:The Secret of the Druids
1146:Cairo Conference of 1921
529:are oppressed with shame
511:Other ancient traditions
203:The real and historical
2577:9th-century BC monarchs
2495:Encyclopædia Britannica
2394:. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
2336:. Lulu.com. p. 7.
1319:Kühne, Hartmut (2008).
1257:Wells, John C. (2008),
955:The Taming of the Shrew
2509:Dross-Krüpe, K. 2020.
2176:La Semiramide del Nord
2085:Glenda McLeod (1991).
1588:Diodorus Siculus ii. 3
972:Semiramis of the North
960:Elizabeth I of England
939:
748:
652:
635:(city of Semiramis).
534:
422:
301:
162:. Legends narrated by
35:
2226:A. Small, 1822 pg.379
1923:10.1093/ehr/II.VI.303
1796:10.2307/j.ctvc2rmq3.4
1350:The Historical Review
1108:, and related media.
979:The Man of Law's Tale
964:Margaret I of Denmark
927:
814:. She is included in
738:
641:
515:
413:
295:
29:
2196:’s ballet-melodrama
2192:(Bologna, 1910) and
1209:Christopher C. Doyle
1070:religion of ancient
817:De Mulieribus Claris
687:Ammianus Marcellinus
676:Behistun Inscription
518:Here are other three
497:Behistun Inscription
376:improve this article
240:Behistun Inscription
138:) was the legendary
19:For other uses, see
2562:Mythological queens
2502:Beringer, A. 2016.
2236:Hislop, Alexander.
2129:Boccaccio, Giovanni
1778:Bichler, Reinhold;
1066:, to propagate the
968:Catherine the Great
944:William Shakespeare
900:composed music for
850:Literary references
734:In later traditions
219:Neo-Assyrian Empire
2455:Valerius Maximus,
2238:"The Two Babylons"
1993:M. Chahin (2001).
1220:Mahabharata Secret
1085:and the mother of
940:
834:Christine de Pizan
826:Giovanni Boccaccio
704:a male youth into
653:
650:Vardges Sureniants
423:
419:Ernest Wallcousins
311:Caucasus Mountains
302:
36:
2537:Ancient Assyrians
2466:Secondary sources
2413:Paulinus Minorita
2343:978-1-105-33967-7
2280:Grabbe, Lester L.
2184:Ottorino Respighi
2068:978-0-19-154085-1
2036:978-1-905048-37-3
2006:978-0-7007-1452-0
1805:978-3-447-19363-4
1780:Rollinger, Robert
1420:978-0-88206-111-5
1413:. Caravan Books.
1334:978-3-447-05770-7
1294:978-0-14-188986-3
1150:Winston Churchill
1131:In modern culture
894:Gioachino Rossini
890:Giacomo Meyerbeer
882:Domenico Cimarosa
796:. She appears in
505:Ctesias of Cnidus
408:
407:
400:
282:Historical figure
168:Ctesias of Cnidus
160:Movses Khorenatsi
2584:
2499:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2395:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2371:
2365:
2358:THE TWO BABYLONS
2354:
2348:
2347:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2276:
2253:
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2250:
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2165:
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2125:
2119:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2052:
2041:
2040:
2020:
2011:
2010:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1967:
1957:
1944:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1889:
1878:
1871:
1865:
1855:
1849:
1842:
1836:
1825:Robert Rollinger
1821:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1762:
1754:
1736:
1730:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1708:
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1699:
1689:
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1673:
1667:
1664:
1655:
1652:
1643:
1642:
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1589:
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1541:
1518:
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1473:
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1433:
1432:
1404:
1398:
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1385:
1379:
1378:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1254:
1238:Euphrates Tunnel
1197:John Myers Myers
1179:Dedicato a Frazz
1168:Fate/Grand Order
1115:Lester L. Grabbe
1044:Whore of Babylon
1040:Alexander Hislop
1035:The Two Babylons
1028:The Two Babylons
1022:The Two Babylons
1005:Queen of Babylon
996:sword and sandal
988:Canterbury Tales
983:Geoffrey Chaucer
949:Titus Andronicus
886:Josef Mysliveček
870:La hija del aire
758:
717:Ara the Handsome
699:
695:
692:
685:Roman historian
661:
645:Ara the Handsome
566:Valerius Maximus
548:
501:Darius the Great
489:military dummies
403:
396:
392:
389:
383:
360:
352:
192:, and northwest
164:Diodorus Siculus
134:
126:
115:
104:
96:
95:
92:
91:
88:
83:
82:
79:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
61:
58:
55:
52:
49:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2517:
2516:
2488:, ed. (1911). "
2473:
2471:
2468:
2409:
2407:Primary sources
2404:
2399:
2398:
2390:
2386:
2372:
2368:
2356:Ralph Woodrow "
2355:
2351:
2344:
2328:
2324:
2315:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2277:
2256:
2247:
2245:
2234:
2230:
2221:
2217:
2209:Martin E Malia
2208:
2204:
2194:Arthur Honegger
2186:’s tragic poem
2154:
2150:
2143:
2126:
2122:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2053:
2044:
2037:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1958:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1917:(VI): 303–317.
1907:
1903:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1868:
1856:
1852:
1843:
1839:
1822:
1818:
1810:
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1776:
1772:
1756:
1755:
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1733:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1690:
1686:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1658:
1653:
1646:
1615:10.2307/4200490
1599:
1592:
1587:
1580:
1571:
1564:
1555:
1553:
1543:
1542:
1521:
1512:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1494:
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1475:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1421:
1405:
1401:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1361:
1357:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1317:
1313:
1295:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1234:
1133:
1056:Catholic Church
1052:goddess worship
1030:
1024:
1010:Yvonne Furneaux
898:Arthur Honegger
874:Antonio Vivaldi
852:
803:Triumph of Love
760:
751: —Dante's
750:
747:
744:
742:
736:
697:
693:
603:and throughout
550:
536:
533:
530:
521:
519:
513:
404:
393:
387:
384:
373:
361:
350:
324:In the city of
317:in the east to
307:Adad-nirari III
290:
284:
223:Adad-nirari III
209:, the original
158:, according to
85:
76:
46:
42:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2590:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2515:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2486:Chisholm, Hugh
2467:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2453:
2444:
2430:
2419:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2384:
2375:W. H. Thompson
2366:
2349:
2342:
2322:
2301:
2295:978-0567043207
2294:
2254:
2228:
2215:
2202:
2160:(in Italian).
2148:
2141:
2120:
2104:
2097:
2074:
2067:
2042:
2035:
2012:
2005:
1985:
1978:
1945:
1936:
1901:
1879:
1866:
1850:
1837:
1816:
1804:
1782:(2018-01-02),
1770:
1749:
1731:
1718:
1709:
1700:
1684:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1590:
1578:
1562:
1519:
1492:
1468:
1461:
1443:
1434:
1419:
1399:
1390:, p. 353.
1380:
1374:978-1426972034
1373:
1355:
1340:
1333:
1311:
1293:
1287:. Penguin UK.
1273:
1267:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1206:
1193:
1182:
1172:
1158:Fate/Apocrypha
1153:
1132:
1129:
1091:Tower of Babel
1050:and, with it,
1026:Main article:
1023:
1020:
1015:I am Semiramis
1008:(1954) and by
1000:Rhonda Fleming
913:Eugène Ionesco
851:
848:
739:
737:
735:
732:
516:
514:
512:
509:
406:
405:
364:
362:
355:
349:
346:
286:Main article:
283:
280:
215:Shamshi-Adad V
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2589:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
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2553:
2550:
2548:
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2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2481:public domain
2470:
2469:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2393:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2370:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2345:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2326:
2311:
2305:
2297:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2244:on 2014-03-28
2243:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2219:
2212:
2206:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2168:Antonio Cesti
2163:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2142:0-674-01130-9
2138:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2100:
2098:0-472-10206-0
2094:
2090:
2089:
2081:
2079:
2070:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2038:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2019:
2017:
2008:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1979:0-8143-2815-6
1975:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1940:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1897:
1896:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1876:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1847:
1841:
1834:
1833:3-7065-1409-5
1830:
1826:
1820:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1774:
1766:
1760:
1752:
1750:9780190059088
1746:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1722:
1713:
1704:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1681:
1677:
1672:
1663:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1497:
1482:
1481:www.atour.com
1478:
1472:
1464:
1462:9780190498726
1458:
1454:
1447:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1395:
1389:
1388:Bernbeck 2008
1384:
1376:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1351:
1344:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1277:
1270:
1268:9781405881180
1264:
1260:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1199:' 1949 novel
1198:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1125:Ralph Woodrow
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:queen consort
1079:
1078:Protestants.
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1001:
997:
992:
990:
989:
984:
980:
975:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
956:
951:
950:
945:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
920:
919:
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
862:
857:
847:
845:
841:
840:
835:
830:
827:
823:
819:
818:
813:
809:
805:
804:
799:
795:
791:
787:
786:
785:Divine Comedy
780:
778:
774:
769:
768:chastity belt
765:
759:
756:
755:
754:Divine Comedy
746:
731:
729:
724:
720:
718:
713:
709:
707:
703:
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
657:
651:
647:
646:
640:
636:
634:
633:Shamiramagerd
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
549:
546:
545:
540:
532:
528:
524:
508:
506:
502:
498:
493:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
454:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
425:According to
420:
416:
412:
402:
399:
391:
381:
377:
371:
370:
365:This section
363:
359:
354:
353:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
321:in the west.
320:
316:
312:
308:
299:
294:
289:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
229:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
207:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
130:
122:
118:
111:
107:
100:
94:
40:
33:
28:
22:
2510:
2503:
2493:
2456:
2447:
2433:
2422:
2416:
2402:Bibliography
2387:
2381:. p. 9.
2378:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2332:
2325:
2314:. Retrieved
2304:
2284:
2246:. Retrieved
2242:the original
2231:
2223:
2218:
2210:
2205:
2197:
2187:
2175:
2171:
2157:
2151:
2133:Famous Women
2132:
2123:
2112:
2107:
2087:
2057:
2025:
1995:
1988:
1963:
1939:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1894:
1875:De dea Syria
1874:
1869:
1862:De dea Syria
1861:
1853:
1845:
1840:
1819:
1809:, retrieved
1787:
1773:
1740:
1734:
1726:
1721:
1712:
1703:
1691:
1687:
1675:
1671:
1606:
1602:
1554:. Retrieved
1548:
1511:. Retrieved
1507:
1484:. Retrieved
1480:
1471:
1452:
1446:
1437:
1409:
1402:
1383:
1364:
1358:
1349:
1343:
1324:
1314:
1306:
1283:
1276:
1258:
1252:
1218:
1212:
1200:
1186:Malice Mizer
1178:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1123:
1113:
1110:
1080:
1033:
1031:
1013:
1003:
993:
986:
976:
953:
947:
941:
928:
916:
910:
905:
869:
859:
853:
837:
831:
815:
801:
789:
783:
781:
776:
764:Christianity
761:
752:
749:
740:
725:
721:
710:
684:
654:
642:
632:
607:as a whole,
594:
551:
542:
535:
517:
494:
470:
455:
451:
424:
414:
394:
385:
374:Please help
369:verification
366:
334:Shamshi-Adad
323:
303:
233:
204:
202:
197:
188:, southeast
184:, northeast
172:
135:
116:
105:
38:
37:
2460:ix.3, ext 4
2312:. Chick.com
2172:La Semirami
1727:Bibliotheke
1716:Diod. 2.16.
1707:Diod. 2.16.
1609:: 195–217.
1106:comic books
1076:evangelical
952:(II.1) and
902:Paul Valéry
858:'s tragedy
648:, 1899, by
625:Middle Ages
605:Mesopotamia
338:Shalmaneser
288:Shammuramat
256:Mesopotamia
206:Shammuramat
2521:Categories
2446:Justinus,
2425:( Schoene
2421:Eusebius,
2417:Compendium
2316:2014-08-11
2248:2013-01-04
1811:2021-04-06
1556:2016-04-13
1513:2013-01-04
1486:2020-08-24
1429:1011412893
1303:1004570108
1244:References
1202:Silverlock
1190:Illuminati
1099:Jack Chick
1060:conspiracy
1048:polytheism
918:The Chairs
822:Florentine
698: 400
696: – c.
694: 330
668:Asia Minor
196:still use
144:Babylonian
2527:Semiramis
2490:Semīramis
2432:Orosius,
2377:(1964) .
2198:Sémiramis
2111:Orosius,
1943:Lib. XIV.
1931:0013-8266
1759:cite book
1725:Diodorus
1639:194130782
1623:0021-0889
1576:xvi. I. 2
1192:" (1998).
1175:Semiramis
906:Semiramis
868:'s drama
861:Sémiramis
672:Euphrates
656:Herodotus
597:monuments
562:Polyaenus
481:Supratika
477:Aethiopia
458:Bactrians
388:July 2017
252:Euphrates
248:Herodotus
236:monuments
178:Assyrians
174:Armenians
136:Samīrāmīs
125:Σεμίραμις
39:Semiramis
2427:pp.53-63
2189:Semirâma
2180:La Scala
2178:(Milan,
2131:(2003).
1877:, 33, 39
1873:Lucian,
1666:iii. 155
1232:See also
1018:(1963).
935:, 1624,
915:'s play
856:Voltaire
798:Petrarch
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