511:. Although these materials continue the lifespan of used and discarded materials, they have their own considerable half life; the polymers and adhesives added make WPC difficult to recycle again after use. They can however be recycled easily in a new WPC, much like concrete. One advantage over wood is the ability of the material to be molded to meet almost any desired shape. A WPC member can be bent and fixed to form strong arching curves. Another major selling point of these materials is their lack of need for paint. They are manufactured in a variety of colors, but are widely available in grays and earth tones. Despite up to 70 percent cellulose content (although 50/50 is more common), the mechanical behavior of WPCs is most similar to neat polymers. Neat polymers are polymerized without added solvents. This means that WPCs have a lower strength and stiffness than wood, and they experience time and temperature-dependent behavior. The wood particles are susceptible to fungal attack, though not as much so as solid wood, and the polymer component is vulnerable to UV degradation. It is possible that the strength and stiffness may be reduced by freeze-thaw cycling, though testing is still being conducted in this area. Some WPC formulations are sensitive to staining from a variety of agents.
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to burn at temperatures around 204 °C (400 °F). Processing WPCs at excessively high temperatures increases the risk of shearing, or burning and discoloration resulting from pushing a material that is too hot through a gate which is too small, during injection molding. The ratio of wood to plastic in the composite will ultimately determine the melt flow index (MFI) of the WPC, with larger amounts of wood generally leading to a lower MFI.
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sandwich boards are used mainly in automotive, transportation and building applications, but furniture applications are also being developed. New efficient and often in-line integrated production processes allow to produce stronger and stiffer WPC sandwich boards at lower costs compared to traditional plastic sheets or monolithic WPC panels.
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attack, though they do absorb water into the wood fibers embedded within the material. Water absorption is more pronounced in WFCs with a hydrophilic matrix such as PLA and also leads to decreased mechanical stiffness and strength. The mechanical performance in a wet environment can be enhanced by an
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In some manufacturing facilities, the constituents are combined and processed in a pelletizing extruder, which produces pellets of the new material. The pellets are then re-melted and formed into the final shape. Other manufacturers complete the finished part in a single step of mixing and extrusion.
463:
Due to the addition of organic material, WPCs are usually processed at far lower temperatures than traditional plastics during extrusion and injection molding. WPCs tend to process at temperatures of about 28 °C (50 °F) lower than the same, unfilled material, for instance. Most will begin
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form allows for a combination of the benefits of traditional wood polymer composites with the lightness of a sandwich panel technology. WPC sandwich boards consist of wood polymer composite skins and usually low-density polymer core which leads to a very effective increase of panel's rigidity. WPC
871:
Joffre, Thomas; Segerholm, Kristoffer; Persson, Cecilia; Bardage, Stig L.; Luengo
Hendriks, Cris L.; Isaksson, Per (January 2017). "Characterization of interfacial stress transfer ability in acetylation-treated wood fibre composites using X-ray microtomography".
279:
In addition to wood fiber and plastic, WPCs can also contain other ligno-cellulosic and/or inorganic filler materials. WPCs are a subset of a larger category of materials called natural fiber plastic composites (NFPCs), which may contain no
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and can melt. The inclusion of plastic as a portion of the composite results in the potential for higher fire hazards in WPCs as compared with wood. Some code officials are becoming increasingly concerned with the fire performance of WPCs.
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help tailor the end product to the target area of application. Extruded WPCs are formed into both solid and hollow profiles. A large variety of injection molded parts are also produced, from automotive door panels to cell phone covers.
519:
WPC boards show a good set of performance but monolithic composite sheets are relatively heavy (most often heavier than pure plastics) which limits their use to applications where low weight is not essential. WPC in a
372:. WPCs were first introduced into the decking market in the early 1990s. Manufacturers claim that WPC is more environmentally friendly and requires less maintenance than the alternatives of solid wood treated with
343:
Also sometimes known as composite timber, WPCs are still new materials relative to the long history of natural lumber as a building material. The most widespread use of WPCs in North
America is in outdoor
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treatment. WPCs have good workability and can be shaped using conventional woodworking tools. WPCs are often considered a sustainable material because they can be made using
327:). Covema made WPC under the tradename Plastic-Wood. After a few years from the invention of the Plastic-Wood the company Icma San Giorgio patented the first process to add
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Washington State
University Wood Plastic Composites Information Center, "Fire Issues in Engineered Wood Composites for Naval Waterfront Facilities"
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Environmental
Impacts of Traditional and Innovative Forest-based Bioproducts, Environmental Footprints and Eco-design of Products and Processes
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Chemical additives provide for integration of polymer and wood flour (powder) while facilitating optimal processing conditions.
116:
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Larsson, P.; Simonson, R. (1994-04-01). "A study of strength, hardness and deformation of acetylated
Scandinavian softwoods".
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Stark, N. (2001) “Influence of
Moisture Absorption on Mechanical Properties of Wood Flour-Polypropylene Composites.”
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or solid wood of rot-resistant species. These materials can be molded with or without simulated wood grain details.
550:-based polymers have a negative environmental impact because they rely on non-renewable raw materials and the non-
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resin. The most common method of production is to extrude the material into the desired shape, though
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Clemons, C. (2002) "Wood-plastic
Composites in the United States: The interfacing of two Industries"
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691:"Buzhoushan WPC Doors – Wood Plastic Composite Hollow Door / Assembled Door Manufacturer from China"
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is also used. WPCs may be produced from either virgin or recycled thermoplastics including
8:
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1128:
Environmental News
Network, "California Fire Codes Put Focus on Plastic Decking Concerns"
827:"Wood-Plastic Composites production requires high formulation quality the feeding system"
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1118:, 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition, Long Beach, California, May 2001.
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Modeling the Time-dependent
Flexural Response of Wood-plastic Composite Materials
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It may require cleanup to comply with
Knowledge's content policies, particularly
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792:"Connect with 756 Wood Plastic Composite Manufacturers - Global Sources"
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WPCs are produced by thoroughly mixing ground wood particles and heated
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floors, but it is also used for railings, fences, landscaping timbers,
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The company that invented and patented the process to create WPC was
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The types of plastic normally used in WPC formulations have higher
431:(PLA). PE-based WPCs are by far the most common. Additives such as
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Morrell, J et al.(2006) “Durability of wood-plastic composites.”
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763:"China's wpc profile making machine Manufacturer & Supplier"
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WPCs do not corrode and are highly resistant to rot, decay, and
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1078:"Wood-Plastic Composites—Performance and Environmental Impacts"
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properties than wood alone, as plastic has a higher chemical
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Schwarzkopf, Matthew John; Burnard, Michael David (2016).
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of WPCs is directly affected by the ratio of renewable to
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The first extrusion line to produce plastic wood, made by
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Composite materials made of wood fiber and thermoplastics
739:"JELU is a manufacturer of wpc - wood plastic composite"
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A major contributor to this article appears to have a
360:, prefab houses under the tradename Woodpecker WPC.,
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Introduction of WPC Wood Plastic Composite Products
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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987:. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis. p. 232.
845:"Wood-Plastic Composites – Green Dot Bioplastics"
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906:
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1011:Dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison
859:Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials
715:"PRODUCERS: Decking, Railing, & Fencing"
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1145:
949:Gibson, Scott (2008). “Synthetic Decking”
284:-based fiber fillers such as pulp fibers,
225:Learn how and when to remove this message
207:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1087:. Singapore: Springer. pp. 19–43.
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319:in 1960, founded by Terragni brothers (
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1083:. In A. Kutnar and S.S. Muthu (ed.).
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471:Wood-plastic composite is a type of
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88:adding citations to reliable sources
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641:Plastics World, Volume 28, Parte 2
596:Plastic composite (disambiguation)
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34:This article has multiple issues.
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187:. Please discuss further on the
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1406:Oriented structural straw board
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42:or discuss these issues on the
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507:and the waste products of the
335:to the thermoplastics (WPCs).
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886:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.10.009
874:Industrial Crops and Products
616:
546:materials. The commonly used
522:sandwich-structured composite
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260:and thermoplastic(s) such as
1940:Plastics and the environment
985:Carraher's polymer chemistry
480:Advantages and disadvantages
7:
1910:Recycled building materials
1093:10.1007/978-981-10-0655-5_2
1056:"Sandwich Panel Technology"
909:Holz Als Roh- und Werkstoff
630:Official website of Agripak
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10:
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1797:Non-timber forest products
1421:Structural insulated panel
983:Carraher, Charles (2014).
963:"What are Ultra Polymers?"
611:Transparent wood composite
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405:high-density polyethylene
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678:Forest Products Journal
666:. www.woodpecker.com.co.
652:Official Website of ICMA
409:low-density polyethylene
99:"Wood–plastic composite"
1782:Green building and wood
338:
246:Wood–plastic composites
1426:Wood–plastic composite
1352:Glued laminated timber
1347:Cross-laminated timber
1035:"WPC honeycomb panels"
952:. Remodeling Magazine.
586:Glued laminated timber
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489:Trex composite decking
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241:Wood-plastic composite
1905:Woodworking materials
1499:Corrugated fiberboard
1401:Oriented strand board
796:www.globalsources.com
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185:neutral point of view
1884:WikiProject Forestry
664:"WPC Social Housing"
540:environmental impact
534:Environmental impact
288:hulls, coffee husk,
84:improve this article
1915:Composite materials
1645:Ramial chipped wood
515:WPC sandwich boards
368:frames, and indoor
250:composite materials
1562:Cellulosic ethanol
921:10.1007/BF02615470
695:www.thewpcdoor.com
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413:polyvinyl chloride
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270:polyvinyl chloride
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1827:Wood preservation
1772:Engineered bamboo
1592:Pyroligneous acid
1102:978-981-10-0653-1
1022:Wood Design Focus
1007:Hamel, S. (2011)
994:978-1-4665-5203-6
505:recycled plastics
401:injection molding
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95:Find sources:
89:
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73:This article
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41:
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1841:
1736:Wooden masts
1706:Dugout canoe
1691:Bavin (wood)
1640:Black liquor
1577:Liquid smoke
1425:
1327:Utility pole
1312:Timber truss
1232:Log building
1123:
1111:
1084:
1071:
1060:. Retrieved
1050:
1039:. Retrieved
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967:. Retrieved
957:
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915:(2): 83–86.
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799:. Retrieved
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771:the original
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718:
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698:. Retrieved
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568:heat content
561:
558:Fire hazards
537:
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496:marine borer
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262:polyethylene
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94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
1935:Bioplastics
1837:Woodworking
1822:Wood drying
1807:Papermaking
1627:By-products
1533:Derivatives
1471:Pellet fuel
1212:Flitch beam
564:fire hazard
501:acetylation
425:polystyrene
248:(WPCs) are
1899:Categories
1679:Historical
1660:Wood flour
1509:Paperboard
1379:Fiberboard
1337:Engineered
1197:Bressummer
1062:2014-10-07
1041:2014-10-07
969:2014-04-17
801:2017-02-08
777:2017-02-08
748:2017-02-08
724:2017-02-08
700:2017-02-08
617:References
453:lubricants
427:(PS), and
380:Production
333:wood flour
329:wood fiber
272:(PVC), or
258:wood flour
254:wood fiber
110:newspapers
39:improve it
1925:Recycling
1701:Clapboard
1670:Woodchips
1665:Wood wool
1545:Cellulose
1540:Birch-tar
1494:Cardboard
1476:Wood fuel
1384:hardboard
1287:Reclaimed
1252:Panelling
1242:Log house
1237:Log cabin
929:0018-3768
894:0926-6690
880:: 43–49.
831:ktron.com
743:JELUPLAST
548:petroleum
433:colorants
370:furniture
298:digestate
282:cellulose
197:July 2010
189:talk page
140:July 2010
45:talk page
1930:Plastics
1862:Category
1843:Yakisugi
1777:Forestry
1745:See also
1686:Axe ties
1655:Tall oil
1635:Barkdust
1617:Wood gas
1597:Pine tar
1587:Methanol
1519:Pulpwood
1466:Firewood
1449:Charcoal
1442:Fuelwood
1389:Masonite
1317:Treenail
1217:Flooring
937:19529734
575:See also
411:(LDPE),
407:(HDPE),
350:cladding
252:made of
1873:Commons
1752:Biomass
1726:Tanbark
1650:Sawdust
1461:Firelog
1454:biochar
1416:Plywood
1374:I-joist
1292:Shingle
1247:Molding
606:Sleeper
423:(ABS),
415:(PVC),
354:benches
307:History
300:, etc.
276:(PLA).
124:scholar
1711:Potash
1612:Tannin
1572:Lignin
1486:Fibers
1431:lumber
1357:veneer
1297:Siding
1277:Rafter
1272:Purlin
1187:Batten
1180:timber
1176:Lumber
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935:
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529:Issues
451:, and
419:(PP),
390:Covema
362:window
313:Covema
290:bamboo
286:peanut
268:(PP),
264:(PE),
126:
119:
112:
105:
97:
1792:Mulch
1602:Pitch
1524:Rayon
1504:Paper
1322:Truss
1262:Plate
1257:Plank
1222:Joist
1207:Cruck
1081:(PDF)
1024:16(3)
933:S2CID
680:52(6)
325:Marco
317:Milan
294:straw
131:JSTOR
117:books
1567:Dyes
1550:nano
1514:Pulp
1339:wood
1307:Stud
1302:Sill
1267:Post
1227:Lath
1192:Beam
1097:ISBN
989:ISBN
925:ISSN
890:ISSN
538:The
366:door
364:and
346:deck
339:Uses
323:and
321:Dino
103:news
1582:Lye
1394:MDF
1362:LVL
1202:CLS
1089:doi
917:doi
882:doi
315:of
86:by
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51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
