305:. Critics noted the diverse origins and accents of the Black cast who played all twenty roles (including the two white roles), which included activists and artists from Bermuda, British Guiana, England, Gold Coast, India, Italy, Jamaica and St. Lucia. From 1932 to 1945, Marson moved back and forth between London and Jamaica. She continued to contribute to politics, but now instead of focusing on writing for magazines, she wrote for newspapers and her own literary works in order to get her political ideas across. In these years, Marson kept writing to advocate feminism, but one of her new emphases was on the race issue in England.
597:'s original poem of the same title. Denise deCaires Narain has suggested that Marson was overlooked because poetry concerning the condition and status of women was not important to audiences at the time the works were produced. Other critics, by contrast, praised Marson for her modern style. Some, such as Narain, even suggest that her mimicking challenged conventional poetry of the time in an effort to criticize European poets. Regardless, Marson was active in the West Indian writing community during that period. Her involvement with
362:, which was about a woman who moved to London to further her education. However, the woman later became homesick and returned to Jamaica. This play shows how the main character is a "strong heroine" for being able to "force herself to return to London" in order to finish her education there. Also in the feminist vein, Marson wrote
289:
named Gerald
Fitzroy. He pursues her relentlessly and Ruth becomes pregnant. She returns to the family home, where a long-time admirer proposes marriage. The play explores women's desires – for love and for a career, as well as interracial relations, sexual harassment in the workplace and women's friendship. It opened at the
196:, and his wife Ada Wilhelmina Mullins (1863–1922). She had a middle-class upbringing and was very close to her father, who influenced some of her fatherlike characters in her later works. As a child before going to school, Marson was an avid reader of available literature, which at the time was mostly English classical literature.
258:, about a Jamaican girl who moves from the country into the city of Kingston to work as a stenographer and falls in love with her white male boss. The play opened in Jamaica and later London to critical acclaim. In 1932, she decided to go to London to find a broader audience for her work and to experience life outside of Jamaica.
33:
564:
the 1950s in the US, where she had another breakdown and was admitted to St. Elizabeth's Asylum. Following this, Marson returned to
Jamaica, where she rallied against Rastafarian discrimination. She then went to Israel for a women's conference, an experience that she discussed in her last BBC radio broadcast for
346:
in 1937. Many poems in that volume demonstrate how despite the media's portrayal that black women have inferior beauty when compared to the whites, black women should still be confident in their own physical beauty. This theme is seen in "Cinema Eyes", "Little Brown Girl", "Black is Fancy" and "Kinky
308:
The racism and sexism she found in the UK "transformed both her life and her poetry": the voice in her poetry became more focused on the identity of black women in
England. In this period, Marson not only continued to write about women's roles in society, but also put into the mix the issues faced by
288:
in London in the winter of 1932–33. First staged in
Kingston, Jamaica, in 1932, this four-act drama explores the experiences of Ruth Maitland, a young woman who leaves behind her family home in the countryside and moves to Kingston to become a stenographer in the office of a white English businessman
563:
Another source, written by Lee M. Jenkins, offers a very different take on Marson's personal life and says that Marson was sent to a mental hospital following a breakdown during the years 1946–49. After being discharged, Marson founded the
Pioneer Press. This source claims that she spent a period in
392:
means gullible or unsophisticated. Although initially impressed, Quashie becomes disgusted with
England because there is not enough good food there. The poem shows how, although England has good things to offer, it is Jamaican culture that Quashie misses, and therefore Marson implies that England is
226:
featured articles on feminist topics, local social issues and workers' rights and was aimed at a young, middle-class
Jamaican audience. Marson's articles encouraged women to join the work force and to become politically active. The magazine also featured Jamaican poetry and literature from Marson's
338:
Marson returned to
Jamaica in 1936, where one of her goals was to promote national literature. One step she took in achieving this goal was to help create the Kingston Readers and Writers Club, as well as the Kingston Drama Club. She also founded the Jamaica Save the Children Fund, an organization
207:. She finished school at Hampton High, but did not go on to a college education. After leaving Hampton, she found work in Kingston as a volunteer social worker and used the secretarial skills, such as stenography, she had learned in school, her first job being with the
393:
supposed to be "the temporary venue for entertainment". The poem shows how it was possible for a writer to implement
Caribbean dialect in a poem, and it is this usage of local dialect that situates Quashie's perspective of England as a Caribbean perspective.
579:, yet provides no citation for this work. In combination with this is the limited record of her writings during this time period. Many of her works were left unpublished or circulated only in Jamaica. Most of these writings are only available in the
218:. Her years there taught her journalism skills as well as influencing her political and social opinions and inspired her to create her own publication. In fact, in 1928, she became Jamaica's first female editor and publisher of her own magazine,
246:. Her poems about love are somewhat misunderstood by friends and critics, as there is no evidence of a romantic relationship in Marson's life, although love continued to be a common topic in her work. In 1931, due to financial difficulties,
540:
were much more focused on the independent woman. Her efforts outside of her writing seem to work in collaboration with these sentiments, though conflicting stories offer little concrete evidence about what she exactly did.
583:
in
Kingston, as a special collection at the National Library of Jamaica. Given these constraints, it is difficult to understand the whole of Marson's accomplishments during the final two decades of her life.
667:, in which Delia Jarrett-Macauley asks: "How could we have let someone of Una Marson's calibre just disappear?"; the film included dramatisations of Marson's life, in which she was played by Seroca Davis.
592:
Critics have both praised and dismissed Marson's poetry. She has been criticized for mimicking European style, such as Romantic and Georgian poetics. For example, Marson's poem "If" parodies the style of
373:, is about a woman named Stella who is looking for an exciting life. Critics suggest that this play is significant because it demonstrates how an "Afro-religious cult" affects middle-class women.
203:, a girl's boarding school in Jamaica of which her father was on the board of trustees. However, that same year, Rev. Isaac died, leaving the family with financial problems, so they moved to
1517:
532:
Details of Marson's life are limited, and those pertaining to her personal and professional life post-1945 are particularly elusive. In 1945, she published a poetry collection entitled
347:
Hair Blues". However, Marson herself was affected by the stereotype of superior white beauty; Marson herself, her biographer tells us, within months of her arrival in Britain "stopped
509:, who eventually took over her role when Marson returned to Jamaica. However, "despite these experiences and personal connections, there is a strong sense, in Marson's poetry and in
573:
The conflicting details regarding Marson's personal life show that there is very little information available about her. For example, Waters' article quotes Marson's criticisms of
1472:
548:
states that Marson was a secretary for the Pioneer Press, a publishing company in Jamaica for Jamaican authors. This source believes that she then moved in the 1950s to
1306:
1859:
401:
Marson returned to London in 1938 to continue work on the Jamaican Save the Children project that she started in Jamaica, and also to be on the staff of the
385:
was a break in tradition because it talked about a cult from the country", and, as such, it represented a turning point in what was acceptable on the stage.
1929:
601:
was important to publicising Caribbean literature internationally, as well as spurring nationalism within the Caribbean islands that she represented.
1934:
1909:
388:
In 1937, Marson wrote a poem called "Quashie comes to London", which is the perspective of England in a Caribbean narrative. In Caribbean dialect,
420:, in which World War II soldiers would have their messages read on the radio to their families, becoming the producer of the programme by 1942.
1445:
1806:
1914:
1924:
1728:
250:
ceased publication, which led her to begin publishing more poetry and plays. In 1931, she published another collection of poetry, entitled
1826:
1864:
925:
839:
Billy Strachan 1921–1988 RAF Officer, Communist, Civil Rights Pioneer, Legal Administrator, Internationalist and Above All Caribbean Man
1889:
1949:
1959:
1874:
560:, she died aged 60 in May 1965, at St. Josephs Hospital, Kingston, and was buried on 10 May at the Half-Way-Tree Parish Cemetery.
377:
is also one of Marson's most important works because she was able to put the essence of Jamaican culture into it. Critics such as
1894:
1721:
552:, where she met and married a dentist named Peter Staples. The couple allegedly divorced, allowing Marson to travel to England,
1899:
1869:
1954:
1696:
1605:
536:. This marked a shift in the focus of her poetry: while she once wrote about female sadness over lost love, poems from
172:) as the first "Black British feminist to speak out against racism and sexism in Britain". British civil rights leader
1613:
911:
1408:
429:, as a forum in which Caribbean literary work was read over the radio. Through this show, Marson met people such as
1884:
409:, a political weekly, in an effort to spur Caribbean nationalism through literature. In 1941, she was hired by the
1174:
323:
1072:
1017:
969:
1964:
1904:
1746:
1067:
Donnell, Alison (30 July 2018). "Una Marson: Feminism, anti-colonialism and a forgotten fight for freedom". In
279:
326:, a global feminist organization. By 1935, she was involved with the International Alliance of Women based in
1944:
1518:"Una Marson: Our Lost Caribbean Voice review – a beautiful, moving portrait of BBC's first Black broadcaster"
955:
1379:'This is the Age of Woman': Black Feminism and Black Internationalism in the Works of Una Marson, 1928-1938"
405:. In March 1940, Marson published an article entitled "We Want Books - But Do We Encourage Our Writers?" in
1879:
309:
black people who lived in England. In July 1933, she wrote a poem called "Nigger" that would appear in the
1799:
1203:
950:
1939:
842:
645:
631:
293:
Central Club Hall in London on 23 November 1933. It ran for a further four nights in January 1934 at the
1919:
1793:
1576:
310:
1212:
991:
200:
1247:
1684:
1339:
Rosenberg, Leah, "The Pitfalls of Feminist Nationalism and the Career of Una Marson" (2007), 160.
1473:"Una Marson: Southwark names new Walworth library after pioneering black broadcaster and writer"
1593:
1190:
623:
510:
348:
189:
165:
1642:
1583:
430:
228:
1854:
1849:
1830:
580:
446:
302:
243:
1742:
1716:
758:
8:
1649:
Rosenberg, Leah. "The Pitfalls of Feminist Nationalism and the Career of Una Marson". In
1490:
1349:
1330:
Jenkins, "Penelope's Web: Una Marson, Lorna Goodison, M. Nourbese Philip" (2004), 128–29.
1096:
611:
185:
64:
1432:
659:'s production company, Douglas Road Productions, made a television documentary entitled
254:, which also dealt with love and social issues. Also in 1931, she wrote her first play,
1375:
1276:
877:
804:
462:
315:
1109:
Jenkins, Lee M., "Penelope's Web: Una Marson, Lorna Goodison, M. Nourbese Philip", in
184:
Una Marson was born on 6 February 1905, at Sharon Mission House, Sharon village, near
1692:
1619:
Jenkins, Lee M. "Penelope's Web: Una Marson, Lorna Goodison, M. Nourbese Philip". In
1609:
1601:
907:
846:
808:
796:
735:
671:
413:
204:
114:
87:
68:
1637:
1627:
788:
675:
544:
Sources differ in outlining Marson's personal life during this time period. Author
513:'s biography , that Marson remained something of an isolated and marginal figure".
470:
425:
298:
193:
153:
109:
792:
270:
restricted her ability to find work, and she campaigned against it. She stayed in
1827:"Una Marson: Writer, Activist & the first Black woman broadcaster at the BBC"
1732:
1535:
700:
594:
566:
545:
474:
442:
284:
214:
In 1926, Marson was appointed assistant editor of the Jamaican political journal
1807:"A little known poet with an important place in the history of Jamaican writing"
776:
1659:. "Contradictory (W)omens?: Gender Consciousness in the Poetry of Una Marson".
1656:
1272:
1091:
616:
575:
549:
506:
486:
482:
454:
355:
239:
208:
173:
1787:
1709:
1186:
670:
On 2 February 2024, the Una Marson Library, named after Marson, was opened by
648:
announced the naming of the Una Marson Library, to be opened in 2022 near the
339:
that raised funds to give the poorer children money to get a basic education.
319:, on which she worked in an editorial capacity and became Editor for in 1935.
192:, as the youngest of six children of Rev. Solomon Isaac Marson (1858–1916), a
1843:
1811:
1243:
1239:
850:
800:
649:
638:
498:
458:
450:
438:
294:
322:
Outside of her writing at that time, Marson was in the London branch of the
1068:
557:
521:
478:
466:
275:
144:
32:
1572:
656:
490:
501:. The latter helped Marson edit the programme before she turned it into
238:, that dealt with love and nature with elements of feminism. It won the
1564:
494:
378:
267:
176:
credited Una Marson with educating him on political and racial issues.
1039:
Hughes, Spike (16 January 1934). "All-Coloured Play of Many Accents".
158:
1536:"Una Marson: Library honouring first black BBC radio producer opens"
132:, activist and writer, producing poems, plays and radio programmes.
1819:
1446:"Southwark announces new library named after local hero Una Marson"
434:
327:
129:
234:
In 1930, Marson published her first collection of poems, entitled
1776:
1764:
1752:
664:
271:
126:
553:
139:
in 1932 and became the first black woman to be employed by the
136:
1567:& George Woodyard (eds). "Introduction" and "Jamaica". In
1028:(4): 9. April–June 1934 – via British Newspaper Archive.
980:(4): 9. April–June 1934 – via British Newspaper Archive.
354:
Going along with her feminist principles, Marson worked with
926:"The pioneering women who took on Hitler … and Fleet Street"
278:, who the year before had founded civil-rights organisation
1582:
Narain, Denise deCaires. "Literary Mothers? Una Marson and
290:
266:
When she first arrived in the UK in 1932, Marson found the
1621:
The Language of Caribbean Poetry: Boundaries of Expression
410:
227:
fellow members of the Jamaican Poetry League, started by
140:
652:
in south London, recognising Marson as a "local hero".
423:
During the same year, Marson turned the programme into
1782:
1770:
1758:
1600:. Manchester (UK): Manchester University Press, 1998.
1569:
The Cambridge Guide to African & Caribbean Theatre
906:, Manchester University Press, 1998. Reprinted 2010,
1651:
Nationalism and the formation of Caribbean Literature
1623:. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press, 2004.
282:. The League sponsored a production of Marson's play
1124:
The Cambridge Guide to African and Caribbean Theatre
777:"Making Waves: Una Marson's Poetic Voice at the BBC"
527:
1588:
Contemporary Caribbean Women's Poetry: Making Style
1491:"BBC 100: Lenny Henry on Una Marson's faded legacy"
1396:
Contemporary Caribbean Women's Poetry: Making Style
609:Marson's poetry was included in the 1992 anthology
342:In promoting Jamaican literature, Marson published
1634:, Mona & Kingston: Dept of History, UWI, 1993.
1841:
1710:Una Marson: Race and Censorship in 1930s Theatre
821:
147:. In 1942, she became producer of the programme
1860:20th-century British dramatists and playwrights
1820:"Una Marson: Cultural And Literary Nationalist"
637:On 10 October 2021, Marson was honoured with a
524:, who took over after she returned to Jamaica.
1640:. "Decolonization in West Indian Literature".
1238:
505:. She also established a firm friendship with
1689:Under Fire - Black Britain in Wartime 1939-45
626:published the original full-length biography
1668:The Routledge Reader in Caribbean Literature
1163:The Routledge Reader in Caribbean Literature
1150:The Routledge Reader in Caribbean Literature
1747:limited preview of the book in Google Books
826:. Manchester University Press. p. vii.
587:
1177:, BBC Caribbean, 31 March 2011 (archived).
179:
31:
1930:Jamaican women dramatists and playwrights
1666:Donnell, Alison, and Sarah Lawson Welsh.
1590:. New York & London: Routledge, 2002.
1515:
1148:Donnell, Alison, and Sarah Lawson Welsh,
396:
261:
199:At the age of 10, Marson was enrolled in
1935:Jamaican emigrants to the United Kingdom
1910:British women dramatists and playwrights
923:
16:Jamaican writer and activist (1905–1965)
1802:at Making Britain, The Open University.
1722:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1712:| Collection in Focus | British Library
1066:
951:"The BBC's Forgotten Black Female Star"
836:
763:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
366:, contributing to the feminist column.
1842:
1833:, University of London, 6 August 2018.
1516:Nicholson, Rebecca (23 October 2022).
1271:Jenkins, "Penelope's Web: Una Marson,
1086:
1084:
1038:
774:
753:
751:
157:, which became an important forum for
1632:Voices of Women in Jamaica, 1898–1939
1470:
1227:Contemporary Caribbean Women's Poetry
996:British Library Digitised Manuscripts
125:(6 February 1905 – 6 May 1965) was a
1915:British women television journalists
1074:West Indian intellectuals in Britain
674:as part of the redevelopment of the
661:Una Marson, Our Lost Caribbean Voice
556:, then back to Jamaica; following a
333:
274:, south-east London, at the home of
1925:Jamaican dramatists and playwrights
1679:Caribbean and Black African Writers
1294:Caribbean and Black African Writers
1081:
924:Lonsdale, Sarah (25 October 2020).
748:
13:
1865:20th-century British women writers
1729:"The Life of Una Marson 1905–1965"
1626:Marson, Una. Assorted writings in
1409:"The Life of Una Marson 1905–1965"
14:
1976:
1890:20th-century Black British people
1789:"West Indies Calling (1944)", BFI
1703:
824:The Life of Una Marson, 1905–1965
628:The Life of Una Marson, 1905–1965
528:Life after World War II (1945–65)
170:The Life of Una Marson, 1905–1965
1950:Recipients of the Musgrave Medal
1783:Digital Library of the Caribbean
1771:Digital Library of the Caribbean
1759:Digital Library of the Caribbean
1725:, Oxford University Press, 2004.
1675:Dictionary of Literary Biography
1670:. New York, NY: Routledge, 1996.
1383:History of Women in the Americas
1290:Dictionary of Literary Biography
1111:The Language of Caribbean Poetry
822:Jarrett-Macauley, Delia (1998).
765:, Oxford University Press, 2004.
1960:Jamaican women radio presenters
1875:BBC newsreaders and journalists
1735: (archived 29 April 2009).
1673:Waters, Erika J. "Una Marson".
1653:. NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
1528:
1509:
1483:
1464:
1438:
1426:
1401:
1388:
1385:1:1, April 2013 (50–73), p. 61.
1368:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1299:
1282:
1265:
1232:
1219:
1196:
1180:
1168:
1155:
1142:
1129:
1116:
1103:
1060:
1047:
1032:
1010:
984:
962:
775:Thomas, Leonie (3 April 2018).
681:
520:, was subsequently produced by
324:International Alliance of Women
39:The West Indian Radio Newspaper
1895:Black British radio presenters
1571:. Advisory editor for Africa,
1471:Heren, Kit (24 October 2021).
1077:. Manchester University Press.
943:
917:
896:
870:
857:
830:
815:
768:
358:to create another play called
280:The League of Coloured Peoples
1:
1350:"Una Maud Marson (1905-1965)"
1307:"Una Maud Marson (1905-1965)"
1100:, London: Cape, 1992, p. 221.
793:10.1080/13688804.2018.1471351
742:
1187:"West Indies Calling (1944)"
7:
1900:Black British women writers
1870:20th-century Jamaican poets
1717:"Marson, Una Maud Victoria"
1691:. The History Press, 2020.
1354:National Library of Jamaica
1311:National Library of Jamaica
843:Caribbean Labour Solidarity
759:"Marson, Una Maud Victoria"
646:London Borough of Southwark
632:Manchester University Press
10:
1981:
1577:Cambridge University Press
1557:
1435:, Google, 10 October 2021.
516:Marson's radio programme,
311:League of Coloured Peoples
1955:Jamaican radio presenters
1225:Narain, Denise deCaires,
1213:Caribbean Review of Books
902:Jarrett-Macauley, Delia,
757:DeCaires Narain, Denise,
604:
416:to work on the programme
103:
95:
76:
46:
37:Marson reading a copy of
30:
23:
1715:Denise deCaires Narain,
1579:, 1994. 141–49; 197–202.
1122:Banham, Hill, Woodyard,
588:Criticism and influences
123:Una Maud Victoria Marson
51:Una Maud Victoria Marson
1885:Black British activists
1822:, AAIHS, 26 March 2016.
1743:Biography of Una Marson
1594:Jarrett-Macauley, Delia
1018:"Play at Scala Theatre"
970:"Play at Scala Theatre"
882:Women's History Network
837:Horsley, David (2019).
418:Calling the West Indies
180:Early years (1905–1932)
149:Calling the West Indies
1598:The Life of Una Marson
1575:. NY & Cambridge:
1542:. BBC. 2 February 2024
1497:. BBC. 18 October 2022
1433:Celebrating Una Marson
1413:Delia Jarrett-Macauley
1288:Waters, "Una Marson",
904:The Life of Una Marson
865:The Life of Una Marson
624:Delia Jarrett-Macauley
397:London years (1938–45)
349:straightening her hair
262:London years (1932–36)
166:Delia Jarrett-Macauley
1965:Women radio producers
1905:Black British writers
1766:The Moth and the Star
1584:Phyllis Shand Allfrey
1374:Umoren, Imaobong D.,
644:In October 2021, the
431:J. E. Clare McFarlane
369:Marson's third play,
229:J. E. Clare McFarlane
1945:Jamaican women poets
1831:Senate House Library
1681:, third series. 207.
1296:, third series, 207.
1202:De Caires, Brendan,
878:"Una Marson 1905-65"
581:Institute of Jamaica
447:James Weldon Johnson
303:Tottenham Court Road
244:Institute of Jamaica
1880:BBC radio producers
1815:, 16 February 2014.
1737:Black History Month
1161:Donnell and Welsh,
1097:Daughters of Africa
634:, reprinted 2010).
612:Daughters of Africa
351:and went natural".
188:, in the parish of
186:Santa Cruz, Jamaica
99:Writer and activist
1940:Jamaican feminists
1754:Heights and Depths
1646:, 22 (1965):48–49.
1608:. Reprinted 2010,
1277:M. NourbeSe Philip
1053:Waters, Erika J.,
863:Jarrett-Macauley,
694:Heights and Depths
252:Heights and Depths
168:described her (in
151:, turning it into
1920:English feminists
1638:Ramchand, Kenneth
1452:. 22 October 2021
1450:Southwark Council
1246:(20 March 2004).
998:. 7 November 2022
992:"At What a Price"
736:Peepal Tree Press
726:Towards the Stars
708:Moth and the Star
678:in south London.
672:Southwark Council
538:Towards the Stars
534:Towards the Stars
403:Jamaican Standard
344:Moth and the Star
334:Jamaica (1936–38)
135:She travelled to
120:
119:
115:BBC World Service
69:Colony of Jamaica
1972:
1818:Lisa Tomlinson,
1790:
1628:Linnette Vassell
1563:Banham, Martin,
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1405:
1399:
1392:
1386:
1378:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1303:
1297:
1286:
1280:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1236:
1230:
1223:
1217:
1216:, November 2015.
1200:
1194:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1165:(1996), 185–186.
1159:
1153:
1146:
1140:
1133:
1127:
1120:
1114:
1107:
1101:
1090:"Una Marson" in
1088:
1079:
1078:
1064:
1058:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
988:
982:
981:
966:
960:
959:, 10 March 2019.
947:
941:
940:
938:
936:
921:
915:
900:
894:
893:
891:
889:
874:
868:
861:
855:
854:
834:
828:
827:
819:
813:
812:
772:
766:
755:
676:Aylesbury Estate
599:Caribbean Voices
518:Caribbean Voices
511:Jarrett-Macauley
503:Caribbean Voices
471:Sylvia Pankhurst
426:Caribbean Voices
299:Charlotte Street
248:The Cosmopolitan
224:The Cosmopolitan
220:The Cosmopolitan
161:literary work.
154:Caribbean Voices
110:Caribbean Voices
83:
71:, British Empire
60:
58:
35:
21:
20:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1788:
1778:Tropic Reveries
1733:Wayback Machine
1706:
1685:Bourne, Stephen
1657:Donnell, Alison
1560:
1555:
1545:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1469:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1393:
1389:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1356:. 19 April 2017
1348:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1287:
1283:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1237:
1233:
1224:
1220:
1201:
1197:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1160:
1156:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1130:
1121:
1117:
1108:
1104:
1089:
1082:
1065:
1061:
1052:
1048:
1037:
1033:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1001:
999:
990:
989:
985:
968:
967:
963:
948:
944:
934:
932:
922:
918:
901:
897:
887:
885:
876:
875:
871:
862:
858:
835:
831:
820:
816:
773:
769:
756:
749:
745:
701:At What a Price
688:Tropic Reveries
684:
663:, broadcast on
607:
590:
546:Erika J. Waters
530:
475:Winifred Holtby
443:Langston Hughes
399:
336:
285:At What a Price
264:
256:At What a Price
236:Tropic Reveries
182:
164:Her biographer
91:
85:
81:
72:
62:
61:6 February 1905
56:
54:
53:
52:
42:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1978:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1835:
1834:
1825:Leila Kassir,
1823:
1816:
1805:Al Creighton,
1803:
1797:
1785:
1773:
1761:
1749:
1740:
1726:
1713:
1705:
1704:External links
1702:
1701:
1700:
1697:978-0750994354
1682:
1671:
1664:
1654:
1647:
1635:
1624:
1617:
1606:978-0719052842
1591:
1580:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1527:
1508:
1482:
1477:Southwark News
1463:
1437:
1425:
1400:
1387:
1367:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1298:
1281:
1279:" (2004), 139.
1273:Lorna Goodison
1264:
1248:"Henry Swanzy"
1244:Walmsley, Anne
1240:Nanton, Philip
1231:
1218:
1195:
1193:; via YouTube.
1179:
1167:
1154:
1141:
1128:
1115:
1102:
1092:Margaret Busby
1080:
1059:
1046:
1031:
1009:
983:
961:
942:
916:
895:
869:
856:
845:. p. 11.
829:
814:
787:(2): 212–225.
767:
746:
744:
741:
740:
739:
732:Selected Poems
729:
728:(1945, poetry)
723:
717:
714:London Calling
711:
710:(1937, poetry)
705:
697:
696:(1932, poetry)
691:
690:(1930, poetry)
683:
680:
617:Margaret Busby
606:
603:
589:
586:
576:Porgy and Bess
550:Washington, DC
529:
526:
507:Mary Treadgold
487:Louis MacNeice
483:John Masefield
455:Haile Selassie
414:Empire Service
407:Public Opinion
398:
395:
364:Public Opinion
360:London Calling
356:Louise Bennett
335:
332:
263:
260:
240:Musgrave Medal
216:Jamaica Critic
209:Salvation Army
194:Baptist parson
181:
178:
174:Billy Strachan
118:
117:
105:
104:Known for
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
86:
84:(aged 60)
78:
74:
73:
63:
50:
48:
44:
43:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1977:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1838:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:Stabroek News
1808:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1775:Una Marson's
1774:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1763:Una Marson's
1762:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1751:Una Marson's
1750:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1614:9780719082566
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1467:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1434:
1429:
1414:
1410:
1404:
1397:
1391:
1384:
1380:
1371:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1295:
1291:
1285:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1228:
1222:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1199:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1176:
1171:
1164:
1158:
1151:
1145:
1138:
1132:
1125:
1119:
1112:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1050:
1042:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1013:
997:
993:
987:
979:
975:
971:
965:
958:
957:
952:
949:Motune, Vic,
946:
931:
927:
920:
913:
912:9780719082566
909:
905:
899:
884:. 29 May 2011
883:
879:
873:
867:, pp. 21, 24.
866:
860:
852:
848:
844:
840:
833:
825:
818:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
781:Media History
778:
771:
764:
760:
754:
752:
747:
737:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
702:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
685:
679:
677:
673:
668:
666:
662:
658:
653:
651:
650:Old Kent Road
647:
642:
640:
639:Google Doodle
635:
633:
629:
625:
620:
618:
614:
613:
602:
600:
596:
585:
582:
578:
577:
571:
569:
568:
561:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
539:
535:
525:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
499:George Orwell
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:Marcus Garvey
456:
452:
451:Jomo Kenyatta
448:
444:
440:
439:Andrew Salkey
436:
432:
428:
427:
421:
419:
415:
412:
408:
404:
394:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
345:
340:
331:
329:
325:
320:
318:
317:
312:
306:
304:
300:
296:
295:Scala Theatre
292:
287:
286:
281:
277:
273:
269:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
232:
230:
225:
221:
217:
212:
210:
206:
202:
197:
195:
191:
187:
177:
175:
171:
167:
162:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
142:
138:
133:
131:
128:
124:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
98:
96:Occupation(s)
94:
89:
79:
75:
70:
66:
49:
45:
41:, during WWII
40:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1836:
1810:
1800:"Una Marson"
1777:
1765:
1753:
1736:
1720:
1688:
1678:
1677:, vol. 157:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1650:
1641:
1631:
1620:
1597:
1587:
1568:
1544:. Retrieved
1539:
1530:
1522:The Guardian
1521:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1494:
1485:
1476:
1466:
1454:. Retrieved
1449:
1440:
1428:
1416:. Retrieved
1412:
1403:
1395:
1390:
1382:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1353:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1314:. Retrieved
1310:
1301:
1293:
1292:, vol. 157:
1289:
1284:
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1252:The Guardian
1251:
1234:
1226:
1221:
1211:
1205:
1198:
1182:
1170:
1162:
1157:
1152:(1996), 120.
1149:
1144:
1136:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1113:(2004), 138.
1110:
1105:
1095:
1073:
1069:Bill Schwarz
1062:
1054:
1049:
1043:. p. 3.
1041:Daily Herald
1040:
1034:
1025:
1021:
1012:
1000:. Retrieved
995:
986:
977:
973:
964:
954:
945:
933:. Retrieved
930:The Observer
929:
919:
903:
898:
886:. Retrieved
881:
872:
864:
859:
838:
832:
823:
817:
784:
780:
770:
762:
731:
725:
722:(1938, play)
719:
716:(1938, play)
713:
707:
704:(1933, play)
699:
693:
687:
682:Bibliography
669:
660:
654:
643:
636:
627:
621:
615:, edited by
610:
608:
598:
591:
574:
572:
567:Woman's Hour
565:
562:
558:heart attack
543:
537:
533:
531:
522:Henry Swanzy
517:
515:
502:
479:Paul Robeson
467:Nancy Cunard
424:
422:
417:
406:
402:
400:
389:
387:
382:
374:
370:
368:
363:
359:
353:
343:
341:
337:
321:
314:
307:
283:
276:Harold Moody
265:
255:
251:
247:
235:
233:
223:
219:
215:
213:
201:Hampton High
198:
190:St Elizabeth
183:
169:
163:
152:
148:
145:World War II
134:
122:
121:
108:
107:Producer of
82:(1965-05-06)
38:
18:
1855:1965 deaths
1850:1905 births
1781:within the
1769:within the
1757:within the
1573:Olu Obafemi
1210:, Archive,
657:Lenny Henry
491:T. S. Eliot
381:said that "
313:' journal,
1844:Categories
1643:Transition
1565:Errol Hill
1546:2 February
1501:18 October
1456:23 October
1418:27 October
1316:27 October
1257:25 October
1229:(2002), 3.
1175:"About us"
1137:Una Marson
1055:Una Marson
1002:7 November
935:25 October
888:27 October
841:. London:
743:References
495:Tambimuttu
463:Amy Garvey
379:Ivy Baxter
268:colour bar
80:6 May 1965
65:Santa Cruz
57:1905-02-06
25:Una Marson
956:The Voice
851:2055-7035
809:150033519
801:1368-8804
720:Pocomania
655:In 2022,
622:In 1998,
383:Pocomania
375:Pocomania
371:Pocomania
242:from the
159:Caribbean
90:, Jamaica
1739:website.
1661:Kunapipi
1540:BBC News
1495:BBC News
1394:Narain,
1208:moderns"
1206:Windrush
1135:Waters,
1022:The Keys
974:The Keys
435:Vic Reid
328:Istanbul
316:The Keys
205:Kingston
130:feminist
127:Jamaican
88:Kingston
1794:YouTube
1731:at the
1663:(1996).
1630:(ed.),
1558:Sources
1398:, 2002.
1071:(ed.).
738:, 2011)
665:BBC Two
595:Kipling
390:quashie
272:Peckham
143:during
1695:
1612:
1604:
1360:1 June
1139:, 206.
1126:, 212.
1057:, 204.
910:
849:
807:
799:
605:Legacy
554:Israel
137:London
805:S2CID
1745:and
1693:ISBN
1610:ISBN
1602:ISBN
1548:2024
1503:2022
1458:2022
1420:2022
1362:2020
1318:2022
1259:2020
1004:2022
937:2020
908:ISBN
890:2022
847:ISSN
797:ISSN
497:and
301:and
291:YWCA
77:Died
47:Born
1792:on
1586:".
1191:BFI
789:doi
641:.
411:BBC
297:on
141:BBC
113:on
1846::
1829:,
1809:,
1719:,
1687:.
1596:.
1538:.
1520:.
1493:.
1475:.
1448:.
1411:.
1381:,
1352:.
1309:.
1275:,
1250:.
1242:;
1189:,
1094:,
1083:^
1024:.
1020:.
994:.
976:.
972:.
953:,
928:.
880:.
803:.
795:.
785:24
783:.
779:.
761:,
750:^
619:.
570:.
493:,
489:,
485:,
481:,
477:,
473:,
469:,
465:,
461:,
457:,
453:,
449:,
445:,
441:,
437:,
433:,
330:.
231:.
222:.
211:.
67:,
1796:.
1699:.
1616:.
1550:.
1524:.
1505:.
1479:.
1460:.
1422:.
1377:"
1364:.
1320:.
1261:.
1204:"
1026:1
1006:.
978:1
939:.
914:.
892:.
853:.
811:.
791::
734:(
630:(
59:)
55:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
