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accepted a creation in the early 7th century, but the title is clearly attested only from the early 9th century on. In the 9th-century lists of precedence (
19:
442:
102:
195:, the dignity corresponds to specific positions in the lower tier of the senior civil and military hierarchy, such as those of
452:
76:
107:, both of which were types of palace guards in the 4th–6th centuries. The earliest references to the title occur in the
418:
243:. The last attested mention of the title is in 1094, and it was dropped from use at the latest in the 12th century.
437:
384:
The
Imperial Administrative System of the Ninth Century – With a Revised Text of the Kletorologion of Philotheos
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251:
The title is rarely encountered in popular culture, but in Season 3, Episode 3 of the historical drama series
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238:
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136:
120:
8:
382:
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404:
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388:
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The dignity was not given to eunuchs, for whom the corresponding dignity was that of
361:
Vikings: Valhalla (2022–2024) Full Cast & Crew. IMDB, Internet Movie
Database.
274:
269:
are depicted receiving it as reward for a victory in Sicily. Hardrada is played by
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116:
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53:
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431:
32:
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38:
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evidence, the dignity was associated mostly with mid-level ranks, such as
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https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11311302/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_cl_sm
157:
112:
413:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1936.
156:
among the dignities intended for 'bearded men' (i.e. non-
191:
and lower judges. In the lists of offices known as the
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319:
255:, the characters representing the Byzantine general
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16:Byzantine court dignity, 7th–11th centuries.
66:
18:
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246:
443:Guards units of the Byzantine Empire
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349:
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211:(commander of a frontier district),
387:. London: Oxford University Press.
140:), the dignity ranks below that of
13:
410:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
286:
14:
464:
403:(1991). "Spatharokandidatos". In
259:and the Viking Harald Sigurdsson
79:used in the 7th–11th centuries.
125:
355:
1:
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453:Byzantine titles and offices
273:, and Maniakes is played by
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237:
235:(divisional commander) of a
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177:
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160:). Its distinctive insigne (
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101:
93:
47:
31:
25:
7:
87:The title was created as a
10:
469:
371:
82:
172:) worn around the chest.
57:
219:(deputy commander) of a
365:retrieved 12 July 2024.
438:Byzantine court titles
178:spatharokoubikoularios
166:) was a golden chain (
67:
42:
22:
203:(senior secretary),
121:Leo III the Isaurian
72:, was a mid-ranking
448:Medieval bodyguards
352:, pp. 150–151.
328:, pp. 22, 134.
115:and in a letter by
41:(10th/11th century)
405:Kazhdan, Alexander
401:Kazhdan, Alexander
247:In Popular Culture
148:and above that of
68:spatharocandidatus
48:Spatharokandidatos
43:
26:spatharokandidatos
257:Georgios Maniakes
253:Vikings: Valhalla
58:σπαθαροκανδιδᾶτος
23:Seal of Niketas,
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304:, p. 1936.
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264:Harald Hardrada
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181:. Judging from
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117:Pope Gregory II
85:
17:
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5:
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340:, p. 150.
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318:
306:
284:
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279:
248:
245:
207:kleisourarches
183:sigillographic
128: 717–741
91:of the titles
84:
81:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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420:0-19-504652-8
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33:chartoularios
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21:
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302:Kazhdan 1991
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132:John B. Bury
108:
86:
65:
45:
44:
39:Cibyrrhaeots
379:Bury, J. B.
231:tourmarches
215:topoteretes
119:to Emperor
89:portmanteau
432:Categories
393:1046639111
281:References
152:spatharios
144:dishypatos
103:kandidatos
95:spatharios
350:Bury 1911
338:Bury 1911
326:Bury 1911
314:Bury 1911
271:Leo Suter
199:asekretis
169:maniakion
74:Byzantine
62:Latinized
381:(1911).
188:notarioi
163:brabeion
407:(ed.).
372:Sources
193:Taktika
158:eunuchs
137:Taktika
109:History
83:History
37:of the
417:
391:
113:Sebeos
239:thema
227:, or
223:tagma
54:Greek
415:ISBN
389:OCLC
99:and
29:and
130:).
111:of
64:as
60:),
434::
288:^
277:.
126:r.
56::
423:.
395:.
266:)
262:(
123:(
52:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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