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failings of the government were the continued uncertainly around canal water disputes causing a rift between the largely still agriculturally dependent economy of
Pakistan's government and citizen farmers as well as the general geopolitical failure to adequately deal with the Indian threat to Pakistani Sovereignty in the disputed region of Jammu and Kashmir. In 1956 the
566:- was politically controversial and proved difficult and costly to enforce. The quick succession of prime ministers as a result of Iskander Mirza's controversial actions fostered the view within the military that the public would support a coup against Pakistan's civil government and allow Ayub Khan to seize control of the country.
600:
prime minister, and acted to assert himself, while Ayub Khan thought Mirza was conspiring against him. It is said that Ayub was alerted of Mirza's plan to have him arrested on his return from Dhaka. It is widely held that Ayub Khan and generals loyal to him forced Mirza to resign. Mirza was later taken to
599:
On
October 27, Iskander Mirza resigned from the presidency, transferring it to Ayub Khan. Both men saw the other as a rival to their respective positions. Mirza believed his own position had become largely redundant after Ayub Khan assumed most executive powers as chief martial law administrator and
533:, automatically became the state's first president. The new constitution was, however, followed by a period of political turmoil in Pakistan which further agitated the populace and factions within the military. In the two-year period between 1956 and 1958, this turmoil saw four prime ministers -
512:
The prelude to Ayub Khan's declaring martial law in
Pakistan was fraught with political tension and sectarian politics in which the political establishment of the new country alienated its citizens through controversial governance and perceived political failings. Among the most controversial
624:
The coup was received positively in
Pakistan as relief from unstable governments and weak political leadership. There was hope that strong central leadership could stabilise the economy and promote modernisation and the restoration of a stable form of democracy. The Ayub Khan regime was also
553:
before its powers were assumed by the president—could dismiss a prime minister and rule by decree until a new government could be formed. Many viewed Mirza's use of this power as a deliberate manipulation of the constitution for his own ends. In particular, Mirza's
496:’s politicians wanted more say in the running of the central government, which increased tension. Iskander Mirza had lost the support of many of the leading politicians and was alarmed at a plan by Suhrawardy to unite the political leadership of
661:, Ayub Khan did not seek to hold the posts of president and army chief simultaneously. He appointed Gen. Muhammad Musa as the new commander-in-chief. Ayub Khan also obtained judicial validation of his move when the
632:
Ayub Khan combined the offices of president and prime minister, becoming both the head of state and government. He created a cabinet of technocrats, diplomats, and military officers. These included Air
Marshal
578:
declared martial law in
Pakistan. He abrogated the constitution of 1956, describing it as "unworkable" and full of "dangerous compromises." He dismissed the government of Sir Feroz Khan Noon, dissolved the
583:
and the provincial legislatures. Mirza also proceeded to outlaw all political parties. He appointed
General Ayub Khan, the Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistani army as the
492:. There were a number of prime ministers between 1956 and 1958 and it reached a stage when General Ayub Khan felt the army should take control to restore stability.
796:
892:
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334:
17:
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Maya Tudor, "The
Promise of Power: The Origins of Democracy in India and Autocracy in Pakistan."(Cambridge University Press, 2013).
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549:-in rapid succession. A precedent existed in Pakistan whereby a Governor-General—in 1956 that office belonged to
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K.B. Sayeed, "The collapse of
Parliamentary Democracy in Pakistan," Middle East Journal, 13.4 (1959), 389–406
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Aqil Shah, "Army and
Democracy: Military Politics in Pakistan" (Harvard University Press, 2014)
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653:, the future prime minister. In contrast, with future Pakistani military rulers such as Gen.
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against him. Therefore he turned to Ayub Khan and the military for help.
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approved a constitution that ended Pakistan's status as an independent
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that took place on 27 October 1958. It resulted in the toppling of
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scheme amalgamating the provinces of Pakistan into two wings -
824:. Frontline - The Hindu, Vol. 24, Issue 23. 2007-11-23.
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1958 imposition of direct military control in Pakistan
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665:validated and legalised his take-over under the "
335:1960 Pakistani presidential confidence referendum
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848:Military control in Pakistan: the parallel state
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721:. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 9–10.
625:supported by foreign governments such as the
438:
616:, where he resided until his death in 1969.
845:
591:, charged with administering the country.
445:
431:
108:
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
608:, before being exiled on November 27 to
529:. Maj. Gen. Iskander Mirza, as the last
43:This article includes a list of general
479:commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Army
14:
870:
893:1950s coups d'Ă©tat and coup attempts
850:. Psychology Press. pp. 66–69.
757:. APH Publishing. pp. 151–153.
587:and nominated him to become the new
345:1965 Pakistani presidential election
29:
797:"Op-ed: Significance of October 27"
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484:On 7 October, Mirza abrogated the
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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515:Constituent Assembly of Pakistan
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828:from the original on 2021-09-18
585:Chief Martial Law Administrator
350:1965 Pakistani general election
340:1962 Pakistani general election
18:1958 Pakistani coup d'Ă©tat
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13:
1:
799:. Daily Times. Archived from
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581:National Assembly of Pakistan
755:Bangladesh: past and present
619:
531:Governor General of Pakistan
527:Islamic Republic of Pakistan
459:1958 Pakistani military coup
95:1958 Pakistani military coup
7:
719:Encyclopaedia of Bangladesh
717:Nagendra Kr. Singh (2003).
688:
392:1969 East Pakistan uprising
117:, the architect of the coup
10:
919:
898:Anti-communism in Pakistan
888:Military coups in Pakistan
589:Prime Minister of Pakistan
102:Military coups in Pakistan
753:Salahuddin Ahmed (2004).
663:Supreme Court of Pakistan
543:Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar
539:Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
463:military coup in Pakistan
387:Afghan Confederation plan
294:1958 military coup d'Ă©tat
210:
179:
121:
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795:Dr. Hasan-Askari Rizvi.
574:On October 7, President
486:Constitution of Pakistan
405:Convention Muslim League
259:This article is part of
421:: Picture, Sound, Video
376:1965 Indo-Pakistani War
154:Overthrow and exile of
64:more precise citations.
399:Political Affiliations
211:Commanders and leaders
193:Government of Pakistan
883:1958 in East Pakistan
667:Doctrine of necessity
551:Malik Ghulam Muhammad
535:Chaudhry Muhammad Ali
471:president of Pakistan
358:President of Pakistan
846:Mazhar Aziz (2007).
382:Tashkent Declaration
651:Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
167:Presidential system
822:"Coups and courts"
639:Md. Hafizur Rahman
475:Muhammad Ayub Khan
467:Iskandar Ali Mirza
236:Muhammad Ayub Khan
224:Iskandar Ali Mirza
156:Iskandar Ali Mirza
115:Muhammad Ayub Khan
903:Conflicts in 1958
857:978-0-415-43743-1
764:978-81-7648-469-5
728:978-81-261-1390-3
455:
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365:1962 Constitution
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16:(Redirected from
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659:Pervez Musharraf
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673:Further reading
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547:Feroz Khan Noon
525:, to create an
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508:Pre-coup crisis
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370:Bajaur Campaign
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312:Basic democracy
306:Political views
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289:Military career
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56:Please help to
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461:was the first
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803:on 2014-10-19
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494:East Pakistan
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830:. Retrieved
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180:Belligerents
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100:Part of the
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635:Asghar Khan
606:Baluchistan
570:Martial law
490:martial law
161:Martial law
70:August 2014
62:introducing
872:Categories
832:2010-09-17
807:2018-04-15
701:References
695:Dosso case
655:Zia-ul-Haq
643:A. K. Khan
322:Secularism
317:Militarism
284:Early life
169:is imposed
45:references
657:and Gen.
620:Aftermath
329:Elections
268:Ayub Khan
826:Archived
689:See also
556:One Unit
545:and Sir
519:Dominion
163:declared
139:Pakistan
134:Location
614:England
521:of the
419:Gallery
58:improve
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610:London
602:Quetta
502:Punjab
498:Bengal
477:, the
469:, the
146:Result
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473:, by
299:Death
852:ISBN
759:ISBN
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649:and
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