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22:
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Japan. These officials were essentially
Stalinists in their economic thinking, favoring central planning and heavy industry - a strategy that clashed with that of the ascendant Deng. As Deng's political fortunes rose in the late 1970s, those of the petroleum faction waned. Yu was forced to make a self-criticism after the collapse of a Japanese-made oil rig in the
614:
enterprises, instructing them to follow the "all-out battle" tactics of Daqing oil field. Shortly afterwards, Mao Zedong praised the Daqing oil field at an education work conference, stating that with a "little investment" in a "short period of time" a "great achievement" had been finished. Daqing oil field produced the famous Maoist icon
496:
blockades around the
Communist base in the south. In 1936, he was injured in the arm during a skirmish with pursuing nationalist forces. He continued on the journey north over treacherous terrain. Nine months later, after he had completed a journey of thousands of miles in terrible pain, his arm was
613:
The successful construction of the Daqing oil field despite harsh weather conditions and supply limitations became a model held up by the
Communist Party as an example during subsequent industrialization campaigns. On February 5, 1964, the central Party promoted Daqing oil field to other industrial
705:
After the death of Mao in 1976, Yu was promoted to the
Politburo. He was a member of what is commonly referred to as the "petroleum faction" or "petroleum group," a group of senior officials who advocated using the profits from petroleum exports to finance high technology imports from the West and
605:
Under Yu's direction, the mosquito-infested marshland - in winter, an expanse of ice - was transformed into China's biggest oil production centre. The economic benefits of the project were critical because without the production of the Daqing oil field, crude oil would have been severely limited
563:
In
February 1958, he became the Second Minister for the Petroleum Industry, and decided to focus on oilfield exploration. He replaced Li Jukui in this role, a change made at the recommendation of Peng Dehaui. This move thrust him into a far more prominent role in the Communist government. In the
726:, a position of massive influence in the PLA, being responsible for checking and ensuring the political reliability and loyalty of all military personnel, and often described as "Military Grand Inquisitor". Yu held these posts until 1987, when he retired.
626:
After his success in Daqing, Yu went on to establish several more major production centres. In 1964, China declared itself self-sufficient in oil. That year, Yu was moved into the most important government ministry related to the economy, the
601:
would be the ideological core of the campaign to develop the oil field. The
Petroleum Ministry shipped thousands of copies by plane so that every Daqing oil worker would have copies and for work units to each set up their own study groups.
657:. Yu supported the military leaders who contended that the Cultural Revolution had disrupted the social order and undermined Party leadership, although his criticism was not nearly as forceful as the criticism from leaders like
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in the desolate wastes of north-eastern China gave him a mission for which he is much remembered. Yu became the leader of the so-called "Petroleum Group" of officials which promoted the Daqing model of industrialization.
585:, Yu mobilized workers building the Daqing oil field through ideological motivation instead of material incentives, focusing enthusiasm, energy, and resources to complete a rapid industrialization project. Yu read
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484:, in 1914, three years after the collapse of China's last imperial dynasty, into a poor peasant family. By the age of 14 he had taken part in a peasant uprising. At 16 he joined the
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589:'s writing to workers, urging them to engage in the hard labor at hand out of commitment to the building of Chinese socialism. In April 1960, Yu stated that Mao's texts
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618:, who, in order to stop a blow-out, leapt into a pool of liquid concrete to mix it using his own body. Yu chose Wang as the first model worker from Daqing oil field.
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in 1979, and in 1980 he was transferred from the chairmanship of the State
Planning Commission to the less high-profile post of head of the State Energy Commission.
665:. The radical side prevailed in the dispute and several leaders who had been a part of the February Countercurrent were required to take leaves of absence and make
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in
Beijing and was subjected to numerous denunciation sessions. At one point, radical students confined him to the Beijing Oil Institute until
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and was named
Director of the General Finance Department of the PLA, holding that position until early 1957, when he became Director of the
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519:, as Commander and Political Commissar of the 1st Division of the 1st Field Army, he played a leading role in the capture of
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927:. Vol. 3. Translated by Sun, Li; Bryant, Shelly. Montreal, Quebec: Royal Collins Publishing Group. p. 189.
669:. Given his lower rank than others who were part of the February Countercurrent, Yu was able to retain his position.
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of 1937–1945, he served as
Director of the Political Department of the 358th Brigade and in the subsequent
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758:中国人民解放军《中国人民解放军高级将领传》编审委员会，中国中共党史人物研究会《中国人民解放军高级将领传》编撰委员会编. 中国人民解放军高级将领传 第24卷. 北京: 解放军出版社. 2013: 241–322.
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and put him in charge of relocating major industries to the remote hinterland of south-western China.
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of 1967, an intra-party conflict in which a group of military leaders opposed the direction of the
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488:. Yu was among the tens of thousands of guerrillas and their supporters who from 1934 joined the
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468:(in effect, responsible for ensuring the political loyalty of the entire PLA) from 1982 to 1987.
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From November 1936 to August 1937, he received advanced military and political training at the
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In 1982, however, Yu was back in uniform, as Deng named him Deputy Secretary-General of the
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amputated. "I am a man who has gone through nine deaths," Yu told the American journalist
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was told to denounce Yu. Kang refused and was forced out of his position as a result.
535:, serving as a member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee of the Western
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452:, Yu then served as Minister of the Petroleum Industry (1958–1966), Chairman of the
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District of the CCP and as the Principal and Political Commissar of the Senior
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733:, Yu was elected as a Secretary of the Secretariat of the Central Committee.
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Building for Oil: Daqing and the Formation of the Chinese Socialist State
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After the Communist victory in 1949, Yu Qiuli was transferred to the
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Ministers of petroleum industry of the People's Republic of China
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The Chinese High Command: A History of Military Politics, 1927-71
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Zhou Enlai Cabinet (1975–1976) → Hua Guofeng Cabinet (1976–1978)
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to intercede with the students and allow Yu to return to work.
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Members of the 11th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
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Members of the 12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
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General Logistics Department of the People's Liberation Army
606:
after the Soviet Union cut off supplies as a result of the
421:, he held top military and government positions under both
153:
5013:
Members of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party
687:
Also during the Cultural Revolution, Petroleum Minister
859:
Mao's Third Front: The Militarization of Cold War China
925:
An Ideological History of the Communist Party of China
564:
following year, the discovery of huge oil reserves in
440:
Following military service as a senior commander and
429:
and is considered the founding father of the Chinese
167:
People's Liberation Army General Political Department
923:
Guoyou, Wu; Xuemei, Ding (2020). Zheng, Qian (ed.).
409:; 15 November 1914 – 3 February 1999) was a Chinese
5023:
People's Republic of China politicians from Jiangxi
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3370:State Councilors of the People's Republic of China
638:In 1965, Mao made Yu the top drafter of the Third
506:Counter-Japanese Military and Political University
471:
460:(1975–1982), and Deputy Secretary-General of the
5058:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Jiangxi
4984:
713:
551:. In September 1955, he was awarded the rank of
4993:Vice premiers of the People's Republic of China
2376:Vice Premiers of the People's Republic of China
1027:State Council of the People's Republic of China
5018:People's Liberation Army generals from Jiangxi
1406:Ministry of Water Resources and Electric Power
1394:Ministry of Petroleum and Chemical Industries
631:, as vice director. He also functioned as the
581:. During its 1960 construction as part of the
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3868:
3354:
2360:
2012:11th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
1996:
1614:12th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
1598:
1010:
672:However, Yu also became a frequent target of
922:
817:monograph series. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
413:army officer and politician, general of the
5063:Burials at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery
1537:Commission for Physical Culture and Sports
1461:Ministry of Posts & Telecommunications
577:Yu was in charge of the development of the
543:School. In December 1954, he was called to
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2003:
1989:
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2083:(added Feb 1980; Vice-Chairman June 1981)
1654:(Acting General Secretary after Jan 1987)
221:Director of the State Planning Commission
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
856:
729:During the First Plenary Session of the
635:director of the commission until 1980.
179:September 1982 – November 1987
4985:
913:(Praeger, New York: 1973) p. 255, 550.
909:Whitson, William and Huang Chen-hsia,
804:
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1251:Ministry of Foreign Economic Liaison
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2077:(added Feb 1980; Chairman June 1981)
1371:Seventh Ministry of Machine Building
1263:Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
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435:China National Petroleum Corporation
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
2065:(Vice-Chairman; dismissed Feb 1980)
1332:Fourth Ministry of Machine Building
1306:Second Ministry of Machine Building
1275:Ministry of Metallurgical Industry
808:
572:
233:January 1975 – August 1980
13:
1358:Sixth Ministry of Machine Building
1345:Fifth Ministry of Machine Building
1319:Third Ministry of Machine Building
1287:First Ministry of Machine Building
769:
743:
492:in an effort to break through the
14:
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5008:People of the Cultural Revolution
2741:(dismissed 1976, reinstated 1977)
2627:(dismissed 1968, reinstated 1973)
2236:(added Sep 1979, to PSC Feb 1980)
2220:(added Dec 1978, to PSC Feb 1980)
965:
835:
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1216:State Infrastructure Commission
724:PLA General Political Department
549:PLA General Logistics Department
466:PLA General Political Department
197:January 1975 – May 1982
152:
20:
2071:(added Dec 1978; Vice-Chairman)
992:, Feb 20, 1999 by James Miles
945:
621:
472:Early life and military service
31:needs additional citations for
916:
903:
819:Harvard University Asia Center
405:
1:
861:. Cambridge, United Kingdom:
736:
714:Political overseer of the PLA
283:February 1958 – 1966
1568:Politburo Standing Committee
1191:Ministry of National Defense
857:Meyskens, Covell F. (2020).
7:
1418:Ministry of Light Industry
1228:Ministry of Public Security
1174:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
720:Central Military Commission
464:as well as Director of the
462:Central Military Commission
10:
5079:
5038:State councillors of China
1383:Ministry of Coal Industry
1240:Ministry of Foreign Trade
863:Cambridge University Press
815:Harvard-Yenching Institute
694:In 1975, Yu was appointed
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1204:State Planning Commission
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682:Cultural Revolution Group
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454:State Planning Commission
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4072:People's Liberation Army
513:Second Sino-Japanese War
446:Second Sino–Japanese War
415:People's Liberation Army
145:
951:Salisbury, Harrison E.
647:February Countercurrent
645:Yu was involved in the
527:Early People's Republic
486:Chinese Communist Party
369:Chinese Communist Party
5033:Politicians from Ji'an
2268:(full member Sep 1979)
1899:(full member Sep 1985)
988:"Obituary: Yu Qiuli",
731:12th Central Committee
2961:(promoted to premier)
1512:Ministry of Education
1449:Ministry of Transport
871:10.1017/9781108784788
272:Minister of Petroleum
185:Vice Premier of China
4443:Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme
3958:Political Commissars
2179:(dismissed Feb 1980)
2156:(dismissed Feb 1980)
2135:(dismissed Feb 1980)
2097:surname stroke order
1678:surname stroke order
1486:Ministry of Commerce
1436:Ministry of Railways
722:and Director of the
40:improve this article
4158:Dogan Penjor Rabgye
4068:lieutenant generals
2392:Provisional Cabinet
1499:Ministry of Culture
1473:Ministry of Finance
651:Cultural Revolution
442:political commissar
417:. A veteran of the
3883:Commanders of the
3813:14th State Council
3775:13th State Council
3736:12th State Council
3698:11th State Council
3661:10th State Council
2990:5th Cabinet (1982)
2905:5th Cabinet (1980)
2812:5th Cabinet (1978)
2021:Standing Committee
1643:(retired Sep 1985)
1623:Standing Committee
1525:Ministry of Health
1162:
583:Great Leap Forward
559:Petroleum Industry
553:lieutenant general
499:Harrison Salisbury
431:petroleum industry
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4979:
4033:
4032:
3850:
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3624:9th State Council
3572:8th State Council
3511:7th State Council
3444:6th State Council
3377:5th State Council
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2620:
2612:
2502:
2494:
2425:
2394:
2384:
2342:
2341:
2269:
2253:Alternate members
2245:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2213:
2180:
2157:
2144:
2136:
2100:
2037:until June 1981;
1978:
1977:
1900:
1889:Alternate members
1884:
1883:
1791:
1688:Before 5th Plenum
1681:
1635:General Secretary
1580:
1579:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1137:Secretary-General
934:978-1-4878-0392-6
880:978-1-108-78478-8
828:978-0-674-26022-1
764:978-7-5065-6608-7
608:Sino-Soviet split
517:Chinese Civil War
450:Chinese Civil War
386:
385:
116:
115:
108:
90:
5070:
5053:Chinese amputees
4975:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4037:
4036:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3854:
3853:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3179:
3129:
3121:
3082:
3074:
3040:
2960:
2895:
2887:
2782:
2749:(dismissed 1977)
2748:
2740:
2721:
2713:
2706:(dismissed 1966)
2705:
2698:(dismissed 1966)
2697:
2690:(dismissed 1967)
2689:
2666:
2659:(dismissed 1968)
2658:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2619:(dismissed 1969)
2618:
2610:
2500:
2492:
2423:
2390:
2378:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2267:
2244:(added Sep 1979)
2243:
2235:
2228:(added Dec 1978)
2227:
2219:
2212:(added Dec 1978)
2211:
2178:
2155:
2142:
2134:
2093:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1982:
1981:
1898:
1799:After 5th Plenum
1790:(died June 1983)
1789:
1685:
1684:
1674:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1584:
1583:
1566:: Member of the
1559:: Member of the
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953:The New Emperors
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901:
900:
854:
833:
832:
809:Hou, Li (2021).
806:
767:
756:
592:On Contradiction
579:Daqing oil field
573:Daqing Oil Field
407:
398:
344:
325:15 November 1914
324:
322:
310:Personal details
298:
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195:
177:
165:Director of the
156:
135:
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111:
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48:
24:
16:
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4967:
4528:Saifuddin Azizi
4503:Qiu Chuangcheng
4128:Chen Zhengxiang
4074:
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3165:
3134:
3087:
3045:
3006:
2985:
2900:
2807:
2783:(resigned 1977)
2726:
2596:
2505:
2428:
2385:
2373:
2343:
2338:
2277:
2273:Saifuddin Azizi
2248:
2143:(died Feb 1979)
2092:
2086:
2059:(Vice-Chairman)
2053:(Vice-Chairman)
2047:(Vice-Chairman)
2023:
2015:
2009:
1979:
1974:
1913:
1880:
1794:
1689:
1673:
1667:
1637:until Jan 1987)
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990:The Independent
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829:
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757:
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739:
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667:self-criticisms
624:
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529:
476:Yu was born in
474:
365:Political party
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341:3 February 1999
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4865:
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4858:Zhang Nansheng
4855:
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4830:
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4785:
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4718:Xiao Xiangrong
4715:
4710:
4708:Xiang Zhonghua
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4695:
4690:
4685:
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4670:
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4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4638:Wang Shangrong
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4613:Wang Bingzhang
4610:
4605:
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2746:Zhang Chunqiao
2743:
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1409:Qian Zhengying
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1076:Zhang Chunqiao
1073:
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1038:
1037:
1034:
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1030:
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1021:
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975:chinavitae.com
967:
966:External links
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915:
902:
879:
834:
827:
768:
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680:contacted the
640:Five Year Plan
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4908:Zhong Chibing
4906:
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4903:Zheng Weishan
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4888:Zhang Zuliang
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4879:
4878:Zhang Yixiang
4876:
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4873:Zhang Xianyue
4871:
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4868:Zhang Tianyun
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4853:Zhang Lingbin
4851:
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4828:Zhang Chiming
4826:
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4823:Zhang Caiqian
4821:
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4804:
4803:Zeng Shaoshan
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4763:Yang Meisheng
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4653:Wang Zonghuai
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4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4418:Liu Zhuanlian
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4393:Liu Xiansheng
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4348:Liao Rongbiao
4346:
4344:
4343:Liao Hansheng
4341:
4339:
4338:Liang Xingchu
4336:
4334:
4333:Liang Congxue
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4283:Kuang Rennong
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4263:Kong Congzhou
4261:
4259:
4258:Kang Zhiqiang
4256:
4254:
4253:Huang Zhiyong
4251:
4249:
4248:Huang Xinting
4246:
4244:
4243:Huang Huoxing
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4213:Han Liancheng
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4153:Ding Qiusheng
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4113:Chen Qingxian
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4103:Chang Qiankun
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4061:
4056:
4054:
4049:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3980:Zhang Chiming
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3965:Huang Kecheng
3963:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3924:Zhang Zongxun
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3904:Huang Kecheng
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3878:
3873:
3871:
3866:
3864:
3859:
3858:
3855:
3843:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3826:Wang Xiaohong
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3750:Chang Wanquan
3748:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3684:Zhou Yongkang
3682:
3680:
3679:Cao Gangchuan
3677:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3599:Chen Junsheng
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3558:Chen Junsheng
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3528:Wang Bingqian
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3492:Wang Bingqian
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3364:
3359:
3357:
3352:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3323:Zhang Guoqing
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3313:Ding Xuexiang
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3222:Zhang Dejiang
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3128:
3127:Jiang Chunyun
3125:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3081:
3078:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2894:
2891:
2886:
2885:Wang Renzhong
2883:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2819:Deng Xiaoping
2817:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2747:
2744:
2739:
2738:Deng Xiaoping
2736:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2709:
2704:
2701:
2696:
2693:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2665:
2662:
2657:
2654:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2638:
2633:
2630:
2625:
2624:Deng Xiaoping
2622:
2617:
2614:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2532:Deng Xiaoping
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2499:
2496:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2455:Deng Xiaoping
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2422:
2421:Deng Xiaoping
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2382:
2377:
2370:
2365:
2363:
2358:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2242:
2239:
2234:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2209:Deng Yingchao
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2091:Other members
2089:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2063:Wang Dongxing
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2051:Deng Xiaoping
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2039:Vice-Chairman
2036:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1836:Yang Shangkun
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1788:
1787:Liao Chengzhi
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1752:Song Renqiong
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:Yang Shangkun
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1727:Deng Yingchao
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1672:Other members
1670:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1647:Deng Xiaoping
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1541:
1540:
1539:Zhuang Zedong
1529:
1528:Liu Xiangping
1526:
1516:
1513:
1503:
1500:
1490:
1487:
1477:
1474:
1464:
1463:Zhong Fuxiang
1453:
1450:
1440:
1437:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1420:Qian Zhiguang
1410:
1407:
1397:
1386:
1375:
1372:
1362:
1359:
1349:
1346:
1336:
1333:
1323:
1320:
1310:
1307:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1278:
1267:
1264:
1254:
1243:
1232:
1229:
1219:
1208:
1205:
1195:
1192:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1071:Deng Xiaoping
1069:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:Vice Premiers
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1001:
1000:
997:
993:
991:
984:
980:
978:
976:
972:
970:
969:
961:
960:0-380-72025-6
957:
954:
950:
949:
936:
930:
926:
919:
912:
906:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
830:
824:
820:
816:
812:
805:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
765:
761:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
742:
734:
732:
727:
725:
721:
711:
709:
703:
701:
700:Deng Xiaoping
697:
692:
690:
685:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
643:
641:
636:
634:
630:
619:
617:
616:Iron Man Wang
611:
609:
603:
600:
599:
594:
593:
588:
584:
580:
570:
567:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
524:
522:
518:
514:
509:
507:
502:
500:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
469:
467:
463:
459:
456:(1970–1980),
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
427:Deng Xiaoping
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
402:
394:
390:
381:
377:
373:
370:
367:
363:
360:
357:
353:
349:
340:
336:
333:
329:
317:
313:
308:
304:
300:
294:
290:
286:
280:
275:
270:
267:
264:
258:
255:
252:
246:
240:
236:
230:
225:
222:
218:
215:
211:
207:
204:
200:
194:
189:
186:
182:
176:
171:
168:
163:
159:
155:
150:
143:
136:
131:
130:
125:
121:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
4948:Zhou Zhijian
4943:Zhou Yucheng
4933:Zhou Shiping
4913:Zhong Hanhua
4863:Zhang Renchu
4848:Zhang Jingwu
4843:Zhang Guohua
4818:Zhan Caifang
4813:Zeng Zesheng
4782:
4768:Yang Xiushan
4723:Xiao Xinhuai
4703:Xian Henghan
4633:Wang Jinshan
4618:Wang Daobang
4608:Wang Bicheng
4598:Tian Weiyang
4593:Teng Haiqing
4483:Peng Mingzhi
4473:Peng Jiaqing
4398:Liu Xingyuan
4363:Liu Daosheng
4298:Li Chengfang
4278:Kuang Fuzhao
4273:Kong Shiquan
4193:Fu Lianzhang
4138:Cheng Shikai
4123:Chen Xianrui
4015:Zhang Wentai
3985:Guo Linxiang
3969:
3831:Wu Zhenglong
3760:Guo Shengkun
3721:Meng Jianzhu
3689:Tang Jiaxuan
3652:Wang Zhongyu
3482:Zhang Aiping
3477:Zhang Jingfu
3435:Zhang Aiping
3430:Zhang Jingfu
3383:
3328:Liu Guozhong
3305:14th Cabinet
3271:13th Cabinet
3237:12th Cabinet
3205:11th Cabinet
3170:10th Cabinet
3130:(added 1995)
3122:(added 1995)
3083:(added 1991)
3075:(added 1991)
3041:(added 1986)
2976:Zhang Aiping
2971:Yang Jingren
2911:
2896:(added 1979)
2888:(added 1979)
2854:Chen Yonggui
2838:
2829:Xu Xiangqian
2792:
2774:Chen Yonggui
2682:Nie Rongzhen
2567:Nie Rongzhen
2501:(added 1956)
2493:(added 1956)
2490:Nie Rongzhen
2424:(added 1952)
2416:Huang Yanpei
2199:Xu Xiangqian
2189:Nie Rongzhen
2171:Chen Yonggui
2166:Zhang Tingfa
2160:
2094:
1850:
1777:Xu Xiangqian
1767:Nie Rongzhen
1757:Zhang Tingfa
1746:
1675:
1515:Zhou Rongxin
1476:Zhang Jingfu
1428:
1348:Li Chengfang
1298:
1277:Chen Shaokun
1206:
1177:Qiao Guanhua
1166:
1116:
1101:Chen Yonggui
987:
983:china.com.cn
982:
974:
952:
946:Bibliography
924:
918:
910:
905:
858:
810:
728:
717:
704:
696:Vice Premier
693:
686:
671:
655:Gang of Four
644:
637:
632:
625:
622:After Daqing
612:
604:
596:
590:
576:
562:
530:
510:
503:
475:
458:Vice Premier
439:
404:
388:
387:
343:(1999-02-03)
328:Ji'an County
278:
261:Succeeded by
228:
192:
174:
127:
120:Chinese name
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
5003:1999 deaths
4998:1914 births
4963:Zhuang Tian
4953:Zhu Huizhao
4928:Zhou Renjie
4923:Zhou Guanwu
4833:Zhang Dazhi
4798:Zeng Guohua
4748:Yan Fusheng
4668:Wen Yucheng
4648:Wang Zifeng
4628:Wang Huiqiu
4583:Tang Yanjie
4578:Tang Tianji
4553:Tan Guansan
4518:Rao Zhengxi
4513:Rao Shoukun
4453:Nie Fengzhi
4448:Ni Zhiliang
4428:Luo Shunchu
4408:Liu Zhijian
4388:Liu Shaowen
4383:Liu Peishan
4378:Liu Jinxuan
4373:Liu Haotian
4358:Liu Changyi
4353:Lin Weixian
4308:Li Tianhuan
4303:Li Shouxuan
4288:Kuang Yumin
4268:Kong Qingde
4223:Han Zhengji
4173:Dun Xingyun
4143:Cui Tianmin
4083:Bao Xianzhi
4010:Zhou Kunren
3995:Hong Xuezhi
3929:Hong Xuezhi
3909:Hong Xuezhi
3755:Yang Jiechi
3746:(dismissed)
3726:Dai Bingguo
3705:Liu Yandong
3674:Hua Jianmin
3641:Ismail Amat
3631:Chi Haotian
3609:Peng Peiyun
3604:Ismail Amat
3584:Chi Haotian
3563:Qian Qichen
3553:Chen Xitong
3461:Kang Shi'en
3404:Kang Shi'en
3284:Sun Chunlan
3250:Liu Yandong
3245:Zhang Gaoli
3227:Wang Qishan
3217:Hui Liangyu
3196:Hui Liangyu
3191:Zeng Peiyan
3180:(died 2007)
3151:Qian Qichen
3139:9th Cabinet
3109:Qian Qichen
3092:8th Cabinet
3050:7th Cabinet
3011:6th Cabinet
2958:Zhao Ziyang
2932:Kang Shi'en
2874:Kang Shi'en
2844:Chen Xilian
2824:Li Xiannian
2769:Hua Guofeng
2759:Chen Xilian
2754:Li Xiannian
2731:4th Cabinet
2722:(died 1972)
2714:(died 1969)
2703:Luo Ruiqing
2677:Tan Zhenlin
2672:Li Xiannian
2667:(died 1975)
2651:(died 1965)
2643:(died 1972)
2635:(died 1969)
2611:(died 1971)
2601:3rd Cabinet
2592:Xi Zhongxun
2587:Luo Ruiqing
2577:Tan Zhenlin
2562:Li Xiannian
2527:Peng Dehuai
2510:2nd Cabinet
2485:Li Xiannian
2450:Peng Dehuai
2433:1st Cabinet
2265:Zhao Ziyang
2233:Zhao Ziyang
2176:Chen Xilian
2122:Liu Bocheng
2107:Wei Guoqing
2081:Zhao Ziyang
2057:Li Xiannian
2045:Ye Jianying
2041:afterwards)
2031:Hua Guofeng
2014:(1977–1982)
1811:Xi Zhongxun
1712:Wei Guoqing
1702:Xi Zhongxun
1658:Li Xiannian
1652:Zhao Ziyang
1641:Ye Jianying
1616:(1982–1987)
1396:Kang Shi'en
1385:Xu Jinqiang
1290:Li Shuiqing
1231:Hua Guofeng
1194:Ye Jianying
1096:Hua Guofeng
1086:Chen Xilian
1081:Li Xiannian
1052:Hua Guofeng
689:Kang Shi'en
663:Tan Zhenlin
598:On Practice
511:During the
355:Nationality
297:Preceded by
249:Preceded by
243:Hua Guofeng
214:Zhao Ziyang
210:Hua Guofeng
124:family name
96:August 2015
4987:Categories
4938:Zhou Xihan
4893:Zhao Qimin
4883:Zhang Zhen
4793:Yuan Ziqin
4758:Yang Guofu
4753:Yan Kuiyao
4733:Xu Binzhou
4698:Wu Xinquan
4693:Wu Xian'en
4643:Wang Zheng
4623:Wang Enmao
4563:Tan Jiashu
4538:Sun Jixian
4523:Rao Zijian
4508:Qiu Huizuo
4488:Pi Dingjun
4463:Ouyang Wen
4458:Nie Heting
4433:Luo Yuanfa
4403:Liu Xiyuan
4328:Liang Biye
4323:Li Zuopeng
4203:Guo Huaruo
4198:Gan Weihan
4183:Fang Qiang
4178:Fan Chaoli
4148:Deng Yifan
4118:Chen Renqi
4098:Cao Lihuai
4093:Cai Shunli
4088:Bi Zhanyun
4000:Liu Anyuan
3949:Zhao Keshi
3939:Fu Quanyou
3934:Zhao Nanqi
3919:Zhang Zhen
3914:Qiu Huizuo
3899:Yang Lisan
3836:Shen Yiqin
3821:Li Shangfu
3803:Zhao Kezhi
3783:Wei Fenghe
3668:Chen Zhili
3594:Li Guixian
3579:Li Tieying
3548:Li Guixian
3543:Zou Jiahua
3518:Li Tieying
3487:Wu Xueqian
3472:Ji Pengfei
3466:Chen Muhua
3420:Ji Pengfei
3409:Chen Muhua
3290:Hu Chunhua
3212:Li Keqiang
3161:Wen Jiabao
3156:Wu Bangguo
3146:Li Lanqing
3119:Wu Bangguo
3114:Li Lanqing
3104:Zou Jiahua
3099:Zhu Rongji
3080:Zhu Rongji
3072:Zou Jiahua
3067:Wu Xueqian
3062:Tian Jiyun
3033:Tian Jiyun
2953:Ji Pengfei
2937:Chen Muhua
2879:Chen Muhua
2834:Ji Dengkui
2779:Wu Guixian
2764:Ji Dengkui
2648:Ke Qingshi
2537:Deng Zihui
2460:Deng Zihui
2260:Chen Muhua
2217:Hu Yaobang
2204:Peng Chong
2148:Li Desheng
2140:Su Zhenhua
2132:Ji Dengkui
2075:Hu Yaobang
1909:Chen Muhua
1846:Wu Xueqian
1841:Yang Dezhi
1821:Tian Jiyun
1742:Yang Dezhi
1732:Li Desheng
1690:(Sep 1985)
1631:Hu Yaobang
1502:Yu Huiyong
1361:Bian Jiang
1335:Wang Zheng
1106:Wu Guixian
1091:Ji Dengkui
1048:Zhou Enlai
889:1145096137
737:References
708:Bohai Gulf
678:Zhou Enlai
674:Red Guards
587:Mao Zedong
494:Kuomintang
490:Long March
423:Mao Zedong
419:Long March
321:1914-11-15
291:Zhou Enlai
241:Zhou Enlai
206:Zhou Enlai
66:newspapers
55:"Yu Qiuli"
4918:Zhou Biao
4898:Zhao Rong
4838:Zhang Fan
4808:Zeng Siyu
4743:Xu Shenji
4738:Xu Liqing
4728:Xie Youfa
4688:Wu Ruilin
4678:Wu Fushan
4673:Wu Faxian
4573:Tang Ping
4568:Tan Xilin
4548:Tan Furen
4498:Qin Jiwei
4468:Ouyang Yi
4438:Mo Wenhua
4413:Liu Zhong
4313:Li Xuesan
4233:He Dequan
4133:Cheng Jun
4108:Chen Kang
4066:Founding
4005:Zhou Keyu
3990:Wang Ping
3892:Directors
3788:Wang Yong
3765:Wang Yong
3744:Yang Jing
3589:Song Jian
3538:Wang Fang
3533:Song Jian
3523:Qin Jiwei
3502:Song Jian
3497:Song Ping
3425:Huang Hua
3389:Geng Biao
3318:He Lifeng
3279:Han Zheng
3256:Wang Yang
3057:Yao Yilin
3023:Yao Yilin
3002:Yao Yilin
2981:Huang Hua
2948:Yao Yilin
2917:Geng Biao
2864:Wang Zhen
2849:Geng Biao
2788:Wang Zhen
2719:Xie Fuzhi
2695:Lu Dingyi
2664:Li Fuchun
2582:Lu Dingyi
2557:Li Fuchun
2480:Li Fuchun
2411:Guo Moruo
2401:Dong Biwu
2241:Peng Zhen
2225:Wang Zhen
2184:Geng Biao
2127:Xu Shiyou
1904:Qin Jiwei
1896:Yao Yilin
1876:Peng Zhen
1866:Yao Yilin
1856:Hu Qiaomu
1782:Peng Zhen
1762:Hu Qiaomu
1707:Wang Zhen
1573:♀: female
1561:Politburo
1374:Wang Yang
1309:Liu Xiyao
1181:Huang Hua
1149:Ministers
1112:Wang Zhen
897:218936313
698:, as was
595:and with
533:Southwest
501:in 1984.
411:Communist
279:In office
266:Yao Yilin
254:Li Fuchun
229:In office
193:In office
175:In office
4958:Zhu Ming
4783:Yu Qiuli
4778:Yu Lijin
4683:Wu Kehua
4588:Tao Yong
4558:Tan Jian
4493:Qian Jun
4478:Peng Lin
4423:Lu Sheng
4238:Hu Qicai
4228:He Cheng
4208:Guo Peng
4025:Liu Yuan
4020:Sun Dafa
3975:Li Jukui
3970:Yu Qiuli
3842:Qin Gang
3798:Xiao Jie
3384:Yu Qiuli
3177:Huang Ju
3038:Qiao Shi
2912:Yu Qiuli
2893:Chen Yun
2839:Yu Qiuli
2803:Sun Jian
2793:Yu Qiuli
2616:Chen Yun
2608:Lin Biao
2522:Lin Biao
2517:Chen Yun
2445:Lin Biao
2440:Chen Yun
2406:Chen Yun
2194:Ni Zhifu
2161:Yu Qiuli
2069:Chen Yun
2035:Chairman
1871:Ni Zhifu
1851:Yu Qiuli
1826:Qiao Shi
1772:Ni Zhifu
1747:Yu Qiuli
1663:Chen Yun
1489:Fan Ziyu
1322:Li Jitai
1266:Sha Feng
1242:Li Qiang
1207:Yu Qiuli
1127:Sun Jian
1117:Yu Qiuli
653:and the
633:de facto
541:Infantry
448:and the
433:and the
406:Yú Qiūlǐ
389:Yu Qiuli
378:Liu Suge
301:Li Jukui
139:Yu Qiuli
118:In this
4773:Yao Zhe
4658:Wei Jie
4533:Su Jing
4368:Liu Fei
4218:Han Wei
4168:Du Yide
4163:Du Ping
4070:of the
3944:Wang Ke
3793:Wang Yi
3636:Luo Gan
3615:Luo Gan
3451:Fang Yi
3415:Bo Yibo
3394:Fang Yi
3028:Li Peng
2943:Bo Yibo
2922:Fang Yi
2859:Fang Yi
2711:Tao Zhu
2687:Bo Yibo
2640:Chen Yi
2632:He Long
2572:Bo Yibo
2547:Chen Yi
2542:He Long
2498:Bo Yibo
2470:Chen Yi
2465:He Long
2117:Fang Yi
1861:Hu Qili
1831:Li Peng
1816:Fang Yi
1722:Fang Yi
1253:Fang Yi
1042:Premier
659:Chen Yi
545:Beijing
537:Sichuan
521:Qinghai
482:Jiangxi
444:in the
393:Chinese
359:Chinese
350:, China
348:Beijing
332:Jiangxi
288:Premier
238:Premier
202:Premier
80:scholar
4603:Wan Yi
4543:Sun Yi
4318:Li Yao
4293:Lai Yi
3711:Ma Kai
3295:Liu He
3261:Ma Kai
3018:Wan Li
2997:Wan Li
2966:Wan Li
2656:Ulanhu
2552:Ulanhu
2475:Ulanhu
2112:Ulanhu
1806:Wan Li
1717:Ulanhu
1697:Wan Li
1452:Ye Fei
1439:Wan Li
958:
931:
895:
887:
877:
825:
762:
566:Daqing
403::
401:pinyin
395::
375:Spouse
129:Yu (余)
122:, the
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
3646:Wu Yi
3456:Gu Mu
3399:Gu Mu
3185:Wu Yi
2927:Gu Mu
2869:Gu Mu
2798:Gu Mu
2153:Wu De
2024:(PSC)
1218:Gu Mu
1122:Gu Mu
893:S2CID
478:Ji'an
87:JSTOR
73:books
2381:list
2336:20th
2332:19th
2328:18th
2324:17th
2320:16th
2316:15th
2312:14th
2308:13th
2304:12th
2300:11th
2296:10th
1972:20th
1968:19th
1964:18th
1960:17th
1956:16th
1952:15th
1948:14th
1944:13th
1940:12th
1936:11th
1932:10th
1142:None
1025:4th
956:ISBN
929:ISBN
885:OCLC
875:ISBN
823:ISBN
760:ISBN
661:and
425:and
338:Died
315:Born
59:news
2292:9th
2288:8th
2284:7th
2095:in
1928:9th
1924:8th
1920:7th
1676:in
1060:12
981:on
973:on
867:doi
397:余秋里
146:余秋里
126:is
42:by
4989::
2781:♀
1535:29
1522:28
1509:27
1496:26
1483:25
1470:24
1459:23
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1433:21
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1392:18
1381:17
1368:16
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1342:14
1329:13
1316:12
1303:11
1284:10
1179:→
1050:→
891:.
883:.
873:.
865:.
837:^
821:.
813:.
771:^
745:^
702:.
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555:.
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508:.
480:,
437:.
399:;
330:,
4059:e
4052:t
4045:v
3876:e
3869:t
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3838:♀
3707:♀
3670:♀
3648:♀
3611:♀
3468:♀
3411:♀
3362:e
3355:t
3348:v
3286:♀
3252:♀
3187:♀
2939:♀
2881:♀
2383:)
2379:(
2368:e
2361:t
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2334:→
2330:→
2326:→
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2033:(
2004:e
1997:t
1990:v
1970:→
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1950:→
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1934:→
1930:→
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1633:(
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1185:0
1171:1
1168:0
1108:♀
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