398:
160:
25:
1021:
756:
propaganda, as they claimed that the threat was an external one, and thus a direct threat to
Jordanian independence. The British evacuation would begin on the 20th of October, and end by the 2nd of November. British forces were given permission to overfly Syria, and jets orered by Jordan were allowed
295:
in the city, where he was attacked with acid on the streets in the aftermath. Members of the 'Tahrir' (liberation) party were arrested in
December, and multiple bomb attacks (one targetting the governor of Amman, Saad Jum'a, and another targetting US oil prospect missions in Jordan) occured the same
369:. The smaller one planned for February involved the subversion of the national guard by the 'free officers', while the much more important operation (the Crisis of 1958) was planned for July. This information was granted to the Hashemite authorities by the
584:
from any retaliatory attacks, did they agree to the operation. British forces landed practically unopposed, as the efforts of the
Jordanian Security Forces and fears of Israeli intervention kept opponents of the
462:
would make many attempts to halt the coup d'etat, and attempted to assert control of the Iraqi army (under which he was permitted to according to the Arab
Federation agreement), to no avail. The Iraqi brigade in
122:
which occurred during the spring and summer of that year. It had happened in the background of several other revolutions during that year, and was organized by opposition forces supported by
511:
summoned the
British chargé d'affaires (Heath Mason) and his American counterpart (Thomas Wright) to discuss an 'emergency', where they were informed of the planned coup's date.
698:
and his close family, and evacuate them from Jordan, and secure the airbase until all
British forces were evacuated. British forces, although not meant to use force to restore
504:
were widespread in both the
British and Jordanian governments. Britain would ask Israel for permission to use Israeli airspace for 'Operation Fortitude', their plan in Jordan.
694:, with two bombings on the 29th of July and the 3rd of August, fears of a takeover would rise once more. British plans for an all-out uprising would be to secure the
568:
The operation would begin on the morning of the 17th of July, as
British planes entered Israeli airspace before being cleared for use. This would lead to Israeli
679:. British forces were present with an uneasy calm in Jordan, as two bombings occured organised by collaborators of the Syrian Deuxieme Bureau, leading to
1081:
308:
for using such items with the 'intent to kill or cause damage'. However, the opposition remained undeterred, as further arrests continued in
January.
134:, and the attempted coup was planned to occur over a similar timespan. The coup date was set for the 17th of July. The coup attempt follows another
928:
820:
213:
135:
768:
After the conflict, Hussein would move to solidify
Western relations, as the primary benefactor of Jordan definitively shifted from the
300:
to attempt to intimidate his opposition by passing harsh laws, such as 15 years imprisonment for the posession or selling/purchasing of
287:, one of the hotspots for Anti-Hashemite activity, where his welcome was 'not entirely spontaneous'. Mere days later, a member of the
1062:
477:, and ordered the army to supress hostile demonstrations ruthlessly, and to guard foreign consulates and embassies across the state.
229:
376:
Using the information, a cadet would be arrested and interrogated upon which he would reveal that he had been hired to assasinate
93:
35:
488:
reached London, British contingency plans were activated, however, a fear remained that the situation would be a repeat of the
458:
would send the 20th Brigade over. However, en route to Jordan, the brigade would turn around and overthrow the Iraqi monarchy.
65:
1101:
997:
467:
retreated to Iraq upon hearing of the coup d'etat to join them, and the Iraqi army almost entirely defected to the coupists.
952:
72:
454:
would ironnically occur as a direct result of Hussein's fears. He requested military support from Iraq, and the Iraqi PM
415:
279:
opponents kept operating supported by Egypt and the Syrian Deuxieme bureau. For instance, on the 12th of December, 1957,
177:
228:
was deposed, and the state was placed under martial law. With the abrogation of the 1948 Anglo-Jordanian treaty and the
1086:
334:
criticised the 'collaborators of imeperialism' in Amman and Baghdad as trying to 'appease their imperialist masters'.
437:
199:
79:
953:"The Middle East in 1958: Reimagining A Revolutionary Year | Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs"
752:
On the 1st of October, British forces were announced to be leaving Jordan, replaced by a UN mission. This aided
350:. Both states actively blocked the other's radio broadcasts in an attempt to censor the other's propaganda. The
668:
419:
343:
181:
61:
50:
1055:
225:
765:
would be abolished (which had been in effect since April 1957), definitively marking the end of the crisis.
473:
took multiple measures to prevent the coup d'etat expanding into Jordan. He assumed direct control of the
542:
370:
1091:
1028:
319:
formation between Jordan and Iraq. On the 1st of February, Hashemite fears would be realised, as the
757:
to overfly Syria in a statement to cement the end of the crisis, and peaceful relations between the
1048:
545:, this was outright refused. The plan's aims were for British forces to overfly Israel and land in
315:
were underway, which Hussein viewed as a direct threat. These fears would be the catalyst for the
1096:
408:
248:
still retained influence. Under the same doctrine, a 'division of labour' was agreed upon by the
170:
86:
569:
1036:
384:. Subsequently, Iraqi authorities would be notified of the plot and pledged to take action.
46:
758:
723:
601:
359:
339:
320:
312:
143:
8:
805:
534:
261:
237:
139:
810:
451:
331:
305:
131:
993:
910:
746:
745:. However, they informed the Americans that they would have no other option were the
699:
695:
680:
672:
656:
597:
573:
512:
508:
470:
459:
377:
301:
297:
280:
276:
119:
703:
485:
985:
481:
had minor strikes, but these were easily suppressed after a blockade of the city.
130:. The attempted coup attempt happened in the background of the same events as the
707:
676:
550:
474:
380:
and his uncle Sharif Nasser in a plot coordinated with a similar assasination of
351:
347:
324:
316:
600:, after the coup attempt, would move to reestablish 'personal contact' with his
1032:
781:
777:
769:
684:
664:
649:
538:
516:
501:
265:
253:
245:
233:
687:
recommended he didn't, to build up British public support for his government.
42:
1075:
914:
789:
773:
706:, were authorised to use agressive force if attacked, to be supported by the
660:
609:
577:
257:
249:
989:
792:
permission before acting, cementing the same conclusion as a result of the
633:
530:
455:
288:
977:
929:"Playing a weak hand well: Jordan's Hashemite kings and the United States"
815:
793:
762:
489:
898:
753:
617:
586:
422: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
366:
355:
292:
269:
241:
184: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
984:, St Antony's Series, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 54–66,
742:
738:
730:
541:
campaigned for the British to intervene directly in Iraq, citing the
497:
381:
397:
159:
24:
605:
216:
was attempted against the hashemite monarchy, again funded by both
982:
Politics, the Military and National Security in Jordan, 1955–1967
637:
613:
785:
734:
719:
711:
645:
625:
621:
581:
558:
557:. Requests were made for British forces to man the border with
493:
478:
464:
335:
284:
715:
691:
641:
629:
562:
554:
546:
221:
217:
127:
123:
1020:
616:
legions of the army, as they were seen as more loyal to the
572:
firing on British planes, forcing some to withdraw back to
519:
was informed of 'Operation Fortitude' in the same meering.
138:
merely a year earlier, and occured simultaneously with the
268:
would back the government of Jordan, and by extension the
537:), British forces would NOT directly intervene. Although
492:, whereby foreign powers force them to leave. Fears that
327:. A propaganda battle insued between the two unions.
507:
On the 16th of July, a day before the planned coup,
236:
decreased, yet relations were unaffected. Under the
16:
1958 attempted overthrow of the Jordanian Government
733:. They informed Britain and France that, even were
612:across the state. He also campaigned to raise new
776:afterwards. The crisis proved the point that the
1073:
529:In this operation (completely seperate from the
338:would respond (via Radio Amman) criticising the
116:1958 Jordan crisis (Arabic: أزمة الأردن في 1958)
729:Israeli intentions were unknown regarding the
690:As a result of the escalating violence on the
275:Tensions continued to simmer in late 1957, as
1056:
780:was unable to act independently, as both the
821:1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt
683:planning to execute the cllaborators before
620:, which they were. A defencive pact between
323:was formed, leading to the formation of the
118:was an attempted coup against the regime of
51:introducing citations to additional sources
976:Tal, Lawrence (2002), Tal, Lawrence (ed.),
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
856:
1063:
1049:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
761:and Jordan. On the 1st of December, 1958,
549:, where they would be sent to protect the
240:, the US became the primary backer of the
722:declined - even though this violates the
438:Learn how and when to remove this message
200:Learn how and when to remove this message
41:Relevant discussion may be found on the
899:"Britain and the Jordan Crisis of 1958"
833:
675:agreed to dismantle the fiction of the
1074:
702:to power in the event of a successful
522:
365:Two plots would be formed against the
565:, and these were rejected outright.
358:would have preferred being a part of
1082:1950s coups d'état and coup attempts
1015:
420:adding citations to reliable sources
391:
182:adding citations to reliable sources
153:
18:
975:
896:
652:, but this never came to fruition.
533:operation, although they share the
13:
14:
1113:
589:quiet, and the coup was aborted.
226:democratically elected government
1019:
396:
158:
34:relies largely or entirely on a
23:
714:(if permission was granted) or
407:needs additional citations for
354:was deeply unpopular, and many
313:a union between Egypt and Syria
169:needs additional citations for
969:
945:
921:
604:, in a programme of visits to
1:
826:
291:gave a speech supporting the
149:
1102:Middle Eastern history stubs
1035:. You can help Knowledge by
741:, they would not invade the
592:
7:
799:
317:Hashemite Arab Federation's
311:In late January, plans for
142:, also orchestrated by the
10:
1118:
1014:
484:After news of the planned
232:, Amman's reliance on the
1087:Attempted coups in Jordan
667:planned to recognise the
387:
304:and explosives, and the
224:. In the aftermath, the
990:10.1057/9780230513921_4
230:arabisation of the army
1031:–related article is a
1029:Middle Eastern history
903:Middle Eastern Studies
897:Tal, Lawrence (1995).
659:was informed that the
655:On the 31st of July,
262:government of Lebanon
957:www.belfercenter.org
747:Jordanian government
669:new Iraqi government
416:improve this article
373:stationed in Amman.
325:Arab Federation (AF)
178:improve this article
136:alleged coup attempt
62:"1958 Jordan crisis"
47:improve this article
806:1958 Lebanon Crisis
524:Operation Fortitude
382:King Faisal of Iraq
238:Eisenhower doctrine
214:alleged coup d'etat
140:1958 Lebanon crisis
811:14 July Revolution
772:pre-crisis to the
580:agreed to protect
570:Anti-air batteries
553:and an airbase in
242:Hashemite monarchy
132:14 July Revolution
1092:Hussein of Jordan
1044:
1043:
999:978-0-230-51392-1
978:"The July Crisis"
737:to collapse into
452:overthrow of Iraq
448:
447:
440:
342:for allowing the
302:automatic weapons
210:
209:
202:
112:
111:
97:
1109:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:
973:
967:
966:
964:
963:
949:
943:
942:
940:
939:
925:
919:
918:
894:
648:was proposed by
496:would seize the
443:
436:
432:
429:
423:
400:
392:
296:month. This led
205:
198:
194:
191:
185:
162:
154:
107:
104:
98:
96:
55:
27:
19:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1013:
1012:
1004:
1002:
1000:
974:
970:
961:
959:
951:
950:
946:
937:
935:
927:
926:
922:
895:
834:
829:
802:
595:
551:Raghadan Palace
527:
517:Samir Al-Rifa'i
475:Arab Federation
444:
433:
427:
424:
413:
401:
390:
260:would back the
206:
195:
189:
186:
175:
163:
152:
108:
102:
99:
56:
54:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1115:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1097:1958 in Jordan
1094:
1089:
1084:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1024:
1011:
1010:
998:
968:
944:
920:
831:
830:
828:
825:
824:
823:
818:
813:
808:
801:
798:
610:military bases
594:
591:
526:
521:
502:East Jerusalem
446:
445:
428:September 2024
404:
402:
395:
389:
386:
360:Nasser's union
256:, whereby the
208:
207:
190:September 2024
166:
164:
157:
151:
148:
110:
109:
103:September 2024
45:. Please help
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1114:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1001:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
972:
958:
954:
948:
934:
930:
924:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
832:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
755:
750:
749:to collapse.
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
727:
726:soverignty).
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
590:
588:
583:
579:
575:
571:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
466:
461:
457:
453:
442:
439:
431:
421:
417:
411:
410:
405:This section
403:
399:
394:
393:
385:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
330:For example,
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
306:death penalty
303:
299:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
204:
201:
193:
183:
179:
173:
172:
167:This section
165:
161:
156:
155:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
106:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64: –
63:
59:
58:Find sources:
52:
48:
44:
38:
37:
36:single source
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1037:expanding it
1026:
1003:, retrieved
981:
971:
960:. Retrieved
956:
947:
936:. Retrieved
932:
923:
909:(1): 39–57.
906:
902:
767:
751:
728:
689:
654:
634:West Germany
596:
576:. After the
567:
543:Baghdad Pact
528:
523:
509:King Hussein
506:
483:
469:
456:Nuri Al-Said
449:
434:
425:
414:Please help
409:verification
406:
378:King Hussein
375:
364:
329:
310:
289:Tuqan family
274:
244:, while the
212:In 1957, an
211:
196:
187:
176:Please help
171:verification
168:
120:King Hussein
115:
113:
100:
90:
83:
76:
69:
57:
33:
816:Suez Crisis
794:Suez Crisis
788:waited for
763:martial law
710:overflying
515:and his PM
490:Suez Crisis
486:coup d'etat
1076:Categories
1005:2024-01-21
962:2024-01-12
938:2024-01-24
827:References
677:Arab Union
671:, whereby
618:Hashemites
587:Hashemites
367:Hashemites
356:Jordanians
346:to occupy
293:Hashemites
270:Hashemites
264:, and the
150:Background
73:newspapers
933:Brookings
915:0026-3206
754:Hashemite
743:West Bank
739:civil war
731:West Bank
650:Al-Rifa'i
593:Aftermath
539:Al-Rifa'i
535:same name
498:West Bank
465:Al-Mafraq
277:Hussein's
43:talk page
800:See also
606:barracks
283:visited
252:and the
700:Hussein
692:capital
685:Britain
681:Hussein
673:Hussein
665:Britain
657:Hussein
638:Lebanon
614:bedouin
598:Hussein
513:Hussein
471:Hussein
460:Hussein
298:Hussein
281:Hussein
87:scholar
996:
913:
786:Israel
735:Jordan
720:Israel
712:Israel
646:Jordan
644:, and
626:Turkey
622:Greece
582:Israel
574:Cyprus
559:Israel
494:Israel
479:Nablus
388:Events
336:Jordan
332:Nasser
285:Nablus
89:
82:
75:
68:
60:
1027:This
724:UAR's
716:Syria
642:Sudan
630:Italy
563:Syria
555:Amman
547:Amman
348:Sinai
222:Syria
218:Egypt
128:Egypt
124:Syria
94:JSTOR
80:books
1033:stub
994:ISBN
911:ISSN
784:and
718:(if
704:coup
696:King
663:and
608:and
602:army
561:and
500:and
450:The
344:UNEF
220:and
126:and
114:The
66:news
986:doi
759:UAR
708:RAF
661:USA
531:WW2
418:by
371:CIA
340:UAR
321:UAR
180:by
144:UAR
49:by
1078::
992:,
980:,
955:.
931:.
907:31
905:.
901:.
835:^
796:.
790:US
782:UK
778:UK
774:US
770:UK
640:,
636:,
632:,
628:,
624:,
578:US
362:.
352:AF
272:.
266:UK
258:US
254:UK
250:US
246:UK
234:UK
146:.
1064:e
1057:t
1050:v
1039:.
988::
965:.
941:.
917:.
441:)
435:(
430:)
426:(
412:.
203:)
197:(
192:)
188:(
174:.
105:)
101:(
91:·
84:·
77:·
70:·
53:.
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
