1028:. Many words, thought to be wrongly pronounced by the countryman, are actually correct, and it is the accepted pronunciation which is wrong. English pronounces W-A-R-M worm, and W-O-R-M wyrm; in the dialect W-A-R-M is pronounced as it is spelt, Anglo-Saxon W-E-A-R-M. The Anglo-Saxon for worm is W-Y-R-M. Polite English pronounces W-A-S-P wosp; the Anglo-Saxon word is W-O-P-S and a Somerset man still says WOPSE. The verb To Be is used in the old form, I be, Thee bist, He be, We be, Thee 'rt, They be. 'Had I known I wouldn't have gone', is 'If I'd a-know'd I 'ooden never a-went'; 'A' is the old way of denoting the past participle, and went is from the verb to wend (Anglo-Saxon wendan).
206:
1154:
361:
311:
253:
591:(Brythonic/Brittonic) that was spoken all over what is now the West Country until the West Saxons conquered and settled most of the area. The Cornish language throughout much of the High Middle Ages was not just the vernacular but the prestigious language in Cornwall among all classes, but was also spoken in large areas of Devon well after the Norman conquest. Cornish began to decline after the Late Middle Ages with English expanding westwards, and after the
1797:
755:. According to Blackmore, he relied on a "phonogogic" style for his characters' speech, emphasizing their accents and word formation. He expended great effort, in all of his novels, on his characters' dialogues and dialects, striving to recount realistically not only the ways, but also the tones and accents, in which thoughts and utterances were formed by the various sorts of people who lived in the
1398:, was borrowed from Brythonic into Old English and is common in placenames east of the Tamar, especially Devon, and also in northern Somerset around Bath and the examples Hazeley Combe and Combley Great Wood (despite spelling difference, both are pronounced 'coombe') are to be found as far away as the Isle of Wight. Some possible examples of Brythonic words surviving in the Devon dialect include:
328:
488:, it is possible to encounter similar accents and, indeed, much the same distinct dialect, albeit with some similarities to others in neighbouring regions. Although natives of all these locations, especially in rural parts, often still have West Country influences in their speech, their increased mobility and
3166:
There is a popular prejudice that stereotypes speakers as unsophisticated and even backward, due possibly to the deliberate and lengthened nature of the accent. This can work to the West
Country speaker's advantage, however: recent studies of how trustworthy Britons find their fellows based on their
1134:
and West
Country folk. It and all their songs are sung entirely in a local version of the dialect, which is somewhat exaggerated and distorted. Some words used aren't even typical of the local dialect. For instance, the word "nowt" is used in the song "Threshing Machine". This word is generally used
329:
1215:
have also had a long-term influence on the West
Country dialects beyond Cornwall, both as a substrate (certain West Country dialect words and possibly grammatical features) and languages of contact. Recent research on the roots of English proposes that the extent of Brythonic syntactic influence on
1204:
reclaiming
Cornish words that had been preserved in the local dialect into its lexicon, and also (especially "Revived Late Cornish") borrowing other dialect words. However, there has been some controversy over whether all of these words are of native origin, as opposed to imported from parts of
1165:
after approximately the 13th century, a complete language shift to
English took centuries more. The linguistic boundary between English in the east and Cornish in the west shifted markedly in the county between 1300 and 1750 (see figure). This is not to be thought of as a sharp boundary, and it
1355:, fragments of Cornish survived in English even into the 20th century, e.g. some numerals (especially for counting fish) and the Lord's Prayer were noted by W. D. Watson in 1925, Edwin Norris collected the Creed in 1860, and J. H. Nankivel also recorded numerals in 1865. The dialect of
1113:
In more recent times, West
Country dialects have been treated with some derision, which has led many local speakers to abandon them or water them down. In particular it is British comedy which has brought them to the fore outside their native regions, and paradoxically groups such as
521:
In literary contexts, most of the usage has been in either poetry or dialogue, to add "local colour". It has rarely been used for serious prose in recent times but was used much more extensively up until the 19th century. West
Country dialects are commonly represented as
3101:
Owing to the West
Country's agricultural history, the West Country accent has for centuries been associated with farming, and consequently with a lack of education and rustic simplicity. This can be seen in literature as early as the 18th century, for instance in
3123:
accents increasingly became a marker of personal social mobility. Universal primary education was also an important factor as it made it possible for some to move out of their rural environments into situations where other modes of speech were current.
1093:
The use of masculine and sometimes feminine, rather than neuter, pronouns with non-animate referents also parallels Low German, which unlike
English retains grammatical genders. The pronunciation of "s" as "z" is also similar to Low German. However,
270:
378:
327:
1016:
Outside
Cornwall, it is believed that the various local dialects reflect the territories of various West Saxon tribes, who had their own dialects which fused together into a national language in the later Anglo-Saxon period.
2891:", "hoe" (a bay). These are not to be confused with fossilised Brythonic or Cornish language terms; for example, "-coombe" is quite a common suffix in West Country place names (not so much in Cornwall), and means "valley".
996:
became more powerful they enlarged their kingdom westwards and north-westwards by taking territory from the British kingdoms in those districts. From Wessex, the Anglo-Saxons spread into the Celtic regions of present-day
271:
3928:
3551:
Origin of the Anglo-Saxon race : a study of the settlement of England and the tribal origin of the Old English people; Author: William Thomas Shore; Editors TW and LE Shore; Publisher: Elliot Stock; published
1791:
Some of the vocabulary used relates to English words of a bygone era, e.g. the verb "to hark" (as in "'ark a'ee"), "thee" (often abbreviated to "'ee"), the increased use of the infinitive form of the verb "to be"
2886:
Some dialect words now appear mainly, or solely, in place names, such as "batch" (North Somerset, = hill but more commonly applied to Coalmine spoil heaps e.g. Camerton batch, Farrington batch, Braysdown batch),
1166:
should not be inferred that there were no Cornish speakers to the east of the line and no English speakers to the west. Nor should it be inferred that the boundary suddenly moved a great distance every 50 years.
2494:
Terms of endearment when used on their own. Can also be joined to a greeting and used towards strangers, e.g. "Good morning my luvver" may be said by a shop keeper to a customer. See also "Alright my Luvver?".
379:
1209:. Some modern-day revived Cornish speakers have been known to use Cornish words within an English sentence, and even those who are not speakers of the language sometimes use words from the language in names.
3627:
2605:, this phrase has become stereotypical, and is used often to mock speakers of West Country dialects. In the modern day Ooh Ah is commonly used as the correct phrase though mostly avoided due to stereotypes.
320:
2637:"a phrase with which the native sum up and dismisses everything that he ... (a) cannot comprehend, (b) does not believe, (c) has no patience with, or (d) is entertained by but unwilling to praise."
1359:
is particularly distinctive, especially in terms of grammar. This is most likely due to the late decay of the Cornish language in this area. In Cornwall the following places were included in the
1185:, on the basis that many Cornish could not speak English. Cornish probably ceased to be spoken as a community language sometime around 1780, with the last monoglot Cornish speaker believed to be
3084:("Don't tell me, tell him!"), "'ey give I fifty quid and I zay no, giv'ee to charity inztead" ("They gave me £50 and I said no, give it to charity instead"). When in casual Standard English the
269:
4007:
330:
377:
3389:
1878:(just as with the phrase "alright mate", when said by a person from the West Country, it has no carnal connotations, it is merely a greeting. Commonly used across the West Country)
981:
claimed in 1856 that, due to its position at the heart of the Kingdom of Wessex, the relics of Anglo-Saxon accent, idiom and vocabulary were best preserved in the Somerset dialect.
802:, wrote 3,000 short stories in the Devonshire dialect for local Devon newspapers, and published collections of them, as well as performing them widely on stage, film, and broadcast.
3131:
The people of the South West have long endured the cultural stereotype of 'ooh arr'ing carrot-crunching yokels, and Bristol in particular has fought hard to shake this image off
3186:" – that cartoon-like "Ooh arr, me 'earties! Sploice the mainbrace!" way of talking is very similar. This may be a result of the strong (both legal and outlawed)
505:
captured manners of speech across the South West region that were just as different from Standard English as any from the far North of England. There is some influence from the
3993:
3924:
720:
is set in the fictional village of Ploverleigh in Somerset. Some dialogue and song lyrics, especially for the chorus, are a phonetic approximation of West Country speech.
2185:
soon, like mañana, but less urgent (from directly once in common English usage for straight away or directly) I be wiv 'ee dreckley or ee looked me dreckly in the eyes.
3975:
Cock, Douglas J (1980). Jan Stewer: A West Country Biography. Bradford-on-Avon: Moonraker press. The dust cover of The Shop with Two Windows references The Daily Herald
3062:, where many of the island's modern-day descendants have West Country origins — particularly Bristol — as a result of the 17th–19th century migratory fishery.
1739:
3619:
1020:
As Lt-Col. J. A. Garton observed in 1971, traditional Somerset English has a venerable and respectable origin, and is not a mere "debasement" of Standard English:
1714:
1343:), has the most substantial Celtic language influence because many western parts were non-English speaking even into the early modern period. In places such as
3159:. These now preserve a record of the dialect as recalled with affection in the period. The tales perpetuate – albeit sympathetically – the rustic uneducated
5311:
3954:
2629:
a non-resident of the Island, an outsider. Overner (see above) is the abbreviated form of this word, and 'Overlander' is also used in parts of Australia.
5251:
272:
4015:
966:
and its dialects were largely protected from outside influences, due to its relative geographical isolation. While standard English derives from the
1580:
may not exist for some speakers or may exist marginally based simply on a length difference. In other words, some may not have any contrast between
5457:
2002:
a long-standing island resident, usually a descendant of a family living there. This refers to the island's heavy involvement in the production of
3889:
1024:
The dialect is not, as some people suppose, English spoken in a slovenly and ignorant way. It is the remains of a language—the court language of
380:
4118:. West Cornwall, by M. A. Courtney; East Cornwall, by T. Q. Couch. London: published for the English Dialect Society, by Trübner & Co., 1880
3363:
3700:
1095:
3385:
3565:
4226:
4192: – Listen to examples of regional accents and dialects from across the UK on the British Library's 'Sounds Familiar' website
3837:
3468:
3338:
5346:
4319:
3058:("Where's that ?"). This is something that can still be heard often, unlike many other characteristics. This former usage is common to
4255:
4198:
2585:
Term to describe when something is proceeding nicely or as planned, used in a similar way to the phrase 'now we're cooking with gas'.
3985:
2768:
At some time (still very commonly used). Occasionally used elsewhere, though considered informal, it has an equivalent in German as
5452:
1769:. Hence the old joke about the three Bristolian sisters Evil, Idle and Normal – i.e.: Eva, Ida, and Norma. The name
3237:
is credited with popularising the stereotypical West Country "pirate voice". Newton's strong West Country accent also featured in
1122:
music originated, have both popularised and made fun of them simultaneously. In an unusual regional breakout, the Wurzels' song "
783:
by Percy G Stone, verse in Isle of Wight dialect, rendered phonetically, showing similarities with 'core' West Country dialects.
3679:
1695:
found that Cornwall retained some older features of speech that are now considered "Northern" in England. For example, a close
5396:
5181:
4070:
4045:
3821:
3282:
2715:
2420:
a term with various meanings, normally associated with Devon. An old term for someone who makes their living off of the sea.
641:
17:
1667:
can often be omitted so "hair" and "air" become homophones. This is common in working-class speech in most parts of England.
1197:
was bilingual). However, some people retained a fragmented knowledge and some words were adopted by dialect(s) in Cornwall.
5447:
5416:
4489:
4374:
3277:
2613:
Something / "Nothing I a'en got ought for'ee" = "I have nothing for you", "'Er did'n give I nought" = "He gave me nothing"
2388:
Aqueduct (Aqueduct was a rather new-fangled word for the Somerset colliers of the time and got corrupted to 'Hucky Duck'.)
2101:
steep wooded valley. Combe/Coombe is the second most common placename element in Devon and is equivalent to the Welsh cwm.
262:
3535:
Origin of the Anglo-Saxon race : a study of the settlement of England and the tribal origin of the Old English people
2428:
are sometimes also referred to thus. In Wiltshire, a similar word ' jidder ' is used — possible relation to 'gypsy'.
2396:
raised stone platform where milk churns are left for collection — no longer used but many still exist outside farms.
4897:
232:
3868:
1440:, meaning that the historical loss of non-syllable-final /r/ did not take place, in contrast to non-rhotic accents like
5002:
4090:
672:(1831–1894), author of many stories written in the local dialect of the county of Cornwall and a number of other works.
3746:
3653:
3602:
4218:
2706:
to tear or catch ("I've scagged me jeans on thacky barbed wire. I've scagged me 'ook up 'round down 'by Swyre 'ed")
4801:
492:
has meant that in the more populous of these counties the dialect itself, as opposed to the people's various local
4150:
A Devonshire Dialogue In Four Parts. To Which is added a Glossary for the most part by the late Rev. John Phillips
5049:
4845:
3432:
3272:
3179:. Recent polls put the West Country accent as third and fifth most attractive in the British Isles respectively.
1638:
468:. However, the exact northern and eastern boundaries of the area are hard to define. In the adjacent counties of
222:
3950:
2686:(Devon, Cornwall, Dorset, Somerset, Isle of Wight) Something done well or a general expression of satisfaction.
5366:
4806:
4312:
2678:
cutting up, of a field, as in the ground's poaching up, we'll have to bring the cattle indoors for the winter.
2436:
Derived from Chinny Reckon and Janner, and is often used in response to a wildly exaggerated fisherman's tale.
3119:
As more and more of the English population moved into towns and cities during the 20th century, non-regional,
1566:, is often open , the more open variant is fairly common in urban areas but especially common in rural areas.
5406:
5099:
5061:
3302:
370:
596:
5401:
5054:
4874:
4691:
4512:
3145:
In the early part of the twentieth century, the journalist and writer Albert John Coles used the pseudonym
944:
735:
693:
1745:
1704:
1696:
1674:
1664:
1600:
1585:
1581:
4777:
4767:
4365:
4332:
4328:
3233:
5361:
5076:
4934:
4345:
3885:
1692:
1646:
1463:
1360:
501:
4297:
4244:
3355:
1765:
as "Americaw" – which is often perceived by non-Bristolians to be an intrusive "l", known as the
1735:"l" sounds are vocalised (pronounced like "w") when not followed by a vowel, so "all old people" is .
1394:
In other areas, Celtic vocabulary is less common, but it is notable that "coombe", cognate with Welsh
1013:
in the 10th century. However the spread of the English language took much longer here than elsewhere.
5341:
4867:
4825:
4796:
4728:
4696:
4305:
3541:; Editors TW and LE Shore; Publisher: Elliot Stock; published 1906 esp. p. 3, 357, 367, 370, 389, 392
3103:
1644:
1636:
680:
287:
908:
accent. Although more noticeable in his speech, his accent may also be heard in some of his singing.
5066:
5020:
4919:
4892:
4857:
4752:
4623:
3707:
1729:
1467:
1148:
31:
4165:(in three parts) by A Lady to which is added a Glossary by J. F. Palmer, London & Exeter, 1837
5278:
5111:
4929:
4904:
4259:
4161:
3569:
3219:
3153:) to pen a long-running series of humorous articles and correspondences in Devon dialect for the
1958:
805:
722:
669:
107:
97:
87:
4239:
2577:
a young boy, also a term of endearment between heterosexual men used in the same way as 'mate'.
1462:, which is typically lengthened at the ends of words. Rhoticity appears to be declining in both
563:, is preserved in West Saxon dialect, though not all of it was originally written in West Saxon.
5193:
5171:
4975:
4672:
4641:
4519:
3844:
2326:
big or great, used to express a large size often as extra emphasis That's a gurt big tractor!.
2017:
Goodbye or see you later, e.g. Bob: I've got to get going now, Bar. Bar: Ah? Cheers then, Bob.
1766:
1441:
627:
548:
5089:
4213:
4035:
3464:
3335:
2798:
that — said knowingly, i.e. to make dialect deliberately stronger. E.g. Get in thic bed!
2193:
any driver of a taxi or bus. A common gesture when disembarking from a bus is "Cheers drive!"
1781:) is often claimed to have originated from this local pronunciation, though this is contested.
5462:
5391:
5176:
5071:
4784:
4718:
4472:
4462:
4457:
3428:
3239:
3150:
2917:
2404:
idea; In Bristol there is a propensity for local speakers to add an l to words ending with a
2323:
gurt (Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, Dorset, Bristol,Wiltshire, South Glos and the Isle of Wight)
1655:
are not straightforward cases of clear borders. Short vowels have also been reported, e.g., .
1459:
1182:
1170:
1123:
978:
852:
840:
787:
774:
592:
5384:
4290:
3592:
3491:
4813:
4706:
4646:
4497:
4414:
4285:
4202:
3538:
3312:
3211:
3155:
3059:
2943:
2939:
2425:
2347:
hark at he (Dorset, Wiltshire, Somerset, Hampshire, Isle of Wight) (pronounced 'ark a' 'ee)
1098:
proposes that some syntactical features of English, including the unique forms of the verb
985:
711:
165:
2993:
1623:
word sets: . The split's "bath" vowel (appearing as the letter "a" in such other words as
1224:
may have been underestimated, specifically citing the preponderance of forms of the verbs
8:
5411:
5241:
5233:
5131:
5094:
4980:
4965:
4840:
4830:
4757:
4596:
3550:
3534:
2831:
2374:
1570:
1212:
1119:
1103:
880:
4266:
3763:, University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics: Vol. 18: Iss. 2, Article 10.
3522:
2867:
2757:
many meanings, but mainly to communicate gratitude, appreciation and/or mutual respect.
860:
during the Second World War. The dialogue is written in the style of the Forest dialect.
5301:
5268:
5203:
5186:
5041:
4862:
4409:
4399:
3317:
3252:
2424:
are often generally referred to as Janners, and supporters of the city's football team
1522:, more precisely approaches or , with even very front and unrounded variants such as .
974:
623:
572:
437:
433:
211:
155:
117:
102:
92:
2770:
2560:
1651:
in different parts of the West Country (RP has in such words); the isoglosses in the
595:, suffered terminal decline, dying out in the 18th century. (Its existence today is a
214:, approximately co-extensive with the areas where "West Country" varieties are spoken.
5306:
5291:
5263:
5223:
5015:
4952:
4701:
4477:
4441:
4066:
4041:
3817:
3598:
1380:
1372:
1352:
1001:, Somerset and Gloucestershire, bringing their language with them. At a later period
792:
619:
4997:
3675:
2790:
Somebody attempting to stir up trouble. e.g. That's not true, you spuddlin' bugger!
2339:(h)ang' about (Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, Dorset, Hampshire & the Isle of Wight)
1717:, particularly in more traditional and older speakers, so that "s" is pronounced as
228:
5426:
5379:
5331:
5258:
5166:
5156:
5151:
5141:
4987:
4960:
4818:
4738:
4683:
4581:
4563:
4550:
4387:
4382:
3503:
3492:"An Analysis of West Country Dialect Used by Hagrid in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter"
3262:
3207:
3168:
3120:
2483:
2476:
1722:
1718:
1670:
1547:
1528:
1503:
1479:
1447:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1340:
1237:
1201:
1186:
1025:
820:
675:
588:
580:
510:
422:
418:
415:
112:
3760:
3508:
2762:
2658:
2220:
stuck up, entitled, snobbish e.g. She's a right facety one (she is very snobbish)
1135:
in more northern parts of England, with the West Country equivalent being "nawt".
5296:
5198:
5136:
5106:
4914:
4789:
4610:
4586:
4558:
4529:
4502:
4467:
4354:
4008:"How sexy is the West Country accent? YouGov compile "sexiest UK accents" survey"
3811:
3683:
3342:
3297:
3257:
3089:
2955:
Use of masculine (rather than neuter) pronouns with non-animate referents, e.g.:
2695:
2467:
2460:
2291:
grockle (Devon, Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire,west Hampshire and the Isle of Wight)
2198:
1577:
1433:
1194:
993:
970:
825:
795:(1872–1963) contains dialogue written in imitation of the local Somerset dialect.
584:
540:
465:
79:
1883:
1829:
5371:
5286:
5246:
5146:
4970:
4723:
4628:
4618:
4534:
4336:
3267:
3127:
A West Country accent continues to be a reason for denigration and stereotype:
3113:
3043:
may be used exclusively in the present tense, often in the present continuous;
1233:
1221:
937:
897:
857:
663:
646:
506:
499:
Academically the regional variations are considered to be dialectal forms. The
473:
337:
160:
70:
2571:
2106:
coupie/croupie (North Somerset,Wiltshire, Dorset, Isle of Wight & Bristol)
2011:
1916:(from "horrible"), often used for a road surface, as in "Thic road be arable"
1894:
1036:(commonly called Low German/Low Saxon) than Standard British English is, e.g.
205:
5441:
5421:
5336:
4992:
4909:
4850:
4762:
4713:
4591:
4573:
3224:
3203:
3183:
1421:
1336:
1206:
1144:
932:
924:
911:
847:
743:
559:
469:
391:
4086:
3437:. London: Chapman & Hall. pp. 168–172 – via Internet Archive.
4924:
4772:
4651:
3742:
3085:
2835:
1732: – "gurt" (great), "Burdgwater" (Bridgwater) and "chillurn" (children)
963:
916:
829:
716:
688:
615:, Edgar speaks in the West Country dialect, as one of his various personae.
544:
489:
426:
60:
3649:
1130:
in 1976, where it did nothing to dispel the "simple farmer" stereotype of
871:, died 1974) were famous for their West Country dialect, sung in a strong
4273:
4156:
3088:
is used, in the West Country dialect the object of many a verb takes the
2671:
2602:
2315:
2252:
2150:
Diddykai, Diddycoy, Diddy (Isle of Wight, Hampshire, Somerset, Wiltshire)
2142:
1376:
1217:
1153:
1115:
967:
887:
864:
835:
751:
704:
653:, again mainly dialogue. Considered one of the first true English novels.
485:
150:
3676:"Diglossia in Anglo-Saxon England, or what was spoken Old English like?"
3386:"Wiltshire — About Wiltshire – 'Vizes excizemen on tha scent'"
2299:
grockle shell (Devon, Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire and the Isle of Wight)
336:
An example of a working-class female with a rhotic accent from Bristol (
278:
An example of a female with a mostly rhotic accent with a background in
4835:
4327:
3292:
3195:
3160:
3146:
3108:
2033:
I do not believe you in the slightest (from older West Country English
1796:
1660:
1368:
1033:
891:
815:
799:
403:
349:
299:
2803:
thic/thac/they thiccy/thaccy/they (Devon, Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire)
2307:
grockle can (Devon, Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire and the Isle of Wight)
4392:
3307:
3199:
3191:
3187:
3167:
regional accents put the West Country accent high up, under southern
2090:
combe (Devon,Somerset,Wiltshire, Isle of Wight) (pronounced 'coombe')
1607:). For some West Country speakers, the vowel is even the same in the
1596:
1384:
1344:
1157:
The shifting of the linguistic boundary in Cornwall from 1300 to 1750
1127:
1010:
949:
905:
890:
perform songs composed in the dialect of Dorset (they originate from
728:
611:
523:
481:
477:
457:
283:
193:
4274:
A Glossary of Provincial Words & Phrases in use in Somersetshire
1009:
influence, which appears to become more extensive after the time of
4419:
3869:
Tristan Cork, "The theories behind why Bristol is called Bristol",
3336:
The Southwest of England (Varieties of English around the world T5)
3215:
2421:
2382:
1801:
1364:
1190:
1178:
1162:
1131:
1002:
872:
650:
567:
453:
441:
240:
4189:
3761:"A Transatlantic Cross-Dialectal Comparison of Non-Prevocalic /r/"
2952:(a literal translation of "How are you?", not used as a greeting).
2872:
any young person "Ow be young un?" or "Where bist goin' youngun?"
5356:
5351:
5161:
4507:
4434:
4429:
3182:
The West Country accent is probably most represented in film as "
3172:
2992:("Those shoes are mine" / "They are mine"). This is also used in
2984:
in conjunction with plural nouns, where Standard English demands
1913:
arable (Devon, Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire and the Isle of Wight)
1865:
1754:
1356:
920:
876:
868:
553:
461:
279:
236:
50:
4143:
Flibberts and Skriddicks: Stories and Poems in the Devon Dialect
3620:"Ten words and phrases that prove you're Somerset born and bred"
3027:
3021:
2725:
to move awkwardly or clumsily through overgrowth or vegetation.
2342:
Wait or Pause but often exclaimed when a sudden thought occurs.
2236:
Get on, e.g. geddon chap! enthusiastic encouragement or delight
2161:
describing the state of twilight as in its getting a bit dimpsy
4424:
4404:
3813:
Practical Phonetics and Phonology: A Resource Book for Students
3287:
3228:
3176:
2888:
2621:
not from the Island, a mainland person. Extremely common usage
2414:
1807:
Some of these terms are obsolete, but some are in current use.
1471:
1388:
1348:
1006:
989:
756:
739:
449:
432:
The West Country is often defined as encompassing the official
1232:
in South West England and their grammatical similarity to the
3523:
The Somersetshire dialect: its pronunciation, 2 papers (1861)
2854:
Where is it? e.g. Dorchester, where's it to? It's in Dorset.
2851:
Where's it to? (Cornwall, Dorset, Devon, Somerset, Wiltshire)
1835:
to be afraid, e.g. Dorset's official motto, "Who's afear'd".
1506:
1174:
998:
576:(13th century) is a notable example of a work in the dialect.
527:
445:
387:
3787:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 343–345. Print.
3223:
may also have added to the association. West Country native
2669:
poached, -ing up (North Somerset but also recently heard on
2138:
daps (Bristol, Wiltshire, Dorset, Somerset, Gloucestershire)
1200:
In recent years, the traffic has reversed, with the revived
844:, which features the title character's girlfriend's dialect.
4063:
Blackbeard, the pirate: a reappraisal of his life and times
2466:
to thicken, particularly in reference to dairy products — '
2444:
2003:
1757:, a terminal "a" can be realised as the sound – e.g.
1680:
The word-final letter "y" is pronounced or ; for example:
1534:
1482:
1240:
forms as opposed to the forms in other Germanic languages.
3736:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3728:
3096:
2190:
drive (Bristol, Gloucestershire, Somerset & Wiltshire)
1728:
In words containing "r" before a vowel, there is frequent
992:(West-Saxons) had been founded in the 6th century. As the
988:
into the west of modern-day England, where the kingdom of
239:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2694:
Apple pumace from the cider-wring (either from pumace or
2311:
1550:
1531:
1118:, a comic North Somerset/Bristol band from whom the term
901:
386:
An example of a male with a partially rhotic accent from
2182:
Dreckley (Cornwall, Devon, Somerset & Isle of Wight)
2141:
sportshoes (plimsolls or trainers) (also used widely in
4121:
John Kjederqvist: "The Dialect of Pewsey (Wiltshire)",
3800:. 5th ed. Croydon: Hodder Education, 2012, p. 62. Print
3725:
3080:
Nominative pronouns as indirect objects. For instance,
1948:
many meanings, most commonly used to mean a gurt emmet
977:, which formed the earliest English language standard.
691:(1840–1928) often use the dialect in dialogue, notably
3525:
Thomas Spencer Baynes, first published 1855 & 1856
3410:
Buckler, William E. (1956) "Blackmore's Novels before
2601:
multiple meanings, including "oh yes". Popularised by
516:
4152:. Edited by Mrs. Gwatkin. London and Plymouth, 1839.
3838:"Dialect Contact, Dialectology and Sociolinguistics"
1450:
1161:
Although the English language gradually spread into
984:
The dialects have their origins in the expansion of
543:
dialect was the standard literary language of later
3695:
3693:
3691:
1864:Alright me Babber? (Somerset), Gloucestershire and
701:
Wiltshire Rhymes and Tales in the Wiltshire Dialect
4123:Transactions of the Philological Society 1903–1906
3796:Hughes, Arthur, Peter Trudgill, and Dominic Watt.
2973:prefix may be used to denote the past participle;
30:"Ooh arr" redirects here. Not to be confused with
4291:Dialect Syntax in the South West of England (pdf)
3914:, London, Herbert Jenkins Limited, Author's Note.
3678:, in Studia Anglica Posnaniensia, 40, pp 87–110.
3462:
3163:as the protagonist experiences the modern world.
2782:Dry after a bath, shower or swim by evaporation.
2212:that, e.g. Giss et peak (Give me that pitchfork)
1032:In some cases, many of these forms are closer to
5439:
3886:"H2g2 - A Conversation for Talking Point: Slang"
3688:
1821:acker (North Somerset, Hampshire, Isle of Wight)
1677:, generally when in any syllable-final position.
1542:in polysyllabic words is typically realised as .
1339:, or Anglo-Cornish (to avoid confusion with the
808:(1929–2021) wrote often about the West Country.
1470:in some areas of the West Country, for example
875:accent. His legacy lives on in the present day
3740:
2814:What have you done with that pile of thistles
1673:: use of the glottal stop as an allophone of
1635:, etc.) can also be represented by the sounds
684:(1855–1867) also use some dialect in dialogue.
513:languages depending on the specific location.
4313:
4033:
3463:Goldman-Armstrong, Abram (7 September 2015).
3194:tradition of the West Country. Edward Teach (
2938:("how are you?") This has its origins in the
1932:am not e.g. "I baint afear'd o' thic wopsy".
429:, an area found in the southwest of England.
425:used by much of the native population of the
4671:
3986:"West Country accent 3rd sexiest in Britain"
2947:
2946: – language; compare the modern German
1138:
973:, the West Country dialects derive from the
927:, a character who has a West Country accent.
3810:Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2013) ,
3809:
3496:Journal of Literature and Language Teaching
856:is a television play about children in the
812:was about his childhood village and beyond.
798:Albert John Coles, (1876–1965), writing as
5347:Comparison of American and British English
4320:
4306:
4277:, Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer, 1873
4029:
4027:
4025:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3743:"Accents of English from Around the World"
3741:Heggarty, Paul; et al., eds. (2013).
3452:. Newport, IW: Isle of Wight County Press.
2590:old butt (Gloucestershire, Forest of Dean)
2563:(Dorset, Gloucestershire, south Hampshire)
2169:state of undress (from French deshabille)
1725:"v". This feature is now exceedingly rare.
1715:Initial fricative consonants can be voiced
547:England, and consequently the majority of
204:
4129:A Grammar of the Dialect of West Somerset
3706:. Cornwall County Council. Archived from
3507:
2812:Whad'v'ee done wi' thaccy pile o'dashels?
2754:Sound (Devon & North Gloucestershire)
2661:, plimmed (North Somerset,west Hampshire)
2441:Jasper (Devon, Wiltshire, West Hampshire)
1956:to lose your temper (from a character in
930:Berk, the central monster character from
5040:
3843:. University of Fribourg. Archived from
3816:(3rd ed.), Routledge, p. 171,
3617:
2486:or further away — not a Portlander
1856:Alright me Ansum? (Cornwall & Devon)
1795:
1152:
5458:Languages attested from the 6th century
4245:BBC Devon: Dialect (with pronunciation)
4022:
3785:Accents of English 2: The British Isles
3766:
3590:
3489:
3465:"Scrumpy and Western: Cider Soundtrack"
3353:
3097:Social stigma and future of the dialect
2366:female and male piglets, respectively.
2294:tourist, visitor or gypsy (derogatory)
2082:comical (North Somerset, Isle of Wight)
1744:merger is common, with both pronounced
233:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
5440:
3563:
3427:
2741:male piglets that have been castrated
2714:a scratch or scrape usually on a limb
2650:pitching (Bristol,Somerset, Wiltshire)
2233:Geddon alt; geddy on (Crediton, Devon)
2098:coombe (Devon, North Somerset, Dorset)
2085:peculiar, e.g. 'e were proper comical
2022:cheerzen/Cheers'en (Somerset, Bristol)
1181:, many of the Cornish objected to the
957:
953:speaks with a strong Wiltshire accent.
742:, records the native Cornish language
4301:
3618:Milligan, Daniel (17 February 2014).
3447:
3354:Yardley, Jonathan (9 December 2003).
3283:Shakespeare In Original Pronunciation
2109:crouch, as in the phrase coupie down
5417:Non-native pronunciations of English
4162:A Dialogue in the Devonshire Dialect
4116:Glossary of Words in Use in Cornwall
3835:
3630:from the original on 8 December 2015
3366:from the original on 3 November 2012
3278:International Talk Like a Pirate Day
1498:, more precisely approaches , , or .
824:(1959) portray a somewhat idealised
666:' Dorset dialect poetry (1801–1886).
4089:. Wordsmith.org. 7 September 2006.
4060:
3749:from the original on 26 April 2016.
3471:from the original on 6 October 2015
2539:massive or large, often to benefit
2381:hucky duck (Somerset, particularly
2302:caravan or motor home (derogatory)
769:'Zummerzet speech' is discussed in
557:and the poetic Biblical paraphrase
24:
4108:
3951:"This is Bristol; real life drama"
3910:Jan Stewer (A. J. Coles) (1980). "
2077:(pronounced "shooting") guttering
2014:(Dorset/Wiltshire/Gloucestershire)
1991:Bunny (West Hampshire/East Dorset)
1409:
1405:Jonnick — Pleasant, agreeable
1038:
530:accent invented for broadcasting.
517:In literature, film and television
359:
309:
251:
25:
5474:
4222:, by "Uncle Jan Trenoodle", 1845?
4183:
4093:from the original on 1 April 2013
3996:from the original on 5 July 2015.
3957:from the original on 14 July 2014
3931:from the original on 9 March 2012
3892:from the original on 15 July 2015
3020:'they/those', the plural form of
2653:settling on the ground (of snow)
2433:Janny Reckon (Cornwall and Devon)
2042:chine (East Dorset/Isle of Wight)
1908:a resident of the Isle of Wight.
496:, is becoming increasingly rare.
3656:from the original on 17 May 2014
3652:. The Cornish Language Council.
3392:from the original on 3 July 2010
3149:(a character from the folk song
2363:hilts and gilts (North Somerset)
2350:listen to him, often sarcastic.
2204:tourist or visitor (derogatory)
1800:"Dreckly" on souvenir clocks in
1546:
1527:
1502:
1478:
1458:is specifically realised as the
1446:
402:Problems playing this file? See
375:
348:Problems playing this file? See
325:
298:Problems playing this file? See
267:
5453:Languages of the United Kingdom
4079:
4054:
4040:. Bloomsbury USA. p. 313.
4000:
3978:
3969:
3943:
3917:
3904:
3878:
3862:
3829:
3803:
3790:
3753:
3668:
3642:
3611:
3584:
3557:
3544:
3528:
3356:"'Tom Jones,' as Fresh as Ever"
3273:History of the English language
3198:) was a native of Bristol, and
2746:smooth (Bristol & Somerset)
2730:skew-whiff (Dorset & Devon)
2574:(Isle of Wight/Gloucestershire)
2318:carrying tourists (derogatory)
1870:Similar to "Alright me ansum".
1285:You are (dialect: "(Th)ee be")
936:, voiced by actor and comedian
763:
678:'s (1815–1882) series of books
657:
634:
630:for their strong Devon accents.
603:
533:
526:", a kind of catchall southern
27:Variety of the English language
5367:English-based creole languages
4228:Poetry from South West England
3516:
3483:
3456:
3441:
3421:
3404:
3378:
3347:
3329:
3112:, set in the Somerset city of
2401:ideal (Bristol,North Somerset)
2130:daddy granfer (North Somerset)
2030:chinny reckon (North Somerset)
2025:Thank you (from Cheers, then)
1924:e.g. "They'm a bad lot, mind"
13:
1:
5407:List of English-based pidgins
4177:Studies in the Dorset Dialect
4114:M. A. Courtney; T. Q. Couch:
4065:. Winston-Salem, N.C: Blair.
3509:10.15642/NOBEL.2016.7.1.25-35
3323:
3303:List of Cornish dialect words
2934:for the second person, e.g.:
2795:thic (Dorset, North Somerset)
2610:Ort/Ought Nort/Nought (Devon)
2582:Now we're farming. (Somerset)
2566:friendly greeting as in mate
2201:(Cornwall and North Somerset)
1785:
1703:, etc. and sometimes a short
1076:You are (archaic "Thou art")
900:, lead singer with the group
818:'s (1914–1997) works such as
587:) descended from the ancient
5402:Linguistic purism in English
4286:1902 Wessex Dialect Glossary
4037:Piracy: The Complete History
3875:. Retrieved 28 December 2023
3798:English Accents and Dialects
3674:Tristram, Hildegard (2004),
3490:Santika, Rika (April 2016).
3069:where Standard English uses
3016:, both from the Anglo-Saxon
2749:to stroke (e.g. cat or dog)
2358:light-headedness, giddiness
2037:'I don't reckon/calculate')
1905:Appleknocker (Isle of Wight)
1414:
1102:, originate rather with the
962:Until the 19th century, the
7:
5448:English language in England
4503:London & Thames Estuary
3745:. University of Edinburgh.
3246:
3227:'s performance in the 1950
2900:The second person singular
2645:phrase used to calm babies
2634:Parcel of ol' Crams (Devon)
2393:huppenstop (North Somerset)
2225:gallybagger (Isle of Wight)
2174:doughboy (Dorset, Somerset)
2058:chuggy pig (North Somerset)
1653:Linguistic Atlas of England
1599:(though some pronounce the
1257:Present tense (subjunctive)
626:were noted at the Court of
10:
5479:
5362:English as a lingua franca
4240:A Devon Dialect Vocabulary
4214:Cornish Dialect Dictionary
4087:"A.Word.A.Day – buccaneer"
3416:Nineteenth-Century Fiction
2959:("put it over there") and
2894:
2859:wopsy (Devon & Dorset)
2738:slit pigs (North Somerset)
2626:Overlander (Isle of Wight)
2452:keendle teening (Cornwall)
1886:(Hampshire, Isle of Wight)
1693:Survey of English Dialects
1361:Survey of English Dialects
1252:Present Tense (short form)
1173:of 1549, which centred on
1142:
703:(1894) and other works by
551:, including the epic poem
502:Survey of English Dialects
29:
5342:Broad and general accents
5324:
5277:
5252:regional and occupational
5232:
5219:
5212:
5124:
5085:
5033:
5011:
4951:
4883:
4748:
4737:
4682:
4664:
4637:
4609:
4572:
4549:
4488:
4450:
4373:
4364:
4353:
4344:
3650:"Cussel an Tavaz Kernuak"
3104:Richard Brinsley Sheridan
2810:Put it in this box here.
2733:crooked, slanting, awry.
2544:mallyshag (Isle of Wight)
2166:dizzibles (Isle of Wight)
1999:Caulkhead (Isle of Wight)
1420:West Country accents are
1139:Celtic-language influence
1126:" reached the top of the
1108:Celtic language influence
810:Footsteps from East Coker
732:are both set in Cornwall.
694:Tess of the D'Urbervilles
681:Chronicles of Barsetshire
219:
203:
191:
186:
178:
143:
76:
66:
56:
46:
41:
4271:Wadham Pigott Williams,
4220:Cornish Provincial Words
4199:Bristol Dialect/Glossary
4172:, Bradford-on-Avon, 1979
3759:Piercy, Caroline (2012)
3701:"Cornish Language Study"
3418:, vol. 10 (1956), p. 183
3047:("Where are you going?")
2966:("That's a nice scarf").
2830:wandering, aimless (see
2806:This, that, those. e.g.
2249:gleanie (North Somerset)
2074:chuting (North Somerset)
1945:Beached Whale (Cornwall)
1921:Bad Lot (North Somerset)
1859:How are you, my friend?
1262:Standard British English
1149:Brittonicisms in English
1053:Standard British English
32:Ooh Ahh (disambiguation)
4230:, by "Les Merton", 2006
4061:Lee, Robert E. (1974).
4012:northdevonjournal.co.uk
3953:. Thisisbristol.co.uk.
3682:3 November 2023 at the
3624:This is the Westcountry
3591:Sullock, Jason (2012).
3467:. Cidercraft Magazine.
3448:Stone, Percy G (1932).
3220:The Pirates of Penzance
3028:
3022:
2930:may be used instead of
2765:(Dorset, Isle of Wight)
2642:piggy widden (Cornwall)
2618:Overner (Isle of Wight)
2331:haling (North Somerset)
2283:granfergrig (Wiltshire)
1937:bauy, bay, bey (Exeter)
1840:Alaska (North Somerset)
1274:I am (dialect: "I be")
1244:Bos: Cornish verb to be
723:The Pirates of Penzance
670:Walter Hawken Tregellas
444:, and the counties of,
210:The official region of
4520:Received Pronunciation
4136:The Devonshire Dialect
4034:Angus Konstam (2008).
3594:Oo do ee think ee are?
3341:12 August 2011 at the
3143:
3082:Don't tell I, tell'ee!
3065:Use of the past tense
3045:Where be you going to?
2948:
2843:wuzzer/wazzin (Exeter)
2808:Put'n in thic yer box.
2512:Madderdo'ee (Cornwall)
2417:(Devon, esp. Plymouth)
2217:facety/facetie (Glos.)
2066:chump (North Somerset)
1804:
1442:Received Pronunciation
1402:Goco — A bluebell
1189:, who died in 1676 at
1158:
1030:
549:Anglo-Saxon literature
364:
314:
256:
221:This article contains
156:West Saxon Old English
4714:Multicultural Toronto
3912:A Parcel of Ol' Crams
3564:Garton, J.A. (1971).
3240:Blackbeard the Pirate
3202:and English hero Sir
3171:but a long way above
3136:Anonymous editorial,
3129:
3077:("I wrote a letter").
2703:scag (North Somerset)
2698:pomme meaning apple)
2491:Love, My Love, Luvver
2355:headlights (Cornwall)
2117:a picnic lunch, crib
1799:
1588:, for example making
1460:retroflex approximant
1183:Book of Common Prayer
1171:Prayer Book Rebellion
1156:
1124:The Combine Harvester
1022:
979:Thomas Spencer Baynes
879:and other so-called "
853:Blue Remembered Hills
788:A Glastonbury Romance
775:Charles George Harper
593:Prayer Book Rebellion
363:
313:
255:
182:West Country dialects
18:West Country dialects
4875:Western Pennsylvania
4256:"A Somerset Dialect"
3783:Wells, J.C. (1982).
3566:"A Somerset Dialect"
3539:William Thomas Shore
3313:Newfoundland English
3212:Gilbert and Sullivan
3156:Western Morning News
3060:Newfoundland English
3054:to denote location.
2520:maid (Dorset, Devon)
2267:gramersow (Cornwall)
2093:steep wooded valley
2050:chiggy wig (Dorset)
2045:steep wooded valley
1994:steep wooded valley
1967:Billy Baker (Yeovil)
712:Gilbert and Sullivan
412:West Country English
166:Early Modern English
123:West Country English
42:West Country English
5412:Mid-Atlantic accent
5003:Trinidad and Tobago
3597:. Lulu. p. 3.
2996:but differentiated
2990:They shoes are mine
2832:A Pair of Blue Eyes
2779:sprieve (Wiltshire)
2241:gert lush (Bristol)
2209:et (North Somerset)
2069:log (for the fire)
1848:Allernbatch (Devon)
1773:itself (originally
1213:Brythonic languages
1120:Scrumpy and Western
1104:Brythonic languages
958:History and origins
904:, has a pronounced
881:Scrumpy and Western
4935:Pennsylvania Dutch
3873:, 16 November 2019
3434:The Somerset Coast
3429:Harper, Charles G.
3318:South West England
3253:Bristolian dialect
3000:meaning those and
2819:tinklebob (Dorset)
2716:BBC Voices Project
2664:swell up, swollen
1900:perhaps, possibly
1875:Alright my Luvver?
1805:
1525:Word-final "-ing"
1159:
975:West Saxon dialect
771:The Somerset Coast
749:R. D. Blackmore's
624:Sir Walter Raleigh
573:Sumer is icumen in
438:South West England
419:language varieties
365:
315:
257:
212:South West England
103:North Sea Germanic
5435:
5434:
5320:
5319:
5120:
5119:
5029:
5028:
4947:
4946:
4943:
4942:
4868:Pacific Northwest
4729:Standard Canadian
4660:
4659:
4605:
4604:
4545:
4544:
4262:on 26 April 2006.
4205:on 24 March 2016.
4127:Etsko Kruisinga:
4072:978-0-89587-032-2
4047:978-1-84603-240-0
4018:on 24 March 2015.
3990:bristolpost.co.uk
3836:Trudgill, Peter.
3823:978-0-415-50650-2
3450:Songs of the Soil
2957:put'ee over there
2884:
2883:
2846:Was she?/Was he?
2827:wambling (Dorset)
2259:gockey (Cornwall)
2153:Gypsy, Traveller
2122:cuzzel (Cornwall)
2114:crowst (Cornwall)
1761:as "cinemaw" and
1738:As a result, the
1707:in words such as
1333:
1332:
1318:You are (plural)
1091:
1090:
947:from Channel 4's
828:childhood in the
793:John Cowper Powys
781:Songs of the Soil
620:Sir Francis Drake
381:
331:
273:
247:
246:
229:rendering support
225:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
5470:
5332:English language
5217:
5216:
5038:
5037:
5021:Falkland Islands
4920:General American
4893:African-American
4746:
4745:
4680:
4679:
4669:
4668:
4371:
4370:
4362:
4361:
4351:
4350:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4299:
4298:
4263:
4258:. Archived from
4201:. Archived from
4190:Sounds Familiar?
4141:Clement Marten:
4134:Clement Marten:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4031:
4020:
4019:
4014:. Archived from
4004:
3998:
3997:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3921:
3915:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3882:
3876:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3849:
3842:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3807:
3801:
3794:
3788:
3781:
3764:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3738:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3713:on 5 August 2018
3712:
3705:
3697:
3686:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3572:on 26 April 2006
3568:. Archived from
3561:
3555:
3548:
3542:
3532:
3526:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3425:
3419:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3351:
3345:
3333:
3263:Cornish language
3169:Scottish English
3141:
3121:Standard English
3056:Where's that to?
3039:In other areas,
3031:
3025:
2964:e's a nice scarf
2963:
2951:
2787:spuddler (Devon)
2536:mackey (Bristol)
2528:maggoty (Dorset)
2515:Does it matter?
2507:— Throw it here
2455:candle lighting
2375:Will o' the wisp
1810:
1809:
1747:
1723:Standard English
1719:Standard English
1706:
1698:
1676:
1671:t-glottalisation
1666:
1650:
1642:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1602:
1587:
1583:
1576:associated with
1573:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1438:Scottish accents
1341:Cornish language
1248:
1247:
1205:England, or the
1202:Cornish language
1187:Chesten Marchant
1039:
971:Mercian dialects
821:Cider with Rosie
676:Anthony Trollope
589:British language
581:Cornish language
383:
382:
362:
333:
332:
312:
275:
274:
254:
208:
196:
82:
39:
38:
21:
5478:
5477:
5473:
5472:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5467:
5438:
5437:
5436:
5431:
5316:
5273:
5228:
5208:
5116:
5112:Solomon Islands
5081:
5025:
5007:
4939:
4930:New York Latino
4905:American Indian
4885:
4879:
4740:
4733:
4674:
4656:
4642:Channel Islands
4633:
4601:
4568:
4541:
4484:
4446:
4356:
4340:
4326:
4267:Somerset voices
4254:
4186:
4168:Norman Rogers:
4111:
4109:Further reading
4106:
4096:
4094:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4073:
4059:
4055:
4048:
4032:
4023:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3974:
3970:
3960:
3958:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3934:
3932:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3909:
3905:
3895:
3893:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3867:
3863:
3853:
3851:
3850:on 2 April 2015
3847:
3840:
3834:
3830:
3824:
3808:
3804:
3795:
3791:
3782:
3767:
3758:
3754:
3739:
3726:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3689:
3684:Wayback Machine
3673:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3633:
3631:
3616:
3612:
3605:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3562:
3558:
3549:
3545:
3533:
3529:
3521:
3517:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3461:
3457:
3446:
3442:
3426:
3422:
3409:
3405:
3395:
3393:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3367:
3362:. pp. C1.
3360:Washington Post
3352:
3348:
3343:Wayback Machine
3334:
3330:
3326:
3298:Late West Saxon
3258:Cornish dialect
3249:
3234:Treasure Island
3142:
3140:, 7 August 2008
3135:
3099:
3090:nominative case
3075:I writ a letter
3032:'she/that' and
2961:
2897:
2722:scrope (Dorset)
2598:Ooh Arr (Devon)
2500:Ling (Cornwall)
2426:Plymouth Argyle
1986:daddy longlegs
1975:blige (Bristol)
1953:Benny (Bristol)
1843:I will ask her
1788:
1721:"z" and "f" as
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1571:
1549:
1545:
1530:
1526:
1505:
1501:
1481:
1477:
1449:
1445:
1417:
1412:
1410:Characteristics
1337:Cornish dialect
1195:Dolly Pentreath
1151:
1145:Cornish dialect
1141:
1096:recent research
994:Kings of Wessex
960:
923:novels feature
886:The folk group
826:Gloucestershire
766:
757:Exmoor district
660:
637:
628:Queen Elizabeth
606:
541:Late West Saxon
536:
519:
466:Gloucestershire
409:
408:
400:
398:
397:
396:
395:
384:
376:
373:
366:
360:
355:
354:
346:
344:
343:
342:
341:
334:
326:
323:
316:
310:
305:
304:
296:
294:
293:
292:
291:
288:Sophie Anderson
276:
268:
265:
258:
252:
227:Without proper
215:
192:
174:
146:
139:
83:
80:Language family
78:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5476:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5388:
5387:
5382:
5374:
5372:Englishisation
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5283:
5281:
5279:Southeast Asia
5275:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5255:
5254:
5244:
5238:
5236:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5220:
5214:
5210:
5209:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5194:South Atlantic
5191:
5190:
5189:
5184:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5092:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5046:
5044:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4976:Cayman Islands
4973:
4968:
4963:
4957:
4955:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4889:
4887:
4886:ethno-cultural
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4755:
4749:
4743:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4694:
4688:
4686:
4677:
4666:
4662:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4615:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4578:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4553:
4547:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4522:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4510:
4500:
4494:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4478:Stoke-on-Trent
4475:
4470:
4460:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4368:
4359:
4348:
4342:
4341:
4337:Modern English
4325:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4269:
4264:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4224:
4216:
4208:
4207:
4206:
4193:
4185:
4184:External links
4182:
4181:
4180:
4175:Bertil Widén:
4173:
4170:Wessex Dialect
4166:
4153:
4146:
4145:, Exeter, 1983
4139:
4138:, Exeter, 1974
4132:
4125:
4119:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4078:
4071:
4053:
4046:
4021:
3999:
3977:
3968:
3942:
3916:
3903:
3877:
3861:
3828:
3822:
3802:
3789:
3765:
3752:
3724:
3687:
3667:
3641:
3610:
3603:
3583:
3556:
3543:
3527:
3515:
3482:
3455:
3440:
3420:
3403:
3377:
3346:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3268:Dorset dialect
3265:
3260:
3255:
3248:
3245:
3151:Widecombe Fair
3133:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3078:
3063:
3048:
3037:
3004:the plural of
2978:
2967:
2953:
2925:
2896:
2893:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2788:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2766:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2692:
2691:pummy (Dorset)
2688:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2418:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:dimpsy (Devon)
2155:
2154:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2008:
2007:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1984:
1983:Boris (Exeter)
1980:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:baint (Dorset)
1926:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1868:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1733:
1726:
1712:
1701:suck, but, cup
1689:
1678:
1668:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1578:London English
1543:
1523:
1499:
1475:
1444:. Often, this
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1222:Middle English
1140:
1137:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1045:
959:
956:
955:
954:
943:Archaeologist
941:
938:Willie Rushton
928:
909:
898:Andy Partridge
895:
884:
861:
858:Forest of Dean
845:
833:
813:
803:
796:
784:
778:
765:
762:
761:
760:
747:
738:a farmer from
733:
708:
698:
687:The novels of
685:
673:
667:
664:William Barnes
659:
656:
655:
654:
647:Henry Fielding
636:
633:
632:
631:
616:
605:
602:
601:
600:
577:
564:
535:
532:
518:
515:
474:Worcestershire
414:is a group of
399:
385:
374:
371:Speech example
369:
368:
367:
358:
357:
356:
345:
338:Julie Burchill
335:
324:
321:Speech example
319:
318:
317:
308:
307:
306:
295:
277:
266:
263:Speech example
261:
260:
259:
250:
249:
248:
245:
244:
231:, you may see
217:
216:
209:
201:
200:
197:
189:
188:
187:Language codes
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
173:
172:
171:
170:
169:
168:
161:Middle English
149:
147:
144:
141:
140:
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
118:Old West Saxon
86:
84:
77:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
48:
47:Native to
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5475:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5392:International
5390:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5211:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5084:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5072:Torres Strait
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5056:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4950:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4882:
4876:
4873:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4824:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4808:
4807:North-Central
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4785:New York City
4783:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4719:Ottawa Valley
4717:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4670:
4667:
4663:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
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4640:
4639:
4636:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4598:
4595:
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4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4514:
4513:Multicultural
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4473:Black Country
4471:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4464:
4463:West Midlands
4461:
4459:
4458:East Midlands
4456:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4443:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
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4413:
4411:
4408:
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4403:
4401:
4398:
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4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4369:
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4360:
4358:
4352:
4349:
4347:
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4338:
4334:
4330:
4323:
4318:
4316:
4311:
4309:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4148:Mrs. Palmer:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4112:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4074:
4068:
4064:
4057:
4049:
4043:
4039:
4038:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4003:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3981:
3972:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3930:
3927:. Dsl.ac.uk.
3926:
3920:
3913:
3907:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3874:
3872:
3865:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3806:
3799:
3793:
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3780:
3778:
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3774:
3772:
3770:
3762:
3756:
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3744:
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3731:
3729:
3709:
3702:
3696:
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3692:
3685:
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3655:
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3645:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3614:
3606:
3604:9781291148411
3600:
3596:
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3560:
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3510:
3505:
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3497:
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3470:
3466:
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3435:
3430:
3424:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3350:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3319:
3316:
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3311:
3309:
3306:
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3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3225:Robert Newton
3222:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3204:Francis Drake
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3184:pirate speech
3180:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3148:
3139:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
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3042:
3038:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2505:Ling 'ee 'ere
2502:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2482:someone from
2481:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2468:kerned yogurt
2465:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2035:ich ne reckon
2032:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1648:
1640:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1606:
1598:
1595:
1591:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1544:
1539:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1511:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1468:apparent time
1465:
1461:
1455:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1296:He/she/it is
1295:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1207:Welsh Marches
1203:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1164:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
987:
982:
980:
976:
972:
969:
965:
952:
951:
946:
942:
939:
935:
934:
933:The Trap Door
929:
926:
922:
919:
918:
913:
912:J. K. Rowling
910:
907:
903:
899:
896:
893:
889:
885:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
863:The songs of
862:
859:
855:
854:
849:
848:Dennis Potter
846:
843:
842:
841:Daniel Martin
837:
834:
831:
827:
823:
822:
817:
814:
811:
807:
804:
801:
797:
794:
790:
789:
785:
782:
779:
776:
772:
768:
767:
758:
754:
753:
748:
745:
744:Cranken Rhyme
741:
737:
734:
731:
730:
725:
724:
719:
718:
713:
709:
706:
702:
699:
696:
695:
690:
686:
683:
682:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
661:
652:
648:
644:
643:
639:
638:
629:
625:
621:
617:
614:
613:
608:
607:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
575:
574:
569:
565:
562:
561:
556:
555:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:
531:
529:
525:
514:
512:
508:
504:
503:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:Herefordshire
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
417:
413:
407:
405:
393:
392:Martin Turner
389:
372:
353:
351:
339:
322:
303:
301:
289:
285:
281:
264:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
224:
218:
213:
207:
202:
198:
195:
190:
185:
181:
177:
167:
164:
163:
162:
159:
158:
157:
154:
153:
152:
148:
142:
124:
121:
120:
119:
116:
115:
114:
111:
110:
109:
108:Anglo-Frisian
106:
105:
104:
101:
100:
99:
98:West Germanic
96:
95:
94:
91:
90:
89:
88:Indo-European
85:
81:
75:
72:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
52:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5463:West Country
5177:South Africa
5172:Sierra Leone
4925:Miami Latino
4814:Philadelphia
4802:Inland North
4707:Newfoundland
4525:West Country
4524:
4339:by continent
4272:
4260:the original
4227:
4219:
4203:the original
4179:, Lund, 1949
4176:
4169:
4160:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4131:, Bonn, 1905
4128:
4122:
4115:
4095:. Retrieved
4081:
4062:
4056:
4036:
4016:the original
4011:
4002:
3989:
3980:
3971:
3959:. Retrieved
3945:
3933:. Retrieved
3919:
3911:
3906:
3894:. Retrieved
3880:
3871:Bristol News
3870:
3864:
3852:. Retrieved
3845:the original
3831:
3812:
3805:
3797:
3792:
3784:
3755:
3715:. Retrieved
3708:the original
3670:
3658:. Retrieved
3644:
3632:. Retrieved
3623:
3613:
3593:
3586:
3574:. Retrieved
3570:the original
3559:
3546:
3530:
3518:
3502:(1): 25–35.
3499:
3495:
3485:
3473:. Retrieved
3458:
3449:
3443:
3433:
3423:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3394:. Retrieved
3380:
3368:. Retrieved
3359:
3349:
3331:
3238:
3232:
3218:
3206:hailed from
3181:
3165:
3154:
3144:
3138:Bristol Post
3137:
3130:
3126:
3118:
3107:
3100:
3086:oblique case
3081:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3055:
3051:
3044:
3040:
3033:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2994:Modern Scots
2989:
2985:
2981:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2956:
2949:Wie bist du?
2935:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2913:
2912:forms used,
2909:
2905:
2901:
2885:
2836:Thomas Hardy
2811:
2807:
2769:
2670:
2552:mang (Devon)
2547:caterpillar
2504:
2409:In any case
2278:grandfather
2034:
1957:
1889:at any time
1806:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1762:
1758:
1740:
1708:
1700:
1685:
1681:
1652:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1604:
1593:
1589:
1563:
1559:
1519:
1515:
1495:
1491:
1395:
1393:
1357:West Penwith
1334:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1229:
1225:
1211:
1199:
1168:
1160:
1112:
1107:
1099:
1092:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1034:modern Saxon
1031:
1023:
1019:
1015:
983:
964:West Country
961:
948:
945:Phil Harding
931:
917:Harry Potter
915:
851:
839:
830:Five Valleys
819:
809:
786:
780:
770:
764:20th century
750:
727:
721:
717:The Sorcerer
715:
700:
692:
689:Thomas Hardy
679:
658:19th century
640:
635:18th century
610:
604:17th century
571:
558:
552:
534:Early period
520:
500:
498:
493:
490:urbanisation
431:
427:West Country
411:
410:
401:
347:
297:
220:
122:
61:West Country
36:
5302:Philippines
5095:New Zealand
4981:Bay Islands
4961:The Bahamas
4884:Social and
4841:New Orleans
4758:New England
4652:Isle of Man
4597:Port Talbot
4498:East Anglia
4415:Northumbria
4157:Mary Palmer
3925:"SND: thae"
3634:29 November
3412:Lorna Doone
3370:31 December
3050:The use of
3026:'he/that',
2944:Anglo-Saxon
2942: – or
2940:Old English
2877:zat (Devon)
2822:an icicle.
2672:The Archers
2603:the Wurzels
2475:Kimberlin (
2422:Plymothians
2253:guinea fowl
2143:South Wales
2006:and caulk.
1775:Bridgestowe
1767:"Bristol l"
1377:Kilkhampton
1218:Old English
1169:During the
1116:The Wurzels
1026:King Alfred
1005:came under
986:Anglo-Saxon
968:Old English
888:The Yetties
865:Adge Cutler
836:John Fowles
752:Lorna Doone
705:Edward Slow
545:Anglo-Saxon
486:Oxfordshire
235:instead of
151:Old English
145:Early forms
5442:Categories
5242:Bangladesh
5234:South Asia
5187:Cape Flats
5137:The Gambia
5062:Aboriginal
4898:vernacular
4863:California
4836:High Tider
4831:Appalachia
4692:Aboriginal
4624:South-West
4468:Birmingham
4425:Sunderland
4410:Manchester
4400:Lancashire
4155:"A Lady":
3576:25 January
3537:; Author:
3475:21 October
3324:References
3293:Jan Stewer
3210:in Devon.
3196:Blackbeard
3161:stereotype
3147:Jan Stewer
3109:The Rivals
3036:'it/that'.
2918:contracted
2771:irgendwann
2683:proper job
2463:(Somerset)
2286:woodlouse
2270:woodlouse
2244:very good
2228:scarecrow
2133:woodlouse
2061:woodlouse
2053:Woodlouse
1970:woodlouse
1959:Crossroads
1786:Vocabulary
1730:metathesis
1663:: initial
1661:h-dropping
1597:homophones
1424:like most
1369:Egloshayle
1143:See also:
1043:Low German
892:Yetminster
883:" artists.
816:Laurie Lee
806:David Foot
800:Jan Stewer
791:(1933) by
773:(1909) by
736:John Davey
645:(1749) by
404:media help
350:media help
300:media help
5307:Singapore
5269:Sri Lanka
5224:Hong Kong
5050:variation
5042:Australia
4953:Caribbean
4819:Baltimore
4702:Lunenburg
4647:Gibraltar
4564:Highlands
4442:Yorkshire
4405:Liverpool
4251:Somerset
4210:Cornwall
3308:Mummerset
3208:Tavistock
3200:privateer
3192:fisherman
3188:seafaring
2977:("gone").
2936:how bist?
2531:fanciful
2503:to throw
2371:hinkypunk
2334:coughing
2177:dumpling
1851:old sore
1741:fool-fall
1572:TRAP–BATH
1415:Phonology
1385:St Buryan
1345:Mousehole
1329:They are
1128:UK charts
1073:Thee bist
1062:I be/A be
1011:Athelstan
950:Time Team
906:Wiltshire
729:Ruddigore
714:operetta
649:, set in
642:Tom Jones
612:King Lear
524:Mummerset
482:Berkshire
478:Hampshire
458:Wiltshire
284:Wiltshire
194:ISO 639-3
67:Ethnicity
5427:Standard
5397:Learning
5385:Nerrière
5376:Globish
5292:Malaysia
5264:Pakistan
5204:Zimbabwe
5132:Cameroon
4966:Barbados
4697:Atlantic
4665:Americas
4582:Abercraf
4551:Scotland
4530:Cornwall
4451:Midlands
4435:Teesside
4430:Tyneside
4420:Pitmatic
4383:Cheshire
4329:Dialects
4195:Bristol
4097:13 April
4091:Archived
3994:Archived
3955:Archived
3935:13 April
3929:Archived
3890:Archived
3747:Archived
3717:5 August
3680:Archived
3654:Archived
3628:Archived
3469:Archived
3431:(1909).
3396:18 April
3390:Archived
3364:Archived
3339:Archived
3247:See also
3243:(1952).
3216:operetta
3134:—
3106:'s play
3073:. e.g.:
2868:young'un
2862:a wasp.
2763:somewhen
2484:Weymouth
2477:Portland
2383:Radstock
1832:(Dorset)
1816:Meaning
1802:Cornwall
1746:/fuː(l)/
1558:, as in
1514:, as in
1490:, as in
1430:American
1426:Canadian
1365:Altarnun
1191:Gwithian
1179:Cornwall
1163:Cornwall
1132:Somerset
1110:below.)
1048:Somerset
1003:Cornwall
873:Somerset
651:Somerset
568:medieval
454:Somerset
442:Cornwall
241:Help:IPA
179:Dialects
93:Germanic
5357:Engrish
5352:E-Prime
5325:Related
5312:Vietnam
5297:Myanmar
5167:Nigeria
5162:Namibia
5152:Liberia
5034:Oceania
5016:Bermuda
4988:Jamaica
4915:Chicano
4753:Midland
4739:United
4675:America
4611:Ireland
4587:Cardiff
4559:Glasgow
4508:Cockney
4388:Cumbria
4366:England
4357:Britain
4333:accents
4282:Wessex
3896:14 July
3388:. BBC.
3173:Cockney
2980:Use of
2895:Grammar
2659:plim up
2593:friend
2555:to mix
2275:granfer
1978:blimey
1897:(Devon)
1884:anywhen
1866:Bristol
1830:afear'd
1824:friend
1779:Bristow
1771:Bristol
1763:America
1755:Bristol
1381:Mullion
1373:Gwinear
1353:St Ives
1307:We are
1238:Cornish
1106:. (See
1070:Du büst
921:fantasy
877:Wurzels
869:Nailsea
697:(1891).
597:revival
570:period
566:In the
554:Beowulf
511:Cornish
494:accents
462:Bristol
423:accents
416:English
280:Bristol
237:Unicode
71:English
51:England
5380:Gogate
5287:Brunei
5199:Uganda
5182:accent
5157:Malawi
5125:Africa
5100:accent
5055:accent
4998:Samaná
4971:Bequia
4790:accent
4763:Boston
4741:States
4724:Quebec
4684:Canada
4673:North
4629:Ulster
4619:Dublin
4535:Dorset
4393:Barrow
4355:Great
4346:Europe
4236:Devon
4069:
4044:
3961:2 July
3854:30 May
3820:
3660:2 July
3601:
3554:p. 393
3414:" in:
3288:Janner
3229:Disney
3177:Scouse
2988:e.g.:
2975:a-went
2916:often
2908:) and
2889:tyning
2711:scrage
2696:French
2572:nipper
2415:Janner
2262:idiot
2012:cheers
1895:'appen
1813:Phrase
1759:cinema
1686:silly
1682:party
1619:, and
1472:Dorset
1422:rhotic
1389:St Ewe
1387:, and
1349:Newlyn
1087:He is
1059:Ik bün
1007:Wessex
990:Wessex
925:Hagrid
867:(from
740:Zennor
585:Breton
560:Judith
450:Dorset
434:region
113:Anglic
57:Region
5422:Plain
5337:Basic
5259:Nepal
5247:India
5147:Kenya
5142:Ghana
5107:Palau
5067:South
4910:Cajun
4851:Texas
4846:Older
4826:South
4797:North
4773:Maine
4592:Gower
4574:Wales
4490:South
4375:North
3848:(PDF)
3841:(PDF)
3711:(PDF)
3704:(PDF)
3231:film
3071:wrote
2986:those
2962:'
2880:soft
2523:girl
2316:coach
2314:or a
2199:Emmet
2125:soft
1649:]
1645:[
1641:]
1637:[
1625:grass
1621:START
1574:split
1516:house
1492:guide
1434:Irish
1315:Bowgh
1234:Welsh
1230:to do
1226:to be
1175:Devon
1100:to be
1084:He be
1081:He is
1065:I am
999:Devon
832:area.
618:Both
583:(and
528:rural
507:Welsh
446:Devon
388:Devon
5213:Asia
5090:Fiji
5077:West
4993:Saba
4858:West
4778:West
4768:East
4331:and
4099:2013
4067:ISBN
4042:ISBN
3963:2014
3937:2013
3898:2015
3856:2023
3818:ISBN
3719:2018
3662:2014
3636:2015
3599:ISBN
3578:2013
3552:1906
3477:2023
3398:2010
3372:2006
3190:and
3175:and
3114:Bath
3067:writ
3012:and
3010:she
3002:thay
2998:thae
2982:they
2928:Bist
2914:thee
2910:thou
2904:(or
2902:thee
2561:mush
2461:kern
2445:wasp
2004:rope
1940:boy
1792:etc.
1709:aunt
1691:The
1688:etc.
1633:path
1617:PALM
1613:BATH
1609:TRAP
1605:palm
1592:and
1590:palm
1586:/ɑː/
1584:and
1569:The
1560:trap
1496:life
1466:and
1464:real
1436:and
1351:and
1335:The
1326:Bons
1312:Owgh
1236:and
1228:and
1220:and
1177:and
1147:and
726:and
710:The
622:and
579:The
539:The
509:and
484:and
464:and
421:and
282:and
4335:of
3504:doi
3214:'s
3034:þæt
3029:sēo
2969:An
2932:are
2922:'ee
2834:by
2312:bus
1777:or
1753:In
1705:/a/
1699:in
1697:/ʊ/
1675:/t/
1665:/h/
1643:or
1629:ask
1603:in
1601:/l/
1594:Pam
1582:/æ/
1564:cat
1562:or
1520:cow
1518:or
1494:or
1396:cwm
1323:Yns
1304:Byn
1271:Biv
914:'s
902:XTC
850:'s
838:'s
609:In
436:of
223:IPA
5444::
4159::
4024:^
4010:.
3992:.
3988:.
3888:.
3768:^
3727:^
3690:^
3626:.
3622:.
3498:.
3494:.
3358:.
3116:.
3052:to
3041:be
3023:sē
3018:þā
3014:it
3008:,
3006:he
2971:a-
2920:to
2906:ye
2838:)
2774:.
2470:'
2447:.
2310:a
2145:)
1962:)
1684:,
1647:aː
1639:æː
1631:,
1627:,
1615:,
1611:,
1507:aʊ
1483:aɪ
1432:,
1428:,
1391:.
1383:,
1379:,
1375:,
1371:,
1367:,
1363::
1347:,
1301:On
1293:Bo
1290:Yw
1282:Bi
1279:Os
1268:Ov
894:).
599:).
480:,
476:,
472:,
460:,
456:,
452:,
448:,
440::
394:).
340:).
290:).
4321:e
4314:t
4307:v
4101:.
4075:.
4050:.
3965:.
3939:.
3900:.
3858:.
3721:.
3664:.
3638:.
3607:.
3580:.
3512:.
3506::
3500:7
3479:.
3400:.
3374:.
3092:.
2924:.
2887:"
2675:)
2479:)
2385:)
1748:.
1711:.
1554:/
1551:æ
1548:/
1538:/
1535:ŋ
1532:ɪ
1529:/
1510:/
1504:/
1486:/
1480:/
1474:.
1454:/
1451:r
1448:/
1193:(
940:.
777:.
759:.
746:.
707:.
522:"
406:.
390:(
352:.
302:.
286:(
243:.
199:–
34:.
20:)
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