1702:), characterised by dry and scaly skin covering the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and back. The first symptom to appear is usually dry, peeling skin; some Pacific Islanders deliberately consume large quantities of kava for several weeks in order to get the peeling effect, resulting in a layer of new skin. These effects appeared at consumption levels between 31 grams (1.1 oz) to 440 grams (0.97 lb) a week of kava powder. Despite numerous studies, the mechanism that causes kava dermopathy is poorly understood "but may relate to interference with cholesterol metabolism". The condition is easily treatable with abstinence or lowering of kava intake as the skin appears to be returning to its normal state within a couple of weeks of reduced or no kava use. Kava dermopathy should not be confused with rare instances of allergic reactions to kava that are usually characterised by itchy rash or puffy face.
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774:, which are not present in any significant concentration in the noble varieties), have led to legislation prohibiting exports from countries such as Vanuatu. Likewise, efforts have been made to educate non-traditional customers about the difference between noble and non-noble varieties and that non-noble varieties do not offer the same results as noble cultivars. In recent years, government regulatory bodies and non-profit NGOs have been set up with the declared aim of monitoring kava quality; producing regular reports; certifying vendors selling proper, noble kava; and warning customers against products that may contain tudei varieties.
55:
930:. As noted by the Kava Society of New Zealand, "in all likelihood, the kava plant was known to the first settlers of Aotearoa . It is also possible that (just like the Polynesian migrants that settled in Hawaii) the Maori explorers brought some kava with them. Unfortunately, most of New Zealand is simply too cold for growing kava and hence the Maori settlers lost their connection to the sacred plant." Further, "in New Zealand, where the climate is too cold for kava, the Maori gave the name kawa-kawa to another
1856:
pharmaceutical preparations are currently prescription drugs. Furthermore, patient and professional information brochures have been redesigned to warn about potential side effects. These strict measures have been opposed by some of the leading kava scientists. In early 2016, a court case was filed against the
Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM/German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices), arguing that the new regulatory regime is too strict and not justified.
76:
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lateral root. Crown roots are the large-diameter pieces that look like 1.5 to 5 inches (38 to 127 mm)-diameter wooden poker chips. Most kava plants consist of approximately 80% crown root upon harvesting. Lateral roots are smaller-diameter roots that look more like a typical root. A mature kava plant is about 20% lateral roots. Kava lateral roots have the highest content of kavalactones in the kava plant. "Waka" grade kava is made of lateral roots only.
1376:
934:, in memory of the kava plants they undoubtedly brought with them and unsuccessfully attempted to cultivate. The Maori word kawa also means "ceremonial protocol", recalling the stylized consumption of the drug typical of Polynesian societies". Kawakawa is commonly used in Maori traditional medicine for the treatment of skin infections, wounds, and cuts, and (when prepared as a tea) for stomach upsets and other minor illnesses.
1681:: One of levodopa's chronic side effects that Parkinson's patients experience is the "on-off phenomenon" of motor fluctuations, where there will be periods of oscillations between "on", where the patient experiences symptomatic relief, and "off", where the therapeutic effect wears off early. When taking levodopa and kava together, it has been shown that there is an increased frequency of this "on-off phenomenon".
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water extractions prepared from these roots) can legally be sold as food or dietary supplements in New
Zealand. The aerial parts of the plant (growing up and out of the ground), unlike the roots, contain relatively small amounts of kavalactones; instead, they contain a mildly toxic alkaloid, pipermethysticine. While not normally consumed, the sale of aerial plant sections and non-water based extract (such as CO
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such as the cultivar used (and the related specific composition of kavalactones), age of the plant, and method of consumption. However, it can be stated that in general, noble kava produces a state of calmness, relaxation, and well-being without diminishing cognitive performance. Kava may produce an initial talkative period, followed by muscle relaxation and eventual sleepiness.
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allowed, under licence for medical or scientific purposes. These restrictions were introduced in 2007 after concern about abuse of kava in indigenous communities. Initially, the import limit was 2 kg per person; it was raised to 4 kg in
December 2019, and a pilot program allowing for commercial importation was implemented on 1 December 2021.
1470:, an important liver-protecting compound. Another group of researchers noted: "The extraction process (aqueous vs. acetone in the two types of preparations) is responsible for the difference in toxicity as extraction of glutathione in addition to the kava lactones is important to provide protection against hepatotoxicity".
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Adverse reactions may result from the poor quality of kava raw material used in the manufacturing of various kava products. In addition to the potential for hepatotoxicity, adverse reactions from chronic use may include visual impairment, rashes or dermatitis, seizures, weight loss, and malnutrition,
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Tudei varieties have traditionally not been grown in Hawaii and Fiji, but in recent years there have been reports of farmers attempting to grow "isa" or "palisi" non-noble cultivars in Hawaii, and of imports of dried tudei kava into Fiji for further re-exporting. The tudei cultivars may be easier and
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The perceived benefits of noble cultivars explain why only these cultivars were spread around the
Pacific by Polynesian and Melanesian migrants, with presence of non-noble cultivars limited to the islands of Vanuatu, from which they originated. More recently, it has been suggested that the widespread
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advises against the consumption of ethanolic and acetonic kavalactone extracts, and says that "products should be developed from water-based suspensions of kava". The government of
Australia prohibits the sales of such kavalactone extracts, and only permits the sale of kava products in their natural
1001:
The mature roots of the kava plant are harvested after a minimum of four years (at least five years, ideally) for peak kavalactone content. Most kava plants produce around 50 kg (110 lb) of root when they are harvested. Kava root is classified into two categories: crown root (or chips) and
1790:
In
Australia, the supply of kava is regulated through the National Code of Kava Management. Travellers to Australia are allowed to bring up to 4 kg of kava in their baggage, provided they are at least 18 years old and the kava is in root or dried form. Commercial import of larger quantities is
782:
In
Vanuatu, exportation of kava is strictly regulated. Only cultivars classified as noble are allowed to be exported. Only the most desirable cultivars for everyday drinking are classified as noble to maintain quality control. In addition, their laws mandate that exported kava must be at least five
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The nature of effects will largely depend on the cultivar of the kava plant and the form of its consumption. Traditionally, only noble kava cultivars have been consumed, as they are accepted as safe and produce desired effects. The specific effects of various noble kavas depend on various factors,
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While some bars have been committed to only serving the traditional forms and types of kava, other establishments have been accused of serving non-traditionally consumed non-noble kava varieties, which are cheaper but far more likely to cause unpleasant effects and adverse reactions, or of serving
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Also, "chemical solvents used do not extract the same compounds as the natural water extracts in traditional use. The extraction process may exclude important modifying constituents soluble only in water". In particular, it has been noted that, unlike traditional water-based preparations, products
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When used traditionally, kava is regulated as a food under the Food
Standards Code. Kava may also be used as an herbal remedy, where it is currently regulated by the Dietary Supplements Regulations. Only traditionally consumed forms and parts of the kava plant (i.e., pure roots of the kava plant,
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to reconsider the evidence base for banning kava-based pharmaceutical products. On 10 June 2014, the German
Administrative Court overturned the 2002 ban, making selling kava as a medicine legal (personal possession of kava has never been illegal), albeit strictly regulated. In Germany, kava-based
1402:, especially among young men, and often brings people together for storytelling and socializing. Drinking grog for a few hours brings a numbing and relaxing effect to the drinker; grog also numbs the tongue, and grog drinking typically is followed by a "chaser" or sweet or spicy snack to follow a
1866:
Until August 2018, Poland was the only EU country with an "outright ban on kava" and where the mere possession of kava was prohibited and may have resulted in a prison sentence. Under the new legislation, kava is no longer listed among prohibited substances and it is therefore legal to possess,
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In general, kavalactone content is greatest in the roots and decreases higher up the plant into the stems and leaves. Relative concentrations of 15%, 10%, and 5% have been observed in the root, stump, and basal stems, respectively. The relative content of kavalactones depends not only on plant
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One group of scholars say that organic solvents introduce compounds that may affect the liver into the standardized product; these compounds are not extracted by water and are consequently largely absent from kava prepared with water. For instance, when compared with water extraction, organic
1567:
As noted in one of the earliest
Western publications on kava (1886): "A well prepared Kava potion drunk in small quantities produces only pleasant changes in behavior. It is therefore a slightly stimulating drink which helps relieve great fatigue. It relaxes the body after strenuous efforts,
711:
Traditionally, plants are harvested around four years of age, as older plants have higher concentrations of kavalactones. After reaching about 2 metres (6.6 ft) in height, plants grow a wider stalk and additional stalks, but not much taller. The roots can reach a depth of 60 centimetres
1357:
Kava prepared as described above is much more potent than processed kava. Chewing produces the strongest effect because it produces the finest particles. Fresh, undried kava produces a stronger beverage than dry kava. The strength also depends on the species and techniques of cultivation.
759:). Traditionally, only noble kavas have been used for regular consumption, due to their more favourable composition of kavalactones and other compounds that produce more pleasant effects and have lower potential for causing negative side effects, such as nausea, or "kava hangover".
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which have been acclimated and adapted to grow well in South Florida's unique soil and climate and have significant resistance to pest and disease pressures. As of 2024, cultivation of these varieties is limited to a small number of commercial farms and backyard growers.
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Alcohol: It has been reported that combined use of alcohol and kava extract can have additive sedative effects. Regarding cognitive function, kava has been shown to have additive cognitive impairments while taken with alcohol when compared to taking placebo and alcohol
1612:
On the basis of research findings and long history of safe use across the South Pacific, experts recommend using water-based extractions of high-quality peeled rhizome and roots of the noble kava cultivars to minimize the potential of adverse reactions to chronic use.
1910:
The Pacific island-state of Vanuatu has passed legislation to regulate the quality of its kava exports. Vanuatu prohibits the export or consumption of non-noble kava varieties or the parts of the plant that are unsuitable for consumption (such as leaves and stems).
743:. Today it comprises hundreds of different cultivars grown across the Pacific. Each cultivar has not only different requirements for successful cultivation, but also displays unique characteristics both in terms of its appearance and its psychoactive properties.
1494:
926:) plant, known also as "Māori kava", may be confused with kava. While the two plants look similar and have similar names, they are different, but related, species. Kawakawa is a small tree endemic to New Zealand, having importance to traditional medicine and
2294:
Kuchta K, Schmidt M, Nahrstedt A (1 December 2015). "German Kava Ban Lifted by Court: The Alleged Hepatotoxicity of Kava (Piper methysticum) as a Case of Ill-Defined Herbal Drug Identity, Lacking Quality Control, and Misguided Regulatory Politics".
1346:. The ground root/bark is combined with only a little water, as the fresh root releases moisture during grinding. Pounding is done in a large stone with a small log. The product is then added to cold water and consumed as quickly as possible.
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Following discussions on the safety of certain pharmaceutical products derived from kava and sold in Germany, the EU imposed a temporary ban on imports of kava-based pharmaceutical products in 2002. The sale of kava plant became regulated in
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1863:, it is a criminal offence to sell, supply, or import any medicinal product containing kava for human consumption. It is legal to possess kava for personal use or to import it for purposes other than human consumption (e.g., for animals).
1831:. Some Pacific Island States who had been benefiting from the export of kava to the pharmaceutical companies have attempted to overturn the EU ban on kava-based pharmaceutical products by invoking international trade agreements at the
852:
kavain. This sacred variety was so important to them that no one but royalty could ever experience it, "lest they suffer an untimely death". The reverence for Hiwa in old Hawaiʻi is evident in this portion of a chant recorded by
1809:
in the 2000s, the Western Australian Health Department announced the lifting of the ban in February 2017, bringing Western Australia "into line with other States" where it has always remained legal, albeit closely regulated.
763:
use of tudei cultivars in the manufacturing of several kava products might have been the key factor contributing to the rare reports of adverse reactions to kava observed among the consumers of kava-based products in Europe.
1477:, non-noble kava varieties, or plants affected by mold — which, in light of the chemical solvents' ability to extract far greater amounts of the potentially toxic compounds than water, makes them particularly problematic.
2910:
1519:
Kava is used for medicinal, religious, political, cultural, and social purposes throughout the Pacific. These cultures have a great respect for the plant and place a high importance on it. In Fiji, for example, a formal
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of kavalactone droplets in starch. The taste is slightly pungent, while the distinctive aroma depends on whether it was prepared from dry or fresh plant, and on the variety. The colour is grey to tan to opaque greenish.
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Recent usage of kava has been documented in forensic investigations by quantitation of kavain in blood specimens. The principal urinary metabolite, conjugated 4'-OH-kavain, is generally detectable for up to 48 hours.
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itself. Due to the importance of kava in religious rituals and the seemingly (from the Western point of view) unhygienic preparation method, its consumption was discouraged or even banned by Christian missionaries.
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and quoted by E. S. Craighill and Elizabeth Green Handy: "This refers to the cup of sacramental ʻawa brewed from the strong, black ʻawa root (ʻawa hiwa), which was drunk sacramentally by the kumu hula":
4169:
Sarris J, Stough C, Teschke R, et al. (1 November 2013). "Kava for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder RCT: Analysis of Adverse Reactions, Liver Function, Addiction, and Sexual Effects".
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There is limited safety information available on the effects of kava consumption, but in general, moderate consumption appears unlikely to be harmful, while there is evidence of harm from heavy use.
882:
Pukui and Elbert translated this as "a knowledge from kava offerings". Winter explains that ʻawa, especially of the Hiwa variety, was offered to hula deities in return for knowledge and inspiration.
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solvents extract vastly larger amounts of flavokavains, compounds associated with adverse reactions to kava that are present in very low concentrations in noble kava, but significant in non-noble.
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1883:, acetonic, or ethanol extractions) is prohibited for the purpose of human consumption (but can be sold as an ingredient in cosmetics or other products not intended for human consumption).
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It has also been argued that kavalactone extracts have often been made from low-quality plant material, including the toxic aerial parts of the plant that contain the hepatotoxic alkaloid
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2158:"Kavalactone content and chemotype of kava beverages prepared from roots and rhizomes of Isa and Mahakea varieties and extraction efficiency of kavalactones using different solvents"
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5194:"Standard 2.6.3 – Kava – Food Standards (Proposal P1025 – Code Revision) Variation—Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code – Amendment No. 154 - 2015-gs1906 - New Zealand Gazette"
1902:
issued a Consumer Advisory: "Kava-Containing Dietary Supplements May be Associated with Severe Liver Injury". No legal action was taken, and this advisory has since been archived.
751:
Scholars make a distinction between the so-called noble and non-noble kava. The latter category comprises the so-called tudei (or "two-day") kavas, medicinal kavas, and wild kava (
8385:
8370:
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The concerns about the adverse effects of non-noble varieties, produced by their undesirable composition of kavalactones and high concentrations of potentially harmful compounds (
3921:
Lebot V, Do TK, Legendre L (15 May 2014). "Detection of flavokavins (A, B, C) in cultivars of kava (Piper methysticum) using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)".
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1394:, made by pounding sun-dried kava root into a fine powder, straining and mixing it with cold water. Traditionally, grog is drunk from the shorn half-shell of a coconut, called a
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Moderate consumption of kava in its traditional form, i.e., as a water-based suspension of kava roots, has been deemed to present an "acceptably low level of health risk" by the
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issued an order prohibiting the sale of any product containing kava. While the restrictions on kava were lifted in 2012, Health Canada lists five kava ingredients as of 2017.
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Anxiolytics (CNS depressants such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates): Kava may have potential additive CNS depressant effects (such as sedation and anxiolytic effects) with
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Receptor binding assays with botanical extracts have revealed direct interactions of leaf extracts of kava (which appear to be more active than root extracts) with the
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5098:"Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 17 sierpnia 2018 r. w sprawie wykazu substancji psychotropowych, środków odurzających oraz nowych substancji psychoaktywnych"
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1334:. Traditionally, it is prepared by either chewing, grinding, or pounding the roots of the kava plant. Grinding is done by hand against a cone-shaped block of dead
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3646:"Flavokawain B, the hepatotoxic constituent from kava root, induces GSH-sensitive oxidative stress through modulation of IKK/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways"
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Ligresti A, Villano R, Allarà M, et al. (2012). "Kavalactones and the endocannabinoid system: the plant-derived yangonin is a novel CB₁ receptor ligand".
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In the Netherlands, for unknown reasons, the ban was never lifted, and it is still prohibited to prepare, manufacture, or trade kava or goods containing kava.
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1524:(kava) ceremony will often accompany important social, political, or religious functions, usually involving a ritual presentation of the bundled roots as a
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Baum SS, Hill R, Rommelspacher H (1998). "Effect of kava extract and individual kavapyrones on neurotransmitter levels in the nucleus accumbens of rats".
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803:. In Vanuatu, Tudei ("two-day") kava is reserved for special ceremonial occasions and exporting it is not allowed. "Palisi" is a popular Tudei variety.
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Showman AF, Baker JD, Linares C, et al. (1 January 2015). "Contemporary Pacific and Western perspectives on 'awa (Piper methysticum) toxicology".
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Garrett KM, Basmadjian G, Khan IA, et al. (2003). "Extracts of kava (Piper methysticum) induce acute anxiolytic-like behavioral changes in mice".
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and peripheral effects. As noted in one literature review: "Peripherally, kava is indicated in traditional Pacific medicine for urogenital conditions (
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cheaper to grow: while it takes up to 5 years for noble kava to mature, non-noble varieties can often be harvested just one year after being planted.
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610:. It was exploited by the Māori based on previous knowledge of the kava, as the latter could not survive in the colder climates of New Zealand. The
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Lebot V, Lèvesque J (1 January 1989). "The origin and distribution of kava (Piper methysticum Forst. F., Piperaceae): A phytochemical approach".
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In Vanuatu, a strong kava drink is normally followed by a hot meal or tea. The meal traditionally follows some time after the drink so that the
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Showman AF, Baker JD, Linares C, et al. (2015). "Contemporary Pacific and Western perspectives on 'awa (Piper methysticum) toxicology".
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Fijian kava ceremony being performed for tourists (2015). Traditionally, kava grog is drunk from the shorn half-shell of a coconut, called a
5240:
1770:, with significant subtlety and nuance attending the precise strain, plant component (leaf, stem, root) and preparative method to be used".
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effects the plant can produce. Changes in the activity of 5-HT neurons could explain the sleep-inducing action. However, failure of the GABA
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1067:, have been determined to be responsible for about 96% of the plant's pharmacological activity. Some minor constituents, including three
385:, or excessive amounts of poor-quality kava products, may be linked to an increased risk of adverse health outcomes, including potential
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Brown AC (September 2017). "Liver toxicity related to herbs and dietary supplements: Online table of case reports. Part 2 of 5 series".
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Kraft M, Spahn TW, Menzel J, et al. (2001). "Fulminantes Leberversagen nach Einnahme des pflanzlichen Antidepressivums Kava-Kava".
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Heathcote GM, Diego VP, Ishida H, et al. (2012). "An osteobiography of a remarkable protohistoric Chamorro man from Taga, Tinian".
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Jappe U, Franke I, Reinhold D, et al. (1998). "Sebotropic drug reaction resulting from kava-kava extract therapy: A new entity?".
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LaPorte E, Sarris J, Stough C, et al. (1 March 2011). "Neurocognitive effects of kava (Piper methysticum): a systematic review".
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Several adverse interactions with drugs have been documented, both prescription and nonprescription — including, but not limited to,
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With kava's increasing popularity, bars serving the plant in its liquid state are beginning to open up outside of the South Pacific.
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4911:"Besluit van 23 april 2003, houdende wijziging van het Warenwetbesluit Kruidenpreparaten (verbod op Kava kava in kruidenpreparaten)"
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Dinh LD, Simmen U, Bueter KB, et al. (2001). "Interaction of various Piper methysticum cultivars with CNS receptors in vitro".
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segment but also on the kava plant variety, plant maturity, geographic location, and time of harvest. The kavalactones present are
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Cairney S., Maruff P., Clough A. R., et al. (2003). "Saccade and cognitive impairment associated with kava intoxication".
5370:"UNODC - Bulletin on Narcotics: The narcotic pepper - The chemistry and pharmacology of Piper methysticum and related species"
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Despite its psychoactive effects, kava is not considered to be physically addictive and its use does not lead to dependency.
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Olsen LR, Grillo MP, Skonberg C (2011). "Constituents in kava extracts potentially involved in hepatotoxicity: a review".
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1718:— sleep-inducing, and sleep-enhancing properties. Preliminary analysis of kava effects in people with short-term
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Sarris J, LaPorte E, Schweitzer I (2011). "Kava: a comprehensive review of efficacy, safety, and psychopharmacology".
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import, and consume the plant, but it remains illegal to sell it within Poland for the purpose of human consumption.
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640:
has no psychoactive properties. Its connection to kava is linked to its similarity in appearance and bitter taste.
473:
19932:
18970:
12592:
12412:
10896:
8799:
8608:
7429:
4118:
Kava: Medicine Hunting in Paradise: The Pursuit of a Natural Alternative to Anti-Anxiety Drugs and Sleeping Pills
3897:
Kava: Medicine Hunting in Paradise: The Pursuit of a Natural Alternative to Anti-Anxiety Drugs and Sleeping Pills
3244:
Herbal Supplements: Efficacy, Toxicity, Interactions with Western Drugs, and Effects on Clinical Laboratory Tests
1043:(or kavapyrones) have been identified to date, at least 15 of which are active. However, six of them, including
20203:
18895:
10821:
8342:
8299:
8180:
7571:
7230:
5440:
4624:
Wheatley D (1 June 2001). "Stress-induced insomnia treated with kava and valerian: singly and in combination".
1758:, difficulty urinating), reproductive and women's health (...), gastrointestinal upsets, respiratory ailments (
653:
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4921:
2209:
15542:
13159:
12889:
9087:
8450:
8198:
8140:
8125:
8097:
8054:
5384:
3706:
Whitton PA, Lau A, Salisbury A, et al. (1 October 2003). "Kava lactones and the kava-kava controversy".
1152:
1083:— have also been identified, as well as a toxic alkaloid (not present in the consumable parts of the plant),
7406:
2398:
1241:
effects of kava, while elevation of dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens likely underlie the moderately
18093:
16587:
13958:
10868:
10048:
9643:
9319:
9229:
9047:
9032:
9004:
8961:
8445:
8064:
7617:
2272:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization, Rome, Italy. 2016.
1439:
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20168:
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8229:
8160:
8120:
7984:
7581:
7556:
7207:
7102:
6752:
5218:
3434:
Viorica LA (1997). "Supercritical fluid extraction of kava lactones from Piper methysticum (kava) herb".
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3408:
20223:
20218:
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19073:
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17803:
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10437:
9115:
9067:
9027:
8673:
8155:
8135:
7717:
7424:
6857:
6671:
4973:
3535:
2657:"Is the Quality of Kava (Piper methysticum Forst. f.) Responsible for Different Geographical Patterns?"
1458:
Numerous scholars and regulatory bodies have raised concerns over the safety profile of such products.
7442:
5410:
783:
years old and farmed organically. Their most popular noble cultivars are "Borogu" or "Borongoru" from
20158:
20153:
20138:
20012:
19971:
19093:
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17808:
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20143:
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9648:
9329:
8562:
8044:
7941:
7860:
7770:
7437:
6834:
6648:
5318:
5315:"Consumer Advisory: Kava-Containing Dietary Supplements May be Associated with Severe Liver Injury"
4461:
Izzo AA, Ernst E. Interactions between herbal medicines and prescribed drugs: a systematic review"
898:
854:
477:
19989:
3117:
Singh YN, Singh NN (2002). "Therapeutic potential of kava in the treatment of anxiety disorders".
75:
20163:
19859:
19643:
19058:
17682:
17464:
13772:
13708:
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10596:
9813:
9404:
9175:
8951:
8854:
8455:
8259:
7904:
7657:
4345:
Spinella M (2002). "The importance of pharmacological synergy in psychoactive herbal medicines".
4064:
Baker JD (1 June 2011). "Tradition and toxicity: evidential cultures in the kava safety debate".
1755:
20051:
7263:
2426:
486:, used to make a similar mildly psychoactive bitter drink in Austronesian rituals. Cognates for
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19794:
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17459:
17358:
14189:
13576:
13512:
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10959:
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9858:
9638:
9591:
9224:
9107:
8884:
8710:
8510:
8465:
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8014:
7977:
7606:
7529:
7401:
6967:
6906:
6720:
5680:
5150:
1955:
1747:
461:
250:
17:
5404:
4751:
1260:
Heavy, long-term use of kava has been found to be free of association with reduced ability in
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16921:
16534:
16212:
13540:
13441:
10875:
10123:
9214:
9181:
8921:
8849:
8643:
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8245:
8029:
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7677:
7601:
7596:
7475:
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6888:
6702:
5046:
3787:. Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific. pp. 17–20.
3242:
2121:
1997:
632:
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in the sense of a "bitter root" or "potent root ". It may have been related to reconstructed
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37:
7737:
7298:
20118:
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16681:
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8715:
8653:
8633:
8618:
8515:
8395:
8175:
8079:
8000:
7037:
6555:
4477:"Originally published as Volume 1, Issue 8703Kava-induced dermopathy: a niacin deficiency?"
3715:
1739:
423:
18438:
17781:
16647:
15406:
4256:
Teschke R, Schulze J (2010). "Risk of Kava Hepatotoxicity and the FDA Consumer Advisory".
1189:
1185:
588:
of the base form is indicative of falsehood or likeness, in the sense of "false kava". In
8:
20128:
19766:
19352:
19198:
19158:
18485:
18304:
18284:
17582:
17544:
17499:
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8074:
7611:
7504:
6523:
6518:
6085:
5642:
2691:
Teschke R, Lebot V (1 October 2011). "Proposal for a Kava Quality Standardization Code".
2123:
Kava: The Pacific Elixir: The Definitive Guide to Its Ethnobotany, History, and Chemistry
1691:
1223:
1158:
514:
20038:
4372:
Hu Z, Yang X, Ho PC, et al. (2005). "Herb-drug interactions: a literature review".
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9653:
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8981:
8668:
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8039:
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5498:
5433:
4803:. Therapeutic Goods Administration, Government of Australia. April 2005. Archived from
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4097:
4046:
3825:
3680:
3645:
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3498:
3465:
3336:
3293:
3223:
3142:
3029:
2972:
2600:
2562:
2527:
2402:
2328:
2234:
2182:
2157:
1960:
1802:
1798:
has recommended no more than 250 mg of kavalactones be taken in a 24‑hour period.
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1502:
1118:
1064:
1056:
995:
963:
909:
529:
510:
491:
238:
70:
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18239:
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2431:
The lexicon of Proto Oceanic: The culture and environment of ancestral Oceanic society
1365:
are absorbed into the bloodstream more quickly. Traditionally, no flavoring is added.
54:
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7524:
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5813:
5808:
5473:
4721:
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4546:
4498:
4493:
4476:
4444:
4389:
4385:
4354:
4316:
4281:
4273:
4238:
4195:
4187:
4122:
4089:
4081:
4038:
4030:
3995:
3987:
3946:
3938:
3901:
3829:
3788:
3758:
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3013:
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2507:
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2127:
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1806:
1435:
1339:
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811:
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363:
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4401:
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4207:
4101:
4050:
3340:
3297:
3146:
2976:
2406:
2332:
1257:-like effects are not contributing to the pharmacological profile of kava extracts.
611:
543:
20208:
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19248:
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18890:
18615:
18344:
18098:
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13119:
13034:
12834:
12553:
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10220:
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9009:
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8844:
8744:
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2554:
2519:
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2355:
2304:
2267:"Kava: a review of the safety of traditional and recreational beverage consumption"
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2177:
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1719:
1115:
activity (by kavain, dihydrokavain, methysticin, dihydromethysticin, and yangonin).
796:
784:
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607:
571:
382:
367:
32:
This article is about the plant. For the class of pharmacological derivatives, see
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7682:
7534:
7391:
4773:
2382:
1983:
1851:
argued that the ban was imposed with insufficient evidence. The pressure prompted
927:
445:, where it cannot grow. Consumption of kava is also believed to be the reason why
20123:
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18620:
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17943:
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234:
226:
113:
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variety, which had a strong cerebral effect due to a predominant amount of the
841:
800:
603:
594:
426:
386:
100:
11340:
10935:
8520:
7631:
4744:"Travelers from Fiji to Australia can now take more kava for social functions"
4234:
3324:
2704:
2225:
2173:
1778:
Kava remains legal in most countries. Regulations often treat it as a food or
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19817:
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4191:
4085:
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4034:
3991:
3942:
3735:
3671:
3614:
3489:
3017:
2817:"Kava hepatotoxicity solution: A six-point plan for new kava standardization"
2316:
1892:
1596:
of kava extracts, and concerns about this led to kava being omitted from the
1311:
1294:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1048:
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725:
585:
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502:
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222:
195:
156:
3447:
3240:
2871:
2054:
Traditional use of sakau (kava) in Pohnpei: lessons for integrative medicine
549:, the cognates have come to mean "bitter", "sour", or "acrid" to the taste.
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19751:
19686:
19612:
19420:
18995:
18960:
18760:
18565:
18424:
18018:
18013:
17908:
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17131:
17031:
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16410:
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15879:
15537:
15502:
15497:
15467:
15416:
15343:
15035:
15025:
14797:
14792:
14782:
14777:
14707:
14532:
14522:
14414:
14374:
14339:
14319:
14304:
14289:
14224:
14219:
14204:
14174:
14169:
14154:
14100:
14090:
13731:
13479:
13391:
13381:
13291:
13226:
13124:
13054:
12989:
12979:
12934:
12558:
12543:
12490:
12445:
12300:
12255:
12240:
12230:
12215:
12155:
11795:
11775:
11715:
11265:
11120:
10980:
10793:
10501:
10149:
9521:
9439:
8784:
7825:
7820:
7732:
7381:
7310:
7268:
7245:
7188:
7090:
7085:
6995:
6898:
6849:
6784:
6712:
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6608:
6603:
6409:
6326:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6275:
6270:
6232:
6128:
6118:
6050:
5964:
5906:
5891:
5793:
5753:
5743:
5723:
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5708:
5698:
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4707:
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4393:
4358:
4320:
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4199:
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3999:
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3965:
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3507:
3398:, 8th edition, Biomedical Publications, Foster City, CA, 2008, pp. 803–804.
3381:
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3332:
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2712:
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2367:
2324:
2308:
2243:
2191:
1940:
1763:
1711:
1661:
1609:
but there is only limited high-quality research on these possible effects.
1514:
1362:
1242:
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1100:
623:
553:
4818:
4804:
4610:
4550:
4502:
4448:
3821:
3808:
Tomlinson M (2007). "Everything and Its Opposite: Kava Drinking in Fiji".
3289:
1730:
1438:
companies extract kavalactones from the kava plant using solvents such as
1368:
In Papua New Guinea, the locals in Madang province refer to their kava as
1103:
actions have been reported for kava and/or its major active constituents:
19984:
19919:
19826:
19681:
19658:
19572:
19498:
19465:
19445:
19323:
19308:
19303:
19293:
19283:
19203:
19173:
19168:
19013:
18985:
18980:
18950:
18935:
18925:
18905:
18900:
18860:
18825:
18815:
18770:
18750:
18735:
18730:
18700:
18645:
18640:
18635:
18580:
18555:
18540:
18515:
18505:
18495:
18490:
18404:
18399:
18394:
18379:
18319:
18314:
18289:
18148:
18138:
18118:
18078:
18073:
18048:
18033:
17998:
17993:
17893:
17868:
17762:
17757:
17747:
17737:
17727:
17662:
17592:
17549:
17393:
17323:
17293:
17278:
17263:
17236:
17201:
17186:
17171:
17156:
17121:
17111:
17081:
17066:
17041:
17006:
17001:
16991:
16981:
16941:
16936:
16896:
16886:
16821:
16806:
16781:
16741:
16726:
16716:
16492:
16487:
16457:
16437:
16192:
16172:
16122:
15945:
15927:
15922:
15912:
15889:
15884:
15851:
15773:
15614:
15581:
15571:
15427:
15411:
15315:
15198:
15115:
15095:
15085:
15055:
15020:
14972:
14962:
14922:
14917:
14892:
14877:
14837:
14827:
14762:
14732:
14682:
14627:
14602:
14582:
14577:
14542:
14439:
14394:
14349:
14329:
14294:
14269:
14164:
14141:
14065:
14035:
13530:
13484:
13361:
13356:
13351:
13276:
13261:
13256:
13211:
13190:
13182:
13094:
13089:
13074:
13059:
12994:
12939:
12515:
12505:
12500:
12495:
12475:
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12332:
12315:
12305:
12295:
12285:
12280:
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12185:
12150:
12135:
12098:
12033:
11993:
11983:
11840:
11835:
11820:
11805:
11745:
11610:
11514:
11509:
11504:
11494:
11489:
11370:
11317:
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11140:
11115:
11105:
11095:
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10990:
10985:
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10888:
10826:
10531:
10481:
10476:
10371:
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10270:
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10179:
10144:
9981:
9899:
9868:
9823:
9743:
9708:
9601:
9541:
9536:
9516:
9470:
9419:
9289:
9244:
8864:
8804:
8779:
8485:
7929:
7780:
7305:
7173:
7117:
7112:
7068:
7042:
7000:
6977:
6962:
6921:
6867:
6735:
6681:
6631:
6598:
6583:
6543:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6265:
6247:
6237:
6166:
6146:
6108:
5984:
5921:
5916:
5861:
5846:
5818:
5783:
5768:
5703:
5690:
5655:
5533:
5518:
5490:
4778:
The Office of Drug Control, Department of Health, Government of Australia
3662:
3606:
3211:
2629:
2558:
2523:
2480:
2079:
1828:
1820:
1626:
1467:
1430:
Water extraction is the traditional method for preparation of the plant.
1200:
1193:
1177:
1052:
1040:
1020:
991:
955:
913:
849:
788:
771:
589:
566:
442:
359:
336:
33:
16557:
7760:
7335:
5241:"Listing of Drugs Currently Regulated as New Drugs (The New Drugs List)"
4298:
4155:
19898:
19776:
19746:
19721:
19602:
19513:
19493:
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19288:
19278:
19233:
19223:
19208:
19123:
19017:
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18940:
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18885:
18875:
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18755:
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18685:
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18655:
18585:
18570:
18389:
18369:
18364:
18339:
18269:
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18143:
18133:
18128:
18068:
18058:
17988:
17903:
17752:
17742:
17732:
17722:
17687:
17677:
17642:
17612:
17602:
17597:
17534:
17378:
17353:
17348:
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16856:
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16390:
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15753:
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15507:
15492:
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15396:
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15353:
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15178:
15143:
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15045:
14982:
14957:
14912:
14887:
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14847:
14842:
14832:
14812:
14767:
14757:
14742:
14702:
14697:
14667:
14622:
14617:
14597:
14587:
14567:
14562:
14552:
14512:
14507:
14502:
14497:
14492:
14482:
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14472:
14444:
14299:
14214:
14209:
14095:
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14060:
13834:
13762:
13757:
13693:
13688:
13678:
13673:
13653:
13474:
13463:
13459:
13426:
13311:
13306:
13281:
13271:
13246:
13241:
13236:
13177:
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13149:
13144:
13114:
13104:
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13029:
12984:
12974:
12969:
12964:
12949:
12914:
12839:
12783:
12760:
12728:
12655:
12615:
12573:
12563:
12538:
12510:
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12455:
12375:
12370:
12310:
12290:
12275:
12265:
12130:
12120:
12048:
12043:
12038:
12028:
11988:
11943:
11938:
11850:
11830:
11770:
11760:
11690:
11670:
11655:
11645:
11635:
11620:
11605:
11595:
11585:
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11534:
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11524:
11499:
11479:
11459:
11385:
11375:
11360:
11350:
11302:
11250:
11185:
11110:
11100:
11090:
11070:
11045:
11040:
11020:
11000:
10970:
10516:
10511:
10356:
10351:
10304:
10235:
10225:
10174:
9976:
9924:
9919:
9914:
9738:
9713:
9703:
9581:
9546:
9531:
9485:
9480:
9475:
9294:
9279:
8720:
7586:
7340:
7168:
7141:
7131:
7052:
7032:
7005:
6940:
6916:
6911:
6794:
6789:
6779:
6769:
6730:
6725:
6636:
6578:
6563:
6374:
6280:
6176:
6156:
6123:
6113:
6103:
6093:
6060:
6042:
6027:
5974:
5969:
5931:
5926:
5901:
5886:
5856:
5851:
5841:
5823:
1715:
1665:
1648:
A few notable potential drug interactions are, but are not limited to:
1375:
1327:
1250:
1238:
681:
351:
324:
146:
126:
19924:
7325:
5219:"Marketed Health Products Directorate Heath Products and Foods Branch"
3095:
3060:
3008:
2991:
2857:
Johnston E, Rogers H, Association for Hawaiian ʻAwa (1 January 2006).
19880:
19731:
19726:
19676:
19648:
19577:
19538:
19533:
19508:
19503:
19430:
19338:
19328:
19218:
19128:
19042:
19000:
18990:
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18920:
18910:
18880:
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18865:
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18500:
18419:
18414:
18374:
18359:
18334:
18264:
18203:
18173:
18123:
18113:
18108:
17973:
17863:
17828:
17823:
17767:
17692:
17672:
17667:
17637:
17567:
17529:
17509:
17504:
17444:
17428:
17418:
17363:
17273:
17221:
17216:
17151:
17106:
17086:
16966:
16956:
16801:
16515:
16467:
16462:
16447:
16405:
16400:
16358:
16353:
16348:
16306:
16202:
16187:
16127:
16112:
16097:
15917:
15828:
15783:
15748:
15738:
15708:
15703:
15688:
15662:
15624:
15619:
15596:
15591:
15576:
15482:
15477:
15358:
15236:
15226:
15218:
15153:
15130:
15110:
15105:
15075:
15060:
15030:
15012:
15002:
14997:
14992:
14987:
14967:
14952:
14947:
14937:
14932:
14927:
14897:
14872:
14822:
14807:
14802:
14787:
14772:
14752:
14747:
14737:
14727:
14722:
14717:
14637:
14632:
14607:
14537:
14517:
14487:
14409:
14344:
14274:
14264:
14229:
14126:
14030:
13854:
13800:
13716:
13599:
13589:
13520:
13449:
13411:
13386:
13376:
13301:
13251:
13196:
13172:
13099:
13009:
13004:
12999:
12959:
12954:
12944:
12929:
12788:
12660:
12640:
12620:
12610:
12568:
12548:
12465:
12260:
12175:
12165:
12145:
12083:
12068:
12058:
12018:
12003:
11973:
11958:
11953:
11948:
11874:
11815:
11765:
11755:
11750:
11735:
11725:
11705:
11695:
11675:
11650:
11280:
11245:
11225:
11190:
11180:
11145:
11130:
10486:
10083:
9848:
9828:
9793:
9788:
9783:
9733:
9673:
9668:
9663:
9571:
9566:
9556:
9526:
9389:
9379:
9309:
9304:
8834:
8695:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
8557:
7805:
7551:
7371:
7178:
6972:
6862:
6829:
6764:
6676:
6641:
6593:
6436:
6389:
6196:
6181:
6171:
6161:
6070:
6032:
6022:
6014:
5999:
5956:
5946:
5941:
5911:
5866:
5803:
5738:
5403:
4183:
4026:
2886:"Kava vs Kawakawa | Kava use in New Zealand | Maori Memories of Kava"
1767:
1751:
1690:
Long-term and heavy kava consumption is associated with a reversible
1506:
1450:
to produce pills standardized with between 30% and 90% kavalactones.
1331:
1323:
1315:
689:
685:
673:
430:
320:
308:
136:
19788:
4637:
4312:
3466:"Kava, the anxiolytic herb: back to basics to prevent liver injury?"
2266:
20072:
19811:
19736:
19528:
19273:
19183:
19163:
19153:
19108:
19037:
18830:
18740:
18725:
18690:
18680:
18560:
18384:
18279:
18254:
18193:
18178:
18088:
18008:
17978:
17958:
17928:
17873:
17853:
17818:
17707:
17632:
17617:
17539:
17519:
17388:
17383:
17368:
17338:
17308:
17268:
17136:
17026:
16971:
16881:
16816:
16786:
16671:
16572:
16505:
16482:
16431:
16427:
16423:
16363:
16337:
16197:
16157:
16137:
16117:
16107:
16047:
16042:
15856:
15818:
15768:
15733:
15698:
15693:
15677:
15672:
15652:
15647:
15642:
15629:
15517:
15325:
15202:
15188:
15163:
15158:
15148:
15120:
14907:
14902:
14882:
14862:
14857:
14657:
14612:
14592:
14557:
14547:
14434:
14389:
14379:
14284:
14179:
14159:
14075:
13525:
13331:
13326:
13286:
13201:
13049:
12924:
12862:
12245:
12210:
12115:
11730:
11660:
11630:
11590:
11484:
11275:
11235:
11215:
10788:
9904:
9818:
9798:
9753:
9728:
9490:
9444:
9414:
9394:
9344:
9334:
8859:
8819:
8638:
7667:
7638:
7541:
7490:
7355:
7283:
7162:
7153:
7047:
6799:
6528:
6498:
6424:
6359:
6214:
6191:
6186:
6151:
6004:
5936:
5798:
5713:
5617:
5613:
5523:
4838:
4722:"Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code - Standard 2.6.3 - Kava"
3759:"Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code - Standard 2.6.3 - Kava"
2911:"Māori Plant Use Database Plant Use Details of Macropiper excelsum"
2816:
1678:
1671:
1638:
1498:
1350:
1130:
1122:
1088:
1068:
1060:
986:, which are higher in the roots than in the stems and leaves, with
983:
355:
347:
300:
19937:
19885:
7350:
5372:. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. 1973. pp. Issue 2
5269:. HealthLink BC, Government of British Columbia. 23 September 2021
5047:"The Medicines for Human Use (Kava-kava) (Prohibition) Order 2002"
2454:
Lebot V, Lèvesque J (1989). "The Origin and Distribution of Kava (
885:
More recently, specialized kava varieties have been introduced to
836:
739:
Kava consists of sterile cultivars cloned from its wild ancestor,
630:. It is seen as a symbol of death, corresponding to the rangiora (
19854:
19701:
19582:
19460:
19143:
19027:
18805:
18795:
18023:
17953:
17888:
17838:
17697:
17449:
17423:
17413:
17398:
17303:
17116:
17091:
16841:
16721:
16519:
16509:
16268:
16207:
16182:
16177:
16052:
16032:
16012:
15833:
15823:
15808:
15793:
15778:
15763:
15758:
15743:
15728:
15609:
15348:
15208:
14662:
14369:
14070:
13594:
13416:
13216:
12741:
12140:
12078:
11740:
11720:
11416:
11287:
10755:
10536:
10012:
9909:
9894:
9833:
9808:
9778:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9551:
9511:
9465:
9399:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9354:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
8824:
8789:
8739:
8730:
7855:
7790:
7692:
7625:
7320:
7107:
6844:
6658:
6533:
6429:
6336:
6055:
5788:
1945:
1852:
1848:
1674:
1542:
1447:
1443:
1418:
1387:
1319:
1261:
657:
599:
434:
378:
328:
316:
296:
276:
10677:
5317:. US Food and Drug Administration. 25 March 2002. Archived from
3964:
Cairney S, Clough AR, Maruff P, et al. (14 February 2003).
1413:
Kava root being prepared for consumption in Asanvari village on
1253:
to reverse the anxiolytic effects of kava in mice suggests that
19872:
19711:
19696:
19691:
19562:
19455:
19118:
18785:
18600:
18259:
18183:
18168:
18158:
17933:
17524:
17403:
17021:
16901:
16452:
16415:
16037:
15990:
15861:
15843:
15803:
15487:
15285:
13420:
12684:
Tooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel
12533:
12529:
Tooltip G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel
12205:
12125:
12008:
11998:
11780:
11549:
10756:
10667:
10632:
10627:
10576:
10506:
10420:
10391:
10386:
10204:
10169:
10113:
10017:
9996:
9889:
9843:
9803:
9748:
9658:
9576:
9561:
9434:
9409:
9374:
9349:
9239:
8754:
7850:
7800:
7345:
7239:
List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania
7158:
6310:
6206:
5513:
4920:. Staatsblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden. Archived from
3310:
1824:
1759:
1574:
1409:
1343:
1290:
1044:
975:
947:
807:
693:
619:
449:, ubiquitous elsewhere, was lost for Austronesians in Oceania.
438:
332:
312:
284:
246:
8690:
Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium
2992:"Review article: herbal and dietary supplement hepatotoxicity"
2383:"Validation of Piper Methysticum var. wichmannii (Piperaceae)"
1425:
19716:
19318:
19213:
18955:
18710:
18575:
17948:
17898:
17858:
17622:
17313:
17257:
17166:
16851:
16846:
15813:
13900:
12390:
12160:
12013:
10678:
10466:
10326:
10032:
9723:
9596:
9299:
8809:
8764:
7744:
7727:
7712:
7330:
7183:
6503:
3705:
2654:
2508:"The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary: A Work in Progress"
1930:
1844:
1840:
1414:
1335:
1170:
1161:
reversible inhibition (by all six of the major kavalactones).
959:
943:
680:
distribution showed it was cultivated on numerous islands of
669:
665:
415:). Kava originated in Fiji and spread through the pacific by
256:
218:
87:
16657:
12808:
1285:
437:
and is not found in other Austronesian groups. Kava reached
18720:
13736:
Tooltip Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
13658:
12703:
12361:
12323:
12106:
10612:
10491:
7815:
7795:
7785:
7765:
7722:
7687:
7672:
7288:
7273:
5650:
4974:"The Pacific Island Nations: Towards Shared Representation"
4588:
3566:
Assessment of the Risk of Hepatotoxicity with Kava Products
3234:
3159:
2866:. Hilo, Hawaii: Association for Hawaiian ʻAwa. p. 34.
1950:
1836:
1399:
1298:
1166:
875:
661:
343:
268:
13632:
10937:
4012:
7448:
4977:
4677:
3963:
3592:
3463:
3353:
2345:
1832:
1801:
Kava possession is limited to 2 kg per adult in the
1466:
obtained with the use of organic solvents do not contain
11902:
5169:"Dunne: Kava unaffected by Psychoactive Substances Bill"
4168:
2579:
1035:-O- bridge and with all possible C=C double bonds shown.
366:
concluded it had a small effect for treating short-term
12593:
12413:
5418:
5396:
3241:
Amitava Dasgupta, Catherine A. Hammett-Stabler (2011).
2946:
2545:
Lynch J (2002). "Potent Roots and the Origin of kava".
2399:
10.3417/1055-3177(2006)16[3:VOPMVW]2.0.CO;2
1568:
clarifies the mind and sharpens the mental faculties".
1493:
1268:, but has been associated with elevated liver enzymes.
564:
are also applied to the unrelated members of the genus
14002:
10203:
9939:
4908:
3966:"Saccade and Cognitive Function in Chronic Kava Users"
3871:"South Florida Kava Bars Unworried about Two-Day Kava"
3644:
Zhou P, Gross S, Liu JH, et al. (December 2010).
3356:"Saccade and cognitive function in chronic kava users"
3197:
2433:. Vol. 3. Pacific Linguistics. pp. 389–426.
2293:
12890:
10031:
9944:
7023:
4949:. The World Trade Review. August 2005. Archived from
3267:
1710:
Kava is under preliminary research for its potential
5001:(in German). Pharmazeutische Zeitung. 16 August 2015
4529:
Norton SA, Ruze P (1 July 1994). "Kava dermopathy".
3785:
My Village, My World: Everyday Life in Nadoria, Fiji
3354:
Cairney S, Clough AR, Maruff P, et al. (2003).
2989:
2624:
2622:
2602:
Music, Lapita, and the Problem of Polynesian Origins
2155:
2119:
2069:
10306:
9616:
9193:
9163:
3782:
3046:
2458:Forst. F., Piperaceae): A Phytochemical Approach".
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2207:
2156:Wang J, Qu W, Bittenbender HC, et al. (2013).
2070:Lebot V, Merlin M, Lindstrom L (23 December 1992).
10438:
4862:"Islanders shocked as Australia moves to ban kava"
4859:
3464:Teschke R, Sarris J, Glass X, et al. (2016).
2860:Hawaiian ʻawa: views of an ethnobotanical treasure
2814:
2420:
2418:
2416:
16555:Unsorted benzodiazepine site positive modulators:
13925:
13499:
7229:
5124:"Kava zalegalizowana. Marihuana będzie następna?"
4884:"Kava legal in WA, marketed at troubled sleepers"
4841:. Northern Territory Government. 12 December 2016
4724:. Federal Register of Legislation. 5 October 2006
2852:
2850:
2684:
2619:
1129:(by kavain and methysticin) and possibly also of
241:, meaning 'bitter'; other names for kava include
20105:
19779:(met-enkephalin releaser/degradation stabilizer)
13563:
4673:
4671:
2815:Teschke R, Sarris J, Lebot V (15 January 2011).
2475:
2473:
2276:
2126:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co. p. 58.
1310:Kava is consumed in various ways throughout the
13963:Transient receptor potential channel modulators
5148:
4524:
4522:
4520:
3920:
3396:Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man
3193:
3191:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2413:
2380:
1766:), skin diseases and topical wounds, and as an
878:prayer for inspiration that contains the line,
16635:
5612:
5395:from the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (
4591:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
4531:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
4255:
3643:
2990:Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR (1 January 2013).
2847:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2208:Pittler MH, Ernst E (2003). Pittler MH (ed.).
1936:Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia
578:refer to other species belonging to the genus
399:Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia
358:properties. Its active ingredients are called
20179:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
16621:
13988:
13905:Tooltip Transient receptor potential channels
12395:Tooltip Inwardly rectifying potassium channel
10904:
9149:
8892:
8230:
7985:
7215:
6627:Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors
5598:
5434:
4668:
4340:
4338:
4141:
3914:
2573:
2470:
2453:
893:
863:The day of revealing shall see what it sees:
452:According to Lynch (2002), the reconstructed
346:of the plant is used to produce a drink with
12813:Tooltip Tandem pore domain potassium channel
10852:(FAAH-like anandamide transporter inhibitor)
10840:(directly potentiates activity of 2-AG at CB
4864:. Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), Sydney
4517:
4371:
3562:
3459:
3457:
3347:
3304:
3270:Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry
3188:
3153:
3110:
3040:
2933:
2690:
2505:
2499:
2051:Balick, Michael J. and Leem, Roberta (2002)
1629:(central nervous system depressants such as
1575:Toxicity, safety, and potential side effects
20194:Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors
14004:
12711:Tooltip Calcium-activated potassium channel
7016:
3261:
2801:
2387:Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature
2065:
2063:
1734:A traditional Fijian yaqona bundle of roots
1426:Supplements and pharmaceutical preparations
746:
16628:
16614:
13995:
13981:
13637:Tooltip Calcium-activated chloride channel
11929:4-Aminopyridine (fampridine/dalfampridine)
10942:Tooltip Voltage-dependent calcium channels
10918:
10911:
10897:
9156:
9142:
8899:
8885:
8237:
8223:
7992:
7978:
7222:
7208:
5605:
5591:
5441:
5427:
4528:
4344:
4335:
3409:"Fiji -> In depth -> Food and Drink"
3116:
2996:Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
2783:"Vanuatu kava cleared for European market"
2592:
2057:Alternative Therapies, Vol. 8, No.4. p. 96
1986:. Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary. 2018.
1738:Over centuries, kava has been used in the
1603:
1305:
818:). Some of the most popular cultivars are
810:, there are many other cultivars of kava (
53:
8244:
4492:
4438:
4428:
3981:
3807:
3679:
3661:
3497:
3454:
3436:Journal of High Resolution Chromatography
3371:
3007:
2727:"Drink the right mix - Fiji Times Online"
2675:
2538:
2447:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2233:
2203:
2201:
2181:
1668:can cause a semicomatose state in humans.
1616:
1558:
867:An insight won by the black sacred 'awa,
724:Painting showing women preparing kava by
636:), which is the symbol of life. However,
11907:Tooltip Voltage-gated potassium channels
7999:
4623:
3842:
3470:British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
2655:Vincent Lebot, Patricia Siméoni (2004).
2429:. In Ross M, Pawley A, Osmond M (eds.).
2381:Applequist WL, Lebot V (25 April 2006).
2060:
1921:List of herbs with known adverse effects
1729:
1722:indicated a small level of improvement.
1497:A sign showing a "Kava licence area" at
1492:
1408:
1374:
1284:
1014:
946:. Dried root contains approximately 43%
942:Fresh kava root contains on average 80%
897:
865:A seeing of facts, a sifting of rumors,
719:
648:Kava was historically grown only in the
429:after contact eastward into the rest of
12601:Tooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel
12421:Tooltip ATP-sensitive potassium channel
10213:
8906:
5341:"Vanuatu - Legislation - Kava Act 2002"
4414:
3868:
3845:"In Brooklyn, a Hare Krishna Reckoning"
3433:
2664:Ethnobotany Research & Applications
2214:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2120:Lebot V, Merlin M, Lindstrom L (1997).
1725:
1587:
1579:
14:
20106:
5019:
4714:
4114:
3893:
3756:
3525:"Kava: A Human Health Risk Assessment"
2757:"Vanuatu hopes for kava export growth"
2598:
2250:
2198:
2162:Journal of Food Science and Technology
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
1641:, diuretics, and drugs metabolized by
1551:kava with other substances, including
1480:In the context of these concerns, the
407:indicating Kava was domesticated from
19793:
19792:
16609:
13976:
12895:Tooltip Voltage-gated sodium channels
10892:
9137:
8880:
8218:
7973:
7377:"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei)
7203:
5586:
5422:
5291:. Health Canada. 2017. Archived from
5070:
4220:
4063:
3889:
3887:
3701:
3699:
3588:
3586:
3558:
3556:
3519:
3517:
3247:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 57.
3075:
2544:
1978:
1976:
1091:are present in the roots and leaves.
908:) plant may have been named by early
20013:893f34bb-cfcd-45fb-9357-3cd8710cc865
16596:GABA metabolism/transport modulators
12830:12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
10547:Redafamdastat (JZP-150, PF-04457845)
9102:For other topics including Oceanian
7510:French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands
5414:. Vol. 14 (9th ed.). 1882.
5223:Canadian Adverse Reaction Newsletter
4474:
4121:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co.
3900:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co.
2915:maoriplantuse.landcareresearch.co.nz
2424:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
1805:. While it was previously banned in
392:
16213:Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)
11924:3,4-Diaminopyridine (amifampridine)
10311:Tooltip Endocannabinoid transporter
9624:Tooltip Cannabinoid receptor type 2
9201:Tooltip Cannabinoid receptor type 1
5151:"Warenwetbesluit Kruidenpreparaten"
4860:Armbruster, Stefan (10 July 2015).
3783:Biturogoiwasa S, Walker AR (2001).
3595:Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift
2210:"Kava extract for treating anxiety"
2140:
1592:There is published evidence of the
1237:receptor activity may underlie the
1133:(by kavain and desmethoxyyangonin).
1094:
24:
15276:11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain
10443:Tooltip Fatty acid amide hydrolase
8446:Austral Islands (French Polynesia)
4999:"Comeback unter strengen Auflagen"
4971:
4947:"Fiji takes kava ban fight to WTO"
4750:. 17 December 2019. Archived from
4249:
3884:
3696:
3583:
3553:
3514:
2339:
1973:
1685:
1485:form or produced with cold water.
777:
643:
592:, it was applied to the kawakawa (
542:. In some languages, most notably
25:
20250:
18596:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
17924:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
16877:Dextropropoxyphene (propoxyphene)
16862:Desmetramadol (desmethyltramadol)
16023:Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate
13930:Tooltip Ligand gated ion channels
13504:Tooltip Epithelial sodium channel
6332:Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate
5362:
2096:
2023:"Embassy of the Republic of Fiji"
1998:"Nā Puke Wehewehe ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi"
1926:Alcohol and Drugs History Society
1664:. Kava taken in combination with
1169:(i.e., main) binding site of the
225:'intoxicating') is a crop of the
20065:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:198437-2
18976:Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether
13568:Tooltip Acid-sensing ion channel
7910:World Invitational Hula Festival
5333:
4386:10.2165/00003495-200565090-00005
3482:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03775.x
3131:10.2165/00023210-200216110-00002
2634:Te Mära Reo: The Language Garden
2485:Te Mära Reo: The Language Garden
1886:
1796:Therapeutic Goods Administration
916:due to its similarities to kava.
626:. It is a sacred tree among the
74:
18971:Salvinorin B ethoxymethyl ether
16443:Menthyl isovalerate (validolum)
7430:Australian Aboriginal astronomy
5307:
5281:
5259:
5233:
5211:
5186:
5161:
5142:
5116:
5090:
5064:
5039:
5013:
4991:
4965:
4939:
4909:C.I.J.M. Ross-van Dorp (2003).
4902:
4876:
4853:
4831:
4793:
4766:
4736:
4617:
4582:
4557:
4468:
4455:
4408:
4365:
4292:
4214:
4162:
4135:
4108:
4057:
4006:
3957:
3862:
3843:Laterman K (22 December 2017).
3836:
3801:
3776:
3750:
3637:
3427:
3401:
3388:
2983:
2903:
2878:
2775:
2749:
2719:
2648:
2374:
1694:known as "kava dermopathy", or
1488:
1280:
1010:
1005:
755:, the ancestor of domesticated
377:. However, consumption of kava
18896:Norbuprenorphine-3-glucuronide
15392:Allopregnanolone (brexanolone)
11386:Ziconotide (ω-conotoxin MVIIA)
10789:Orlistat (tetrahydrolipstatin)
8927:Federated States of Micronesia
8810:Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)
8501:Federated States of Micronesia
8265:Federated States of Micronesia
8020:Federated States of Micronesia
7515:Federated States of Micronesia
3935:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.120
3569:. WHO Regional Office Europe.
2045:
2015:
1990:
1873:
1827:, and in prepared form in the
1390:commonly share a drink called
1153:voltage-gated calcium channels
937:
654:Federated States of Micronesia
570:. In other languages, such as
13:
1:
18871:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)
18064:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin)
17673:Nalodeine (N-allylnorcodeine)
17102:Met-enkephalin (metenkefalin)
16588:Receptor/signaling modulators
15144:Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin)
13959:Receptor/signaling modulators
11361:Leconotide (ω-conotoxin CVID)
10869:Receptor/signaling modulators
9340:Gallocatechol (gallocatechin)
7231:Culture of indigenous Oceania
5020:Joshua J (17 February 2016).
4603:10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70547-X
4543:10.1016/S0190-9622(94)70142-3
4421:J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
3728:10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00381-9
3534:. 25 May 2016. Archived from
3532:Technical Report Series No 30
3282:10.1016/s0278-5846(98)00062-1
1966:
1773:
1149:voltage-gated sodium channels
1019:The general structure of the
869:A vision like that of a god!
799:), and "Palarasul" kava from
729:
20214:Polynesian words and phrases
20199:Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
18094:N-Phenethyl-14-ethoxymetopon
16338:ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)
15423:anabolic-androgenic steroids
14205:Butabarbital/Secbutabarbital
14010:receptor positive modulators
8649:Oceanian legendary creatures
5247:. Health Canada. 26 May 2016
5071:Garae L (27 December 2017).
4692:10.1016/j.fitote.2014.11.012
4494:10.1016/0140-6736(90)91458-M
2961:10.3109/00048674.2010.522554
2833:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.002
2693:Food and Chemical Toxicology
2360:10.1016/j.fitote.2014.11.012
1900:Food and Drug Administration
1785:
1536:
1440:supercritical carbon dioxide
1372:("wild cognac" in English).
1271:
1230:receptor was also observed.
1207:. Weak interaction with the
1155:(by kavain and methysticin).
715:
556:, the reduplicated forms of
480:. It originally referred to
299:). Kava is consumed for its
7:
20234:Taxa named by Georg Forster
19747:β-Lipotropin (proendorphin)
19375:((pF)Phe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
18756:Leumorphin (dynorphin B-29)
17242:Oxymorphone phenylhydrazone
14978:Triflunordazepam (Ro5-2904)
10878:(cannabinoids by structure)
10532:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
10372:Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
9124:Category:Culture of Oceania
6858:Tetracyclic antidepressants
6672:Tetracyclic antidepressants
4774:"Import requirements: Kava"
3869:Swanson J (20 March 2014).
3098:. Drugs.com. 3 January 2018
2506:Blust R, Trussel S (2013).
1914:
1705:
1528:(gift) and drinking of the
1453:
618:, is derived from the same
10:
20255:
19767:Proopiomelanocortin (POMC)
19387:-NH)Gly)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
18491:Adrenorphin (metorphamide)
17658:Methylsamidorphan chloride
16892:Dimethylaminopivalophenone
16717:Adrenorphin (metorphamide)
15306:5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin
12922:Antiarrhythmics (class I):
8731:Chatham Islander (Moriori
7639:Weriyeng navigation school
3174:10.1016/j.phrs.2012.04.003
1905:
1540:
1512:
1398:. Grog is very popular in
894:Relationship with kawakawa
602:to New Zealand and nearby
396:
31:
20229:Austronesian spirituality
20174:Ceremonial food and drink
19801:
19687:Racecadotril (acetorphan)
19635:
19547:
19362:
19351:
19094:Buprenorphine/samidorphan
19051:
19006:Tricyclic antidepressants
18448:
18437:
18217:
18084:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
17791:
17780:
17437:
17127:Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl
16646:
16581:
16231:
15999:
15936:
15903:
15870:
15842:
15556:
15498:Pregnanolone (eltanolone)
15377:
15334:
15245:
15217:
15129:
15011:
14453:
14140:
14041:Chlorobutanol (cloretone)
14016:
13952:
13923:
13898:
13891:
13825:
13818:
13771:
13743:
13729:
13707:
13644:
13630:
13621:
13575:
13561:
13539:
13511:
13497:
13440:
13432:Tricyclic antidepressants
12902:
12888:
12879:
12853:
12820:
12806:
12750:
12718:
12701:
12582:
12441:Glibenclamide (glyburide)
12402:
12388:
12351:
11914:
11900:
11891:
11859:
10949:
10926:
10860:
10806:
10754:
10676:
10595:
10454:4-Nonylphenylboronic acid
10436:
10419:
10287:
10202:
10137:
10041:
10030:
10005:
9954:
9937:
9877:
9631:
9614:
9504:
9453:
9208:
9191:
9174:
9100:
9018:
8995:
8914:
8873:
8703:
8682:
8601:
8438:
8356:
8333:
8252:
8209:
8193:
8111:
8088:
8007:
7966:
7957:
7879:
7753:
7650:
7483:traditions and ceremonies
7415:
7364:
7244:
7237:
7061:
7014:
6986:
6953:
6933:
6879:
6835:Tricyclic antidepressants
6820:
6808:
6751:
6693:
6649:Tricyclic antidepressants
6617:
6554:
6542:
6471:
6319:
6256:
6223:
6205:
6137:
6084:
6041:
6013:
5955:
5832:
5689:
5641:
5629:
5560:
5532:
5489:
5482:
5456:
4235:10.1016/j.fct.2016.07.001
4115:Kilham CS (1 June 1996).
4066:Social Studies of Science
3810:Anthropological Quarterly
3325:10.1007/s00213-003-1520-0
2705:10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.075
2427:"Other cultivated plants"
2226:10.1002/14651858.CD003383
2174:10.1007/s13197-013-1047-2
2074:. Yale University Press.
1813:
1482:World Health Organization
650:Pacific islands of Hawaii
403:Kava is conspecific with
375:World Health Organization
185:
178:
71:Scientific classification
69:
61:
52:
47:
20239:Austronesian agriculture
20189:Calcium channel blockers
19672:Dexecadotril (retorphan)
19644:Enkephalinase inhibitors
19573:BTRX-246040 (LY-2940094)
19555:(Nphe)Nociceptin(1-13)NH
19471:Nociceptin (orphanin FQ)
16592:GABA receptor modulators
16502:sulfonmethane (sulfonal)
10817:Phosphatidylethanolamine
10094:Lysophosphatidylinositol
9532:Falcarinol (carotatoxin)
9073:Northern Mariana Islands
8533:Northern Mariana Islands
8411:Northern Mariana Islands
8166:Northern Mariana Islands
7942:Festival of Pacific Arts
6420:Sulfonmethane (sulfonal)
5448:
5149:Koninkrijksrelaties Mv.
4626:Human Psychopharmacology
4430:10.1136/jnnp.52.suppl.29
4078:10.1177/0306312710395341
4015:Human Psychopharmacology
3894:Kilham C (1 June 1996).
3563:Organization WH (2007).
1039:A total of 18 different
855:Nathaniel Bright Emerson
747:Noble and non-noble kava
20184:Sodium channel blockers
19370:(Arg14,Lys15)Nociceptin
18641:Dynorphin B (rimorphin)
17683:Nalorphine dinicotinate
13045:Eslicarbazepine acetate
10527:Palmitoylisopropylamide
9038:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
8376:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
8131:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
7905:Merrie Monarch Festival
6907:Atypical antipsychotics
6721:Atypical antipsychotics
5411:Encyclopædia Britannica
5073:"Kava banned in Poland"
4475:Ruze P (16 June 1990).
4417:"The on-off phenomenon"
3970:Neuropsychopharmacology
3757:Health (11 July 2011).
3448:10.1002/jhrc.1240201007
3360:Neuropsychopharmacology
1604:Other adverse reactions
1306:Traditional preparation
815:
696:, whereas specimens of
474:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
460:, was derived from the
221:'pepper' and Latinized
18986:Spiradoline (U-62,066)
18931:Pethidine (meperidine)
18124:Pethidine (meperidine)
17814:ADL-5747 (PF-04856881)
17460:4-Caffeoyl-1,5-quinide
17359:Tetrahydropapaveroline
17274:Pethidine (meperidine)
16478:Retigabine (ezogabine)
15754:Lirequinil (Ro41-3696)
15321:7,8-Dihydromethysticin
15311:5,6-Dehydromethysticin
14190:Benzylbutylbarbiturate
12789:Rottlerin (mallotoxin)
10920:Ion channel modulators
10472:Arachidonoyl serotonin
10337:Arachidonoyl serotonin
9739:GW-405,833 (L-768,242)
8855:Torres Strait Islander
8246:Literature of Oceania
7607:Micronesian Navigation
7081:Chlorophenylalkyldiols
6889:Typical antipsychotics
6703:Typical antipsychotics
4824:20 August 2006 at the
4270:10.1001/jama.2010.1689
3983:10.1038/sj.npp.1300052
3763:www.legislation.gov.au
3373:10.1038/sj.npp.1300052
2677:10.17348/era.2.0.19-28
2605:. Polynesian Origins.
2309:10.1055/s-0035-1558295
1748:central nervous system
1735:
1617:Potential interactions
1559:Effects of consumption
1510:
1422:
1384:
1302:
1036:
932:Piperaceae M. excelsum
917:
872:
736:
574:, compound terms like
472:(in Proto-Oceanic and
441:, but it is absent in
36:. For other uses, see
20204:CB1 receptor agonists
19677:Ecadotril (sinorphan)
19164:CERC-501 (LY-2456302)
19064:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
18626:Dinalbuphine sebacate
18501:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
18225:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
18184:Thiobromadol (C-8813)
17824:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
17470:4',7-Dihydroxyflavone
17450:2-(S)-N,N-(R)-Viminol
16922:Dinalbuphine sebacate
11146:Ryodipine (riodipine)
10124:Palmitoylethanolamide
10049:2-AGE (noladin ether)
9649:3,3'-Diindolylmethane
9644:2-AGE (noladin ether)
9230:2-AGE (noladin ether)
9021:and other territories
8825:Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i)
8711:Indigenous Australian
8609:Australian Aboriginal
8359:and other territories
8114:and other territories
8001:Languages of Oceania
7602:Polynesian Navigation
7582:Torres Strait Islands
4172:Phytotherapy Research
3822:10.1353/anq.2007.0054
2949:Aust N Z J Psychiatry
2636:. Benton Family Trust
2487:. Benton Family Trust
1733:
1496:
1412:
1378:
1288:
1018:
901:
880:He ʻike pū ʻawa hiwa.
860:
723:
633:Brachyglottis repanda
422:It was spread by the
417:Polynesian navigation
38:Kava (disambiguation)
19534:Sunobinop (S-117957)
19269:N-Fluoropropyl-JDTic
18601:Diamorphine (heroin)
17934:Diamorphine (heroin)
16902:Diamorphine (heroin)
16702:Acetyldihydrocodeine
16682:7-Hydroxymitragynine
16677:7-Acetoxymitragynine
16533:constituents (e.g.,
16317:Deuterated etifoxine
15379:Neuroactive steroids
15349:Apronal (apronalide)
15201:constituents (e.g.,
14818:N-Desalkylflurazepam
13135:Valproate semisodium
11666:Carboxyamidotriazole
11601:Gabapentin enacarbil
11581:Arbaclofen placarbil
10059:Abnormal cannabidiol
9962:Abnormal cannabidiol
9794:Lenabasum (anabasum)
9165:Cannabinoid receptor
8908:Religion in Oceania
8840:Taiwanese aborigines
8199:Languages of Oceania
7038:Gabapentin enacarbil
6086:Neuroactive steroids
6056:Apronal (apronalide)
5483:Chemical composition
5289:"Ingredients - Kava"
5022:"New Kava Challenge"
4465:2001;61(15):2163-75.
4423:. Suppl (9): 29–37.
4301:Hum. Psychopharmacol
3663:10.1096/fj.10-163311
3607:10.1055/s-2001-16966
3212:10.1055/s-2001-14334
2559:10.1353/ol.2002.0010
2524:10.1353/ol.2013.0016
2080:10.2307/j.ctt211qwxb
1754:infections, chronic
1740:traditional medicine
1726:Traditional medicine
1588:Effects on the liver
1580:General observations
1326:, and some parts of
1289:Kava root drying in
1233:Potentiation of GABA
614:name for the plant,
456:term for the plant,
19737:Ubenimex (bestatin)
19481:Nociceptin (1-13)NH
19089:β-Chlornaltrexamine
19059:4′-Hydroxyflavanone
18481:β-Chlornaltrexamine
18355:N-Benzylnaltrindole
18250:β-Chlornaltrexamine
18169:TAN-67 (SB-205,607)
17834:AR-M100390 (ARM390)
17495:β-Chlornaltrexamine
17465:4′-Hydroxyflavanone
16692:α-Chlornaltrexamine
16326:dihydroergocryptine
15638:Pyrazolopyrimidines
15296:5,6-Dihydroyangonin
15281:7,8-Dihydroyangonin
14468:3-Hydroxyphenazepam
14310:Methylphenobarbital
13786:1,10-Phenanthroline
12343:Spooky toxin (SsTx)
11328:Tetrahydropalmatine
9659:α-Amyrin · β-Amyrin
9315:Dimethylheptylpyran
9240:α-Amyrin · β-Amyrin
9108:indigenous currency
7402:Sāmoa 'ava ceremony
4927:on 27 February 2008
4888:The West Australian
4754:on 17 December 2019
4565:"Kava Side Effects"
4487:(8703): 1442–1445.
3720:2003PChem..64..673W
3541:on 11 February 2016
2547:Oceanic Linguistics
2512:Oceanic Linguistics
2481:"*Kava ~ *Kavakava"
1956:Samoa 'ava ceremony
1338:; the hand forms a
1249:receptor inhibitor
1224:benzodiazepine site
1159:Monoamine oxidase B
910:Polynesian voyagers
874:Winter describes a
433:. It is endemic to
171:P. methysticum
20169:Culture of Vanuatu
19299:Norbinaltorphimine
18606:Diacetylnalorphine
18295:Diacetylnalorphine
17919:Desmethylclozapine
17573:Diacetylnalorphine
17253:Papaver somniferum
16837:Chloroxymorphamine
16420:4-O-methylhonokiol
16083:Dichloralphenazone
15981:Methylmethaqualone
15558:Nonbenzodiazepines
15271:Desmethoxyyangonin
15266:11-Hydroxyyangonin
15261:11-Methoxyyangonin
15256:10-Methoxyyangonin
14643:Ethyl carfluzepate
14245:Cyclopentobarbital
13796:7,8-Benzoquinoline
13791:4,7-Phenanthroline
13781:1,7-Phenanthroline
13157:Local anesthetics:
12689:ML-297 (VU0456810)
12196:Diallyl trisulfide
12191:Dextropropoxyphene
12094:Tetraethylammonium
11801:Pinaverium bromide
11571:4-Methylpregabalin
10256:Oleoylethanolamide
10190:Tetrahydromagnolol
10119:Oleoylethanolamide
9885:4-O-Methylhonokiol
9864:Tetrahydromagnolol
9819:Olorinab (APD-371)
9654:4-O-Methylhonokiol
7718:Polynesian sailing
7103:Diethylpropanediol
6385:Dichloralphenazone
6301:Methylmethaqualone
6139:Nonbenzodiazepines
5666:Diethylpropanediol
5509:Dihydromethysticin
5499:Desmethoxyyangonin
5385:Kava ban documents
5155:wetten.overheid.nl
5077:Vanuatu Daily Post
5051:Legislation.gov.uk
5026:Vanuatu Daily Post
4953:on 29 October 2013
4890:. 13 February 2017
3849:The New York Times
3313:Psychopharmacology
3049:Chem. Res. Toxicol
2789:. 12 November 2015
2763:. 11 November 2015
2027:www.fijiembassy.be
1961:Samoan plant names
1898:In 2002, the U.S.
1803:Northern Territory
1780:dietary supplement
1736:
1714:— primarily
1511:
1503:Northern Territory
1423:
1385:
1349:The extract is an
1303:
1190:δ-opioid receptors
1065:desmethoxyyangonin
1057:dihydromethysticin
1037:
996:dihydromethysticin
958:, 12% water, 3.2%
918:
842:precolonial Hawaii
787:, "Melomelo" from
737:
20224:Polynesian drinks
20219:Melanesian drinks
20101:
20100:
20021:Open Tree of Life
19833:Piper methysticum
19803:Piper methysticum
19795:Taxon identifiers
19786:
19785:
19631:
19630:
19476:Nociceptin (1-11)
19347:
19346:
18476:14-Methoxymetopon
18433:
18432:
18350:Methylnaltrindole
17776:
17775:
17445:(3S,4S)-Picenadol
17057:Levacetylmethadol
16603:
16602:
16563:MRK-409 (MK-0343)
16334:dihydroergotamine
16277:potassium bromide
16271:compounds (e.g.,
16218:Trichloroethylene
15986:Nitromethaqualone
15905:Pyrazolopyridines
15407:3α-Androstanediol
15301:7,8-Dihydrokavain
14653:Ethyl loflazepate
14430:Thiotetrabarbital
14046:Ethanol (alcohol)
13970:
13969:
13948:
13947:
13887:
13886:
13883:
13882:
13845:Meclofenamic acid
13814:
13813:
13725:
13724:
13617:
13616:
13613:
13612:
13557:
13556:
13493:
13492:
13367:RG7893 (GDC-0287)
13130:Valproate pivoxil
13020:Acetylpheneturide
12875:
12874:
12871:
12870:
12802:
12801:
12774:Meclofenamic acid
12737:Ethanol (alcohol)
12697:
12696:
12646:Minoxidil sulfate
12384:
12383:
11887:
11886:
11883:
11882:
11786:Otilonium bromide
11711:Ethanol (alcohol)
11475:ω-Conotoxin MVIIC
11211:Phenylalkylamines
10886:
10885:
10802:
10801:
10415:
10414:
10283:
10282:
10279:
10278:
10198:
10197:
10026:
10025:
9933:
9932:
9610:
9609:
9131:
9130:
9096:
9095:
9088:Wallis and Futuna
8996:Associated states
8593:Wallis and Futuna
8434:
8433:
8426:Wallis and Futuna
8334:Associated states
8205:
8204:
8189:
8188:
8181:Wallis and Futuna
8089:Associated states
7937:Pacific Community
7925:Pasifika Festival
7658:Aboriginal dugout
7597:Wallis and Futuna
7197:
7196:
6949:
6948:
6747:
6746:
6467:
6466:
6348:Potassium bromide
6306:Nitromethaqualone
5814:Thiotetrabarbital
5661:Ethanol (alcohol)
5580:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5474:Coconut shell cup
5391:Piper methysticum
5295:on 11 August 2022
5102:prawo.sejm.gov.pl
4819:Download PDF 44KB
4801:"Kava fact sheet"
4780:. 1 December 2021
4229:(Pt A): 472–501.
4223:Food Chem Toxicol
4178:(11): 1723–1728.
4128:978-1-62055-034-2
3907:978-0-89281-640-8
3794:978-982-02-0160-6
3656:(12): 4722–4732.
3650:The FASEB Journal
3576:978-92-4-159526-1
3254:978-0-470-92275-0
3061:10.1021/tx100412m
3009:10.1111/apt.12109
2921:on 11 August 2016
2787:Radio New Zealand
2761:Radio New Zealand
2731:www.fijitimes.com
2699:(10): 2503–2516.
2630:"Kawa ~ Kawakawa"
2612:978-0-473-28873-0
2599:McLean M (2014).
2456:Piper methysticum
2440:978-0-85883-589-4
2303:(18): 1647–1653.
2133:978-0-89281-726-9
2089:978-0-300-23898-3
1807:Western Australia
1720:anxiety disorders
1436:herbal supplement
980:demethoxyyangonin
757:Piper methysticum
483:Zingiber zerumbet
447:betel nut chewing
413:Piper subbullatum
405:Piper wichmannii,
393:History and names
364:systematic review
214:Piper methysticum
202:
201:
189:Piper methysticum
63:Piper methysticum
16:(Redirected from
20246:
20159:Culture of Tonga
20154:Culture of Samoa
20139:Medicinal plants
20094:
20093:
20081:
20080:
20068:
20067:
20055:
20054:
20042:
20041:
20029:
20028:
20016:
20015:
20006:
20005:
19993:
19992:
19980:
19979:
19967:
19966:
19954:
19953:
19941:
19940:
19928:
19927:
19915:
19914:
19902:
19901:
19889:
19888:
19876:
19875:
19863:
19862:
19850:
19849:
19837:
19836:
19835:
19822:
19821:
19820:
19790:
19789:
19666:
19593:Nociceptin (1-7)
19489:Norbuprenorphine
19426:Dihydroetorphine
19360:
19359:
19249:Methylnaltrexone
19159:Catechin gallate
18891:Norbuprenorphine
18616:Dihydroetorphine
18486:β-Funaltrexamine
18446:
18445:
18345:Methylnaltrexone
18285:Catechin gallate
18099:Norbuprenorphine
17939:Dihydroetorphine
17789:
17788:
17653:Methylnaltrexone
17545:Catechin gallate
17500:β-Funaltrexamine
16912:Dihydroetorphine
16655:
16654:
16630:
16623:
16616:
16607:
16606:
16322:Dihydroergolines
16239:3-Hydroxybutanal
15872:Piperidinediones
15605:Imidazopyridines
15139:6-Methylapigenin
15071:Hydroxyphenamate
14943:SH-053-R-CH3-2′F
14648:Ethyl dirazepate
14528:Chlordiazepoxide
14420:Thiobutabarbital
14132:Trifluoroethanol
14122:Trichloroethanol
14112:-Pentanol (2M2B)
14006:
13997:
13990:
13983:
13974:
13973:
13931:
13927:
13906:
13902:
13896:
13895:
13823:
13822:
13741:
13740:
13737:
13733:
13642:
13641:
13638:
13634:
13628:
13627:
13573:
13572:
13569:
13565:
13509:
13508:
13505:
13501:
13120:Sodium valproate
13035:Chlorphenacemide
13017:Anticonvulsants:
12900:
12899:
12896:
12892:
12886:
12885:
12835:Arachidonic acid
12818:
12817:
12814:
12810:
12716:
12715:
12712:
12708:
12685:
12681:
12602:
12598:
12554:Dextromethorphan
12530:
12526:
12422:
12418:
12400:
12399:
12396:
12392:
11912:
11911:
11908:
11904:
11898:
11897:
11870:L-type-selective
11681:Dimeditiapramine
11643:Others/unsorted:
11425:T-type-selective
11412:R-type-selective
11394:P-type-selective
11346:ω-Conotoxin GVIA
11336:N-type-selective
10966:Dihydropyridines
10960:L-type-selective
10947:
10946:
10943:
10939:
10933:
10932:
10913:
10906:
10899:
10890:
10889:
10759:
10681:
10444:
10440:
10434:
10433:
10430:
10312:
10308:
10302:
10301:
10298:
10251:N-Oleoyldopamine
10221:2-Oleoylglycerol
10211:
10210:
10207:
10129:THC (dronabinol)
10039:
10038:
10035:
9992:THC (dronabinol)
9952:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9854:THC (dronabinol)
9629:
9628:
9625:
9621:
9454:Inverse agonists
9430:THC (dronabinol)
9206:
9205:
9202:
9198:
9189:
9188:
9185:
9158:
9151:
9144:
9135:
9134:
9078:Pitcairn Islands
9048:French Polynesia
9033:Christmas Island
8962:Papua New Guinea
8942:Marshall Islands
8915:Sovereign states
8901:
8894:
8887:
8878:
8877:
8795:Norfolk Islander
8740:Fijian (iTaukei)
8543:Papua New Guinea
8416:Pitcairn Islands
8386:French Polynesia
8371:Christmas Island
8300:Papua New Guinea
8280:Marshall Islands
8253:Sovereign states
8239:
8232:
8225:
8216:
8215:
8171:Pitcairn Islands
8141:French Polynesia
8126:Christmas Island
8055:Papua New Guinea
8035:Marshall Islands
8008:Sovereign states
7994:
7987:
7980:
7971:
7970:
7964:
7963:
7949:Papua New Guinea
7612:Marshall Islands
7562:Pitcairn Islands
7557:Papua New Guinea
7497:Lomilomi massage
7443:Caroline Islands
7316:Papua New Guinea
7224:
7217:
7210:
7201:
7200:
7122:muscle relaxants
7025:
7022:
6818:
6817:
6552:
6551:
6489:4-Fluorophenibut
6225:Piperidinediones
6099:Allopregnanolone
5681:Trichloroethanol
5639:
5638:
5607:
5600:
5593:
5584:
5583:
5487:
5486:
5443:
5436:
5429:
5420:
5419:
5415:
5407:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5337:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5311:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5263:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5237:
5231:
5230:
5215:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5204:
5190:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5165:
5159:
5158:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5120:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5094:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5068:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5006:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4926:
4915:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4895:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4835:
4829:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4797:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4675:
4666:
4665:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4569:The Kava Library
4561:
4555:
4554:
4526:
4515:
4514:
4496:
4472:
4466:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4442:
4432:
4415:Lees AJ (1989).
4412:
4406:
4405:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4342:
4333:
4332:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4184:10.1002/ptr.4916
4166:
4160:
4159:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4112:
4106:
4105:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4027:10.1002/hup.1180
4010:
4004:
4003:
3985:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3891:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3840:
3834:
3833:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3703:
3694:
3693:
3683:
3665:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3590:
3581:
3580:
3560:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3540:
3529:
3521:
3512:
3511:
3501:
3461:
3452:
3451:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3413:www.frommers.com
3405:
3399:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3375:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3195:
3186:
3185:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3092:
3073:
3072:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3011:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2944:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2917:. Archived from
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2865:
2854:
2845:
2844:
2812:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2733:. Archived from
2723:
2717:
2716:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2661:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2626:
2617:
2616:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2422:
2411:
2410:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2291:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2263:
2248:
2247:
2237:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2185:
2168:(2): 1164–1169.
2153:
2138:
2137:
2117:
2094:
2093:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2029:. Archived from
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1342:and the coral a
1107:Potentiation of
1095:Pharmacodynamics
797:Pentecost Island
785:Pentecost Island
734:
731:
702:Papua New Guinea
608:Lord Howe Island
454:Proto-Polynesian
409:Piper wichmannii
383:organic solvents
323:, some parts of
301:sedating effects
191:
79:
78:
57:
45:
44:
27:Species of plant
21:
20254:
20253:
20249:
20248:
20247:
20245:
20244:
20243:
20144:Oceanian drinks
20134:Culture of Fiji
20104:
20103:
20102:
20097:
20089:
20084:
20076:
20071:
20063:
20058:
20050:
20045:
20037:
20032:
20024:
20019:
20011:
20009:
20001:
19996:
19988:
19983:
19975:
19970:
19962:
19957:
19949:
19944:
19936:
19931:
19923:
19918:
19910:
19905:
19897:
19892:
19884:
19879:
19871:
19866:
19858:
19853:
19845:
19840:
19831:
19830:
19825:
19816:
19815:
19810:
19797:
19787:
19782:
19664:
19627:
19558:
19543:
19484:
19406:
19398:
19390:
19386:
19378:
19355:
19343:
19139:Binaltorphimine
19084:6β-Naltrexol-d4
19047:
18666:Ethylketazocine
18621:Dihydromorphine
18441:
18429:
18240:6β-Naltrexol-d4
18213:
17969:Ethylketazocine
17944:Dihydromorphine
17784:
17772:
17480:6β-Naltrexol-d4
17433:
17232:Oxymorphonazine
16987:Furanylfentanyl
16917:Dihydromorphine
16772:Benzhydrocodone
16661:
16659:
16650:
16642:
16637:Opioid receptor
16634:
16604:
16599:
16577:
16535:isovaleric acid
16498:Sulfonylalkanes
16396:Hopantenic acid
16380:tolfenamic acid
16368:flufenamic acid
16330:dihydroergosine
16273:lithium bromide
16232:Others/unsorted
16227:
16088:Dichloromethane
16063:Chloral hydrate
16058:Chloral betaine
15995:
15932:
15899:
15866:
15838:
15567:Cyclopyrrolones
15552:
15458:Etiocholanolone
15373:
15330:
15291:5-Hydroxykavain
15241:
15213:
15125:
15007:
14455:Benzodiazepines
14449:
14260:Ethallobarbital
14255:Enallylpropymal
14136:
14117:Tribromoethanol
14104:-Butanol (2M2P)
14050:alcoholic drink
14012:
14009:
14001:
13971:
13966:
13944:
13929:
13919:
13904:
13879:
13875:Trifluoperazine
13870:Tolfenamic acid
13840:Flufenamic acid
13810:
13767:
13735:
13721:
13703:
13669:Flufenamic acid
13664:Ethacrynic acid
13636:
13609:
13567:
13553:
13535:
13503:
13489:
13436:
13267:Metabutoxycaine
13232:Diphenhydramine
13222:Cyclomethycaine
13187:Levobupivacaine
12894:
12867:
12849:
12812:
12798:
12794:Tolfenamic acid
12769:Flufenamic acid
12764:
12746:
12732:
12710:
12707:
12693:
12683:
12600:
12597:
12578:
12528:
12420:
12417:
12394:
12380:
12365:
12347:
12327:
12236:Norpropoxyphene
12113:11.1)-specific:
12112:
11906:
11879:
11855:
11811:Rhynchophylline
11561:
10941:
10922:
10917:
10887:
10882:
10856:
10843:
10798:
10750:
10672:
10591:
10462:
10442:
10424:
10423:
10411:
10310:
10292:
10291:
10275:
10194:
10133:
10022:
10001:
9942:
9929:
9873:
9623:
9620:
9606:
9500:
9449:
9213:
9210:
9200:
9197:
9179:
9178:
9170:
9162:
9132:
9127:
9092:
9020:
9014:
8997:
8991:
8972:Solomon Islands
8910:
8905:
8869:
8699:
8678:
8597:
8563:Solomon Islands
8430:
8358:
8352:
8335:
8329:
8310:Solomon Islands
8248:
8243:
8201:
8185:
8113:
8107:
8090:
8084:
8065:Solomon Islands
8003:
7998:
7953:
7900:Aloha Festivals
7875:
7749:
7708:Paopao (Tuvalu)
7698:Māori migration
7646:
7618:Stick charts of
7572:Solomon Islands
7455:Chatham Islands
7417:
7411:
7360:
7240:
7233:
7228:
7198:
7193:
7057:
7020:
7010:
6982:
6945:
6929:
6875:
6822:Antidepressants
6813:
6804:
6775:Dexmedetomidine
6756:
6743:
6689:
6619:Antidepressants
6613:
6574:Diphenhydramine
6547:
6538:
6476:
6463:
6452:Isovaleric acid
6415:Sulfonylalkanes
6370:Chloral hydrate
6365:Chloral betaine
6343:Lithium bromide
6315:
6252:
6219:
6201:
6133:
6080:
6037:
6009:
5951:
5834:Benzodiazepines
5828:
5734:Ethallobarbital
5685:
5634:
5625:
5611:
5581:
5572:
5568:Pipermethystine
5556:
5528:
5478:
5452:
5447:
5402:
5375:
5373:
5368:
5365:
5360:
5359:
5349:
5347:
5339:
5338:
5334:
5324:
5322:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5298:
5296:
5287:
5286:
5282:
5272:
5270:
5265:
5264:
5260:
5250:
5248:
5245:www.hc-sc.gc.ca
5239:
5238:
5234:
5217:
5216:
5212:
5202:
5200:
5198:gazette.govt.nz
5192:
5191:
5187:
5177:
5175:
5167:
5166:
5162:
5147:
5143:
5133:
5131:
5122:
5121:
5117:
5107:
5105:
5096:
5095:
5091:
5081:
5079:
5069:
5065:
5055:
5053:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5030:
5028:
5018:
5014:
5004:
5002:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4982:
4980:
4970:
4966:
4956:
4954:
4945:
4944:
4940:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4913:
4907:
4903:
4893:
4891:
4882:
4881:
4877:
4867:
4865:
4858:
4854:
4844:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4826:Wayback Machine
4810:
4808:
4807:on 20 July 2006
4799:
4798:
4794:
4783:
4781:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4757:
4755:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4727:
4725:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4676:
4669:
4638:10.1002/hup.299
4622:
4618:
4587:
4583:
4573:
4571:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4527:
4518:
4473:
4469:
4460:
4456:
4413:
4409:
4370:
4366:
4343:
4336:
4313:10.1002/hup.532
4297:
4293:
4254:
4250:
4219:
4215:
4167:
4163:
4140:
4136:
4129:
4113:
4109:
4062:
4058:
4011:
4007:
3962:
3958:
3919:
3915:
3908:
3892:
3885:
3875:
3873:
3867:
3863:
3853:
3851:
3841:
3837:
3806:
3802:
3795:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3755:
3751:
3704:
3697:
3642:
3638:
3601:(36): 970–972.
3591:
3584:
3577:
3561:
3554:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3515:
3462:
3455:
3442:(10): 555–559.
3432:
3428:
3418:
3416:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3393:
3389:
3352:
3348:
3309:
3305:
3266:
3262:
3255:
3239:
3235:
3196:
3189:
3158:
3154:
3115:
3111:
3101:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3076:
3055:(7): 992–1002.
3045:
3041:
2988:
2984:
2945:
2934:
2924:
2922:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2863:
2855:
2848:
2827:(2–3): 96–103.
2813:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2737:on 30 June 2016
2725:
2724:
2720:
2689:
2685:
2659:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2597:
2593:
2578:
2574:
2543:
2539:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2488:
2479:
2478:
2471:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2425:Ross M (2008).
2423:
2414:
2379:
2375:
2344:
2340:
2292:
2277:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2251:
2220:(1): CD003383.
2206:
2199:
2154:
2141:
2134:
2118:
2097:
2090:
2068:
2061:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2033:on 10 June 2018
2021:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1917:
1908:
1889:
1882:
1876:
1816:
1794:The Australian
1788:
1776:
1744:Pacific Islands
1728:
1708:
1700:Fijian language
1688:
1686:Kava dermopathy
1658:benzodiazepines
1631:benzodiazepines
1623:anticonvulsants
1619:
1606:
1598:US Pharmacopeia
1590:
1582:
1577:
1561:
1545:
1539:
1517:
1491:
1475:Pipermethystine
1456:
1428:
1308:
1283:
1274:
1266:cognitive tests
1248:
1236:
1229:
1219:
1212:
1204:
1197:
1181:
1174:
1141:
1136:Binding to the
1112:
1101:pharmacological
1097:
1085:pipermethystine
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:, without the R
1013:
1008:
940:
896:
871:
868:
866:
864:
780:
778:Growing regions
753:Piper wichmanii
749:
741:Piper wichmanii
732:
718:
712:(2.0 ft).
708:, and Vanuatu.
706:Solomon Islands
646:
644:Characteristics
401:
395:
303:throughout the
227:Pacific Islands
198:
193:
187:
174:
73:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
20252:
20242:
20241:
20236:
20231:
20226:
20221:
20216:
20211:
20206:
20201:
20196:
20191:
20186:
20181:
20176:
20171:
20166:
20164:Drugs in Tonga
20161:
20156:
20151:
20146:
20141:
20136:
20131:
20126:
20121:
20116:
20099:
20098:
20096:
20095:
20091:wfo-0000486456
20082:
20069:
20056:
20043:
20030:
20017:
20007:
19994:
19981:
19968:
19955:
19942:
19929:
19916:
19903:
19890:
19877:
19864:
19851:
19838:
19823:
19807:
19805:
19799:
19798:
19784:
19783:
19781:
19780:
19770:
19769:
19764:
19759:
19754:
19749:
19740:
19739:
19734:
19729:
19724:
19719:
19714:
19709:
19704:
19699:
19694:
19689:
19684:
19679:
19674:
19669:
19667:-Phenylalanine
19661:
19656:
19651:
19639:
19637:
19633:
19632:
19629:
19628:
19626:
19625:
19620:
19615:
19610:
19605:
19600:
19595:
19590:
19585:
19580:
19575:
19570:
19565:
19560:
19556:
19551:
19549:
19545:
19544:
19542:
19541:
19536:
19531:
19526:
19521:
19516:
19511:
19506:
19501:
19496:
19494:Racemethorphan
19491:
19486:
19482:
19478:
19473:
19468:
19463:
19458:
19453:
19448:
19443:
19441:Levomethorphan
19438:
19433:
19428:
19423:
19418:
19413:
19408:
19404:
19400:
19396:
19392:
19388:
19384:
19380:
19376:
19372:
19366:
19364:
19357:
19349:
19348:
19345:
19344:
19342:
19341:
19336:
19331:
19326:
19321:
19316:
19311:
19306:
19301:
19296:
19291:
19286:
19281:
19276:
19271:
19266:
19261:
19256:
19251:
19246:
19241:
19236:
19231:
19226:
19221:
19216:
19211:
19206:
19201:
19196:
19191:
19186:
19181:
19176:
19171:
19166:
19161:
19156:
19151:
19146:
19141:
19136:
19131:
19126:
19121:
19116:
19111:
19106:
19101:
19096:
19091:
19086:
19081:
19076:
19071:
19066:
19061:
19055:
19053:
19049:
19048:
19046:
19045:
19040:
19035:
19030:
19025:
19003:
18998:
18993:
18988:
18983:
18978:
18973:
18968:
18958:
18953:
18948:
18946:Racemethorphan
18943:
18938:
18933:
18928:
18923:
18918:
18913:
18908:
18903:
18898:
18893:
18888:
18883:
18878:
18873:
18868:
18863:
18858:
18853:
18848:
18843:
18838:
18833:
18828:
18823:
18818:
18813:
18808:
18803:
18798:
18793:
18788:
18783:
18778:
18773:
18768:
18766:Levomethorphan
18763:
18758:
18753:
18748:
18743:
18738:
18733:
18728:
18723:
18718:
18713:
18708:
18703:
18698:
18693:
18688:
18683:
18678:
18673:
18668:
18663:
18658:
18653:
18648:
18643:
18638:
18633:
18628:
18623:
18618:
18613:
18608:
18603:
18598:
18593:
18588:
18583:
18578:
18573:
18568:
18563:
18558:
18553:
18548:
18543:
18538:
18533:
18528:
18523:
18518:
18513:
18508:
18503:
18498:
18493:
18488:
18483:
18478:
18473:
18468:
18463:
18458:
18452:
18450:
18443:
18435:
18434:
18431:
18430:
18428:
18427:
18422:
18417:
18412:
18407:
18402:
18397:
18392:
18387:
18382:
18377:
18372:
18367:
18362:
18357:
18352:
18347:
18342:
18337:
18332:
18327:
18322:
18317:
18312:
18307:
18302:
18297:
18292:
18287:
18282:
18277:
18272:
18267:
18262:
18257:
18252:
18247:
18242:
18237:
18232:
18227:
18221:
18219:
18215:
18214:
18212:
18211:
18206:
18201:
18196:
18191:
18186:
18181:
18176:
18171:
18166:
18161:
18156:
18151:
18146:
18141:
18136:
18134:Racemethorphan
18131:
18126:
18121:
18116:
18111:
18106:
18101:
18096:
18091:
18086:
18081:
18076:
18071:
18066:
18061:
18056:
18051:
18046:
18044:Levomethorphan
18041:
18039:Leu-enkephalin
18036:
18031:
18026:
18021:
18016:
18011:
18006:
18001:
17996:
17991:
17986:
17981:
17976:
17971:
17966:
17961:
17956:
17951:
17946:
17941:
17936:
17931:
17926:
17921:
17916:
17911:
17906:
17901:
17896:
17891:
17886:
17881:
17876:
17871:
17866:
17861:
17856:
17851:
17846:
17841:
17836:
17831:
17826:
17821:
17816:
17811:
17806:
17801:
17795:
17793:
17786:
17778:
17777:
17774:
17773:
17771:
17770:
17765:
17760:
17755:
17750:
17745:
17740:
17735:
17730:
17725:
17720:
17718:Naltrexonazine
17715:
17710:
17705:
17700:
17695:
17690:
17685:
17680:
17675:
17670:
17665:
17660:
17655:
17650:
17645:
17640:
17635:
17630:
17625:
17620:
17615:
17610:
17605:
17600:
17595:
17590:
17585:
17580:
17575:
17570:
17565:
17560:
17555:
17552:
17547:
17542:
17537:
17532:
17527:
17522:
17517:
17512:
17507:
17502:
17497:
17492:
17487:
17482:
17477:
17472:
17467:
17462:
17457:
17452:
17447:
17441:
17439:
17435:
17434:
17432:
17431:
17426:
17421:
17416:
17411:
17406:
17401:
17396:
17391:
17386:
17381:
17376:
17371:
17366:
17361:
17356:
17351:
17346:
17341:
17336:
17331:
17326:
17321:
17319:Racemethorphan
17316:
17311:
17306:
17301:
17296:
17291:
17286:
17281:
17276:
17271:
17266:
17261:
17249:
17244:
17239:
17234:
17229:
17224:
17219:
17214:
17209:
17204:
17199:
17194:
17189:
17184:
17179:
17174:
17169:
17164:
17159:
17154:
17149:
17144:
17139:
17134:
17129:
17124:
17119:
17114:
17109:
17104:
17099:
17094:
17089:
17084:
17079:
17074:
17069:
17064:
17062:Levomethorphan
17059:
17054:
17052:Leu-enkephalin
17049:
17044:
17039:
17034:
17029:
17024:
17019:
17014:
17012:Hydromorphinol
17009:
17004:
16999:
16994:
16989:
16984:
16979:
16974:
16969:
16964:
16959:
16954:
16949:
16944:
16939:
16934:
16929:
16924:
16919:
16914:
16909:
16907:Dihydrocodeine
16904:
16899:
16894:
16889:
16884:
16879:
16874:
16872:Dextromoramide
16869:
16864:
16859:
16854:
16849:
16844:
16839:
16834:
16829:
16824:
16819:
16814:
16809:
16804:
16799:
16794:
16789:
16784:
16779:
16777:Benzylmorphine
16774:
16769:
16764:
16759:
16754:
16749:
16744:
16739:
16734:
16729:
16724:
16719:
16714:
16709:
16707:Acetylfentanyl
16704:
16699:
16694:
16689:
16684:
16679:
16674:
16668:
16666:
16652:
16644:
16643:
16633:
16632:
16625:
16618:
16610:
16601:
16600:
16582:
16579:
16578:
16576:
16575:
16570:
16565:
16560:
16551:
16550:
16543:valerenic acid
16528:
16523:
16513:
16495:
16490:
16485:
16480:
16475:
16470:
16465:
16460:
16455:
16450:
16445:
16440:
16435:
16413:
16408:
16403:
16398:
16393:
16388:
16383:
16372:mefenamic acid
16361:
16356:
16351:
16346:
16341:
16319:
16314:
16309:
16304:
16299:
16294:
16289:
16284:
16281:sodium bromide
16266:
16256:
16251:
16246:
16241:
16235:
16233:
16229:
16228:
16226:
16225:
16220:
16215:
16210:
16205:
16200:
16195:
16190:
16185:
16180:
16175:
16170:
16165:
16160:
16155:
16150:
16148:Methoxypropane
16145:
16143:Methoxyflurane
16140:
16135:
16130:
16125:
16120:
16115:
16110:
16105:
16103:Ethyl chloride
16100:
16095:
16090:
16085:
16080:
16075:
16070:
16065:
16060:
16055:
16050:
16045:
16040:
16035:
16030:
16025:
16020:
16015:
16009:
16007:
15997:
15996:
15994:
15993:
15988:
15983:
15978:
15973:
15968:
15963:
15958:
15953:
15948:
15942:
15940:
15938:Quinazolinones
15934:
15933:
15931:
15930:
15925:
15920:
15915:
15909:
15907:
15901:
15900:
15898:
15897:
15892:
15887:
15882:
15876:
15874:
15868:
15867:
15865:
15864:
15859:
15854:
15848:
15846:
15840:
15839:
15837:
15836:
15831:
15826:
15821:
15816:
15811:
15806:
15801:
15796:
15791:
15786:
15781:
15776:
15771:
15766:
15761:
15756:
15751:
15746:
15741:
15736:
15731:
15726:
15721:
15716:
15711:
15706:
15701:
15696:
15691:
15681:
15680:
15675:
15670:
15665:
15660:
15655:
15650:
15645:
15633:
15632:
15627:
15622:
15617:
15612:
15600:
15599:
15594:
15589:
15584:
15579:
15574:
15562:
15560:
15554:
15553:
15551:
15550:
15545:
15540:
15535:
15530:
15525:
15520:
15515:
15510:
15505:
15500:
15495:
15490:
15485:
15480:
15475:
15470:
15465:
15460:
15455:
15450:
15445:
15440:
15435:
15430:
15425:
15419:
15414:
15409:
15404:
15399:
15394:
15389:
15383:
15381:
15375:
15374:
15372:
15371:
15366:
15361:
15356:
15351:
15346:
15340:
15338:
15332:
15331:
15329:
15328:
15323:
15318:
15313:
15308:
15303:
15298:
15293:
15288:
15283:
15278:
15273:
15268:
15263:
15258:
15252:
15250:
15243:
15242:
15240:
15239:
15234:
15229:
15223:
15221:
15215:
15214:
15212:
15211:
15206:
15196:
15191:
15186:
15181:
15176:
15171:
15166:
15161:
15156:
15151:
15146:
15141:
15135:
15133:
15127:
15126:
15124:
15123:
15118:
15113:
15108:
15103:
15098:
15093:
15088:
15083:
15078:
15073:
15068:
15063:
15058:
15053:
15048:
15043:
15038:
15033:
15028:
15023:
15017:
15015:
15009:
15008:
15006:
15005:
15000:
14995:
14990:
14985:
14980:
14975:
14970:
14965:
14960:
14955:
14950:
14945:
14940:
14935:
14930:
14925:
14920:
14915:
14910:
14905:
14900:
14895:
14890:
14885:
14880:
14875:
14870:
14865:
14860:
14855:
14850:
14845:
14840:
14835:
14830:
14825:
14820:
14815:
14810:
14805:
14800:
14795:
14790:
14785:
14780:
14775:
14770:
14765:
14760:
14755:
14750:
14745:
14740:
14735:
14730:
14725:
14720:
14715:
14710:
14705:
14700:
14695:
14690:
14685:
14680:
14675:
14670:
14665:
14660:
14655:
14650:
14645:
14640:
14635:
14630:
14625:
14620:
14615:
14610:
14605:
14600:
14595:
14590:
14585:
14580:
14575:
14570:
14565:
14560:
14555:
14550:
14545:
14540:
14535:
14530:
14525:
14520:
14515:
14510:
14505:
14500:
14495:
14490:
14485:
14480:
14475:
14470:
14465:
14459:
14457:
14451:
14450:
14448:
14447:
14442:
14437:
14432:
14427:
14422:
14417:
14412:
14407:
14402:
14397:
14392:
14387:
14382:
14377:
14372:
14367:
14362:
14360:Propylbarbital
14357:
14352:
14347:
14342:
14337:
14332:
14327:
14322:
14317:
14312:
14307:
14302:
14297:
14292:
14287:
14282:
14277:
14272:
14267:
14262:
14257:
14252:
14247:
14242:
14237:
14235:Crotylbarbital
14232:
14227:
14222:
14217:
14212:
14207:
14202:
14200:Brophebarbital
14197:
14195:Brallobarbital
14192:
14187:
14182:
14177:
14172:
14167:
14162:
14157:
14152:
14146:
14144:
14138:
14137:
14135:
14134:
14129:
14124:
14119:
14114:
14106:
14098:
14093:
14088:
14083:
14081:Methylpentynol
14078:
14073:
14068:
14063:
14058:
14053:
14043:
14038:
14033:
14028:
14022:
14020:
14014:
14013:
14007:
14000:
13999:
13992:
13985:
13977:
13968:
13967:
13953:
13950:
13949:
13946:
13945:
13943:
13942:
13934:
13932:
13921:
13920:
13918:
13917:
13909:
13907:
13893:
13889:
13888:
13885:
13884:
13881:
13880:
13878:
13877:
13872:
13867:
13862:
13857:
13852:
13850:Mefenamic acid
13847:
13842:
13837:
13831:
13829:
13820:
13816:
13815:
13812:
13811:
13809:
13808:
13806:Phenanthridine
13803:
13798:
13793:
13788:
13783:
13777:
13775:
13769:
13768:
13766:
13765:
13760:
13755:
13749:
13747:
13738:
13727:
13726:
13723:
13722:
13720:
13719:
13713:
13711:
13705:
13704:
13702:
13701:
13696:
13691:
13686:
13681:
13676:
13671:
13666:
13661:
13656:
13650:
13648:
13639:
13625:
13619:
13618:
13615:
13614:
13611:
13610:
13608:
13607:
13602:
13597:
13592:
13587:
13581:
13579:
13570:
13559:
13558:
13555:
13554:
13552:
13551:
13545:
13543:
13537:
13536:
13534:
13533:
13528:
13523:
13517:
13515:
13506:
13495:
13494:
13491:
13490:
13488:
13487:
13482:
13477:
13472:
13467:
13454:Atracotoxins (
13452:
13446:
13444:
13438:
13437:
13435:
13434:
13429:
13424:
13414:
13409:
13400:
13399:
13397:Zetekitoxin AB
13394:
13389:
13384:
13379:
13370:
13369:
13364:
13359:
13354:
13349:
13344:
13339:
13334:
13329:
13324:
13315:
13314:
13309:
13304:
13299:
13297:Proxymetacaine
13294:
13289:
13284:
13279:
13274:
13269:
13264:
13259:
13254:
13249:
13244:
13239:
13234:
13229:
13224:
13219:
13214:
13209:
13207:Chloroprocaine
13204:
13199:
13194:
13180:
13175:
13170:
13165:
13153:
13152:
13147:
13142:
13137:
13132:
13127:
13122:
13117:
13112:
13107:
13102:
13097:
13092:
13087:
13082:
13077:
13072:
13067:
13062:
13057:
13052:
13047:
13042:
13037:
13032:
13027:
13022:
13013:
13012:
13007:
13002:
12997:
12992:
12987:
12982:
12977:
12972:
12967:
12962:
12957:
12952:
12947:
12942:
12937:
12932:
12927:
12918:
12917:
12908:
12906:
12897:
12883:
12877:
12876:
12873:
12872:
12869:
12868:
12866:
12865:
12859:
12857:
12851:
12850:
12848:
12847:
12842:
12837:
12832:
12826:
12824:
12815:
12804:
12803:
12800:
12799:
12797:
12796:
12791:
12786:
12781:
12776:
12771:
12762:
12756:
12754:
12748:
12747:
12745:
12744:
12739:
12730:
12724:
12722:
12713:
12705:
12699:
12698:
12695:
12694:
12692:
12691:
12674:
12673:
12668:
12663:
12658:
12653:
12648:
12643:
12638:
12633:
12628:
12623:
12618:
12613:
12608:
12595:
12588:
12586:
12580:
12579:
12577:
12576:
12571:
12566:
12561:
12556:
12551:
12546:
12541:
12536:
12519:
12518:
12513:
12508:
12503:
12498:
12493:
12488:
12483:
12481:Glyclopyramide
12478:
12473:
12468:
12463:
12458:
12453:
12448:
12443:
12438:
12436:Chlorpropamide
12433:
12428:
12415:
12408:
12406:
12397:
12386:
12385:
12382:
12381:
12379:
12378:
12373:
12363:
12357:
12355:
12349:
12348:
12346:
12345:
12340:
12335:
12325:
12319:
12318:
12313:
12308:
12303:
12298:
12293:
12288:
12283:
12278:
12273:
12268:
12263:
12258:
12253:
12248:
12243:
12238:
12233:
12228:
12223:
12218:
12213:
12208:
12203:
12198:
12193:
12188:
12183:
12181:Clarithromycin
12178:
12173:
12171:Chlorpromazine
12168:
12163:
12158:
12153:
12148:
12143:
12138:
12133:
12128:
12123:
12118:
12110:
12102:
12101:
12096:
12091:
12086:
12081:
12076:
12071:
12066:
12061:
12056:
12051:
12046:
12041:
12036:
12031:
12026:
12021:
12016:
12011:
12006:
12001:
11996:
11991:
11986:
11981:
11976:
11971:
11966:
11961:
11956:
11951:
11946:
11941:
11936:
11931:
11926:
11920:
11918:
11909:
11895:
11889:
11888:
11885:
11884:
11881:
11880:
11878:
11877:
11865:
11863:
11857:
11856:
11854:
11853:
11848:
11843:
11838:
11833:
11828:
11823:
11818:
11813:
11808:
11803:
11798:
11793:
11791:Paramethadione
11788:
11783:
11778:
11773:
11768:
11763:
11758:
11753:
11748:
11743:
11738:
11733:
11728:
11723:
11718:
11713:
11708:
11703:
11698:
11693:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11673:
11668:
11663:
11658:
11653:
11648:
11639:
11638:
11633:
11628:
11623:
11618:
11613:
11608:
11603:
11598:
11593:
11588:
11583:
11578:
11573:
11566:gabapentinoids
11559:
11553:
11552:
11547:
11542:
11537:
11532:
11527:
11522:
11517:
11512:
11507:
11502:
11497:
11492:
11487:
11482:
11477:
11472:
11467:Non-selective:
11463:
11462:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11442:
11437:
11432:
11420:
11419:
11407:
11406:
11404:ω-Agatoxin IVB
11401:
11399:ω-Agatoxin IVA
11389:
11388:
11383:
11378:
11373:
11368:
11363:
11358:
11356:Huwentoxin XVI
11353:
11348:
11343:
11331:
11330:
11325:
11320:
11315:
11310:
11308:Cyproheptadine
11305:
11300:
11295:
11290:
11278:
11273:
11268:
11263:
11258:
11253:
11248:
11243:
11238:
11233:
11228:
11223:
11218:
11203:
11198:
11193:
11188:
11173:
11168:
11163:
11158:
11153:
11148:
11143:
11138:
11133:
11128:
11123:
11118:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11098:
11093:
11088:
11083:
11078:
11073:
11068:
11066:Levniguldipine
11063:
11058:
11053:
11048:
11043:
11038:
11033:
11028:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11008:
11006:Dexniguldipine
11003:
10998:
10993:
10988:
10983:
10978:
10973:
10955:
10953:
10944:
10930:
10924:
10923:
10916:
10915:
10908:
10901:
10893:
10884:
10883:
10881:
10880:
10872:
10865:
10861:
10858:
10857:
10855:
10854:
10846:
10841:
10830:
10829:
10827:Diacylglycerol
10824:
10819:
10810:
10808:
10804:
10803:
10800:
10799:
10797:
10796:
10791:
10786:
10784:Oleanolic acid
10781:
10776:
10771:
10769:Betulinic acid
10762:
10760:
10752:
10751:
10749:
10748:
10743:
10738:
10733:
10728:
10723:
10718:
10713:
10708:
10703:
10698:
10693:
10684:
10682:
10674:
10673:
10671:
10670:
10665:
10660:
10655:
10650:
10645:
10640:
10635:
10630:
10625:
10620:
10615:
10610:
10601:
10599:
10593:
10592:
10590:
10589:
10580:
10579:
10574:
10569:
10564:
10559:
10554:
10549:
10544:
10539:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10514:
10509:
10504:
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10469:
10464:
10460:
10456:
10447:
10445:
10431:
10417:
10416:
10413:
10412:
10410:
10409:
10404:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10374:
10369:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10349:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10329:
10324:
10315:
10313:
10299:
10285:
10284:
10281:
10280:
10277:
10276:
10274:
10273:
10268:
10263:
10258:
10253:
10248:
10243:
10238:
10233:
10228:
10223:
10217:
10215:
10208:
10200:
10199:
10196:
10195:
10193:
10192:
10187:
10182:
10177:
10172:
10167:
10162:
10157:
10152:
10147:
10141:
10139:
10135:
10134:
10132:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10091:
10086:
10081:
10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10045:
10043:
10036:
10028:
10027:
10024:
10023:
10021:
10020:
10015:
10009:
10007:
10003:
10002:
10000:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9979:
9974:
9969:
9964:
9958:
9956:
9949:
9935:
9934:
9931:
9930:
9928:
9927:
9922:
9917:
9912:
9907:
9902:
9897:
9892:
9887:
9881:
9879:
9875:
9874:
9872:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9856:
9851:
9846:
9841:
9839:Serinolamide A
9836:
9831:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9781:
9776:
9771:
9766:
9761:
9756:
9751:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9731:
9726:
9721:
9716:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9691:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9635:
9633:
9626:
9618:
9612:
9611:
9608:
9607:
9605:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9584:
9579:
9574:
9569:
9564:
9559:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9539:
9534:
9529:
9524:
9519:
9514:
9508:
9506:
9502:
9501:
9499:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9457:
9455:
9451:
9450:
9448:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9425:Serinolamide A
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9347:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9312:
9307:
9302:
9297:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9235:11-Hydroxy-THC
9232:
9227:
9221:
9219:
9203:
9195:
9186:
9172:
9171:
9161:
9160:
9153:
9146:
9138:
9129:
9128:
9101:
9098:
9097:
9094:
9093:
9091:
9090:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9068:Norfolk Island
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9028:American Samoa
9024:
9022:
9016:
9015:
9013:
9012:
9007:
9001:
8999:
8998:of New Zealand
8993:
8992:
8990:
8989:
8984:
8979:
8974:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8918:
8916:
8912:
8911:
8904:
8903:
8896:
8889:
8881:
8875:
8871:
8870:
8868:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8734:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8707:
8705:
8701:
8700:
8698:
8697:
8692:
8686:
8684:
8680:
8679:
8677:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8605:
8603:
8599:
8598:
8596:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8540:
8535:
8530:
8525:
8524:
8523:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8442:
8440:
8436:
8435:
8432:
8431:
8429:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8413:
8408:
8406:Norfolk Island
8403:
8398:
8393:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8368:
8366:American Samoa
8362:
8360:
8354:
8353:
8351:
8350:
8345:
8339:
8337:
8336:of New Zealand
8331:
8330:
8328:
8327:
8322:
8317:
8312:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8256:
8254:
8250:
8249:
8242:
8241:
8234:
8227:
8219:
8213:
8207:
8206:
8203:
8202:
8197:
8195:
8191:
8190:
8187:
8186:
8184:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8161:Norfolk Island
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8121:American Samoa
8117:
8115:
8109:
8108:
8106:
8105:
8100:
8094:
8092:
8091:of New Zealand
8086:
8085:
8083:
8082:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8011:
8009:
8005:
8004:
7997:
7996:
7989:
7982:
7974:
7968:
7961:
7955:
7954:
7952:
7951:
7946:
7945:
7944:
7934:
7933:
7932:
7927:
7919:
7914:
7913:
7912:
7907:
7902:
7894:
7893:
7892:
7890:Garma Festival
7883:
7881:
7877:
7876:
7874:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7763:
7757:
7755:
7751:
7750:
7748:
7747:
7742:
7741:
7740:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7663:Alingano Maisu
7660:
7654:
7652:
7648:
7647:
7645:
7644:
7643:
7642:
7635:
7623:
7622:
7621:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7547:Norfolk Island
7544:
7539:
7538:
7537:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7501:
7500:
7488:
7487:
7486:
7479:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7440:
7435:
7434:
7433:
7421:
7419:
7413:
7412:
7410:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7368:
7366:
7362:
7361:
7359:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7274:kapa (Hawaiʻi)
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7250:
7248:
7242:
7241:
7238:
7235:
7234:
7227:
7226:
7219:
7212:
7204:
7195:
7194:
7192:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7169:Passion flower
7166:
7156:
7151:
7150:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7115:
7110:
7105:
7100:
7099:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7078:
7077:
7076:
7065:
7063:
7059:
7058:
7056:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7029:
7027:
7018:
7012:
7011:
7009:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6992:
6990:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6965:
6959:
6957:
6951:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6937:
6935:
6931:
6930:
6928:
6927:
6926:
6925:
6919:
6914:
6904:
6903:
6902:
6896:
6894:Chlorpromazine
6885:
6883:
6881:Antipsychotics
6877:
6876:
6874:
6873:
6872:
6871:
6865:
6855:
6854:
6853:
6847:
6842:
6832:
6826:
6824:
6815:
6811:
6806:
6805:
6803:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6761:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6742:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6733:
6728:
6718:
6717:
6716:
6710:
6708:Chlorpromazine
6699:
6697:
6695:Antipsychotics
6691:
6690:
6688:
6687:
6686:
6685:
6679:
6669:
6668:
6667:
6661:
6656:
6646:
6645:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6623:
6621:
6615:
6614:
6612:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6569:Cyproheptadine
6566:
6560:
6558:
6556:Antihistamines
6549:
6545:
6540:
6539:
6537:
6536:
6531:
6526:
6521:
6516:
6513:sodium oxybate
6506:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6484:1,4-Butanediol
6480:
6478:
6474:
6469:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6457:Valerenic acid
6454:
6449:
6439:
6434:
6433:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6367:
6362:
6357:
6356:
6355:
6353:Sodium bromide
6350:
6345:
6334:
6329:
6323:
6321:
6317:
6316:
6314:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6262:
6260:
6258:Quinazolinones
6254:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6229:
6227:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6217:
6211:
6209:
6203:
6202:
6200:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6143:
6141:
6135:
6134:
6132:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6090:
6088:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6047:
6045:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6019:
6017:
6011:
6010:
6008:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5961:
5959:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5838:
5836:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5779:Propylbarbital
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5695:
5693:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5676:Methylpentynol
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5647:
5645:
5636:
5632:
5627:
5626:
5610:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5587:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5538:
5536:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5495:
5493:
5484:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5453:
5446:
5445:
5438:
5431:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5400:
5387:
5382:
5364:
5363:External links
5361:
5358:
5357:
5345:faolex.fao.org
5332:
5321:on 3 June 2009
5306:
5280:
5258:
5232:
5210:
5185:
5160:
5141:
5115:
5089:
5063:
5038:
5012:
4990:
4964:
4938:
4901:
4875:
4852:
4830:
4792:
4765:
4735:
4713:
4667:
4632:(4): 353–356.
4616:
4581:
4556:
4516:
4467:
4454:
4407:
4380:(9): 1239–82.
4364:
4353:(2): 130–137.
4347:Altern Med Rev
4334:
4307:(7): 525–533.
4291:
4264:(19): 2174–5.
4248:
4213:
4161:
4150:(2): 223–281.
4134:
4127:
4107:
4072:(3): 361–384.
4056:
4021:(2): 102–111.
4005:
3976:(2): 389–396.
3956:
3923:Food Chemistry
3913:
3906:
3883:
3861:
3835:
3816:(4): 1065–81.
3800:
3793:
3775:
3749:
3714:(3): 673–679.
3708:Phytochemistry
3695:
3636:
3582:
3575:
3552:
3513:
3476:(3): 445–448.
3453:
3426:
3400:
3387:
3346:
3303:
3276:(7): 1105–20.
3260:
3253:
3233:
3187:
3162:Pharmacol. Res
3152:
3125:(11): 731–43.
3109:
3074:
3039:
2982:
2932:
2902:
2890:kavasociety.nz
2877:
2846:
2800:
2774:
2748:
2718:
2683:
2647:
2618:
2611:
2591:
2572:
2553:(2): 493–513.
2537:
2518:(2): 493–523.
2498:
2469:
2446:
2439:
2412:
2373:
2338:
2275:
2249:
2197:
2139:
2132:
2095:
2088:
2059:
2044:
2014:
1989:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1861:United Kingdom
1815:
1812:
1787:
1784:
1775:
1772:
1762:, coughs, and
1727:
1724:
1707:
1704:
1692:skin condition
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1669:
1654:
1645:in the liver.
1635:antipsychotics
1618:
1615:
1605:
1602:
1594:hepatotoxicity
1589:
1586:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1560:
1557:
1538:
1535:
1513:Main article:
1490:
1487:
1455:
1452:
1432:Pharmaceutical
1427:
1424:
1307:
1304:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1255:benzodiazepine
1246:
1234:
1227:
1217:
1210:
1202:
1195:
1179:
1176:receptor, the
1172:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1147:Inhibition of
1145:
1144:(by yangonin).
1139:
1134:
1127:norepinephrine
1116:
1110:
1099:The following
1096:
1093:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
998:also present.
939:
936:
923:Piper excelsum
920:The Kawakawa (
905:Piper excelsum
895:
892:
861:
801:Espiritu Santo
779:
776:
748:
745:
717:
714:
700:were all from
678:P. methysticum
645:
642:
604:Norfolk Island
595:Piper excelsum
427:Lapita culture
394:
391:
381:produced with
200:
199:
194:
183:
182:
176:
175:
168:
166:
162:
161:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
117:
116:
111:
104:
103:
98:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
67:
66:
59:
58:
50:
49:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
20251:
20240:
20237:
20235:
20232:
20230:
20227:
20225:
20222:
20220:
20217:
20215:
20212:
20210:
20207:
20205:
20202:
20200:
20197:
20195:
20192:
20190:
20187:
20185:
20182:
20180:
20177:
20175:
20172:
20170:
20167:
20165:
20162:
20160:
20157:
20155:
20152:
20150:
20149:Piper (plant)
20147:
20145:
20142:
20140:
20137:
20135:
20132:
20130:
20127:
20125:
20122:
20120:
20117:
20115:
20112:
20111:
20109:
20092:
20087:
20083:
20079:
20074:
20070:
20066:
20061:
20057:
20053:
20048:
20044:
20040:
20035:
20031:
20027:
20022:
20018:
20014:
20008:
20004:
19999:
19995:
19991:
19986:
19982:
19978:
19973:
19969:
19965:
19960:
19956:
19952:
19947:
19943:
19939:
19934:
19930:
19926:
19921:
19917:
19913:
19908:
19904:
19900:
19895:
19891:
19887:
19882:
19878:
19874:
19869:
19865:
19861:
19856:
19852:
19848:
19843:
19839:
19834:
19828:
19824:
19819:
19813:
19809:
19808:
19806:
19804:
19800:
19796:
19791:
19778:
19775:
19772:
19771:
19768:
19765:
19763:
19762:Pronociceptin
19760:
19758:
19757:Proenkephalin
19755:
19753:
19750:
19748:
19745:
19742:
19741:
19738:
19735:
19733:
19730:
19728:
19725:
19723:
19720:
19718:
19715:
19713:
19710:
19708:
19705:
19703:
19700:
19698:
19695:
19693:
19690:
19688:
19685:
19683:
19680:
19678:
19675:
19673:
19670:
19668:
19662:
19660:
19657:
19655:
19652:
19650:
19647:
19645:
19641:
19640:
19638:
19634:
19624:
19621:
19619:
19616:
19614:
19611:
19609:
19606:
19604:
19601:
19599:
19596:
19594:
19591:
19589:
19586:
19584:
19581:
19579:
19576:
19574:
19571:
19569:
19566:
19564:
19561:
19559:
19553:
19552:
19550:
19546:
19540:
19537:
19535:
19532:
19530:
19527:
19525:
19522:
19520:
19517:
19515:
19512:
19510:
19507:
19505:
19502:
19500:
19497:
19495:
19492:
19490:
19487:
19485:
19479:
19477:
19474:
19472:
19469:
19467:
19464:
19462:
19459:
19457:
19454:
19452:
19449:
19447:
19444:
19442:
19439:
19437:
19434:
19432:
19429:
19427:
19424:
19422:
19419:
19417:
19416:Buprenorphine
19414:
19412:
19409:
19407:
19401:
19399:
19393:
19391:
19381:
19379:
19373:
19371:
19368:
19367:
19365:
19361:
19358:
19354:
19350:
19340:
19337:
19335:
19332:
19330:
19327:
19325:
19322:
19320:
19317:
19315:
19312:
19310:
19307:
19305:
19302:
19300:
19297:
19295:
19292:
19290:
19287:
19285:
19282:
19280:
19277:
19275:
19272:
19270:
19267:
19265:
19262:
19260:
19257:
19255:
19252:
19250:
19247:
19245:
19242:
19240:
19237:
19235:
19232:
19230:
19227:
19225:
19222:
19220:
19217:
19215:
19212:
19210:
19207:
19205:
19202:
19200:
19197:
19195:
19192:
19190:
19187:
19185:
19182:
19180:
19177:
19175:
19172:
19170:
19167:
19165:
19162:
19160:
19157:
19155:
19152:
19150:
19149:Buprenorphine
19147:
19145:
19142:
19140:
19137:
19135:
19132:
19130:
19127:
19125:
19122:
19120:
19117:
19115:
19112:
19110:
19107:
19105:
19102:
19100:
19099:Amentoflavone
19097:
19095:
19092:
19090:
19087:
19085:
19082:
19080:
19077:
19075:
19072:
19070:
19067:
19065:
19062:
19060:
19057:
19056:
19054:
19050:
19044:
19041:
19039:
19036:
19034:
19031:
19029:
19026:
19023:
19022:nortriptyline
19019:
19015:
19011:
19010:amitriptyline
19007:
19004:
19002:
18999:
18997:
18994:
18992:
18989:
18987:
18984:
18982:
18979:
18977:
18974:
18972:
18969:
18966:
18962:
18959:
18957:
18954:
18952:
18949:
18947:
18944:
18942:
18939:
18937:
18934:
18932:
18929:
18927:
18924:
18922:
18919:
18917:
18914:
18912:
18909:
18907:
18904:
18902:
18899:
18897:
18894:
18892:
18889:
18887:
18884:
18882:
18879:
18877:
18874:
18872:
18869:
18867:
18864:
18862:
18859:
18857:
18854:
18852:
18849:
18847:
18844:
18842:
18839:
18837:
18834:
18832:
18829:
18827:
18824:
18822:
18819:
18817:
18814:
18812:
18809:
18807:
18804:
18802:
18799:
18797:
18794:
18792:
18789:
18787:
18784:
18782:
18779:
18777:
18774:
18772:
18769:
18767:
18764:
18762:
18759:
18757:
18754:
18752:
18749:
18747:
18744:
18742:
18739:
18737:
18734:
18732:
18729:
18727:
18724:
18722:
18719:
18717:
18716:Hydromorphone
18714:
18712:
18709:
18707:
18704:
18702:
18699:
18697:
18694:
18692:
18689:
18687:
18684:
18682:
18679:
18677:
18674:
18672:
18669:
18667:
18664:
18662:
18659:
18657:
18654:
18652:
18649:
18647:
18644:
18642:
18639:
18637:
18634:
18632:
18631:Diprenorphine
18629:
18627:
18624:
18622:
18619:
18617:
18614:
18612:
18611:Difelikefalin
18609:
18607:
18604:
18602:
18599:
18597:
18594:
18592:
18591:Cyprenorphine
18589:
18587:
18584:
18582:
18579:
18577:
18574:
18572:
18569:
18567:
18564:
18562:
18559:
18557:
18554:
18552:
18549:
18547:
18544:
18542:
18539:
18537:
18536:Big dynorphin
18534:
18532:
18529:
18527:
18524:
18522:
18519:
18517:
18514:
18512:
18509:
18507:
18504:
18502:
18499:
18497:
18494:
18492:
18489:
18487:
18484:
18482:
18479:
18477:
18474:
18472:
18469:
18467:
18464:
18462:
18459:
18457:
18456:3CS-nalmefene
18454:
18453:
18451:
18447:
18444:
18440:
18436:
18426:
18423:
18421:
18418:
18416:
18413:
18411:
18408:
18406:
18403:
18401:
18398:
18396:
18393:
18391:
18388:
18386:
18383:
18381:
18378:
18376:
18373:
18371:
18368:
18366:
18363:
18361:
18358:
18356:
18353:
18351:
18348:
18346:
18343:
18341:
18338:
18336:
18333:
18331:
18328:
18326:
18323:
18321:
18318:
18316:
18313:
18311:
18308:
18306:
18303:
18301:
18300:Diprenorphine
18298:
18296:
18293:
18291:
18288:
18286:
18283:
18281:
18278:
18276:
18273:
18271:
18268:
18266:
18263:
18261:
18258:
18256:
18253:
18251:
18248:
18246:
18243:
18241:
18238:
18236:
18233:
18231:
18228:
18226:
18223:
18222:
18220:
18216:
18210:
18207:
18205:
18202:
18200:
18197:
18195:
18192:
18190:
18187:
18185:
18182:
18180:
18177:
18175:
18172:
18170:
18167:
18165:
18162:
18160:
18157:
18155:
18152:
18150:
18147:
18145:
18142:
18140:
18137:
18135:
18132:
18130:
18127:
18125:
18122:
18120:
18117:
18115:
18112:
18110:
18107:
18105:
18102:
18100:
18097:
18095:
18092:
18090:
18087:
18085:
18082:
18080:
18077:
18075:
18072:
18070:
18067:
18065:
18062:
18060:
18057:
18055:
18052:
18050:
18047:
18045:
18042:
18040:
18037:
18035:
18032:
18030:
18027:
18025:
18022:
18020:
18017:
18015:
18012:
18010:
18007:
18005:
18004:Hydromorphone
18002:
18000:
17997:
17995:
17992:
17990:
17987:
17985:
17982:
17980:
17977:
17975:
17972:
17970:
17967:
17965:
17962:
17960:
17957:
17955:
17952:
17950:
17947:
17945:
17942:
17940:
17937:
17935:
17932:
17930:
17927:
17925:
17922:
17920:
17917:
17915:
17914:Deltorphin II
17912:
17910:
17907:
17905:
17902:
17900:
17897:
17895:
17892:
17890:
17887:
17885:
17882:
17880:
17877:
17875:
17872:
17870:
17867:
17865:
17862:
17860:
17857:
17855:
17852:
17850:
17847:
17845:
17842:
17840:
17837:
17835:
17832:
17830:
17827:
17825:
17822:
17820:
17817:
17815:
17812:
17810:
17807:
17805:
17802:
17800:
17799:3CS-nalmefene
17797:
17796:
17794:
17790:
17787:
17783:
17779:
17769:
17766:
17764:
17761:
17759:
17756:
17754:
17751:
17749:
17746:
17744:
17741:
17739:
17736:
17734:
17731:
17729:
17726:
17724:
17721:
17719:
17716:
17714:
17711:
17709:
17706:
17704:
17701:
17699:
17696:
17694:
17691:
17689:
17686:
17684:
17681:
17679:
17676:
17674:
17671:
17669:
17666:
17664:
17661:
17659:
17656:
17654:
17651:
17649:
17648:Methocinnamox
17646:
17644:
17641:
17639:
17636:
17634:
17631:
17629:
17626:
17624:
17621:
17619:
17616:
17614:
17611:
17609:
17608:Ginsenoside R
17606:
17604:
17601:
17599:
17596:
17594:
17591:
17589:
17586:
17584:
17581:
17579:
17578:Diprenorphine
17576:
17574:
17571:
17569:
17566:
17564:
17561:
17559:
17556:
17553:
17551:
17548:
17546:
17543:
17541:
17538:
17536:
17533:
17531:
17528:
17526:
17523:
17521:
17518:
17516:
17513:
17511:
17508:
17506:
17503:
17501:
17498:
17496:
17493:
17491:
17488:
17486:
17483:
17481:
17478:
17476:
17473:
17471:
17468:
17466:
17463:
17461:
17458:
17456:
17455:3CS-nalmefene
17453:
17451:
17448:
17446:
17443:
17442:
17440:
17436:
17430:
17427:
17425:
17422:
17420:
17417:
17415:
17412:
17410:
17407:
17405:
17402:
17400:
17397:
17395:
17392:
17390:
17387:
17385:
17382:
17380:
17377:
17375:
17372:
17370:
17367:
17365:
17362:
17360:
17357:
17355:
17352:
17350:
17347:
17345:
17342:
17340:
17337:
17335:
17332:
17330:
17327:
17325:
17322:
17320:
17317:
17315:
17312:
17310:
17307:
17305:
17302:
17300:
17297:
17295:
17292:
17290:
17287:
17285:
17284:Phencyclidine
17282:
17280:
17277:
17275:
17272:
17270:
17267:
17265:
17262:
17259:
17255:
17254:
17250:
17248:
17245:
17243:
17240:
17238:
17235:
17233:
17230:
17228:
17227:Oxymorphazone
17225:
17223:
17220:
17218:
17215:
17213:
17210:
17208:
17205:
17203:
17200:
17198:
17195:
17193:
17190:
17188:
17185:
17183:
17180:
17178:
17175:
17173:
17170:
17168:
17165:
17163:
17160:
17158:
17155:
17153:
17150:
17148:
17145:
17143:
17140:
17138:
17135:
17133:
17130:
17128:
17125:
17123:
17120:
17118:
17115:
17113:
17110:
17108:
17105:
17103:
17100:
17098:
17095:
17093:
17090:
17088:
17085:
17083:
17080:
17078:
17075:
17073:
17070:
17068:
17065:
17063:
17060:
17058:
17055:
17053:
17050:
17048:
17045:
17043:
17040:
17038:
17035:
17033:
17030:
17028:
17025:
17023:
17020:
17018:
17017:Hydromorphone
17015:
17013:
17010:
17008:
17005:
17003:
17000:
16998:
16995:
16993:
16990:
16988:
16985:
16983:
16980:
16978:
16975:
16973:
16970:
16968:
16965:
16963:
16962:Ethylmorphine
16960:
16958:
16955:
16953:
16952:Endomorphin-2
16950:
16948:
16947:Endomorphin-1
16945:
16943:
16940:
16938:
16935:
16933:
16930:
16928:
16927:Diphenoxylate
16925:
16923:
16920:
16918:
16915:
16913:
16910:
16908:
16905:
16903:
16900:
16898:
16895:
16893:
16890:
16888:
16885:
16883:
16880:
16878:
16875:
16873:
16870:
16868:
16865:
16863:
16860:
16858:
16855:
16853:
16850:
16848:
16845:
16843:
16840:
16838:
16835:
16833:
16830:
16828:
16825:
16823:
16820:
16818:
16815:
16813:
16812:Butyrfentanyl
16810:
16808:
16805:
16803:
16800:
16798:
16797:Buprenorphine
16795:
16793:
16790:
16788:
16785:
16783:
16780:
16778:
16775:
16773:
16770:
16768:
16765:
16763:
16760:
16758:
16755:
16753:
16750:
16748:
16745:
16743:
16740:
16738:
16735:
16733:
16730:
16728:
16725:
16723:
16720:
16718:
16715:
16713:
16712:Acrylfentanyl
16710:
16708:
16705:
16703:
16700:
16698:
16695:
16693:
16690:
16688:
16687:ψ-Akuammigine
16685:
16683:
16680:
16678:
16675:
16673:
16670:
16669:
16667:
16664:
16656:
16653:
16649:
16645:
16641:
16638:
16631:
16626:
16624:
16619:
16617:
16612:
16611:
16608:
16598:
16597:
16593:
16589:
16586:
16580:
16574:
16571:
16569:
16566:
16564:
16561:
16559:
16556:
16553:
16552:
16548:
16544:
16540:
16539:isovaleramide
16536:
16532:
16529:
16527:
16524:
16521:
16517:
16514:
16511:
16507:
16503:
16499:
16496:
16494:
16491:
16489:
16486:
16484:
16481:
16479:
16476:
16474:
16471:
16469:
16466:
16464:
16461:
16459:
16456:
16454:
16451:
16449:
16446:
16444:
16441:
16439:
16436:
16433:
16429:
16425:
16421:
16417:
16414:
16412:
16409:
16407:
16404:
16402:
16399:
16397:
16394:
16392:
16389:
16387:
16384:
16381:
16377:
16376:niflumic acid
16373:
16369:
16365:
16362:
16360:
16357:
16355:
16352:
16350:
16347:
16345:
16342:
16339:
16335:
16331:
16327:
16323:
16320:
16318:
16315:
16313:
16310:
16308:
16305:
16303:
16302:Clomethiazole
16300:
16298:
16297:Chlormezanone
16295:
16293:
16290:
16288:
16287:Carbamazepine
16285:
16282:
16278:
16274:
16270:
16267:
16264:
16260:
16257:
16255:
16252:
16250:
16247:
16245:
16242:
16240:
16237:
16236:
16234:
16230:
16224:
16221:
16219:
16216:
16214:
16211:
16209:
16206:
16204:
16201:
16199:
16196:
16194:
16191:
16189:
16186:
16184:
16181:
16179:
16176:
16174:
16171:
16169:
16166:
16164:
16163:Nitrous oxide
16161:
16159:
16156:
16154:
16151:
16149:
16146:
16144:
16141:
16139:
16136:
16134:
16131:
16129:
16126:
16124:
16121:
16119:
16116:
16114:
16111:
16109:
16106:
16104:
16101:
16099:
16096:
16094:
16093:Diethyl ether
16091:
16089:
16086:
16084:
16081:
16079:
16076:
16074:
16071:
16069:
16066:
16064:
16061:
16059:
16056:
16054:
16051:
16049:
16046:
16044:
16041:
16039:
16036:
16034:
16031:
16029:
16026:
16024:
16021:
16019:
16016:
16014:
16011:
16010:
16008:
16006:
16002:
15998:
15992:
15989:
15987:
15984:
15982:
15979:
15977:
15974:
15972:
15969:
15967:
15964:
15962:
15959:
15957:
15954:
15952:
15949:
15947:
15944:
15943:
15941:
15939:
15935:
15929:
15926:
15924:
15921:
15919:
15916:
15914:
15911:
15910:
15908:
15906:
15902:
15896:
15895:Pyrithyldione
15893:
15891:
15888:
15886:
15883:
15881:
15878:
15877:
15875:
15873:
15869:
15863:
15860:
15858:
15855:
15853:
15850:
15849:
15847:
15845:
15841:
15835:
15832:
15830:
15827:
15825:
15822:
15820:
15817:
15815:
15812:
15810:
15807:
15805:
15802:
15800:
15797:
15795:
15792:
15790:
15787:
15785:
15782:
15780:
15777:
15775:
15772:
15770:
15767:
15765:
15762:
15760:
15757:
15755:
15752:
15750:
15747:
15745:
15742:
15740:
15737:
15735:
15732:
15730:
15727:
15725:
15722:
15720:
15717:
15715:
15712:
15710:
15707:
15705:
15702:
15700:
15697:
15695:
15692:
15690:
15686:
15683:
15682:
15679:
15676:
15674:
15671:
15669:
15666:
15664:
15661:
15659:
15656:
15654:
15651:
15649:
15646:
15644:
15640:
15639:
15635:
15634:
15631:
15628:
15626:
15623:
15621:
15618:
15616:
15613:
15611:
15607:
15606:
15602:
15601:
15598:
15595:
15593:
15590:
15588:
15585:
15583:
15580:
15578:
15575:
15573:
15569:
15568:
15564:
15563:
15561:
15559:
15555:
15549:
15546:
15544:
15541:
15539:
15536:
15534:
15531:
15529:
15526:
15524:
15521:
15519:
15516:
15514:
15511:
15509:
15506:
15504:
15501:
15499:
15496:
15494:
15491:
15489:
15486:
15484:
15481:
15479:
15476:
15474:
15471:
15469:
15466:
15464:
15461:
15459:
15456:
15454:
15451:
15449:
15446:
15444:
15441:
15439:
15436:
15434:
15431:
15429:
15426:
15424:
15420:
15418:
15415:
15413:
15410:
15408:
15405:
15403:
15400:
15398:
15395:
15393:
15390:
15388:
15385:
15384:
15382:
15380:
15376:
15370:
15367:
15365:
15362:
15360:
15357:
15355:
15352:
15350:
15347:
15345:
15342:
15341:
15339:
15337:
15333:
15327:
15324:
15322:
15319:
15317:
15314:
15312:
15309:
15307:
15304:
15302:
15299:
15297:
15294:
15292:
15289:
15287:
15284:
15282:
15279:
15277:
15274:
15272:
15269:
15267:
15264:
15262:
15259:
15257:
15254:
15253:
15251:
15248:
15244:
15238:
15235:
15233:
15230:
15228:
15225:
15224:
15222:
15220:
15216:
15210:
15207:
15204:
15200:
15197:
15195:
15192:
15190:
15187:
15185:
15182:
15180:
15177:
15175:
15172:
15170:
15167:
15165:
15162:
15160:
15157:
15155:
15152:
15150:
15147:
15145:
15142:
15140:
15137:
15136:
15134:
15132:
15128:
15122:
15119:
15117:
15114:
15112:
15109:
15107:
15104:
15102:
15101:Phenprobamate
15099:
15097:
15094:
15092:
15089:
15087:
15084:
15082:
15079:
15077:
15074:
15072:
15069:
15067:
15066:Hexapropymate
15064:
15062:
15059:
15057:
15054:
15052:
15049:
15047:
15044:
15042:
15041:Difebarbamate
15039:
15037:
15034:
15032:
15029:
15027:
15024:
15022:
15019:
15018:
15016:
15014:
15010:
15004:
15001:
14999:
14996:
14994:
14991:
14989:
14986:
14984:
14981:
14979:
14976:
14974:
14971:
14969:
14966:
14964:
14961:
14959:
14956:
14954:
14951:
14949:
14946:
14944:
14941:
14939:
14936:
14934:
14931:
14929:
14926:
14924:
14921:
14919:
14916:
14914:
14911:
14909:
14906:
14904:
14901:
14899:
14896:
14894:
14891:
14889:
14886:
14884:
14881:
14879:
14876:
14874:
14871:
14869:
14866:
14864:
14861:
14859:
14856:
14854:
14853:Nortetrazepam
14851:
14849:
14846:
14844:
14841:
14839:
14836:
14834:
14831:
14829:
14826:
14824:
14821:
14819:
14816:
14814:
14811:
14809:
14806:
14804:
14801:
14799:
14796:
14794:
14791:
14789:
14786:
14784:
14781:
14779:
14776:
14774:
14771:
14769:
14766:
14764:
14761:
14759:
14756:
14754:
14751:
14749:
14746:
14744:
14741:
14739:
14736:
14734:
14731:
14729:
14726:
14724:
14721:
14719:
14716:
14714:
14713:Flutoprazepam
14711:
14709:
14706:
14704:
14701:
14699:
14696:
14694:
14693:Flunitrazolam
14691:
14689:
14688:Flunitrazepam
14686:
14684:
14681:
14679:
14678:Flubromazolam
14676:
14674:
14673:Flubromazepam
14671:
14669:
14666:
14664:
14661:
14659:
14656:
14654:
14651:
14649:
14646:
14644:
14641:
14639:
14636:
14634:
14631:
14629:
14626:
14624:
14621:
14619:
14616:
14614:
14611:
14609:
14606:
14604:
14601:
14599:
14596:
14594:
14591:
14589:
14586:
14584:
14581:
14579:
14576:
14574:
14573:Cloniprazepam
14571:
14569:
14566:
14564:
14561:
14559:
14556:
14554:
14551:
14549:
14546:
14544:
14541:
14539:
14536:
14534:
14531:
14529:
14526:
14524:
14521:
14519:
14516:
14514:
14511:
14509:
14506:
14504:
14501:
14499:
14496:
14494:
14491:
14489:
14486:
14484:
14481:
14479:
14476:
14474:
14471:
14469:
14466:
14464:
14463:2-Oxoquazepam
14461:
14460:
14458:
14456:
14452:
14446:
14443:
14441:
14438:
14436:
14433:
14431:
14428:
14426:
14423:
14421:
14418:
14416:
14413:
14411:
14408:
14406:
14405:Thialbarbital
14403:
14401:
14400:Tetrabarbital
14398:
14396:
14393:
14391:
14388:
14386:
14385:Spirobarbital
14383:
14381:
14378:
14376:
14373:
14371:
14368:
14366:
14365:Proxibarbital
14363:
14361:
14358:
14356:
14355:Propallylonal
14353:
14351:
14348:
14346:
14343:
14341:
14338:
14336:
14335:Phenobarbital
14333:
14331:
14328:
14326:
14325:Pentobarbital
14323:
14321:
14318:
14316:
14315:Narcobarbital
14313:
14311:
14308:
14306:
14303:
14301:
14298:
14296:
14293:
14291:
14288:
14286:
14283:
14281:
14280:Heptobarbital
14278:
14276:
14273:
14271:
14268:
14266:
14263:
14261:
14258:
14256:
14253:
14251:
14250:Difebarbamate
14248:
14246:
14243:
14241:
14240:Cyclobarbital
14238:
14236:
14233:
14231:
14228:
14226:
14223:
14221:
14218:
14216:
14213:
14211:
14208:
14206:
14203:
14201:
14198:
14196:
14193:
14191:
14188:
14186:
14185:Benzobarbital
14183:
14181:
14178:
14176:
14173:
14171:
14168:
14166:
14163:
14161:
14158:
14156:
14153:
14151:
14148:
14147:
14145:
14143:
14139:
14133:
14130:
14128:
14125:
14123:
14120:
14118:
14115:
14113:
14111:
14107:
14105:
14103:
14099:
14097:
14094:
14092:
14089:
14087:
14084:
14082:
14079:
14077:
14074:
14072:
14069:
14067:
14064:
14062:
14059:
14057:
14056:Ethchlorvynol
14054:
14051:
14047:
14044:
14042:
14039:
14037:
14034:
14032:
14029:
14027:
14024:
14023:
14021:
14019:
14015:
14011:
13998:
13993:
13991:
13986:
13984:
13979:
13978:
13975:
13965:
13964:
13960:
13957:
13951:
13940:
13936:
13935:
13933:
13928:
13922:
13915:
13911:
13910:
13908:
13903:
13897:
13894:
13890:
13876:
13873:
13871:
13868:
13866:
13863:
13861:
13860:Niflumic acid
13858:
13856:
13853:
13851:
13848:
13846:
13843:
13841:
13838:
13836:
13833:
13832:
13830:
13828:
13824:
13821:
13817:
13807:
13804:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13792:
13789:
13787:
13784:
13782:
13779:
13778:
13776:
13774:
13770:
13764:
13761:
13759:
13756:
13754:
13753:Glibenclamide
13751:
13750:
13748:
13746:
13742:
13739:
13734:
13728:
13718:
13715:
13714:
13712:
13710:
13706:
13700:
13699:Niflumic acid
13697:
13695:
13692:
13690:
13687:
13685:
13684:Glibenclamide
13682:
13680:
13677:
13675:
13672:
13670:
13667:
13665:
13662:
13660:
13657:
13655:
13652:
13651:
13649:
13647:
13643:
13640:
13635:
13629:
13626:
13624:
13620:
13606:
13603:
13601:
13598:
13596:
13593:
13591:
13588:
13586:
13583:
13582:
13580:
13578:
13574:
13571:
13566:
13560:
13550:
13547:
13546:
13544:
13542:
13538:
13532:
13529:
13527:
13524:
13522:
13519:
13518:
13516:
13514:
13510:
13507:
13502:
13496:
13486:
13483:
13481:
13480:Grayanotoxins
13478:
13476:
13473:
13471:
13470:Batrachotoxin
13468:
13465:
13461:
13457:
13456:ω-Atracotoxin
13453:
13451:
13448:
13447:
13445:
13443:
13439:
13433:
13430:
13428:
13425:
13422:
13418:
13415:
13413:
13410:
13408:
13407:Buprenorphine
13405:
13402:
13401:
13398:
13395:
13393:
13390:
13388:
13385:
13383:
13380:
13378:
13375:
13372:
13371:
13368:
13365:
13363:
13360:
13358:
13355:
13353:
13350:
13348:
13345:
13343:
13340:
13338:
13335:
13333:
13330:
13328:
13325:
13323:
13320:
13317:
13316:
13313:
13310:
13308:
13305:
13303:
13300:
13298:
13295:
13293:
13290:
13288:
13285:
13283:
13280:
13278:
13275:
13273:
13270:
13268:
13265:
13263:
13260:
13258:
13255:
13253:
13250:
13248:
13245:
13243:
13240:
13238:
13235:
13233:
13230:
13228:
13225:
13223:
13220:
13218:
13215:
13213:
13210:
13208:
13205:
13203:
13200:
13198:
13195:
13192:
13188:
13184:
13181:
13179:
13176:
13174:
13171:
13169:
13166:
13164:
13162:
13158:
13155:
13154:
13151:
13148:
13146:
13143:
13141:
13140:Valproic acid
13138:
13136:
13133:
13131:
13128:
13126:
13123:
13121:
13118:
13116:
13113:
13111:
13108:
13106:
13103:
13101:
13098:
13096:
13093:
13091:
13088:
13086:
13085:Oxitriptyline
13083:
13081:
13080:Oxcarbazepine
13078:
13076:
13073:
13071:
13070:Licarbazepine
13068:
13066:
13063:
13061:
13058:
13056:
13053:
13051:
13048:
13046:
13043:
13041:
13038:
13036:
13033:
13031:
13028:
13026:
13025:Carbamazepine
13023:
13021:
13018:
13015:
13014:
13011:
13008:
13006:
13003:
13001:
12998:
12996:
12993:
12991:
12988:
12986:
12983:
12981:
12978:
12976:
12973:
12971:
12968:
12966:
12963:
12961:
12958:
12956:
12953:
12951:
12948:
12946:
12943:
12941:
12938:
12936:
12933:
12931:
12928:
12926:
12923:
12920:
12919:
12916:
12913:
12912:Antianginals:
12910:
12909:
12907:
12905:
12901:
12898:
12893:
12887:
12884:
12882:
12878:
12864:
12861:
12860:
12858:
12856:
12852:
12846:
12845:Norfluoxetine
12843:
12841:
12838:
12836:
12833:
12831:
12828:
12827:
12825:
12823:
12819:
12816:
12811:
12805:
12795:
12792:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12782:
12780:
12779:Niflumic acid
12777:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12758:
12757:
12755:
12753:
12749:
12743:
12740:
12738:
12735:
12733:
12726:
12725:
12723:
12721:
12717:
12714:
12709:
12700:
12690:
12687:
12682:
12676:
12675:
12672:
12669:
12667:
12664:
12662:
12659:
12657:
12654:
12652:
12649:
12647:
12644:
12642:
12639:
12637:
12634:
12632:
12631:Levcromakalim
12629:
12627:
12624:
12622:
12619:
12617:
12614:
12612:
12609:
12607:
12604:
12599:
12590:
12589:
12587:
12585:
12581:
12575:
12572:
12570:
12567:
12565:
12562:
12560:
12557:
12555:
12552:
12550:
12547:
12545:
12542:
12540:
12537:
12535:
12532:
12527:
12521:
12520:
12517:
12514:
12512:
12509:
12507:
12504:
12502:
12499:
12497:
12494:
12492:
12489:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12462:
12459:
12457:
12454:
12452:
12449:
12447:
12444:
12442:
12439:
12437:
12434:
12432:
12429:
12427:
12426:Acetohexamide
12424:
12419:
12410:
12409:
12407:
12405:
12401:
12398:
12393:
12387:
12377:
12374:
12372:
12369:
12367:
12359:
12358:
12356:
12354:
12350:
12344:
12341:
12339:
12336:
12334:
12331:
12329:
12321:
12320:
12317:
12314:
12312:
12309:
12307:
12304:
12302:
12299:
12297:
12294:
12292:
12289:
12287:
12284:
12282:
12279:
12277:
12274:
12272:
12271:Roxithromycin
12269:
12267:
12264:
12262:
12259:
12257:
12254:
12252:
12249:
12247:
12244:
12242:
12239:
12237:
12234:
12232:
12229:
12227:
12224:
12222:
12219:
12217:
12214:
12212:
12209:
12207:
12204:
12202:
12199:
12197:
12194:
12192:
12189:
12187:
12184:
12182:
12179:
12177:
12174:
12172:
12169:
12167:
12164:
12162:
12159:
12157:
12154:
12152:
12149:
12147:
12144:
12142:
12139:
12137:
12134:
12132:
12129:
12127:
12124:
12122:
12119:
12117:
12114:
12108:
12104:
12103:
12100:
12097:
12095:
12092:
12090:
12087:
12085:
12082:
12080:
12077:
12075:
12072:
12070:
12067:
12065:
12062:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12050:
12047:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12037:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12007:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11995:
11992:
11990:
11987:
11985:
11982:
11980:
11977:
11975:
11972:
11970:
11967:
11965:
11964:Charybdotoxin
11962:
11960:
11957:
11955:
11952:
11950:
11947:
11945:
11942:
11940:
11937:
11935:
11932:
11930:
11927:
11925:
11922:
11921:
11919:
11917:
11913:
11910:
11905:
11899:
11896:
11894:
11890:
11876:
11873:
11871:
11867:
11866:
11864:
11862:
11858:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11846:Trimethadione
11844:
11842:
11839:
11837:
11834:
11832:
11829:
11827:
11824:
11822:
11819:
11817:
11814:
11812:
11809:
11807:
11804:
11802:
11799:
11797:
11794:
11792:
11789:
11787:
11784:
11782:
11779:
11777:
11774:
11772:
11769:
11767:
11764:
11762:
11759:
11757:
11754:
11752:
11749:
11747:
11744:
11742:
11739:
11737:
11734:
11732:
11729:
11727:
11724:
11722:
11719:
11717:
11714:
11712:
11709:
11707:
11704:
11702:
11699:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11686:Diproteverine
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11664:
11662:
11659:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11649:
11647:
11644:
11641:
11640:
11637:
11634:
11632:
11629:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11609:
11607:
11604:
11602:
11599:
11597:
11594:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11563:
11555:
11554:
11551:
11548:
11546:
11545:Ruthenium red
11543:
11541:
11538:
11536:
11533:
11531:
11528:
11526:
11523:
11521:
11520:Levetiracetam
11518:
11516:
11513:
11511:
11508:
11506:
11503:
11501:
11498:
11496:
11493:
11491:
11488:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11471:
11470:ω-Agatoxin TK
11468:
11465:
11464:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11443:
11441:
11440:Niflumic acid
11438:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11422:
11421:
11418:
11415:
11413:
11409:
11408:
11405:
11402:
11400:
11397:
11395:
11391:
11390:
11387:
11384:
11382:
11379:
11377:
11374:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11344:
11342:
11339:
11337:
11333:
11332:
11329:
11326:
11324:
11321:
11319:
11316:
11314:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11299:
11296:
11294:
11291:
11289:
11286:
11282:
11279:
11277:
11274:
11272:
11269:
11267:
11264:
11262:
11259:
11257:
11254:
11252:
11249:
11247:
11244:
11242:
11239:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11229:
11227:
11224:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11214:
11212:
11207:
11204:
11202:
11199:
11197:
11194:
11192:
11189:
11187:
11184:
11182:
11177:
11174:
11172:
11169:
11167:
11164:
11162:
11159:
11157:
11154:
11152:
11149:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11139:
11137:
11134:
11132:
11129:
11127:
11124:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11084:
11082:
11079:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11067:
11064:
11062:
11061:Levamlodipine
11059:
11057:
11056:Lercanidipine
11054:
11052:
11049:
11047:
11044:
11042:
11039:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11029:
11027:
11024:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11014:
11012:
11009:
11007:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10994:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10977:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10967:
10963:
10961:
10957:
10956:
10954:
10952:
10948:
10945:
10940:
10934:
10931:
10929:
10925:
10921:
10914:
10909:
10907:
10902:
10900:
10895:
10894:
10891:
10879:
10877:
10873:
10871:
10870:
10866:
10863:
10862:
10859:
10853:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10838:
10835:
10832:
10831:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10820:
10818:
10815:
10812:
10811:
10809:
10805:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10775:
10774:Maslinic acid
10772:
10770:
10767:
10764:
10763:
10761:
10758:
10753:
10747:
10744:
10742:
10739:
10737:
10734:
10732:
10729:
10727:
10724:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10709:
10707:
10704:
10702:
10699:
10697:
10694:
10692:
10689:
10686:
10685:
10683:
10680:
10675:
10669:
10666:
10664:
10661:
10659:
10656:
10654:
10651:
10649:
10646:
10644:
10641:
10639:
10636:
10634:
10631:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10619:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10606:
10603:
10602:
10600:
10598:
10594:
10588:
10585:
10582:
10581:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10513:
10510:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10449:
10448:
10446:
10441:
10435:
10432:
10428:
10422:
10418:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10400:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10368:
10365:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10317:
10316:
10314:
10309:
10303:
10300:
10296:
10290:
10286:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10264:
10262:
10259:
10257:
10254:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10218:
10216:
10212:
10209:
10206:
10201:
10191:
10188:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10168:
10166:
10163:
10161:
10158:
10156:
10153:
10151:
10148:
10146:
10143:
10142:
10140:
10136:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10087:
10085:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10075:
10072:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10046:
10044:
10040:
10037:
10034:
10029:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10010:
10008:
10004:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9959:
9957:
9953:
9950:
9948:
9936:
9926:
9923:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9893:
9891:
9888:
9886:
9883:
9882:
9880:
9876:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9719:Caryophyllene
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9662:
9660:
9657:
9655:
9652:
9650:
9647:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9636:
9634:
9630:
9627:
9622:
9613:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9545:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9525:
9523:
9520:
9518:
9515:
9513:
9510:
9509:
9507:
9503:
9497:
9496:Zevaquenabant
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9458:
9456:
9452:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9385:Levonantradol
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9358:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9278:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9222:
9220:
9218:
9216:
9207:
9204:
9199:
9190:
9187:
9183:
9177:
9173:
9169:
9166:
9159:
9154:
9152:
9147:
9145:
9140:
9139:
9136:
9125:
9121:
9117:
9113:
9109:
9105:
9099:
9089:
9086:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9063:New Caledonia
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9043:Easter Island
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9025:
9023:
9017:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9002:
9000:
8994:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8919:
8917:
8913:
8909:
8902:
8897:
8895:
8890:
8888:
8883:
8882:
8879:
8876:
8872:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8732:
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8708:
8706:
8702:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8687:
8685:
8681:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8606:
8604:
8600:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8539:
8536:
8534:
8531:
8529:
8526:
8522:
8519:
8518:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8511:New Caledonia
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8466:Easter Island
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8443:
8441:
8437:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8402:
8401:New Caledonia
8399:
8397:
8394:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8381:Easter Island
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8363:
8361:
8355:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8340:
8338:
8332:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8257:
8255:
8251:
8247:
8240:
8235:
8233:
8228:
8226:
8221:
8220:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8208:
8200:
8196:
8192:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8162:
8159:
8157:
8156:New Caledonia
8154:
8152:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8136:Easter Island
8134:
8132:
8129:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8119:
8118:
8116:
8110:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8095:
8093:
8087:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8012:
8010:
8006:
8002:
7995:
7990:
7988:
7983:
7981:
7976:
7975:
7972:
7969:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7956:
7950:
7947:
7943:
7940:
7939:
7938:
7935:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7901:
7898:
7897:
7895:
7891:
7888:
7887:
7885:
7884:
7882:
7878:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7799:
7797:
7794:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7762:
7759:
7758:
7756:
7752:
7746:
7743:
7739:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7678:Dugout (boat)
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7649:
7641:
7640:
7636:
7634:
7633:
7629:
7628:
7627:
7624:
7620:
7619:
7615:
7614:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7536:
7533:
7532:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7525:New Caledonia
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7499:
7498:
7494:
7493:
7492:
7489:
7485:
7484:
7480:
7478:
7477:
7473:
7472:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7465:Easter Island
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7450:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7431:
7428:
7427:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7416:Geo-specific,
7414:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7369:
7367:
7365:Broad culture
7363:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7312:
7309:
7307:
7304:
7300:
7297:
7296:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7247:
7243:
7236:
7232:
7225:
7220:
7218:
7213:
7211:
7206:
7205:
7202:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7164:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7148:
7147:Methocarbamol
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7137:Mephenoxalone
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7127:Chlorphenesin
7125:
7124:
7123:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7097:
7096:Phenaglycodol
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7082:
7079:
7075:
7072:
7071:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7060:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7028:
7026:
7013:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6989:
6985:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6964:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6956:
6952:
6942:
6939:
6938:
6936:
6932:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6909:
6908:
6905:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6891:
6890:
6887:
6886:
6884:
6882:
6878:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6860:
6859:
6856:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6840:Amitriptyline
6838:
6837:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6827:
6825:
6823:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6807:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6762:
6760:
6758:
6750:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6723:
6722:
6719:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6705:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6696:
6692:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6673:
6670:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6654:Amitriptyline
6652:
6651:
6650:
6647:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6628:
6625:
6624:
6622:
6620:
6616:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6589:Methapyrilene
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6559:
6557:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6541:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6525:
6522:
6520:
6517:
6514:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6494:Aceburic acid
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6477:
6470:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6447:Isovaleramide
6445:
6444:
6443:
6442:Sesquiterpene
6440:
6438:
6435:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6380:Clomethiazole
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6318:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6263:
6261:
6259:
6255:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6243:Pyrithyldione
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6230:
6228:
6226:
6222:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6208:
6204:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6142:
6140:
6136:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6016:
6012:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5995:Phenprobamate
5993:
5991:
5990:Methocarbamol
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5980:Hexapropymate
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5954:
5948:
5945:
5943:
5940:
5938:
5935:
5933:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5923:
5920:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5897:Flutoprazepam
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5882:Flunitrazepam
5880:
5878:
5877:Flunitrazolam
5875:
5873:
5872:Flubromazolam
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5835:
5831:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5774:Phenobarbital
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5764:Pentobarbital
5762:
5760:
5759:Narcobarbital
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5749:Mephobarbital
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5729:Cyclobarbital
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5692:
5688:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5671:Ethchlorvynol
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5628:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5608:
5603:
5601:
5596:
5594:
5589:
5588:
5585:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5553:
5552:Flavokavain C
5550:
5548:
5547:Flavokavain B
5545:
5543:
5542:Flavokavain A
5540:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5531:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5504:Dihydrokavain
5502:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5481:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5451:
5444:
5439:
5437:
5432:
5430:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5413:
5412:
5406:
5401:
5398:
5394:
5392:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5371:
5367:
5366:
5346:
5342:
5336:
5320:
5316:
5310:
5294:
5290:
5284:
5268:
5262:
5246:
5242:
5236:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5214:
5199:
5195:
5189:
5174:
5170:
5164:
5156:
5152:
5145:
5129:
5125:
5119:
5103:
5099:
5093:
5078:
5074:
5067:
5052:
5048:
5042:
5027:
5023:
5016:
5000:
4994:
4979:
4975:
4968:
4952:
4948:
4942:
4923:
4919:
4918:Sdu Uitgevers
4912:
4905:
4889:
4885:
4879:
4863:
4856:
4840:
4834:
4827:
4823:
4820:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4779:
4775:
4769:
4753:
4749:
4745:
4739:
4723:
4717:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4674:
4672:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4620:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4585:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4471:
4464:
4458:
4450:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4411:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4368:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4341:
4339:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4295:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4252:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4217:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4165:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4138:
4130:
4124:
4120:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4060:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4009:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3960:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3917:
3909:
3903:
3899:
3898:
3890:
3888:
3872:
3865:
3850:
3846:
3839:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3804:
3796:
3790:
3786:
3779:
3764:
3760:
3753:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3702:
3700:
3691:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3640:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3589:
3587:
3578:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3559:
3557:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3520:
3518:
3509:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3460:
3458:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3430:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3397:
3391:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3366:(2): 389–96.
3365:
3361:
3357:
3350:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3307:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3250:
3246:
3245:
3237:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3206:(4): 306–11.
3205:
3201:
3194:
3192:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3097:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2861:
2853:
2851:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2821:Phytomedicine
2818:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2614:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2595:
2588:(2): 131–213.
2587:
2583:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2466:(2): 223–281.
2465:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2442:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2297:Planta Medica
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2202:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2091:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1893:Health Canada
1887:North America
1884:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1783:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1742:of the South
1741:
1732:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1610:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1486:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1366:
1364:
1363:psychoactives
1359:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1312:Pacific Ocean
1300:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1213:
1206:
1198:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1168:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:flavokavain C
1078:
1077:flavokavain B
1074:
1073:flavokavain A
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:dihydrokavain
1046:
1042:
1022:
1017:
1003:
999:
997:
993:
989:
988:dihydrokavain
985:
981:
977:
971:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
952:dietary fiber
949:
945:
935:
933:
929:
928:Māori culture
925:
924:
915:
911:
907:
906:
900:
891:
888:
887:South Florida
883:
881:
877:
870:
859:
856:
851:
847:
843:
839:
838:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
802:
798:
795:in the north
794:
790:
786:
775:
773:
768:
764:
760:
758:
754:
744:
742:
727:
726:John La Farge
722:
713:
709:
707:
703:
699:
698:P. wichmannii
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
641:
639:
635:
634:
629:
625:
622:as kava, but
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:
591:
587:
586:reduplication
583:
582:
577:
576:kavakava atua
573:
569:
568:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
545:
541:
538:
534:
531:
527:
523:
519:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:
489:
485:
484:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:Proto-Oceanic
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
400:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
305:Pacific Ocean
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
253:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
197:
192:
190:
184:
181:
180:Binomial name
177:
173:
172:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
102:
101:Tracheophytes
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
77:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
46:
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
19802:
19773:
19752:Prodynorphin
19744:Propeptides:
19743:
19642:
19613:Thienorphine
19436:JNJ-19385899
19421:Cebranopadol
19403:Ac-RYYRIK-NH
19395:Ac-RYYRWK-NH
19079:6β-Naltrexol
18996:Thienorphine
18961:Salvinorin A
18761:Levallorphan
18566:Cebranopadol
18425:Thienorphine
18235:6β-Naltrexol
18019:JNJ-20788560
18014:Isomethadone
17909:Deltorphin I
17904:Deltorphin A
17884:Cebranopadol
17879:Casokefamide
17713:Naltrexazone
17703:Naloxonazine
17628:Levallorphan
17475:6β-Naltrexol
17374:Thienorphine
17329:Remifentanil
17251:
17182:Nicomorphine
17177:Nicodicodine
17132:Morphiceptin
17032:Ketobemidone
16867:Desomorphine
16852:DAMGO (DAGO)
16832:Cebranopadol
16827:Casokefamide
16584:
16583:
16554:
16411:Lavender oil
16153:Nitric oxide
16073:Cryofluorane
16018:Acetophenone
15976:Methaqualone
15971:Mecloqualone
15966:Mebroqualone
15956:Diproqualone
15951:Cloroqualone
15880:Glutethimide
15684:
15636:
15603:
15565:
15538:Testosterone
15503:Progesterone
15468:Hydroxydione
15417:Androsterone
15344:Acecarbromal
15249:constituents
15246:
15036:Cyclarbamate
15026:Carisoprodol
14798:Metaclazepam
14793:Menitrazepam
14783:Meclonazepam
14778:Lormetazepam
14708:Flutemazepam
14533:Ciclotizolam
14523:Carburazepam
14415:Thiobarbital
14375:Secobarbital
14340:Phetharbital
14320:Nealbarbital
14305:Methohexital
14290:Hexobarbital
14225:Butallylonal
14220:Butobarbital
14175:Barbexaclone
14170:Aprobarbital
14155:Allobarbital
14142:Barbiturates
14109:
14101:
14091:Petrichloral
13955:
13954:
13865:Talniflumate
13403:
13392:Tetrodotoxin
13382:Neosaxitoxin
13373:
13318:
13292:Propoxycaine
13227:Dimethocaine
13160:
13156:
13125:Valnoctamide
13055:Fosphenytoin
13016:
12990:Procainamide
12980:Pilsicainide
12935:Disopyramide
12921:
12911:
12759:
12727:
12677:
12591:
12559:Ethosuximide
12544:Cloperastine
12522:
12491:Metahexamide
12486:Glycyclamide
12446:Glibornuride
12411:
12360:
12322:
12301:Thioridazine
12256:Promethazine
12241:Orphenadrine
12231:Ketoconazole
12216:Erythromycin
12105:
11868:
11796:Phensuximide
11776:Ochratoxin A
11716:Ethosuximide
11642:
11564:-selective (
11556:
11466:
11423:
11410:
11392:
11341:ω-Conotoxins
11334:
11284:
11266:Norverapamil
11231:Dexverapamil
11209:
11183:derivatives:
11179:
11176:Vatanidipine
11171:Trombodipine
11136:Palonidipine
11121:Nitrendipine
11076:Mepirodipine
10981:Azelnidipine
10964:
10958:
10876:Cannabinoids
10874:
10867:
10851:
10839:
10833:
10813:
10794:Ursolic acid
10765:
10687:
10604:
10583:
10502:JNJ-42165279
10450:
10318:
10150:CID-16020046
9522:Cannabigerol
9440:WIN 55,212-2
9211:
9019:Dependencies
9005:Cook Islands
8716:Austronesian
8461:Cook Islands
8357:Dependencies
8343:Cook Islands
8112:Dependencies
8098:Cook Islands
7921:New Zealand
7776:fire dancing
7637:
7630:
7616:
7495:
7481:
7474:
7460:Cook Islands
7446:
7407:Wood carving
7382:Kava culture
7376:
7269:Cook Islands
7189:Valnoctamide
7091:Metaglycodol
7086:Fenpentadiol
6996:Daridorexant
6899:Thioridazine
6850:Trimipramine
6785:Medetomidine
6713:Thioridazine
6664:Trimipramine
6609:Propiomazine
6604:Promethazine
6410:Petrichloral
6395:Kavalactones
6327:Acetophenone
6296:Methaqualone
6291:Mecloqualone
6286:Mebroqualone
6276:Diproqualone
6271:Cloroqualone
6233:Glutethimide
6129:Progesterone
6119:Hydroxydione
6051:Acecarbromal
5965:Carisoprodol
5907:Lormetazepam
5892:Flutemazepam
5794:Secobarbital
5754:Methohexital
5744:Hexobarbital
5724:Butobarbital
5719:Butabarbital
5709:Aprobarbital
5699:Allobarbital
5691:Barbiturates
5534:Flavokavains
5491:Kavalactones
5469:Kava culture
5463:
5449:
5409:
5405:"Kava"
5390:
5374:. Retrieved
5348:. Retrieved
5344:
5335:
5323:. Retrieved
5319:the original
5309:
5297:. Retrieved
5293:the original
5283:
5271:. Retrieved
5261:
5249:. Retrieved
5244:
5235:
5226:
5222:
5213:
5201:. Retrieved
5197:
5188:
5176:. Retrieved
5172:
5163:
5154:
5144:
5132:. Retrieved
5127:
5118:
5106:. Retrieved
5101:
5092:
5080:. Retrieved
5076:
5066:
5054:. Retrieved
5050:
5041:
5029:. Retrieved
5025:
5015:
5003:. Retrieved
4993:
4981:. Retrieved
4967:
4955:. Retrieved
4951:the original
4941:
4929:. Retrieved
4922:the original
4917:
4904:
4892:. Retrieved
4887:
4878:
4866:. Retrieved
4855:
4843:. Retrieved
4833:
4809:. Retrieved
4805:the original
4795:
4782:. Retrieved
4777:
4768:
4756:. Retrieved
4752:the original
4738:
4726:. Retrieved
4716:
4683:
4679:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4597:(1): 104–6.
4594:
4590:
4584:
4572:. Retrieved
4568:
4559:
4537:(1): 89–97.
4534:
4530:
4484:
4480:
4470:
4462:
4457:
4420:
4410:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4350:
4346:
4304:
4300:
4294:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4226:
4222:
4216:
4175:
4171:
4164:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4117:
4110:
4069:
4065:
4059:
4018:
4014:
4008:
3973:
3969:
3959:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3896:
3874:. Retrieved
3864:
3852:. Retrieved
3848:
3838:
3813:
3809:
3803:
3784:
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3762:
3752:
3711:
3707:
3653:
3649:
3639:
3598:
3594:
3565:
3543:. Retrieved
3536:the original
3531:
3473:
3469:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3417:. Retrieved
3412:
3403:
3395:
3390:
3363:
3359:
3349:
3319:(1): 33–41.
3316:
3312:
3306:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3243:
3236:
3203:
3199:
3168:(2): 163–9.
3165:
3161:
3155:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3100:. Retrieved
3052:
3048:
3042:
2999:
2995:
2985:
2955:(1): 27–35.
2952:
2948:
2923:. Retrieved
2919:the original
2914:
2905:
2893:. Retrieved
2889:
2880:
2859:
2824:
2820:
2791:. Retrieved
2786:
2777:
2765:. Retrieved
2760:
2751:
2739:. Retrieved
2735:the original
2730:
2721:
2696:
2692:
2686:
2667:
2663:
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2633:
2601:
2594:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2515:
2511:
2501:
2489:. Retrieved
2484:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2430:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2300:
2296:
2217:
2213:
2165:
2161:
2122:
2071:
2053:
2047:
2035:. Retrieved
2031:the original
2026:
2017:
2005:. Retrieved
2002:wehewehe.org
2001:
1992:
1941:Kava culture
1909:
1897:
1890:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1817:
1800:
1793:
1789:
1777:
1764:tuberculosis
1737:
1712:psychoactive
1709:
1695:
1689:
1662:barbiturates
1647:
1620:
1611:
1607:
1591:
1583:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1549:
1546:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1515:Kava culture
1489:Kava culture
1479:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1429:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1370:waild koniak
1369:
1367:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1314:cultures of
1309:
1281:Preparations
1275:
1259:
1243:psychotropic
1232:
1164:
1098:
1041:kavalactones
1038:
1021:kavalactones
1011:Constituents
1006:Pharmacology
1000:
972:
956:kavalactones
941:
931:
921:
919:
903:
884:
879:
873:
862:
845:
844:coveted the
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
805:
792:
781:
772:flavokavains
769:
765:
761:
756:
752:
750:
740:
738:
710:
697:
677:
647:
637:
631:
628:Māori people
624:reduplicated
615:
598:), which is
593:
579:
575:
565:
561:
557:
554:Cook Islands
551:
546:
539:
532:
517:
494:
487:
481:
469:
465:
457:
451:
424:Austronesian
421:
412:
408:
404:
402:
387:liver injury
372:
360:kavalactones
341:
311:, including
307:cultures of
292:
288:
280:
272:
264:
260:
251:
242:
230:
213:
212:
208:
204:
203:
188:
186:
170:
169:
157:
120:
107:
94:
62:
42:
29:
20119:Anxiolytics
20039:kew-2569602
19985:NatureServe
19920:iNaturalist
19827:Wikispecies
19682:Kelatorphan
19659:Candoxatril
19548:Antagonists
19499:Racemorphan
19466:NNC 63-0532
19451:Lexanopadol
19446:Levorphanol
19324:Quadazocine
19309:Pawhuskin A
19304:Noribogaine
19294:Navacaprant
19284:Naltrindole
19204:Epicatechin
19169:Clocinnamox
19052:Antagonists
19014:desipramine
18981:Samidorphan
18951:Racemorphan
18936:Phenazocine
18926:Pentazocine
18906:Norketamine
18901:Noribogaine
18861:Nalfurafine
18826:Mirtazapine
18816:Metkefamide
18776:Lexanopadol
18771:Levorphanol
18751:Laudanosine
18736:ICI-204,448
18731:ICI-199,441
18701:Hemorphin-4
18661:Erinacine E
18646:Eluxadoline
18636:Dynorphin A
18581:Cyclazocine
18556:Butorphanol
18541:Bremazocine
18516:Asimadoline
18506:Allomatrine
18496:Akuammicine
18405:Quadazocine
18400:Pawhuskin A
18395:Noribogaine
18380:Naltrindole
18320:Epicatechin
18315:Eluxadoline
18290:Clocinnamox
18218:Antagonists
18149:Samidorphan
18139:Racemorphan
18119:Oxymorphone
18079:Mitragynine
18074:Metkefamide
18054:Lexanopadol
18049:Levorphanol
18034:Laudanosine
17999:Hydrocodone
17994:Hemorphin-4
17894:Cyclazocine
17869:Butorphanol
17844:β-Endorphin
17763:Samidorphan
17758:Quadazocine
17748:Pawhuskin A
17738:Noribogaine
17728:Naltrindole
17663:Naldemedine
17593:Epicatechin
17550:Clocinnamox
17438:Antagonists
17409:Tubotaiwine
17394:Trimebutine
17324:Racemorphan
17294:Piritramide
17279:Phenazocine
17264:Pentazocine
17237:Oxymorphone
17202:Oliceridine
17187:Norketamine
17172:Nicocodeine
17157:Naltalimide
17122:Mitragynine
17112:Metkefamide
17082:Loxicodegol
17072:Lexanopadol
17067:Levorphanol
17042:Laudanosine
17007:Hydrocodone
17002:Hodgkinsine
16992:Hemorphin-4
16982:Frakefamide
16942:Embutramide
16937:Dynorphin A
16897:Eluxadoline
16887:Dimenoxadol
16822:Carfentanil
16807:Butorphanol
16782:Bezitramide
16752:β-Endorphin
16742:Anileridine
16732:Akuammidine
16727:Akuammicine
16697:α-Narcotine
16493:Stiripentol
16488:Seproxetine
16458:Niacinamide
16438:Loreclezole
16259:Avermectins
16223:Vinyl ether
16193:Sevoflurane
16173:Paraldehyde
16123:Halopropane
15946:Afloqualone
15928:Tracazolate
15923:ICI-190,622
15913:Cartazolate
15890:Piperidione
15885:Methyprylon
15852:Fospropofol
15774:Pipequaline
15582:Pazinaclone
15572:Eszopiclone
15428:Cholesterol
15412:Androstenol
15336:Monoureides
15316:Methysticin
15116:Tetrabamate
15096:Pentabamate
15086:Meprobamate
15056:Febarbamate
15021:Carisbamate
14973:Triflubazam
14963:Tolufazepam
14923:Rilmazafone
14918:Remimazolam
14893:Proflazepam
14878:Pivoxazepam
14838:Nitrazepate
14828:Nimetazepam
14763:Lopirazepam
14733:Haloxazolam
14683:Fludiazepam
14628:Doxefazepam
14603:Delorazepam
14583:Clotiazepam
14578:Clorazepate
14543:Cinolazepam
14440:Vinbarbital
14395:Tetrabamate
14350:Probarbital
14330:Phenallymal
14295:Metharbital
14270:Febarbamate
14165:Amobarbital
14066:Isopropanol
14036:Chloralodol
13531:Triamterene
13485:Poneratoxin
13475:Ciguatoxins
13362:Raxatrigine
13357:Ralfinamide
13352:PF-05089771
13347:PF-04531083
13319:Analgesics:
13277:Piperocaine
13262:Meprylcaine
13257:Mepivacaine
13212:Cinchocaine
13191:Ropivacaine
13183:Bupivacaine
13110:Sipatrigine
13095:Pheneturide
13090:Phenacemide
13075:Mephenytoin
13060:Lamotrigine
13040:Elpetrigine
12995:Propafenone
12940:Dronedarone
12516:Tolbutamide
12506:Repaglinide
12501:Nateglinide
12496:Mitiglinide
12476:Glisoxepide
12461:Glimepiride
12451:Glicaramide
12431:Carbutamide
12333:Linopirdine
12316:Vernakalant
12306:Tolterodine
12296:Terfenadine
12286:Tamulotoxin
12281:Solifenacin
12251:PNU-282,987
12226:Haloperidol
12221:Gigactonine
12201:Domperidone
12186:Darifenacin
12151:Bedaquiline
12136:Azaspiracid
12099:Vernakalant
12034:Linopirdine
11994:Dronedarone
11984:Dendrotoxin
11969:Clamikalant
11841:Tolperisone
11836:Tetrandrine
11826:Sipatrigine
11821:Silperisone
11806:Prenylamine
11746:Lidoflazine
11701:Elpetrigine
11611:Mirogabalin
11515:Lamotrigine
11510:Flunarizine
11505:Efonidipine
11495:Cinnarizine
11490:Cilnidipine
11445:NNC 55-0396
11371:Ralfinamide
11318:Fantofarone
11313:Dronedarone
11298:Budiodarone
11293:Brinazarone
11256:Levemopamil
11156:Sornidipine
11151:Sagandipine
11141:Pranidipine
11116:Nisoldipine
11106:Nilvadipine
11096:Niguldipine
11086:Nicardipine
11051:Lemildipine
11036:Iganidipine
11031:Furnidipine
10996:Cronidipine
10991:Clevidipine
10986:Barnidipine
10976:Aranidipine
10814:Precursors:
10766:Inhibitors:
10688:Inhibitors:
10663:Pristimerin
10605:Inhibitors:
10584:Activators:
10497:JNJ-1661010
10482:Biochanin A
10477:BIA 10-2474
10451:Inhibitors:
10352:Guineensine
10347:Cannabidiol
10319:Inhibitors:
10289:Transporter
10271:PSN-632,408
10266:PSN-375,963
10185:PSB-SB-1203
10180:PSB-SB-1202
10145:Cannabidiol
10138:Antagonists
10089:GSK-494581A
10006:Antagonists
9982:Cannabidiol
9900:Cannabidiol
9878:Antagonists
9869:Virodhamine
9824:PF-03550096
9744:GW-842,166X
9709:AZ-11713908
9602:Virodhamine
9542:Ibipinabant
9537:Hemopressin
9517:Cannabidiol
9505:Antagonists
9471:Monlunabant
9420:Pravadoline
9335:Epicatechin
9290:AZ-11713908
9245:AB-CHMINACA
8952:New Zealand
8785:Micronesian
8775:Marshallese
8644:Micronesian
8516:New Zealand
8456:Austronesia
8290:New Zealand
8194:by category
8045:New Zealand
7930:Te Matatini
7781:firewalking
7530:New Zealand
7476:Lau Islands
7438:Austronesia
7306:nguzu nguzu
7294:New Zealand
7264:Austronesia
7174:Scopolamine
7118:Guaifenesin
7113:Fenadiazole
7069:Cannabidiol
7043:Mirogabalin
7001:Lemborexant
6978:Tasimelteon
6963:Agomelatine
6922:Risperidone
6868:Mirtazapine
6757:-Adrenergic
6736:Risperidone
6682:Mirtazapine
6632:Etoperidone
6599:Pheniramine
6584:Hydroxyzine
6405:Paraldehyde
6400:Loreclezole
6266:Afloqualone
6248:Piperidione
6238:Methyprylon
6167:Pazinaclone
6147:Eszopiclone
6109:Alphaxolone
6104:Alphadolone
6043:Monoureides
5985:Meprobamate
5922:Nitemazepam
5917:Nimetazepam
5862:Doxefazepam
5847:Cinolazepam
5819:Vinbarbital
5784:Proxibarbal
5769:Phenallymal
5704:Amobarbital
5656:Chloralodol
5519:Methysticin
5393:information
5376:19 February
5173:The Beehive
5134:12 December
5130:(in Polish)
5104:(in Polish)
5082:2 September
4894:13 February
4868:14 February
4845:14 February
4680:Fitoterapia
4574:8 September
3929:: 554–560.
3854:22 December
3768:2 September
3394:R. Baselt,
3002:(1): 3–17.
2582:Micronesica
2348:Fitoterapia
2037:22 December
2007:22 December
1874:New Zealand
1829:Netherlands
1821:Switzerland
1627:anxiolytics
1625:, alcohol,
1468:glutathione
1226:of the GABA
1053:methysticin
992:methysticin
966:, and 3.2%
938:Composition
914:New Zealand
850:kavalactone
840:(kings) of
789:Aoba Island
733: 1891
590:New Zealand
567:Pittosporum
443:New Zealand
337:Philippines
229:. The name
114:Angiosperms
34:Kavalactone
20129:Entheogens
20108:Categories
20034:Plant List
19777:Kyotorphin
19722:Spinorphin
19603:SB-612,111
19598:Nocistatin
19568:BAN-ORL-24
19519:SCH-486757
19514:SCH-221510
19353:Nociceptin
19314:PF-4455242
19289:Naringenin
19279:Naltrexone
19239:LY-2795050
19234:LY-2459989
19229:LY-2444296
19224:LY-2196044
19209:Hyperoside
19124:Aticaprant
19018:imipramine
18941:Proxorphan
18916:Oxilorphan
18886:Niravoline
18876:Nalorphine
18851:Nalbuphine
18836:Moxazocine
18811:Metazocine
18781:Lofentanil
18746:Ketazocine
18706:Herkinorin
18686:Gemazocine
18676:Fedotozine
18656:Eptazocine
18586:Cyclorphan
18571:Ciprefadol
18390:Naringenin
18370:Naltrexone
18365:Nalorphine
18340:LY-2196044
18330:ICI-174864
18325:ICI-154129
18270:Bevenopran
18245:α-Santolol
18209:Zenazocine
18189:Tonazocine
18144:RWJ-394674
18129:Proglumide
18069:Metazocine
18059:Lofentanil
17989:Fluorophen
17753:Rimonabant
17743:Oxilorphan
17733:Naringenin
17723:Naltrexone
17688:Naloxazone
17678:Nalorphine
17643:LY-2196044
17613:Hyperoside
17603:Gemazocine
17598:Eptazocine
17535:Bevenopran
17379:Tianeptine
17354:Tapentadol
17349:Sufentanil
17344:Sinomenine
17334:Salsolinol
17289:Piminodine
17207:Oxycodegol
17197:Octreotide
17192:Nufenoxole
17142:Nalbuphine
17097:Meptazinol
17077:Loperamide
17047:Lefetamine
16997:Herkinorin
16977:Fluorophen
16932:Dipipanone
16857:Dermorphin
16747:Apparicine
16737:Alfentanil
16660:(abridged;
16640:modulators
16526:Topiramate
16516:Terpenoids
16473:Propanidid
16463:Org 25,435
16391:Flupirtine
16386:Fluoxetine
16292:Chloralose
16263:ivermectin
16168:Norflurane
16133:Isoflurane
16078:Desflurane
16068:Chloroform
16028:Aliflurane
15961:Etaqualone
15789:SB-205,384
15719:CP-615,003
15714:CL-218,872
15668:Panadiplon
15658:Lorediplon
15587:Suproclone
15548:Zuranolone
15508:Renanolone
15493:Posovolone
15473:Minaxolone
15463:Ganaxolone
15402:Alfaxalone
15397:Alfadolone
15387:Acebrochol
15354:Bromisoval
15232:Metomidate
15219:Imidazoles
15179:Hispidulin
15131:Flavonoids
15091:Nisobamate
15081:Mebutamate
15051:Ethinamate
15046:Emylcamate
15013:Carbamates
14983:Tuclazepam
14958:Tetrazepam
14913:Reclazepam
14888:Premazepam
14868:Phenazepam
14848:Nordazepam
14843:Nitrazolam
14833:Nitrazepam
14813:Motrazepam
14768:Loprazolam
14758:Lofendazam
14743:Imidazenil
14703:Flutazolam
14698:Flurazepam
14668:Fletazepam
14623:Dimdazenil
14618:Diclazepam
14598:Cyprazepam
14588:Cloxazolam
14568:Clonazolam
14563:Clonazepam
14553:Climazolam
14513:Brotizolam
14508:Bromazolam
14503:Bromazepam
14498:Bretazenil
14493:Bentazepam
14483:Arfendazam
14478:Alprazolam
14473:Adinazolam
14445:Vinylbital
14425:Thiopental
14300:Methitural
14215:Buthalital
14210:Butalbital
14061:Isobutanol
13835:Bumetanide
13773:Activators
13763:Piretanide
13758:Lonidamine
13709:Activators
13694:Mibefradil
13689:Mefloquine
13679:Furosemide
13674:Fluoxetine
13654:Crofelemer
13541:Activators
13464:Versutoxin
13460:Robustoxin
13442:Activators
13427:Safinamide
13377:Conotoxins
13312:Trimecaine
13307:Tetracaine
13282:Prilocaine
13272:Orthocaine
13247:Iontocaine
13242:Hexylcaine
13237:Etidocaine
13178:Benzocaine
13168:Amylocaine
13150:Zonisamide
13145:Valpromide
13115:Topiramate
13105:Rufinamide
13065:Lacosamide
13030:Cenobamate
12985:Prajmaline
12975:Moricizine
12970:Mexiletine
12965:Lorcainide
12950:Flecainide
12915:Ranolazine
12855:Activators
12840:Fluoxetine
12784:Nimesulide
12766:-specific:
12752:Activators
12734:-specific:
12686:-specific:
12666:Rilmakalim
12656:Nicorandil
12616:Cromakalim
12603:-specific:
12584:Activators
12574:Tipepidine
12564:Ifenprodil
12539:Caramiphen
12531:-specific:
12511:Tolazamide
12471:Gliquidone
12456:Gliclazide
12423:-specific:
12376:Retigabine
12371:Flupirtine
12368:-specific:
12353:Activators
12330:-specific:
12311:Vanoxerine
12291:Terodiline
12276:Sertindole
12266:Ranolazine
12131:Astemizole
12121:Amiodarone
12089:Terikalant
12064:Pinokalant
12049:Nifekalant
12044:Maurotoxin
12039:Lolitrem B
12029:Kaliotoxin
11989:Dofetilide
11979:Dalazatide
11974:Conotoxins
11944:Amiodarone
11939:Almokalant
11861:Activators
11851:Valperinol
11831:Terodiline
11771:Naftopidil
11761:Mesuximide
11691:Enpiperate
11671:Cycleanine
11656:Bevantolol
11646:Bencyclane
11636:Pregabalin
11626:PD-299,685
11621:PD-217,014
11616:PD-200,347
11606:Imagabalin
11596:Gabapentin
11586:Atagabalin
11576:Arbaclofen
11535:Mibefradil
11530:Loperamide
11525:Lomerizine
11500:Dotarizine
11480:Benidipine
11460:Zonisamide
11376:Safinamide
11351:Caroverine
11303:Celivarone
11251:Gallopamil
11206:Siratiazem
11196:Iprotiazem
11186:Clentiazem
11166:Tiamdipine
11161:Teludipine
11126:Olradipine
11111:Nimodipine
11101:Niludipine
11091:Nifedipine
11081:Mesudipine
11071:Manidipine
11046:Lacidipine
11041:Isradipine
11026:Flordipine
11021:Felodipine
11016:Elnadipine
11011:Elgodipine
11001:Darodipine
10971:Amlodipine
10517:LY-2183240
10512:Kaempferol
10427:modulators
10357:LY-2183240
10322:5'-DMH-CBD
10295:modulators
10241:AS-1269574
10236:AR-231,453
10226:Anandamide
10175:PSB-SB-487
10079:CID1792579
10074:CID1252842
10069:CID1011163
9977:Anandamide
9925:WIN 56,098
9920:WIN 54,461
9915:SR-144,528
9714:Cannabinol
9704:Anandamide
9587:Selonabant
9582:Rosonabant
9547:LY-320,135
9486:Taranabant
9481:Surinabant
9476:Rimonabant
9295:Cannabinol
9280:Anandamide
9212:(abridged,
9168:modulators
8805:Polynesian
8780:Melanesian
8721:Sama-Bajau
8654:Polynesian
8634:Melanesian
8619:Mangarevan
8496:Micronesia
8211:Literature
7886:Australia
7632:navigation
7142:Metaxalone
7132:Mephenesin
7053:Pregabalin
7033:Gabapentin
7006:Suvorexant
6941:Niaprazine
6917:Quetiapine
6912:Olanzapine
6795:Tizanidine
6790:Romifidine
6780:Lofexidine
6770:Detomidine
6731:Quetiapine
6726:Olanzapine
6637:Nefazodone
6579:Doxylamine
6564:Captodiame
6375:Chloralose
6339:compounds
6281:Etaqualone
6177:Suproclone
6157:Lirequinil
6124:Minaxolone
6114:Eltanolone
6094:Acebrochol
6061:Bromisoval
6028:Metomidate
6015:Imidazoles
5975:Ethinamate
5970:Emylcamate
5957:Carbamates
5932:Nitrazolam
5927:Nitrazepam
5902:Loprazolam
5887:Flurazepam
5857:Clonazolam
5852:Climazolam
5842:Brotizolam
5824:Vinylbital
5809:Thiopental
5229:(4). 2002.
5178:24 October
5056:26 October
4983:26 October
4972:Bowman C.
4957:26 October
4931:7 February
4784:7 February
4758:21 January
4728:22 October
4481:The Lancet
4225:(Review).
4144:Allertonia
3415:. Frommers
3200:Planta Med
3102:12 January
2640:15 January
2491:15 January
2460:Allertonia
2393:(1): 3–4.
1967:References
1774:Regulation
1716:anxiolytic
1666:alprazolam
1541:See also:
1328:Micronesia
1251:flumazenil
1239:anxiolytic
1192:, and the
1119:Inhibition
902:Kawakawa (
682:Micronesia
515:Rarotongan
478:metathesis
397:See also:
356:euphoriant
352:anesthetic
335:, and the
327:, such as
325:Micronesia
295:(parts of
147:Piperaceae
127:Magnoliids
19732:Tynorphin
19727:Thiorphan
19707:Opiorphan
19649:Amastatin
19578:J-113,397
19539:TH-030418
19509:Ro65-6570
19504:Ro64-6198
19431:Etorphine
19339:Zyklophin
19329:Taxifolin
19219:LY-255582
19179:Cyclofoxy
19129:Axelopran
19043:Xorphanol
19033:U-54,494A
19001:Tifluadom
18991:TH-030418
18921:Oxycodone
18911:Oripavine
18881:Naltriben
18866:Nalmefene
18821:Mianserin
18791:Lufuradom
18696:GR-103545
18671:Etorphine
18651:Enadoline
18551:Butorphan
18546:BRL-52537
18511:Apadoline
18420:Taxifolin
18415:SoRI-9409
18375:Naltriben
18360:Nalmefene
18335:LY-255582
18265:Axelopran
18204:Xorphanol
18174:TH-030418
18154:SB-235863
18114:Oxycodone
18109:Oripavine
17974:Etorphine
17864:Butorphan
17829:Amoxapine
17768:Taxifolin
17693:Naloxegol
17668:Nalmefene
17638:LY-255582
17568:Cyprodime
17563:Cyclofoxy
17530:Axelopran
17510:Alvimopan
17505:Akuammine
17490:α-Gliadin
17429:Xorphanol
17419:Valorphin
17364:TH-030418
17222:Oxycodone
17217:Oripavine
17152:Nalmexone
17107:Methadone
17087:LS-115509
16967:Etorphine
16957:Eseroline
16802:Butorphan
16663:full list
16585:See also:
16547:valerenol
16468:Phenytoin
16448:Monastrol
16406:Lanthanum
16401:KRM-II-81
16364:Fenamates
16359:Etifoxine
16354:Etazepine
16349:Efavirenz
16307:Darigabat
16203:Teflurane
16188:Roflurane
16183:Propylene
16128:Halothane
16113:Fluroxene
16098:Enflurane
16001:Volatiles
15918:Etazolate
15829:Viqualine
15784:RWJ-51204
15749:L-838,417
15739:Imepitoin
15709:CGS-20625
15704:CGS-13767
15689:Adipiplon
15663:Ocinaplon
15625:Saripidem
15620:Necopidem
15597:Zopiclone
15592:Suriclone
15577:Pagoclone
15483:ORG-21465
15478:ORG-20599
15369:Ectylurea
15359:Carbromal
15237:Propoxate
15227:Etomidate
15154:Baicalein
15111:Styramate
15106:Procymate
15076:Lorbamate
15061:Felbamate
15031:Clocental
15003:Zomebazam
14998:Zolazepam
14993:Zapizolam
14988:Uldazepam
14968:Triazolam
14953:Temazepam
14948:Sulazepam
14938:Ro48-8684
14933:Ro48-6791
14928:Ripazepam
14898:Pyrazolam
14873:Pinazepam
14823:Nifoxipam
14808:Midazolam
14803:Mexazolam
14788:Medazepam
14773:Lorazepam
14753:Ketazolam
14748:Irazepine
14738:Iclazepam
14728:Halazepam
14723:Gidazepam
14718:Fosazepam
14638:Estazolam
14633:Elfazepam
14608:Demoxepam
14538:Cinazepam
14518:Camazepam
14488:Avizafone
14410:Thiamylal
14345:Primidone
14275:Heptabarb
14265:Eterobarb
14230:Carbubarb
14127:Triclofos
14026:Brometone
13956:See also:
13855:Mepacrine
13801:Ivacaftor
13717:Carbachol
13600:Ibuprofen
13590:Amiloride
13549:Solnatide
13521:Amiloride
13450:Aconitine
13412:Evenamide
13387:Saxitoxin
13302:Risocaine
13252:Lidocaine
13197:Butacaine
13173:Articaine
13100:Phenytoin
13010:Tocainide
13005:Sparteine
13000:Quinidine
12960:Lorajmine
12955:Lidocaine
12945:Encainide
12930:Aprindine
12671:Sarakalim
12661:Pinacidil
12651:Naminidil
12641:Minoxidil
12636:Mazokalim
12621:Diazoxide
12611:Bimakalim
12606:Aprikalim
12569:Tertiapin
12549:Clozapine
12466:Glipizide
12261:Quinidine
12211:Ergtoxins
12176:Cisapride
12166:BRL-32872
12146:Azimilide
12109:(KCNH2, K
12084:Tedisamil
12069:Quinidine
12059:Paxilline
12024:Inakalant
12019:Ibutilide
12004:Hanatoxin
11959:Bunaftine
11954:Bretylium
11949:Azimilide
11934:Adekalant
11893:Potassium
11875:Bay K8644
11816:Sesamodil
11766:Monatepil
11756:Manoalide
11751:Magnesium
11736:Imepitoin
11726:Fendiline
11706:Ethadione
11696:Eperisone
11676:Dauricine
11651:Berbamine
11562:δ subunit
11366:PD-173212
11281:Verapamil
11271:Ronipamil
11261:Nexopamil
11246:Falipamil
11241:Etripamil
11226:Devapamil
11221:Dagapamil
11201:Nictiazem
11191:Diltiazem
11181:Diltiazem
11131:Oxodipine
10844:receptor)
10487:Genistein
10084:CP 55,940
9849:Tedalinab
9829:S-444,823
9789:L-759,656
9784:L-759,633
9734:CP 55,940
9674:A-836,339
9669:A-834,735
9664:A-796,260
9572:PF-514273
9567:Otenabant
9557:NESS-0327
9527:Drinabant
9390:Menabitan
9380:L-759,633
9310:CP 55,940
9305:CP 47,497
9215:full list
8922:Australia
8845:Tokelauan
8674:Vanuatuan
8602:Mythology
8558:Slit drum
8548:Polynesia
8491:Melanesia
8451:Australia
8260:Australia
8015:Australia
7959:Languages
7880:Festivals
7806:kapa haka
7703:Outrigger
7425:Australia
7397:Polynesia
7372:areca nut
7259:Australia
7179:Trazodone
7120:-related
6973:Ramelteon
6968:Melatonin
6955:Melatonin
6863:Mianserin
6830:Trazodone
6765:Clonidine
6677:Mianserin
6642:Trazodone
6594:Perlapine
6437:Triclofos
6390:Gaboxadol
6197:Zopiclone
6182:Suriclone
6172:Saripidem
6162:Necopidem
6076:Ectylurea
6071:Carbromal
6033:Propoxate
6023:Etomidate
6000:Procymate
5947:Triazolam
5942:Temazepam
5912:Midazolam
5867:Estazolam
5804:Thiamylal
5739:Heptabarb
5618:sedatives
5614:Hypnotics
5128:www.rp.pl
4700:1873-6971
4686:: 56–67.
4646:1099-1077
4278:0098-7484
4192:1099-1573
4086:0306-3127
4035:1099-1077
3992:0893-133X
3943:0308-8146
3830:144600224
3736:0031-9422
3672:0892-6638
3631:260067545
3615:0012-0472
3490:0306-5251
3228:260281694
3119:CNS Drugs
3018:1365-2036
2670:: 19–28.
2567:145424062
2532:146739541
2354:: 56–67.
2317:1439-0221
1891:In 2002,
1786:Australia
1768:analgesic
1752:gonorrhea
1537:Kava bars
1507:Australia
1501:, in the
1332:Australia
1324:Melanesia
1316:Polynesia
1293:village,
1272:Detection
1220:receptors
1205:receptors
1089:Alkaloids
1069:chalcones
716:Cultivars
690:Polynesia
686:Melanesia
674:inventory
530:Marquesan
511:Tuamotuan
492:Pohnpeian
431:Polynesia
362:. A 2003
321:Melanesia
309:Polynesia
239:Marquesan
209:kava kava
165:Species:
137:Piperales
84:Kingdom:
20078:25001137
20073:Tropicos
19990:2.155089
19951:11059660
19938:198437-2
19812:Wikidata
19618:Trap-101
19608:SR-16430
19529:SR-16435
19383:(PheΨ(CH
19363:Agonists
19274:Naloxone
19184:Dezocine
19154:Catechin
19109:Apigenin
19038:U-69,593
18831:Morphine
18801:MB-1C-OH
18741:Ketamine
18726:Ibogaine
18691:GR-89696
18681:Fentanyl
18561:BW373U86
18449:Agonists
18439:κ-opioid
18385:Naloxone
18280:Catechin
18255:Apigenin
18194:Tramadol
18179:Thebaine
18089:Morphine
18009:Ibogaine
17979:Fentanyl
17959:DPI-3290
17929:Dezocine
17874:BW373U86
17854:Biphalin
17819:ADL-5859
17792:Agonists
17782:δ-opioid
17708:Naloxone
17633:Lobeline
17618:Ibogaine
17540:Catechin
17520:Apigenin
17389:Tramadol
17384:Tilidine
17369:Thebaine
17339:SC-17599
17309:Propiram
17269:Pericine
17212:OM-3-MNZ
17137:Morphine
17027:Ketamine
16972:Fentanyl
16882:Dezocine
16817:BW373U86
16787:Biphalin
16672:3-HO-PCP
16658:Agonists
16648:μ-opioid
16573:TCS-1205
16568:TCS-1105
16558:α-Pinene
16531:Valerian
16506:tetronal
16483:Safranal
16432:obovatol
16428:magnolol
16424:honokiol
16254:Alogabat
16249:AA-29504
16198:Synthane
16158:Nitrogen
16138:Kerosine
16118:Gasoline
16108:Ethylene
16048:Centalun
16043:Butylene
15857:Propofol
15819:U-89843A
15799:TGSC01AA
15769:NS-11394
15734:GBLD-345
15699:CGS-9896
15694:CGS-8216
15678:Zaleplon
15673:Taniplon
15653:Indiplon
15648:Fasiplon
15643:Divaplon
15630:Zolpidem
15533:SAGE-872
15528:SAGE-689
15523:SAGE-516
15518:SAGE-324
15513:SAGE-105
15421:Certain
15364:Capuride
15326:Yangonin
15203:baicalin
15199:Skullcap
15189:Luteolin
15164:Catechin
15159:Baicalin
15149:Apigenin
15121:Tybamate
14908:Quazepam
14903:QH-II-66
14883:Prazepam
14863:Oxazolam
14858:Oxazepam
14658:Etizolam
14613:Diazepam
14593:CP-1414S
14558:Clobazam
14548:Clazolam
14435:Valofane
14390:Talbutal
14380:Sigmodal
14285:Hexethal
14180:Barbital
14160:Alphenal
14150:(-)-DMBB
14096:Propanol
14086:Pentanol
14076:Methanol
14018:Alcohols
13941:instead.
13916:instead.
13827:Blockers
13819:Unsorted
13745:Blockers
13646:Blockers
13623:Chloride
13585:A-317567
13577:Blockers
13526:Benzamil
13513:Blockers
13342:NKTR-171
13337:GDC-0276
13332:Funapide
13327:DSP-2230
13322:AZD-3161
13287:Procaine
13202:Butamben
13050:Ethotoin
12925:Ajmaline
12904:Blockers
12863:Riluzole
12822:Blockers
12720:Blockers
12626:Emakalim
12404:Blockers
12246:Pimozide
12116:Ajmaline
11916:Blockers
11731:Fostedil
11661:Canadine
11631:Phenibut
11591:Baclofen
11540:NP078585
11485:Bepridil
11323:SR-33805
11276:Tiapamil
11236:Emopamil
11216:Anipamil
10951:Blockers
10864:See also
10618:JJKK 048
10608:ABX-1431
10377:SB-FI-26
10246:MBX-2982
10214:Agonists
10042:Agonists
9955:Agonists
9905:Honokiol
9799:Magnolol
9754:JTE 7-31
9729:CBS-0550
9632:Agonists
9491:TM-38837
9445:Yangonin
9415:Oleamide
9395:Nabilone
9345:Honokiol
9209:Agonists
9176:Receptor
9116:folklore
8937:Kiribati
8874:Religion
8860:Visayans
8835:Tahitian
8815:Rapa Nui
8745:Hawaiian
8726:Chamorro
8683:Research
8669:Tuvaluan
8659:Rapa Nui
8639:Menehune
8481:Kiribati
8275:Kiribati
8030:Kiribati
7896:Hawaiʻi
7871:'upa'upa
7811:Kiribati
7761:ʻAparima
7683:Hōkūleʻa
7505:Kiribati
7356:tivaevae
7336:taʻovala
7284:magimagi
7163:morphine
7154:Midaflur
7074:Cannabis
7048:Phenibut
6800:Xylazine
6529:Phenibut
6499:Baclofen
6425:Tetronal
6360:Centalun
6215:Propofol
6192:Zolpidem
6187:Zaleplon
6152:Indiplon
6066:Capuride
6005:Tybamate
5937:Quazepam
5799:Talbutal
5714:Barbital
5643:Alcohols
5524:Yangonin
4822:Archived
4708:25464054
4662:37457833
4654:12404572
4402:46963549
4394:15916450
4359:11991792
4329:21555220
4321:14533134
4286:21081732
4243:27402097
4208:19526418
4200:23348842
4156:23187398
4102:33364504
4094:21879526
4051:44657320
4043:21437989
4000:12589393
3951:24423570
3744:13679089
3690:20696856
3623:11544547
3508:21284704
3419:7 August
3382:12589393
3341:10805207
3333:12845414
3298:24377397
3220:11458444
3182:22525682
3147:34322458
3139:12383029
3069:21506562
3026:23121117
2977:42935399
2969:21073405
2872:77501873
2841:21112196
2713:21756963
2407:86552278
2368:25464054
2333:23708406
2325:26695707
2244:12535473
2192:25694734
1915:See also
1756:cystitis
1706:Research
1698:(in the
1696:kanikani
1679:levodopa
1672:Dopamine
1639:levodopa
1526:sevusevu
1499:Yirrkala
1454:Concerns
1417:Island,
1351:emulsion
1222:and the
1182:receptor
1142:receptor
1131:dopamine
1123:reuptake
1113:receptor
1061:yangonin
984:yangonin
968:minerals
812:Hawaiian
791:(called
638:kawakawa
616:kawakawa
562:kavakava
558:kawakawa
537:Hawaiian
526:Tahitian
507:Rapa Nui
490:include
379:extracts
348:sedative
233:is from
196:G.Forst.
143:Family:
20209:Opioids
20026:1081778
19972:MoBotPF
19899:3086358
19855:Ecocrop
19847:1109787
19818:Q161067
19774:Others:
19702:RB-3007
19654:BL-2401
19623:UFP-101
19588:NalBzOH
19583:JTC-801
19524:SR-8993
19461:MT-7716
19411:BU08070
19264:MR-2266
19244:MeJDTic
19174:CVL-354
19144:BU09059
19134:AZ-MTAB
19114:Arodyne
19074:6'-GNTI
19069:5'-GNTI
19028:U-50488
19008:(e.g.,
18856:NalBzOH
18841:MR-2034
18806:Menthol
18796:Matrine
18531:BAM-22P
18526:BAM-18P
18521:BAM-12P
18461:6'-GNTI
18230:5'-NTII
18164:SNC-162
18104:NalBzOH
18024:KNT-127
17954:DPI-221
17889:Codeine
17849:BAM-18P
17839:AZD2327
17804:6'-GNTI
17698:Naloxol
17424:Viminol
17414:U-47700
17399:TRIMU 5
17304:Prodine
17247:OxyPNPH
17162:Neopine
17147:NalBzOH
17117:Metopon
17092:Matrine
16842:Codeine
16792:BU08070
16767:BAM-22P
16762:BAM-18P
16757:BAM-12P
16722:AH-7921
16520:borneol
16518:(e.g.,
16510:trional
16500:(e.g.,
16418:(e.g.,
16416:Lignans
16366:(e.g.,
16324:(e.g.,
16269:Bromide
16261:(e.g.,
16244:α-EMTBL
16208:Toluene
16178:Propane
16053:Chloral
16033:Benzene
16013:Acetone
15844:Phenols
15834:Y-23684
15824:U-90042
15809:TPA-023
15794:SX-3228
15779:ROD-188
15764:NS-2710
15759:NS-2664
15744:JM-1232
15729:ELB-139
15724:CTP-354
15610:Alpidem
15209:Wogonin
15184:Linarin
14663:FG-8205
14370:Reposal
14071:Menthol
14031:Butanol
13595:Aspirin
13417:Menthol
13404:Others:
13374:Toxins:
13217:Cocaine
12742:GAL-021
12362:KCNQ (K
12324:KCNQ (K
12141:AZD1305
12079:Sotalol
12074:ShK-186
12054:Notoxin
11741:JTV-519
11721:Fasudil
11450:ProTx I
11430:ABT-639
11417:SNX-482
11288:AH-1058
11285:Others:
10928:Calcium
10849:ARN-272
10834:Others:
10721:LEI-106
10696:JZP-430
10691:JZP-169
10668:URB-602
10638:JZP-361
10633:JZL-195
10628:JZL-184
10577:URB-597
10562:TAK 21d
10537:PF-3845
10507:JZL-195
10407:WOBE492
10402:WOBE491
10397:WOBE490
10387:URB-597
10382:UCM-707
10342:Arvanil
10332:AM-1172
10261:Olvanil
10013:PSB-CB5
9910:JTE-907
9895:BML-190
9834:SER-601
9809:Nabitan
9779:JWH-133
9769:JWH-018
9764:JWH-015
9759:JWH-007
9699:AM-2232
9694:AM-1241
9689:AM-1235
9684:AM-1221
9679:AM-1172
9552:MK-9470
9512:AM-6545
9466:INV-202
9400:Nabitan
9370:JWH-073
9365:JWH-018
9360:JWH-015
9355:JWH-007
9285:Arvanil
9275:AM-2232
9270:AM-2201
9265:AM-1235
9260:AM-1221
9255:AM-1220
9250:AM-1172
9182:ligands
9120:cuisine
9083:Tokelau
8987:Vanuatu
8830:Tagalog
8820:Rotuman
8790:Negrito
8760:Ivatans
8750:Ilocano
8735:Rekohu)
8588:Vanuatu
8573:Tokelau
8421:Tokelau
8325:Vanuatu
8176:Tokelau
8080:Vanuatu
7967:by area
7856:tautoga
7791:hivinau
7693:Karakoa
7592:Vanuatu
7418:general
7326:tā moko
7321:reimiro
7311:Oceania
7161:(e.g.,
7159:Opioids
7108:Evoxine
6845:Doxepin
6659:Doxepin
6534:Tolibut
6430:Trional
6337:Bromide
6207:Phenols
5789:Reposal
5457:History
5325:28 June
5273:3 March
5108:12 June
5031:12 June
5005:25 July
4811:10 July
4611:9448214
4551:8021378
4511:9737032
4503:1972218
4449:1033307
4440:1033307
3876:28 July
3716:Bibcode
3681:2992378
3499:3045554
3290:9829291
3034:6949220
2235:6999799
2183:4325077
1946:Nakamal
1906:Vanuatu
1859:In the
1853:Germany
1849:Vanuatu
1675:agonist
1553:alcohol
1543:Nakamal
1448:ethanol
1444:acetone
1421:(2006).
1419:Vanuatu
1388:Fijians
1320:Vanuatu
1262:saccade
1121:of the
964:protein
962:, 3.6%
820:Mahakea
658:Vanuatu
600:endemic
572:Futunan
552:In the
528:, and
435:Oceania
368:anxiety
329:Pohnpei
317:Vanuatu
297:Vanuatu
287:), and
277:Pohnpei
247:Hawaiʻi
153:Genus:
133:Order:
88:Plantae
65:leaves
20124:Drinks
20047:PLANTS
20010:NZOR:
20003:130404
19977:285095
19925:166895
19873:596615
19712:Selank
19697:RB-120
19692:RB-101
19636:Others
19563:AT-076
19456:MCOPPB
19119:AT-076
18965:salvia
18846:N-MPPP
18786:LPK-26
18410:SDM25N
18260:AT-076
18199:TRV250
18159:SNC-80
18029:Kratom
17809:7-SIOM
17525:AT-076
17515:AM-251
17404:TRV734
17299:PL-017
17037:Kratom
17022:IBNtxA
16453:Niacin
16038:Butane
15991:SL-164
15862:Thymol
15804:TP-003
15685:Others
15488:P1-185
15448:5β-DHP
15443:5α-DHP
15438:3α-DHP
15286:Kavain
15194:Rc-OMe
13892:Others
12881:Sodium
12534:Barium
12338:XE-991
12206:E-4031
12156:BeKm-1
12126:AmmTX3
12009:HgeTx1
11999:E-4031
11781:Osthol
11550:TROX-1
11435:ML-218
10807:Others
10757:ABHD12
10746:WWL-70
10741:UCM710
10653:MJN110
10643:KML 29
10623:JW 642
10587:PDP-EA
10572:UCM710
10567:TC-F 2
10542:PF-750
10467:AM-404
10459:AACOCF
10421:Enzyme
10392:VDM-11
10367:OMDM-2
10362:O-2093
10327:AM-404
10231:APD668
10205:GPR119
10170:O-1918
10165:ML-193
10160:ML-192
10155:ML-191
10114:O-1602
10109:ML-186
10104:ML-185
10099:ML-184
10064:AM-251
10054:2-ALPI
10018:O-1918
9997:O-1602
9987:NADGly
9890:AM-630
9844:UR-144
9804:MDA-19
9774:JWH-73
9749:HU-308
9577:PipISB
9562:O-2050
9461:AM-251
9435:UR-144
9410:O-1812
9375:Kavain
9350:HU-210
9122:, see
9104:cinema
9058:Hawaii
8982:Tuvalu
8850:Tongan
8800:Papuan
8755:Igorot
8704:People
8664:Samoan
8614:Fijian
8583:Tuvalu
8568:Tahiti
8396:Hawaii
8320:Tuvalu
8151:Hawaii
8075:Tuvalu
7866:Tuvalu
7851:tāmūrē
7846:Tahiti
7836:Rotuma
7826:pa'o'a
7821:'ote'a
7801:kailao
7668:Bangka
7651:Canoes
7587:Tuvalu
7387:Lapita
7346:tattoo
7062:Others
6988:Orexin
6934:Others
6924:, etc.
6901:, etc.
6870:, etc.
6852:, etc.
6738:, etc.
6715:, etc.
6684:, etc.
6666:, etc.
6320:Others
6311:SL-164
5514:Kavain
5350:2 July
5299:1 July
5267:"Kava"
5251:3 July
5203:2 July
4839:"Kava"
4748:Xinhua
4706:
4698:
4660:
4652:
4644:
4609:
4549:
4509:
4501:
4447:
4437:
4400:
4392:
4357:
4327:
4319:
4284:
4276:
4241:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4154:
4125:
4100:
4092:
4084:
4049:
4041:
4033:
3998:
3990:
3949:
3941:
3904:
3828:
3791:
3742:
3734:
3688:
3678:
3670:
3629:
3621:
3613:
3573:
3545:25 May
3506:
3496:
3488:
3380:
3339:
3331:
3296:
3288:
3251:
3226:
3218:
3180:
3145:
3137:
3096:"Kava"
3067:
3032:
3024:
3016:
2975:
2967:
2925:2 July
2895:2 July
2870:
2839:
2793:29 May
2767:29 May
2741:29 May
2711:
2609:
2565:
2530:
2437:
2405:
2366:
2331:
2323:
2315:
2242:
2232:
2190:
2180:
2130:
2086:
1984:"Kava"
1847:, and
1825:France
1814:Europe
1760:asthma
1653:alone.
1643:CYP450
1530:yaqona
1522:yaqona
1446:, and
1344:pestle
1340:mortar
1301:(2005)
1295:Ovalau
1291:Lovoni
1184:, the
1079:, and
1063:, and
1045:kavain
994:, and
982:, and
976:kavain
960:sugars
954:, 15%
950:, 20%
948:starch
834:. The
830:, and
808:Hawaii
704:, the
694:Hawaii
692:, and
668:, and
666:Samoas
664:, the
620:etymon
584:. The
535:; and
522:Samoan
513:, and
499:Tongan
495:sa-kau
476:) via
470:*wakaR
466:*kawaR
439:Hawaii
411:(syn.
354:, and
333:Kosrae
313:Hawaii
293:malogu
285:Kosrae
265:yagona
261:yaqona
235:Tongan
18:Yagona
19964:18313
19946:IRMNG
19912:28587
19886:PIPME
19717:Semax
19356:(NOP)
19334:UPHIT
19319:RB-64
19259:ML350
19254:ML190
19214:JDTic
19189:DIPPA
18956:RB-64
18711:HS665
18576:CR665
18471:18-MC
18466:8-CAC
18442:(KOR)
17964:DSLET
17949:DPDPE
17899:DADLE
17859:BU-48
17785:(DOR)
17623:JDTic
17485:18-MC
17314:PZM21
17258:opium
17167:NFEPP
16847:DADLE
16651:(MOR)
16312:DEABL
16005:gases
15814:TP-13
15543:THDOC
15433:DHDOC
13926:LGICs
13633:CaCCs
13605:PcTX1
13564:ASICs
12891:VGSCs
12161:BmTx3
12014:HsTx1
11903:VGKCs
10938:VDCCs
10736:ML296
10731:ML295
10726:ML294
10716:KT203
10711:KT195
10706:KT185
10701:KT182
10679:ABHD6
10557:SA-57
10552:SA-47
10307:eCBTs
10033:GPR55
9972:AM251
9945:GPR18
9940:NAGly
9724:CB-13
9597:VCHSR
9300:CB-13
9112:dress
8977:Tonga
8967:Samoa
8957:Palau
8947:Nauru
8770:Māori
8765:Lumad
8629:Māori
8624:Maohi
8578:Tonga
8553:Sāmoa
8538:Palau
8521:Māori
8506:Nauru
8439:Music
8315:Tonga
8305:Samoa
8295:Palau
8285:Nauru
8070:Tonga
8060:Samoa
8050:Palau
8040:Nauru
7861:Tonga
7754:Dance
7745:Walap
7728:Vinta
7713:Paraw
7577:Tonga
7567:Sāmoa
7552:Palau
7535:Māori
7520:Nauru
7392:Māori
7351:tēfui
7341:tapa
7331:tabua
7299:Māori
7184:UMB68
6504:GABOB
5561:Other
4925:(PDF)
4914:(PDF)
4658:S2CID
4507:S2CID
4463:Drugs
4398:S2CID
4374:Drugs
4325:S2CID
4204:S2CID
4152:JSTOR
4098:S2CID
4047:S2CID
3826:S2CID
3627:S2CID
3539:(PDF)
3528:(PDF)
3337:S2CID
3294:S2CID
3224:S2CID
3143:S2CID
3030:S2CID
2973:S2CID
2864:(PDF)
2660:(PDF)
2563:S2CID
2528:S2CID
2403:S2CID
2329:S2CID
2270:(PDF)
1931:Betel
1845:Tonga
1841:Samoa
1415:Maewo
1336:coral
1031:-O-CH
944:water
837:Aliʻi
672:. An
670:Tonga
612:Māori
581:Piper
544:Māori
488:*kava
464:term
458:*kava
289:malok
273:sakau
257:Samoa
223:Greek
219:Latin
158:Piper
121:Clade
108:Clade
95:Clade
48:Kava
20114:Kava
20060:POWO
20052:PIME
19998:NCBI
19959:ITIS
19933:IPNI
19907:GRIN
19894:GBIF
19881:EPPO
19860:1713
19842:BOLD
19104:ANTI
18721:HZ-2
18275:BNTX
17558:CTOP
17554:CTAP
15615:DS-1
15247:Kava
15174:EGCG
14110:tert
14102:tert
14005:GABA
13939:here
13937:See
13914:here
13912:See
13901:TRPs
13732:CFTR
13659:DIDS
13500:ENaC
13421:mint
12809:K2Ps
12680:GIRK
12525:GIRK
12391:IRKs
12107:hERG
11455:Z944
11381:Z160
10837:2-PG
10822:NAPE
10779:MAFP
10648:MAFP
10613:IDFP
10597:MAGL
10522:MAFP
10492:IDFP
10439:FAAH
9967:ACPA
9859:THCV
9814:NADA
9639:2-AG
9592:THCV
9405:NADA
9330:EGCG
9225:2-AG
9118:and
9053:Guam
9010:Niue
8932:Fiji
8865:Yami
8528:Niue
8486:Lali
8476:Guam
8471:Fiji
8391:Guam
8348:Niue
8270:Fiji
8146:Guam
8103:Niue
8025:Fiji
7917:Fiji
7841:siva
7816:meke
7796:hula
7786:haka
7771:fara
7766:cibi
7738:list
7733:Waka
7723:Proa
7688:Kaep
7673:Drua
7542:Niue
7491:Guam
7470:Fiji
7289:moai
7024:VDCC
6810:5-HT
6473:GABA
5651:2M2B
5631:GABA
5622:N05C
5464:Kava
5450:Kava
5397:HEAR
5378:2014
5352:2016
5327:2020
5301:2017
5275:2022
5253:2017
5205:2016
5180:2016
5136:2018
5110:2023
5084:2018
5058:2013
5033:2023
5007:2021
4985:2013
4959:2013
4933:2007
4896:2017
4870:2017
4847:2017
4813:2006
4786:2022
4760:2020
4730:2016
4704:PMID
4696:ISSN
4650:PMID
4642:ISSN
4607:PMID
4576:2017
4547:PMID
4499:PMID
4445:PMID
4390:PMID
4355:PMID
4317:PMID
4282:PMID
4274:ISSN
4258:JAMA
4239:PMID
4196:PMID
4188:ISSN
4123:ISBN
4090:PMID
4082:ISSN
4039:PMID
4031:ISSN
3996:PMID
3988:ISSN
3947:PMID
3939:ISSN
3902:ISBN
3878:2016
3856:2017
3789:ISBN
3770:2018
3740:PMID
3732:ISSN
3686:PMID
3668:ISSN
3619:PMID
3611:ISSN
3571:ISBN
3547:2016
3504:PMID
3486:ISSN
3421:2014
3378:PMID
3329:PMID
3286:PMID
3249:ISBN
3216:PMID
3178:PMID
3135:PMID
3104:2018
3065:PMID
3022:PMID
3014:ISSN
2965:PMID
2927:2016
2897:2016
2868:OCLC
2837:PMID
2795:2016
2769:2016
2743:2016
2709:PMID
2642:2019
2607:ISBN
2493:2019
2435:ISBN
2364:PMID
2321:PMID
2313:ISSN
2240:PMID
2218:2003
2188:PMID
2128:ISBN
2084:ISBN
2072:Kava
2039:2017
2009:2017
1951:Paan
1837:Fiji
1746:for
1660:and
1434:and
1404:bilo
1400:Fiji
1396:bilo
1392:grog
1381:bilo
1330:and
1299:Fiji
1264:and
1216:5-HT
1214:and
1209:5-HT
1199:and
1188:and
1171:GABA
1167:GABA
1151:and
1109:GABA
876:hula
846:Moʻi
832:Nene
828:Hiwa
824:Moʻi
816:ʻawa
793:Sese
662:Fiji
606:and
547:kawa
540:ʻawa
533:ʻava
518:kava
503:Niue
344:root
342:The
331:and
315:and
281:seka
269:Fiji
252:ʻava
243:ʻawa
237:and
231:kava
205:Kava
20086:WFO
19868:EoL
19199:ECG
19194:EGC
18310:EGC
18305:ECG
17984:FIT
17588:EGC
17583:ECG
16344:DS2
15453:DHT
15169:EGC
13163:FBT
12596:ATP
12416:ATP
10658:NAM
9325:ECG
9320:DEA
7831:poi
7626:Yap
7449:Pwo
7279:Lei
7254:Ahu
7246:Art
6524:GVL
6519:GBL
6509:GHB
4978:WTO
4688:doi
4684:100
4634:doi
4599:doi
4539:doi
4489:doi
4485:335
4435:PMC
4425:doi
4382:doi
4309:doi
4266:doi
4262:304
4231:doi
4227:107
4180:doi
4074:doi
4023:doi
3978:doi
3931:doi
3927:151
3818:doi
3724:doi
3676:PMC
3658:doi
3603:doi
3599:126
3494:PMC
3478:doi
3444:doi
3368:doi
3321:doi
3317:170
3278:doi
3208:doi
3170:doi
3127:doi
3057:doi
3004:doi
2957:doi
2829:doi
2701:doi
2672:doi
2555:doi
2520:doi
2395:doi
2356:doi
2352:100
2305:doi
2230:PMC
2222:doi
2178:PMC
2170:doi
2076:doi
1833:WTO
1633:),
1505:of
1125:of
912:to
806:In
676:of
560:or
291:or
279:),
271:),
263:or
259:),
249:),
207:or
20110::
20088::
20075::
20062::
20049::
20036::
20023::
20000::
19987::
19974::
19961::
19948::
19935::
19922::
19909::
19896::
19883::
19870::
19857::
19844::
19829::
19814::
19665:D
19020:,
19016:,
19012:,
16594:•
16590:•
16545:,
16541:,
16537:,
16508:,
16504:,
16430:,
16426:,
16422:,
16378:,
16374:,
16370:,
16336:,
16332:,
16328:,
16279:,
16275:,
15687::
15641::
15608::
15570::
13961:•
13462:,
13458:,
13189:,
12763:Ca
12761:BK
12731:Ca
12729:BK
12706:Ca
12366:7)
12328:7)
11568:):
11283:;
11208:;
11178:;
9617:CB
9194:CB
9114:,
9110:,
9106:,
8733:or
7445:,
6812:2A
5408:.
5343:.
5243:.
5227:12
5225:.
5221:.
5196:.
5171:.
5153:.
5126:.
5100:.
5075:.
5049:.
5024:.
4976:.
4916:.
4886:.
4828:).
4776:.
4746:.
4702:.
4694:.
4682:.
4670:^
4656:.
4648:.
4640:.
4630:16
4628:.
4605:.
4595:38
4593:.
4567:.
4545:.
4535:31
4533:.
4519:^
4505:.
4497:.
4483:.
4479:.
4443:.
4433:.
4419:.
4396:.
4388:.
4378:65
4376:.
4349:.
4337:^
4323:.
4315:.
4305:18
4303:.
4280:.
4272:.
4260:.
4237:.
4202:.
4194:.
4186:.
4176:27
4174:.
4146:.
4096:.
4088:.
4080:.
4070:41
4068:.
4045:.
4037:.
4029:.
4019:26
4017:.
3994:.
3986:.
3974:28
3972:.
3968:.
3945:.
3937:.
3925:.
3886:^
3847:.
3824:.
3814:80
3812:.
3761:.
3738:.
3730:.
3722:.
3712:64
3710:.
3698:^
3684:.
3674:.
3666:.
3654:24
3652:.
3648:.
3625:.
3617:.
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