899:
1202:
1096:
112:
886:, population 1,195 people, joined the rebellion. In general, most of rebels were common herdsmen. In Övörkhangai aimag 90% members of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party and the Revolutionary youth union joined the rebels, as well as 95% of collective farms. Rebel fighting units numbered from dozens to thousands of men. They were armed mainly with flintlocks and antique rifles. Government troops numbered just a few hundred men but were better armed with modern rifles, machine guns, grenades, mountain artillery, armored cars and planes provided by the
124:
183:
863:, destroyed Khyalganat monastery where the rebellion had originated, and ordered the immediate execution of 54 of the 204 insurgents that were captured. Government forces, with the assistance of Soviet tanks and aircraft, gradually brought the rebellion under control by the end of summer 1932. Through June and July 614 rebels were killed and another 1,500 arrested during the course of 15 battles. Lkhümbe returned to
922:, Dörböt, partly Altai and Southern Govi). The numbers are quite fragmentary but more than 3,000 people are said to have participated on the side of the insurgents, and they are said to have killed more than 700 people between April and July 1932. According to a short-time chairman of the Defense Council, D. Ölziibat, 500 insurgents were killed in 16 battles, and 615 insurgents were condemned to death by
810:
898:
752:. More than 1,500 people were killed in the violence as both insurgents and Soviet-backed Mongolian troops sent to quell the rebellion engaged in atrocities. Special study revealed that this uprising corresponds to generally accepted criteria of civil war. Suggestions that the uprising was inspired or supported by Japan or the
772:
From 1929 to 1932, the MPRP, with Soviet oversight, pushed policies that rapidly transitioned the country from the “democratic” to the “socialist” stage of the revolution. One third of
Mongolian livestock (over 7 million heads) was decimated as herders were forced onto collective farms. Private
744:, the uprisings covered the northwest part of the country and lasted from April–November 1932. Most rebels consisted of common herders but even many party members and the local bureaucrats joined the rebellion. The insurgents were spurred on by rumors of support from the
934:
Following the violent uprisings, Moscow ordered a curtailment of the unpopular leftist initiatives and pinned the blame for the excesses of what became known as the "Leftist
Deviation" on hard-line leftists within the MPRP leadership, including
947:. All were officially expelled from the party in May 1932. The government instituted a "new course" policy in which anti-religious policies were eased after June 1932 and collectivization was suspended. Nevertheless, by this point the
926:. 35 sum centers and 45 cooperatives were destroyed. According to one Soviet document, 8,000-10,000 people were killed. Total number of people killed by insurgents is many times less than the total number of victims of the uprising.
817:
The swift defeat of the Uvs revolt failed to prevent further violent uprisings from spreading across western
Mongolia in 1932. The main uprising began on April 10 or 11th 1932 centered at the Khyalganat monastery of
773:
trade was suppressed and over 800 properties belonging to the nobility and the
Buddhist church were confiscated and over 700 head of mostly noble households were executed. Refugees streamed across the border into
840:
centers, and assassinating opponents, especially local officials and party and youth league members who actively sought to repress institutional
Buddhism in favor of socialism.
765:
867:
where, in recognition of his efforts, he was elected First
Secretary of the MPRP Central Committee on July 30, 1932. In August, however, the rebellion resumed in southern
951:
had effectively been destroyed, and the political moderation would prove to be only a temporary respite: the
Buddhist church would be almost completely eradicated in the
1267:
781:
as scattered local uprisings erupted between
February and April 1930 in different areas of southern and south-western Mongolia. In March 1930,
17:
663:
1139:
History of
Civilizations of Central Asia: Towards the contemporary period : from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century
1272:
468:
423:
1247:
826:, and spread quickly to neighboring monasteries. The insurgents established a high command under the name "Ochirbat's ministry" (
786:
745:
1203:
Kuzmin, S.L. and
Oyuunchimeg, J. Sotsializmyn Esreg 1932 Ony Mongol Dakh Boslogo. Ulaanbaatar: Munkhiin Useg, 2014, p. 97–114.
1147:
801:
that swiftly and brutally defeated the lamas. Eldev-Ochir ordered the on-the-spot execution of 30 leaders of the rebellion.
1137:
1117:
998:
656:
88:
36:
1193:
Kuzmin, S.L. and Oyuunchimeg J. Vooruzhennoe Vosstanie v Mongolii v 1932 g. Moscow, MBA Publ., 2015, pp. 88–99/165.
737:
1097:
Kuzmin, S.L. and Oyuunchimeg, J. Sotsializmyn Esreg 1932 Ony Mongol Dakh Boslogo. Ulaanbaatar: Munkhiin Useg, 2014
1262:
597:
1213:
Kuzmin, S.L. and Oyuunchimeg J. Vooruzhennoe Vosstanie v Mongolii v 1932 g. Moscow, MBA Publ., 2015, p. 102–103.
1184:
Kuzmin, S.L. and Oyuunchimeg J. Vooruzhennoe Vosstanie v Mongolii v 1932 g. Moscow, MBA Publ., 2015, p. 164–165.
610:
117:
836:
192:
855:
and Dörböt aimags. The Mongolian government responded by establishing an extraordinary commission headed by
952:
649:
620:
593:
563:
1252:
729:
1242:
630:
146:
1277:
915:
848:
718:
690:
1087:
Kuzmin, S.L. and Oyuunchimeg J. Vooruzhennoe Vosstanie v Mongolii v 1932 g. Moscow, MBA Publ., 2015.
859:
and deploying Interior Ministry armed units on April 15/16th. Lkhümbe's troops torched the town of
573:
538:
396:
1282:
860:
819:
782:
400:
923:
907:
868:
823:
583:
392:
273:
1257:
973:
944:
222:
202:
197:
243:
232:
217:
964:
875:
aimags. It is supposed that the Mongolian rebels have connection with similar uprising in
8:
890:. Soviet troops were not introduced, but military advisers participated in some battles.
518:
303:
212:
174:
977:
948:
911:
872:
844:
827:
709:
681:
313:
293:
263:
253:
227:
207:
1143:
1113:
936:
883:
940:
856:
919:
852:
753:
433:
378:
323:
528:
333:
834:), and began arming the local lamas and laypeople, burning down collective and
774:
749:
283:
1236:
508:
488:
478:
388:
368:
955:
of the late 1930s, and livestock would be collectivized again in the 1950s.
887:
798:
794:
498:
443:
129:
864:
182:
987:
882:
The uprising covered an area of about 155,000 km. The garrison town of
983:
733:
413:
790:
785:, a rising star of the MPRP's left wing, was appointed head of the
778:
701:
151:
61:
728:) was a popular revolt against the "left course" policies of the
358:
968:
906:
The uprising covered the country's four most populated aimags (
797:. He and a Soviet trainer commanded the fourth cavalry out of
789:
and ordered to suppress uprisings by lamas at Tögsbuyant and
809:
764:
991:
902:
The trial of the participants of the armed uprising in 1933
876:
741:
1018:
1016:
1014:
723:
695:
106:
Buddhist clergy, cattle owners, individual partyworkers
1011:
879:. The uprising was suppressed to November 1932.
1234:
1268:Military operations involving the Soviet Union
1112:. London: Hodder and Stoughton. p. 123.
657:
732:(MPRP) as directed by Soviet Bolsheviks and
664:
650:
756:are not confirmed by archival documents.
897:
808:
763:
84:Strengthening of anti-religious policies
14:
1235:
1107:
730:Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
1135:
1131:
1129:
804:
598:Soviet intervention in Bogd Khanate
24:
25:
1294:
1126:
999:Stalinist repressions in Mongolia
89:Stalinist repressions in Mongolia
37:Stalinist repressions in Mongolia
843:The rebellion quickly spread to
181:
122:
110:
1273:Mongolia–Soviet Union relations
1216:
1207:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1156:
1110:Lost Country, Mongolia Revealed
30:1932 armed uprising in Mongolia
1224:The Modern History of Mongolia
1101:
1090:
1081:
1076:The Modern History of Mongolia
1068:
1055:
1042:
1037:The Modern History of Mongolia
1029:
18:1932 armed uprising (Mongolia)
13:
1:
1136:Adle, Chahryar (2005-01-01).
1052:, Ulaanbaatar 1990, p. 21/53.
1004:
787:Internal Security Directorate
759:
738:People's Republic of Mongolia
929:
75:Mongolian government victory
7:
1248:Mongolian People's Republic
1166:, Ulaanbaatar 1990, p. 33f.
1026:, Ulaanbaatar 1990, p. 94f.
958:
724:
696:
118:Mongolian People's Republic
10:
1299:
1065:, Ulaanbaatar 1990, p. 53.
893:
831:
713:
685:
164:
159:
135:
100:
42:
34:
29:
1226:, London 1968, p. 320ff.
1164:1932 ony zevsegt boslogo
1063:1932 ony zevsegt boslogo
1050:1932 ony zevsegt boslogo
1024:1932 ony zevsegt boslogo
697:1932 ony zevsegt boslogo
686:1932 оны зэвсэгт бослого
401:Second Turkic Khaganates
1142:. UNESCO. p. 368.
1108:Becker, Jasper (1992).
1078:, London 1968, p. 317f.
924:drumhead courts-martial
783:Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir
147:Mongolian People's Army
50:April 11 – October 1932
1039:, London 1968, p. 316.
903:
814:
769:
274:Munkhkhairkhan culture
81:Rebel leaders captured
974:1971 JVP insurrection
945:Tsengeltiin Jigjidjav
943:, and Prime Minister
901:
812:
767:
740:. Principally led by
621:Democratic Revolution
160:Casualties and losses
704:, also known as the
87:Continuation of the
725:Khөvsgөliyn boslogo
678:1932 armed uprising
594:People's Revolution
564:National Revolution
519:Oirat Confederation
304:Deer stones culture
175:History of Mongolia
1253:Rebellions in Asia
949:Mongolian nobility
904:
815:
770:
714:Хөвсгөлийн бослого
584:Chinese occupation
314:Slab-grave culture
294:Ulaanzuukh culture
264:Chemurchek culture
254:Afanasievo culture
1263:Khövsgöl Province
1243:Conflicts in 1932
1162:D. Tserenbaljir,
1149:978-92-3-103985-0
1061:D. Tserenbaljir,
1048:D. Tserenbaljir,
1022:D. Tserenbaljir,
965:War in the Vendée
937:Zolbingiin Shijee
805:Outline of events
722:
706:Khuvsgul Uprising
694:
674:
673:
639:
638:
611:People's Republic
547:
546:
452:
451:
424:Tang protectorate
342:
341:
169:
168:
96:
95:
16:(Redirected from
1290:
1278:1932 in Mongolia
1227:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1182:
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1173:
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1059:
1053:
1046:
1040:
1033:
1027:
1020:
953:Stalinist purges
833:
754:9th Panchen Lama
727:
717:
715:
699:
689:
687:
666:
659:
652:
560:
559:
473:9th–12th century
465:
464:
434:Uyghur Khaganate
379:Rouran Khaganate
355:
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324:Chandman culture
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1043:
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1021:
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1007:
961:
932:
896:
813:Jambyn Lkhümbe
807:
793:monasteries in
762:
670:
641:
640:
631:Modern Mongolia
604:
557:
549:
548:
529:Dzungar Khanate
469:Mongol khanates
462:
461:Medieval period
454:
453:
407:
352:
344:
343:
334:Pazyryk culture
247:
123:
121:
120:
111:
109:
78:
64:
51:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1296:
1286:
1285:
1283:Anti-communism
1280:
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1255:
1250:
1245:
1229:
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1206:
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960:
957:
941:Ölziin Badrakh
931:
928:
895:
892:
857:Jambyn Lkhümbe
824:Khövsgöl aimag
806:
803:
775:Inner Mongolia
761:
758:
736:agents in the
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671:
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623:
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574:Bogd Khaganate
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351:Ancient period
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284:Sagsai culture
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136:Units involved
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2:
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1259:
1256:
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1249:
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1244:
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1240:
1238:
1225:
1222:C.R. Bawden,
1219:
1210:
1204:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1165:
1159:
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1145:
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1132:
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1121:
1119:0-340-55665-X
1115:
1111:
1104:
1098:
1093:
1084:
1077:
1074:C.R. Bawden,
1071:
1064:
1058:
1051:
1045:
1038:
1035:C.R. Bawden,
1032:
1025:
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1017:
1015:
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1000:
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994:
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985:
979:
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938:
927:
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921:
917:
913:
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891:
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885:
880:
878:
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871:and northern
870:
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841:
839:
838:
829:
825:
821:
811:
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703:
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683:
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632:
629:
628:
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622:
619:
618:
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595:
592:
591:
587:
585:
582:
581:
577:
575:
572:
571:
567:
565:
562:
561:
556:Modern period
553:
552:
542:
540:
537:
536:
532:
530:
527:
526:
522:
520:
517:
516:
512:
510:
509:Northern Yuan
507:
506:
502:
500:
497:
496:
492:
490:
489:Mongol Empire
487:
486:
482:
480:
479:Khamag Mongol
477:
476:
472:
470:
467:
466:
458:
457:
447:
445:
442:
441:
437:
435:
432:
431:
427:
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422:
421:
417:
415:
412:
411:
405:
402:
398:
394:
390:
387:
386:
382:
380:
377:
376:
372:
370:
369:Xianbei state
367:
366:
362:
360:
357:
356:
348:
347:
337:
335:
332:
331:
327:
325:
322:
321:
317:
315:
312:
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307:
305:
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301:
297:
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281:
277:
275:
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251:
245:
240:
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234:
231:
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209:
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204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
190:
189:
188:
184:
180:
179:
176:
173:
172:
165:1,500+ killed
163:
158:
153:
150:
148:
145:
144:
143:
140:
139:
134:
131:
119:
108:
105:
104:
99:
90:
86:
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80:
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73:
71:
68:
67:
63:
59:
56:
55:
49:
46:
45:
41:
38:
33:
28:
19:
1258:1932 in Asia
1223:
1218:
1209:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1163:
1158:
1138:
1109:
1103:
1092:
1083:
1075:
1070:
1062:
1057:
1049:
1044:
1036:
1031:
1023:
981:
933:
905:
881:
842:
835:
832:ochirbat яам
820:Rashaant sum
816:
795:Uvs Province
771:
768:Eldev-Orchir
746:Panchen Lama
705:
677:
675:
635:1990–present
539:Qing dynasty
499:Yuan dynasty
444:Liao dynasty
363:209 BC–93 AD
298:1450–1150 BC
288:1500–1000 BC
278:1800–1600 BC
268:2750–1900 BC
258:3300–2500 BC
130:Soviet Union
101:Belligerents
35:Part of the
916:Övörkhangai
865:Ulaanbaatar
849:Övörkhangai
318:1100–300 BC
308:1400–700 BC
244:Prehistoric
141:Rebel bands
1237:Categories
1175:Baabar 315
1005:References
988:South Asia
884:Tsetserleg
760:Background
338:600–300 BC
328:700–300 BC
52:(6 months)
984:Sri Lanka
930:Aftermath
912:Arkhangai
873:Arkhangai
845:Arkhangai
828:Mongolian
734:Comintern
719:romanized
710:Mongolian
691:romanized
682:Mongolian
615:1924–1992
605:1921–1924
588:1919–1921
578:1911–1919
543:1691–1911
533:1634–1757
523:1399–1634
513:1368–1635
503:1271–1368
493:1206–1368
483:1130–1206
414:Xueyantuo
223:Geography
959:See also
908:Khövsgöl
869:Khövsgöl
861:Rashaant
791:Ulaangom
779:Xinjiang
750:Japanese
748:and the
702:Mongolia
448:907–1125
389:Göktürks
233:Religion
228:Language
218:Politics
208:Nobility
193:Timeline
152:Red Army
62:Mongolia
57:Location
920:Zavkhan
894:Results
853:Zavkhan
721::
693::
438:744–840
428:647–682
418:628–646
408:682–744
406:555–630
397:Eastern
383:330–555
359:Xiongnu
213:Culture
1146:
1116:
978:Ceylon
969:France
399:, and
373:93–234
246:period
203:Rulers
198:States
127:
115:
69:Result
976:, in
799:Khovd
742:lamas
700:) in
393:First
1144:ISBN
1114:ISBN
992:Asia
982:now
888:USSR
877:Tuva
777:and
676:The
625:1990
603:1921
568:1911
47:Date
837:sum
822:in
1239::
1128:^
1013:^
990:,
986:,
967:,
939:,
918:,
914:,
910:,
851:,
847:,
830::
716:,
712::
688:,
684::
395:,
1152:.
1122:.
995:)
980:(
708:(
680:(
665:e
658:t
651:v
600:)
596:(
403:)
391:(
20:)
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