2833:[José Carlos Mariátegui, one of the most influential Peruvian intellectuals of the 20th century, is recognised by the different left-wing tendencies as the founder of socialism in the country. After his death in 1930, the organisation he had founded quickly aligned itself with the parties of the Third International, influenced by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), and adopted the name of the Peruvian Communist Party (PCP). (...) In the early 1960s, the repercussions of the Sino-Soviet polemic were felt within the Peruvian left and precipitated its split. On one side was the majority of trade union cadres aligned with the positions of the CPSU. On the other, the party's youth, teachers' cadres and peasant work nuclei, flying the Maoist banners. To distinguish them, the other parties began to use the name of their respective newspapers. PCP-Unity for the pro-Soviets. PCP-Red Flag for the pro-Chinese. (...) At the time of the split, Abimael Guzmán, by then a communist leader of the ‘José Carlos Mariátegui’ Regional Committee of Ayacucho, aligned himself with the PCP-Red Flag, led by the lawyer Saturnino Paredes. The unity of the Maoists, however, was short-lived. In 1967, the youth and an important sector of the teachers' work split to form the Communist Party of Peru-Red Fatherland. Although the youth offered him the leadership of this split, Guzmán continued to align himself with Saturnino Paredes, but by then he had long since formed his own ‘red faction’ in Ayacucho.]
2831:
Internacional, influenciados por el
Partido Comunista de la Unión Soviética (PCUS), y adoptó el nombre de Partido Comunista Peruano (PCP). (...) A principios de los años 60s, las repercusiones de la polémica chino-soviética se hicieron sentir dentro de la izquierda peruana y precipitaron su división. De un lado quedó la mayoría de cuadros sindicales alineados con las posiciones del PCUS. De otro, la juventud del partido, cuadros magisteriales y núcleos de trabajo campesino, enarbolando las banderas maoístas. Para distinguirlos, el resto de partidos comenzó a usar el nombre de sus respectivos periódicos. PCP-Unidad para los prosoviéticos. PCP-Bandera Roja para los prochinos. (...) En el momento de la ruptura, Abimael Guzmán, ya para entonces dirigente comunista del Comité Regional «José Carlos Mariátegui» de Ayacucho, se alineó con el PCP-Bandera Roja, dirigido por el abogado Saturnino Paredes. La unidad de los maoístas, sin embargo, duró poco. En 1967, la juventud y un sector importante del trabajo magisterial se escindieron para formar el Partido Comunista del Perú-Patria Roja. A pesar de que los jóvenes le ofrecieron encabezar esa escisión, Guzmán siguió alineándose con Saturnino Paredes, pero para entonces hacía ya tiempo que había formado su propia «fracción roja» en Ayacucho.
1555:
destroying coca plants. Following the attack, the
Shining Path faction, based in the Upper Huallaga Valley of Peru and headed by Florindo Eleuterio Flores Hala, alias Comrade Artemio, was operating in survival mode and lost 9 of their top 10 leaders to Peruvian National Police-led capture operations. Two of the eight leaders were killed by PNP personnel during the attempted captures. The nine arrested or killed Shining Path (Upper Huallaga Valley faction) leaders include Mono (Aug. 2009), Rubén (May 2010), Izula (Oct. 2010), Sergio (Dec. 2010), Yoli/Miguel/Jorge (Jun. 2011), Gato Larry (Jun. 2011), Oscar Tigre (Aug. 2011), Vicente Roger (Aug. 2011), and Dante/Delta (Jan. 2012). This loss of leadership, coupled with a sweep of Shining Path (Upper Huallaga Valley) supporters executed by the PNP in November 2010, prompted Comrade Artemio to declare in December 2011 to several international journalists that the guerrilla war against the Peruvian Government has been lost and that his only hope was to negotiate an amnesty agreement with the Government of Peru.
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candidate to succeed
Artemio, was captured on 3 March, further ensuring the disintegration of the Alto Huallaga valley faction. On 3 April 2012, Jaime Arenas Caviedes, a senior leader in the group's remnants in Alto Huallaga Valley who was also regarded to be the leading candidate to succeed Artemio following Diaz's arrest, was captured. After Caviedes, alias "Braulio", was captured, Humala declared that the Shining Path was now unable to operate in the Alto Huallaga Valley. Shining Path rebels carried out an attack on three helicopters being used by an international gas pipeline consortium on 7 October, in the central region of Cusco. According to the military Joint Command spokesman, Col. Alejandro Lujan, no one was kidnapped or injured during the attack. The capture of Artemio effectively ended the war between Shining Path and the Government of Peru.
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their own groups and factions in other student organisations and to reflect on revolution and "the thesis of the great Lenin on the participation of women and the success of a revolution" from 1968 onwards. During these years, more and more women were studying and trying to enter the labour market. The percentage of women at university in
Ayacucho was particularly high: in 1968, 30% of students were women, mainly in the departments of obstetrics and social and educational services. The unequal access to work and education exacerbated the differences between classes and between rural and urban populations, especially within the female population. Women became increasingly involved and organised in various movements as an expression of their protest and frustration.
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Shining Path; 11 percent said they had a favorable opinion of the
Shining Path, and some 31 percent would not answer the question." A September 1991 poll found that 21 percent of those polled in Lima believed that the Shining Path did not torture and kill innocent people. The same poll found that 13 percent believed that society would be more just if the Shining Path won the war and 22 percent believed society would be equally just under the Shining Path as it was under the government. Polls have never been completely accurate since Peru has several anti-terrorism laws, including "apologia for terrorism", that makes it a punishable offense for anyone who does not condemn the Shining Path. In effect, the laws make it illegal to support the group in any way.
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outset; the success of the internal
Peruvian revolution was explicitly made dependent on the participation of women. Up to forty per cent of the guerrillas were women, and there were countless "ladies of death" who led military commandos. In 1992, at least eight of the nineteen members of the Central Committee were women, including three of the five members of the Politburo, and in 1980 more than a third of the women arrested had a degree. In criminal proceedings against senderista in 1987, the majority were women. The Shining Path was the first guerrilla organisation to incorporate women on a completely equal military footing with its male members, actively recruiting women on a large scale and appointing them to leading positions.
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1806:... The commission attributed some of the other slayings to a smaller guerrilla group and local militias. The rest remain unattributed." The MRTA was held responsible for 1.5% of the deaths. A 2019 study disputed the casualty figures from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, estimating instead "a total of 48,000 killings, substantially lower than the TRC estimate", and concluding that "the Peruvian State accounts for a significantly larger share than the Shining Path." The TRC later came out to respond to these statements.
45:
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1818:. Between 1989 and 1992, the Shining Path and the MRTA killed up to 500 "non-heterosexual" people. According to one woman who was kidnapped by the Shining Path in 1981, a homosexual man's penis was cut into pieces before he was murdered. The Peruvian government did not reveal the name of the victim. The Shining Path defended its actions by saying that LGBT individuals were not killed because of their sexual identity, instead, they were killed because of their "collaboration with the police."
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1472:, called "Ormeño", was captured, followed by another leader, Florentino Cerrón Cardozo, called "Marcelo", in July 2003. In November of the same year, Jaime Zuñiga, called "Cirilo" or "Dalton", was arrested after a clash in which four guerrillas were killed and an officer was wounded. Officials said he took part in planning the kidnapping of the Techint pipeline workers. He was also thought to have led an ambush against an army helicopter in 1999 in which five soldiers died.
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477:). It followed a "concentric construction" model of structure with Communist Party organs as the complete center, followed by the People's Guerrilla Army surrounding it, and lastly the United Front in the outermost circle. This ensured the political party retained control of both its armed and social branches, contrasting itself with the more frequent
1700:). The RPND was first named at the third session of the first central committee, held in 1983, with its establishment meaning that the armed branch of the group would become a "People's Liberation Army," as per the group's so-called grand plan. Additionally, the term "People's Republic" was also suggested as a possible name for the upcoming state.
1526:, the guerrillas engaged a military convoy with explosives and firearms, demonstrating their continued ability to strike and inflict casualties on military targets. The conflict resulted in the death of 12 soldiers and two to seven civilians. It came one day after a clash in the Vizcatan region, which left five rebels and one soldier dead.
1584:) of the National Police, the Shining Path planned to initiate operations against the Government of Peru that included killings and surprise attacks beginning in 2021, the bicentennial of Peru's independence. Objectives were created to first attack public officials, then regain lost territory and then finally overthrow the government.
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included among those arrested. Operation Olimpo included 752 military personnel and 98 government prosecutors that utilized evidence obtained through wiretapping, undercover agents and surveillance. Those arrested were charged with operating shell operations to initiate terrorist activities in Callao and Lima.
1522:, a Peruvian human rights group, which believed that those who were killed were in fact local farmers and not rebels. That same month, Artemio gave his first recorded interview since 2006. In it, he stated that the Shining Path would continue to fight despite escalating military pressure. In October 2008, in
1028:", a Maoist practice intended to purge bad habits and avoid the repetition of mistakes. During the existence of the First Military School, members of the Central Committee came under heavy criticism. Guzmán did not, and he emerged from the First Military School as the clear leader of the Shining Path.
1529:
In
November 2008, the rebels utilized hand grenades and automatic weapons in an assault that claimed the lives of 4 police officers. In April 2009, the Shining Path ambushed and killed 13 government soldiers in Ayacucho. Grenades and dynamite were used in the attack. The dead included eleven soldiers
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declared a state of emergency in Huánuco and gave the police the power to search houses and arrest suspects without a warrant. On 19 February 2006, the
Peruvian police killed Héctor Aponte, believed to be the commander responsible for the ambush. In December 2006, Peruvian troops were sent to counter
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culture and institutions. However, they had also made agreements and alliances with some indigenous tribes. Some did not like the brutality of its "popular trials" that sometimes included "slitting throats, strangulation, stoning, and burning." Peasants were offended by the rebels' injunction against
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The
Shining Path quickly seized control of large areas of Peru. The group had significant support among peasant communities, and it had the support of some slum dwellers in the capital and elsewhere. The Shining Path's interpretation of Maoism did not have the support of many city dwellers. According
1834:
The
Movimiento Femenino Popular (MFP) group was officially formed in 1974 from the merger of two groups, the Centro Femenino Popular and the Frente Femenino Universitario. The "MFP Manifiesto" traces the origins of the group back to the mid-1960s, when female students and academics began to organise
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highlands. It gained support from local peasants by filling the political void left by the central government and providing what they called "popular justice", public trials that disregard any legal and human rights that deliver swift and brutal sentences including public executions. This caused the
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Guzman urged his followers to "continue the tasks" laid out by the guerrilla leadership. He ended his seven-minute talk, declaring, "The people's war will triumph, and from here we salute the future birth of the People's Republic of Peru." Then he shouted to journalists, "That's all. If you want an
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between 1980 and 2000 as a result of the armed conflict. The Shining Path was found to be responsible for about 54% of the deaths and disappearances reported to the commission. A statistical analysis of the available data led the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to estimate that the Shining Path
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Initial government efforts to fight the Shining Path were not very effective or promising. Military units engaged in many human rights violations, which caused the Shining Path to appear in the eyes of many as the lesser of two evils. They used excessive force, tortured individuals accused of being
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The capture of Guzmán left a huge leadership vacuum for the Shining Path. "There is no No. 2. There is only Presidente Gonzalo and then the party," a Shining Path political officer said at a birthday celebration for Guzmán in Lurigancho prison in December 1990. "Without President Gonzalo, we would
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By 1990, the Shining Path had about 3,000 armed members at its greatest extent. The group had gained control of much of the countryside of the center and south of Peru and had a large presence in the outskirts of Lima. The Shining Path began to fight against Peru's other major guerrilla group, the
1475:
In 2003, the Peruvian National Police broke up several Shining Path training camps and captured many members and leaders. By late October 2003, there were 96 attacks in Peru, projecting a 15% decrease from the 134 kidnappings and armed attacks in 2002. Also for the year, eight or nine people were
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Following a five-year intelligence operation that began in 2015 and was codenamed Operation Olimpo, 71 alleged members of the Shining Path's United Front and People's Guerrilla Army were arrested on 2 December 2020. Alfredo Crespo, the secretary general of MOVADEF and Guzmán's former lawyer, was
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suspected of supporting the Shining Path. They eventually lessened the pace at which the armed forces committed atrocities such as massacres. Additionally, the state began the widespread use of intelligence agencies in its fight against the Shining Path. However, atrocities were committed by the
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to be justifiable in June 1988, while only 17 percent considered it justifiable in 1991. In June 1991, "the total sample disapproved of the Shining Path by an 83 to 7 percent margin, with 10 percent not answering the question. Among the poorest, however, only 58 percent stated disapproval of the
1151:
him, set him on fire, and finally shot him. The Shining Path's retaliation to this was one of the worst attacks in the entire conflict, with a group of guerrilla members entering the town and going house by house, killing dozens of villagers, including babies, with guns, hatchets, and axes. This
1023:
Guzmán believed that communism required a "popular war" and distanced himself from organizing workers. Beginning on 17 March 1980, the Shining Path held a series of clandestine meetings in Ayacucho, known as the Central Committee's second plenary. It formed a "Revolutionary Directorate" that was
1830:
The number of women involved in the armed struggle remained high throughout the war, participating at almost all logistical, military and strategic levels as militants, guerrilla commanders and top party leaders of the organisation. The high proportion of women was a given and desired from the
1651:
Ideologically Maoist, the Shining Path is unique because it did not completely accept orthodox Marxist doctrine, instead, it considered the teachings of Guzmán to supersede the teachings of Marx, Lenin, Stalin and Mao. Guzmán's philosophy combined Marxism-Leninism, Maoism and indigenous Indian
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government would respond "drastically and swiftly" to any violent action. In September that same year, a comprehensive sweep by police in five cities found 17 suspected members. According to the interior minister, eight of the arrested were school teachers and high-level school administrators.
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The Movement for Amnesty and Fundamental Rights (MOVADEF) was created on 20 November 2009 when Alfredo Crespo, the defense lawyer of Abimael Guzmán, and fifteen others gathered. MOVADEF has three sub-branches; the Central Historical Committee, the Provisional Central Committee and the National
1554:
On 28 April 2010, Shining Path rebels in Peru ambushed and killed a police officer and two civilians who were destroying coca plantations of Aucayacu, in the central region of Haunuco, Peru. The victims were gunned down by sniper fire coming from the thick forest as more than 200 workers were
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and identifying himself as one of the Shining Path's leaders, said in a media interview that the group would resume violent operations unless the Peruvian government granted amnesty to other top Shining Path leaders within 60 days. Peru's Interior Minister, Fernando Rospigliosi, said that the
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José Carlos Mariátegui, uno de los más influyentes intelectuales peruanos del S.XX, es reconocido por las diferentes tendencias de izquierda como fundador del socialismo en el país. Luego se su muerte en 1930, la organización que había fundado se alineó rápidamente con los partidos de la III
1735:, but we have used their legal devices to unmask and denounce the old Peruvian state... For us, human rights are contradictory to the rights of the people, because we base rights in man as a social product, not man as an abstract with innate rights. "Human rights" do not exist except for the
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said the capture of Artemio marked the defeat of the Shining Path in the Alto Huallaga valley – a center of cocaine production. President Humala has stated that he would now step up the fight against the remaining bands of Shining Path rebels in the Ene-Apurímac valley. Walter Diaz, the lead
1821:
The Shining Path has denied such allegations, stating, "It is probable that the PCP has executed a homosexual, but rest assured that it was not done because of their sexual orientation but because of their position against the revolution... Our view is that homosexual orientation is not an
1194:. On 24 April 1985, in the midst of presidential elections, it tried to assassinate Domingo García Rada, the president of the Peruvian National Electoral Council, severely injuring him and mortally wounding his driver. In 1988, Constantin (Gus) Gregory, an American citizen working for the
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1396:, who himself was captured by Peruvian authorities in 1999. After Ramírez's capture, the group further splintered, guerrilla activity diminished sharply, and peace returned to the areas where the Shining Path had been active. The three remaining splinter groups were a collective in
1024:
political and military in nature and ordered its militias to transfer to strategic areas in the provinces to start the "armed struggle". The group also held its "First Military School", where members were instructed in military tactics and the use of weapons. They also engaged in "
1660:, he described his form of Marxist-Maoist thought as a "shining path" towards the liberation of Peru's natives. Because of this, the Shining Path also featured elements of Incan particularism, and it also rejected outside influences, especially non-indigenous influences.
462:(VRAEM) region. The group allegedly obtains its revenue from cocaine trafficking. The MPCP has attempted to recharacterize and distance itself from the original Shining Path groups that had attacked rural communities in the area, describing Abimael Guzman as a "traitor".
1759:
and landowner-bureaucratic states. Bourgeois states in general... Our position is very clear. We reject and condemn human rights because they are bourgeois, reactionary, counterrevolutionary rights, and are today a weapon of revisionists and imperialists, principally
1538:, said these attacks were "desperate responses by the Shining Path in the face of advances by the armed forces" and expressed his belief that the area would soon be freed of "leftover terrorists". In the aftermath, a Sendero leader called this "the strongest blow
741:, EGP) was created for the purposes of combat, mobilization and producing an income for Shining Path. The Army was officially created on 3 December 1982. Recently the EGP has made money from selling cigarettes, clothes, candy, competitions and other methods.
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The Front for Unity and Defense of the Peruvian People (FUDEPP) was created in 2015. In association with MOVADEF, the group announced that it had 73 provincial committees and allegedly received 400,000 to 500,000 signatures for the JNE to participate in the
1862:" as a response to the arrest of Abimael Guzman the previous year. The video expresses support for Guzman and the Shining Path, featuring various clips of the organization's activities, as well as showing the band in a cage to mimic Guzman's imprisonment.
1822:
ideological matter but one of individual preference... Party membership is open to all those who support the cause of communist revolution and the principles of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, Gonzalo Thought, regardless of what their sexual preferences may be."
1111:
the power to arbitrarily detain any suspicious person. The military abused this power, arresting scores of innocent people, at times subjecting them to torture during interrogation as well as rape. Members of the Peruvian Armed Forces began to wear black
1065:. It was the first "act of war" by the Shining Path. The perpetrators were quickly caught, and additional ballots were shipped to Chuschi. The elections proceeded without further problems, and the incident received little attention in the Peruvian press.
1663:
The Shining Path declared that it was a feminist organization and in accordance with this declaration, many women acquired leadership positions. In the organisation, 40% of the fighters and 50% of the members of its Central Committee were women.
6677:
5345:
The Threat of the Shining Path to Democracy in Peru: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, Second Session, March 11 and 12,
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renewed guerrilla activity, and according to high-level government officials, the Shining Path's strength has reached an estimated 300 members. In November 2007, police said they killed Artemio's second-in-command, a guerrilla known as JL.
1992:
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The United Front serves as the political and bureaucratic arm of the Shining Path. It has two main branches: the Movement for Amnesty and Fundamental Rights (MOVADEF) and the Front for Unity and Defense of the Peruvian People (FUDEPP).
3440:
775:
Some of the peasants of territories captured by the Shining Path are grouped into the FB, typically serving as reservists armed with handheld weapons such as knives, spears and machetes. FB members occasionally serve in surveillance
1577:, the Peruvian government blamed remnants of the Shining Path for a guerrilla attack that killed eight soldiers and two civilians. Shining Path snipers killed three police officers in the Ene Apurimac Valley on 18 March 2017.
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1615:
Another notable splinter group called the Communist Party of Peru – Red Mantaro Base Committee (PCP-CBMR), which remains loyal to Abimael Guzman, also operates in the VRAEM region. According to the human rights organization
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district of Lima. GEIN had been monitoring the apartment since a number of suspected Shining Path militants had visited it. An inspection of the garbage of the apartment produced empty tubes of a skin cream used to treat
1389:– supposedly its social base. When Guzmán called for peace talks with the Peruvian government, the organization fractured into splinter groups, with some Shining Path members in favor of such talks and others opposed.
2349:
2891:"Con auspicios de la corona española y del Poder Pontificio, el 3 de julio de 1677 el obispo de la Diócesis de Huamanga, don Cristóbal de Castilla y Zamora, fundó la 'Universitas Guamangensis Sancti Christhophosi'
1604:. The MPCP has attempted to recharacterize themselves to distance itself from the original Shining Path groups that had attacked rural communities in the area, describing Abimael Guzman as a traitor. According to
3807:
3182:
Sandra Coliver, Paul Hoffman, Joan Fitzpatrick, Stephen Bowman, Secrecy and Liberty: National Security, Freedom of Expression and Access To Information, (Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague Publishers,) 1999, p.
1123:". They were generally poorly equipped, despite being provided arms by the state. The rondas would attack the Shining Path guerrillas, with the first such reported attack occurring in January 1983, near
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near the government palace and the justice palace. It was believed to be responsible for bombing a shopping mall. At the time, President Fernando Belaúnde Terry was receiving the Argentine president
1057:
for the first time in twelve years in 1980, the Shining Path was one of the few leftist political groups that declined to take part. It chose instead to begin a guerrilla war in the highlands of the
1096:
in the region where the Shining Path was operating. The Interior Minister, José María de la Jara, believed the group could be easily defeated through police actions. Additionally, the president,
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These members are local agricultural workers who are provided minor weapons and periodically assist FP members, then later return to their work. Skilled FL members are moved into the FP's ranks.
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1851:", as saying "We practice selective annihilation of mayors and government officials, for example, to create a vacuum, then we fill that vacuum. As popular war advances, peace is closer."
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Comrade Artemio was convicted of terrorism, drug trafficking, and money laundering on 7 June 2013. He was sentenced to life in prison and a fine of $ 183 million. On 11 August 2013,
1454:
to Lima. According to sources from Peru's Interior Ministry, the rebels asked for a sizable ransom to free the hostages. Two days later, after a rapid military response which involved a
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401:(VRAEM) region of Peru, and it has since distanced itself from the Shining Path's legacy in 2018 in order to maintain the support of peasants previously persecuted by the Shining Path.
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and one captain, and two soldiers were also injured, with one reported missing. Poor communications were said to have made relay of the news difficult. The country's Defense Minister,
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1708:
Although the reliability of reports regarding the Shining Path's actions remains a matter of controversy in Peru, the organization's use of violence is well documented. According to
1000:, where Guzmán taught philosophy. The university had recently reopened after being closed for about half a century. Between 1973 and 1975, Shining Path members gained control of the
454:
The Shining Path splintered into several groups following its collapse in support. In 1999, brothers Víctor and Jorge Quispe Palomino split from the Shining Path and established the
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Within the United Front, the Shining Path instrumented multiple smaller "mass organizations", usually specified to a particular purpose or issue. Examples of these include:
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machine gun. Due to proficiency in armaments, this group is tasked with ambushing police and soldiers. They do not remain in locations, usually traveling across regions.
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2895:... Clausurada en 1886 y reabierta 80 años después, reiniciando sus labores académicas el 3 de julio de 1959 como 'Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga.'"
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1620:, the PCP-CBMR has infiltrated schools in the area setting up "Popular Schools" to spread the group's propaganda. The group has in the past signed documents with the
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announced that Shining Path militants had attacked a military outpost in southern Ayacucho province. One soldier was killed and three others wounded in the assault.
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The Peruvian government also cracked down on the Shining Path in other ways. Military personnel were dispatched to areas dominated by the Shining Path, especially
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Throughout the 1980s, the Shining Path grew both in terms of the territory it controlled and in the number of militants in its organization, particularly in the
6642:
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1465:, the rebels abandoned the hostages; according to government sources, no ransom was paid. However, there were rumors that US$ 200,000 was paid to the rebels.
1085:. At times, the civilian population of small, neglected towns participated in popular trials, especially when the victims of the trials were widely disliked.
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2897:"Closed in 1886 and reopened 80 years later, it restarted its academic work 3 July 1959 as the 'National University of Saint Christopher of Huamanga.'"
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as an organized class in the Communist Party, with the experience of triumphant revolutions, with the construction of socialism, new democracy and the
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1378:, a condition that Guzmán was known to have. Shortly after the raid that captured Guzmán, most of the remaining Shining Path leadership fell as well.
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was responsible for the death or disappearance of 31,331 people, 46% of the total deaths and disappearances. According to a summary of the report by
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On 29 December 1981, the government declared an "emergency zone" in the three Andean regions of Ayacucho, Huancavelica, and Apurímac and granted the
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La Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación. 28 August 2003. "2.19. La Universidad Nacional de educación Enrique Guzmán y Valle «La Cantuta»."
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1175:. Escalating its activities in Lima, in June 1985, it blew up electricity transmission towers in Lima, producing a blackout, and detonated
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peasantry of some Peruvian villages to express some sympathy for the Shining Path, especially in the impoverished and neglected regions of
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Nathaniel C. Nash: Shining Path Women: So Many and So Furios.. Lima Journal, Abschnitt A. The New York Times, New York. 22 September 1992.
1502:
Despite these arrests, the Shining Path continued to exist in Peru. On 22 December 2005, the Shining Path ambushed a police patrol in the
1186:
During this period, the Shining Path assassinated specific individuals, notably leaders of other leftist groups, local political parties,
989:(1978), he expressed his own conviction of the necessity that revolutionary activity in Peru follow strictly the teachings of Mao Zedong.
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1245:
The Shining Path followed Mao Zedong's dictum that guerrilla warfare should start in the countryside and gradually choke off the cities.
1100:, who returned to power in 1980, was reluctant to cede authority to the armed forces since his first government had ended in a military
5716:
5128:
5119:
4944:"Reality and risk: A refutation of S. Rendón's analysis of the Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission's conflict mortality study"
4746:
3490:
3427:
1782:
1580:
In a document 400 pages in length recovered from a mid-level Shining Path commander and analyzed by the Counter-Terrorism Directorate (
1515:
4023:
2105:
5597:
4214:
886:
5094:
1558:
On 12 February 2012, Comrade Artemio was found badly wounded after a clash with troops in a remote jungle region of Peru. President
981:, an agronomist who became a leader of the Shining Path, made several important contributions to the group's ideology. In his books
6348:
5567:
5020:
4071:
1621:
409:
The common name of this group, the Shining Path, distinguishes it from several other Peruvian communist parties with similar names
352:
6333:
5301:
3010:
7260:
7225:
7220:
5967:
5942:
5562:
5433:
4862:"Capturing correctly: A reanalysis of the indirect capture–recapture methods in the Peruvian Truth and Reconciliation Commission"
4827:
4774:
4763:
2878:
2562:
1124:
964:
573:
356:
183:
178:
5785:
4378:
993:
446:. All documents, periodicals, and other materials produced by the organization are signed as the Communist Party of Peru (PCP).
7118:
6451:
6253:
5898:
5800:
4353:
1744:
1609:
1425:
1249:
560:
3466:
3023:
1600:(VRAEM) region, reportedly making revenue by escorting cocaine traffickers and are reportedly led by two brothers; Víctor and
7215:
5858:
5354:
5325:
5264:
5193:
5172:
4560:
4190:
3760:
3514:
1728:
1025:
959:
Presidente Gonzalo), and a group of 11 others. Guzmán was heavily influenced by a trip to China and admired the teachings of
6220:
4996:«El Movimiento Homosexual Peruano pide un castigo contra el líder de Sendero Luminoso por la muerte de 500 gays y travestis»
3426:
La Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación. 28 August 2003. "2.45. Las Ejecuciones Extrajudiciales en Barrios Altos (1991.)"
3074:"A Most Unlikely Target : Good Samaritan Aiding the Peruvian Poor Became a Casualty in the Nation's Political Struggle"
1208:
7184:
6278:
6036:
5721:
5592:
4843:
2707:
Roncagliolo, Santiago (2007). "3 – Por el Sendero Luminoso de Mariátegui" [3 – On the Shining Path of Mariategui].
1317:
1276:
took office in 1990, he responded to Shining Path with repressive force. His government issued a law in 1991 that gave the
2251:
1159:
The Shining Path's attacks were not limited to the countryside. It executed several attacks against the infrastructure in
6753:
6341:
5848:
3453:
2167:
2028:
1732:
1593:
1405:
724:
628:
455:
394:
20:
2975:
2144:
7245:
7235:
6461:
5552:
5426:
4288:
3902:
3741:
1013:
796:(JNE) in 2011, though the application was denied. The Peruvian government has accused MOVADEF of advocating terrorism.
3921:
7230:
7070:
6733:
6662:
6364:
5287:
5215:
5095:"Disputed reality: 'Bombtrack' and Peru's internal armed conflict The song remains controversial to this day in Peru"
4713:
3788:
3601:
3548:
3345:
3235:
3201:
3137:
3116:
2720:
2538:
1951:
1931:
1913:
1895:
1163:, killing civilians in the process. In 1983, it sabotaged several electrical transmission towers, causing a citywide
1017:
240:
2588:
1570:, the Shining Path's leader in the Ene-Apurímac Valley, was killed in a battle with government forces in Llochegua.
1020:. Sometime later, it lost many student elections in the universities, including Guzmán's San Cristóbal of Huamanga.
7250:
7147:
7112:
5627:
4432:
1656:-speaking Incans and mestizos. The party's name was also coined by Guzmán, who infused his communist rhetoric with
315:" in 1980, the Shining Path's goal was to overthrow the government through guerrilla warfare and replace it with a
4458:
1442:
On 9 June 2003, a Shining Path group attacked a camp in Ayacucho and took 68 employees of the Argentinian company
6862:
6571:
6107:
5622:
5517:
5010:, artículo en el sitio web GPUC (Grupo Universitario por la Diversidad Sexual). Consultado el 9 de abril de 2012.
5007:
4406:
4339:
1752:
1637:
1385:
At the same time, the Shining Path suffered embarrassing military defeats to self-defense organizations of rural
320:
291:
135:
5492:
3969:
3311:
3153:
Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame. Citing Balibi, C.R. 1991. "Una inquietante encuesta de opinión."
2425:
7058:
4646:
4621:
2773:
2505:
Inicio, Desarrollo y Ocaso del Terrorismo en el Perú: el ABC de Sendero Luminoso y el MRTA ampliado y comentado
1574:
1393:
1284:("Committees of Self-Defense"). They were officially armed, usually with 12-gauge shotguns, and trained by the
834:
801:
386:
74:
5869:
5384:
5068:
4484:"Joint Declaration: The international unity of the communists demands the defeat of revisionism and centrism!"
7300:
7064:
5378:
5342:
United States Congress House Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs (1992).
3285:
2484:
2290:
1506:, killing eight. Later that day, they wounded an additional two police officers. In response, then President
1439:. Nine people were killed, and 30 were injured; the attack was suspected to be the work of the Shining Path.
1237:
Many peasants were unhappy with the Shining Path's rule for a variety of reasons, such as its disrespect for
1220:
902:
509:
3036:
2462:
1592:
Into the 2020s, Shining Path has existed in remaining splinter groups. The main remaining group, called the
362:
The Shining Path has been widely condemned for its excessive brutality, including violence deployed against
7123:
7094:
6907:
6902:
6385:
5711:
3679:
3368:
3192:
Del Pino H., Ponciano. "Family, Culture, and 'Revolution': Everyday Life with Sendero Luminoso," p. 179 in
1815:
122:
6961:
6952:
6667:
5706:
5296:
Starn, Orin. "Maoism in the Andes: The Communist Party of Peru-Shining Path and the refusal of history."
5136:
3102:
2350:"Peru's Multidimensional Challenge – Part 2: the economic crisis, public insecurity, and organized crime"
972:
418:
3073:
1802:... killed about half the victims, and roughly one-third died at the hands of government security forces
1420:
Although the organization's numbers had lessened by 2003, a militant faction of the Shining Path called
1292:
as of 2005; almost 4,000 are located in the central region of Peru, the stronghold of the Shining Path.
425:(from which the rest of communist parties split; now commonly known as the "PCP-Unidad") in the 1920s: "
7305:
7100:
7042:
7022:
6997:
6419:
6041:
5738:
5527:
4794:
4688:
3874:
2220:
2102:"MOFA: Implementation of the Measures including the Freezing of Assets against Terrorists and the Like"
1307:
were declared emergency zones, allowing for some constitutional rights to be suspended in those areas.
1238:
978:
817:
793:
5241:
Martín-Baró, I. (1988) El Salvador 1987. Estudios Centroamericanos (ECA), No. 471-472, pp. 21–45.
4046:"Policía Nacional capturó a cabecilla terrorista 'Sergio' en el Alto Huallaga | El Comercio Perú"
2127:
1097:
347:
of the world communist movement. The Shining Path's ideology and tactics have influenced other Maoist
7315:
6872:
6852:
5948:
5667:
5607:
5577:
5547:
5532:
5449:
1352:
1321:
1037:
825:
604:
465:
The Shining Path primarily comprises two groups and their sub-branches; the People's Guerrilla Army (
1369:(GEIN) captured Guzmán and several Shining Path leaders in an apartment above a dance studio in the
1171:
industrial plant. That same year, it set off a powerful bomb in the offices of the governing party,
393:
in 2012, the Shining Path declined in activity. The main remaining faction of the Shining Path, the
6967:
6773:
6516:
6363:
5691:
5279:
5142:
4020:"Senderista 'Izula' es responsable del secuestro y asesinato de 40 civiles | El Comercio Perú"
3108:
2131:
2009:
1855:
968:
422:
5844:
5672:
3714:
United States Department of State, Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism. 29 April 2004.
3226:
Starn, Orin. "Villagers at Arms: War and Counterrevolution in the Central-South Andes," p. 237 in
1608:, Shining Path's stronghold in the VRAEM, headquartered in Vizcatán, is a similar strategy as the
1119:
In some areas, the military trained peasants and organized them into anti-rebel militias, called "
1061:. On 17 May 1980, on the eve of the presidential elections, it burned ballot boxes in the town of
963:. His teachings created the foundation of its militant Maoist doctrine. It was an offshoot of the
378:, and Canada, all of whom consequently prohibit funding and other financial support to the group.
7255:
7141:
7106:
6947:
6877:
6867:
6687:
6429:
6024:
5983:
5587:
5522:
5053:
Jaymie Patricia Heilman: "Family Ties: The Political Genealogy of Shining Path's Comrade Norah".
1311:
sympathizers and killed many innocent civilians. Government forces destroyed villages and killed
894:
150:
6748:
4098:"Entrevista con senderista 'Artemio': "No vamos a realizar más ataques" | El Comercio Perú"
1755:, it has been proven that human rights serve the oppressor class and the exploiters who run the
6977:
6783:
6531:
6306:
6079:
5582:
4575:
1333:
1088:
The Shining Path's credibility benefited from the government's initially tepid response to the
851:
760:
4509:"Estos son los videos y audios que demuestran cómo Sendero se reinventó en Movadef | POLITICA"
3772:
1531:
7210:
7129:
6892:
6405:
5995:
5406:
5207:
5164:
3858:
3728:
3573:
2971:
1468:
Government forces have captured three leading Shining Path members. In April 2000, Commander
1300:
1230:
1172:
1156:. Additional massacres of civilians by the Shining Path would occur throughout the conflict.
858:
3621:
7135:
6856:
6847:
6763:
5418:
5246:
3830:
3214:
2101:
1993:
The Intelligent Homosexual's Guide to Capitalism and Socialism with a Key to the Scriptures
1986:
1887:
1875:
1790:
1677:
1455:
1153:
1113:
619:
432:
5148:
Crenshaw, Martha, "Theories of Terrorism: Instrumental and Organizational Approaches" in:
4301:
4258:
4232:
4166:
4123:
3715:
3097:
1778:
1355:, full of civilian adults and children, killing 25 people and injuring an additional 155.
8:
7002:
6972:
6526:
5637:
5617:
5572:
2019:
2014:
1881:
1645:
1523:
1462:
1447:
1325:
1082:
792:
Executive Committee (CEN). The branch filed to become a political party in Peru with the
340:
324:
4075:
3691:
3059:
940:
6833:
6481:
6007:
5819:
5542:
5202:
Isbell, Billie Jean (1994). "Shining Path and Peasant Responses in Rural Ayacucho". In
4548:
3606:
3519:
3055:
2994:
1943:
1938:
1795:
1723:
The Shining Path rejected the concept of human rights; a Shining Path document stated:
1653:
1180:
1093:
160:
5379:
The People's War in Perú Archive – Information about the Communist Party of Perú (PCP)
4771:
4760:
3401:
2870:
1747:
were advanced for the bourgeoisie of the past. But today, since the appearance of the
1078:
7165:
6897:
6425:
6062:
5879:
5758:
5657:
5652:
5642:
5557:
5350:
5321:
5283:
5260:
5211:
5189:
5168:
4965:
4924:
4903:"A truth commission did not tell the truth: A rejoinder to Manrique-Vallier and Ball"
4883:
4642:
4617:
4556:
3351:
3341:
3231:
3197:
3133:
3112:
2726:
2716:
2534:
2433:
1947:
1927:
1909:
1891:
1432:
1424:("Onward") continued to be active. The group had allegedly made an alliance with the
1408:(MPCP) led by the Víctor and Jorge Quispe Palomino brothers, and a base committee in
1198:, was assassinated. Two French aid workers were killed on 4 December that same year.
1054:
1053:
By 1980, Shining Path had about 500 members. When Peru's military government allowed
945:
614:
412:
332:
245:
165:
6249:
5894:
2615:"Estado peruano se defenderá con firmeza frente a denuncia del Movadef ante la CIDH"
1503:
1304:
1268:, who led the violent government response towards guerrilla groups during his tenure
1101:
952:
382:
370:
groups, elected officials and the general public. The Shining Path is regarded as a
68:
7189:
6987:
6957:
6942:
6927:
6917:
6017:
5753:
5632:
5252:
4955:
4914:
4873:
3994:
2997:
2164:
2081:
1970:
1848:
1844:
1693:
1685:
1673:
1507:
1273:
1265:
1108:
482:
328:
261:
235:
145:
4006:
3956:
3886:
3842:
3663:
3585:
7179:
7037:
7012:
6823:
6415:
5973:
5393:
5343:
5315:
5183:
5179:
4847:
4801:
4778:
4767:
4668:
4220:
3909:
3811:
3767:
3748:
3642:
3497:
3375:
3043:
2982:
2528:
2503:
2171:
2151:
1962:
1641:
1514:
In September 2008, government forces announced the killing of five rebels in the
1495:
1487:
1401:
1397:
1296:
1120:
1074:
1058:
1047:
1001:
955:, a former university philosophy professor (his followers referred to him by his
866:
390:
374:
organization by the government of Peru, along with Japan, the United States, the
336:
312:
295:
283:
140:
44:
6708:
United Centre Party – Independent National Unity, Dignity, Order, and Solidarity
6400:
5412:
4840:
3643:"Esquadrão responsável pela vigilância da Amazônia completa 40 mil horas de voo"
2317:
7032:
5795:
5748:
5612:
5602:
5537:
1657:
1567:
1559:
1436:
1409:
1344:
1329:
696:
657:
609:
375:
224:
5256:
7204:
7007:
6410:
6102:
6012:
6002:
5952:
4969:
4960:
4943:
4928:
4919:
4902:
4887:
4878:
4861:
3389:
Proyectos y Actividades que Realiza la Sub Dirección de Estudios Especiales."
2843:
Colin Harding, “Antonio Díaz Martínez and the Ideology of Sendero Luminoso,”
2778:
2730:
2563:"Apología sin castigo: casos relacionados a terrorismo que fueron archivados"
2437:
2397:"Autoridades de Perú capturan a 71 supuestos integrantes de Sendero Luminoso"
2295:
2256:
2225:
1923:
1709:
1681:
1605:
1285:
1116:
to hide their identities, in order to protect themselves and their families.
709:
316:
6887:
5413:
The Search for Truth: The Declassified Record on Human Rights Abuses in Peru
7088:
6982:
6818:
6556:
6496:
6293:
6200:
6074:
5854:
5834:
5743:
5647:
5131:(2003). "La verdad después del silencio (Informe final tomo 6)". Lima. Perú
4383:
3501:
3467:
Los Asesinatos y Lesiones Graves Producidos en el Atentado de Tarata (1992)
2666:"Frente asociado al Movadef dice tener 500 mil firmas para ir a elecciones"
2070:"'Quien habla es terrorista': The political use of fear in Fujimori's Peru"
1997:
1975:
1535:
1458:
1451:
1348:
1337:
1164:
438:
This maxim was featured on the masthead of the newspaper of a Shining Path
7027:
6457:
National Alliance of Workers, Farmers, University Students, and Reservists
4723:
3962:
2086:
2069:
1712:, Shining Path would kill their opponents "with assassinations, bombings,
6551:
6540:
6536:
6435:
6161:
1756:
1748:
1736:
1692:, RPND), also known by its proposed name of "People's Republic of Peru" (
1428:(FARC) in the early 2000s, learning how to use rockets against aircraft.
1187:
1140:
1139:
brutally killed Olegario Curitomay, one of the commanders of the town of
439:
344:
4986:(Buenos Aires) del 21 de mayo de 2007. Consultado el 9 de abril de 2012.
4483:
3286:"Gaddafi: a vicious, sinister despot driven out on tidal wave of hatred"
2709:
La cuarta espada : la historia de Abimael Guzmán y Sendero Luminoso
2485:"Gaddafi: a vicious, sinister despot driven out on tidal wave of hatred"
1636:
As its power grew, the Shining Path changed its official ideology from "
308:, abbr. PCP-SL) to distinguish it from other communist parties in Peru.
6546:
6511:
5865:
5159:
and the Defeat of Sendero Luminoso in Ayacucho". In Steve Stern (Ed.),
1713:
1543:
1089:
1042:
960:
348:
5875:
1248:
According to multiple sources, the Shining Path received support from
804:. They were ultimately prevented from participating in the elections.
7159:
7153:
7082:
6767:
6390:
6266:
5912:
5780:
2808:
1981:
1859:
1740:
1375:
1370:
956:
371:
130:
4188:
3761:"En operativo especial capturan a 17 requisitoriados por terrorismo"
3549:"La expansión ideológica del terrorista comité de base Mantaro rojo"
2713:
The Fourth Sword: The History of Abimael Guzman and the Shining Path
1483:
458:(MPCP), which consists of about 450 individuals who remained in the
428:
El Marxismo-Leninismo abrirá el sendero luminoso hacia la revolución
6992:
6506:
6216:
6135:
5775:
3695:
3230:, ed. Steve Stern, Duke University Press: Durham and London, 1998 (
3196:, ed. Steve Stern, Duke University Press: Durham and London, 1998 (
3132:, ed. Steve Stern, Duke University Press: Durham and London, 1998 (
1905:
1549:
1176:
1148:
1005:
997:
5415:. Edited by Tamara Feinstein, Director, Peru Documentation Project
5069:"'More War Will Bring Peace,' Say Peru's Maoists After 15,000 Die"
4340:"Death toll climbs to 10 in Peru guerrilla attack on election eve"
3952:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3942:
1617:
1446:
and three police guards as hostages. They had been working on the
1392:
Guzmán's role as the leader of the Shining Path was taken over by
1343:
In one of its last attacks in Lima, on 16 July 1992, Shining Path
6029:
5922:
5512:
5276:
Vanguard Revolutionaries in Latin America: Peru, Colombia, Mexico
4998:, artículo en el sitio web M-X. Consultado el 9 de abril de 2012.
3862:
2252:"US Indicts Shining Path Rebels as Drug War Focus Shifts to Peru"
1777:
After the collapse of the Fujimori government, interim President
1717:
1581:
1534:, said many soldiers "plunged over a cliff". His prime minister,
1519:
1443:
1213:
1191:
1190:, and peasant organizations, some of whom were anti-Shining Path
1144:
1062:
367:
363:
5958:
4315:"Alejandro Borda Casafranca, 2 other Senderistas killed in Peru"
3355:
3171:
Fujimori's Coup and the Breakdown of Democracy in Latin America.
3151:
Fujimori's Coup and the Breakdown of Democracy in Latin America.
1280:
a legal status, and from that time, they were officially called
6174:
5918:
5507:
4513:
3939:
3338:
Qaddafi, Terrorism, and the Origins of the U.S. Attack on Libya
1761:
1229:
to opinion polls, only 15 percent of the population considered
756:
644:
481:
model that swept through Latin American insurgencies after the
5938:
5394:
Report of the (CVR) Truth and Reconciliation Commission (HTML)
5229:
The new terrorism: Fanaticism and the arms of mass destruction
4407:"The dangerous network of Sendero Luminoso in Peru and abroad"
4379:"Recent Attack on Peru Police Shows Shining Path Still Strong"
4354:"Recent Attack on Peru Police Shows Shining Path Still Strong"
3128:
Manrique, Nelson. "The War for the Central Sierra," p. 211 in
2863:
1847:
quotes a speech by a Shining Path officer in their 1990 song "
1809:
1785:
to investigate the conflict. The Commission found in its 2003
1288:. According to the government, there were approximately 7,226
1260:
6678:
Party for the Understanding, Recovery and Unification of Peru
6187:
6122:
4553:
Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues
3833:. 12 December 2006. "Troops dispatched to corral guerrillas."
2976:"Peru: Summary of Amnesty International's concerns 1980–1995"
1168:
1069:
670:
279:
213:("Long live the People's War! People's War until communism!")
7281:
Organizations based in South America designated as terrorist
7276:
Organizations based in Latin America designated as terrorist
6477:
First The People – Community, Ecology, Liberty, and Progress
5448:
5308:
The Shining Path: Love, Madness, and Revolution in the Andes
5161:
Shining and Other Paths: War and Society in Peru, 1980–1995.
4578:, Sous la direction d’Anouk Guiné et de Maritza Felices-Luna
3805:"Jefe militar senderista ‘Clay’ muere en operativo policial"
3402:"Government Declares State of Emergency with Curfew in Lima"
3024:
Book VII "Ataque del PCP-SL a la Localidad de Marcas (1985)"
1217:
self-defense groups organized by the Peruvian armed forces.
1131:
would later kill 13 guerrilla fighters in February 1983, in
210:¡Viva la Guerra Popular! ¡Guerra Popular hasta el comunismo!
7266:
Organisations designated as terrorist by the European Union
6243:
6148:
5317:
Shining and Other Paths: War and Society in Peru, 1980–1995
5155:
Degregori, Carlos Iván (1998). "Harvesting Storms: Peasant
4828:"Peru – Prosecutions Should Follow Truth Commission Report"
4302:"Peru's Shining Path leader jailed for life for terrorism."
3716:"Patterns of Global Terrorism: Western Hemisphere Overview"
3228:
Shining and Other Paths: War and Society in Peru, 1980–1995
3194:
Shining and Other Paths: War and Society in Peru, 1980–1995
3130:
Shining and Other Paths: War and Society in Peru, 1980–1995
2589:"A propósito de capturas, qué es el Movadef y qué pretende"
1160:
683:
594:
478:
287:
7286:
Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States
5402:
Terrorism Research Center list of Terrorist Organizations.
5185:
The Shining Path: A History of the Millenarian War in Peru
4555:(3rd ed.). SAGE Publications, Inc. pp. 234–235.
4146:"Peru Arrests 'Successor' to Captured Shining Path Leader"
3922:"1 Peruvian soldier, 5 rebels killed in military campaign"
1542:... in quite a while". In November 2009, Defense Minister
5928:
4167:"Peruvian police capture 'Shining Path boss' Walter Diaz"
3890:
3846:
3667:
3589:
2401:
752:
4942:
Manrique-Vallier, Daniel; Ball, Patrick (January 2019).
4614:
State Under Siege: Development And Policy Making In Peru
3515:"Blasts Propel Peru's Rebels From Defunct To Dangerous."
3009:
Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación. 28 August 2003.
2915:
2737:"And at the founding in 1969, they were only 12 people."
2715:] (5th ed.). Buenos Aires: Debate. p. 78.
1012:, and they also developed a significant presence at the
5188:. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
4529:
4007:"Peru rebels ambush and kill coca plantation clearers".
2813:. Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación . p. 16.
2640:"Fudepp: la nueva fachada del Movadef en cuatro claves"
1092:. For over a year, the government refused to declare a
5702:
Economic policy of the Alberto Fujimori administration
5387:
on the web site of the "Partido Comunista de España "
3729:
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 2003: Peru
3574:
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Peru – 2005
3491:"Guzman arrest leaves Void in Shining Path Leadership"
1518:
region. This claim was subsequently challenged by the
335:. Their representatives stated that the then-existing
4233:"Shining Path 'defeated' in Alto Huallaga stronghold"
4191:"Peru Captures Shining Path Leader In Upper Huallaga"
4189:
Andean Air Mail & Peruvian Times (5 April 2012).
3727:
United States Department of State. 25 February 2004.
3472:
2927:
2903:
2735:"Y en su fundación de 1969 sólo eran doce personas."
2221:"Peru in Familiar Stalemate With Shining Path Rebels"
1652:
traditionalism, championing the liberation of Peru's
7291:
Organisations designated as terrorist by New Zealand
7241:
Entities added to the Consolidated List by Australia
5979:
United Democratic Andean Revolutionary Front of Peru
5963:
Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists
4941:
4839:
Laura Puertas, Inter Press Service. 29 August 2003.
3991:"Peru rebels attack army outpost, killing 1 soldier"
2291:"Peru's Shining Path Plots Unlikely Return to Power"
1490:, now captured and serving a life sentence in prison
5222:
Peru's 'Shining Path' Evolution of a Stalinist Sect
4589:"CAPÍTULO 1 EXPLICANDO EL CONFLICTO ARMADO INTERNO"
4459:"Sendero Indoctrinates Children In Popular Schools"
4124:"Peru Shining Path leader Comrade Artemio captured"
2177:
1046:Poster of Abimael Guzmán celebrating five years of
442:. The followers of this group are generally called
319:. The Shining Path believed that by establishing a
4342:Tico Times. 11 April 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
3859:"Peru army may have killed farmers – rights group"
1196:United States Agency for International Development
5152:, (ed. David Rapoport), 2001. Franck Cass, London
4759:Communist Party of Peru. "Sobre las Dos Colinas"
4259:"Peru rebels burn helicopters at jungle airfield"
4143:
4048:. Elcomercio.pe. 30 December 2010. Archived from
3619:
3257:Desarrollar la lucha armada del campo a la ciudad
2875:UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN CRISTÓBAL DE HUAMANGA
1358:
1255:
992:The Shining Path first established a foothold at
7202:
5097:. Translated by Sutterman, Anthony. GlobalVoices
5021:"PCP Responds to Allegations of Gay Persecution"
4639:Combating terrorism: strategies of ten countries
4304:BBC News. 7 June 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
4100:. Elcomercio.pe. 7 December 2011. Archived from
4022:. Elcomercio.pe. 13 October 2010. Archived from
3934:"Peru's Shining Path kill four police in ambush"
3776:, 29 September 2004. Retrieved 16 January 2008.
2527:Ríos, Jerónimo; Sánchez, Marté (December 2017).
1596:(MPCP) of about 450 individuals remained in the
1550:2010s: Capture of Artemio and continued downfall
1433:car bomb exploded outside the US embassy in Lima
7311:Organizations designated as terrorist by Canada
6068:Sole National Central of Peasant Rounds of Peru
5697:Judiciary reform in Peru under Alberto Fujimori
5409:, Congressional Record, (Senate—2 October 1992)
4689:"Prison in Peru Becomes a Forge for Guerrillas"
4616:. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press. p. 123.
3818:, 20 February 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2008.
2700:
1224:Areas where the Shining Path was active in Peru
7271:Organisations designated as terrorist by Japan
3795:, 22 December 2005. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
3173:Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame.
1415:
844:Support Committees for the Peruvian Revolution
751:Mainly armed with larger weapons, such as the
6349:
5434:
5206:, ed. David Scott Palmer. 2nd ed., New York:
4661:
3698:, 9 November 2003. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
3622:"Jato da FAB ajuda a libertar reféns no Peru"
3271:"Mad Dog and me – the Colonel Gadaffi I knew"
2501:
1865:
1739:man, a position that was at the forefront of
1364:
736:
472:
466:
426:
305:Partido Comunista del Perú – Sendero Luminoso
303:
273:
208:
4781:available online. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
4662:Schmidt-Lynch, Corinne (25 September 1992).
4641:. University of Michigan Press. p. 92.
4184:
4182:
4180:
3970:"Shining Path rebels stage comeback in Peru"
3903:"Peru says 14 killed in Shining Path attack"
3875:"Peru rebel leader refuses to lay down arms"
3003:
1858:released a music video for their 1993 song "
1825:
1242:burying the bodies of Shining Path victims.
744:The EGP structure is made of the following:
435:will open the shining path to revolution").
298:. Academics often refer to the group as the
6779:Peruvian Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist)
4789:
4787:
3924:. Associated Press. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
3912:. Associated Press. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
3533:
3531:
3529:
3091:
2706:
2526:
2154:. 14 March 2005. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
1810:Allegations of violence against LGBT people
381:Since the captures of Shining Path founder
7296:Political parties established in the 1960s
6356:
6342:
5441:
5427:
5381:Shining Path's official website until 1998
4714:"Año: 1992 § Violencia de origen político"
3710:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3670:, 11 June 2003. Retrieved 17 January 2008.
3610:, 10 June 2003. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
3572:United States Department of State (2005).
1587:
1031:
882:, main feminist branch of the Shining Path
821:, support bases for Shining Path prisoners
488:
223:
43:
6562:Regionalist Party of National Integration
6319:Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front
5598:1992 Peruvian embassy attack in Stockholm
4959:
4918:
4877:
4636:
4177:
4139:
4137:
3592:. 21 March 2002. Retrieved 14 April 2009.
3547:Perú, ONG de derechos humanos Waynakuna.
3165:
3163:
3013:. (in Spanish) Retrieved 13 January 2008.
2085:
1598:Valle de los Ríos Apurímac, Ene y Mantaro
887:Movement of Classist Workers and Laborers
460:Valle de los Ríos Apurímac, Ene y Mantaro
399:Valle de los Ríos Apurímac, Ene y Mantaro
6739:Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland
6396:Go on Country – Social Integration Party
5568:1987 North Korean embassy attack in Lima
4813:Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación.
4793:Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación.
4784:
3526:
3465:Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación.
3309:
3035:Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación.
3022:Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación.
2958:Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación.
2945:Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación.
2094:
2055:, Vol. 7, No. 2 (December 2002), p. 275.
1769:Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path,
1727:We start by not ascribing to either the
1482:
1259:
1219:
1041:
951:The Shining Path was founded in 1969 by
939:
353:Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)
282:PCP), is a far-left political party and
5968:Revolutionary Internationalist Movement
5563:Assassination of Juan Carlos Vega Llona
5273:
5178:
5092:
5066:
4719:Centro de Documentación e Investigación
4611:
4535:
3721:
3701:
3682:Americas.org. Retrieved 17 January 2008
3620:Folha de S. Paulo (21 September 2003).
3478:
3283:
3071:
2933:
2921:
2909:
2560:
2289:Gorder, Gabrielle (23 September 2019).
2218:
2183:
2063:
2061:
1672:The Shining Path sought to replace the
1642:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo thought
967:, which itself split from the original
574:Revolutionary Internationalist Movement
357:Revolutionary Internationalist Movement
184:Revolutionary Internationalist Movement
7203:
7119:National Front of Workers and Peasants
6744:Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path
5839:Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path
5801:Women in the internal conflict in Peru
5407:Peru and the Capture of Abimael Guzman
5244:
5129:Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación
5120:Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación
4900:
4859:
4841:Peru: 20 Years of Bloodshed and Death"
4747:Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación
4686:
4547:
4134:
3312:"Muammar Gaddafi: The Kitsch Dictator"
3160:
2768:
2766:
2561:Vásquez, Rocío La Rosa (30 May 2017).
2423:
2288:
2145:Council Common Position 2005/936/CFSP.
1680:which would adhere to the doctrine of
1610:Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
1426:Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
417:. The name is derived from a maxim of
300:Communist Party of Peru – Shining Path
6337:
6212:
5829:
5678:
5489:
5422:
5231:. New York: Oxford University Press.
5008:«Los homosexuales y Sendero Luminoso»
4664:"Peru rebel calls for 'People's War'"
3740:Issue Papers and Extended Responses.
3335:
3213:U.S. Department of State. March 1996
2962:pp. 17–18. Retrieved 16 January 2008.
2845:Bulletine for Latin American Research
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2347:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2249:
2214:
2212:
2053:Studies in Nepali History and Society
1838:
1814:The Shining Path has been accused of
1729:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1690:República Popular de Nueva Democracia
920:Democratic Lawyer's Association (AAD)
807:
6279:Sandinista National Liberation Front
5786:San Cristóbal of Huamanga University
5722:Arrest and trial of Alberto Fujimori
5593:1992 Bolivian embassy attack in Lima
5313:
5122:(2003). "Informe Final". Lima: CVR.
4826:Human Rights Watch. 28 August 2003.
4576:Género y conflicto armado en el Perú
3469:. p. 661. Retrieved 9 February 2008.
2245:
2243:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2067:
2058:
1667:
1622:Communist Party of Ecuador – Red Sun
1575:the country's presidential elections
1143:. They took him to the town square,
994:San Cristóbal of Huamanga University
366:, trade union organizers, competing
6754:Militarized Communist Party of Peru
5849:Militarized Communist Party of Peru
5717:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
5349:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
5055:Bulletin of Latin American Research
4817:Page 186. Retrieved 14 January 2008
4804:Page 17. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
4285:"Rebels Burn 3 Helicopters in Peru"
3887:"Peru rebels launch deadly ambush'"
3692:"Peru Captures Shining Path Rebel."
3215:"Peru Human Rights Practices, 1995"
2128:"Country Reports on Terrorism 2020"
2029:List of designated terrorist groups
1872:The Vision of Elena Silves: A Novel
1783:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
1638:Marxism–Leninism–Mao Zedong thought
1594:Militarized Communist Party of Peru
1480:were killed and 209 were captured.
1406:Militarized Communist Party of Peru
1201:
1152:action has come to be known as the
965:Peruvian Communist Party – Red Flag
725:Militarized Communist Party of Peru
456:Militarized Communist Party of Peru
395:Militarized Communist Party of Peru
108:Peruvian Communist Party (Red Flag)
21:Militarized Communist Party of Peru
13:
6658:Green Earth Transforming Coalition
6221:Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement
5553:1986 Soviet embassy attack in Lima
5057:, Vol. 29. 1. April 2010, 155–169.
4144:Christopher Looft (5 March 2012).
3843:"Peru police 'kill leading rebel'"
3310:Marshall, Tim (5 September 2011).
3268:
3011:"La Masacre de Lucanamarca (1983)"
2881:from the original on 27 March 2019
2820:from the original on 7 August 2024
2743:
2581:
2554:
2530:Breve historia de Sendero Luminoso
2520:
2372:
2336:
2271:
2219:Robbins, Seth (4 September 2020).
1703:
1476:killed by the Shining Path, and 6
1209:Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement
1014:National University of Engineering
944:Shining Path poster supporting an
14:
7327:
7071:Alliance for the Progress of Peru
6586:Parties in process of registering
5932:
5372:
5306:Starn, Orin and Miguel La Serna,
5298:Journal of Latin American Studies
5245:Palmer, David Scott, ed. (1994).
5093:Antonio, Zoila (7 January 2022).
4860:Rendon, Silvio (1 January 2019).
3957:"Rebels kill 13 soldiers in Peru"
3284:Tisdall, Simon (23 August 2011).
2949:p. 41. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
2802:"Capítulo 1: Los actores armados"
2502:Jiménez Bacca, Benedicto (2000).
2240:
2189:
2134:. December 2021. pp. 309–10.
2108:from the original on 6 April 2013
1745:liberty, equality, and fraternity
1644:" – according to some authors, a
1450:that would take natural gas from
1435:just before a visit by President
1366:El Grupo Especial de Inteligencia
1299:, to fight the rebels. Ayacucho,
1167:, and set fire and destroyed the
1018:National University of San Marcos
875:Neighborhood Class Movement (MCB)
6913:Justice, Technology, and Ecology
6368:
6312:
6300:
6286:
6272:
6259:
6248:
6236:
6215:
6193:
6180:
6167:
6154:
6141:
6128:
6115:
6095:
6056:
5957:
5947:
5937:
5927:
5917:
5905:
5893:
5874:
5864:
5853:
5843:
5833:
5238:(2019) pp. 306–346 on Peru.
5086:
5060:
5047:
5038:
5013:
5001:
4989:
4976:
4935:
4894:
4853:
4833:
4820:
4807:
4753:
4730:
4706:
4680:
4675:interview, ask your government."
4655:
4630:
4605:
4581:
4569:
4541:
4501:
4476:
4451:
4433:"In Defense of Gonzalo Thought!"
4425:
4399:
4371:
4345:
4333:
4307:
4295:
4277:
4251:
4225:
4208:
4159:
3546:
3072:Beyette, Beverly (7 July 1988).
2461:. 18 August 2015. Archived from
2348:Ellis, Evan (15 November 2020).
1494:In January 2004, a man known as
702:
689:
676:
663:
650:
637:
587:
554:
508:
6863:Decentralist Social Force Party
6572:Workers and Entrepreneurs Party
5684:Government policies and actions
5623:Japanese embassy hostage crisis
5518:Chuschi ballot burning incident
5067:de Lama, George (9 July 1989).
4901:Rendon, Silvio (1 April 2019).
4351:
4116:
4090:
4064:
4038:
4012:
4000:
3984:
3959:. BBC. Retrieved 12 April 2009.
3927:
3915:
3896:
3880:
3868:
3852:
3836:
3824:
3798:
3782:
3754:
3734:
3685:
3673:
3657:
3635:
3613:
3595:
3586:"Peru bomb fails to deter Bush"
3579:
3566:
3540:
3507:
3484:
3459:
3452:"Ataque terrorista en Tarata."
3446:
3433:
3420:
3394:
3381:
3362:
3329:
3303:
3277:
3262:
3250:
3241:
3220:
3207:
3186:
3176:
3143:
3122:
3065:
3060:Peru: Human Rights Developments
3049:
3029:
3016:
2988:
2965:
2952:
2939:
2873:[Historical Overview].
2850:
2837:
2794:
2683:
2658:
2646:(in Spanish). 28 September 2016
2632:
2607:
2495:
2477:
2451:
2417:
2310:
2250:Stone, Hannah (27 March 2017).
2068:Burt, Jo-Marie (October 2006).
2051:Maske, Mahesh. "Maovichar", in
1753:dictatorship of the proletariat
1573:On 9 April 2016, on the eve of
830:, international relations front
782:
629:Designated as a terrorist group
449:
343:, and the Shining Path was the
321:dictatorship of the proletariat
7261:Organized crime groups in Peru
7226:Anti-imperialist organizations
7221:Anti-revisionist organizations
5943:International Communist League
5341:
5310:. New York: W.W. Norton, 2019.
5150:Inside Terrorist Organizations
4687:Atwood, Roger (1 April 1990).
3936:. AFP. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
3680:"Gas Workers Kidnapped, Freed"
2426:"Where the Shining Path Leads"
2157:
2138:
2120:
2074:Latin American Research Review
2045:
1359:Capture of Guzmán and collapse
1256:1990s: The Fujimori government
880:Popular Woman's Movement (MFP)
835:Classist Teachers Coordination
802:2016 Peruvian general election
421:, the founder of the original
179:International Communist League
16:Maoist communist party in Peru
1:
7065:Alliance for the Great Change
6693:Peruvians United: We Are Free
6037:National Intelligence Service
5523:Deng Xiaoping's dogs incident
4517:(in Spanish). 5 December 2020
3877:. AP. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
3513:Sims, Calvin (5 August 1996)
2998:"The Women's Rights Project."
2424:Strong, Simon (24 May 1992).
2405:(in Spanish). 2 December 2020
2034:
1318:National Intelligence Service
903:Popular Intellectual Movement
871:, legal and medical aid group
735:The People's Guerrilla Army (
523:3 December 1982 – 9 June 2018
7216:1960s establishments in Peru
7124:National Solidarity Alliance
6908:Independent Patriotic Legion
6903:Independent Moralizing Front
6727:Parties without registration
6567:United Peru Democratic Party
5712:Forced sterilization in Peru
5503:Founding of the Shining Path
5502:
5139:: Crimes, Terror, Repression
4850:. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
4749:. 2003. pp. 44–45, 286.
4074:. Pnp.gob.pe. Archived from
3849:. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
3751:. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
3731:. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
3718:. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
3602:"Pipeline Workers Kidnapped"
3576:. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
3443:. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
3430:. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
3391:. Retrieved 17 January 2008.
3378:. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
3259:, San Marcos 1985 PCP speech
3217:. Retrieved 16 January 2008.
3105:: Crimes, Terror, Repression
3062:. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
3046:. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
3026:. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
3000:. Retrieved 13 January 2008.
2985:. Retrieved 17 January 2008.
2847:7#1 (January 1988) pp 65–73.
2039:
1960:, a first-season episode of
1902:Strange Tunnels Disappearing
1816:violence against LGBT people
1448:Camisea gas pipeline project
1026:Criticism and Self-criticism
987:China, La Revolución Agraria
983:Ayacucho, Hambre y Esperanza
738:Ejército Guerrillero Popular
502:Ejército Guerrillero Popular
468:Ejército Guerrillero Popular
327:, and eventually sparking a
311:When it first launched its "
7:
6953:National United Renaissance
6452:Agricultural People's Front
6445:Extra-parliamentary parties
5707:National Population Program
5628:Operation Chavín de Huántar
5137:The Black Book of Communism
5134:Courtois, Stephane (1999).
4745:(in Spanish). Vol. 2.
4072:"Policía Nacional del Perú"
3997:. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
3523:. Retrieved 17 January 2008
3456:. Retrieved 16 January 2008
3441:Available online in Spanish
3428:Available online in Spanish
3103:The Black Book of Communism
2595:(in Spanish). 10 April 2014
2003:
1789:that 69,280 people died or
1716:and massacres" as well as "
1631:
1416:2000s: Temporary resurgence
410:
385:in 1992 and his successors
359:-affiliated organizations.
10:
7332:
7101:Decentralization Coalition
7043:Youth Independent Movement
6998:Peruvian Nationalist Party
6734:Christian Democratic Party
6668:National United Resurgence
6633:Everything with the People
6042:Special Intelligence Group
5870:Red Mantaro Base Committee
5739:Illegal drug trade in Peru
5528:Assault of Ayacucho prison
5274:Rochlin, James F. (2003).
5112:
4830:. Retrieved 21 April 2009.
4319:United Press International
4287:. ABC News. Archived from
3369:Legislative Decree No. 741
2508:. Impr. Sanki. p. 110
1866:Other fictional depictions
1733:Convention on Human Rights
1698:República Popular del Perú
1336:, which were committed by
1035:
935:
930:
818:Shining Trenches of Combat
794:National Jury of Elections
275:Partido Comunista del Perú
36:Partido Comunista del Perú
18:
7246:Internal conflict in Peru
7236:Communist parties in Peru
7185:List of political parties
7175:
7113:National Democratic Front
7051:
6873:Democratic Reconstruction
6806:
6792:
6726:
6585:
6444:
6378:
6365:Political parties in Peru
5990:
5984:Peruvian drug traffickers
5815:Shining Path and remnants
5814:
5668:San Miguel del Ene attack
5608:Frecuencia Latina bombing
5578:Three Martyrs of Chimbote
5548:Peruvian prison massacres
5533:1983 Lucanamarca massacre
5493:1968 Peruvian coup d'état
5483:
5471:
5466:
5462:
5457:
5450:Internal conflict in Peru
5320:. Duke University Press.
5257:10.1007/978-1-137-05210-0
4982:artículo en el sitio web
4637:Alexander, Yonah (2002).
3893:. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
3865:. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
3789:"Rebels Kill 8 Policemen"
3336:Davis, Brian Lee (1990).
3169:Kenney, Charles D. 2004.
3149:Kenney, Charles D. 2004.
2174:. Retrieved 11 June 2009.
1826:Women in the Shining Path
1365:
1345:detonated a powerful bomb
1322:Army Intelligence Service
1038:Internal conflict in Peru
717:
627:
605:Internal conflict in Peru
600:
582:
544:
536:
528:
516:
507:
501:
500:
495:
397:(MPCP), is active in the
231:
222:
217:
204:
193:
172:International affiliation
171:
159:
121:
113:
103:
92:
84:
61:
51:
42:
30:
7231:Banned communist parties
7095:Cambio 90 – New Majority
6923:Let's Make Progress Peru
6774:Peruvian Communist Party
6638:Federal Democratic Party
6517:Party of Good Government
6462:Christian People's Party
5692:Peruvian Agrarian Reform
5498:Revolutionary Government
5385:Shining Path communiqués
5314:Stern, Steve J. (1998).
5280:Lynne Rienner Publishers
5248:The Shining Path of Peru
5236:Maoism: A Global History
5143:Harvard University Press
4961:10.1177/2053168019835628
4920:10.1177/2053168019840972
4879:10.1177/2053168018820375
4777:1 September 2006 at the
4766:14 November 2006 at the
4612:Mauceri, Philip (1996).
3664:"Peru hostages set free"
3374:19 February 2006 at the
3109:Harvard University Press
3042:3 September 2018 at the
2858:Maoism: A Global History
2533:(in Spanish). Catarata.
2170:19 November 2006 at the
2150:22 November 2011 at the
2132:U.S. Department of State
2010:Definitions of terrorism
1856:Rage Against the Machine
1843:American hard rock band
969:Peruvian Communist Party
915:Street Vendors' Movement
423:Peruvian Communist Party
117:People's Liberation Army
35:
19:Not to be confused with
7251:Maoism in South America
7059:Alliance for the Future
6688:Peruvian Humanist Party
6613:Citizens for Peru Party
6522:Patriotic Party of Peru
6430:Peruvian Humanist Party
5588:1992 Peruvian self-coup
5025:www.prisonlegalnews.org
4948:Research & Politics
4913:(2): 2053168019840972.
4907:Research & Politics
4872:(1): 2053168018820375.
4866:Research & Politics
4800:4 February 2007 at the
3908:11 October 2008 at the
3747:6 December 2008 at the
3504:.com, 14 September 1992
3340:. Praeger. p. 17.
3325:– via Yahoo News.
2322:Encyclopedia Britannica
1588:2020s: VRAEM stronghold
1290:comités de auto defensa
1282:Comités de auto defensa
1098:Fernando Belaúnde Terry
1032:1980s: The People's War
1004:at the Universities of
925:Poor Peasants' Movement
895:Popular Artist Movement
761:Heckler & Koch HK21
489:People's Guerrilla Army
404:
331:, they could arrive at
292:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
270:Communist Party of Peru
161:Political position
151:Revolutionary socialism
136:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
33:Communist Party of Peru
7148:Possible Peru Alliance
7097:(1995-2000, 2001-2006)
6978:Odriist National Union
6759:Movement for Socialism
6532:Peruvian Aprista Party
6467:Democratic Green Party
6307:19th of April Movement
6080:Rodrigo Franco Command
5953:Ethnocacerist movement
5583:Barrios Altos massacre
5300:27.2 (1995): 399–421.
5278:. Boulder and London:
4954:(1): 205316801983562.
2810:Final Report - Book II
2459:"Shining Path is Back"
2163:Government of Canada.
1775:
1697:
1689:
1491:
1363:On 12 September 1992,
1334:Barrios Altos massacre
1269:
1225:
1050:
973:José Carlos Mariátegui
948:
910:Popular Youth Movement
852:Musical Guerrilla Army
826:Peru People's Movement
759:rifles as well as the
737:
496:People's Guerilla Army
473:
467:
427:
419:José Carlos Mariátegui
304:
274:
265:
209:
6893:Hayist Bases Movement
6648:Forward United People
6623:Country for All Party
6386:Alliance for Progress
6379:Parliamentary parties
5996:Peruvian Armed Forces
5165:Duke University Press
4846:21 March 2004 at the
4265:. BBC. 7 October 2012
4219:12 April 2012 at the
3810:28 March 2008 at the
3766:28 March 2008 at the
3496:22 April 2018 at the
3387:Army of Peru (2005).
3078:The Los Angeles Times
2981:30 March 2008 at the
2972:Amnesty International
2691:"Los actores armados"
2087:10.1353/lar.2006.0036
1771:Sobre las Dos Colinas
1725:
1602:Jorge Quispe Palomino
1486:
1412:led by Netzel López.
1263:
1223:
1045:
979:Antonio Díaz Martínez
943:
862:, youth organizations
839:, teacher union front
7301:Rebel groups in Peru
6962:National Restoration
6857:Peruvians for Change
6829:And It's Called Peru
6764:Peru Secure Homeland
6749:Lo Justo por el Perú
6663:National Restoration
6643:For the Love of Peru
6628:Democratic Integrity
5663:Founding of the MPCP
5227:Laqueur, W. (1999).
5204:Shining Path of Peru
4984:Actitud Gay Magazine
4358:www.insightcrime.org
3972:. CNN. 21 April 2009
3831:The Washington Times
3037:"Press Release 170."
2465:on 26 September 2015
1987:Santiago Roncagliolo
1888:Nicholas Shakespeare
1876:Nicholas Shakespeare
1648:grew around Guzmán.
1470:José Arcela Chiroque
1456:signals intelligence
1431:On 20 March 2002, a
1154:Lucanamarca massacre
620:Lucanamarca massacre
471:) and United Front (
7023:Revolutionary Union
7003:Peruvian Resurgence
6703:Popular Cooperation
6598:ADP Political Party
6593:ADN Political Party
6420:National Solidarity
5638:2001 Peru shootdown
5618:La Cantuta massacre
5573:1989 Callao bombing
5163:Durham and London:
4130:. 13 February 2012.
3645:. 17 September 2015
3537:Rochlin, pp. 71–72.
2020:Left-wing terrorism
2015:Communist terrorism
1882:The Dancer Upstairs
1854:American rock band
1646:cult of personality
1532:Antero Flores Aráoz
1524:Huancavelica Region
1463:Brazilian Air Force
1353:Miraflores District
1326:La Cantuta massacre
1211:(MRTA), as well as
529:Active regions
351:groups such as the
337:socialist countries
325:cultural revolution
57:PCP-SL (unofficial)
7077:APRA-UNO Coalition
6933:National Awakening
6482:Front of Hope 2021
5820:Government of Peru
5731:Illegal drug trade
5543:Accomarca massacre
5208:St. Martin's Press
4291:on 7 October 2012.
4078:on 24 October 2012
4009:BBC, 28 April 2010
3793:The New York Times
3607:The New York Times
3553:ONG Waynakuna Perú
3520:The New York Times
3247:Degregori, p. 140.
3056:Human Rights Watch
2995:Human Rights Watch
2960:Book III Chapter 2
2871:"Reseña Histórica"
2860:(2019) pp 306–346.
2430:The New York Times
2360:on 1 December 2020
1944:Mario Vargas Llosa
1939:Death in the Andes
1839:In popular culture
1796:Human Rights Watch
1731:or the Costa Rica
1720:victims to death.
1492:
1270:
1226:
1094:state of emergency
1051:
949:
808:Mass organizations
595:Government of Peru
518:Dates of operation
268:), self-named the
7306:Terrorism in Peru
7198:
7197:
7166:Together for Peru
7136:People's Solution
7052:Former coalitions
6968:New Left Movement
6793:Active coalitions
6577:Works Civic Party
6426:Together for Peru
6331:
6330:
6326:
6325:
6063:Rondas campesinas
5759:Operation Snowcap
5673:Operation Patriot
5658:Llochegua Clashes
5653:Hatun Asha ambush
5643:2002 Lima bombing
5558:Aucayacu massacre
5356:978-0-16-039086-9
5327:978-0-8223-2217-7
5266:978-0-312-10619-5
5195:978-0-8078-4676-6
5173:978-0-8223-2217-7
4726:on 20 March 2021.
4693:Los Angeles Times
4562:978-1-4129-7059-4
4439:. 21 January 2011
3500:Associated Press/
3408:. 7 February 1986
3098:Stéphane Courtois
2947:Book VI Chapter 1
2924:, pp. 29–36.
2491:. 23 August 2011.
2324:. 11 January 2023
2165:"Listed Entities"
1974:a movie starring
1779:Valentín Paniagua
1678:People's Republic
1668:People's Republic
1135:. In March 1983,
946:electoral boycott
767:Local Force (FL):
733:
732:
721:Succeeded by
615:Hatun Asha ambush
568:Non-state allies:
413:Communism in Peru
254:
253:
241:Political parties
7323:
7316:Anti-Americanism
7190:Politics of Peru
7142:Popular Alliance
6988:Peru Progressing
6958:National Victory
6948:National Renewal
6943:National Justice
6928:Liberty Movement
6878:Direct Democracy
6868:Democratic Force
6838:Land and Freedom
6698:Popular Unity UP
6618:Conscious People
6603:A Different Path
6527:People's Liberty
6373:
6372:
6371:
6358:
6351:
6344:
6335:
6334:
6317:
6316:
6315:
6305:
6304:
6303:
6292:
6290:
6289:
6277:
6276:
6275:
6265:
6263:
6262:
6252:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6219:
6199:
6197:
6196:
6186:
6184:
6183:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6160:
6158:
6157:
6147:
6145:
6144:
6134:
6132:
6131:
6121:
6119:
6118:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6061:
6060:
6059:
6018:Peruvian Marines
5961:
5951:
5941:
5931:
5921:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5897:
5878:
5868:
5859:Huallaga Faction
5857:
5847:
5837:
5771:
5754:Coca eradication
5734:
5687:
5633:Locumba uprising
5460:
5459:
5443:
5436:
5429:
5420:
5419:
5398:
5390:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5338:
5336:
5334:
5293:
5270:
5251:(2nd ed.).
5220:Koppel, Martin.
5199:
5180:Gorriti, Gustavo
5125:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5090:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5064:
5058:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5017:
5011:
5005:
4999:
4993:
4987:
4980:
4974:
4973:
4963:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4922:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4881:
4857:
4851:
4837:
4831:
4824:
4818:
4811:
4805:
4791:
4782:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4744:
4734:
4728:
4727:
4722:. Archived from
4710:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4684:
4678:
4677:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4593:
4585:
4579:
4573:
4567:
4566:
4545:
4539:
4533:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4469:
4455:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4349:
4343:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4321:. 13 August 2013
4311:
4305:
4299:
4293:
4292:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4229:
4223:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4186:
4175:
4174:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4141:
4132:
4131:
4120:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4016:
4010:
4004:
3998:
3995:Associated Press
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3966:
3960:
3954:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3900:
3894:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3856:
3850:
3840:
3834:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3802:
3796:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3758:
3752:
3742:Available online
3738:
3732:
3725:
3719:
3712:
3699:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3617:
3611:
3599:
3593:
3583:
3577:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3544:
3538:
3535:
3524:
3511:
3505:
3488:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3463:
3457:
3450:
3444:
3437:
3431:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3398:
3392:
3385:
3379:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3239:
3224:
3218:
3211:
3205:
3190:
3184:
3180:
3174:
3167:
3158:
3147:
3141:
3126:
3120:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3069:
3063:
3053:
3047:
3033:
3027:
3020:
3014:
3007:
3001:
2992:
2986:
2969:
2963:
2956:
2950:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2867:
2861:
2854:
2848:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2825:
2819:
2806:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2770:
2741:
2740:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2393:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2356:. Archived from
2354:Global Americans
2345:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2286:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2216:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2161:
2155:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2065:
2056:
2049:
1971:Escape from L.A.
1920:The Evening News
1805:
1801:
1773:
1674:Republic of Peru
1541:
1508:Alejandro Toledo
1368:
1367:
1274:Alberto Fujimori
1266:Alberto Fujimori
1202:Level of support
1016:in Lima and the
1002:student councils
773:Base Force (FB):
749:Main Force (FP):
740:
727:(splinter group)
708:
706:
705:
695:
693:
692:
682:
680:
679:
669:
667:
666:
656:
654:
653:
643:
641:
640:
601:Battles and wars
593:
591:
590:
559:
558:
557:
524:
519:
512:
503:
493:
492:
483:Cuban Revolution
476:
470:
433:Marxism–Leninism
430:
416:
329:world revolution
307:
277:
266:Sendero Luminoso
236:Politics of Peru
227:
212:
199:
146:Anti-revisionism
99:
47:
28:
27:
7331:
7330:
7326:
7325:
7324:
7322:
7321:
7320:
7201:
7200:
7199:
7194:
7180:Portal:Politics
7171:
7047:
7038:With Force Peru
7013:Project Country
6842:Sowing Movement
6824:All for Victory
6807:Defunct parties
6802:
6788:
6784:Socialist Party
6722:
6713:Unity and Peace
6683:People's Voices
6581:
6492:Let's Save Peru
6487:I Believe Party
6440:
6416:Popular Renewal
6374:
6369:
6367:
6362:
6332:
6327:
6313:
6311:
6301:
6299:
6287:
6285:
6273:
6271:
6260:
6258:
6237:
6235:
6227:
6223:
6209:
6207:
6203:
6194:
6192:
6181:
6179:
6168:
6166:
6155:
6153:
6142:
6140:
6129:
6127:
6116:
6114:
6096:
6094:
6086:
6057:
6055:
6025:National Police
5988:
5974:FARC dissidents
5906:
5904:
5889:
5884:
5880:FARC-EP in Peru
5825:
5816:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5772:
5765:
5763:
5735:
5728:
5726:
5688:
5681:
5487:
5453:
5447:
5396:
5388:
5375:
5370:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5290:
5267:
5234:Lovell, Julia.
5196:
5123:
5115:
5110:
5100:
5098:
5091:
5087:
5077:
5075:
5073:Chicago Tribune
5065:
5061:
5052:
5048:
5043:
5039:
5029:
5027:
5019:
5018:
5014:
5006:
5002:
4994:
4990:
4981:
4977:
4940:
4936:
4899:
4895:
4858:
4854:
4848:Wayback Machine
4838:
4834:
4825:
4821:
4812:
4808:
4802:Wayback Machine
4792:
4785:
4779:Wayback Machine
4768:Wayback Machine
4758:
4754:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4731:
4712:
4711:
4707:
4697:
4695:
4685:
4681:
4669:Washington Post
4660:
4656:
4649:
4635:
4631:
4624:
4610:
4606:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4582:
4574:
4570:
4563:
4546:
4542:
4534:
4530:
4520:
4518:
4507:
4506:
4502:
4492:
4490:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4467:
4465:
4457:
4456:
4452:
4442:
4440:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4416:
4414:
4413:. 20 April 2018
4405:
4404:
4400:
4390:
4388:
4387:. 20 March 2017
4377:
4376:
4372:
4362:
4360:
4352:Goi, Leonardo.
4350:
4346:
4338:
4334:
4324:
4322:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4300:
4296:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4268:
4266:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4242:
4240:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4221:Wayback Machine
4213:
4209:
4199:
4197:
4187:
4178:
4173:. 4 March 2012.
4165:
4164:
4160:
4150:
4148:
4142:
4135:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4107:
4105:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4081:
4079:
4070:
4069:
4065:
4055:
4053:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4005:
4001:
3989:
3985:
3975:
3973:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3955:
3940:
3932:
3928:
3920:
3916:
3910:Wayback Machine
3901:
3897:
3885:
3881:
3873:
3869:
3857:
3853:
3841:
3837:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3812:Wayback Machine
3803:
3799:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3768:Wayback Machine
3759:
3755:
3749:Wayback Machine
3739:
3735:
3726:
3722:
3713:
3702:
3690:
3686:
3678:
3674:
3662:
3658:
3648:
3646:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3614:
3600:
3596:
3584:
3580:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3545:
3541:
3536:
3527:
3512:
3508:
3498:Wayback Machine
3489:
3485:
3477:
3473:
3464:
3460:
3454:Archived online
3451:
3447:
3438:
3434:
3425:
3421:
3411:
3409:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3386:
3382:
3376:Wayback Machine
3367:
3363:
3348:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3318:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3282:
3278:
3269:Colvin, Marie.
3267:
3263:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3242:
3225:
3221:
3212:
3208:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3177:
3168:
3161:
3148:
3144:
3127:
3123:
3096:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3070:
3066:
3054:
3050:
3044:Wayback Machine
3034:
3030:
3021:
3017:
3008:
3004:
2993:
2989:
2983:Wayback Machine
2970:
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2782:. 27 March 2017
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1799:
1798:, "Shining Path
1774:
1768:
1706:
1704:Use of violence
1670:
1634:
1590:
1552:
1539:
1496:Comrade Artemio
1488:Comrade Artemio
1418:
1402:Comrade Artemio
1398:Huallaga Valley
1382:have nothing."
1361:
1303:, Apurímac and
1272:When President
1258:
1250:Gaddafi's Libya
1204:
1059:Ayacucho Region
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391:Comrade Artemio
296:Gonzalo Thought
284:guerrilla group
250:
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141:Gonzalo Thought
104:Split from
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56:
38:
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24:
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7256:Maoist parties
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7130:National Unity
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7018:Radical Change
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6406:Popular Action
6403:
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5796:Huallaga River
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5749:Narcoterrorism
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5613:Tarata bombing
5610:
5605:
5603:Santa massacre
5600:
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5590:
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5538:Putis massacre
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5452:(1980–present)
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5410:
5404:
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5382:
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5373:External links
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4538:, p. 185.
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4332:
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4250:
4239:. 6 April 2012
4224:
4207:
4195:Peruvian Times
4176:
4158:
4133:
4115:
4104:on 2 June 2013
4089:
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4052:on 2 June 2013
4037:
4026:on 2 June 2013
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2877:(in Spanish).
2862:
2856:Julia Lovell,
2849:
2836:
2793:
2774:"Shining Path"
2742:
2721:
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2606:
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2318:"Shining Path"
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1989:
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1781:established a
1766:
1705:
1702:
1669:
1666:
1658:Inca mythology
1633:
1630:
1618:Waynakuna Peru
1589:
1586:
1568:Comrade Alipio
1560:Ollanta Humala
1551:
1548:
1504:Huánuco region
1437:George W. Bush
1417:
1414:
1410:Mantaro Valley
1360:
1357:
1330:Santa massacre
1324:, notably the
1257:
1254:
1203:
1200:
1173:Popular Action
1036:Main article:
1033:
1030:
953:Abimael Guzmán
937:
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697:United Kingdom
686:
673:
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658:European Union
647:
632:
625:
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610:Tarata bombing
602:
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383:Abimael Guzmán
376:European Union
333:full communism
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69:Abimael Guzmán
65:
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55:PCP (official)
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7008:Possible Peru
7006:
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6918:Let's Go Peru
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6848:Citizen Force
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6472:Faith in Peru
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6411:Popular Force
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6103:United States
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5496:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5486:
5482:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5469:
5468:Participants
5465:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5444:
5439:
5437:
5432:
5430:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5414:
5411:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5395:
5392:
5386:
5383:
5380:
5377:
5376:
5358:
5352:
5348:
5347:
5340:
5329:
5323:
5319:
5318:
5312:
5309:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5289:1-58826-106-9
5285:
5281:
5277:
5272:
5268:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5249:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5233:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5219:
5217:
5216:0-312-10619-X
5213:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5191:
5187:
5186:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5151:
5147:
5144:
5140:
5138:
5133:
5130:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5096:
5089:
5074:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5050:
5041:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5009:
5004:
4997:
4992:
4985:
4979:
4971:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4953:
4949:
4945:
4938:
4930:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4897:
4889:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4856:
4849:
4845:
4842:
4836:
4829:
4823:
4816:
4815:Book I Part I
4810:
4803:
4799:
4796:
4790:
4788:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4756:
4748:
4741:
4740:
4739:Informe final
4733:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4709:
4694:
4690:
4683:
4676:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4658:
4650:
4644:
4640:
4633:
4625:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4590:
4584:
4577:
4572:
4564:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4544:
4537:
4532:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4489:
4485:
4479:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4438:
4434:
4428:
4412:
4408:
4402:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4374:
4359:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4336:
4320:
4316:
4310:
4303:
4298:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4238:
4234:
4228:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4211:
4196:
4192:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4147:
4140:
4138:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4103:
4099:
4093:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4008:
4003:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3971:
3965:
3958:
3953:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3935:
3930:
3923:
3918:
3911:
3907:
3904:
3899:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3876:
3871:
3864:
3860:
3855:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3832:
3827:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3806:
3801:
3794:
3790:
3785:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3757:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3737:
3730:
3724:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3681:
3676:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3644:
3638:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3591:
3587:
3582:
3575:
3569:
3554:
3550:
3543:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3487:
3481:, p. 71.
3480:
3475:
3468:
3462:
3455:
3449:
3442:
3436:
3429:
3423:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3390:
3384:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3365:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3347:9780275933029
3343:
3339:
3332:
3317:
3313:
3306:
3291:
3287:
3280:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3253:
3244:
3237:
3236:0-8223-2217-X
3233:
3229:
3223:
3216:
3210:
3203:
3202:0-8223-2217-X
3199:
3195:
3189:
3179:
3172:
3166:
3164:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3139:
3138:0-8223-2217-X
3135:
3131:
3125:
3118:
3117:0-674-07608-7
3114:
3110:
3106:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3032:
3025:
3019:
3012:
3006:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2961:
2955:
2948:
2942:
2936:, p. 17.
2935:
2930:
2923:
2918:
2912:, p. 21.
2911:
2906:
2899:
2898:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2859:
2853:
2846:
2840:
2832:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2803:
2797:
2781:
2780:
2779:InSight Crime
2775:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2739:
2738:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2722:9789871117468
2718:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2692:
2686:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2620:
2616:
2610:
2594:
2590:
2584:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2542:
2540:9788490973950
2536:
2532:
2531:
2523:
2507:
2506:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2298:
2297:
2296:InSight Crime
2292:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2259:
2258:
2257:InSight Crime
2253:
2246:
2244:
2228:
2227:
2226:InSight Crime
2222:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2185:
2180:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2062:
2054:
2048:
2044:
2030:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1985:: a novel by
1984:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1952:0-14-026215-6
1949:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1932:0-385-50424-1
1929:
1925:
1924:Arthur Hailey
1921:
1918:
1915:
1914:1-85411-302-X
1911:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1896:0-385-72107-2
1893:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1845:Guns N' Roses
1836:
1832:
1823:
1819:
1817:
1807:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1765:
1764:imperialists.
1763:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1710:InSight Crime
1701:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1682:New Democracy
1679:
1675:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1606:InSight Crime
1603:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1547:
1545:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:Óscar Ramírez
1390:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1349:Tarata Street
1346:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1286:Peruvian Army
1283:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1262:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1181:Raúl Alfonsín
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
957:nom de guerre
954:
947:
942:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
904:
900:
898:
896:
892:
890:
888:
884:
881:
878:
876:
873:
870:
868:
864:
861:
860:
856:
854:
853:
849:
847:
845:
841:
838:
836:
832:
829:
827:
823:
820:
819:
815:
814:
813:
805:
803:
797:
795:
789:
778:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
758:
754:
750:
747:
746:
745:
742:
739:
726:
722:
716:
711:
710:United States
700:
698:
687:
685:
674:
672:
661:
659:
648:
646:
635:
634:
633:
630:
626:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
606:
603:
599:
596:
585:
581:
575:
572:
571:
570:
569:
562:
552:
551:
550:
549:State allies:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
521:
515:
511:
506:
499:
494:
486:
484:
480:
475:
469:
463:
461:
457:
447:
445:
441:
436:
434:
429:
424:
420:
414:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:Óscar Ramírez
384:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
323:, inducing a
322:
318:
317:New Democracy
314:
309:
306:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
271:
267:
263:
259:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
233:
230:
226:
221:
216:
211:
207:
203:
196:
192:
185:
182:
180:
177:
176:
174:
170:
167:
164:
162:
158:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
128:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
95:
91:
87:
83:
76:
75:Óscar Ramírez
73:
70:
67:
66:
64:
60:
54:
50:
46:
41:
29:
26:
22:
7211:Shining Path
7132:(2001, 2006)
7089:Center Front
6973:New Majority
6819:All for Peru
6743:
6557:Purple Party
6497:Modern Force
6401:Podemos Perú
6296:(until 1991)
6294:Soviet Union
6229:
6228:
6224:(until 1997)
6208:
6204:(until 1991)
6201:Soviet Union
6088:
6087:
6075:Grupo Colina
6049:
6048:
5994:
5970:(until 2012)
5901:(until 2011)
5886:
5885:
5861:(until 2012)
5838:
5805:
5767:
5744:War on drugs
5730:
5683:
5648:Andahuaylazo
5485:
5478:Key aspects
5477:
5472:
5467:
5397:(in Spanish)
5389:(in Spanish)
5360:. Retrieved
5344:
5331:. Retrieved
5316:
5307:
5297:
5275:
5247:
5235:
5228:
5221:
5203:
5184:
5160:
5156:
5149:
5135:
5124:(in Spanish)
5099:. Retrieved
5088:
5076:. Retrieved
5072:
5062:
5054:
5049:
5040:
5028:. Retrieved
5024:
5015:
5003:
4991:
4983:
4978:
4951:
4947:
4937:
4910:
4906:
4896:
4869:
4865:
4855:
4835:
4822:
4809:
4755:
4738:
4732:
4724:the original
4717:
4708:
4696:. Retrieved
4692:
4682:
4673:
4667:
4657:
4638:
4632:
4613:
4607:
4595:. Retrieved
4583:
4571:
4552:
4543:
4536:Gorriti 1999
4531:
4519:. Retrieved
4512:
4503:
4491:. Retrieved
4487:
4478:
4466:. Retrieved
4462:
4453:
4441:. Retrieved
4437:Mantaro Rojo
4436:
4427:
4415:. Retrieved
4410:
4401:
4389:. Retrieved
4384:InsightCrime
4382:
4373:
4361:. Retrieved
4357:
4347:
4335:
4323:. Retrieved
4318:
4309:
4297:
4289:the original
4279:
4267:. Retrieved
4262:
4253:
4241:. Retrieved
4236:
4227:
4210:
4198:. Retrieved
4194:
4170:
4161:
4149:. Retrieved
4127:
4118:
4106:. Retrieved
4102:the original
4092:
4080:. Retrieved
4076:the original
4066:
4054:. Retrieved
4050:the original
4040:
4028:. Retrieved
4024:the original
4014:
4002:
3986:
3974:. Retrieved
3964:
3929:
3917:
3898:
3882:
3870:
3854:
3838:
3826:
3820:(in Spanish)
3816:La República
3815:
3800:
3792:
3784:
3778:(in Spanish)
3773:La República
3771:
3756:
3736:
3723:
3687:
3675:
3659:
3647:. Retrieved
3637:
3625:. Retrieved
3615:
3605:
3597:
3581:
3568:
3556:. Retrieved
3552:
3542:
3518:
3509:
3502:Deseret News
3486:
3479:Rochlin 2003
3474:
3461:
3448:
3435:
3422:
3410:. Retrieved
3405:
3396:
3383:
3364:
3337:
3331:
3319:. Retrieved
3315:
3305:
3293:. Retrieved
3290:The Guardian
3289:
3279:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3243:
3227:
3222:
3209:
3193:
3188:
3178:
3170:
3154:
3150:
3145:
3129:
3124:
3101:
3093:
3081:. Retrieved
3077:
3067:
3051:
3031:
3018:
3005:
2990:
2967:
2954:
2941:
2934:Gorriti 1999
2929:
2922:Gorriti 1999
2917:
2910:Gorriti 1999
2905:
2896:
2890:
2883:. Retrieved
2874:
2865:
2857:
2852:
2844:
2839:
2829:
2822:. Retrieved
2809:
2796:
2784:. Retrieved
2777:
2736:
2734:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2685:
2673:. Retrieved
2670:RPP Noticias
2669:
2660:
2648:. Retrieved
2643:
2634:
2622:. Retrieved
2618:
2609:
2597:. Retrieved
2592:
2583:
2571:. Retrieved
2569:(in Spanish)
2566:
2556:
2544:. Retrieved
2529:
2522:
2510:. Retrieved
2504:
2497:
2489:The Guardian
2488:
2479:
2469:15 September
2467:. Retrieved
2463:the original
2453:
2441:. Retrieved
2429:
2419:
2407:. Retrieved
2400:
2362:. Retrieved
2358:the original
2353:
2326:. Retrieved
2321:
2312:
2300:. Retrieved
2294:
2261:. Retrieved
2255:
2230:. Retrieved
2224:
2186:, p. 3.
2184:Rochlin 2003
2179:
2159:
2140:
2122:
2110:. Retrieved
2096:
2077:
2073:
2052:
2047:
1998:Tony Kushner
1996:, a play by
1991:
1980:
1976:Kurt Russell
1969:
1961:
1957:
1937:
1919:
1901:
1880:
1871:
1853:
1842:
1833:
1829:
1820:
1813:
1787:Final Report
1786:
1776:
1770:
1726:
1722:
1707:
1671:
1662:
1650:
1635:
1626:
1614:
1591:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1536:Yehude Simon
1528:
1513:
1501:
1493:
1477:
1474:
1467:
1441:
1430:
1421:
1419:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1362:
1342:
1338:Grupo Colina
1312:
1309:
1301:Huancavelica
1294:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1247:
1244:
1236:
1227:
1212:
1205:
1188:labor unions
1185:
1158:
1136:
1128:
1118:
1106:
1087:
1083:Huancavelica
1067:
1052:
1048:people's war
1022:
991:
986:
982:
977:
950:
924:
919:
914:
909:
901:
893:
885:
879:
874:
867:People's Aid
865:
857:
850:
842:
833:
824:
816:
811:
798:
790:
786:
783:United Front
777:
772:
766:
748:
743:
734:
720:
576:(until 2012)
567:
566:
563:(until 2011)
548:
474:Frente Unido
464:
453:
450:Organization
443:
437:
408:
389:in 1999 and
380:
361:
313:people's war
310:
299:
290:, following
269:
258:Shining Path
257:
255:
52:Abbreviation
25:
7079:(1963-1968)
6834:Broad Front
6718:Vision Peru
6608:Battle Peru
6552:Progresemos
6541:Peru Nation
6537:Peru Action
6502:Modern Peru
6436:We Are Peru
6162:North Korea
4549:Martin, Gus
3558:8 September
2644:El Comercio
2593:El Comercio
2567:El Comercio
2546:28 November
2443:8 September
2112:21 November
1791:disappeared
1757:imperialist
1749:proletariat
1478:senderistas
1141:Lucanamarca
985:(1969) and
971:founded by
444:senderistas
440:front group
341:revisionist
77:(1993–1999)
71:(1969–1993)
7205:Categories
6960:(formerly
6898:Hope Front
6888:Hacer País
6855:(formerly
6766:(formerly
6673:New People
6547:Peru First
6539:(formerly
6512:Now Nation
6428:(formerly
6418:(formerly
5473:Timeline
5362:13 January
5333:13 January
4648:0472098241
4623:0813336074
4521:5 December
4391:4 December
3649:7 November
3627:7 November
3412:4 February
3321:4 February
3295:4 February
3083:13 October
2786:4 December
2512:7 December
2409:4 December
2364:3 December
2328:4 February
2302:4 December
2263:4 December
2232:3 December
2035:References
1714:beheadings
1544:Rafael Rey
1387:campesinos
1313:campesinos
1264:President
1239:indigenous
1231:subversion
1133:Sacsamarca
1090:insurgency
1010:La Cantuta
961:Mao Zedong
540:350 (2015)
355:and other
218:Party flag
114:Armed wing
98:(de facto)
7160:Peru 2000
7154:Peru Wins
7083:Avancemos
7028:Sí Cumple
6814:Advancing
6768:Cambio 90
6391:Free Peru
6267:Nicaragua
6230:Linked to
6089:Linked to
6008:Air Force
5913:Hezbollah
5887:Linked to
5781:Terruqueo
4970:2053-1680
4929:2053-1680
4888:2053-1680
4698:13 August
4493:20 August
4468:20 August
4463:Waynakuna
4443:20 August
4417:20 August
4269:9 October
2824:17 August
2731:225864678
2438:0362-4331
2080:(3): 38.
2040:Citations
1982:Red April
1958:War Cries
1884:: A Novel
1860:Bombtrack
1849:Civil War
1741:feudalism
1737:bourgeois
1461:from the
1422:Proseguir
1376:psoriasis
1371:Surquillo
1214:campesino
1177:car bombs
1114:ski-masks
1055:elections
975:in 1928.
583:Opponents
372:terrorist
349:insurgent
246:Elections
186:(defunct)
131:Communism
6993:Peru Now
6507:New Peru
6136:Colombia
5776:Cold War
5182:(1999).
5030:22 March
4844:Archived
4798:Archived
4775:Archived
4764:Archived
4551:(2010).
4411:La Razón
4325:26 April
4263:BBC News
4237:BBC News
4217:Archived
4171:BBC News
4128:BBC News
4108:26 April
4082:26 April
4056:26 April
4030:26 April
3976:24 April
3906:Archived
3808:Archived
3764:Archived
3745:Archived
3696:BBC News
3494:Archived
3372:Archived
3356:89016095
3316:Sky News
3157:: 40–45.
3155:Quehacer
3111:, 1999.
3040:Archived
2979:Archived
2885:27 March
2879:Archived
2815:Archived
2168:Archived
2148:Archived
2106:Archived
2004:See also
1906:Gary Ley
1767:—
1676:with a "
1632:Ideology
1516:Vizcatan
1459:aircraft
1332:and the
1320:and the
1297:Ayacucho
1192:Marxists
1165:blackout
1137:ronderos
1129:Ronderos
1109:military
1079:Apurímac
1075:Ayacucho
1006:Huancayo
998:Ayacucho
859:Pioneers
479:foquismo
364:peasants
345:vanguard
166:Far-left
123:Ideology
7107:FREDEMO
6883:Forward
6853:Contigo
6836:(incl.
6030:Sinchis
5923:MOVADEF
5768:Related
5513:Tacnazo
5113:Sources
5078:7 March
4795:Annex 2
4200:5 April
4151:6 March
3863:Reuters
3406:AP News
3100:et al.
2675:27 June
2650:10 June
2624:23 June
2599:27 June
2573:23 June
1743:, like
1718:stoning
1694:Spanish
1686:Spanish
1654:Quechua
1582:DIRCOTE
1520:APRODEH
1444:Techint
1400:led by
1351:in the
1305:Huánuco
1149:stabbed
1063:Chuschi
936:Origins
931:History
368:Marxist
262:Spanish
93:Founded
85:Founder
62:Leaders
7168:(2021)
7162:(2000)
7156:(2011)
7150:(2011)
7144:(2016)
7138:(2001)
7126:(2011)
7115:(1945)
7109:(1990)
7103:(2006)
7091:(2006)
7085:(2000)
7073:(2016)
7067:(2011)
7061:(2006)
6291:
6264:
6241:
6198:
6185:
6175:Russia
6172:
6159:
6146:
6133:
6120:
6100:
6050:Other:
5933:FUDEPP
5910:
5770:
5766:
5733:
5729:
5686:
5682:
5508:Limazo
5353:
5324:
5302:online
5286:
5263:
5224:(1994)
5214:
5192:
5171:
5157:Rondas
5101:5 July
4968:
4927:
4886:
4772:Part 5
4761:Part 3
4645:
4620:
4597:1 July
4559:
4514:Peru21
4488:CeDeMA
4363:1 July
4243:4 June
3354:
3344:
3234:
3200:
3136:
3119:p. 677
3115:
2893:
2729:
2719:
2619:rpp.pe
2537:
2436:
1950:
1930:
1912:
1894:
1804:
1800:
1762:Yankee
1640:" to "
1540:
1404:, the
1328:, the
1278:rondas
1145:stoned
1121:rondas
1081:, and
1070:Andean
889:(MOTC)
869:(SOPO)
846:(CARP)
776:tasks.
757:FN FAL
707:
694:
681:
668:
655:
645:Canada
642:
592:
545:Allies
205:Slogan
198:
194:Colors
6983:Order
6254:Libya
6188:Spain
6123:China
5899:Libya
5791:VRAEM
4743:(PDF)
4592:(PDF)
2818:(PDF)
2805:(PDF)
2711:[
2694:(PDF)
1942:, by
1922:, by
1452:Cusco
1169:Bayer
1147:him,
1125:Huata
996:, in
905:(MIP)
897:(MAP)
837:(CCM)
828:(MPP)
671:Japan
561:Libya
411:(see
339:were
280:abbr.
96:1969
6244:Cuba
6149:Cuba
6013:Navy
6003:Army
5824:MRTA
5364:2024
5351:ISBN
5346:1992
5335:2024
5322:ISBN
5284:ISBN
5261:ISBN
5212:ISBN
5190:ISBN
5169:ISBN
5103:2022
5080:2019
5032:2022
4966:ISSN
4925:ISSN
4884:ISSN
4770:and
4700:2023
4643:ISBN
4618:ISBN
4599:2022
4557:ISBN
4523:2020
4495:2023
4470:2023
4445:2023
4419:2023
4393:2020
4365:2017
4327:2014
4271:2012
4245:2012
4202:2012
4153:2012
4110:2014
4084:2014
4058:2014
4032:2014
3978:2009
3651:2021
3629:2021
3560:2023
3414:2023
3352:LCCN
3342:ISBN
3323:2023
3297:2023
3232:ISBN
3198:ISBN
3183:162.
3134:ISBN
3113:ISBN
3085:2017
2887:2019
2826:2024
2788:2020
2727:OCLC
2717:ISBN
2677:2017
2652:2018
2626:2017
2601:2017
2575:2017
2548:2018
2535:ISBN
2514:2017
2471:2015
2445:2023
2434:ISSN
2411:2020
2366:2020
2330:2023
2304:2020
2265:2020
2234:2020
2114:2013
1948:ISBN
1928:ISBN
1910:ISBN
1892:ISBN
1161:Lima
1102:coup
1008:and
755:and
684:Peru
537:Size
532:Peru
431:" ("
405:Name
294:and
288:Peru
256:The
6799:TBD
6108:DEA
5253:doi
5167:.
4956:doi
4915:doi
4874:doi
3891:BBC
3847:BBC
3668:BBC
3590:BBC
2402:CNN
2082:doi
1963:JAG
1904:by
1886:by
1874:by
1684:" (
1347:on
753:AKM
286:in
200:Red
7207::
6840:,
5282:.
5259:.
5210:.
5141:.
5071:.
5023:.
4964:.
4950:.
4946:.
4923:.
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