834:
33:
910:
might then be transferred to a level-II facility, which consists of a forward surgical team, for additional stabilization. Depending on the logistics of the locality, the injured soldiers might be transfer between these facilities several times before finally being taken to a major hospital within the combat zone (level III). Generally after 1–3 days, when the patients were stabilized, they were transferred by air to a regional facility (level IV) for additional treatment. For soldiers serving in Iraq or
Afghanistan, this was typically
46:
433:. This makes horizontal gene transfer of this and similar pathogenicity islands more likely because, when genetic material is taken up by a new bacterium, the transposons allow the pathogenicity island to integrate into the new microorganism's genome. In this case, it would grant the new microorganism the potential to resist certain antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance genes are commonly transferred between Gram-negative bacteria through
4390:
846:
385:
Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance can be categorized into three groups. First, resistance can be achieved by reducing membrane permeability or increasing efflux of the antibiotic and thus preventing access to the target. Second, bacteria can protect the antibiotic target through genetic mutation or
3626:
Wu, Yu-Chin; Hsieh, Te-Chun; Sun, Shung-Shung; Wang, Chih-Hsiu; Yen, Kuo-Yang; Lin, Yu-Yi; Kao, Chia-Hung (November 2009). "Unexpected Cloud-Like Lesion on
Gallium-67 Scintigraphy: Detection of Subcutaneous Abscess Underneath the Skin With Normal Appearance in a Comatose Patient in an Intensive Care
2793:
Stokes, Jonathan M.; Yang, Kevin; Swanson, Kyle; Jin, Wengong; Cubillos-Ruiz, Andres; Donghia, Nina M.; MacNair, Craig R.; French, Shawn; Carfrae, Lindsey A.; Bloom-Ackerman, Zohar; Tran, Victoria M.; Chiappino-Pepe, Anush; Badran, Ahmed H.; Andrews, Ian W.; Chory, Emma J.; Church, George M.; Brown,
909:
to persist on artificial surfaces for extended periods, and the several facilities to which injured soldiers were exposed during the casualty-evacuation process. Injured soldiers were first taken to level-I facilities, where they were stabilized. Depending on the severity of the injury, the soldiers
624:
were shown to inhibit biofilm formation. The formation of biofilms has been shown to alter the metabolism of microorganisms within the biofilm, consequently reducing their sensitivity to antibiotics. This may be because fewer nutrients are available deeper within the biofilm. A slower metabolism can
749:
infections in turn range from fevers and chills, rash, confusion and/or altered mental states, pain or burning sensations when urinating, strong urge to urinate frequently, sensitivity to bright light, nausea (with or without vomiting), muscle and chest pains, breathing problems, and cough (with or
521:
is known to have two major efflux pumps which decrease its susceptibility to antimicrobials. The first, AdeB, has been shown to be responsible for aminoglycoside resistance. The second, AdeDE, is responsible for efflux of a wide range of substrates, including tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and
2845:
Zampaloni, Claudia; Mattei, Patrizio; Bleicher, Konrad; Winther, Lotte; Thäte, Claudia; Bucher, Christian; Adam, Jean-Michel; Alanine, Alexander; Amrein, Kurt E.; Baidin, Vadim; Bieniossek, Christoph; Bissantz, Caterina; Boess, Franziska; Cantrill, Carina; Clairfeuille, Thomas (January 2024).
2723:
Gordillo
Altamirano, Fernando; Forsyth, John H.; Patwa, Ruzeen; Kostoulias, Xenia; Trim, Michael; Subedi, Dinesh; Archer, Stuart K.; Morris, Faye C.; Oliveira, Cody; Kielty, Luisa; Korneev, Denis; O'Bryan, Moira K.; Lithgow, Trevor J.; Peleg, Anton Y.; Barr, Jeremy J. (February 2021).
3238:
Koulenti, Despoina; Lisboa, Thiago; Brun-Buisson, Christian; Krueger, Wolfgang; Macor, Antonio; Sole-Violan, Jordi; Diaz, Emili; Topeli, Arzu; DeWaele, Jan; Carneiro, Antonio; Martin-Loeches, Ignacio; Armaganidis, Apostolos; Rello, Jordi; EU-VAP/CAP Study Group (August 2009).
782:), or a carbapenem (e.g., imipenem or meropenem). Because most infections are now resistant to multiple drugs, determining what susceptibilities the particular strain has is necessary for treatment to be successful. Traditionally, infections were treated with
3428:
Martins, N.; Martins, I.S.; Freitas, W.V.; Matos, J.A.; Magalhães, A.C.G.; Girão, V.B.C.; Dias, R.C.S.; Souza, T.C.; Pellegrino, F.L.P.C.; Costa, L.D.; Boasquevisque, C.H.R.; Nouér, S.A.; Riley, L.W.; Santoro-Lopes, G.; Moreira, B.M. (June 2012).
2911:
Pahil, Karanbir S.; Gilman, Morgan S. A.; Baidin, Vadim; Clairfeuille, Thomas; Mattei, Patrizio; Bieniossek, Christoph; Dey, Fabian; Muri, Dieter; Baettig, Remo; Lobritz, Michael; Bradley, Kenneth; Kruse, Andrew C.; Kahne, Daniel (January 2024).
3119:
Jones, Anna; Morgan, Dilys; Walsh, Amanda; Turton, Jane; Livermore, David; Pitt, Tyrone; Green, Andy; Gill, Martin; Mortiboy, Deborah (June 2006). "Importation of multidrug-resistant
Acinetobacter spp infections with casualties from Iraq".
3563:
Zhao, W.S.; Liu, G.Y.; Mi, Z.H.; Zhang, F. (March 2011). "Coexistence of blaOXA-23 with armA and novel gyrA mutation in a pandrug-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii isolate from the blood of a patient with haematological disease in China".
516:
out of the cell. By constantly pumping antibiotics out of the cell, bacteria can increase the concentration of a given antibiotic required to kill them or inhibit their growth when the target of the antibiotic is inside the bacterium.
3327:
Farrugia, Daniel N.; Elbourne, Liam D. H.; Hassan, Karl A.; Eijkelkamp, Bart A.; Tetu, Sasha G.; Brown, Melissa H.; Shah, Bhumika S.; Peleg, Anton Y.; Mabbutt, Bridget C.; Paulsen, Ian T.; de Crécy-Lagard, Valerie (19 March 2013).
914:
in
Germany. Finally, the injured soldiers were transferred to hospitals in their home country for rehabilitation and additional treatment. This repeated exposure to many different medical environments seems to be the reason
814:. Colistin is considered a drug of last resort because it often causes kidney damage, among other side effects. Prevention methods in hospitals focus on increased hand-washing and more diligent sterilization procedures. An
2065:
Périchon, Bruno; Goussard, Sylvie; Walewski, Violaine; Krizova, Lenka; Cerqueira, Gustavo; Murphy, Cheryl; Feldgarden, Michael; Wortman, Jennifer; Clermont, Dominique; Nemec, Alexandr; Courvalin, Patrice (February 2014).
983:
growth is suspected to be favored in hospital settings due to the constant use of antibiotics by patients in the hospital. Acinetobacter can be spread by person-to-person contact or contact with contaminated surfaces.
625:
prevent the bacteria from taking up an antibiotic or performing a vital function fast enough for particular antibiotics to have an effect. They also provide a physical barrier against larger molecules and may prevent
603:
has been noted for its apparent ability to survive on artificial surfaces for an extended period of time, therefore allowing it to persist in the hospital environment. This is thought to be due to its ability to form
3527:
Gionco, B.; Pelayo, J. S.; Venancio, E. J.; Cayo, R.; Gales, A. C.; Carrara-Marroni, F. E. (26 June 2012). "Detection of OXA-231, a new variant of blaOXA-143, in
Acinetobacter baumannii from Brazil: a case report".
679:
promoters, which leads to increased expression of VanP and VanK porins in the cell membrane and increased expression of Csu pili. The increased expression of Csu pili results a high biofilm formation phenotype of
191:
is a soil organism, too), it is almost exclusively isolated from hospital environments. Although occasionally it has been found in environmental soil and water samples, its natural habitat is still not known.
979:
is usually introduced into a hospital by a colonized patient. Due to its ability to survive on artificial surfaces and resist desiccation, it can remain and possibly infect new patients for some time.
663:. This metabolic pathway is regulated by transcriptional repressor VanR. When vanillic acid enters the cell through VanP and VanK porins it binds to the VanR regulator, which is usually bound to P
3599:
Xiao, SC; Zhu, SH; Xia, ZF; Ma, B; Cheng, DS (November 2009). "Successful treatment of a critical burn patient with obstinate hyperglycemia and septic shock from pan-drug-resistant strains".
3228:"Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB)." WHO Western Pacific Region, WPRO | WHO Western Pacific Region, 1 Nov. 2010, www.wpro.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs_20101102/en/.
537:
are noncoding RNAs that regulate various cellular processes. Three sRNAs, AbsR11, AbsR25, and AbsR28, have been experimentally validated in the MTCC 1425 (ATCC15308) strain, which is a (
3662:
Duan, Xiaojun; Yang, Liu; Xia, Peiyuan (26 August 2009). "Septic arthritis of the knee caused by antibiotic-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii in a gout patient: a rare case report".
3914:
Sharma, A; Shariff, M; Thukral, SS; Shah, A (October 2005). "Chronic community-acquired
Acinetobacter pneumonia that responded slowly to rifampicin in the anti-tuberculous regime".
2650:
3836:
Piparsania, S; Rajput, N; Bhatambare, G (September–October 2012). "Intraventricular polymyxin B for the treatment of neonatal meningo-ventriculitis caused by multi-resistant
633:) regulating Csu pili, Csu expression regulated by the GacSA TCS, biofilm-associated proteins BapAb, synthesis of the exopolysaccharide poly-β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine PNAG,
265:
genomic species 13TU). It is difficult to determine the specific species of members of the ACB complex and they comprise the most clinically relevant members of the genus.
4062:
Lee, SY; Lee, JW; Jeong, DC; Chung, SY; Chung, DS; Kang, JH (August 2008). "Multidrug-resistant
Acinetobacter meningitis in a 3-year-old boy treated with i.v. colistin".
3980:
Hong, KB; Oh, HS; Song, JS; Lim, JH; Kang, DK; Son, IS; Park, JD; Kim, EC; Lee, HJ; Choi, EH (July 2012). "Investigation and control of an outbreak of imipenem-resistant
3288:"Cure of multiresistant Acinetobacter baumannii central nervous system infections with intraventricular or intrathecal colistin: case series and literature review"
4544:
837:
Traumatic injuries, like those from improvised explosive devices, leave large open areas contaminated with debris that are vulnerable to becoming infected with
353:
can be a critical determinant of virulence for bacteria. The ability to attach to host cells allows bacteria to interact with them in various ways, whether by
3480:"Indications of carbapenem resistance evolution through heteroresistance as an intermediate stage in Acinetobacter baumannii after carbapenem administration"
3478:
Superti, Silvana Vargas; Martins, Daniela de Souza; Caierão, Juliana; Soares, Fabiana da Silva; Prochnow, Taísa; Zavascki, Alexandre Prehn (April 2009).
394:
is its impressive genetic plasticity, facilitating rapid genetic mutations and rearrangements as well as integration of foreign determinants carried by
3797:
Schulte, B; Goerke, C; Weyrich, P; Gröbner, S; Bahrs, C; Wolz, C; Autenrieth, IB; Borgmann, S (December 2005). "Clonal spread of meropenem-resistant
357:
or simply by holding on against the prevailing movement of fluids. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) has been shown to be involved in the adherence of
437:
via conjugation, which accelerates the appearance of new resistant strains. AbaR's contain several genes for antibiotic resistance, all flanked by
1994:
Sharma, Rajnikant; Arya, Sankalp; Patil, Supriya Deepak; Sharma, Atin; Jain, Pradeep Kumar; Navani, Naveen Kumar; Pathania, Ranjana (2014-01-01).
762:
When infections are caused by antibiotic-susceptible Acinetobacter isolates, there may be several therapeutic options, including a broad-spectrum
4518:
1737:"Acquisition and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in association with conjugative plasmid or class 1 integrons of Acinetobacter baumannii"
1279:
McQueary, Christin N.; Kirkup, Benjamin C.; Si, Yuanzheng; Barlow, Miriam; Actis, Luis A.; Craft, David W.; Zurawski, Daniel V. (30 June 2012).
905:
may be infrequently isolated from the natural environment, the infection was more likely nosocomially acquired, likely due to the ability of
361:
to epithelial cells. This allows the bacteria to invade the cells through the zipper mechanism. The protein was also shown to localize to the
4557:
3241:"Spectrum of practice in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in patients requiring mechanical ventilation in European intensive care units"
2977:
2775:
4027:
Lee, YK; Kim, JK; Oh, SE; Lee, J; Noh, JW (December 2009). "Successful antibiotic lock therapy in patients with refractory peritonitis".
390:, and last, antibiotics can be directly inactivated by hydrolysis or modification. One of the most important weapons in the armoury of
1492:
409:, relatively common genetic structures in bacterial pathogens, are composed of two or more adjacent genes that increase a pathogen's
4505:
330:
has spread to civilian hospitals in part due to the transport of infected soldiers through multiple medical facilities. During the
4531:
3015:"Diagnosis and management of evacuated casualties with cervical vascular injuries resulting from combat-related explosive blasts"
2530:
Falagas, Matthew E.; Vardakas, Konstantinos Z.; Kapaskelis, Anastasios; Triarides, Nikolaos A.; Roussos, Nikolaos S. (May 2015).
2307:
Brychcy, Merlin; Nguyen, Brian; Tierney, Guillermo Antunez; Casula, Pranav; Kokodynski, Alexis; Godoy, Veronica G. (2024-02-03).
644:
negatively affects biofilm formation and prompts decreased expression of AdeABC. Disruption of abaF has displayed an increase in
473:
genes could be successfully transferred between the clinical and the environmental isolates via the plasmid group GR6 or class 1
4291:
Patel, JA; Pacheco, SM; Postelnick, M; Sutton, S (15 August 2011). "Prolonged triple therapy for persistent multidrug-resistant
541:) strain showing resistance to 12 antibiotics. AbsR25 sRNA could play a role in the efflux pump regulation and drug resistance.
3054:
Murray, Clinton K. (March 2008). "Epidemiology of Infections Associated With Combat-Related Injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan".
730:
infections are often indistinguishable from other opportunistic infections caused by other opportunistic bacteria - including
3869:
John, TM; Jacob, CN; Ittycheria, CC; George, AM; Jacob, AG; Subramaniyam, S; Puthiyaveettil, J; Jayaprakash, R (March 2012).
1339:
4536:
651:
The formation of biofilm involves cell attachment, a fundamental process typically triggered by environmental metabolites.
421:, or as in this case, allow the bacteria to resist antibiotics. AbaR-type resistance islands are typical of drug-resistant
173:
in humans, affecting people with compromised immune systems, and is becoming increasingly important as a hospital-derived (
4144:
Pencavel, TD; Singh-Ranger, G; Crinnion, JN (May 2006). "Conservative treatment of an early aortic graft infection due to
3431:"Severe infection in a lung transplant recipient caused by donor-transmitted carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii"
923:
is a major factor in complicating the treatment and rehabilitation of injured soldiers, and has led to additional deaths.
4643:
398:. Of these, insertion sequences are considered one of the key forces shaping bacterial genomes and ultimately evolution.
223:
sugar chains behind the bacterium to move forward. Clinical microbiologists typically differentiate members of the genus
4105:
Adams, D; Yee, L; Rimmer, JA; Williams, R; Martin, H; Ovington, C (February 2011). "Investigation and management of an
3705:
Wagner, JA; Nenoff, P; Handrick, W; Renner, R; Simon, J; Treudler, R (February 2011). "Necrotizing fasciitis caused by
833:
450:
2725:
695:
is an opportunistic pathogen with a range of different diseases, each with their own symptoms. Some possible types of
4444:
3842:
911:
849:
The logistics of transporting wounded soldiers result in patients visiting several facilities where they may acquire
326:. It has continued to be an issue for veterans and soldiers who served in Iraq and Afghanistan. Multidrug-resistant
988:
can enter through open wounds, catheters and breathing tubes. In a study of European intensive care units in 2009,
365:
of epithelial cells. OmpA attachment to mitochondria induces it leading to swelling of mitochondria. This releases
4633:
387:
4562:
893:
American and other western soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan were at risk of traumatic injury due to gunfire and
2068:"Identification of 50 Class D β-Lactamases and 65 Acinetobacter-Derived Cephalosporinases in Acinetobacter spp"
939:
poses very little risk to healthy individuals; however, factors that increase the risks for infection include:
1217:
Yeom, Jinki; Shin, Ji-Hyun; Yang, Ji-Young; Kim, Jungmin; Hwang, Geum-Sook; Bundy, Jacob Guy (6 March 2013).
581:
3949:
Jeong, HL; Yeom, JS; Park, JS; Seo, JH; Park, ES; Lim, JY; Park, CH; Woo, HO; Youn, HS (July–August 2011). "
32:
4638:
2485:
45:
4628:
894:
648:
susceptibility and a decrease in biofilm formation and virulence, suggesting a major role for this pump.
354:
257:
4618:
4380:
4572:
1219:"1H NMR-Based Metabolite Profiling of Planktonic and Biofilm Cells in Acinetobacter baumannii 1656-2"
445:
that can be clustered in replicon groups, and may be transferred from the extensively drug-resistant
1947:"Novel resistance-nodulation-cell division efflux system AdeDE in Acinetobacter genomic DNA group 3"
968:
can be spread through direct contact with surfaces, objects, and the skin of contaminated persons.
775:
738:
613:
589:
538:
508:
machines that use energy to pump antibiotics and other small molecules that get into the bacterial
430:
2988:
1582:
invades epithelial cells and outer membrane protein A mediates interactions with epithelial cells"
3387:
Werneck, J. S.; Picao, R. C.; Carvalhaes, C. G.; Cardoso, J. P.; Gales, A. C. (3 December 2010).
720:
634:
477:
through in vitro conjugation. In collaboration with some other genes, they provide resistance to
2115:
Higgins, PG; Pérez-Llarena, FJ; Zander, E; Fernández, A; Bou, G; Seifert, H (25 February 2013).
4623:
4523:
4406:
1894:"Resistance-nodulation-cell division-type efflux pump involved in aminoglycoside resistance in
561:
395:
297:
170:
1452:"Federal funding for the study of antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial pathogens: no ESKAPE"
4595:
754:
may present no infection or symptoms, as with colonizing an open wound or tracheostomy site.
732:
715:
626:
308:
287:
281:
130:
4585:
4479:
3341:
2925:
2859:
2429:
2416:
infection in acute care hospitals in Taiwan: Association with hospital antimicrobial usage"
2011:
1748:
1735:
Leungtongkam, Udomluk; Thummeepak, Rapee; Tasanapak, Kannipa; Sitthisak, Sutthirat (2018).
1230:
630:
406:
275:
242:
4236:
peritoneal dialysis peritonitis with intraperitoneal polymyxin B and ampicillin-sulbactam"
3801:
strains in hospitals in the Mediterranean region and transmission to South-west Germany".
8:
3240:
534:
77:
3345:
3286:
Ng, J.; Gosbell, I. B.; Kelly, J. A.; Boyle, M. J.; Ferguson, J. K. (6 September 2006).
2954:
2929:
2913:
2888:
2863:
2847:
2433:
2015:
1752:
1635:
outer membrane protein a induces dendritic cell death through mitochondrial targeting".
1234:
4549:
4365:
4273:
4260:
4231:
4173:
4087:
4009:
3779:
3687:
3509:
3455:
3430:
3364:
3329:
3268:
3204:
3186:
3089:
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2795:
2756:
2700:
2675:
2628:
2605:
2578:
2507:
2476:
2452:
2411:
2381:
2284:
2259:
2145:
2116:
2092:
2067:
2042:
1995:
1824:
1795:
1771:
1736:
1712:
1679:
1660:
1608:
1577:
1553:
1526:
1312:
1253:
1218:
1196:
1144:
1117:
608:. For many biofilm-forming bacteria, the process is mediated by flagella. However, for
572:. The cleaving of the lactam ring renders these antibiotics harmless to the bacteria.
438:
200:
40:
3133:
2547:
1971:
1946:
1427:
1394:
1371:
629:
of the bacteria. In general, biofilm formation has been linked so far with BfmRS TCS (
580:
derived cephalosporinases (ADCs), which are class C beta-lactamases. In addition, the
4580:
4466:
4357:
4312:
4265:
4212:
4165:
4126:
4079:
4075:
4044:
4001:
3962:
3931:
3896:
3851:
3818:
3771:
3726:
3679:
3644:
3608:
3581:
3545:
3501:
3460:
3446:
3410:
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3309:
3272:
3260:
3178:
3137:
3071:
3036:
2959:
2941:
2893:
2875:
2827:
2794:
Eric D.; Jaakkola, Tommi S.; Barzilay, Regina; Collins, James J. (20 February 2020).
2760:
2748:
2705:
2651:"He was dying. Antibiotics weren't working. Then doctors tried a forgotten treatment"
2610:
2559:
2551:
2512:
2475:
Abbo, A; Navon-Venezia, S; Hammer-Muntz, O; Krichali, T; et al. (January 2005).
2457:
2407:
2355:
2334:
2326:
2289:
2240:
2195:
2150:
2097:
2047:
2029:
1976:
1962:
1927:
1922:
1913:
1893:
1874:
1829:
1776:
1717:
1699:
1652:
1613:
1558:
1473:
1432:
1418:
1375:
1335:
1304:
1258:
1188:
1149:
513:
350:
331:
216:
204:
4369:
4277:
4177:
4091:
3783:
3691:
3513:
3496:
3479:
2726:"Bacteriophage-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are resensitized to antimicrobials"
1849:"Evolution of AbaR-type genomic resistance islands in multiply antibiotic-resistant
1664:
1316:
1200:
857:
Scientists at MIT, Harvard's Broad Institute and MIT's CSAIL found a compound named
322:" due to its seemingly sudden emergence in military treatment facilities during the
4347:
4304:
4255:
4247:
4204:
4157:
4118:
4071:
4036:
4013:
3993:
3923:
3886:
3810:
3761:
3718:
3671:
3636:
3573:
3537:
3491:
3450:
3442:
3400:
3359:
3349:
3299:
3252:
3190:
3168:
3129:
3063:
3026:
2949:
2933:
2883:
2867:
2817:
2807:
2740:
2695:
2687:
2600:
2590:
2543:
2502:
2494:
2447:
2437:
2316:
2309:"The metabolite vanillic acid regulates Acinetobacter baumannii surface attachment"
2279:
2271:
2230:
2185:
2140:
2132:
2087:
2079:
2037:
2019:
1966:
1958:
1917:
1909:
1864:
1819:
1811:
1766:
1756:
1707:
1691:
1644:
1603:
1593:
1548:
1538:
1463:
1422:
1414:
1367:
1296:
1248:
1238:
1180:
1139:
1129:
4471:
2117:"OXA-235, a novel Class D Beta-Lactamase Involved in Resistance to Carbapenems in
3997:
3640:
3354:
3330:"The Complete Genome and Phenome of a Community-Acquired Acinetobacter baumannii"
3256:
2442:
2024:
1761:
1243:
870:
826:
are viruses that attack bacteria, and have also been demonstrated to resensitize
612:, this process seems to be mediated by pili. Further, disruption of the putative
490:
478:
87:
4122:
3157:"An increasing threat in hospitals: multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii"
3067:
1678:
Howard, Aoife; O’Donoghue, Michael; Feeney, Audrey; Sleator, Roy D. (May 2012).
1576:
Choi, Chul Hee; Lee, Jun Sik; Lee, Yoo Chul; Park, Tae In; Lee, Je Chul (2008).
992:
was found to be responsible for 19.1% of ventilator-associated pneumonia cases.
637:
through AbaR receptor, and AbaI autoinducer synthase. Moreover, inactivation of
425:, and different variations may be present in a given strain. Each consists of a
4429:
4394:
4352:
4331:
3927:
3891:
3870:
3814:
3577:
3013:
Meghoo, Colin A.; Dennis, James W.; Tuman, Caroline; Fang, Raymond (May 2012).
2937:
2871:
2812:
2744:
2190:
2169:
1063:
553:
220:
67:
4229:
4161:
3766:
3745:
3722:
3711:
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift für Dermatologie, Venerologie, und Verwandte Gebiete
3675:
3031:
3014:
1648:
1543:
1524:
1300:
4612:
4230:
Fitzpatrick, MA; Esterly, JS; Postelnick, MJ; Sutton, SH (July–August 2012).
2945:
2879:
2555:
2330:
2114:
2033:
1703:
1134:
1072:
862:
819:
807:
763:
656:
482:
230:
225:
179:
163:
159:
107:
97:
4208:
2914:"A new antibiotic traps lipopolysaccharide in its intermembrane transporter"
2776:"MIT's deep learning found an antibiotic for a germ nothing else could kill"
2579:"Renal and neurological side effects of colistin in critically ill patients"
2577:
Spapen, H; Jacobs, R; Van Gorp, V; Troubleyn, J; et al. (25 May 2011).
2531:
1631:
Lee, Jun Sik; Choi, Chul Hee; Kim, Jung Wook; Lee, Je Chul (23 June 2010). "
1598:
1184:
1118:"Antimicrobial Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: From Bench to Bedside"
885:
is effective in animal models, and is currently in Phase I clinical trials.
588:, found to be flanked by insertion sequences, suggesting it was acquired by
4361:
4316:
4269:
4216:
4169:
4130:
4083:
4048:
4005:
3966:
3935:
3900:
3855:
3822:
3775:
3730:
3683:
3648:
3612:
3585:
3549:
3505:
3464:
3414:
3373:
3313:
3264:
3182:
3141:
3075:
3040:
2963:
2897:
2831:
2752:
2709:
2614:
2595:
2563:
2516:
2498:
2461:
2338:
2293:
2244:
2199:
2154:
2101:
2051:
1980:
1931:
1878:
1833:
1780:
1721:
1656:
1617:
1562:
1477:
1379:
1308:
1262:
1192:
1153:
1096:
878:
486:
366:
362:
303:
234:
2532:"Tetracyclines for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections"
2235:
2214:
1436:
4438:
3541:
3405:
3388:
3304:
3287:
2722:
2691:
2136:
2083:
1869:
1848:
1815:
1054:
888:
767:
501:
3173:
3156:
1734:
4510:
4308:
2848:"A novel antibiotic class targeting the lipopolysaccharide transporter"
2275:
1794:Šeputienė, Vaida; Povilonis, Justas; Sužiedėlienė, Edita (April 2012).
1695:
897:. Previously, infection was thought to occur due to contamination with
799:
791:
709:
645:
565:
426:
370:
339:
174:
4458:
4290:
4251:
2321:
2308:
2212:
4492:
4040:
3868:
3155:
Dijkshoorn, Lenie; Nemec, Alexandr; Seifert, Harald (December 2007).
2474:
1796:"Novel Variants of AbaR Resistance Islands with a Common Backbone in
1009:
787:
779:
569:
522:
various carbapenems. Many other efflux pumps have been implicated in
509:
418:
410:
374:
342:
infections has been reported multiple times in medical publications.
166:
4400:
3796:
3743:
1280:
1167:
Antunes, Luísa C.S.; Visca, Paolo; Towner, Kevin J. (August 2014). "
845:
4497:
4423:
4389:
4143:
3704:
3389:"OXA-72-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Brazil: a case report"
2786:
2674:
Altamirano, Fernando L. Gordillo; Barr, Jeremy J. (20 March 2019).
2420:
1468:
1451:
803:
798:
has been noted. Consequently, treatment methods often fall back on
783:
771:
474:
323:
196:
57:
3913:
2529:
2350:
2348:
2257:
2213:
Tomaras, AP; Dorsey, CW; Edelmann, RE; Actis, LA (December 2003).
169:. It is named after the bacteriologist Paul Baumann. It can be an
4453:
3237:
1036:
874:
858:
605:
505:
434:
4104:
3835:
3326:
1525:
Kyriakidis, I; Vasileiou, E; Pana, Z-D; Tragiannidis, A (2021).
919:
infections have become increasingly common. Multidrug-resistant
311:
that are responsible for the majority of nosocomial infections.
4484:
2345:
2064:
1334:. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. p. 454.
1330:
Garrity, G., ed. (2000). "Pts. A & B: The Proteobacteria".
1018:
975:
and subsequent presence in hospitals has been well documented.
641:
557:
270:
3744:
Aivazova, V; Kainer, F; Friese, K; Mylonas, I (January 2010).
2844:
2219:: involvement of a novel chaperone-usher pili assembly system"
1793:
901:
at the time of injury. Subsequent studies showd that although
3386:
2910:
2576:
2258:
Worthington, RJ; Richards, JJ; Melander, C (7 October 2012).
1680:"Acinetobacter baumannii: An emerging opportunistic pathogen"
1677:
1045:
1027:
823:
414:
208:
4191:
Gusten, WM; Hansen, EA; Cunha, BA (January–February 2002). "
4061:
3948:
2215:"Attachment to and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces by
1891:
961:
Treatments requiring invasive devices like urinary catheters
556:, which is an enzyme responsible for cleaving the four-atom
4329:
3477:
3056:
The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care
1493:"Pentagon to Troop-Killing Superbugs: Resistance Is Futile"
1101:
184:
3427:
2306:
1527:"Acinetobacter baumannii Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms"
1358:
O'Shea, MK (May 2012). "Acinetobacter in modern warfare".
4190:
3979:
441:. There exist several resistance genes circulating along
3953:
isolation in cerebrospinal fluid in a febrile neonate".
3526:
750:
without yellow, green, or bloody mucus). In some cases,
576:
have been observed to express beta-lactamases known as
241:
spp. are the only members of the Moraxellaceae to lack
4026:
3484:
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
3154:
3118:
2167:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1281:"Extracellular stress and lipopolysaccharide modulate
1278:
935:
infections are highly prevalent in hospital settings.
889:
Occurrence in veterans injured in Iraq and Afghanistan
564:. Beta-lactam antibiotics are structurally related to
4378:
3012:
1993:
1944:
1892:
Magnet, S; Courvalin, P; Lambert, T (December 2001).
4232:"Successful treatment of extensively drug-resistant
2792:
1847:
Post, V.; White, P. A.; Hall, R. M. (7 April 2010).
584:-51, a class D beta-lactamase, has been observed in
3285:
1511:
659:as its sole carbon source, like its close relative
461:spp. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that the
307:species), a group of pathogens with a high rate of
3205:"Acinetobacter in Healthcare Settings - HAI - CDC"
2796:"A Deep Learning Approach to Antibiotic Discovery"
1996:"Identification of novel regulatory small RNAs in
1166:
955:Illness that requires use of a hospital ventilator
687:
187:samples (leading to the common misconception that
4330:Sullivan, DR; Shields, J; Netzer, G (June 2010).
2405:
931:Being referred to as an opportunistic infection,
671:promoters. This binding ables the repression of P
4610:
2170:"Effect of biofilm formation on the survival of
158:is a typically short, almost round, rod-shaped (
3984:Infection in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit".
1353:
1351:
1216:
3625:
3562:
2673:
2260:"Small molecule control of bacterial biofilms"
2168:Espinal, P; Martí, S; Vila, J (January 2012).
1945:Chau, SL; Chu, YW; Houang, ET (October 2004).
1575:
714:Wound and surgical site infections, including
177:) infection. While other species of the genus
2536:International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
1846:
1630:
1360:International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
1274:
1272:
3879:International Journal of Infectious Diseases
3629:The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
3598:
3100:. US Department of Health and Human Services
1392:
1348:
568:, which inhibits synthesis of the bacterial
3661:
429:backbone of about 16.3 Kb that facilitates
4297:American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
3871:"Macrophage activation syndrome following
3750:infection during pregnancy and puerperium"
3664:Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery
3098:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2386:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1357:
1332:Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology
1269:
958:Having an open wound treated in a hospital
401:
31:
4351:
4259:
3890:
3840:--case report and review of literature".
3765:
3698:
3495:
3454:
3404:
3363:
3353:
3303:
3172:
3030:
2953:
2887:
2821:
2811:
2699:
2676:"Phage Therapy in the Postantibiotic Era"
2604:
2594:
2506:
2451:
2441:
2320:
2283:
2234:
2189:
2144:
2091:
2041:
2023:
1970:
1921:
1868:
1823:
1770:
1760:
1711:
1607:
1597:
1552:
1542:
1467:
1426:
1252:
1242:
1212:
1210:
1143:
1133:
926:
3986:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
1490:
844:
832:
380:
1329:
552:has been shown to produce at least one
457:(NDM- AB) to environmental isolates of
4611:
3053:
2629:"Acinetobacter in Healthcare Settings"
1207:
1160:
1116:Lin, Ming-Feng; Lan, Chung-Yu (2014).
1115:
4405:
4404:
3754:Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
3530:Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
3393:Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
3292:Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
2125:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
2072:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
1951:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
1902:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
1857:Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
1804:Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
818:infection was recently treated using
413:. They may contain genes that encode
4573:18c20869-b6f7-4d24-8865-72167171eae8
4332:"Fatal case of multi-drug resistant
2264:Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
1449:
830:to antibiotics it normally resists.
595:
215:may also be due to the excretion of
2773:
2374:
1171:: evolution of a global pathogen".
877:has narrow-spectrum effectiveness.
13:
2412:"Increase of carbapenem-resistant
2356:"What Is Acinetobacter Baumannii?"
1456:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
451:New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1
14:
4655:
3955:The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
3843:The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
3803:The Journal of Hospital Infection
2548:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.12.031
2410:; Chien, LJ; et al. (2012).
2178:The Journal of Hospital Infection
1372:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.01.018
1094:
912:Landstuhl Regional Medical Center
544:
4388:
4076:10.1111/j.1442-200x.2008.02677.x
3447:10.1111/j.1399-3062.2011.00701.x
1963:10.1128/aac.48.10.4054-4055.2004
1914:10.1128/aac.45.12.3375-3380.2001
1419:10.1128/JCM.30.10.2680-2685.1992
1407:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
1393:Gerner-Smidt, P (October 1992).
44:
4323:
4284:
4223:
4184:
4137:
4098:
4055:
4020:
3973:
3942:
3907:
3862:
3829:
3790:
3737:
3655:
3619:
3592:
3556:
3520:
3497:10.1590/s0036-46652009000200010
3471:
3421:
3380:
3320:
3279:
3231:
3222:
3197:
3148:
3112:
3082:
3047:
3006:
2987:. United States. Archived from
2970:
2904:
2838:
2767:
2716:
2667:
2643:
2621:
2570:
2523:
2468:
2399:
2300:
2251:
2206:
2161:
2108:
2058:
1987:
1938:
1885:
1840:
1787:
1728:
1671:
1624:
1569:
1484:
1122:World Journal of Clinical Cases
943:Having a weakened immune system
688:Signs and symptoms of infection
496:
388:post-translational modification
269:has also been identified as an
3122:The Lancet Infectious Diseases
2774:Ray, Tiernan (13 March 2020).
1800:Isolates of European Clone II"
1491:Drummond, Katie (2010-05-24).
1443:
1386:
1323:
1109:
1088:
1:
3566:Journal of Hospital Infection
3435:Transplant Infectious Disease
3134:10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70471-6
2680:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
1082:
774:), a combination beta-lactam/
207:motility, likely mediated by
3998:10.1097/inf.0b013e318256f3e6
3641:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181a6dd36
3355:10.1371/journal.pone.0058628
3257:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a037ac
2486:Emerging Infectious Diseases
2443:10.1371/journal.pone.0037788
2025:10.1371/journal.pone.0093833
1762:10.1371/journal.pone.0208468
1285:surface-associated motility"
1244:10.1371/journal.pone.0057730
895:improvised explosive devices
757:
529:
369:, which causes formation of
251:is part of the ACB complex (
195:Bacteria of this genus lack
7:
4123:10.12968/bjon.2011.20.3.140
3161:Nature Reviews Microbiology
3068:10.1097/TA.0b013e318163c3f5
3019:Journal of Vascular Surgery
1637:The Journal of Microbiology
1397:Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
10:
4660:
4644:Bacteria described in 1986
4353:10.1177/000313481007600636
4150:Annals of Vascular Surgery
4111:British Journal of Nursing
3928:10.1016/j.jinf.2004.12.003
3892:10.1016/j.ijid.2011.12.002
3815:10.1016/j.jhin.2005.05.009
3578:10.1016/j.jhin.2010.11.006
2938:10.1038/s41586-023-06799-7
2872:10.1038/s41586-023-06873-0
2813:10.1016/j.cell.2020.01.021
2745:10.1038/s41564-020-00830-7
2191:10.1016/j.jhin.2011.08.013
1450:Rice, LB (15 April 2008).
865:that can effectively kill
810:have shown promise in MDR
219:, creating a film of high-
4413:
4240:Annals of Pharmacotherapy
4162:10.1007/s10016-006-9030-2
3767:10.1007/s00404-009-1107-z
3723:10.1007/s00105-010-1962-3
3676:10.1007/s00402-009-0958-x
3062:(Supplement): S232–S238.
3032:10.1016/j.jvs.2011.11.125
1649:10.1007/s12275-010-0155-1
1544:10.3390/pathogens10030373
1301:10.1007/s12275-012-1555-1
952:Lengthened hospital stays
778:(i.e., one that includes
355:type III secretion system
136:
129:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
4064:Pediatrics International
3916:The Journal of Infection
3709: : A case report".
2978:"Army Medical Logistics"
2583:Annals of Intensive Care
1135:10.12998/wjcc.v2.i12.787
996:Documented case studies
776:beta-lactamase inhibitor
739:Streptococcus pneumoniae
721:Urinary tract infections
635:acyl-homoserine lactones
614:pili chaperone and usher
590:horizontal gene transfer
431:horizontal gene transfer
4550:acinetobacter-baumannii
4445:Acinetobacter baumannii
4415:Acinetobacter baumannii
4334:Acinetobacter baumannii
4293:Acinetobacter baumannii
4234:Acinetobacter baumannii
4209:10.1067/mhl.2002.120258
4193:Acinetobacter baumannii
3982:Acinetobacter baumannii
3951:Acinetobacter baumannii
3873:Acinetobacter baumannii
3838:Acinetobacter baumannii
3799:Acinetobacter baumannii
3748:Acinetobacter baumannii
3707:Acinetobacter baumannii
3601:Medical Science Monitor
3094:in Healthcare Settings"
2479:Acinetobacter baumannii
2414:Acinetobacter baumannii
2217:Acinetobacter baumannii
2172:Acinetobacter baumannii
2119:Acinetobacter baumannii
1998:Acinetobacter baumannii
1896:Acinetobacter baumannii
1851:Acinetobacter baumannii
1798:Acinetobacter baumannii
1633:Acinetobacter baumannii
1599:10.1186/1471-2180-8-216
1580:Acinetobacter baumannii
1401:Acinetobacter baumannii
1289:Journal of Microbiology
1283:Acinetobacter baumannii
1185:10.1111/2049-632X.12125
1169:Acinetobacter baumannii
790:, but a steady rise in
562:beta-lactam antibiotics
455:Acinetobacter baumannii
447:Acinetobacter baumannii
402:AbaR resistance islands
396:mobile genetic elements
345:
293:Acinetobacter baumannii
155:Acinetobacter baumannii
146:Bouvet and Grimont 1986
140:Acinetobacter baumannii
25:Acinetobacter baumannii
4634:Gram-negative bacteria
4336:necrotizing fasciitis"
4146:Acinetobacter baumanii
4117:(3): 140, 142, 144–7.
3245:Critical Care Medicine
2596:10.1186/2110-5820-1-14
2499:10.3201/eid1101.040001
2313:Molecular Microbiology
927:Incidence in hospitals
854:
842:
706:Bloodstream infections
298:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
171:opportunistic pathogen
2477:"Multidrug-resistant
2236:10.1099/mic.0.26541-0
1173:Pathogens and Disease
873:. The candidate drug
848:
836:
733:Klebsiella pneumoniae
716:necrotizing fasciitis
407:Pathogenicity islands
381:Antibiotic resistance
309:antibiotic resistance
288:Klebsiella pneumoniae
282:Staphylococcus aureus
243:cytochrome c oxidases
4340:The American Surgeon
2692:10.1128/CMR.00066-18
2137:10.1128/AAC.02413-12
2084:10.1128/AAC.01261-13
1816:10.1128/AAC.05678-11
946:Chronic lung disease
869:. The compound is a
699:infections include:
631:two-component system
535:Bacterial small RNAs
373:. This leads to the
276:Enterococcus faecium
16:Species of bacterium
4639:Pathogenic bacteria
4195:pseudomeningitis".
4029:Clinical Nephrology
3346:2013PLoSO...858628F
3174:10.1038/nrmicro1789
2930:2024Natur.625..572P
2864:2024Natur.625..566Z
2733:Nature Microbiology
2434:2012PLoSO...737788S
2016:2014PLoSO...993833S
1753:2018PLoSO..1308468L
1395:"Ribotyping of the
1235:2013PLoSO...857730Y
997:
971:The importation of
539:multidrug-resistant
526:resistant strains.
439:insertion sequences
334:, coinfection with
318:is referred to as "
183:are often found in
78:Gammaproteobacteria
4629:Bacterial diseases
4309:10.2146/ajhp100234
4109:outbreak in ICU".
3542:10.1093/jac/dks223
3406:10.1093/jac/dkq462
3305:10.1093/jac/dkl347
2806:(4): 688–702.e13.
2406:Su, CH; Wang, JT;
2276:10.1039/c2ob25835h
2229:(Pt 12): 3473–84.
1870:10.1093/jac/dkq095
1696:10.4161/viru.19700
995:
855:
843:
582:beta-lactamase OXA
4619:Food microbiology
4606:
4605:
4581:Open Tree of Life
4407:Taxon identifiers
4252:10.1345/aph.1r086
3536:(10): 2531–2532.
2924:(7995): 572–577.
2858:(7995): 566–571.
2388:. 6 November 2019
2322:10.1111/mmi.15234
1341:978-0-387-95040-2
1080:
1079:
596:Biofilm formation
514:periplasmic space
332:COVID-19 pandemic
233:by performing an
217:exopolysaccharide
151:
150:
122:A. baumannii
4651:
4599:
4598:
4589:
4588:
4576:
4575:
4566:
4565:
4553:
4552:
4540:
4539:
4527:
4526:
4514:
4513:
4501:
4500:
4488:
4487:
4475:
4474:
4462:
4461:
4449:
4448:
4447:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4402:
4401:
4393:
4392:
4384:
4374:
4373:
4355:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4295:ventriculitis".
4288:
4282:
4281:
4263:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4197:Heart & Lung
4188:
4182:
4181:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4041:10.5414/cnp72488
4024:
4018:
4017:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3894:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3769:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3499:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3458:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3408:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3367:
3357:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3307:
3298:(5): 1078–1081.
3283:
3277:
3276:
3251:(8): 2360–2369.
3235:
3229:
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3176:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3034:
3025:(5): 1329–1337.
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2993:
2982:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2957:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2891:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2825:
2815:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2730:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2703:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2608:
2598:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2510:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2455:
2445:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2352:
2343:
2342:
2324:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2287:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2238:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2193:
2174:on dry surfaces"
2165:
2159:
2158:
2148:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2095:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2045:
2027:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1974:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1925:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1872:
1863:(6): 1162–1170.
1844:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1810:(4): 1969–1973.
1791:
1785:
1784:
1774:
1764:
1747:(12): e0208468.
1732:
1726:
1725:
1715:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1601:
1586:BMC Microbiology
1573:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1546:
1522:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1471:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1430:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1256:
1246:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1147:
1137:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1092:
998:
994:
560:ring typical of
258:A. calcoaceticus
221:molecular-weight
142:
49:
48:
35:
21:
20:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4594:
4592:
4584:
4579:
4571:
4569:
4561:
4556:
4548:
4543:
4535:
4530:
4522:
4517:
4509:
4504:
4496:
4491:
4483:
4478:
4470:
4465:
4457:
4452:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4409:
4399:
4387:
4379:
4377:
4328:
4324:
4303:(16): 1527–31.
4289:
4285:
4228:
4224:
4189:
4185:
4142:
4138:
4103:
4099:
4060:
4056:
4025:
4021:
3978:
3974:
3947:
3943:
3912:
3908:
3867:
3863:
3834:
3830:
3795:
3791:
3742:
3738:
3703:
3699:
3660:
3656:
3624:
3620:
3607:(11): CS163-5.
3597:
3593:
3561:
3557:
3525:
3521:
3476:
3472:
3426:
3422:
3385:
3381:
3325:
3321:
3284:
3280:
3236:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3213:
3211:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3167:(12): 939–951.
3153:
3149:
3117:
3113:
3103:
3101:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3052:
3048:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2909:
2905:
2843:
2839:
2791:
2787:
2772:
2768:
2728:
2721:
2717:
2672:
2668:
2659:
2657:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2575:
2571:
2528:
2524:
2473:
2469:
2404:
2400:
2391:
2389:
2382:"Acinetobacter"
2380:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2360:Everyday Health
2354:
2353:
2346:
2305:
2301:
2270:(37): 7457–74.
2256:
2252:
2211:
2207:
2166:
2162:
2113:
2109:
2063:
2059:
1992:
1988:
1943:
1939:
1908:(12): 3375–80.
1890:
1886:
1845:
1841:
1792:
1788:
1733:
1729:
1676:
1672:
1629:
1625:
1574:
1570:
1523:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1489:
1485:
1448:
1444:
1391:
1387:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1328:
1324:
1277:
1270:
1215:
1208:
1165:
1161:
1128:(12): 787–814.
1114:
1110:
1097:"Acinetobacter"
1093:
1089:
1085:
929:
891:
871:repurposed drug
802:, particularly
760:
690:
655:is able to use
598:
547:
532:
499:
491:chloramphenicol
479:aminoglycosides
419:coagulate blood
404:
383:
348:
147:
144:
138:
125:
88:Pseudomonadales
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4657:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4590:
4577:
4567:
4554:
4541:
4528:
4515:
4502:
4489:
4476:
4463:
4450:
4435:
4419:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4398:
4397:
4376:
4375:
4322:
4283:
4222:
4183:
4136:
4097:
4054:
4019:
3972:
3941:
3922:(3): e149–52.
3906:
3861:
3828:
3789:
3736:
3697:
3670:(3): 381–384.
3654:
3618:
3591:
3572:(3): 278–279.
3555:
3519:
3490:(2): 111–113.
3470:
3441:(3): 316–320.
3420:
3399:(2): 452–454.
3379:
3319:
3278:
3230:
3221:
3196:
3147:
3128:(6): 317–318.
3111:
3081:
3046:
3005:
2969:
2903:
2837:
2785:
2766:
2739:(2): 157–161.
2715:
2666:
2642:
2620:
2569:
2542:(5): 455–460.
2522:
2467:
2398:
2373:
2362:. 18 June 2015
2344:
2299:
2250:
2205:
2160:
2107:
2078:(2): 936–949.
2057:
1986:
1957:(10): 4054–5.
1937:
1898:strain BM4454"
1884:
1839:
1786:
1727:
1690:(3): 243–250.
1670:
1643:(3): 387–392.
1623:
1568:
1510:
1483:
1469:10.1086/533452
1462:(8): 1079–81.
1442:
1413:(10): 2680–5.
1385:
1347:
1340:
1322:
1295:(3): 434–443.
1268:
1206:
1179:(3): 292–301.
1159:
1108:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:United Kingdom
1060:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1002:
963:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
928:
925:
890:
887:
759:
756:
724:
723:
718:
712:
707:
704:
689:
686:
597:
594:
578:Acinetobacter-
554:beta-lactamase
546:
545:Beta-lactamase
543:
531:
528:
498:
495:
483:aminocyclitols
449:(XDR- AB) and
403:
400:
382:
379:
377:of the cell.
347:
344:
314:Colloquially,
211:. Motility in
149:
148:
145:
134:
133:
127:
126:
119:
117:
113:
112:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
68:Pseudomonadota
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4656:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4624:Moraxellaceae
4622:
4620:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4597:
4591:
4587:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4568:
4564:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4408:
4403:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4385:
4382:
4371:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4335:
4326:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4287:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4235:
4226:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4187:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4140:
4132:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4101:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4035:(6): 488–91.
4034:
4030:
4023:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3992:(7): 685–90.
3991:
3987:
3983:
3976:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3945:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3910:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3885:(3): e223–4.
3884:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3865:
3857:
3853:
3850:(5): 548–54.
3849:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3832:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3793:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3749:
3740:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3717:(2): 128–30.
3716:
3713:(in German).
3712:
3708:
3701:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3658:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3622:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3595:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3559:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3523:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3474:
3466:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3340:(3): e58628.
3339:
3335:
3331:
3323:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3282:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3234:
3225:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3115:
3099:
3095:
3093:
3092:Acinetobacter
3085:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3009:
2994:on 2013-03-23
2990:
2986:
2979:
2973:
2965:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2841:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2670:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2630:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2480:
2471:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2428:(5): e37788.
2427:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2415:
2409:
2402:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2295:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2173:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2131:(5): 2121–6.
2130:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2010:(4): e93833.
2009:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1572:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1366:(5): 363–75.
1365:
1361:
1354:
1352:
1343:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1275:
1273:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1229:(3): e57730.
1228:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1211:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1091:
1087:
1076:
1074:
1073:United States
1071:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1000:
999:
993:
991:
987:
986:Acinetobacter
982:
978:
974:
969:
967:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
941:
940:
938:
934:
924:
922:
918:
913:
908:
904:
900:
896:
886:
884:
883:A. baumannii,
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
863:deep learning
860:
852:
847:
840:
835:
831:
829:
825:
821:
820:phage therapy
817:
813:
809:
808:tetracyclines
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:cephalosporin
755:
753:
748:
743:
741:
740:
735:
734:
729:
722:
719:
717:
713:
711:
708:
705:
702:
701:
700:
698:
694:
685:
683:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
657:vanillic acid
654:
649:
647:
643:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
602:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
542:
540:
536:
527:
525:
520:
515:
511:
507:
503:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:Acinetobacter
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
399:
397:
393:
392:Acinetobacter
389:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
343:
341:
338:secondary to
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
305:
300:
299:
294:
290:
289:
284:
283:
278:
277:
272:
268:
264:
263:Acinetobacter
260:
259:
254:
250:
246:
244:
240:
239:Acinetobacter
236:
232:
231:Moraxellaceae
228:
227:
226:Acinetobacter
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
190:
186:
182:
181:
180:Acinetobacter
176:
172:
168:
165:
164:Gram-negative
161:
160:coccobacillus
157:
156:
143:
141:
135:
132:
131:Binomial name
128:
124:
123:
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:
109:Acinetobacter
106:
103:
102:
99:
98:Moraxellaceae
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
59:
56:
53:
52:
47:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
4414:
4346:(6): 651–3.
4343:
4339:
4333:
4325:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4246:(7–8): e17.
4243:
4239:
4233:
4225:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4186:
4156:(3): 415–7.
4153:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4114:
4110:
4107:A. baumannii
4106:
4100:
4070:(4): 584–5.
4067:
4063:
4057:
4032:
4028:
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766:(
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