2990:) instead of drs. These titles as equivalent to an LL.M (the title mr.) and to a MSc (the title ir.) and if gotten before 1 September 2002, from a recognized Dutch university, may be rendered as M (from Master) behind one's name, instead of using the typical Dutch honorifics before one's name. Since 1 September 2002, Dutch universities offer specific BSc, BA or LLB studies followed by MSc, MA or LLM studies, thus integrating into the international scientific community, offering lectures, other classes, seminars or complete curricula in English instead of Dutch. According to their field of study, MSc graduates may use either ir. or drs. before their names; MA graduates may use drs. before their name; LLM graduates may use mr. before their names, but only if they received such degrees from recognized Dutch universities. Not uncommonly, the Dutch "drs." abbreviation can cause much confusion in other countries, since it is perceived as a person who has a
4430:(M.S.); either of these programs might be as long as three years in length) and a further two to five years of coursework and research, culminating in "comprehensive" examinations in one or more fields, plus perhaps some teaching experience and then the writing of a dissertation for the doctorate, for a total of ten or more years from starting the bachelor's degree (which is usually begun around age 18) to the awarding of the doctorate. This timetable is only approximate, however, as students in accelerated programs can sometimes earn a bachelor's degree in three years or, on the other hand, a particular dissertation project might take four or more years to complete. In addition, a graduate may wait an indeterminate time between degrees before candidacy in the next level or even an additional degree at a level already completed. Therefore, there is no time limit on the accumulation of academic degrees.
4049:
range of subjects within (and sometimes beyond) the relevant faculty, in which case it may also be called a general degree. If a third year or junior honours subject is included, the ordinary degree in that named discipline is awarded. The honours degree involves two years of study at a sub-honours level in which a range of subjects within the relevant faculty are studied and then two years of study at honours level which is specialised in a single field (for example classics, history, chemistry, biology, etc.). Not all universities in
Scotland adhere to this; in some, one studies in several subjects within a faculty for three years and can then specialise in two areas and attain a joint honours degree in fourth year.
3654:
3630:
3049:, vocational, or professional engineering degree, together with an academic engineering degree. What is not allowed is, after obtaining a doctorate, using dr. drs. Jansen; dr. Jansen should be used instead. A combination of a Dutch title with an international title is not allowed, except for some limited number of international professional titles. Thus, one should choose either one's classical Dutch title or use the shortcut provided by the law following one's name (since 1 September 2002 it is the other way around: those who hold Dutch degrees as MSc, LLM or MA may optionally use the old-style shortcuts before their names).
3686:(ANECA), a government-dependent quality assurance and accreditation provider for the Spanish higher education system that ensures that the data held in the Register of Universities, Centres and Qualifications (RUCT), a national registry for universities and qualifications, is correct and up to date. All study programmes must be accredited by ANECA prior to their inclusion in the RUCT. The RUCT records all officially approved universities and their bachelor's degrees, master's degrees and PhDs and each and every one of the officially approved and accredited study programmes. Universities are assigned a specific number Code (
3852:
3145:. The second part of the title usually consisted of a Latin word corresponding to the profession or training. For example, Cand. Mag. (Candidatus Magisterii) required 4 to 5 years, Cand. Real. (Candidatus Realium) required 6 years of study and a scientific thesis in a select set of scientific disciplines (realia). Over the years these were replaced gradually with degrees that were more and more internationally comparable programs and corresponding titles. For example, the degree Cand. Scient. replaced Cand. Real. in the period 1985 to 2003. These degrees were all retired in 2003 in favour of an international system.
101:
3978:, such as the Doctor of Philosophy degree (PhD or DPhil) or Doctor of Education (EdD or DEd), are awarded following a programme of original research that contributes new knowledge within the context of the student's discipline. Doctoral degrees usually take three years full-time. Therefore, in the UK it may only take seven years to progress from undergraduate to earning a doctorate â in some cases six, since having a master's is not always a precondition for embarking on a doctoral degree. This contrasts with nine years in the United States, reflecting differences in the educational systems.
4792:
contribution to knowledge in the field to which the dissertation topic is related. That contrasts with master's thesis, which, in addition to being usually shorter than doctoral dissertations, are not required to include creation of new knowledge or revision/reinterpretation of older views/theories. The doctoral dissertation is examined in a final oral exam before a panel of at least two members (in the state of SĂŁo Paulo the preferred number is five, while the other regions prefer three members), usually including one or two external examiners from another university or research institute.
4467:" is a graduate-level degree program designed to prepare graduates for professional practice in various fields other than academic scholarship and research. First professional degrees require a minimum of two years of college-level education prior to entering the program and a minimum of six years of total college-level education (including that undertaken prior to entry) to complete the program. Most professional degree programs require a prior bachelor's degree for admission and many require seven or eight years of total study. Many first professional degrees, e.g.
5722:
particular text, it attests to his or her mastery of an entire field (in this case, the law) and permits entry into professional categories: law professor (mudarris) and jurisconsult (mufti).] The main difference between the two is that the granting authority is an individual professor, in the
Islamic case, rather than a corporate institution in the case of the university. Despite this point, Makdisi has likened the ijazat al-ifta' wa'l-tadris to the medieval Latin licentia docendi and suggests that it served as a model for that degree.
2971:
medical specialist. Dutch surgeons commonly are only granted access to surgical training and positions after obtaining a doctorate (PhD) successfully. In recent years, the six-year (nominal time) old Curius curriculum (which offered the titles doctorandus and physician) has been replaced with a three-year (nominal time) Bachelor Curius+ followed by a three-year (nominal time) Master Curius+. Those who had already begun their old-style Curius curriculum before that will still have to complete it as a six-year study (nominal time).
4761:'s or doctor's degrees. Criteria for admission into master's and doctor's programs vary in Brazil. Some universities require that candidates take entrance exams; others make admission decisions based solely on undergraduate transcripts, letters of recommendation and possibly oral interviews. In most cases, however, especially for the doctorate, the candidate is required to submit a research plan, and one faculty member must agree to serve as supervisor before the candidate can be admitted into the program. The exceptions are the
3643:
higher education to individuals who have failed to acquire bachelor's degree qualifications. The main reason for offering these alternative studies, though, is the complex bureaucratic process required to receive the approval of specific titles, in particular when it refers to new studies or studies about matters that do not fit with the official studies. For historical reasons, the academic system has been very much under the control of the state, and private universities are still regarded with as a threat to the state system.
3749:
3129:
legally protected and can only be used by graduates from Dutch institutions of higher education. Illegal use is considered a misdemeanor and is subject to legal prosecution. Holders of foreign degrees, therefore, need special permission before being able to use a recognised Dutch title, but they are free to use their own foreign title (untranslated). In practice, the Public
Department does not prosecute the illegal use of a protected title (the Netherlands applies
3510:("Doctor of Sciences") degree in Russia and some former USSR academic environments. This degree is granted for contributions in a certain field (formally â who established new direction or new field in science). It requires discovery of new phenomenon or development of new theory or essential development of new direction, etc. There is no equivalent of this "doctor of sciences" degree in the US academic system. It is roughly equivalent to
3390:
2771:
894:
12476:
12493:
3501:("Candidate of Sciences"). This degree requires extensive research, taking some classes, publications in peer-reviewed academic journals (not less than 5 publications in Ukraine or 3 publications in Russia), taking 3 or more exams (one or more in their speciality, one in a foreign language and one in the history and philosophy of science) and writing and defending an in-depth thesis (80â200 pages) called a "dissertation".
12431:
12459:
3938:, which may require study and involve an element of research. Degrees such as Master of Philosophy (MPhil) or Master of Letters/Literature (MLitt) are likely to be awarded for postgraduate study involving original research. A student undertaking a master's would normally be expected to already hold a bachelor's degree in a relevant subject, hence the possibility of reaching the master's level in one year.
1659:). In most fields, the system of doctoral degrees is two-tier, the degree of licentiate is an independent academic degree but completing the degree of doctor does not require completion of a licentiate degree. The polytechnics (universities of applied sciences) have the right to award bachelor's and master's degrees; the degree titles are distinct from the titles used for university degrees.
761:, there is a standard list of abbreviations for university names given in the Commonwealth Universities Yearbook. In practice, many variations are used and the Yearbook notes that the abbreviations used may not match those used by the universities concerned. For some British universities it is traditional to use Latin abbreviations, notably 'Oxon' and 'Cantab' for the universities of
2943:(physician). The doctorandus in medicine title is granted after four years (nominal time) of the Curius curriculum, while the title physician is granted after six years (nominal time) of that curriculum. The Dutch physician title is equal to a MSc degree according to the Bologna process and can be compared with the MBBS in the UK degree system and the North American MD, but not the
2722:. People 21 years old, or older, who do not have the required entrance diplomas, may opt for an entrance exam to be admitted to a higher-educational curriculum. In this exam, they have to prove their command of disciplines considered necessary for pursuing such study. After 1 September 2002, they would be thus admitted to a Bachelor's curriculum, not to a Master's curriculum.
4559:
and live longer, healthier lives work in favor of those who argue the continued value of higher degrees. Studies like the 2011 Learning Gains study by Arum and Roksa, on the other hand, reported that only 55% of students had any learning gains during their first two years of college, which favors the argument that investing in higher education may not still be worth it.
2688:. With this structure an attempt was made to standardise all the different studies and to have them conform to similar timetables. An additional effect was that students would be forced to produce results within a preset time-frame or otherwise discontinue their studies. The two-phase structure has been adapted to a bachelor-master structure as a result of the
4211:, which is a prerequisite for access to university-level studies. Although these college programs are typical, they are not offered in every institution in the province. Moreover, while a few other pre-university programs with various concentrations exist, many other technical/career programs are available, depending on the college of choice. For example,
3040:
post-nominal degree 'PhD' can also be used, and these are also legally protected. Stacking of titles, as seen in countries such as
Germany (Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. Gruber), is highly uncommon in the Netherlands and not well received culturally. Those who have multiple doctoral titles may use dr.mult. before their name, but this is seldom seen in practice. The
5672:, pp. XIX: "No other European institution has spread over the entire world in the way in which the traditional form of the European university has done. The degrees awarded by European universities â the bachelor's degree, the licentiate, the master's degree, and the doctorate â have been adopted in the most diverse societies throughout the world."
2320:) or presenting a portfolio of first-author publications on an advanced topic. The exact requirements for satisfying a Habilitation depend on individual universities. The "habil.", as it is abbreviated, to indicate that a habilitation has been awarded after the doctorate, was traditionally the conventional qualification for serving at least as a
5077:(Science Technician). The reason for this diversity is because some schools provide vocational education as part of their high school curriculum (thereby allowing them to hand out "technician" titles), while elsewhere the student is required to decide whether to study science or the humanities for the last two years of secondary school.
2947:, which is a research degree. One-on-one equivalence or interchangeability of the Dutch medical title and MD is often suggested. However, officially the MD title is not known, nor legal to use, in the Netherlands. The correct notation for a Dutch physician who completed his or her medical studies, but did not pursue a doctoral (
215:. The traditional term of study before new teachers were admitted to the guild of "Master of Arts" was seven years. This was the same as the term of apprenticeship for other occupations. Originally the terms "master" and "doctor" were synonymous, but over time the doctorate came to be regarded as a higher qualification than the
3101:), the head of the department. However, this is not a given; it is also possible that a department is headed by a "plain" doctor, based on knowledge, achievement and expertise. The position of "hoogleraar" is the highest possible scientific position at a university and equivalent to the US "full" professor. The Dutch
6934:"MinistÚre de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche, Bulletin officiel spécial 4 du 20 juin 2013, 2. Liste des diplÎmes des établissements d'enseignement supérieur technique privés et consulaires vises par le ministre charge de l'enseignement supérieur et conférant a leurs titulaires le grade de master"
4157:; an honours degree is normally needed for further study at the master's level. Master's degrees take one to three years (in Quebec they normally take one and a half to two years). Doctorates take a minimum of three years. Alone among Canadian provinces and territories, British Columbia offers two-year
4704:
at level 8 (honours). Another referencing exercise, comparing the NZQF to the 10-level Irish
National Framework for Qualifications, found that degrees were comparable but that further work was needed to improve compatibility at the sub-degree levels (1â6). Non-degree qualifications at levels 7â9 were
4545:
Traditionally, more men than women attended and earned degrees at the world's universities. A milestone was reached in the United States, according to the 2010 census, as women surpassed men in attaining master's degrees, for the first time. The U.S. census reports that 10.5 million men have master's
4148:
In Canada, education is the responsibility of the provinces and territories, rather than the federal government. However, all of Canada follows the three-level bachelor's-master's-doctorate system common to the
Anglophone world, with a few variations. A common framework for degrees was agreed between
3985:
UK post-secondary qualifications are defined at different levels, with levels 1â3 denoting further education and levels 4â8 denoting higher education. Within this structure, a foundation degree is at level 5; a bachelor's degree at level 6; a master's degree at level 7; and a doctoral degree at level
3927:
The universities of Oxford and
Cambridge award honorary Master of Arts (MA) degrees to graduates of their bachelor's programmes, following a specified period of time. This is comparable to the practice of the ancient universities in Scotland awarding an MA for a first degree and arguably reflects the
3919:
is a qualification, lower than bachelor's level, awarded following a two-year programme of study that is usually vocational in nature. The foundation degree can be awarded by a university or college of higher education that has been granted foundation-degree-awarding powers by the UK government. This
3907:
Candidates who have not achieved the standard for the award of honours may be admitted without honours to the "ordinary" bachelor's degree if they have met the required standard for this lesser qualification (also referred to as a "pass degree"). Standard levels for each of these classes are 70%+ for
2363:
operates under a
National Framework of Qualifications (NFQ). The school-leaving qualification attained by students is called the Leaving Certificate. It is considered as Level 4â5 in the framework. This qualification is the traditional route of entry into third-level education. There are also Level 5
1110:
Tunisia's educational grading system, ranging from elementary school to Ph.D. programs, operates on a scale of 0 to 20. The minimum score for passing is set at 10 out of 20. This numerical system exclusively evaluates a student's academic accomplishments, serving as the determinant for admission into
5594:
The license to teach law and issue legal opinions is the type of ijazah that resembles the medieval
European university degree most closely The main difference between the two is that the granting authority is an individual professor, in the Islamic case, rather than a corporate institution in the
4558:
Media coverage of the rising costs of higher education and increased student debt have also affected the public's perceptions of whether higher degrees are still worthwhile. Statistics citing that college graduates make around $ 1 million more in their lifetimes than those who did not attend college
3981:
Some doctorates, such as the Doctor of
Clinical Psychology (DClinPsy) qualification, confirm competence to practice in particular professions. There are also higher doctorates â Doctor of Science (DSc) and Doctor of Letters/Literature (DLitt) â that are typically awarded to experienced academics who
3716:
Not all universities offer degrees named exactly the same, even if they have similar academic and professional effects. Each university may present proposals for the study programme considered to meet professional and academic demand. The proposal will consist of a report linking the study programme
3673:
Certain non-officially approved and accredited study programmes may acquire a positive reputation. However, neither professional associations, government agencies, judiciary authorities, nor universities â other than the study programme provider â are obliged to recognize non-official qualifications
2706:(VWO). There are other routes possible, but only if the educational level of the applicant is comparable to that at the end of the standard two levels is access to university education granted. For some studies, specific end levels or disciplines are required, e.g., graduating without having studied
1184:
For students pursuing a master's degree, they must have completed an undergraduate degree and attained at least a second-class honours upper division (60-69%) or lower division plus at least two years of relevant experience. Most master's degree programs take two years to complete. In an engineering
1159:
The South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) has developed a credit-based system for degrees, with different levels of National Qualifications Framework (NQF) ratings corresponding to each degree level. For example, an undergraduate degree in Science is rated at NQF level 6, while an additional
4671:
Like Australia, New Zealand has a 10-level qualifications framework (the New Zealand Qualifications Framework â NZQF) and a referencing exercise has found a one-to-one correspondence between the levels of the two frameworks. However, the names given to qualifications at different levels are not the
4048:
Students can work towards a first degree at either ordinary or honours level. A general or ordinary degree (BA/MA or BSc) takes three years to complete; an honours degree (BA/MA Hons or BSc Hons) takes four years. The ordinary degree need not be in a specific subject, but can involve study across a
3487:
But a Specialist degree can appear equivalent to Magister degree by reason of taking an equivalent amount of time. Usually Specialist or Magister degrees incorporate the bachelor's degrees in them, but only the high-level degree is given on the final diploma. Specialist and Magister degrees require
2449:
and the older, pre-Bologna qualifications and which covers qualifications from university institutions and higher-education institutions for fine arts, music and dance (AFAM institutions). In addition to academic degrees, many professional qualifications are tied to the QTI at the different levels.
879:
basis through the use of an Internet-connected computer, rather than attending college in a traditional campus setting. Improvements in technology, the increasing use of the Internet worldwide, and the need for people to have flexible school schedules that enable them to work while attending school
175:
of 1179 guaranteed the access â now largely free of charge â of all able applicants, who were, however, still tested for aptitude by the ecclesiastic scholastic. This right remained a point of contention between the church authorities and the slowly emancipating universities, but was granted by the
4554:
Students, the media, and the general public have shown much concern over the value of getting a higher degree in the US ever since the Great Recession of 2007. A 2015 survey of 2,000 adults (900 of which were graduates), implemented by the education technology company Greenwood Hall, reported that
3044:
doctors may use dr.h.c. before their name. Combining different Dutch titles, especially in different disciplines, is allowed, however, (e.g. mr. dr. Jansen, dr. mr. Jansen, dr. ir. Jansen, mr. ir. drs. Jansen, mr. ir. Jansen). The use of the combination ir. ing. is frequent, indicating one holds a
3021:
with guest professors from other faculties or universities added. More and more commonâand, in some disciplines, even mandatoryâis that the student write, and have accepted for publication by peer-reviewed journals, original scientific work. The number of publications required is often debated and
2437:
focused on practical and theoretical subjects such as mechanics, aerospace, shipbuilding, electronics, computer science, telecommunications, chemistry, biology, fashion industry, food industry, building technology, law and economics). After gaining the diploma one can enter university and enrol in
1662:
In general, students who are admitted to bachelor studies at a university have the right to continue to studies at master level. At polytechnics, the right to continue to master-level studies has to be applied for separately and there is also a work experience requirement. The majority of master's
1556:
The Czech Republic also has voluntary academic titles called "small doctorates" (e.g. RNDr. for natural sciences, PhDr. for philosophy, JUDr. for law etc.) which are achieved after passing an additional exam. Medical students do not get bachelor's or master's degrees, but instead attend a six year
1268:
The European Higher Education Area (EHEA) was formally established in 2010 and, as of September 2016, has 50 members. The implementation of the various elements of the EHEA varies between countries. Twenty-four countries have fully implemented a national qualifications framework, and a further ten
4783:
Specializations or MBAs are courses that include taking a minimum number of graduate classes (minimum of 360 hours) but with no need to do research nor defend a thesis, only to present final work showing knowledge acquired. It is a professional level where theory and practice are focused broadly.
3700:
It is also possible to track qualifications by using the search facility that several Autonomous Communities' own accreditation agencies offer. These agencies work within the ANECA framework and generally show more detailed information about the study programmes available in each territory (e.g.,
3128:
Unlike some other European countries, such as Germany, Dutch academic titles are used rarely outside academia, hold no value in everyday life, and typically are not listed on official documentation (e.g. passport, drivers license, (governmental) communication). Dutch academic titles, however, are
5721:
The license to teach law and issue legal opinions (ijazat al-ifta' wa 'l-tadris; also ijazat al-tadris wa'lifta' or simply ijazat al-ifta') is the type of ijazah that resembles the medieval European university degree most closely, for, rather than authorizing the recipient to transmit or teach a
4791:
Doctoral degrees normally take four additional years of full-time study to complete. Requirements for obtaining a doctor's degree include taking additional advanced courses, passing an oral qualifying exam, and submitting a longer doctoral dissertation which must represent a significant original
4787:
Professional master's or master's degrees usually take one to two years of full-time study. Requirements for an academic master's degree include taking a minimum number of advanced graduate classes (typically between five and eight) and submitting a research thesis, which is examined orally by a
4729:
Undergraduate students in Brazilian universities graduate either with a bachelor's degree, a licentiate degree or a technologist degree. Bachelor degrees in Brazil normally take four or five years of full-time study to complete, with the exception of the human medicine course, which requires six
4152:
Bachelor's degrees take normally three to four years, more commonly three years in Quebec (where they follow on from college courses rather than directly from secondary education). Outside Quebec, three-year bachelor's degrees are normally ordinary degrees, while four-year bachelor's degrees are
3642:
Not all EHEA-compliant study programmes in Spain are officially approved or accredited by government agencies. Some universities offer proprietary study programmes as alternatives for a variety of reasons: serving the continuing education market for individual self-advancement and also providing
2970:
degree does not give a medical student the right to treat patients; for this a minimum of two years of additional study (internship) is required. After obtaining a Medical Board registration, Dutch physicians must work an additional two to six years in a field of expertise to become a registered
824:
in Australia. In this case, the convention is to include a country abbreviation with the university's name. For example, 'York (Can.)' and 'York (UK)' or 'Newc (UK)' and 'Newc (Aus.) are commonly used to denote degrees conferred by these universities where the potential for confusion exists, and
280:
Doctor (M.D., D.M.)) reflected the historical separation of all higher University study into these three fields. Over time, the D.D. has gradually become less common outside theology and is now mostly used for honorary degrees, with the title "Doctor of Theology" being used more often for earned
4101:
In most respects, the criteria for awarding qualifications at honours level and above are the same as in the rest of the UK (see above under England, Wales and Northern Ireland). Postgraduate qualifications are not designated Master of Arts, as in the rest of the UK, as this is an undergraduate
3039:
After obtaining a doctorate, Dutch doctors may bear either the title dr. (lower case) before, or the letter D following, their name, but not both simultaneously. There is no notation signifying the specific discipline in which the doctorate is obtained. As of 1 January 2021, the title 'PhD' and
3030:
All current Dutch academic programs are offered under the Anglo-Saxon bachelor/master structure. It takes three years to earn a bachelor's degree and another one or two years to earn a master's degree. There are three official academic bachelor titles (BA, BSc and LLB) and three official master
2281:
are issued with various designations, depending on the faculty: e.g., Doktor der Naturwissenschaften (Doctor of Natural Science); Doktor der Rechtswissenschaften (Doctor of Law); Doktor der Medizin (Doctor of Medicine); Doktor der Philosophie (Doctor of Philosophy), to name just a few. Multiple
1196:
To pursue a doctor of philosophy degree, students must have completed a relevant master's degree. They are required to carry out a supervised scientific study for a minimum of three years and publish at least two scientific first-author papers in peer-reviewed journals relevant to their area of
3696:
ANECA makes recommendations regarding procedures, staffing levels, quality of teaching, resources available to students and continuity or loss of accreditation. The ANECA Registry records all events in the life of an officially approved and accredited study programme or a university. The ANECA
5552:
In the 1930s, the renowned Orientalist Alfred Guillaume noted strong resemblances between Muslim and Western Christian institutions of higher learning. An example he cited is the ijazah, which he recognized as being akin to the medieval licentia docendi, the precursor of the modern university
5160:"are usually composed of three principal ecclesiastical faculties: theology, philosophy, and canon law, as well as at least one other faculty. A pontifical university specifically addresses Christian revelation and disciplines correlative to the evangelical mission of the Church as set out in
1600:
Various medium-length (2â4 years) professional degrees have been adopted, so they now have status as professional bachelor's degrees of varying length. As opposed to academic bachelor's degrees, they are considered to be "applied" degrees. A professional bachelor's degree is 180, 210, or 240
1007:
system for the classification of degrees, however, Pakistan has recently switched to the US model of a two-year associate degree and a four-year bachelor's degree program. The arts, referring to the performing arts and literature, may confer a Bachelor of Arts (BA) and a Master of Arts (MA).
4342:
but issued by a university). These courses last 4â12 months and are a means to further study without continuing to the next degree level, and are usually to demonstrate that students are staying up-to-date in their fields. Most students stay at this level, but some choose to continue to the
2215:
have to pass in order to be eligible to work in their profession. Students usually study at university for three to six years, depending on the field, before they take the first Staatsexamen. While this is normally at the master's level, a few courses (e.g. primary and lower secondary level
1666:
The degrees awarded by the universities and polytechnics are at par by law, but the content and orientation of studies is different. A master's degree obtained at a polytechnic gives the same academic right to continue studies at doctoral level as a master's degree obtained at a university.
2286:
are often listed, and even used in forms of address, in German-speaking countries. A Diplom, Magister, Master's or Staatsexamen student can proceed to a doctorate. Well-qualified bachelor's graduates can also enrol directly into PhD programs after a procedure to determine their aptitude is
3953:
for mathematics and so on; it usually takes four years to read for them. Graduation to these degrees is always with honours. Master of Engineering in particular has now become the standard first degree in engineering at the top UK universities, replacing the older Bachelor of Engineering.
4610:(level 10), which normally takes 3â4 years following on from a master's degree or a Class I or IIa honours qualification. Also included within the higher education system are: diplomas at level 5 (first year of a degree course); advanced diplomas, at level 6 (associate degree level); and
3650:, and they confer no academic or professional rights. This means that they do not entitle the bearer to claim to have any specific academic or professional qualifications, as far as the Spanish authorities are concerned. However, there may be private agreements to recognize the titles.
1347:
The two-cycle degree system was phased out by 2010, with a few exceptions. However, some of the established degree naming has been preserved, allowing universities to award the "Diplom-Ingenieur" (and for a while also the "Magister") to graduates of the new-style Master programmes.
249:, they were equivalent terms. The use of them in the degree name was a matter of custom at a university. Most universities conferred the Master of Arts, although the highest degree was often termed Master of Theology/Divinity or Doctor of Theology/Divinity, depending on the place.
1177:, are required to join programs that are accredited by the Engineers Board of Kenya and the Commission for University Education. The B.Sc. degree in engineering typically takes five years to complete. A degree in medicine or surgery may take six to seven years, while a degree in
1643:, many of whom refer to themselves as universities of applied sciences (UAS). With the exception of a few fields, such as medicine and dentistry, the Finnish system of higher education degrees is in compliance with the Bologna process. Universities award bachelor's degrees (
1168:
In Kenya, the first undergraduate degree is pursued after students have completed four years of secondary school education and attained at least a C+ (55-59%) on the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE). Students pursuing a degree in engineering, such as B.Sc.
3125:. Retired professors are an exception and may continue to note the title in front of their name, or use the title emeritus professor (em. prof.). People who switch to a non-university job lose their professorial title and are only allowed to use the "dr." abbreviation.
2324:(e.g. "PD Dr. habil.") (senior lecturer) in an academic professorship. Some German universities no longer require the Habilitation, although preference may still be given to applicants who have this credential in securing academic posts in the more traditional fields.
1123:
In South Africa, grades (also known as "marks") are presented as a percentage, with anything below 50% considered a failure. Students who receive a failing grade may have the opportunity to rewrite the exam, depending on the criteria established by their institution.
1200:
Currently, Kenya is implementing a Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) that follows a 2-6-3-3 education system to replace the existing 8-4-4 system which allows confirmation of undergraduate degrees upon successful completion. The CBC system was introduced in 2017.
2224:, for two years, before they are able to take the second Staatsexamen, which tests their practical abilities in their jobs. At some institutions pharmacists and jurists can choose whether to be awarded the first Staatsexamen or a master's degree (or formerly the
1576:
Bachelor's degrees, master's degrees and small doctorates in the form of letters (Bc., Mgr., Ing., ...) are listed before the person's name, and Doctor's degrees (Ph.D.) are listed after name (e.g. MUDr. Jan NovĂĄk, Ph.D.). The Czech Republic previously had more
1008:
Management degrees are also classified under 'arts' but are nowadays considered a separate stream, with degrees of Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) and Master of Business Administration (MBA). Science refers to the basic sciences and natural science (
2056:
credits, allowing progression from these to academic qualifications. Nonetheless, there are diplomas in France with no degree recognition, e.g. specific diplomas designed by various institutions with no recognition from the Ministry of Education, such as the
2010:("university degree"). The former, which are considered to have a higher status, are controlled by the state and issued by universities on behalf of the responsible ministry; the latter are controlled and granted by the universities themselves. Additionally,
4746:. Contrary to what happens in the United States, candidates must declare their intended university major when they register for the Vestibular. Although it is theoretically possible to switch majors afterwards (in a process known within the universities as
4788:
panel of at least two examiners (three is the preferred number), sometimes including one member from another university or research institute. The emphasis of the thesis must be in adding some value to knowledge, but not necessarily in being original.
3838:(MAS) or Executive Master of Business Administration (EMBA) degrees. Universities may also offer the possibility to gain a diploma in advanced studies (DAS, less than 60 ECTS credits). These degrees do not normally give access to a doctoral programme.
7665:
4238:), without having to meet the usual grade and course prerequisites required from students holding a pre-university science diploma. A similar option is offered for college nursing graduates as they can pursue their studies in university to obtain a
4536:
In 21 US jurisdictions, religious institutions can be authorized to grant religious-exempt (rel. exmpt., rel. expt., etc.) degrees without accreditation or government oversight. Such degrees are used primarily to attain church-related employment.
2729:
is in place (although under political review for abolishment, as of February 2011). This limits the number of applicants to a specific course of study, thus trying to control the number of future graduates. The disciplines most renowned for their
1224:
4068:
add an optional final year of secondary education, bringing students up to the level of their A-Level counterparts â students with strong A-Levels or Advanced Highers may be offered entry directly into the second year at Scottish universities.
2259:). Some universities were initially resistant to this change, considering it a displacement of a venerable tradition for the pure sake of globalization. However, universities had to fulfill the new standard by the end of 2007. Enrollment into
3626:. These qualifications comply with the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) framework. Officially approved and accredited university study programmes by law must implement this framework in order to attain and retain accreditation in Spain.
725:
in the names of businesses. This approach is followed, for example, by Australia, the United Kingdom and Israel. The use of fake degrees by individuals, either obtained from a bogus institution or simply invented, is often covered by
8315:
9272:
The direct competence of the Holy See applies only to the Ecclesiastical Faculties of Theology, Philosophy and Canon Law. The other sciences and arts degrees are under the competence of the Department of Education of the Philippine
4657:) or higher doctorates (also normally titled to refer to the field of practice). Extended master's degrees are also allowed to have the word 'doctor' in their title if they are in certain fields, but they are not doctoral degrees.
3866:
An academic degree is protected under UK law. All valid UK degrees are awarded by universities or other degree-awarding bodies whose powers to do so are recognised by the UK government; hence they are known as "recognised bodies".
2364:
qualifications in certain vocational subjects (e.g. Level 5 Certificate in Restaurant Operations) awarded by the Further Education and Training Awards Council (FETAC). Advanced Certificates at Level 6 are also awarded by FETAC.
3013:) to eventually obtain a doctorate and subsequently the title "doctor". Promotion studies are ideally structured according to a preset time schedule of 4 to 6 years, during which the student has to be mentored by at least one
3661:
Universities offering non-official study programmes are legally bound to clearly differentiate between officially-approved and non-officially-approved qualifications. Non-accredited master's degrees will be described as just
7686:
Article 7.23, paragraph 3 of the Dutch Higher Education and Scientific Research Act provides the Informatie Beheer Groep (now called DUO, i.e. the Service for Implementing the Education) with the possibility to grant such a
4738:
courses exist mostly in mathematics, humanities and natural sciences. The technologist degree is available in technology-related fields and can be normally obtained in three years. These degrees are for entry into industry.
2295:
has to be viewed differently; medical students usually write their doctoral theses right after they have completed studies, without any previously conducted scientific research, just as students in other disciplines write a
8890:. Accessed 26 May 2008. (report by the German Federal Ministry of Education analyzing the Chronicle of Higher Education from the U.S. and stating that the J.D. is a professional doctorate); EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica. (2002).
7557:
4841:
In Colombia, the system of academic degrees is based in the British model, similar to the U.S. model. After completing their "bachillerato" (high school), students can take one of three options. The first one is called a
2251:. The main reasons for this change are to make degrees internationally comparable and to introduce degrees to the German system that take less time to complete (German students typically took five years or more to earn a
749:
Depending on the culture and the purpose of the listing, only the highest degree, a selection of degrees, or all degrees might be listed. The awarding institution may be shown and it might be specified if a degree was at
4382:
In the United States, since the late 19th century, the threefold degree system of bachelor's, master's, and doctorate has been in place but has evolved into a slightly different pattern from the European equivalent. The
3586:
In Spain, accreditation of official university study programmes is regulated by law and monitored by governmental agencies responsible for verifying their quality and suitability for official approval and accreditation.
1111:
advanced programs. For instance, a student's grades obtained for their bachelor's degree are considered when they apply for a Master's program. Level 4 courses, which include the first year of a Bachelor's program or a
746:, a choice of either, or not indicated at all. In countries influenced by the UK, post-nominal letters are the norm, with only doctorates granting a title, while titles are the norm in many northern European countries.
4242:
in two years (rather than the usual three or four years, depending on whether the student has completed a college diploma in Quebec). Additionally, whereas aspiring medical students are usually required to complete an
4204:
prior to entering university. Upon completion of a two-year pre-university program, such as in sciences or humanities, or a three-year technical program, such as nursing or computer science, college graduates obtain a
4951:
is the denomination given to a professional title. Some professional titles are required for occupations such as physicians, attorneys and as civil/commercial engineers. A professional title may or may not require a
1127:
Degrees in almost any field of study can be pursued at one of the institutions in the country, with certain institutions being known for excelling in specific fields. Major fields of study across the country include
10558:
4374:. Doctoral study typically lasts 3â4 years. In recent years this schemes has become flexible such that in some PhD programmes, students are accepted before, or not completing, the course of study for a master's.
7315:
2315:
is a higher academic qualificationâin Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Czech Republicâthat grants a further teaching and research endorsement after a doctorate. It is earned by writing a second thesis (the
6870:"ArrĂȘtĂ© du 23-8-2010, attribution du grade aux titulaires du diplĂŽme national supĂ©rieur d'expression plastique dĂ©livrĂ© par les Ă©tablissements d'enseignement supĂ©rieur d'arts plastiques (formulation L. 75-10-1)"
5917:
3729:
All bachelor's and master's degrees accredited by ANECA bestow full academic and professional rights in accordance with new and previous laws. Professional-practice law in Spain is currently under revision.
5681:
Norman Daniel: Review of "The Rise of Colleges. Institutions of Learning in Islam and the West by George Makdisi", Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 104, No. 3 (Jul. â Sep. 1984), pp. 586â588
1638:
Historically, the Finnish higher education system is derived from the German system. The current system of higher education comprises two types of higher education institutions, the universities and the
874:
An online degree is an academic degree (usually a college degree, but sometimes the term includes high school diplomas and non-degree certificate programs) that can be earned primarily or entirely on a
8866:. Accessed 26 May 2008. (under "other references" discusses differences between academic and professional doctorate and statement that the J.D. is a professional doctorate); University of Utah (2006).
3141:
Prior to 1980, there were around 50 different degrees and corresponding educational programs within the Norwegian higher education system. Degrees had titles that included the gender based Latin term
2438:
any curriculum (e.g. physics, medicine, chemistry, engineering, architecture): all high school diplomas allow access to any university curriculum, although most universities have pre-admission tests.
1545:, depending on whether the doctoral student has teaching responsibilities in addition to conducting research or not (typically 6 years for teaching assistants and 4 years for research-only mandates).
6086:
565:
were known as "doctors". As a study in the arts or grammar was a necessary prerequisite to study in subjects such as theology, medicine and law, the degree of doctor assumed a higher status than the
3465:
educational degrees are awarded after finishing a college education. There are several levels of education that one must choose in the 2nd and 3rd year of college, usually in the 3rd year of study.
707:
In many countries, gaining an academic degree entitles the holder to assume distinctive academic dress particular to the awarding institution, identifying the status of the individual wearing them.
2896:
Completing the first phase successfully gives the student access to the second phase. Again, failure to finish within the time given will lead to discontinuation. This phase is concluded with the "
1400:
8229:
10283:
7525:
2287:
administered by the admitting university. The doctoral degreeâsuch as Dr. rer. nat., Dr. phil. and othersâis the highest academic degree in Germany and is generally a research degree. The degree
5092:(licentiate) after completing a five-year program. The ingeniero degree requires more physics than the licenciado degree, but both take five years. Some higher-education institutions may award
1467:
3941:
Some universities award a master's as a first degree following an integrated programme of study (an 'integrated master's degree'). These degrees are usually designated by the subject, such as
357:
and issue legal opinions, is most similar to the medieval European university degree in that it permits entry into certain professions. A key difference was that the granting authority of the
8323:
5595:
case of the university. Despite this point, Makdisi has likened the ijazat al-ifta' wa'l-tadris to the medieval Latin licentia docendi and suggests that it served as a model for that degree.
1030:, and include Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (B.Sc.IT.) and Master of Science in Information Technology (M.Sc.IT.). The engineering degree in India follows two nomenclatures,
3184:, which is still in use for new graduates who can choose to also use the old title). All pre-2001 doctoral degree titles were replaced with the title "Philosophical Doctor degree", written
9039:
9829:
6989:"ArrĂȘtĂ© du 26 juin 2012, attribution du grade aux titulaires du diplĂŽme d'ingĂ©nierie des systĂšmes Ă©lectroniques de la sĂ©curitĂ© aĂ©rienne dĂ©livrĂ© par l'Ăcole nationale de l'aviation civile"
4456:
that takes two full years of study. These may be in professional or academic fields, and the most common awards are the Associate of Arts (A.A.) and Associate of Science (A.S.) degrees.
721:
In many countries, degrees may only be awarded by institutions authorised to do so by the national or regional government. Frequently, governments will also regulate the use of the word
10123:
4604:(level 9), which normally takes 1â2 years for "research" or "coursework" degrees and 3â4 years for an "extended" degree and follows on from either a bachelor or honours degree; and the
1946:
1820:
2029:
in France, the degree-granting system is being simplified: schools continue to grant their own diplomas, but the state's recognition in degree awarding is more important than before.
4902:, equivalent to a graduate certificate degree, after their bachelor's degree. These programs, like in the U.S., are very popular, because it requires only one to two years of study.
3450:
Since 1992, Russian higher education has introduced a multilevel system, enabling higher education institutions to award and issue Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees.
10275:
10334:
10330:
5292:
1553:
The Czech Republic has implemented the Bologna process, and functionally has three degrees: Bachelor (3 years), Master (2 years after Bachelor) and Doctor (4 years after Master).
10131:
8258:
4750:), that is actually quite rare in Brazil. Undergraduate curricula tend to be more rigid than in the United States and there is little room to take classes outside one's major.
4307:), such as economics, business administration, sciences, law, engineering or medicine, for 8â10 semesters of full-time study, which typically takes 4â5 years. They study for a
1115:(HNC), may allow students to enter directly into the second year of a Bachelor's program, provided that the course they completed is the same as the one they are applying for.
12293:
10402:
8977:
1452:
524:
and earn first a bachelor's and then master's or doctor's degree in these subjects. Thus, a degree was only a step on the way to becoming a fully qualified master â hence the
4555:
more than half of the graduates surveyed believe those getting their degree now will be receiving a lower return on their investment than their counterparts 10â15 years ago.
650:
In the past, degrees have been directly issued by the authority of the monarch or by a bishop, rather than any educational institution. This practice has mostly died out. In
9901:
4441:(Ed.D.) made up 1.1% (not including Ed.D.s classified as professional degrees rather than research doctorates) and all other research doctorates were less than 1% in total.
2955:) and not "dr." in medicine, which is often used incorrectly. However, like in the United Kingdom, physicians holding these degrees are referred to as 'Doctor' by courtesy.
7643:
4742:
Admission as an undergraduate student to most top public or private universities in Brazil requires that the applicant pass a competitive entrance examination known as the
2216:
teaching), which have a standard study period of three years, are assigned to the bachelor's level. After the first Staatsexamen, teachers and lawyers go through a form of
10574:
10167:
10095:
9909:
9825:
7499:
3982:
have demonstrated a high level of achievement in their academic career; for example, they may have published widely on their subject or become professors in their fields.
8286:
4064:. The Higher is a one-year qualification, as opposed to the two years of A-Levels, which accounts for Scottish honours degrees being a year longer than those in England.
2915:", ir. ("ingenieur" â engineer) or "mr." ("Meester in de rechten" â master of law). Nowadays these Dutch titles have been largely replaced by the Anglo Saxon titles MSc (
10243:
7322:
3488:
taking final state exams and producing written work on practical application of studied skills or research thesis (usually 70â100 pages) and is roughly equivalent to a
3022:
varies considerably between the various disciplines. However, in all disciplines the student is obligated to produce and publish a dissertation or thesis in book form.
2620:
is a university certificate, aimed at professional training or in specific fields of study, which usually takes one year; it is not allocated a level in the framework.
10504:
10338:
8067:
4854:(technician); this degree consists of two and a half years of study and prepares the student for technical or mechanical labors. Finally, the third option is called a
3072:
1277:
are used for all higher education programmes, and 31 countries have fully implemented diploma supplements. Only 11 countries have included all the major points of the
1082:
Indonesia follows the colonial Dutch system for the classification of degrees. However, Indonesia has been dropping the Dutch titles and develop its own distinctions.
6963:"ArrĂȘtĂ© du 26 juin 2012, attribution du grade aux titulaires du diplĂŽme de management et contrĂŽle du trafic aĂ©rien dĂ©livrĂ© par l'Ăcole nationale de l'aviation civile"
5925:
3017:. The promotion study has to be concluded with at least a scientific thesis, which has to be defended to "a gathering of his/her peers", in practice the board of the
2087:(third level). All licence degrees take 3 years (180 ECTS credits) and all master's degrees take 2 years (120 ECTS credits). There are also 5-year (300 ECTS credits)
10159:
9182:
4848:(professional career), which is similar to a bachelor's degree requiring from four to 6 years of study according to the chosen program. The other option is called a
3196:
is a substantially higher degree than the PhD and is reserved for those who qualify for such a degree without participating in an organized doctoral degree program.
7836:
7716:
1758:
9286:
9226:
9104:
3878:
conferred with honours. Usually this is a Bachelor of Arts (BA) or a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree. Other variants exist: for example, Bachelor of Education or
3690:) by the RUCT. The same study programme may acquire different codes as it progresses through various stages of official approval by local and central governments.
3683:
2734:
are medicine and dentistry. Every year a combination of the highest pre-university graduation grades and some additional conditions determine who can start such a
6818:"ArrĂȘtĂ© du 23-8-2010, attribution du grade aux titulaires du diplĂŽme national supĂ©rieur d'arts plastiques dĂ©livrĂ© par l'Ăcole nationale supĂ©rieure des beaux-arts"
5156:
In distinction to secular or Catholic universities, which are academic institutions for the study and teaching of a broad range of disciplines, ecclesiastical or
10476:
8344:
4618:, both of which are at level 8 (honours degree level). In Australia, most degrees are issued ungraded, with bachelor's degrees with honours being the exception.
3717:
being considered and the proposed qualification to be awarded. This report will be assessed by ANECA and sent for the Consejo de Universidades Españolas. If the
2018:("recognised degree") and then, after five years of recognition, have their degrees validated by the state, the validation having to be renewed every six years.
512:, "master" (typically indicating a teacher), entitling one to teach these subjects. Masters of Arts were eligible to enter study under the "higher faculties" of
3693:
Prospective students should check the RUCT Code awarded to the study programme of their interest at every stage of their enquiries concerning degrees in Spain.
3009:
After successfully obtaining a "drs.", "ir." or "mr." degree, a student has the opportunity to follow a further, promotional course of study (informally called
10512:
9132:
8374:
7941:
2867:
Before the introduction of the bachelor-master structure, almost all academic studies in the Netherlands had the same length of four years and had two phases:
5626:
It remains the case that no equivalent of the bachelor's degree, the licentia docendi, or higher degrees ever emerged in the medieval or early modern Islamic
4094:
Students who complete all the requirements for an honours degree, but who do not receive sufficient merit to be awarded third-class honours, may be awarded a
1811:
3057:
1515:
6099:
4964:(attorney) professional title is granted by the Chilean Supreme Court and requires an examination, academic degree and 6 months of pro-bono work experience.
10492:
8615:
5096:(diploma), but the time necessary to obtain one varies. Medical doctors are awarded the title "MĂ©dico Cirujano" after completing a 6-year course of study.
5065:(Certificate of Basic Education), awarded upon completing the 9th grade. The next degree is earned upon completing the 11th grade and confers the title of
2674:
1292:(EQF). This is an eight-level framework designed to allow cross-referencing of the various national qualifications frameworks. While it is not specific to
769:
respectively, in spite of these having been superseded by English 'Oxf' and 'Camb' in official university usage, particularly in order to distinguish the
689:, many educational institutions other than universities have been granted degree-awarding powers, including higher education colleges and colleges of the
10279:
10247:
8237:
2372:
7529:
9493:
9455:
9418:
9381:
4600:(level 8), which normally takes 1 year after the bachelor's degree and is mostly taken as an optional extension year, depending on the discipline; the
3537:
2897:
1357:
4705:
not included in the study. In New Zealand, master's degrees may be awarded with classified honours (1st, 2:1, 2:2, 3rd) or with distinction or merit.
3808:. A Licentiate with a predefined qualification gave access to the last stage of a further two or more years of studies (depending on the field) for a
3697:
Registry Search Facility may be the simplest and safest way to verify the status of all officially approved and accredited study programmes in Spain.
3529:
should be considered for recognition at the level of the second doctoral degree. In countries in which only one doctoral degree exists, the degree of
2700:
In order for a Dutch student to get access to a university education, the student must complete a six-year pre-university secondary education called
2631:. These are one-year and two-year qualifications, respectively, and may be offered at the second cycle or third cycle level, distinguished by adding
6653:
5099:
Postgraduate education in Venezuela follows the conventions of the United States (being named "master's" and "doctorate" after the programs there).
4943:
is the denomination given to an academic degree granted by a higher education institution recognized by the Chilean Mineduc (Ministry of Education).
4359:. Post-graduate students in Mexico typically enter a master's program after a few years in the workforce and often continue working while studying.
836:
in the UK and most Commonwealth countries, where the standard abbreviation for Master of Science is MSc. Common abbreviations include BA and MA for
11742:
10426:
9706:
9248:
8097:
6152:
2053:
2041:
1274:
1258:
8486:
6519:"Competency Based Curriculum (CBC) and the end of an Era in Kenya's Education Sector and Implications for Development: Some Empirical Reflections"
2429:
focused on scientific subjects such as maths, chemistry, biology and physics but also including philosophy, ancient Latin and Italian literature;
802:
11410:
11333:
5810:
4800:
4303:. Students typically leave preparatoria at the age of 18 for university, at which point they choose to specialize in a specific academic area (a
7885:
11622:
11154:
9669:
5865:
5701:
5574:
5080:
Titles at the higher-education level usually depend on the institution handing them out. Technical schools award the student with the title of
11232:
10041:
10033:
10029:
9893:
8838:
7142:"Referencing of the national framework of French certification in the light of the European framework of certification for lifelong learning"
5123:
3987:
3971:
The Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree is highly valued by those seeking to advance in business as managers and decision makers.
1059:
716:
7773:
6933:
1257:. This system is gradually replacing the two-stage system previously used in some countries and is combined with other elements such as the
3087:
743:
8860:
NSF 06-312, 2006, p. 7. (under "Data notes" mentions that the J.D. is a professional doctorate); San Diego County Bar Association (1969).
7184:
6605:
5972:
3908:
a first, 60-69% for a 2:1, 50-59% for a 2:2, 40-49% for a 3rd and 30%+ for a pass degree, although this can vary by institution (e.g. the
11873:
9933:
6895:
4830:
301:
is a much later creation and was not introduced in England before 1900. Studies in what once was called philosophy are now classified as
5041:, which are similar in duration and scope to associate degree programs. These are often granted by educational institutions of the type
4769:
during the interview, preferring to let the students define their study program and advisor in the course of the first year of studies.
11338:
9354:
2944:
1852:
1444:'Bachelor-after-bachelor') and the Brevet (in the French-speaking Community only) for short-cycle higher education programmes.
9017:
7699:
7012:
ArrĂȘtĂ© du 27 fĂ©vrier 2014 relatif Ă l'attribution du grade de master aux officiers diplĂŽmĂ©s de l'Ecole spĂ©ciale militaire de Saint-Cyr
6001:
5784:
4881:(associates), can opt for higher degrees. Formal education after the bachelor's degree leads to the master's degree with the title of
4315:, with the possibility of finishing a full bachelor's degree later, mainly in fields such as engineering and computer sciences), or a
1846:
10199:
8417:
8264:
5347:
4546:
degrees or higher, compared with 10.6 million women. The first year that women surpassed men in earning bachelor's degrees was 1996.
4491:, which are classified as master's degrees, or with intermediate graduate qualifications that also bear the title of doctor, such as
2171:-titles in many disciplines before their gradual replacement by other Anglo-Saxon-inspired master's and bachelor's degrees under the
678:
8985:
4041:
for a first degree in an arts/humanities subject). The standard undergraduate degree for natural and social science subjects is the
1578:
1472:
10685:
9795:
8959:
8883:
2702:
1094:
758:
6844:"ArrĂȘtĂ© du 23-8-2010, attribution du grade aux titulaires du diplĂŽme dĂ©livrĂ© par l'Ăcole nationale supĂ©rieure des arts dĂ©coratifs"
10211:
9787:
9783:
9779:
8586:
7639:
2742:
2503:; the older university qualifications at this level took two to three years, with the three-year courses conferring the title of
1093:, like many other commonwealth countries, follows the British system, but with its own distinctions. Degrees are approved by the
7503:
6988:
6962:
1617:(master's degree = 120 ECTS-points, except Medicine, which is 180 ECTS-points and Veterinary Medicine, which is 150 ECTS-points)
9775:
8870:
8372:
8294:
7744:
5135:
4765:
post-graduate programs, which accept students with very broad or vague research prospects that sometimes the prospect is given
3934:
such as Master of Arts or Master of Science are typically awarded to students who have undertaken at least a year of full-time
3252:
1174:
7462:
6465:
6253:
2835:
958:
10554:
9771:
9164:
8406:
6582:
5660:
3594:) with full academic and professional rights. The degrees awarded in accordance with the latest higher-education system are:
2542:
took four to six years but was accessed directly from school, with a possible reduction by one year for those with a related
1752:
8659:
8075:
7755:
6409:
Earnest, Joshua; Gupta, S.K.; Sthuthi, Rachel (2018). "Need of Two Distinct Baccalaureate Engineering Programmes in India".
2878:
After finishing this phase, a student can follow another two years' study, which grants equivalents to the Anglo-Saxon BSc (
2807:
2183:
awarded by universities, both of which require a final thesis, are considered equivalent to a master's degree, although the
930:
9699:
7911:
7581:
6567:
4231:
8861:
7814:
7607:
7480:
7272:
7224:
6696:
6254:"XVII. Administration and Faculty: College of Social and Applied Human Sciences: Department of Sociology and Anthropology"
4672:
same and New Zealand does not have associate degrees, thus only levels 7â10 correspond to academic degrees. These are the
614:
teaching guilds would have done, and they are qualified to teach in secondary schools or proceed to higher-level studies.
297:", due to the Renaissance conviction that real knowledge could be derived from empirical observation. The degree title of
12447:
12159:
12006:
10091:
9837:
8204:
7844:
7720:
5287:
5143:
5084:(university higher technician, to distinguish from science technician). Universities award the student with the title of
4579:
4573:
4226:, are offered in some colleges as well. These programs allow students to enter professional university programs, such as
2033:
1901:
821:
8633:
7912:"Education in Russia for foreign citizens: Recognition and equivalence of documents of education and scientific degrees"
7697:
Informatie Beheer Groep (IB-Groep) is a service (now called DUO) of the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science
5131:
3578:
Spain's higher-education legal framework includes official and accredited education, as well as non-official education.
11678:
11580:
9981:
9977:
8145:
5619:
5327:
2814:
1055:
1047:
937:
8352:
6869:
6843:
6817:
4460:
agreements may allow credit earned on an associate degree to be counted toward the completion of a bachelor's degree.
2338:
In Greece access to university is possible after national exams (Panhellenic Exams). The Greek academic degrees are:
1858:
92:
are divided into classes: first, second (broken into upper second, or 2.1, and lower second, or 2.2) and third class.
10562:
10115:
10067:
9252:
7270:
7246:
7222:
7094:
6670:
6236:
6188:
5714:
5669:
5587:
4666:
3437:
3156:, in 2001 and carried out during the 2003/2004 academic year. It introduced standard periods of study and the titles
2854:
1448:
1396:
1289:
1218:
977:
9139:
8809:
8382:
8005:
7942:"Revision of the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED); UNESCO. General Conference; 36th; 2011"
6426:"Application of Marketing Techniques in Library Services and Challenges Faced by University Librarians in Sri Lanka"
3419:
2045:
1405:
12288:
12164:
12011:
10025:
10021:
10017:
10013:
10009:
10005:
8877:. Accessed 28 May 2008. (the J.D. degree is listed under doctorate degrees); German Federal Ministry of Education.
8168:
4501:
Intermediate graduate qualifications lie between the master's level and doctorate. They include awards such as the
4038:
3411:
3130:
2788:
1296:, the top four levels (5â8) correspond to the short cycle, first cycle, second cycle, and third cycle of the EHEA.
1067:
911:
880:
have led to a proliferation of online colleges that award associate's, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees.
794:
17:
8512:
5734:
2907:" (doctoral exam). This is not similar to any type of doctoral exam that would grant the student with any type of
12080:
10356:
10163:
9751:
9692:
9408:
8780:
7347:
6282:
2821:
944:
670:
8999:
8619:
6340:
1589:
Before the adoption of the Bologna Process, the lowest degree that would normally be studied at universities in
12465:
10538:
10179:
10171:
10119:
9957:
9953:
9347:
6540:
5119:
4479:
are named as doctorates but should not be confused with research doctorates such as the Ph.D. (or, in law, the
4476:
3415:
3193:
3046:
2792:
2746:
2011:
1214:
1071:
915:
8904:
754:
level, particularly where the honours degree is a separate qualification from the ordinary bachelor's degree.
12298:
11727:
11714:
11295:
10578:
10508:
10326:
10223:
10187:
10147:
9917:
5322:
4530:
4502:
4300:
4291:
follows a three-degree system similar to that of Canada and the US. The pre-university academic level is the
3792:
was reached after 4 or 5 years of study. Depending on the official language of the university, it was called
1278:
681:
was also granted degree awarding powers on its foundation in 1949, despite not becoming a university (as the
148:
8933:
8123:
7141:
5418:
4753:
Individuals who hold either a bachelor's degree, licentiate or technologist are eligible for admission into
4188:
are considered bachelor's level qualifications, despite their often being named as if they were doctorates.
2803:
1956:
926:
11431:
11058:
11010:
10678:
10496:
10318:
10175:
9853:
9739:
9635:
8560:
4688:(level 10). In addition to these, the NZQF has certificates across levels 1â6, diplomas at levels 5 and 6,
4384:
4010:
3653:
3629:
2999:
2664:
2445:(QTI), which tied together, in a three-level system, both the new qualifications introduced as part of the
2421:
at 19 years of age, following 5 years of study in a specific high school focused on certain subjects (e.g.
172:
6125:
5035:
Higher-education programs that provide a professional title but not an academic degree are referred to as
4327:(doctorate). They can also get the degree of "ingenieria" or "medico" as an engineer or MD, respectively.
1826:
739:
325:
in the 9th century was the origin of the doctorate that later appeared in medieval European universities.
11536:
10736:
10516:
9985:
9945:
9941:
9929:
9905:
9861:
9404:
8758:
8725:
8692:
8592:
7166:
6676:
5138:
depend for their status as pontifical universities, and for the nature of their academic degrees, on the
4483:). First professional degrees should also not be confused with professional master's degrees such as the
4480:
4258:
4201:
3077:
1747:
1112:
6774:
4795:
Finally, a small number of Brazilian universities, most notably the public universities in the state of
4273:
2982:) instead of drs., and some courses of study, such as in technology and agriculture< grant the title
2935:" degree is not equivalent to the European Anglo Saxon postgraduate research degree in medicine, of MD (
606:
and allows the student to attend university. When students graduate from university, they are awarded a
483:, and who had successfully passed examinations held by their master, would be admitted to the degree of
12421:
11825:
11086:
10807:
10618:
10472:
10219:
10079:
10063:
9913:
9873:
9204:
8937:
8908:
8813:
8784:
8663:
8490:
7293:
6290:
4235:
4065:
3835:
3823:
2333:
1063:
8849:
8538:
7789:
3760:
2058:
12518:
12268:
12137:
10650:
10460:
10267:
10263:
10231:
10037:
9340:
8960:"Oregon Student Assistance Commission Office of Degree Authorization (ODA): Religious Exempt Schools"
8373:
Scottish qualifications framework, forming part of the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework,
7889:
6061:
6034:
5111:
4464:
4396:
4165:
4034:
2412:
2308:
thesis. Higher doctorates, such as the D.Sc. degree in the UK, are not present in the German system.
686:
663:
581:
is a development from 18th- and 19th-century German universities, is a more advanced degree than the
545:
The naming of degrees eventually became linked to the subjects studied. Scholars in the faculties of
8032:"Welcome to Buscador de TĂtulos Universitarios â ANECA â Buscador de TĂtulos Universitarios â ANECA"
6411:
University NewsâA Weekly Journal of Higher Education, Pub: Association of Indian Universities. 12-18
5444:
5110:
around the worldâsuch as the Pontifical University, St Patrick's College, Maynooth, in Ireland; the
12239:
12095:
11632:
10921:
10642:
10530:
10456:
10287:
10195:
9833:
9473:
7118:
6896:"ArrĂȘtĂ© du 31-5-2010, Attribution du grade de master aux titulaires des diplĂŽmes de deuxiĂšme cycle"
5869:
5643:
5398:
5372:
5267:
4697:
4457:
4169:
4118:(M.Res.). The postgraduate teaching qualification is the Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE).
4002:
3856:
3851:
3400:
2396:
2091:, which are master's degrees. In addition to the doctorate, which is always a research degree, the
1054:, duration and pattern, and differ only in nomenclature. The engineering degree in Bangladesh is a
778:
659:
412:
381:
8835:
8006:"Registro de Universidades, Centros y TĂtulos (RUCT) - Ministerio de EducaciĂłn, Cultura y Deporte"
5167:
The core of degrees granted by pontifical universities consists of three levels: the first is the
5146:. The nature of academic degrees from ecclesiastical institutions of education is outlined in the
4410:
The standard academic progression remains bachelor'sâmaster'sâ(research) doctorate. Most standard
2006:
1629:(higher doctoral degree = normally after a minimum of 5 years of individual and original research)
1225:
Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning Higher Education in the European Region
12408:
11978:
10671:
10614:
10322:
10215:
10207:
9989:
9937:
9889:
9885:
9821:
9817:
9400:
8316:"The framework for higher education qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (FHEQ)"
7770:
5297:
4223:
3986:
8. Full information about the expectations for different types of UK degrees is published by the
3404:
3312:
2939:). Besides the title doctorandus, the graduates of the Curius curriculum may also bear the title
2781:
2745:
are government supported, with only a few privately owned universities in existence (i.e. one in
2144:
1640:
1409:
1043:
1031:
904:
766:
424:
404:
11310:
8846:
6746:
6491:
6311:
5849:
Only registered higher education providers can offer Australian Higher Education Qualifications.
4730:
years. Licentiate degrees normally take four-years, and are for students who want to qualify as
2643:, a first-cycle degree that takes three years (180 ECTS credits), and which gives access to the
2612:, which is offered in a few specific professions, takes two to six years and gives the title of
2534:
are obtained after two further years of study (120 ECTS credits) and give the academic title of
2271:
programs is no longer possible at most universities, with a few exceptions. Programs leading to
100:
11996:
11905:
11672:
11543:
11400:
11029:
10598:
10452:
10414:
10406:
10394:
10378:
10352:
10295:
10055:
9993:
9921:
9446:
8049:
7877:
7195:
7022:
6318:
5337:
5147:
4719:
4484:
4207:
3935:
3473:
usually takes 4 years of college (minimum level to be recognized as having a higher education).
3062:
1520:
1170:
1035:
1023:
420:
31:
8747:
8714:
7084:
6178:
6056:
5832:
5696:
5569:
3834:(NDS). Today the federal legislation defines these postgraduate diplomas (60 ECTS credits) as
3618:
Accredited bachelor's degrees and master's degrees qualifications will always be described as
1020:, etc.); the corresponding degrees are Bachelor of Science (BSc) and Master of Science (MSc).
11747:
10792:
10630:
10550:
10546:
10370:
10291:
10259:
10239:
10191:
10087:
10083:
9997:
9897:
9881:
9877:
9869:
9857:
9724:
9507:
9165:"Australian Grading System Explained: A Complete Guide | Study in Australia âą OzStudies"
9108:
8684:
8464:
8191:"Degree classification, grade, honours, first class, second class, two two, university, jobs"
5332:
5157:
5107:
4654:
4510:
4053:
3950:
3942:
3521:
should be considered for recognition at the level of the first doctoral degree. According to
3308:
2828:
2679:
1971:
1874:
1190:
951:
416:
365:
361:
was an individual professor whereas the university degree was granted by a corporate entity.
6721:
6226:
6029:
4582:(AQF) covers 10 levels, of which levels 6â10 correspond to academic degrees. These are: the
2966:(dr.), unless they also earn such adegree by completing a PhD curriculum. Furthermore, the
2499:
is obtained after three years of study (180 ECTS credits) and confers the academic title of
171:
which required the applicant to pass a test, take an oath of allegiance, and pay a fee. The
12035:
11767:
11502:
10626:
10622:
10534:
10484:
10398:
10390:
10386:
10364:
10183:
10111:
10099:
9961:
9925:
9865:
9849:
9845:
9841:
9803:
9621:
9577:
9483:
9469:
9427:
9372:
7696:
7463:"Universitaire bachelors â alle 400+ bacheloropleidingen van de Nederlandse universiteiten"
7294:"Framework Levels & Award Types â About the NFQ â National Framework of Qualifications"
7271:
Secretariat of the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs.
7223:
Secretariat of the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs.
6627:
6261:
6095:
5947:
5792:
5472:(AprilâJune 1989), "Scholasticism and Humanism in Classical Islam and the Christian West",
5168:
4701:
4689:
4673:
4611:
4526:
4518:
4496:
4434:
4392:
4244:
4111:
4022:
4006:
3994:
3875:
3871:
3860:
3816:
3470:
3462:
3332:
3284:
3256:
3010:
2991:
2908:
2384:
2232:
2088:
2022:
1834:
1570:
1542:
1457:
1388:
1328:
1231:
in 1999, higher education systems in Europe have been undergoing harmonisation through the
857:
817:
798:
790:
762:
690:
570:
439:, candidates who had completed three or four years of study in the prescribed texts of the
400:
298:
74:
62:
41:
is a qualification awarded to a student upon successful completion of a course of study in
7886:"Guidelines for the recognition of Russian qualifications in the other European countries"
6360:"Faith and education in Bangladesh: A review of the contemporary landscape and challenges"
4805:
4796:
2911:
title. Successful completion, however, does grant the student the Dutch degree of "drs." "
1597:). Officially, a bachelor's degree was always obtained after 3 years' university studies.
828:
Abbreviations used for degrees vary between countries and institutions, e.g. MS indicates
245:), "Doctor", and "Professor" signify different levels of academic achievement, but in the
8:
12395:
12132:
12122:
12045:
12020:
11343:
11077:
11053:
10606:
10570:
10542:
10448:
10442:
10430:
10422:
10307:
10251:
10155:
10107:
9973:
9969:
9965:
9612:
9597:
8616:"SecretarĂa de EducaciĂłn PĂșblica :: Requisitos Nivel TĂ©cnico Superior Universitario"
6798:
DĂ©cret 2012-432 du 30 mars 2012 relatif Ă lâexercice de lâactivitĂ© dâexpertise comptable.
6631:
5509:
5172:
4438:
4419:
4400:
4239:
4061:
4042:
3931:
3789:
3646:
These programmes fall within the category of "non officially approved and accredited" or
3372:
3228:
3083:
3068:
2879:
2360:
2248:
1506:
1491:
1476:
1439:
1424:
1228:
1160:
year of study in that discipline would result in an NQF level 8 (honours degree) rating.
845:
682:
603:
441:
436:
392:
384:
in the late 12th century; it also conferred similar degrees in other subjects, including
330:
246:
181:
118:
105:
8963:
8878:
8715:"Types of research doctoral degrees recognized by the Survey of Earned Doctorates: 2014"
8375:"The framework for qualifications of higher education institutions in Scotland (FHQEIS)"
7481:"Universitaire masters â alle 1200+ masteropleidingen van de Nederlandse universiteiten"
7415:
7055:
DĂ©cret 2012-432 du 30 mars 2012 relatif Ă lâexercice de lâactivitĂ© dâexpertise comptable
4267:
3739:
3283:
degree, granted after 5â6 years of study or 2 years of additional study by holders of a
666:, which empowered the Archbishop to grant dispensations previously granted by the Pope.
12258:
12201:
11965:
11645:
11438:
11320:
11000:
10974:
10850:
10741:
10654:
10610:
10594:
10566:
10500:
10488:
10468:
10314:
10299:
10227:
10151:
10143:
10135:
10127:
10103:
10075:
10049:
9539:
9464:
9086:
8439:
7883:
7440:
5543:
5489:
5272:
4817:), which is of higher standing than a doctorate and is obtained, similar to the German
4758:
4681:
4522:
4492:
4468:
4348:
4247:
before applying to medical schools, Quebec college graduates have the option to enter:
4177:
4173:
4115:
3805:
3489:
3031:
titles (MA, MSc and LLM). These academic titles are protected by the Dutch government.
3018:
2902:
2380:
2368:
2240:
1560:
1463:
1392:
1332:
1262:
853:
809:
786:
622:
was used for those who finished the secondary or high-school level education, known as
566:
216:
78:
12482:
12344:
12110:
11599:
11479:
10873:
10839:
10834:
10586:
10582:
10434:
10418:
10410:
10382:
10374:
10346:
10255:
10203:
10071:
9949:
9760:
9735:
9631:
9395:
9090:
7752:
7090:
6666:
6578:
6518:
6447:
6391:
6232:
6184:
6008:
5976:
5710:
5665:
5615:
5583:
5547:
5535:
5518:
4825:
examination that includes giving a public lecture before a panel of full professors.
4514:
4449:
4427:
4252:
4107:
4103:
4057:
3946:
3916:
3477:
3280:
3177:
3003:
2916:
2754:
2267:
2148:
1975:
1878:
876:
849:
833:
829:
782:
509:
197:
70:
8867:
8190:
7741:
7608:"Citizens' questions letter from Dutch Department of Education, Culture and Science"
7526:"De MPhil graad wordt niet meer verleend - Masteropleidingen - Aanstaande Studenten"
5861:
5806:
4653:), professional doctorates (normally titled to refer to the field of practice, e.g.
4102:
degree. Postgraduate degrees in arts and humanities subjects are usually designated
3804:(Italian) and, according to the Bologna reform, is today considered equivalent to a
3721:
agrees with ANECA's approval, it will be included in the RUCT and ANECA registries.
3540:(ISCED) UNESCO 2011, par.262, for purposes of international educational statistics:
3168:. The system differentiates between a free master's degree and a master's degree in
2655:
in either psychology or medicine and surgery, along with professional registration.
825:
institution names are given in this form in the Commonwealth Universities Yearbook.
805:
for a more complete list and discussion of abbreviations for British universities.)
589:
for PhDs developed within German universities and spread across the academic world.
497:. Further study and, in particular, successful participation in, and moderation of,
112:
65:, although some educational systems offer lower-level undergraduate degrees such as
12435:
12229:
12105:
12100:
12001:
11922:
11819:
11487:
11456:
11363:
11222:
10943:
10139:
10001:
9813:
9809:
9661:
9617:
9534:
9390:
9078:
6437:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6359:
5759:
5692:
5565:
5527:
5481:
5307:
5282:
4934:
In Chile, there is a distinction between academic degrees and professional titles:
4762:
4731:
4693:
4615:
4584:
4506:
4453:
4415:
4388:
4158:
4030:
3998:
3921:
3879:
3224:
2887:
2883:
2392:
2107:
Traditionally in Germany, students graduated after four-to-six years either with a
1897:
1293:
1186:
1027:
837:
525:
484:
346:
334:
326:
253:
88:
In the UK and countries whose educational systems are based on the British system,
66:
42:
10663:
4821:, by the submission of a second (original or cumulative) thesis and approval in a
12234:
12154:
12149:
12144:
11991:
11949:
11915:
11843:
11720:
11627:
11469:
11446:
11405:
11159:
11119:
10931:
10602:
10271:
9656:
9640:
9602:
9587:
9554:
9082:
8887:
8874:
8853:
8842:
8443:
7777:
7759:
7748:
7703:
7380:
6575:
The European Higher Education Area in 2015: Bologna Process Implementation Report
5312:
5302:
4905:
In Colombia, similar to the U.S. system, the students may not go directly to the
4754:
4590:
3909:
3785:
3713:
is the reference framework adopted in Spain in order to structure degree levels.
2735:
2731:
2726:
2689:
2446:
2388:
2367:
The Higher Education and Training Awards Council (HETAC) awards the following: A
2283:
2172:
2136:
2109:
2040:; BUT) are recognised as "professionnal bachelor cycle" qualifications worth 180
2026:
1526:
1482:
1415:
1369:
1361:
1340:
1313:
1232:
1210:
1185:
master's degree program, students are typically required to publish at least one
813:
773:
from an earned MA. Other Latin abbreviations commonly used include 'Cantuar' for
593:
168:
53:. These institutions often offer degrees at various levels, usually divided into
7919:
7585:
2673:, the structure of academic studies was altered significantly in 1982 when the "
598:
12127:
12090:
11969:
11961:
11900:
11892:
11868:
11858:
11790:
11734:
11699:
11575:
11557:
11507:
11247:
11182:
11126:
10802:
10727:
10646:
10638:
10590:
10235:
10059:
9764:
9626:
9582:
9549:
9432:
8880:
U.S. Higher Education / Evaluation of the Almanac Chronicle of Higher Education
7822:
7614:
7185:"National Report regarding the Bologna Process implementation 2012-2015 France"
7110:
5614:(2. ed., repr. ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. p. 155.
5469:
5317:
5277:
4677:
4596:
4445:
4423:
4212:
4154:
3523:
Guidelines for the recognition of Russian qualifications in the other countries
3288:
3276:
3232:
2936:
2924:
2920:
2376:
2292:
2188:
2114:
1534:
1497:
1430:
1377:
1285:
1004:
1001:
841:
774:
751:
702:
655:
582:
502:
312:
208:
152:
89:
8934:"Structure of the U.S. Education System: Intermediate Graduate Qualifications"
5661:
A History of the University in Europe. Vol. 1: Universities in the Middle Ages
5366:
5364:
2639:
after the qualification name. Higher schools for language mediators offer the
2510:
The second level, tied to the second cycle of the Bologna Process, covers the
2463:
in AFAM institutions. The older qualifications that map to this level are the
2425:
focused on classical subjects, including philosophy, ancient Greek and Latin;
738:
Depending on the culture and the degree earned, degrees may be indicated by a
12512:
12117:
12025:
11944:
11833:
11814:
11799:
11704:
11667:
11550:
11517:
11497:
11420:
11395:
11390:
11377:
11348:
11305:
11242:
11149:
11134:
11105:
11018:
10812:
10694:
9728:
6451:
6395:
5539:
5531:
5514:"From JÄmi' ah to University: Multiculturalism and ChristianâMuslim Dialogue"
5179:. From this core pontifical universities confer specific degrees, including:
4339:
4227:
3819:
requiring up to two years of study. French-speaking universities called them
3497:
3092:
2873:
1793:
1360:, all have common and comparable systems of degrees that were adapted to the
1237:
869:
674:
651:
54:
9332:
8146:"Rectors' Conference of the Swiss Universities; unification of degree names"
7244:
6628:"Descriptors defining levels in the European Qualifications Framework (EQF)"
6442:
6425:
3311:, granted after about 2 years of additional study by holders of a degree of
3071:). With time, experience and achievement, this can evolve to a position as "
2651:, a third-cycle qualification that takes at least four years and requires a
2592:
Universities in Italy offer a number of other qualifications, including the
2553:
The third level, tied to the third cycle of the Bologna Process, covers the
2453:
The first level, tied to the first cycle of the Bologna Process, covers the
662:. The Archbishop of Canterbury's right to grant degrees is derived from the
602:(cf. "bachelor") is conferred upon French students who have completed their
12383:
12371:
12321:
12315:
12310:
12169:
11863:
11809:
11804:
11757:
11691:
11617:
11607:
11586:
11530:
11464:
11415:
11277:
11262:
11257:
11252:
11227:
11202:
11192:
11099:
10880:
10698:
10634:
10464:
9544:
9138:. Australian Qualifications Framework Council. January 2013. Archived from
6130:
5361:
4818:
4631:
Second Class Honours â B Division (H2B or IIB; overall mark of 70% to 74%);
4628:
Second Class Honours â A Division (H2A or IIA; overall mark of 74% to 79%);
4472:
4185:
4110:(M.Sc.). Non-doctoral postgraduate research degrees are usually designated
3511:
3352:
3163:
2684:" (Two Phase Structure) was introduced by the Dutch Minister of Education,
2573:, under both new and old systems, takes a minimum of three years after the
2400:
2312:
2199:
1979:
1882:
1566:
480:
156:
144:
58:
4638:
Lower marks do not qualify for honours, but yield a bachelor's degree at:
1368:. The primary 3-cycle structure is called BMD (Bachelor-Master-Doctorate;
645:
12356:
12278:
11937:
11932:
11927:
11848:
11762:
11752:
11612:
11570:
11565:
11382:
11358:
11300:
11267:
11237:
11217:
11212:
11187:
11177:
11144:
11139:
10955:
10936:
10890:
10885:
10766:
9684:
9607:
8284:
8166:
8009:
6386:
5658:
RĂŒegg, Walter: "Foreword. The University as a European Institution", in:
4161:, allowing credit to be transferred into a four-year bachelor's program.
3525:, in countries with a two-tier system of doctoral degrees, the degree of
3506:
3483:
A Master's (Magister) degree is awarded after 6 years of college (4 + 2).
2932:
2912:
2685:
2670:
2160:
2122:
2062:
2021:
Historically, academic degrees were orientated towards research, and the
1930:
1247:
1137:
1039:
770:
611:
498:
354:
132:
8928:
8926:
8414:
Ministerial Statement on Quality Assurance of Degree Education in Canada
8031:
7771:
The Diploma Mafias â with a list of diploma factories worldwide Newsabah
6204:
4072:
Honours for MA or bachelor's degrees are classified into three classes:
3748:
12349:
12332:
12273:
12253:
11910:
11838:
11785:
11781:
11709:
11525:
11492:
11425:
11328:
11272:
11094:
11048:
11005:
10960:
10911:
10844:
10824:
10787:
10761:
10717:
10712:
8748:"Research degrees included in the Survey of Earned Doctorates: 2010â14"
8516:
7558:"Welke titel mag ik voeren als ik ben afgestudeerd? - Rijksoverheid.nl"
5918:"'Walter Mitty' builder blagged top jobs and ÂŁ1m in wages with fake CV"
4860:(equivalent to associate degree) and consists of three years of study.
4743:
3682:
University-taught study programme accreditation is granted through the
3517:
In countries with a two-tier system of doctoral degrees, the degree of
3379:
3220:
3169:
3153:
3118:
2795: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2600:(1 year/60 ECTS credits, 3rd cycle qualification), continuing from the
2212:
2118:
1919:
1843:
diplÎme d'ingénierie des systÚmes électroniques de la sécurité aérienne
1776:
1051:
918: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
808:
Confusion can result from universities sharing similar names, e.g. the
596:
terminology is tied closely to the original meanings of the terms. The
464:
459:
306:
294:
50:
12499:
7500:"RVZ: 'schaf numerus fixus bij geneeskunde af' :: archief nrc.nl"
5493:
3590:
Official professional study programmes lead to degree qualifications (
493:, a term previously used to describe a squire (i.e., apprentice) to a
12361:
12248:
12224:
11986:
11878:
11638:
11353:
11036:
10970:
10916:
10863:
10858:
10731:
10524:
10480:
9502:
8923:
7147:. Commission Nationale de la Certification Professionelle. p. 13
6697:"Degrees and qualifications â Uddannelses - og Forskningsministeriet"
5706:
5607:
5579:
5176:
4685:
4606:
4404:
4371:
3975:
3809:
3122:
3114:
3102:
3098:
3014:
2725:
For some disciplines in the Netherlands, a governmentally determined
2715:
2278:
2217:
2204:
2168:
2152:
2140:
1915:
1336:
1321:
1253:
1178:
1090:
1017:
693:, many of which are now effectively universities in their own right.
472:
377:
342:
204:, both of which now became the exclusive qualification for teaching.
201:
82:
8810:"Structure of the U.S. Education System: First-Professional Degrees"
6544:
6358:
Roy, Sudipta; Huq, Samia; Rob, Aisha Binte Abdur (1 November 2020).
5392:
5390:
5388:
4931:(high school diploma), which is a requirement for higher education.
4649:
Doctorates in Australia may be research doctorates (normally titled
3389:
3152:("The Quality Reform"), was passed in the Norwegian Parliament, the
2770:
2052:; BTS) is now recognised as a "short cycle" qualification worth 120
893:
803:
Universities in the United Kingdom § Post-nominal abbreviations
395:
used the term "master" for its graduates, a practice adopted by the
12378:
12366:
12327:
12305:
12196:
12085:
12030:
11853:
11652:
11112:
11065:
11024:
10995:
10983:
10926:
10906:
10868:
10829:
8068:"PĂĄgina no encontrada - Ministerio de EducaciĂłn, Cultura y Deporte"
7866:
6126:"Oxbridge defends automatic MAs under threat from quality watchdog"
5485:
4216:
4026:
2750:
2719:
2441:
In 2011, Italy introduced a qualifications framework, known as the
2203:(State Examination). It is not an academic degree but a government
2156:
2000:
The French national education system makes a distinction between a
1923:
1911:
1780:
1772:
1153:
1145:
1133:
574:
558:
554:
546:
521:
517:
468:
450:
408:
385:
290:
282:
273:
257:
6565:
5891:
5612:
The rise of early modern science : Islam, China, and the West
5513:
4414:
programs are based on the four-year bachelor's degree, most often
4219:
has nearly sixty different programs leading to a college diploma.
3855:
The newly conferred bachelor's degree holders after graduation at
3533:
should be considered for recognition at the level of this degree.
2163:. Those degrees were the first, and at the same time highest, non-
12219:
12191:
11659:
11287:
11042:
10948:
10797:
10771:
10722:
8101:
6608:. European Quality Assurance in Vocational Education and Training
5385:
4549:
3710:
3458:
2711:
2707:
2485:
Diploma dell'Istituto Superiore delle Industrie Artistiche (ISIA)
2348:
Metaptychiako Diploma Eidikefsis (EQL Level 7 or master's degree)
2099:
are third level qualifications and recognized as level 7 in EQF.
2072:
1590:
1305:
1270:
1241:
1149:
1013:
1009:
550:
446:
396:
322:
302:
113:
Emergence of the doctor's and master's degrees and the licentiate
46:
10989:
9069:
Rose, Stephen (November 2013). "The Value of a College Degree".
8564:
7321:. Ministry of Education, University and Research. Archived from
5293:
Degrees offered by unaccredited institutions of higher education
3882:. It usually takes three years to read for a bachelor's degree.
3113:, is connected to one's employment. This means that, should the
1514:
The third cycle of Belgium's higher education is covered by the
1308:, there are currently two parallel systems of academic degrees:
801:
have abbreviations that are the same in English and Latin. (See
192:
continued to hold a higher prestige than the bachelor's degree (
12430:
12388:
12263:
11373:
10819:
9592:
9559:
9478:
8894:, 3:962:1a. (the J.D. is listed among other doctorate degrees).
8467:. The Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials
7416:"Framework of qualifications awarded under the previous system"
6665:: Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Culture.
6662:
5342:
5115:
4813:
4488:
4356:
4288:
4197:
3514:
in Germany, France, Austria and some other European countries.
3454:
3205:
2455:
2261:
2211:(solicitors), judges, public prosecutors, patent attorneys and
2208:
2131:
1317:
1058:(B.Sc. Engineering). Other degrees include the medical degree (
677:
in the nineteenth century, despite not being a university. The
578:
494:
373:
317:
8804:
8802:
8634:"¿ Por qué estudiar una licenciatura o carrera técnica ?"
6424:
Nishath, S. Shabnam; Somaratna, Sajeewanie D. (29 June 2021).
4958:, additional examination or work experience. For example, the
4437:(Ph.D.), comprising 98.1% of research doctorates in 2014. The
4121:
Postgraduate qualifications are classified into four classes:
2647:. Specialisation institutes/schools in psychoterapy offer the
2073:
Qualifications Framework of the European Higher Education Area
2025:
system awarded only diplomas. Since the implementation of the
1511:'Master-after-master') that lasts one year (60 ECTS).
12441:
12338:
12067:
12053:
12049:
9747:
9743:
8845:. Accessed 26 May 2008; National Science Foundation (2006). "
7884:
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
7245:
Bundesministerium fĂŒr Building under Forcing (13 June 2013).
6577:. Publications Office of the European Union. pp. 47â86.
6430:
Journal of the University Librarians Association of Sri Lanka
4625:
First Class Honours (H1 or I; overall mark of 80% and above);
4266:
directly into the undergraduate medical education program at
4263:
and then pursue medical studies for the following four years;
3086:). Officially an UHD still works under the supervision of a "
2995:
1365:
727:
630:, (although there were a few 3-year associate degrees called
615:
529:
506:
476:
454:
369:
223:
212:
160:
136:
124:
8868:
University of Utah â The Graduate School â Graduate Handbook
7443:. Ministero dellâIstruzione, dellâUniversitĂ e della Ricerca
7418:. Ministero dellâIstruzione, dellâUniversitĂ e della Ricerca
7383:. Ministero dellâIstruzione, dellâUniversitĂ e della Ricerca
7350:. Ministero dellâIstruzione, dellâUniversitĂ e della Ricerca
7139:
4634:
Third Class Honours (H3 or III; overall mark of 65% to 69%).
4060:
are studied, compared to (typically) three English or Welsh
2417:
In Italy access to university is possible after gaining the
196:), it was ultimately reduced to an intermediate step to the
9791:
8799:
8781:"Structure of the U.S. Education System: Associate Degrees"
7191:
5139:
4893:(doctorate). The master's degree normally takes two years.
4052:
This also reflects the broader scope of the final years of
2126:
1269:
have a framework but have not yet certified it against the
1129:
177:
143:) at a medieval university. Its roots can be traced to the
8905:"Structure of the U.S. Education System: Master's Degrees"
7980:
7381:"Italian Qualification Framework for the Higher Education"
7218:
7216:
4540:
3371:) degree â the highest title, officially conferred by the
3355:
degree, requires approval by an external ministerial body.
2596:(1 year/60 ECTS credits, 2nd cycle qualification) and the
2231:
Since 1999, the traditional degrees have been replaced by
2071:
The recognised degrees are in three levels, following the
540:
6606:"European Qualifications Framework for lifelong learning"
5973:"Protocols for Staff Listings in the University Calendar"
4650:
4181:
3725:
4. Spanish qualifications and their professional effects.
3121:, he or she also loses the privilege to use the title of
2948:
2608:, respectively. These do not give access to the PhD. The
2311:
However, sometimes incorrectly regarded as a degree, the
2164:
1557:
program and obligatory exam they achieve the title MUDr.
1399:
level 6). Other first cycle degrees include the one-year
1141:
562:
513:
286:
265:
9311:
7960:"European Higher Education Area website 2010-2020- EHEA"
7959:
5407:] (in German). Vol. 5. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler.
5381:] (in German). Vol. 3. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler.
3684:
National Agency for Quality Assessment and Accreditation
3657:
Official Spanish University Education Legal Framework 01
3633:
Official Spanish University Education Legal Framework 02
2994:
in multiple disciplines. In the Netherlands, the degree
2275:
did not usually make the transition to Bologna degrees.
1235:, which is based on a three-cycle hierarchy of degrees:
573:(Ph.D.), which in its present form as a degree based on
8978:"Bill addresses degrees from unaccredited institutions"
7280:
The Education System in the Federal Republic of Germany
7232:
The Education System in the Federal Republic of Germany
7213:
4983:, undergraduate degree obtained by completing a 2-year
4422:(B.S.), a one- or two-year master's degree (most often
3885:
The honours are usually categorised into four classes:
3180:, which is but one of many degrees linked to the title
646:
Degrees awarded by institutions other than universities
9287:"Sapientia Christiana (April 15, 1979) - John Paul II"
7086:
Higher Education in England and France Since the 1980s
5648:, vol. 3, Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, cols 1155â1156
5017:
degree or equivalent. Equivalent to a master's degree.
3846:
2375:'s degree at Level 7; An honours bachelor's degree or
710:
184:
in 1231 where it became a universal license to teach (
12419:
8050:"Search â Buscador de TĂtulos Universitarios â ANECA"
7753:
Application for a recognized Dutch title (in English)
2585:
took two to six years and gave the academic title of
1447:
Bachelor's degrees are followed in the second cycle (
430:
61:
degrees. The most common undergraduate degree is the
9133:"Australian Qualifications Framework Second Edition"
8847:
Time to Degree of U.S. Research Doctorate Recipients
8834:
Association of American Universities Data Exchange.
8401:
8399:
8000:
7998:
7996:
7994:
6207:. University of York, Department of Computer Science
3380:
Russia, Ukraine and some other former USSR republics
1604:
The academic degrees available at universities are:
626:. The standard Spanish university 5-year degree was
376:, was the first institution to confer the degree of
10693:
7742:
Application for a recognized Dutch title (in Dutch)
7613:. Members.home.nl. 8 September 2009. Archived from
6408:
4355:level takes 1â3 years and mandates completion of a
4098:(ordinary degree â bachelor's level SCQF Level 9).
3133:, so some known criminal uses are not prosecuted).
2493:
Diploma dell'Accademia Nazionale di Arte Drammatica
2345:
Diploma (EQL Level 7 or Integrated master's degree)
1466:credits. The master's degree can be followed by an
1265:to make comparisons between qualifications easier.
832:in the US and places following American usage, but
9000:"In a first, women surpass men in college degrees"
8587:"Faculté de pharmacie de l'Université de Montréal"
7435:
7433:
7023:"Article Article D612-32-2 du Code de l'Ă©ducation"
6651:
5445:"Origin of the Bachelor's, Master's and Doctorate"
4780:(professional master's, master's, and doctorate).
4645:Fail (N or Failed: overall mark of 49% and below).
3709:The qualifications framework for higher education
3538:International Standard Classification of Education
3259:; granted after at least about 3.5 years of study.
2014:and schools may be recognised by the state with a
1839:diplÎme de management et contrÎle du trafic aérien
1764:(both diplomas phased out and no longer delivered)
1615:cand. <Latin abbreviation of field of study>
8755:Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities: 2014
8722:Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities: 2014
8689:Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities: 2014
8396:
7991:
7642:(in Dutch). Wetten.overheid.nl. 21 October 2009.
6153:"New designation for University of Malta degrees"
5833:"Guidelines for the use of the word 'university'"
5785:"Archbishop of Canterbury awards Lambeth Degrees"
4433:By far the most common research doctorate is the
3056:" (dr.) can proceed to teach at universities as "
2469:Diploma di scuole dirette a fini speciali (SDAFS)
1816:diplÎme national supérieur d'expression plastique
1356:While higher education is regulated by the three
995:
207:In universities, doctoral training was a form of
12510:
7556:Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene (19 April 2011).
7551:
7549:
7547:
7410:
7408:
7406:
7404:
7402:
7400:
7398:
7375:
7373:
7371:
7369:
7367:
7365:
6543:. European Higher Education Area. Archived from
6423:
6364:International Journal of Educational Development
5811:Department for Business, Innovation & Skills
5691:
5564:
4896:Students also can take a specialization course,
3928:rigorous standards expected of their graduates.
3705:3. Qualifications framework for higher education
2958:In the Netherlands, there is the informal title
1627:dr. <Latin abbreviation of field of study>
1259:European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System
1026:degrees are conferred specially in the field of
673:, was granted limited degree awarding powers by
569:. This led to the modern hierarchy in which the
8285:Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education,
8167:Department of Business, Innovation and Skills,
8098:"Rectors' Conference of the Swiss Universities"
7430:
6466:"South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA)"
4772:There are two types of post-graduate programs:
4362:Traditionally, students who have completed the
1800:diplÎme supérieur de comptabilité et de gestion
1663:degree holders have graduated from university.
1050:(B.S./B.Sc. Engineering). Both are the same in
1038:(B.Tech.). Both represent bachelor's degree in
9670:Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)
9281:
9279:
8345:"Quality Code, Chapter A1: The national level"
7582:"Bachelor-mastertitulatuur: titels combineren"
7575:
7573:
7571:
6312:"Commonwealth University Degree Abbreviations"
5866:Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
5702:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia
5575:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia
5112:Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas
4550:Perceptions of the value of a degree in the US
4513:status, and Professional Diplomas, as well as
4106:(M.Litt.) or, in natural and social sciences,
3874:in England, Northern Ireland and Wales is the
2351:Didaktoriko Diploma (EQL Level 8 or Doctorate)
1812:Ăcole nationale supĂ©rieure des arts dĂ©coratifs
1573:) after another three or four years of study.
1060:Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery
337:agree that there is a resemblance between the
10679:
9700:
9362:
9348:
7544:
7395:
7362:
7140:French project working group (October 2010).
6081:
6079:
5124:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas
5061:Academic degrees in Venezuela start with the
5048:
5042:
5036:
5026:
5020:
5012:
5006:
4998:
4997:, undergraduate degree obtained as a 4+ year
4992:
4984:
4978:
4969:
4959:
4953:
4946:
4938:
4926:
4920:
4906:
4897:
4888:
4882:
4876:
4870:
4864:
4855:
4849:
4843:
4594:(level 7), which normally takes 3 years; the
4588:(level 6), which normally takes 2 years; the
3988:Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education
3815:Apart from this, most universities offered a
2559:Diploma accademico di formazione alla ricerca
2433:focused on foreign languages and literature;
1462:that last two years, completing an extra 120
717:Unaccredited institutions of higher education
73:degrees. Common postgraduate degrees include
8590:
8124:"Official regulation on the Bologna Process"
7975:
7973:
7600:
6941:Cache.media.enseignemetsup-recherche.gouv.fr
6652:Wadsack, Ingrid; Kasparovsky, Heinz (2004).
4271:
4256:
4025:for students studying arts or humanities in
3480:is awarded after 5 years of college (4 + 1).
3366:
3359:
3346:
3339:
3326:
3319:
3302:
3295:
3270:
3263:
3246:
3239:
3213:
3176:degree (not to be confused with a degree in
3025:
2459:(bachelor's degree) in universities and the
1807:diplÎme national supérieur d'arts plastiques
883:
733:
9754:, Associate in Specialized Technology (AST)
9276:
8230:"Foundation degree qualification benchmark"
7579:
7568:
7082:
6566:European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice (2015).
6123:
6002:"ABBREVIATIONS: NAMES OF UNIVERSITIES, ETC"
4831:Universities and Higher Education in Brazil
4403:, intermediate graduate qualifications and
3418:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3235:); granted after at least 3 years of study.
3208:, the system is similar to the German one.
3002:refused to recognize the MPhils awarded by
2649:Diploma di specializzazione in psicoterapia
2034:University Bachelor of Technology's Diploma
1902:University Bachelor of Technology's Diploma
1864:diplÎme d'études fondamentales vétérinaires
532:
488:
487:. The term "bachelor" comes from the Latin
230:
159:authorities who taught and interpreted the
10686:
10672:
9714:
9707:
9693:
9355:
9341:
9304:
9205:"Understanding New Zealand qualifications"
8407:"Canadian Degree Qualifications Framework"
6769:
6767:
6076:
5102:
4911:without having the "master" degree first.
4387:now classifies degrees in six categories:
3495:The first-level academic degree is called
3148:The reform of higher education in Norway,
2342:Ptychio (EQL Level 6 or bachelor's degree)
1790:diplĂŽme d'Ătat de masseur-kinĂ©sithĂ©rapeute
8418:Council of Ministers of Education, Canada
8205:"Bachelor Degree Grades Explained | Blog"
8170:UK government's list of recognised bodies
7970:
7089:. Symposium Books Ltd. pp. 112â113.
7015:
6691:
6689:
6441:
6385:
6375:
6357:
5642:Verger, J. (1999), "Doctor, doctoratus",
5371:Verger, J. (1998). "Doctor, doctoratus".
5348:Validation of foreign studies and degrees
4974:degrees, there are the following levels:
4334:, students may take extra courses called
4037:(the latter traditionally awarded by the
3608:) â 60 to 120 ECTS Credits in 1â2 years.
3438:Learn how and when to remove this message
2855:Learn how and when to remove this message
2489:Diploma dell'Accademia Nazionale di Danza
2207:that future doctors, dentists, teachers,
1066:(BDS)) and computer application degrees (
978:Learn how and when to remove this message
679:University College of North Staffordshire
8836:Glossary of Terms for Graduate Education
6775:"Article D612-34 du Code de l'Ă©ducation"
5685:
5508:
5504:
5502:
5474:Journal of the American Oriental Society
5073:(High School Graduate of Humanities) or
3850:
3830:and German-speaking universities mostly
3652:
3628:
3034:
2703:voorbereidend wetenschappelijk onderwijs
1653:lisensiaatin tutkinto / licentiat examen
759:Association of Commonwealth Universities
553:became known as "masters", but those in
99:
9127:
9125:
9037:
6903:Media.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr
6764:
6516:
5468:
5025:, a doctoral degree, often requiring a
4541:Current levels of attainment of degrees
4200:, the majority of students must attend
4149:the provinces and territories in 2007.
3172:. The latter corresponds to the former
2598:Master universitario di secondo livello
2477:Diploma di Istituto Musicale Pareggiato
1623:(PhD degree = normally 180 ECTS-points)
1569:. They can also get a "big doctorate" (
1563:degree in the United States of America)
1181:or management takes around four years.
1042:. In Pakistan, engineering degrees are
1000:Bangladesh and India mostly follow the
585:(M.A.). The practice of using the term
541:Evolution of the terminology of degrees
528:word "graduate", which is based on the
372:, regarded as the oldest university in
147:when the term "doctor" referred to the
14:
12511:
9229:. New Zealand Qualifications Authority
9207:. New Zealand Qualifications Authority
9185:. New Zealand Qualifications Authority
9033:
9031:
8858:InfoBrief, Science Resource Statistics
7073:Article D675-19 du code de lâĂ©ducation
7046:Article D636-69 du code de lâĂ©ducation
6923:Article D612-34 du code de lâĂ©ducation
6807:Article D672-5 du code de lâĂ©ducation.
6686:
6523:Journal of Popular Education in Africa
6228:Independent Schools Yearbook 2012-2013
6180:Independent Schools Yearbook 2012-2013
5996:
5994:
5641:
5558:
5462:
5396:
5370:
5136:Pontifical Catholic University of Peru
3957:Master's degrees are often graded as:
3859:, one of the founding colleges of the
2629:Diploma accademico di specializzazione
1565:, or MDDr. for dentists and MVDr. for
1175:Electrical and Electronics Engineering
10667:
9688:
9336:
7555:
7064:Article D672-5 du code de lâĂ©ducation
6529:(10): 45â66 – via ResearchGate.
5948:"Advice and Guidance on Degree Fraud"
5499:
4642:Pass (P: overall mark of 50% to 64%);
4452:and some four-year schools, offer an
3898:Lower division or lower second (2:2).
3895:Upper division or upper second (2:1).
3582:1.1 Official and accredited education
2760:
2594:Master universitario di primo livello
2557:from university institutions and the
2520:Diploma accademico di secondo livello
2197:A special kind of examination is the
2097:DiplÎme d'Etat de docteur vétérinaire
2093:DiplÎme d'Etat de docteur en médicine
2038:bachelor universitaire de technologie
1970:Some Diploma of specialized schools (
1937:diplÎme de comptabilité et de gestion
1873:Some diploma of specialized schools (
1853:Ăcole spĂ©ciale militaire de Saint-Cyr
1611:(bachelor's degree = 180 ECTS-points)
1593:was equivalent to a master's degree (
12448:
9122:
9068:
7837:"Russian System of Higher Education"
7815:"RUSSIAN SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION"
7666:"Art. 435 Sr (translated by Google)"
5837:Department of Education and Training
5664:, Cambridge University Press, 1992,
5606:
5003:. Equivalent to a bachelor's degree.
4311:(associate degree, only half of the
4232:Bachelor of Science in Physiotherapy
4079:Second class honours, divided into:
3892:Second class honours, divided into:
3743:
3416:adding citations to reliable sources
3383:
2974:A doctorandus in law uses the title
2793:adding citations to reliable sources
2764:
2518:of university institutions, and the
2481:Diploma dell'Accademia di Belle Arti
2395:at Level 10. These are completed in
1847:Ăcole nationale de l'aviation civile
1312:the traditional two-cycle system of
916:adding citations to reliable sources
887:
345:and others reject Makdisi's theory.
341:and the university degree. However,
9038:Bidwell, Allie (13 February 2015).
9028:
8618:. 28 September 2010. Archived from
7717:"DUO â IB-Groep/Diploma assessment"
7714:More information on legislation on
7497:
6470:National Government of South Africa
5991:
5953:. Higher Education Degree Datacheck
5288:Degrees of the University of Oxford
5144:Congregation for Catholic Education
5069:(High School Graduate of Science),
4621:Categories of honours degrees are:
4580:Australian Qualifications Framework
4574:Australian Qualifications Framework
3847:England, Wales and Northern Ireland
2625:Diploma di perfezionamento o Master
2577:, and gives the academic titles of
2461:Diploma accademico di primo livello
711:Laws on granting and use of degrees
642:). The highest level was "Doctor".
222:Today the terms "master" (from the
24:
9249:"Award of honours and distinction"
8561:"University of Windsor Law School"
7316:"Italian Qualifications Framework"
5328:List of fields of doctoral studies
5186:Baccalaureate in Sacred Theology,
4925:(high school), students receive a
3826:, the Italian-speaking university
2998:was not awarded after 2009 as the
2927:), depending on the area of study.
1831:Diplomas of some Business Schools
1056:Bachelor of Science in Engineering
1048:Bachelor of Science in Engineering
618:had a similar structure: the term
431:Emergence of the bachelor's degree
25:
12530:
9253:Auckland University of Technology
9105:"Higher education qualifications"
9018:"Women surpassing men by degrees"
8489:. Med.ualberta.ca. Archived from
8287:"doctoral degree characteristics"
7646:from the original on 18 July 2010
4863:After this, students, now called
4667:Tertiary education in New Zealand
4230:(which consists of an integrated
3841:
3601:) â 240 ECTS Credits in 4 years.
2894:The "doctorale fase" (3â4 years):
2738:course of study and who can not.
2718:will make it impossible to study
1609:bachelor i <field of study>
1548:
1541:) that covers a 3-to-7-year-long
1290:European Qualifications Framework
1219:European Qualifications Framework
696:
272:Doctor (LL.D., later D.C.L.) and
12491:
12474:
12457:
12429:
11334:Democratic Republic of the Congo
9266:
9241:
9219:
9197:
9175:
9157:
9097:
9062:
9010:
8992:
8970:
8952:
8897:
8828:
8773:
8740:
8707:
8677:
8652:
8626:
8608:
8579:
8553:
8531:
8515:. Md.utoronto.ca. Archived from
8505:
8479:
8465:"Academic credentials in Canada"
8457:
8432:
8366:
8337:
8308:
8278:
8251:
8222:
8197:
8183:
8160:
8138:
8116:
8090:
8060:
8042:
8024:
7952:
7934:
7904:
7348:"Professional titles (licences)"
7115:World Education News and Reviews
6993:Enseignemetsup-recherche.gouv.fr
6967:Enseignemetsup-recherche.gouv.fr
6874:Enseignemetsup-recherche.gouv.fr
6848:Enseignemetsup-recherche.gouv.fr
6822:Enseignemetsup-recherche.gouv.fr
6492:"CBC New Kenya Education System"
6341:"Definition of an Online Degree"
6258:2013-2014 Undergraduate Calendar
5896:The Council for Higher Education
5188:Sacrae Theologiae Baccalaureatus
5134:(UCLouvain) in Belgium, and the
4887:and doctorate degrees, known as
4708:
4377:
4251:a "medical preparatory" year at
4138:
4039:Ancient Universities of Scotland
3747:
3560:Kandidat Nauk of Natural Science
3388:
2769:
2757:is the oldest, founded in 1575.
2641:Diploma di mediatore linguistico
2623:AFAM institutions may offer the
2575:laurea magistralie/specialistica
2561:from AFAM institutions. The old
2192:(university of applied sciences)
1942:diplĂŽme d'Ă©tudes en architecture
1769:diplĂŽme de formation approfondie
1657:tohtorin tutkinto / doktorexamen
1429:'Specialized Bachelor';
1068:Bachelor of Computer Application
892:
863:
795:Ancient universities of Scotland
669:Among educational institutions,
9409:Certificate of Higher Education
8260:Master's degree characteristics
7859:
7829:
7807:
7782:
7764:
7735:
7708:
7690:
7680:
7668:(in Dutch). Translate.google.nl
7658:
7632:
7518:
7502:. Vorige.nrc.nl. Archived from
7491:
7473:
7455:
7340:
7308:
7286:
7264:
7247:"German EQF Referencing Report"
7238:
7177:
7159:
7133:
7103:
7076:
7067:
7058:
7049:
7040:
7006:
6981:
6955:
6926:
6917:
6888:
6862:
6836:
6810:
6801:
6792:
6739:
6714:
6645:
6620:
6598:
6568:"2. DEGREES AND QUALIFICATIONS"
6559:
6533:
6510:
6484:
6458:
6417:
6402:
6351:
6333:
6304:
6275:
6245:
6231:. A&C Black. 20 June 2013.
6219:
6197:
6183:. A&C Black. 20 June 2013.
6171:
6145:
6124:John Carvel (18 October 1999).
6117:
6049:
6022:
5965:
5940:
5910:
5884:
5854:
5825:
5799:
5777:
5752:
5727:
5675:
5652:
5397:Verger, J. (1999). "Licentia".
5193:Licentiate in Sacred Theology,
5063:Certificado de EducaciĂłn BĂĄsica
5011:, graduate degree, requiring a
4928:Licenciatura de Enseñanza Media
4224:physical rehabilitation therapy
2780:needs additional citations for
2653:laurea magistrale/specialistica
2606:laurea magistrale/specialistica
2579:Dottore di Ricerca (Dott. Ric.)
2194:is at bachelor's degree level.
1118:
903:needs additional citations for
757:For member institutions of the
167:was originally reserved by the
131:, "I teach") first appeared in
9040:"Placing a Value on Education"
8984:. 29 July 2009. Archived from
7790:"Overview (table of contents)"
7528:. 26 July 2009. Archived from
7083:C.M.A. Deer (1 January 2002).
6751:Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö
6726:Opetus- ja kulttuuriministeriö
6377:10.1016/j.ijedudev.2020.102290
5924:. 6 March 2017. Archived from
5635:
5600:
5437:
5411:
5200:Doctorate in Sacred Theology,
5120:Catholic University of America
5082:TĂ©cnico Superior Universitario
4776:(specialization and MBAs) and
4660:
4309:técnico superior universitario
4270:(4 to 5 years in duration) or
3779:
3567:Kandidat Nauk of Legal Science
3307:) title â the equivalent of a
3275:) title â the equivalent of a
2658:
2546:and also granted the title of
2522:of AFAM institutions. The old
2050:brevet de technician supérieur
1945:Undergraduate diplomas of the
1496:'Specialized Master';
1215:European Higher Education Area
1072:Master of Computer Application
996:Bangladesh, India and Pakistan
638:could move to study a related
437:medieval European universities
13:
1:
8660:"Structure of U.S. Education"
8563:. Uwindsor.ca. Archived from
7584:. Onzetaal.nl. Archived from
5791:. 4 June 2008. Archived from
5354:
5323:Lisbon Recognition Convention
5240:Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus
5212:Baccalaureate in Philosophy,
5195:Sacrae Theologiae Licentiatus
5088:(engineer) or with the title
4696:at level 7 (bachelor's), and
4531:Licentiate in Sacred Theology
4503:Certificate of Advanced Study
3821:diplĂŽme d'Ă©tudes approfondies
3740:Bologna process § Sweden
3331:) degree â the equivalent of
2951:-like) study is "drs." (e.g.
2526:is mapped to this level. The
1908:diplÎme de formation générale
1279:Lisbon Recognition Convention
27:College or university diploma
9083:10.1080/00091383.2013.842101
7867:"Higher Education in Russia"
7580:Aleid Fokma (16 June 2010).
5238:Baccalaureate in Canon Law,
5202:Sacrae Theologiae Doctoratus
5056:
4757:courses leading to advanced
4713:
4567:
4385:U.S. Department of Education
4054:Scottish secondary education
4011:British degree abbreviations
3188:(instead of the traditional
3000:Universiteiten van Nederland
2695:
2665:Education in the Netherlands
2569:are tied to this level. The
2495:from AFAM institutions. The
2032:Diploma courses such as the
1859:Institut d'Ă©tudes politiques
1785:diplĂŽme d'Ătat de sage-femme
1095:University Grants Commission
1085:
1077:
685:) until 1962. Following the
671:St David's College, Lampeter
173:Third Council of the Lateran
7:
9405:Diploma of Higher Education
8759:National Science Foundation
8726:National Science Foundation
8693:National Science Foundation
8126:. Admin.ch. 1 February 2006
6655:Higher Education in Austria
5260:
5214:Philosophiae Baccalaureatus
5050:centro de formación técnica
4836:
4799:, still award the title of
4056:, where traditionally five
4016:
3920:degree is comparable to an
3788:, the academic degree of a
3666:, without the accompanying
3553:Kandidat Nauk in Literature
2610:Diploma di specializzazione
2583:Diploma di specializzazione
2567:Diploma di specializzazione
2471:from universities, and the
1420:Bachelier de spécialisation
1113:Higher National Certificate
321:issued in medieval Islamic
10:
12535:
11997:Imperial, royal, and noble
10443:First-professional degrees
8938:US Department of Education
8909:US Department of Education
8814:US Department of Education
8785:US Department of Education
8664:US Department of Education
8148:. Crus.ch. 2 February 2012
6291:Cambridge University Press
5699:. In Josef W. Meri (ed.).
5572:. In Josef W. Meri (ed.).
5405:Lexicon of the Middle Ages
5379:Lexicon of the Middle Ages
5247:Juris Canonici Licentiatus
5219:Licentiate in Philosophy,
4717:
4664:
4571:
4562:
4397:first professional degrees
4236:Master of Physical Therapy
4222:Special programs, such as
4166:first professional degrees
3903:Third class honours (3rd).
3889:First class honours (1st).
3836:Master of Advanced Studies
3737:
3638:1.2 Non-official education
2931:For medical students the "
2662:
2618:Diploma di perfezionamento
2443:Quadro dei Titoli Italiani
2410:
2355:
2334:Higher education in Greece
2331:
2102:
2046:Technologist's Certificate
1990:
1957:Ăcole militaire interarmes
1688:
1680:
1633:
1584:
1401:Advanced Bachelor's degree
1351:
1327:the three cycle system of
1299:
1208:
1105:
1064:Bachelor of Dental Surgery
867:
714:
700:
116:
104:Meeting of doctors at the
95:
29:
12404:
12212:
12184:
12081:Imperial, royal and noble
12066:
11977:
11958:
11891:
11780:
11690:
11598:
11516:
11478:
11455:
11372:
11319:
11286:
11201:
11168:
11085:
11074:
10969:
10899:
10780:
10754:
10705:
10595:MD (out of US and Canada)
10523:
10441:
10363:
10345:
10306:
10048:
9802:
9759:
9723:
9649:
9568:
9527:
9520:
9492:
9454:
9445:
9417:
9380:
9371:
8591:
8539:"Osgoode Hall Law School"
8513:"UToronto Medical School"
7702:29 September 2007 at the
7467:universitairebachelors.nl
7167:"MastÚre Spécialisé (MS)"
6517:Amutabi, Maurice (2019).
6088:Calendar Style Guide 2015
6062:Oxford English Dictionary
6035:Oxford English Dictionary
5254:Juris Canonici Doctoratus
5245:Licentiate in Canon Law,
5226:Doctorate in Philosophy,
4724:
4698:postgraduate certificates
4465:first professional degree
4282:
4272:
4257:
4191:
4143:
3733:
3701:Catalonia, Madrid, etc.)
3199:
3136:
3026:Bachelor/master structure
2413:Higher education in Italy
2327:
2247:) degrees as part of the
1827:université Paris-Dauphine
1819:Graduate diplomas of the
1699:
1696:
1693:
1670:
1382:Bachelor-Master-Doctoraat
1374:Bachelier-Master-Doctorat
1281:in national legislation.
1204:
1100:
884:Degree systems by regions
734:Indicating earned degrees
687:Education Reform Act 1988
658:are still awarded by the
479:), together known as the
407:, as well as the ancient
281:degrees. Studies outside
10922:Maiden and married names
7758:24 November 2010 at the
7119:World Education Services
5870:Department for Education
5645:Lexikon des Mittelalters
5532:10.1177/0011392106058837
5400:Lexikon des Mittelalters
5374:Lexikon des Mittelalters
5268:Academic Awards in Spain
5252:Doctorate in Canon Law,
5221:Philosophiae Licentiatus
5071:Bachiller en Humanidades
4914:
4274:Université de Sherbrooke
4003:postgraduate certificate
3611:3. Doctoral degree PhD (
3573:
3546:Kandidat Nauk/Philosophy
3131:prosecutorial discretion
3073:universitair hoofddocent
2978:(master, abbreviated as
2962:for physicians, but not
2473:Diploma di Conservatorio
2406:
2397:institutes of technology
2004:("national degree") and
1651:) and doctoral degrees (
1487:Master de spécialisation
1468:Advanced Master's degree
1387:In the first cycle, the
1288:has been developing the
1163:
1062:(MBBS)), dental degree (
844:, BS/BSc and MS/MSc for
779:Archbishop of Canterbury
660:Archbishop of Canterbury
108:(16th-century miniature)
30:Not to be confused with
12409:Category:Lists of names
9401:Higher National Diploma
8892:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
7498:ANP (28 January 2010).
7485:universitairemasters.nl
6443:10.4038/jula.v24i2.8049
5862:"Recognised UK degrees"
5839:. Australian Government
5807:"Recognised UK degrees"
5298:Educational devaluation
5228:Philosophiae Doctoratus
5158:pontifical universities
5108:Pontifical universities
5103:Pontifical universities
4678:bachelor honours degree
4597:bachelor honours degree
4366:may continue on to the
3678:2. Accreditation system
3313:Bachelor of Engineering
3287:with classification of
2145:business administration
1804:Architect State Diploma
1718:Medical and Paramedical
1044:Bachelor of Engineering
1032:Bachelor of Engineering
990:
822:University of Newcastle
186:licentia ubique docendi
163:. The right to grant a
135:as a license to teach (
11339:Eritrean and Ethiopian
9044:US News Digital Weekly
8593:Université de Montréal
7776:1 October 2011 at the
7441:"Other qualifications"
6319:Trinity College Dublin
6098:. 2015. Archived from
5338:Postgraduate education
5148:apostolic constitution
5049:
5043:
5037:
5027:
5021:
5013:
5007:
4999:
4993:
4985:
4979:
4970:
4960:
4954:
4947:
4939:
4927:
4921:
4907:
4898:
4889:
4883:
4877:
4871:
4865:
4856:
4850:
4844:
4720:Education in Argentina
4278:(4 years in duration).
4259:Université de Montréal
3924:in the United States.
3863:
3658:
3634:
3597:1. Bachelor's Degree (
3367:
3360:
3347:
3340:
3327:
3320:
3303:
3296:
3271:
3264:
3247:
3240:
3214:
1947:Conservatoire de Paris
1821:Conservatoire de Paris
1645:kandidaatti / kandidat
1538:
1530:
1501:
1486:
1434:
1419:
1381:
1373:
1358:communities of Belgium
1261:(ECTS) and the use of
1171:Mechanical Engineering
1036:Bachelor of Technology
1024:Information Technology
664:Peter's Pence Act 1533
533:
489:
109:
12269:GaltonâWatson process
11874:Ancient Tamil country
11296:Australian Aboriginal
9742:, ABA, ABS, AOS, AS,
9508:Candidate of Sciences
9109:Australian Government
8886:13 April 2008 at the
8863:Ethics Opinion 1969-5
8638:Profesionistas.org.mx
8622:on 28 September 2010.
8209:Document-centre.co.uk
7111:"Education in France"
5735:"Degree explanations"
5333:Pontifical university
5132:University of Louvain
5067:Bachiller en Ciencias
5044:instituto profesional
5031:degree or equivalent.
4748:transferĂȘncia interna
4702:postgraduate diplomas
4690:graduate certificates
4655:Doctor of Engineering
4612:graduate certificates
4511:Professional Engineer
4444:Some schools, mostly
3951:Master of Mathematics
3943:Master of Engineering
3857:King's College London
3854:
3656:
3648:estudios no oficiales
3632:
3463:former USSR republics
3309:Master of Engineering
3231:degree (depending on
3035:Using academic titles
2465:Diploma universitario
2205:licensing examination
2007:diplĂŽme universitaire
1647:), Master's degrees (
1567:veterinary physicians
1271:overarching framework
1191:peer-reviewed journal
366:University of Bologna
117:Further information:
103:
12036:Post-nominal letters
11155:Indigenous Taiwanese
9578:Academic certificate
9470:Postgraduate diploma
9145:on 10 September 2016
8988:on 15 November 2010.
8966:on 21 February 2011.
8873:26 June 2008 at the
8841:4 March 2009 at the
7747:14 July 2010 at the
7562:www.rijksoverheid.nl
6345:Solveyourproblem.com
6287:Cambridge Dictionary
6262:University of Guelph
6096:University of Oxford
5764:Facultyoffice.org.uk
5709:. pp. 201â203.
5697:"Degrees, or Ijazah"
5582:. pp. 201â203.
5570:"Degrees, or Ijazah"
5510:Al-Attas, Syed Farid
5171:; the second is the
5162:Sapientia christiana
5151:Sapientia Christiana
4527:Doctor of Psychology
4519:Education Specialist
4435:Doctor of Philosophy
4347:, equivalent to the
4330:After receiving the
4245:undergraduate degree
4112:Master of Philosophy
4007:postgraduate diploma
3995:graduate certificate
3974:Doctoral degrees or
3861:University of London
3817:postgraduate diploma
3624:Master Universitario
3606:Master Universitario
3604:2. Master's Degree (
3504:Finally, there is a
3412:improve this section
3333:Doctor of Philosophy
3257:technical university
3223:; the equivalent of
3143:candidatus/candidata
2986:(engineer, noted as
2789:improve this article
2645:laurea specialistica
2571:Dottorato di ricerca
2563:Dottorato di ricerca
2555:Dottorato di ricerca
2532:laurea specialistica
2516:laurea specialistica
2385:postgraduate diploma
2318:Habilitationsschrift
2023:vocational education
2012:private universities
1898:Licenciate's Diploma
1435:Bachelor-na-bachelor
1391:is issued after 180
912:improve this article
858:Doctor of Philosophy
818:Newcastle University
799:University of London
791:University of Exeter
744:post-nominal letters
691:University of London
571:Doctor of Philosophy
299:Doctor of Philosophy
12396:Surnames by country
12021:Pre-nominal letters
11078:Surnames by country
9725:Associate's degrees
9613:Professional degree
8493:on 14 December 2010
8487:"UA Medical School"
8385:on 18 November 2012
8193:. 15 November 2018.
8078:on 18 December 2016
7922:on 20 December 2019
7892:on 20 December 2019
7282:. pp. 173â174.
7234:. pp. 171â172.
6632:European Commission
6283:"Master of Science"
6205:"Dr Mark Nicholson"
5872:. 15 September 2015
5449:Academicapparel.com
5175:; the third is the
5075:TĂ©cnico en Ciencias
4439:Doctor of Education
4420:Bachelor of Science
4405:research doctorates
4319:(bachelor), then a
4240:Bachelor of Nursing
4196:In the province of
4090:Third class honours
4085:Division two (2:2)
4082:Division one (2:1)
4076:First class honours
4043:Bachelor of Science
3373:president of Poland
3341:doktor habilitowany
3229:Bachelor of Science
3219:title â given by a
3105:'s title, noted as
3084:associate professor
3069:assistant professor
3058:universitair docent
2880:Bachelor of Science
2419:Diploma di MaturitĂ
2284:honorary doctorates
2222:Vorbereitungsdienst
2083:(second level) and
1928:Nurse State Diploma
1739:Veterinary Science
1649:maisteri / magister
1581:that were awarded.
1273:. In 38 countries,
1263:Diploma Supplements
1229:Bologna Declaration
789:and 'Exon' for the
683:University of Keele
604:secondary education
501:would earn one the
393:University of Paris
353:, license to teach
331:Syed Farid al-Attas
315:theorizes that the
247:Medieval university
182:University of Paris
119:Licentiate (degree)
106:University of Paris
12259:Endonym and exonym
12202:Calendar of saints
12185:Related traditions
11959:Manners of address
11321:Sub-Saharan Africa
10742:Nobiliary particle
10365:Engineer's degrees
10347:Specialist degrees
9804:Bachelor's degrees
9761:Foundation degrees
9540:Doctor of Sciences
8852:2016-03-08 at the
8640:. 13 February 2014
8440:"Bachelors Degree"
7794:Retsinformation.dk
7328:on 10 October 2016
7273:"Higher education"
7225:"Higher education"
7121:. 8 September 2015
6682:on 11 August 2007.
6547:on 18 October 2010
5898:. 14 November 2017
5813:. 11 December 2012
5512:(1 January 2006).
5273:Academic Inflation
4948:Titulo profesional
4684:(level 9) and the
4523:Doctor of Ministry
4515:specialist degrees
4450:community colleges
4393:bachelor's degrees
4116:Master of Research
3936:postgraduate study
3864:
3759:. You can help by
3659:
3635:
3615:) â in 3â4 years.
3351:) degree â Polish
3190:doctor philosophiĂŠ
3186:philosophiĂŠ doctor
2876:fase" (1â2 years):
2761:Pre-Bologna phases
2749:and all others in
2743:Dutch universities
2675:Tweefasenstructuur
2548:dottore magistrale
2536:dottore magistrale
2369:higher certificate
2089:engineer's degrees
2059:mastÚre spécialisé
1702:Ăcoles supĂ©rieures
1339:as defined by the
854:Doctor of Medicine
820:in the UK and the
810:University of York
787:University of York
293:were then called "
110:
75:engineer's degrees
12417:
12416:
12345:Personal identity
12180:
12179:
11887:
11886:
11828:
11776:
11775:
11737:
11730:
11723:
11681:
11662:
11655:
11648:
11641:
11589:
11560:
11553:
11546:
11539:
11441:
11434:
11129:
11122:
11115:
11108:
10900:By life situation
10853:
10661:
10660:
9682:
9681:
9678:
9677:
9632:Specialist degree
9516:
9515:
9484:Engineer's degree
9441:
9440:
9428:Bachelor's degree
9396:Foundation degree
8685:"Technical Notes"
6584:978-92-9201-847-4
6159:. 23 January 2012
6105:on 20 August 2018
6009:Massey University
5977:Massey University
5760:"Lambeth Degrees"
5519:Current Sociology
5425:. 6 February 2014
5419:"Academic Degree"
5038:carreras técnicas
4919:After completing
4875:(technicians) or
4869:(professionals),
4694:graduate diplomas
4674:bachelor's degree
4616:graduate diplomas
4507:Graduate Diplomas
4428:Master of Science
4389:associate degrees
4323:(master), then a
4253:McGill University
4159:associate degrees
4108:Master of Science
4104:Master of Letters
3947:Master of Physics
3945:for engineering,
3917:foundation degree
3876:bachelor's degree
3832:Nachdiplomstudium
3777:
3776:
3478:specialist degree
3471:bachelor's degree
3448:
3447:
3440:
3297:magister inĆŒynier
3285:bachelor's degree
3281:Master of Science
3253:Engineer's degree
3178:civil engineering
3150:Kvalitetsreformen
3004:Leiden University
2953:drs. Jansen, arts
2917:Master of Science
2865:
2864:
2857:
2839:
2804:"Academic degree"
2755:Leiden University
2581:and PhD. The old
2540:Diploma di laurea
2528:Laurea magistrale
2524:Diploma di laurea
2512:laurea magistrale
2431:liceo linguistico
2427:liceo scientifico
2373:ordinary bachelor
2149:political science
1998:
1997:
1835:Engineer's degree
1765:
1689:Doctoral Diploma
1510:
1495:
1443:
1428:
1389:Bachelor's degree
1362:Bologna structure
988:
987:
980:
962:
927:"Academic degree"
877:distance learning
850:Master of Science
834:Master of Surgery
830:Master of Science
785:, 'Ebor' for the
783:Durham University
740:pre-nominal title
634:, from where the
505:degree, from the
63:bachelor's degree
16:(Redirected from
12526:
12519:Academic degrees
12504:
12496:
12495:
12494:
12487:
12479:
12478:
12477:
12470:
12462:
12461:
12460:
12450:
12434:
12433:
12425:
12230:Anthropomorphism
11975:
11974:
11923:Buddhist surname
11824:
11733:
11726:
11719:
11679:Hispanic America
11677:
11658:
11651:
11644:
11637:
11585:
11556:
11549:
11544:African-American
11542:
11535:
11453:
11452:
11437:
11430:
11401:Ashkenazi Jewish
11206:and Western Asia
11171:and Central Asia
11125:
11118:
11111:
11104:
11083:
11082:
10944:Placeholder name
10849:
10793:Double-barrelled
10688:
10681:
10674:
10665:
10664:
10525:Doctoral degrees
10050:Master's degrees
9717:academic degrees
9709:
9702:
9695:
9686:
9685:
9618:Graduate diploma
9535:Higher doctorate
9525:
9524:
9452:
9451:
9391:Associate degree
9378:
9377:
9357:
9350:
9343:
9334:
9333:
9327:
9326:
9324:
9322:
9308:
9302:
9301:
9299:
9297:
9283:
9274:
9270:
9264:
9263:
9261:
9259:
9245:
9239:
9238:
9236:
9234:
9223:
9217:
9216:
9214:
9212:
9201:
9195:
9194:
9192:
9190:
9179:
9173:
9172:
9161:
9155:
9154:
9152:
9150:
9144:
9137:
9129:
9120:
9119:
9117:
9115:
9101:
9095:
9094:
9066:
9060:
9059:
9057:
9055:
9035:
9026:
9025:
9024:. 27 April 2011.
9014:
9008:
9007:
9006:. 26 April 2011.
8996:
8990:
8989:
8982:Dailyemerald.com
8974:
8968:
8967:
8962:. Archived from
8956:
8950:
8949:
8947:
8945:
8930:
8921:
8920:
8918:
8916:
8901:
8895:
8832:
8826:
8825:
8823:
8821:
8806:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8792:
8777:
8771:
8770:
8768:
8766:
8752:
8744:
8738:
8737:
8735:
8733:
8719:
8711:
8705:
8704:
8702:
8700:
8681:
8675:
8674:
8672:
8670:
8656:
8650:
8649:
8647:
8645:
8630:
8624:
8623:
8612:
8606:
8605:
8603:
8601:
8596:
8595:
8583:
8577:
8576:
8574:
8572:
8557:
8551:
8550:
8548:
8546:
8535:
8529:
8528:
8526:
8524:
8509:
8503:
8502:
8500:
8498:
8483:
8477:
8476:
8474:
8472:
8461:
8455:
8454:
8452:
8450:
8436:
8430:
8429:
8427:
8425:
8411:
8403:
8394:
8393:
8392:
8390:
8381:, archived from
8370:
8364:
8363:
8362:
8360:
8355:on 12 March 2014
8351:, archived from
8341:
8335:
8334:
8333:
8331:
8326:on 20 March 2014
8322:, archived from
8312:
8306:
8305:
8304:
8302:
8297:on 12 March 2014
8293:, archived from
8282:
8276:
8275:
8274:
8272:
8267:on 12 March 2014
8263:, archived from
8255:
8249:
8248:
8247:
8245:
8240:on 12 March 2014
8236:, archived from
8226:
8220:
8219:
8217:
8215:
8201:
8195:
8194:
8187:
8181:
8180:
8179:
8177:
8164:
8158:
8157:
8155:
8153:
8142:
8136:
8135:
8133:
8131:
8120:
8114:
8113:
8111:
8109:
8104:. 25 August 2009
8094:
8088:
8087:
8085:
8083:
8074:. Archived from
8064:
8058:
8057:
8046:
8040:
8039:
8028:
8022:
8021:
8019:
8017:
8008:. Archived from
8002:
7989:
7988:
7977:
7968:
7967:
7956:
7950:
7949:
7938:
7932:
7931:
7929:
7927:
7918:. Archived from
7908:
7902:
7901:
7899:
7897:
7888:. Archived from
7881:
7875:
7874:
7863:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7852:
7843:. Archived from
7833:
7827:
7826:
7825:on 13 July 2014.
7821:. Archived from
7811:
7805:
7804:
7802:
7800:
7786:
7780:
7768:
7762:
7739:
7733:
7732:
7730:
7728:
7719:. Archived from
7712:
7706:
7694:
7688:
7684:
7678:
7677:
7675:
7673:
7662:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7651:
7636:
7630:
7629:
7627:
7625:
7619:
7612:
7604:
7598:
7597:
7595:
7593:
7588:on 8 August 2011
7577:
7566:
7565:
7553:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7537:
7522:
7516:
7515:
7513:
7511:
7495:
7489:
7488:
7477:
7471:
7470:
7459:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7448:
7437:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7423:
7412:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7388:
7377:
7360:
7359:
7357:
7355:
7344:
7338:
7337:
7335:
7333:
7327:
7320:
7312:
7306:
7305:
7303:
7301:
7290:
7284:
7283:
7277:
7268:
7262:
7261:
7259:
7257:
7251:
7242:
7236:
7235:
7229:
7220:
7211:
7210:
7208:
7206:
7200:
7194:. Archived from
7189:
7181:
7175:
7174:
7163:
7157:
7156:
7154:
7152:
7146:
7137:
7131:
7130:
7128:
7126:
7107:
7101:
7100:
7080:
7074:
7071:
7065:
7062:
7056:
7053:
7047:
7044:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7033:
7019:
7013:
7010:
7004:
7003:
7001:
6999:
6985:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6974:
6959:
6953:
6952:
6950:
6948:
6938:
6930:
6924:
6921:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6910:
6900:
6892:
6886:
6885:
6883:
6881:
6866:
6860:
6859:
6857:
6855:
6840:
6834:
6833:
6831:
6829:
6814:
6808:
6805:
6799:
6796:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6785:
6771:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6757:
6743:
6737:
6736:
6734:
6732:
6718:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6707:
6693:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6675:. Archived from
6661:(2nd ed.).
6660:
6649:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6638:
6624:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6613:
6602:
6596:
6595:
6593:
6591:
6572:
6563:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6552:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6514:
6508:
6507:
6505:
6503:
6488:
6482:
6481:
6479:
6477:
6462:
6456:
6455:
6445:
6421:
6415:
6414:
6406:
6400:
6399:
6389:
6379:
6355:
6349:
6348:
6337:
6331:
6330:
6328:
6326:
6321:. pp. 17â42
6316:
6308:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6297:
6279:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6268:
6249:
6243:
6242:
6223:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6212:
6201:
6195:
6194:
6175:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6149:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6138:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6104:
6093:
6083:
6074:
6073:
6071:
6069:
6053:
6047:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6026:
6020:
6019:
6017:
6015:
6006:
5998:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5984:
5969:
5963:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5952:
5944:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5933:
5914:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5903:
5888:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5858:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5844:
5829:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5818:
5803:
5797:
5796:
5795:on 14 July 2014.
5781:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5756:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5745:
5731:
5725:
5724:
5693:Devin J. Stewart
5689:
5683:
5679:
5673:
5656:
5650:
5649:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5604:
5598:
5597:
5566:Devin J. Stewart
5562:
5556:
5555:
5506:
5497:
5496:
5466:
5460:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5441:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5423:K12academics.com
5415:
5409:
5408:
5394:
5383:
5382:
5368:
5308:Higher education
5283:Ad eundem degree
5052:
5046:
5040:
5030:
5024:
5016:
5010:
5002:
4996:
4988:
4982:
4973:
4963:
4957:
4950:
4942:
4930:
4924:
4910:
4901:
4892:
4886:
4880:
4874:
4868:
4859:
4853:
4847:
4809:
4763:natural sciences
4585:associate degree
4454:associate degree
4416:Bachelor of Arts
4401:master's degrees
4277:
4276:
4268:Université Laval
4262:
4261:
4066:Advanced Highers
4031:Bachelor of Arts
3999:graduate diploma
3932:Master's degrees
3922:associate degree
3880:Bachelor of Laws
3772:
3769:
3751:
3744:
3443:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3423:
3392:
3384:
3370:
3363:
3350:
3343:
3330:
3323:
3306:
3299:
3274:
3267:
3250:
3243:
3225:Bachelor of Arts
3217:
3111:professor Jansen
3096:
3081:
3066:
2906:
2898:doctoraal examen
2888:Bachelor of Laws
2884:Bachelor of Arts
2860:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2797:
2773:
2765:
2683:
2435:istituto tecnico
2393:higher doctorate
2137:natural sciences
2075:. These are the
2002:diplĂŽme national
1825:Diplomas of the
1763:
1748:Master's Diploma
1675:
1674:
1564:
1524:
1505:
1502:Master-na-master
1490:
1480:
1461:
1453:Master's degrees
1438:
1423:
1413:
1320:followed by the
1294:higher education
1284:Since 2008, the
1227:in 1997 and the
1187:scientific paper
1028:computer science
983:
976:
972:
969:
963:
961:
920:
896:
888:
781:), 'Dunelm' for
777:(awarded by the
536:
492:
485:Bachelor of Arts
411:universities of
399:universities of
347:Devin J. Stewart
335:Devin J. Stewart
327:Alfred Guillaume
254:doctoral degrees
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
165:licentia docendi
141:licentia docendi
79:master's degrees
43:higher education
21:
18:Academic degrees
12534:
12533:
12529:
12528:
12527:
12525:
12524:
12523:
12509:
12508:
12507:
12497:
12492:
12490:
12480:
12475:
12473:
12463:
12458:
12456:
12453:
12449:sister projects
12446:at Knowledge's
12444:Academic degree
12440:
12428:
12420:
12418:
12413:
12400:
12235:Personification
12208:
12176:
12062:
11964:
11960:
11954:
11950:Theophoric name
11883:
11788:
11772:
11686:
11594:
11512:
11474:
11451:
11380:
11368:
11315:
11282:
11205:
11197:
11170:
11164:
11076:
11070:
10965:
10932:Posthumous name
10895:
10776:
10750:
10701:
10692:
10662:
10657:
10519:
10437:
10359:
10341:
10302:
10044:
9798:
9755:
9719:
9713:
9683:
9674:
9657:Honorary degree
9645:
9641:Terminal degree
9603:Magister degree
9588:External degree
9570:
9564:
9512:
9488:
9465:Master's degree
9437:
9413:
9367:
9365:academic degree
9361:
9331:
9330:
9320:
9318:
9310:
9309:
9305:
9295:
9293:
9285:
9284:
9277:
9271:
9267:
9257:
9255:
9247:
9246:
9242:
9232:
9230:
9225:
9224:
9220:
9210:
9208:
9203:
9202:
9198:
9188:
9186:
9181:
9180:
9176:
9163:
9162:
9158:
9148:
9146:
9142:
9135:
9131:
9130:
9123:
9113:
9111:
9103:
9102:
9098:
9067:
9063:
9053:
9051:
9036:
9029:
9016:
9015:
9011:
8998:
8997:
8993:
8976:
8975:
8971:
8958:
8957:
8953:
8943:
8941:
8940:. February 2008
8932:
8931:
8924:
8914:
8912:
8911:. February 2008
8903:
8902:
8898:
8888:Wayback Machine
8875:Wayback Machine
8854:Wayback Machine
8843:Wayback Machine
8833:
8829:
8819:
8817:
8816:. February 2008
8808:
8807:
8800:
8790:
8788:
8787:. February 2008
8779:
8778:
8774:
8764:
8762:
8761:. December 2015
8750:
8746:
8745:
8741:
8731:
8729:
8728:. December 2015
8717:
8713:
8712:
8708:
8698:
8696:
8695:. December 2015
8683:
8682:
8678:
8668:
8666:
8658:
8657:
8653:
8643:
8641:
8632:
8631:
8627:
8614:
8613:
8609:
8599:
8597:
8585:
8584:
8580:
8570:
8568:
8567:on 12 June 2011
8559:
8558:
8554:
8544:
8542:
8537:
8536:
8532:
8522:
8520:
8519:on 18 June 2010
8511:
8510:
8506:
8496:
8494:
8485:
8484:
8480:
8470:
8468:
8463:
8462:
8458:
8448:
8446:
8444:York University
8438:
8437:
8433:
8423:
8421:
8409:
8405:
8404:
8397:
8388:
8386:
8371:
8367:
8358:
8356:
8343:
8342:
8338:
8329:
8327:
8314:
8313:
8309:
8300:
8298:
8283:
8279:
8270:
8268:
8257:
8256:
8252:
8243:
8241:
8228:
8227:
8223:
8213:
8211:
8203:
8202:
8198:
8189:
8188:
8184:
8175:
8173:
8165:
8161:
8151:
8149:
8144:
8143:
8139:
8129:
8127:
8122:
8121:
8117:
8107:
8105:
8096:
8095:
8091:
8081:
8079:
8066:
8065:
8061:
8048:
8047:
8043:
8030:
8029:
8025:
8015:
8013:
8012:on 14 July 2013
8004:
8003:
7992:
7979:
7978:
7971:
7958:
7957:
7953:
7940:
7939:
7935:
7925:
7923:
7910:
7909:
7905:
7895:
7893:
7882:
7878:
7865:
7864:
7860:
7850:
7848:
7847:on 14 July 2014
7835:
7834:
7830:
7813:
7812:
7808:
7798:
7796:
7788:
7787:
7783:
7778:Wayback Machine
7769:
7765:
7760:Wayback Machine
7749:Wayback Machine
7740:
7736:
7726:
7724:
7723:on 19 July 2011
7715:
7713:
7709:
7704:Wayback Machine
7695:
7691:
7685:
7681:
7671:
7669:
7664:
7663:
7659:
7649:
7647:
7638:
7637:
7633:
7623:
7621:
7617:
7610:
7606:
7605:
7601:
7591:
7589:
7578:
7569:
7554:
7545:
7535:
7533:
7532:on 26 July 2009
7524:
7523:
7519:
7509:
7507:
7496:
7492:
7479:
7478:
7474:
7461:
7460:
7456:
7446:
7444:
7439:
7438:
7431:
7421:
7419:
7414:
7413:
7396:
7386:
7384:
7379:
7378:
7363:
7353:
7351:
7346:
7345:
7341:
7331:
7329:
7325:
7318:
7314:
7313:
7309:
7299:
7297:
7292:
7291:
7287:
7275:
7269:
7265:
7255:
7253:
7249:
7243:
7239:
7227:
7221:
7214:
7204:
7202:
7201:on 7 March 2016
7198:
7187:
7183:
7182:
7178:
7165:
7164:
7160:
7150:
7148:
7144:
7138:
7134:
7124:
7122:
7109:
7108:
7104:
7097:
7081:
7077:
7072:
7068:
7063:
7059:
7054:
7050:
7045:
7041:
7031:
7029:
7021:
7020:
7016:
7011:
7007:
6997:
6995:
6987:
6986:
6982:
6972:
6970:
6961:
6960:
6956:
6946:
6944:
6936:
6932:
6931:
6927:
6922:
6918:
6908:
6906:
6898:
6894:
6893:
6889:
6879:
6877:
6868:
6867:
6863:
6853:
6851:
6842:
6841:
6837:
6827:
6825:
6816:
6815:
6811:
6806:
6802:
6797:
6793:
6783:
6781:
6773:
6772:
6765:
6755:
6753:
6745:
6744:
6740:
6730:
6728:
6720:
6719:
6715:
6705:
6703:
6695:
6694:
6687:
6679:
6673:
6658:
6650:
6646:
6636:
6634:
6626:
6625:
6621:
6611:
6609:
6604:
6603:
6599:
6589:
6587:
6585:
6570:
6564:
6560:
6550:
6548:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6515:
6511:
6501:
6499:
6490:
6489:
6485:
6475:
6473:
6464:
6463:
6459:
6422:
6418:
6407:
6403:
6356:
6352:
6339:
6338:
6334:
6324:
6322:
6314:
6310:
6309:
6305:
6295:
6293:
6281:
6280:
6276:
6266:
6264:
6252:
6250:
6246:
6239:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6210:
6208:
6203:
6202:
6198:
6191:
6177:
6176:
6172:
6162:
6160:
6151:
6150:
6146:
6136:
6134:
6122:
6118:
6108:
6106:
6102:
6091:
6085:
6084:
6077:
6067:
6065:
6055:
6054:
6050:
6040:
6038:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6013:
6011:
6004:
6000:
5999:
5992:
5982:
5980:
5971:
5970:
5966:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5945:
5941:
5931:
5929:
5928:on 6 March 2017
5922:Plymouth Herald
5916:
5915:
5911:
5901:
5899:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5875:
5873:
5860:
5859:
5855:
5842:
5840:
5831:
5830:
5826:
5816:
5814:
5805:
5804:
5800:
5783:
5782:
5778:
5768:
5766:
5758:
5757:
5753:
5743:
5741:
5733:
5732:
5728:
5717:
5690:
5686:
5680:
5676:
5657:
5653:
5640:
5636:
5622:
5605:
5601:
5590:
5563:
5559:
5507:
5500:
5480:(2): 175â182 ,
5470:Makdisi, George
5467:
5463:
5453:
5451:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5428:
5426:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5395:
5386:
5369:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5313:Honorary degree
5303:External degree
5263:
5130:, in Rome; the
5105:
5059:
4971:grado académico
4955:grado académico
4940:Grado académico
4922:enseñanza media
4917:
4899:especializaciĂłn
4839:
4803:
4727:
4722:
4716:
4711:
4686:doctoral degree
4682:master's degree
4669:
4663:
4607:doctoral degree
4591:bachelor degree
4576:
4570:
4565:
4552:
4543:
4446:junior colleges
4380:
4351:. Study at the
4349:master's degree
4285:
4208:college diploma
4194:
4155:honours degrees
4146:
4141:
4019:
3910:Open University
3849:
3844:
3810:doctoral degree
3806:master's degree
3786:Bologna Process
3782:
3773:
3767:
3764:
3757:needs expansion
3742:
3736:
3576:
3490:master's degree
3461:and some other
3444:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3409:
3393:
3382:
3202:
3139:
3090:
3075:
3060:
3037:
3028:
2900:
2861:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2798:
2796:
2786:
2774:
2763:
2736:numerus clausus
2732:numerus clausus
2698:
2690:Bologna process
2677:
2667:
2661:
2447:Bologna Process
2415:
2409:
2389:doctoral degree
2381:master's degree
2371:at Level 6; An
2358:
2336:
2330:
2293:medical doctors
2282:doctorates and
2249:Bologna process
2173:Bologna process
2115:social sciences
2105:
2079:(first level),
2027:Bologna Process
1955:Diploma of the
1944:
1929:
1927:
1851:Diploma of the
1837:
1830:
1829:
1818:
1814:
1810:Diploma of the
1809:
1805:
1788:
1787:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1673:
1636:
1587:
1559:(equivalent to
1558:
1551:
1518:
1470:
1455:
1403:
1354:
1341:Bologna process
1302:
1233:Bologna Process
1221:
1211:Bologna process
1209:Main articles:
1207:
1166:
1121:
1108:
1103:
1088:
1080:
998:
993:
984:
973:
967:
964:
921:
919:
909:
897:
886:
872:
866:
814:York University
775:Lambeth degrees
736:
719:
713:
705:
699:
656:Lambeth degrees
648:
567:master's degree
543:
433:
349:finds that the
264:Doctor (D.D.),
242:
239:
236:
233:
217:master's degree
133:medieval Europe
123:The doctorate (
121:
115:
98:
90:honours degrees
45:, usually at a
39:academic degree
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12532:
12522:
12521:
12506:
12505:
12488:
12486:from Wikiquote
12471:
12442:
12439:
12438:
12415:
12414:
12412:
12411:
12405:
12402:
12401:
12399:
12398:
12393:
12392:
12391:
12386:
12381:
12376:
12375:
12374:
12359:
12354:
12353:
12352:
12342:
12335:
12330:
12325:
12318:
12313:
12308:
12303:
12302:
12301:
12296:
12291:
12283:
12282:
12281:
12271:
12266:
12261:
12256:
12251:
12246:
12245:
12244:
12243:
12242:
12227:
12222:
12216:
12214:
12210:
12209:
12207:
12206:
12205:
12204:
12194:
12188:
12186:
12182:
12181:
12178:
12177:
12175:
12174:
12173:
12172:
12167:
12165:Ecclesiastical
12157:
12152:
12147:
12142:
12141:
12140:
12135:
12125:
12120:
12115:
12114:
12113:
12108:
12103:
12098:
12093:
12088:
12078:
12072:
12070:
12064:
12063:
12061:
12060:
12059:
12058:
12057:
12056:
12043:
12033:
12023:
12018:
12017:
12016:
12015:
12014:
12012:Ecclesiastical
12004:
11999:
11994:
11983:
11981:
11972:
11956:
11955:
11953:
11952:
11947:
11942:
11941:
11940:
11930:
11925:
11920:
11919:
11918:
11913:
11908:
11901:Christian name
11897:
11895:
11889:
11888:
11885:
11884:
11882:
11881:
11876:
11871:
11866:
11861:
11856:
11851:
11846:
11841:
11836:
11831:
11830:
11829:
11817:
11812:
11807:
11802:
11796:
11794:
11791:Southeast Asia
11778:
11777:
11774:
11773:
11771:
11770:
11765:
11760:
11755:
11750:
11745:
11740:
11739:
11738:
11731:
11724:
11715:Eastern Slavic
11712:
11707:
11702:
11696:
11694:
11688:
11687:
11685:
11684:
11683:
11682:
11670:
11665:
11664:
11663:
11656:
11649:
11642:
11630:
11625:
11620:
11615:
11610:
11604:
11602:
11596:
11595:
11593:
11592:
11591:
11590:
11578:
11573:
11568:
11563:
11562:
11561:
11554:
11547:
11540:
11528:
11522:
11520:
11514:
11513:
11511:
11510:
11505:
11500:
11495:
11490:
11484:
11482:
11476:
11475:
11473:
11472:
11467:
11461:
11459:
11450:
11449:
11444:
11443:
11442:
11435:
11423:
11418:
11413:
11408:
11403:
11398:
11393:
11387:
11385:
11370:
11369:
11367:
11366:
11361:
11356:
11351:
11346:
11341:
11336:
11331:
11325:
11323:
11317:
11316:
11314:
11313:
11308:
11303:
11298:
11292:
11290:
11284:
11283:
11281:
11280:
11275:
11270:
11265:
11260:
11255:
11250:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11230:
11225:
11220:
11215:
11209:
11207:
11199:
11198:
11196:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11180:
11174:
11172:
11166:
11165:
11163:
11162:
11157:
11152:
11147:
11142:
11137:
11132:
11131:
11130:
11123:
11116:
11109:
11097:
11091:
11089:
11080:
11072:
11071:
11069:
11068:
11063:
11062:
11061:
11056:
11046:
11039:
11034:
11033:
11032:
11022:
11015:
11014:
11013:
11008:
11003:
10993:
10986:
10980:
10978:
10967:
10966:
10964:
10963:
10958:
10953:
10952:
10951:
10941:
10940:
10939:
10934:
10924:
10919:
10914:
10909:
10903:
10901:
10897:
10896:
10894:
10893:
10888:
10883:
10878:
10877:
10876:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10855:
10854:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10816:
10815:
10810:
10805:
10795:
10790:
10784:
10782:
10778:
10777:
10775:
10774:
10769:
10764:
10758:
10756:
10752:
10751:
10749:
10748:
10747:
10746:
10745:
10744:
10734:
10720:
10715:
10709:
10707:
10703:
10702:
10695:Personal names
10691:
10690:
10683:
10676:
10668:
10659:
10658:
10647:JSD, SJD, JuDr
10529:
10527:
10521:
10520:
10447:
10445:
10439:
10438:
10369:
10367:
10361:
10360:
10351:
10349:
10343:
10342:
10313:
10311:
10304:
10303:
10228:MTheol/ThM/MTh
10054:
10052:
10046:
10045:
9808:
9806:
9800:
9799:
9770:
9768:
9757:
9756:
9734:
9732:
9721:
9720:
9712:
9711:
9704:
9697:
9689:
9680:
9679:
9676:
9675:
9673:
9672:
9667:
9659:
9653:
9651:
9647:
9646:
9644:
9643:
9638:
9629:
9627:Higher diploma
9624:
9615:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9585:
9583:Artist diploma
9580:
9574:
9572:
9571:classification
9566:
9565:
9563:
9562:
9557:
9552:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9531:
9529:
9522:
9518:
9517:
9514:
9513:
9511:
9510:
9505:
9499:
9497:
9490:
9489:
9487:
9486:
9481:
9476:
9467:
9461:
9459:
9449:
9443:
9442:
9439:
9438:
9436:
9435:
9433:Honours degree
9430:
9424:
9422:
9415:
9414:
9412:
9411:
9398:
9393:
9387:
9385:
9375:
9369:
9368:
9360:
9359:
9352:
9345:
9337:
9329:
9328:
9303:
9275:
9265:
9240:
9218:
9196:
9174:
9156:
9121:
9096:
9061:
9027:
9009:
8991:
8969:
8951:
8922:
8896:
8827:
8798:
8772:
8739:
8706:
8676:
8651:
8625:
8607:
8578:
8552:
8530:
8504:
8478:
8456:
8431:
8420:. pp. 2â7
8395:
8365:
8336:
8307:
8277:
8250:
8221:
8196:
8182:
8159:
8137:
8115:
8089:
8059:
8041:
8023:
7990:
7969:
7951:
7933:
7903:
7876:
7858:
7828:
7806:
7781:
7763:
7734:
7707:
7689:
7679:
7657:
7631:
7620:on 7 June 2011
7599:
7567:
7543:
7517:
7506:on 17 May 2013
7490:
7472:
7454:
7429:
7394:
7361:
7339:
7307:
7285:
7263:
7237:
7212:
7176:
7158:
7132:
7102:
7095:
7075:
7066:
7057:
7048:
7039:
7014:
7005:
6980:
6954:
6925:
6916:
6887:
6861:
6835:
6809:
6800:
6791:
6763:
6738:
6713:
6685:
6671:
6644:
6619:
6597:
6583:
6558:
6532:
6509:
6498:. 4 April 2021
6496:NexxusHub Blog
6483:
6457:
6436:(2): 120â137.
6416:
6401:
6350:
6332:
6303:
6274:
6244:
6237:
6218:
6196:
6189:
6170:
6157:Times of Malta
6144:
6116:
6075:
6048:
6021:
5990:
5964:
5939:
5909:
5883:
5853:
5824:
5798:
5776:
5751:
5726:
5715:
5684:
5674:
5651:
5634:
5621:978-0521529945
5620:
5599:
5588:
5557:
5526:(1): 112â132.
5498:
5486:10.2307/604423
5461:
5436:
5410:
5384:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5318:Lambeth degree
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5278:Academic stole
5275:
5270:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5232:
5231:
5224:
5217:
5206:
5205:
5198:
5191:
5142:, through the
5104:
5101:
5058:
5055:
5033:
5032:
5018:
5004:
4990:
4966:
4965:
4944:
4916:
4913:
4838:
4835:
4823:Livre-DocĂȘncia
4726:
4723:
4718:Main article:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4665:Main article:
4662:
4659:
4647:
4646:
4643:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4572:Main article:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4551:
4548:
4542:
4539:
4424:Master of Arts
4379:
4376:
4338:(similar to a
4299:), similar to
4284:
4281:
4280:
4279:
4264:
4213:Dawson College
4193:
4190:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4096:Special Degree
4092:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4077:
4035:Master of Arts
4018:
4015:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3890:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3842:United Kingdom
3840:
3781:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3754:
3752:
3735:
3732:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3474:
3446:
3445:
3396:
3394:
3387:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3356:
3336:
3316:
3292:
3289:Honours Degree
3277:Master of Arts
3260:
3236:
3233:academic major
3201:
3198:
3138:
3135:
3036:
3033:
3027:
3024:
2937:Medical Doctor
2929:
2928:
2925:Master of Laws
2921:Master of Arts
2891:
2874:propedeutische
2863:
2862:
2777:
2775:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2727:limited access
2697:
2694:
2660:
2657:
2423:liceo classico
2408:
2405:
2387:at Level 9; A
2379:at Level 8; A
2377:higher diploma
2357:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2329:
2326:
2190:Fachhochschule
2135:degree in the
2104:
2101:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1988:Baccalaureate
1985:
1984:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1939:
1934:
1933:State Diploma
1905:
1895:
1888:
1887:
1866:
1861:
1857:Diploma of an
1855:
1849:
1832:
1823:
1802:
1797:
1766:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1736:Public Affairs
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1708:Grandes Ă©coles
1698:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1586:
1583:
1550:
1549:Czech Republic
1547:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1325:
1301:
1298:
1286:European Union
1206:
1203:
1165:
1162:
1120:
1117:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1087:
1084:
1079:
1076:
997:
994:
992:
989:
986:
985:
900:
898:
891:
885:
882:
868:Main article:
865:
862:
842:Master of Arts
812:in the UK and
735:
732:
712:
709:
703:Academic dress
701:Main article:
698:
697:Academic dress
695:
647:
644:
632:"diplomaturas"
624:"Bachillerato"
610:, much as the
583:Master of Arts
542:
539:
503:Master of Arts
432:
429:
351:ijazat al-ifta
313:George Makdisi
209:apprenticeship
153:church fathers
114:
111:
97:
94:
32:Academic ranks
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12531:
12520:
12517:
12516:
12514:
12503:from Wikidata
12502:
12501:
12489:
12485:
12484:
12472:
12468:
12467:
12455:
12454:
12451:
12445:
12437:
12432:
12427:
12426:
12423:
12410:
12407:
12406:
12403:
12397:
12394:
12390:
12387:
12385:
12382:
12380:
12377:
12373:
12370:
12369:
12368:
12365:
12364:
12363:
12360:
12358:
12355:
12351:
12348:
12347:
12346:
12343:
12341:
12340:
12336:
12334:
12331:
12329:
12326:
12324:
12323:
12319:
12317:
12314:
12312:
12309:
12307:
12304:
12300:
12297:
12295:
12292:
12290:
12287:
12286:
12284:
12280:
12277:
12276:
12275:
12272:
12270:
12267:
12265:
12262:
12260:
12257:
12255:
12252:
12250:
12247:
12241:
12238:
12237:
12236:
12233:
12232:
12231:
12228:
12226:
12223:
12221:
12218:
12217:
12215:
12211:
12203:
12200:
12199:
12198:
12195:
12193:
12190:
12189:
12187:
12183:
12171:
12168:
12166:
12163:
12162:
12161:
12158:
12156:
12153:
12151:
12148:
12146:
12143:
12139:
12136:
12134:
12131:
12130:
12129:
12126:
12124:
12121:
12119:
12116:
12112:
12109:
12107:
12104:
12102:
12099:
12097:
12094:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12083:
12082:
12079:
12077:
12074:
12073:
12071:
12069:
12065:
12055:
12051:
12047:
12044:
12042:
12039:
12038:
12037:
12034:
12032:
12029:
12028:
12027:
12024:
12022:
12019:
12013:
12010:
12009:
12008:
12005:
12003:
12000:
11998:
11995:
11993:
11990:
11989:
11988:
11985:
11984:
11982:
11980:
11976:
11973:
11971:
11967:
11963:
11957:
11951:
11948:
11946:
11945:Mandaean name
11943:
11939:
11936:
11935:
11934:
11931:
11929:
11926:
11924:
11921:
11917:
11914:
11912:
11909:
11907:
11906:Biblical name
11904:
11903:
11902:
11899:
11898:
11896:
11894:
11890:
11880:
11877:
11875:
11872:
11870:
11867:
11865:
11862:
11860:
11857:
11855:
11852:
11850:
11847:
11845:
11842:
11840:
11837:
11835:
11832:
11827:
11823:
11822:
11821:
11818:
11816:
11813:
11811:
11808:
11806:
11803:
11801:
11798:
11797:
11795:
11792:
11787:
11783:
11779:
11769:
11766:
11764:
11761:
11759:
11756:
11754:
11751:
11749:
11746:
11744:
11741:
11736:
11732:
11729:
11725:
11722:
11718:
11717:
11716:
11713:
11711:
11708:
11706:
11703:
11701:
11698:
11697:
11695:
11693:
11689:
11680:
11676:
11675:
11674:
11671:
11669:
11666:
11661:
11657:
11654:
11650:
11647:
11643:
11640:
11636:
11635:
11634:
11631:
11629:
11626:
11624:
11621:
11619:
11616:
11614:
11611:
11609:
11606:
11605:
11603:
11601:
11597:
11588:
11584:
11583:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11564:
11559:
11555:
11552:
11548:
11545:
11541:
11538:
11534:
11533:
11532:
11529:
11527:
11524:
11523:
11521:
11519:
11515:
11509:
11506:
11504:
11501:
11499:
11496:
11494:
11491:
11489:
11486:
11485:
11483:
11481:
11477:
11471:
11468:
11466:
11463:
11462:
11460:
11458:
11454:
11448:
11445:
11440:
11436:
11433:
11432:Ancient Greek
11429:
11428:
11427:
11424:
11422:
11419:
11417:
11414:
11412:
11409:
11407:
11404:
11402:
11399:
11397:
11394:
11392:
11389:
11388:
11386:
11384:
11379:
11378:North America
11375:
11371:
11365:
11362:
11360:
11357:
11355:
11352:
11350:
11347:
11345:
11342:
11340:
11337:
11335:
11332:
11330:
11327:
11326:
11324:
11322:
11318:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11302:
11299:
11297:
11294:
11293:
11291:
11289:
11285:
11279:
11276:
11274:
11271:
11269:
11266:
11264:
11261:
11259:
11256:
11254:
11251:
11249:
11246:
11244:
11241:
11239:
11236:
11234:
11231:
11229:
11226:
11224:
11221:
11219:
11216:
11214:
11211:
11210:
11208:
11204:
11200:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11175:
11173:
11169:Northern Asia
11167:
11161:
11158:
11156:
11153:
11151:
11148:
11146:
11143:
11141:
11138:
11136:
11133:
11128:
11124:
11121:
11117:
11114:
11110:
11107:
11103:
11102:
11101:
11098:
11096:
11093:
11092:
11090:
11088:
11084:
11081:
11079:
11073:
11067:
11064:
11060:
11057:
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11052:
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11047:
11045:
11044:
11040:
11038:
11035:
11031:
11028:
11027:
11026:
11023:
11021:
11020:
11019:Nom de guerre
11016:
11012:
11009:
11007:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10998:
10997:
10994:
10992:
10991:
10987:
10985:
10982:
10981:
10979:
10976:
10972:
10968:
10962:
10959:
10957:
10954:
10950:
10947:
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10942:
10938:
10935:
10933:
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10925:
10923:
10920:
10918:
10915:
10913:
10910:
10908:
10905:
10904:
10902:
10898:
10892:
10889:
10887:
10884:
10882:
10879:
10875:
10872:
10871:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10852:
10848:
10847:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10828:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10814:
10811:
10809:
10806:
10804:
10801:
10800:
10799:
10796:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10785:
10783:
10779:
10773:
10770:
10768:
10765:
10763:
10760:
10759:
10757:
10753:
10743:
10740:
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10738:
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10733:
10729:
10726:
10725:
10724:
10721:
10719:
10716:
10714:
10711:
10710:
10708:
10706:Personal name
10704:
10700:
10696:
10689:
10684:
10682:
10677:
10675:
10670:
10669:
10666:
10656:
10652:
10648:
10644:
10640:
10636:
10632:
10628:
10624:
10620:
10616:
10612:
10608:
10604:
10600:
10596:
10592:
10588:
10584:
10580:
10576:
10572:
10568:
10564:
10560:
10556:
10552:
10548:
10544:
10540:
10536:
10532:
10528:
10526:
10522:
10518:
10514:
10510:
10506:
10502:
10498:
10494:
10490:
10486:
10482:
10478:
10474:
10470:
10466:
10462:
10458:
10454:
10450:
10446:
10444:
10440:
10436:
10432:
10428:
10424:
10420:
10416:
10412:
10408:
10404:
10400:
10396:
10392:
10388:
10384:
10380:
10376:
10372:
10368:
10366:
10362:
10358:
10354:
10350:
10348:
10344:
10340:
10336:
10332:
10328:
10324:
10320:
10316:
10312:
10309:
10305:
10301:
10297:
10293:
10289:
10285:
10281:
10277:
10273:
10269:
10265:
10261:
10257:
10253:
10249:
10245:
10241:
10237:
10233:
10229:
10225:
10221:
10217:
10213:
10209:
10205:
10201:
10197:
10193:
10189:
10185:
10181:
10177:
10173:
10169:
10165:
10161:
10157:
10153:
10149:
10145:
10141:
10137:
10133:
10129:
10125:
10121:
10117:
10113:
10109:
10105:
10101:
10097:
10093:
10089:
10085:
10081:
10077:
10073:
10069:
10065:
10061:
10057:
10053:
10051:
10047:
10043:
10039:
10035:
10031:
10027:
10023:
10019:
10015:
10011:
10007:
10003:
9999:
9995:
9991:
9987:
9983:
9979:
9975:
9971:
9967:
9963:
9959:
9955:
9951:
9947:
9943:
9939:
9935:
9931:
9927:
9923:
9919:
9915:
9911:
9907:
9903:
9899:
9895:
9891:
9887:
9883:
9879:
9875:
9871:
9867:
9863:
9859:
9855:
9851:
9847:
9843:
9839:
9835:
9831:
9827:
9823:
9819:
9815:
9811:
9807:
9805:
9801:
9797:
9793:
9789:
9785:
9781:
9777:
9773:
9769:
9766:
9762:
9758:
9753:
9750:(Australia),
9749:
9745:
9741:
9737:
9733:
9730:
9726:
9722:
9718:
9710:
9705:
9703:
9698:
9696:
9691:
9690:
9687:
9671:
9668:
9666:
9664:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9654:
9652:
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9642:
9639:
9637:
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9628:
9625:
9623:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9611:
9609:
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9599:
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9591:
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9579:
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9509:
9506:
9504:
9501:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9491:
9485:
9482:
9480:
9479:Diplom degree
9477:
9475:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9444:
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9410:
9406:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9373:Undergraduate
9370:
9366:
9358:
9353:
9351:
9346:
9344:
9339:
9338:
9335:
9317:
9313:
9307:
9292:
9288:
9282:
9280:
9269:
9254:
9250:
9244:
9228:
9222:
9206:
9200:
9184:
9178:
9170:
9169:Ozstudies.com
9166:
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9126:
9110:
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9076:
9072:
9065:
9049:
9045:
9041:
9034:
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9023:
9019:
9013:
9005:
9001:
8995:
8987:
8983:
8979:
8973:
8965:
8961:
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8939:
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8906:
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8859:
8855:
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8811:
8805:
8803:
8786:
8782:
8776:
8760:
8756:
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8727:
8723:
8716:
8710:
8694:
8690:
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8321:
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8311:
8296:
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8281:
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8225:
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7986:
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7917:
7916:russia.edu.ru
7913:
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7722:
7718:
7711:
7705:
7701:
7698:
7693:
7683:
7667:
7661:
7645:
7641:
7640:"Art. 435 Sr"
7635:
7616:
7609:
7603:
7587:
7583:
7576:
7574:
7572:
7563:
7559:
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7409:
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7382:
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7374:
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7368:
7366:
7349:
7343:
7324:
7317:
7311:
7295:
7289:
7281:
7274:
7267:
7252:. p. 216
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7172:
7171:Studyrama.com
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6672:3-85456-453-8
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6387:10822/1086347
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6238:9781408181188
6234:
6230:
6229:
6222:
6206:
6200:
6192:
6190:9781408181188
6186:
6182:
6181:
6174:
6158:
6154:
6148:
6133:
6132:
6127:
6120:
6101:
6097:
6090:
6089:
6082:
6080:
6064:
6063:
6058:
6052:
6037:
6036:
6031:
6025:
6010:
6003:
5997:
5995:
5978:
5974:
5968:
5949:
5943:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5913:
5897:
5893:
5887:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5857:
5850:
5838:
5834:
5828:
5812:
5808:
5802:
5794:
5790:
5786:
5780:
5765:
5761:
5755:
5740:
5736:
5730:
5723:
5718:
5716:9781135455965
5712:
5708:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5694:
5688:
5678:
5671:
5670:0-521-36105-2
5667:
5663:
5662:
5655:
5647:
5646:
5638:
5631:
5629:
5623:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5608:Huff, Toby E.
5603:
5596:
5591:
5589:9781135455965
5585:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5567:
5561:
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5541:
5537:
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5525:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5511:
5505:
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5495:
5491:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5465:
5450:
5446:
5440:
5424:
5420:
5414:
5406:
5402:
5401:
5393:
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5389:
5380:
5376:
5375:
5367:
5365:
5360:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
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5265:
5255:
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5248:
5244:
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5229:
5225:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5211:
5210:
5209:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5192:
5189:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5169:baccalaureate
5165:
5163:
5159:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5109:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5078:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5054:
5051:
5045:
5039:
5029:
5023:
5019:
5015:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4977:
4976:
4975:
4972:
4962:
4956:
4949:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4923:
4912:
4909:
4903:
4900:
4894:
4891:
4885:
4879:
4873:
4867:
4861:
4858:
4852:
4846:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4807:
4802:
4801:Livre-Docente
4798:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4779:
4778:stricto sensu
4775:
4770:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4751:
4749:
4745:
4740:
4737:
4733:
4721:
4709:South America
4706:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4683:
4679:
4675:
4668:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4602:master degree
4599:
4598:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4575:
4560:
4556:
4547:
4538:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4470:
4466:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4408:
4406:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4378:United States
4375:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4341:
4340:certification
4337:
4333:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4295:(also called
4294:
4290:
4287:Education in
4275:
4269:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4228:physiotherapy
4225:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4203:
4199:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4139:North America
4133:
4130:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:(M.Phil.) or
4113:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4089:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4021:The standard
4014:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3991:
3989:
3983:
3979:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:for physics,
3948:
3944:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3911:
3902:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3870:The standard
3868:
3862:
3858:
3853:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3771:
3762:
3758:
3755:This section
3753:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3714:
3712:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3668:Universitario
3665:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3631:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3616:
3614:
3609:
3607:
3602:
3600:
3595:
3593:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3536:According to
3534:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3519:Kandidat Nauk
3515:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3498:Kandidat nauk
3493:
3491:
3482:
3479:
3475:
3472:
3468:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3451:
3442:
3439:
3431:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3397:This section
3395:
3391:
3386:
3385:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3362:
3357:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3342:
3337:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3322:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3242:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3192:). The title
3191:
3187:
3183:
3182:sivilingeniĂžr
3179:
3175:
3174:sivilingeniĂžr
3171:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3146:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3048:
3043:
3042:honoris causa
3032:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2859:
2856:
2848:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2816:
2813:
2809:
2806: â
2805:
2801:
2800:Find sources:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2778:This section
2776:
2772:
2767:
2766:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2362:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:awarded by a
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2111:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2044:credits; the
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1972:Communication
1968:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:Ergotherapist
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1894:and bachelor
1893:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:Communication
1871:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1794:Physiotherapy
1791:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1692:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:ECTS-points.
1598:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1554:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1116:
1114:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1083:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:(B.Eng.) and
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1003:
982:
979:
971:
960:
957:
953:
950:
946:
943:
939:
936:
932:
929: â
928:
924:
923:Find sources:
917:
913:
907:
906:
901:This section
899:
895:
890:
889:
881:
878:
871:
870:Online degree
864:Online degree
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
826:
823:
819:
816:in Canada or
815:
811:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
753:
747:
745:
741:
731:
729:
724:
718:
708:
704:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
675:royal charter
672:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
652:Great Britain
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
600:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
538:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
461:
456:
452:
448:
444:
443:
438:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:
314:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
252:The earliest
250:
248:
228:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
188:). While the
187:
183:
179:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
120:
107:
102:
93:
91:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
55:undergraduate
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
12498:
12481:
12469:from Commons
12464:
12443:
12384:Signum manus
12372:Royal cypher
12337:
12322:Nomen nescio
12320:
12316:Nomenclature
12311:Naming taboo
12123:Professional
12075:
12040:
11966:of authority
11916:Saint's name
11581:Scandinavian
11203:Muslim world
11041:
11017:
10988:
10840:Occupational
10699:anthroponymy
10485:DO (US only)
10030:MA (Cantab.)
9716:
9662:
9545:Habilitation
9528:Postdoctoral
9447:Postgraduate
9364:
9319:. Retrieved
9315:
9306:
9294:. Retrieved
9290:
9268:
9258:13 September
9256:. Retrieved
9243:
9231:. Retrieved
9221:
9209:. Retrieved
9199:
9187:. Retrieved
9177:
9168:
9159:
9147:. Retrieved
9140:the original
9112:. Retrieved
9099:
9077:(6): 24â33.
9074:
9070:
9064:
9052:. Retrieved
9047:
9043:
9021:
9012:
9003:
8994:
8986:the original
8981:
8972:
8964:the original
8954:
8942:. Retrieved
8913:. Retrieved
8899:
8891:
8879:
8862:
8857:
8830:
8818:. Retrieved
8789:. Retrieved
8775:
8763:. Retrieved
8754:
8742:
8730:. Retrieved
8721:
8709:
8697:. Retrieved
8688:
8679:
8667:. Retrieved
8654:
8642:. Retrieved
8637:
8628:
8620:the original
8610:
8598:. Retrieved
8581:
8569:. Retrieved
8565:the original
8555:
8543:. Retrieved
8533:
8521:. Retrieved
8517:the original
8507:
8495:. Retrieved
8491:the original
8481:
8469:. Retrieved
8459:
8447:. Retrieved
8434:
8422:. Retrieved
8413:
8387:, retrieved
8383:the original
8378:
8368:
8357:, retrieved
8353:the original
8348:
8339:
8328:, retrieved
8324:the original
8319:
8310:
8299:, retrieved
8295:the original
8290:
8280:
8269:, retrieved
8265:the original
8259:
8253:
8242:, retrieved
8238:the original
8233:
8224:
8212:. Retrieved
8208:
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8185:
8174:, retrieved
8169:
8162:
8150:. Retrieved
8140:
8128:. Retrieved
8118:
8106:. Retrieved
8092:
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8076:the original
8071:
8062:
8053:
8044:
8035:
8026:
8014:. Retrieved
8010:the original
7984:
7963:
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7945:
7936:
7924:. Retrieved
7920:the original
7915:
7906:
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7890:the original
7879:
7870:
7861:
7849:. Retrieved
7845:the original
7841:En.sibsau.ru
7840:
7831:
7823:the original
7819:En.spbstu.ru
7818:
7809:
7797:. Retrieved
7793:
7784:
7766:
7737:
7725:. Retrieved
7721:the original
7710:
7692:
7682:
7670:. Retrieved
7660:
7648:. Retrieved
7634:
7622:. Retrieved
7615:the original
7602:
7590:. Retrieved
7586:the original
7561:
7534:. Retrieved
7530:the original
7520:
7508:. Retrieved
7504:the original
7493:
7484:
7475:
7466:
7457:
7447:25 September
7445:. Retrieved
7422:25 September
7420:. Retrieved
7387:25 September
7385:. Retrieved
7354:25 September
7352:. Retrieved
7342:
7332:25 September
7330:. Retrieved
7323:the original
7310:
7298:. Retrieved
7288:
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7256:14 September
7254:. Retrieved
7240:
7231:
7203:. Retrieved
7196:the original
7179:
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7114:
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7078:
7069:
7060:
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7030:. Retrieved
7026:
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6992:
6983:
6971:. Retrieved
6966:
6957:
6945:. Retrieved
6940:
6928:
6919:
6907:. Retrieved
6902:
6890:
6878:. Retrieved
6873:
6864:
6852:. Retrieved
6847:
6838:
6826:. Retrieved
6821:
6812:
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6794:
6782:. Retrieved
6778:
6754:. Retrieved
6750:
6741:
6729:. Retrieved
6725:
6716:
6704:. Retrieved
6700:
6677:the original
6654:
6647:
6637:13 September
6635:. Retrieved
6622:
6612:13 September
6610:. Retrieved
6600:
6590:12 September
6588:. Retrieved
6574:
6561:
6551:12 September
6549:. Retrieved
6545:the original
6535:
6526:
6522:
6512:
6500:. Retrieved
6495:
6486:
6474:. Retrieved
6469:
6460:
6433:
6429:
6419:
6410:
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6353:
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6325:12 September
6323:. Retrieved
6306:
6296:12 September
6294:. Retrieved
6286:
6277:
6267:12 September
6265:. Retrieved
6257:
6247:
6227:
6221:
6209:. Retrieved
6199:
6179:
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6161:. Retrieved
6156:
6147:
6135:. Retrieved
6131:The Guardian
6129:
6119:
6107:. Retrieved
6100:the original
6087:
6066:. Retrieved
6060:
6051:
6039:. Retrieved
6033:
6024:
6014:12 September
6012:. Retrieved
5983:12 September
5981:. Retrieved
5967:
5955:. Retrieved
5942:
5930:. Retrieved
5926:the original
5921:
5912:
5900:. Retrieved
5895:
5886:
5874:. Retrieved
5856:
5848:
5841:. Retrieved
5836:
5827:
5815:. Retrieved
5801:
5793:the original
5788:
5779:
5767:. Retrieved
5763:
5754:
5742:. Retrieved
5739:Hitechcj.com
5738:
5729:
5720:
5700:
5687:
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5560:
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5523:
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5464:
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5448:
5439:
5427:. Retrieved
5422:
5413:
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5399:
5378:
5373:
5253:
5246:
5239:
5233:
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5220:
5213:
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5070:
5066:
5062:
5060:
5034:
5000:licenciatura
4986:bachillerato
4967:
4933:
4918:
4904:
4895:
4862:
4840:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4819:Habilitation
4811:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4777:
4773:
4771:
4766:
4752:
4747:
4741:
4736:Licenciatura
4735:
4728:
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4648:
4637:
4620:
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4589:
4583:
4577:
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4462:
4458:Articulation
4443:
4432:
4411:
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4361:
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4332:licenciatura
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4320:
4317:licenciatura
4316:
4313:licenciatura
4312:
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4304:
4297:preparatoria
4296:
4293:bachillerato
4292:
4286:
4221:
4206:
4195:
4163:
4151:
4147:
4120:
4100:
4095:
4093:
4071:
4051:
4047:
4029:is either a
4023:first degree
4020:
3992:
3984:
3980:
3973:
3970:
3956:
3940:
3930:
3926:
3914:
3906:
3884:
3872:first degree
3869:
3865:
3831:
3827:
3820:
3814:
3801:
3800:(French) or
3797:
3793:
3783:
3765:
3761:adding to it
3756:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3715:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3699:
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3692:
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3681:
3677:
3676:
3674:in any way.
3672:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3612:
3610:
3605:
3603:
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3591:
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3516:
3512:Habilitation
3505:
3503:
3496:
3494:
3486:
3452:
3449:
3434:
3425:
3410:Please help
3398:
3358:
3353:Habilitation
3338:
3318:
3294:
3262:
3238:
3212:
3203:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3173:
3164:baccalaureus
3161:
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3147:
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3140:
3127:
3110:
3107:prof. Jansen
3106:
3053:
3051:
3041:
3038:
3029:
3008:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2957:
2952:
2945:UK MD degree
2940:
2930:
2893:
2871:
2866:
2851:
2842:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2799:
2787:Please help
2782:verification
2779:
2740:
2724:
2701:
2699:
2668:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2552:
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2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2442:
2440:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2416:
2401:universities
2366:
2359:
2337:
2322:Privatdozent
2321:
2317:
2313:Habilitation
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2288:
2277:
2273:Staatsexamen
2272:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2244:
2236:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2200:Staatsexamen
2198:
2196:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2130:
2129:, or with a
2108:
2106:
2096:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2065:
2049:
2037:
2031:
2020:
2016:diplÎme visé
2015:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1992:Baccalauréat
1991:
1969:
1967:diplÎme visé
1966:
1941:
1936:
1907:
1900:
1891:
1872:
1870:diplÎme visé
1869:
1863:
1842:
1838:
1815:
1806:
1799:
1789:
1784:
1768:
1757:
1751:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1697:Universities
1665:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1641:polytechnics
1637:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:kandidatgrad
1594:
1588:
1575:
1555:
1552:
1513:
1451:level 7) by
1446:
1386:
1355:
1346:
1303:
1283:
1275:ECTS credits
1267:
1252:
1246:
1236:
1222:
1199:
1195:
1183:
1167:
1158:
1126:
1122:
1119:South Africa
1109:
1089:
1081:
1022:
1002:colonial era
999:
974:
965:
955:
948:
941:
934:
922:
910:Please help
905:verification
902:
873:
856:and PhD for
827:
807:
756:
748:
737:
722:
720:
706:
668:
649:
640:licenciatura
639:
636:"diplomados"
635:
631:
628:"Licenciado"
627:
623:
619:
607:
599:baccalauréat
597:
591:
586:
579:dissertation
544:
499:disputations
490:baccalaureus
481:Liberal Arts
458:
440:
434:
390:
363:
358:
350:
338:
316:
311:
277:
269:
261:
251:
226:
221:
206:
194:Baccalaureus
193:
189:
185:
164:
145:early church
140:
128:
122:
87:
59:postgraduate
38:
36:
12357:Proper name
12279:Name change
12133:Educational
12111:Substantive
12050:decorations
11933:Jewish name
11928:Dharma name
11893:By religion
11558:Hongkongese
11383:Australasia
11223:Azerbaijani
10956:Regnal name
10937:Temple name
10767:Middle name
10755:By sequence
10732:Matrilineal
10728:Patrilineal
10068:MALS or MLS
9622:certificate
9608:Microdegree
9569:No dominant
9474:certificate
9233:5 September
9211:4 September
9189:4 September
9183:"Australia"
9149:4 September
9114:4 September
9022:Times Union
9004:cbsnews.com
8944:4 September
8915:4 September
8820:4 September
8791:4 September
8765:4 September
8732:4 September
8699:4 September
8669:4 September
8471:4 September
8449:4 September
8424:4 September
8072:Mecd.gob.es
7926:19 February
7624:28 November
7510:27 February
7300:27 February
7205:6 September
7151:5 September
7125:6 September
6969:(in French)
6943:(in French)
6905:(in French)
6876:(in French)
6850:(in French)
6824:(in French)
6472:. 2012â2023
6211:20 December
6163:20 December
6109:3 September
6068:21 December
6041:21 December
5208:Philosophy
4866:profesional
4845:profesional
4804: [
4680:(level 8),
4676:(level 7),
4661:New Zealand
4301:high school
4164:In Canada,
4125:Distinction
3961:Distinction
3828:post laurea
3824:DEA or DESS
3784:Before the
3780:Switzerland
3531:Doktor Nauk
3527:Doktor Nauk
3507:Doktor Nauk
3255:given by a
3194:dr. philos.
3091: [
3076: [
3061: [
2968:doctorandus
2933:doctorandus
2923:) and LLM (
2913:doctorandus
2901: [
2741:Almost all
2686:Wim Deetman
2678: [
2671:Netherlands
2659:Netherlands
2614:specialista
2587:Specialista
2213:pharmacists
2161:engineering
2123:linguistics
2063:Sciences Po
1994:'s Diploma
1730:Engineering
1519: [
1471: [
1456: [
1404: [
1364:during the
1138:Engineering
1070:(BCA)) and
1046:(B.E.) and
1040:engineering
771:Oxbridge MA
620:"Bachiller"
355:Islamic law
262:Divinitatis
12483:Quotations
12350:Identifier
12333:Onomastics
12274:Legal name
12254:Deadnaming
12150:Diplomatic
12106:Subsidiary
12101:Hereditary
11992:Diplomatic
11911:Papal name
11820:Indonesian
11786:South Asia
11782:Indosphere
11748:Macedonian
11721:Belarusian
11628:Portuguese
11470:Lithuanian
11364:Zimbabwean
11160:Vietnamese
11120:Generation
11087:East Asian
11075:By culture
11049:Stage name
11006:Hypocorism
10971:Pseudonyms
10961:Slave name
10912:Birth name
10864:Teknonymic
10845:Patronymic
10825:Matronymic
10788:Diminutive
10762:First name
10718:Given name
10713:Birth name
10308:Licentiate
10180:MProfStuds
10042:MA (Oxon.)
10034:MA (Dubl.)
10026:MB BCh BAO
9598:Licentiate
9363:Levels of
9321:1 November
9291:Vatican.va
9054:13 October
8541:. Yorku.ca
8214:13 January
8016:26 October
7946:unesco.org
7687:permission
7027:LĂ©gifrance
6779:LĂ©gifrance
6476:4 November
6370:: 102290.
5902:22 October
5892:"About us"
5355:References
5234:Canon Law
5173:licentiate
5094:diplomados
5090:licenciado
5014:licenciado
4994:Licenciado
4878:tecnĂłlogos
4774:lato sensu
4767:in promptu
4744:Vestibular
4734:teachers.
4426:(M.A.) or
4418:(B.A.) or
4336:diplomados
3976:doctorates
3796:(German),
3790:Licentiate
3738:See also:
3551:D.Lit. to
3428:April 2010
3251:) title â
3227:degree or
3221:university
3170:technology
3162:bachelor (
3119:university
3117:leave the
3088:hoogleraar
2988:ir. Jansen
2980:mr. Jansen
2886:) or LLB (
2815:newspapers
2663:See also:
2538:. The old
2411:See also:
2332:See also:
2279:Doctorates
2233:bachelor's
2119:humanities
2113:degree in
1976:Journalism
1920:Odontology
1879:Journalism
1777:Odontology
1721:Accounting
1686:Doctorate
1395:(3 years,
1238:Bachelor's
1223:Since the
1052:curriculum
938:newspapers
723:university
715:See also:
537:("step").
465:arithmetic
460:quadrivium
457:) and the
413:St Andrews
307:humanities
295:philosophy
155:and other
83:doctorates
71:foundation
51:university
12436:Education
12362:Signature
12249:Call sign
12225:Anonymity
12160:Religious
12086:Chivalric
12007:Religious
12002:Judiciary
11987:Honorific
11970:of honour
11869:Sinhalese
11859:Pakistani
11844:Malaysian
11839:Cambodian
11743:Kashubian
11735:Ukrainian
11700:Bulgarian
11639:Praenomen
11576:Icelandic
11447:Hungarian
11248:Pakistani
11183:Mongolian
11037:Ring name
11030:Heteronym
10996:Nicknames
10917:Code name
10869:Toponymic
10859:Sobriquet
10835:Mononymic
10830:Metonymic
10772:Last name
10072:MS or MSc
10038:MA (Hons)
9663:Ad eundem
9634:/
9620:/
9503:Doctorate
9472:/
9407:/
9403:/
9316:avepro.va
9296:18 August
9273:Republic.
9227:"Ireland"
9091:143986876
8644:18 August
8600:7 October
8379:Qaa.ac.uk
8349:Qaa.ac.uk
8320:Qaa.ac.uk
8291:Qaa.ac.uk
8234:Qaa.ac.uk
8082:18 August
7964:ehea.info
7799:18 August
7727:5 January
7032:6 January
6998:18 August
6973:18 August
6947:18 August
6909:18 August
6880:18 August
6854:18 August
6828:18 August
6784:6 January
6756:18 August
6747:"Etusivu"
6731:18 August
6722:"Etusivu"
6706:18 August
6541:"Members"
6502:23 August
6452:2579-2253
6396:0738-0593
5769:18 August
5744:18 August
5707:Routledge
5580:Routledge
5548:144509355
5540:0011-3921
5454:18 August
5429:18 August
5182:Theology
5177:doctorate
5128:Angelicum
5086:ingeniero
5057:Venezuela
5022:Doctorado
4980:Bachiller
4908:doctorado
4890:doctorado
4857:tecnĂłlogo
4829:See also
4797:SĂŁo Paulo
4714:Argentina
4568:Australia
4372:doctorate
4368:doctorado
4325:doctorado
3993:See also
3794:Lizentiat
3613:Doctorado
3565:LL.D. to
3558:D.Sc. to
3544:DPhil to
3399:does not
3215:licencjat
3123:professor
3115:professor
3103:professor
3099:professor
3082:" (UHD â
3015:professor
2984:ingenieur
2845:July 2022
2716:chemistry
2696:Admission
2218:pupillage
2169:Doctorate
2153:sociology
2141:economics
1916:Midwifery
1539:Doctoraat
1516:Doctorate
1337:Doctorate
1322:Doctorate
1254:Doctorate
1179:education
1173:or B.Sc.
1091:Sri Lanka
1086:Sri Lanka
1078:Indonesia
1018:Chemistry
968:July 2022
852:, MD for
767:Cambridge
473:astronomy
425:Edinburgh
405:Cambridge
382:Civil Law
343:Toby Huff
202:doctorate
157:Christian
67:associate
12513:Category
12379:Khelrtva
12367:Monogram
12328:Misnomer
12306:Namesake
12240:National
12197:Name day
12155:Judicial
12145:Business
12138:Honorary
12128:Academic
12118:Military
12091:Courtesy
12076:Academic
12041:Academic
12031:Emeritus
11834:Javanese
11815:Filipino
11800:Balinese
11768:Suffixes
11705:Croatian
11668:Romanian
11653:Cognomen
11551:Canadian
11537:American
11518:Germanic
11503:Scottish
11421:Georgian
11411:Estonian
11396:Armenian
11391:Albanian
11349:Ghanaian
11306:Hawaiian
11243:Mandaean
11150:Okinawan
11135:Japanese
11106:Courtesy
11066:Username
11059:Mononyms
11025:Pen name
11011:Monarchs
10984:Art name
10927:Necronym
10907:Aptronym
10820:Eponymic
10781:By trait
10493:DP, PodD
10315:Lic Arts
10298:(Oxon),
10294:(Oxon),
10022:MB BChir
9978:BSc(Agr)
9930:BLibStud
9650:Unearned
9312:"AVEPRO"
8884:Archived
8871:Archived
8850:Archived
8839:Archived
8389:12 March
8359:12 March
8330:12 March
8301:12 March
8271:12 March
8244:12 March
8176:12 March
8054:aneca.es
8036:aneca.es
7985:aneca.es
7774:Archived
7756:Archived
7745:Archived
7700:Archived
7644:Archived
7296:. Nfq.ie
6057:"Cantab"
5817:3 August
5789:Ox.ac.uk
5695:(2005).
5628:madrasas
5610:(2007).
5568:(2005).
5261:See also
5256:(J.C.D.)
5249:(J.C.L.)
5242:(J.C.B.)
5204:(S.T.D.)
5197:(S.T.L.)
5190:(S.T.B.)
5047:(IP) or
5028:magister
5008:Magister
4872:técnicos
4837:Colombia
4755:graduate
4529:and the
4517:such as
4412:academic
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