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visible colour on the glass. They were sharp but gave the typically "foggy" image of an uncoated lens with bright lighting. With the iris ring sitting inside the focussing ring it was impossible to focus at full aperture followed by stopping down, as this moved the point of focus. What makes these lenses interesting is their very compact "pancake" design. The concept of the makers was to offer a sharp Tessar-type lens of the simplest possible body construction, leaving out all progress made in this field since 1945. The most prominent lens is the 6-element 2.0/58mm "Helios" based on the pre-war Zeiss Biotar (US Patent 1,786,916 (W.Merté, 1930) Zenit also manufactures several
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like Foto-Quelle and
Neckermann. The main criticism of the USSR exporters at the time was that they could only supply hopelessly outdated equipment like the Zenit E that they had been directed to produce in quantity, despite having the capacity to produce more technically advanced products that might have been attractive to Western buyers. TOE were fighting a constant battle with their USSR-suppliers in this direction, having to fill the gap left by the excellent but not-for-export Soviet lenses which would have been a major selling-point, by a hodge-podge selection of second-rate mass-market optics from Japan, albeit under the "Helios" label.
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shots. The 1981 price was $ 110 usa. The
Russians believed that 58mm more closely matched the Human normal range than the standard 50mm used worldwide as a normal lens. It also had a T setting for timed exposures making it a good choice for yearly fireworks displays. The "T" setting locked the shutter open allowing a tripod mounted camera to be used with an index card to manually open for few bursts of fire works and then close and reset.
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their market-segment was saturated with second-hand equipment, so no major importer looked at them. One of the characteristics of Soviet camera manufacture was that the capability of its designers was well ahead of that of its policy-makers. The 20-year overdue replacement of the external selenium cell of the Zenit E by TTL-metering is said to be the work of an employee who made a conversion on his own accord.
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had automatic exposure mode. Its shutter was sped up to achieve X-sync at 1/125. Each of these had its own bayonet mount ("mount 7" and "mount D" respectively) which helped to utilize the camera's most advanced features. There were plans to develop a full line of optics for these cameras but the new
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The Zenit-KM Plus was the final Zenit camera to be produced; as of 2005 all SLR camera production at the
Krasnogorsk factory ceased. These highly interesting ultimate Zeniths would have been major sellers on Western markets during the "SLR-decade" of the 1970s. However, they appeared at a time when
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The Zenit 12-XP With its Helios f2/58mm lens and cloth shutter was widely sold by US Eastern camera stores. Many with the Zenit name covered with their "USA" brand. This
Metallic re-badge was easy enough to gently pry off to see the true name Zenit. The TTL meter was fairly accurate and took decent
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Bessamatic-type mount with Compur-type iris-shutter near the lens elements. The poor durability and high manufacturing cost of this concept in contrast to the classical barebone Zenit design based on ultimate simplicity showed KMZ to have taken a wrong track: Nevertheless, the Zenit-5 was the first
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In the West, the success of the Zenit line can be focused on the United
Kingdom, primarily due to the marketing activity and service of TOE, and secondly the originally heavy UK tax-load of up to two-thirds on imported precision cameras. Substantial quantities were later sold by German discounters
443:
which saw (including its subtypes) over 12 million produced. A heavy and tough camera which gained a reputation of being ‘bomb proof’, with a mechanism that was of exceedingly simple design along the lines of "what isn't there, can't go wrong". Automatic diaphragm functionality was not available
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During the first years of production (until the Zenit-E of 1967) Zenit camera development coincided with that of the Zorki cameras. The Zenit-S had PC-synchro for external flash units (almost like the Zorki-S) and the Zenit-3M also had an RF-sibling, the Zorki-6. For an SLR, the
Pentaprism of all
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The original Zenit came with the sturdy click-stop four-element 3.5/50mm Zeiss Tessar copy under the "Industar" designation. Early aluminium variants made in several different bodies were finely blue-coated, whereas the later mass-produced black version was either partially or un-coated with no
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began. This was a camera with an original electromagnet-driven focal-plane shutter, M42 lens mount, and shutter speeds from 1 sec to 1/1000. X-sync at 1/60 or 1/125 (camera was modified during production). The camera has only manual shooting mode (with a TTL-meter and a needle indicator of the
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Towards the end of the 20th century, the Zenit-E heritage became an obstacle to the development of more modern Zenit models. This was because almost all low-end Zenits until the recent 412DX have been based on the Zenit-E die-cast chassis, complying with the local philosophy that a crude but
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camera), and the second (after the Zenit-5) motor-driven SLR camera built by KMZ. Shutter speeds range from 1/2000 to 1 sec (and up to 16 sec in Auto mode). X-sync is 1/125 sec, and the camera includes both manual shutter and aperture-priority modes as well as DX-coding from 50 to 3200
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until the introduction of the Zenit-EM, which used a direct mechanism linking the shutter release button to the aperture mechanism, significantly increasing the effort required to release the shutter. Production included both M39×1 and M42×1 mounts for the Zenit E and
399:). In transforming the Zorki into an SLR, the simplest approach was taken: the rangefinder housing was removed from the top and replaced by a plain ground-glass screen and prism; a mirror was added below with a lever operated mirror setting system and the
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mount, and even a knife for cutting-off part of the unexposed film. The photographer could choose between a pentaprism and waist-level finders. The grave disadvantage of the Start is blamed on lack of lenses; only one lens (the
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classical Zenits was undersize, with the viewfinder showing about two-thirds of the actual frame-size. On the Zenit-S the mirror setting lever mechanism of the original Zenit was replaced by a cord and pulley system.
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1025:, a normal lens and a Zenit adapted for the gunstock (recognizable by the s designation, Zenit-ES, 122s etc.). The camera is actually held in the same manner as a rifle; hence the name "Photosniper".
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One oddity of the Zenit camera range is the so-called FotoSnaiper (or
Photosniper) kit, which consists of a case (either leather or metal) a gunstock and shoulderstock, filters, a 300 mm f4.5
660:. Its distinguishing feature was the introduction of a manual shutter mode in addition to aperture-priority. The original FZL-84 shutter was also changed to a licensed 'Copal Square' shutter.
358:. However, TOE's imported camera bodies as from 1963 retained the "Zenit" badges. The early Zorki-based models before that time were labelled "Zenith" in a handwritten style of script.
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series. The edition comprised 500 units: fifty units with a black finish and 450 in silver. Russian firmware drives the camera, and the chassis was designed in
Krasnogorsk.
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A second digital camera of an entirely new design is planned for release by 2020; also in collaboration with Leica. This camera will make use of a different lens line.
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With the success of the Zeiss-Ikon
Contaflex of the mid-1950s and its follow-ups in form of the Bessamatic, Retina- and Paxette-reflex, Zenit's next attempt was the
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shutter was too complicated and unreliable. Production was cancelled shortly after, and the only lens made for new mounts were the standard types. The
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lenses in different focal lengths of which some were of 4-element pre-war Zeiss Sonnar design with the cemented second and ultra-fat third element.
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expo, Zenit announced that it was resuming camera and lens production for the M-mount, as well as for unspecified Nikon and Canon mounts in 2019.
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This article is about the
Russian camera and photographic equipment brand. For the astronomic or geodetic instruments directed to the zenith, see
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During 1967 through 1969 KMZ built an automatic die-cast moulding line, allowing mass camera production. Camera production switched to the
1138:. UPA-5 is a portable model which folds into a small suitcase. UPA-6 is a more sophisticated enlarger for producing color photo prints.
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utilized the same normal lens — a Helios-44 2/58. The Zenit-D is one of the rarest Zenit cameras — only 63 cameras were produced.
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Two further M-mount Zenitar lenses are set for release circa March 2019: the Zenitar-M 21mm F/2.8 and the Zenitar-M 50mm F/1.0.
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of 2001. This is the second microprocessor-controlled camera in the Zenit range (the first one was the second variant of the
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in 1958. This camera had a full set of shutter speeds (from 1 sec to 1/1000), a lens with an automatic diaphragm in a unique
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and distributed freely) and a focal shutter with horizontal-travel cloth curtains. The only operation mode was
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models. Later models were only produced in the M42×1 with the Pentax K mount available for the latest models.
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affordable camera was better than no camera. The major events of the further development of Zenit-E line was:
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electric motor-driven SLR camera in the world, and the first Soviet zoom lens (Rubin-1c 2.8/37–80, based on
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thread) and an instant-return mirror was also developed. This led to one of the most famous Zenits —
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1262:"Zenit M with 35mm F/1.0 Lens – Russian Legendary Brand Enters Digital Age – Interview and Footage"
1231:"Zenit M with 35mm F/1.0 Lens – Russian Legendary Brand Enters Digital Age – Interview and Footage"
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Zenit M with 35mm F/1.0 Lens – Russian Legendary Brand Enters Digital Age – Interview and Footage
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Zenit M with 35mm F/1.0 Lens – Russian Legendary Brand Enters Digital Age – Interview and Footage
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Zenit M with 35mm F/1.0 Lens – Russian Legendary Brand Enters Digital Age – Interview and Footage
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Zenit M with 35mm F/1.0 Lens – Russian Legendary Brand Enters Digital Age – Interview and Footage
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Following this, there were two more attempts to make high-end photographic equipment, namely the
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1394:; however, if you ask a question in English (or any other language) you will receive an answer.
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proper exposition in the viewfinder). The Zenit-19 was, perhaps, the top-of-the-line Soviet
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580:(1969). Both were based on the completely new cloth-curtain shutter construction. The
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1156:"USSRPhoto.com - Russian / Soviet Cameras Wiki Catalog - MashPriborIntorg 1978"
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metering system (instead of a non-coupled Selenium-cell lightmeter) on the
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The digital Zenit M camera was released in a limited edition set with the
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Zenit-VM, also known as Zenit-BM (identical to the EM but no lightmeter)
403:×1 thread mount was pushed forward to make room for the mirror inside.
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The first attempt to make high-end professional camera by KMZ was the
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Zenit-V, also known as Zenit-B (identical to the E but no lightmeter)
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for panoramic cameras. In the 1960s and 1970s, they were exported by
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676:. In 2004, the KM received some improvements and was renamed to the
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105:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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541:-44 f2/58) was ever made for the proprietary Start mount directly.
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1094:-M 35mm F/1.0 lens. The camera was produced in partnership with
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Soviet Start SLR Professional camera 1958-64 by Stephen Rothery
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Zenit-DF line (Minolta / Rokkor mount cameras made by Seagull)
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DX-code introduction (instead of manual ISO-speed switch) —
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Zenit E with Helios 44-2 lens and selenium-cell lightmeter
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was a cheaper version of the AM without the self-timer.
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USSRPhoto.com wiki catalog listing of all Zenit models
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http://vintagebystelios.blogspot.gr/p/zenit-122.html
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163:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
949:Zenit-MT-1 Surprise (half frame Zenit-19 variant)
350:in English, such as the manuals published by the
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1130:as well. Some of the best known are the models
855:Cameras with TTL-metering and M42 thread mount
759:List of Zenit DKL-mount ("Байонет Ц") lenses:
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906:Cameras with TTL-metering and Pentax K mount
828:Zenit-EM, Produced between 1972-1984 by KMZ.
1012:Zenit DF-300x, same as the Seagull DF-300x2
427:Zenit E with Helios 44-2 lens, made in 1971
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1006:Zenit DF-2ETM, same as the Seagull DF-2ETM
725:Zenit-S (S stands for flash sync, 1955–61)
241:Learn how and when to remove this message
223:Learn how and when to remove this message
121:Learn how and when to remove this message
1438:Technology companies established in 1952
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1009:Zenit DF-300, same as the Seagull DF-300
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967:Zenit-Automat, also known as Zenit-Auto
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456:Introduction of an automatic 'jumping'
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1363:Zenit cameras made in China by Seagull
954:Zenit-Ax line (Pentax K mount cameras)
788:Models with a Selenium cell lightmeter
739:Zenit-3M (modified Kristall, 1962–70)
524:Zenit-16 with vertical travel shutter
1348:Review of first Zenit by Rick Oleson
1343:Review of Zenit E by Stephen Dowling
1126:Zenit manufactured a large range of
1003:Zenit DF-2, same as the Seagull DF-2
892:Zenit-122V, also known as Zenit-122B
842:Models without a Selenium lightmeter
604:After one more unsuccessful camera (
161:adding citations to reliable sources
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1046:FS-12 (Zenit-12, Zenit-TTL based)
492:The Zenit-E was also sold with the
13:
1059:Low Production and Prototype only
744:Zenit 4 line semiautomatic cameras
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395:rangefinder camera (a copy of the
315:cameras. Among related brands are
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962:Zenit-AM-2 camera and accessories
875:Zenit 412, one of the last models
45:This article has multiple issues.
919:Cameras with non-standard mounts
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565:Zoomar design) featured in the
556:cameras. These were based on a
148:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
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796:Zenit ET with Helios 44-2 lens
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346:The name is sometimes spelled
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1443:1952 establishments in Russia
663:The most recent model is the
1390:features a Russian-language
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383:Zenit-S (Synchronized), 1955
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1388:The KMZ R&D Center site
1378:Zenit 122 manual in Spanish
1055:FS-412 (Zenit-412DX based)
863:Zenit-TTL, version sold in
304:since the 1970s. The Zenit
101:the claims made and adding
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1423:Single-lens reflex cameras
1181:"Zenit SLR Camera Manuals"
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1049:FS-12-3 (Zenit-12xp based)
935:M42 semi-automatic cameras
736:Kristall/Crystal (1961–62)
633:(which was proposed as an
411:Zenit-E and its successors
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319:(Watchful) for 35 mm
18:
1338:Complete KMZ cameras list
1114:Zenit-Leica Collaboration
1052:FS-122 (Zenit-122 based)
988:Zenit 14 (also semi-auto)
946:Zenit-18 automatic camera
516:Zenit-4 with leaf shutter
274:
1368:Zenit Cameras. Genealogy
375:Zenit, first model, 1952
1043:FS-3 (Zenit-E based)
1040:FS-2 (FED RF based)
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886:Zenit-12xp, Zenit-12sd
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25:Zenit (disambiguation)
23:. For other uses, see
1185:www.commiecameras.com
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778:Rubin-1Ц 37-80mm f2.8
772:Jupiter-25Ц 85mm f2.8
696:Standard Zenit Lenses
656:Next in line was the
621:Pentax-K mount series
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16:Soviet camera company
769:Helios-65Ц 52mm f2.8
687:Soviet Export Policy
494:Moscow 1980 Olympics
335:folding cameras and
157:improve this article
775:Tair-38Ц 133mm f2.8
321:rangefinder cameras
308:is associated with
172:"Zenit" camera
1036:Production Models
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1100:Leica M (Typ 240)
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643:aperture-priority
475:Switching to the
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985:Zenit-KM plus
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714:Early cameras
709:Camera models
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678:Zenit-KM Plus
675:
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669:Zenit-automat
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636:
635:open standard
632:
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627:Zenit-automat
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333:medium-format
330:
329:Iskra (Spark)
327:(Moscow) and
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174: –
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168:Find sources:
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146:This article
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84:This article
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21:Zenith camera
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1213:. Retrieved
1209:
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1188:. Retrieved
1184:
1175:
1163:. Retrieved
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996:
783:Zenit-E line
758:
732:Hinged Back
731:
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626:
625:In 1984 the
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167:
155:Please help
150:verification
147:
117:
108:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
1383:In Russian
1373:In Spanish
1328:In English
1023:Tair-3 lens
1017:Photosniper
901:Zenit-412LS
898:Zenit-412DX
576:(1968) and
563:Voigtländer
558:Voigtländer
534:breech-lock
487:Zenit-412DX
367:Early years
290:Krasnogorsk
1412:Categories
914:Zenit-212K
911:Zenit-122K
895:Zenit-312m
812:Zenit 12xp
481:Zenit-122K
387:The above
310:35 mm
183:newspapers
111:March 2010
95:improve it
50:improve it
1398:In Greek
1142:Citations
1128:enlargers
1122:Enlargers
1106:Zenitar-M
1080:Photokina
979:Zenit-APK
976:Zenit-APM
973:Zenit-AM2
889:Zenit-122
880:Zenit-TTL
867:countries
820:Zenit TTL
658:Zenit-APK
651:Zenit-AM2
508:Zenit 122
471:Zenit-TTL
458:diaphragm
306:trademark
267:‹See Tfd›
213:June 2007
99:verifying
56:talk page
982:Zenit-KM
970:Zenit-AM
943:Zenit-19
940:Zenit-16
883:Zenit-12
837:Zenit-11
834:Zenit-10
831:Zenit-ET
665:Zenit-KM
647:Zenit-AM
617:camera.
610:Zenit-19
606:Zenit-16
548:(1964),
496:emblem.
462:Zenit-EM
437:Praktica
397:Leica II
1315:YouTube
1298:YouTube
1281:YouTube
1250:YouTube
1206:"CHINA"
1092:Zenitar
1086:Zenit M
930:Zenit-D
927:Zenit-7
865:comecon
825:Zenit-E
804:Zenit-E
755:Zenit 6
752:Zenit 5
749:Zenit 4
595:Zenit-D
591:Zenit-7
582:Zenit-D
578:Zenit-D
574:Zenit-7
567:Zenit-6
546:Zenit-4
460:on the
446:Zenit B
441:Zenit-E
362:History
337:Horizon
302:Belarus
277:) is a
271:Russian
197:scholar
93:Please
1215:21 May
1190:21 May
1165:21 May
998:Source
649:. The
639:Pentax
539:Helios
348:Zenith
325:Moskva
298:BelOMO
294:Moscow
282:camera
279:Soviet
275:Зени́т
199:
192:
185:
178:
170:
1392:forum
1136:UPA-6
1132:UPA-5
1096:Leica
1066:FS-4M
924:Start
587:Start
530:Start
433:M42×1
393:Zorki
389:Zenit
317:Zorki
292:near
262:Zenit
204:JSTOR
190:books
1217:2017
1192:2017
1167:2017
1134:and
1069:FS-5
1063:FS-4
703:Tair
593:and
552:and
331:for
176:news
1313:on
1296:on
1279:on
1248:on
674:ISO
637:by
467:TTL
401:M39
356:TOE
313:SLR
300:in
286:KMZ
159:by
97:by
1414::
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554:-6
550:-5
479:—
352:UK
323:,
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211:(
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