246:(1) Stillborn son, 1813 to Ann Judson; (2) Roger Williams Judson, 11/11/1814 to Ann Judson (lived only 2 wks); (3) Maria Elizabeth Butterworth Judson, 1/26/1825 - 4/26/1827 to Ann Judson; (4) Abigail Ann Judson, 10/31/1835 to Sarah Judson; (5) Adoniram Judson Jr., 4/7/1837 to Sarah Judson; (6) Elnathan Judson, 7/15/1838 to Sarah Judson; (7) Henry Judson, 12/31/1839 - 7/31/1841 to Sarah Judson; (8) Stillborn son named Luther in 1840 to Sarah Judson; (9) Henry Judson, July 1842 (named in honor of baby Henry who had passed the previous year) to Sarah Judson; (10) Charles Judson, 12/18/1843 - 8/1845 to Sarah Judson; (11) Edward Judson 12/27/1844 to Sarah Judson; (12) Emily Frances Judson, 12/26/1847 to Emily Judson; (13) Charles Judson, 4/13/1850 (passed the same day) to Emily Judson.
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The core of what they called their "Tradition of the Elders" was a belief in an unchangeable, eternal, all-powerful God, creator of heaven and earth, of man, and of woman formed from a rib taken from the man (Genesis). They believed in humanity's temptation by a devil, and its fall, and that some day
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In 1828, the former Karen bandit, "whose rough, undisciplined genius, energy and zeal for Christ" (Sarah B Judson) had caught the notice of the missionaries, was sent south with a new missionary couple, the
Boardmans, into the territory of the strongly animistic, non-Buddhist Karen. Ko Tha Byu was no
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and in the hills along the southeast coast. Judson was the first missionary to make contact with them in 1827, when he ransomed and freed a debt-slave from one of his early converts. The freed slave, Ko Tha Byu, was an illiterate, surly man who spoke almost no
Burmese and was reputed to be not only a
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on
September 1, 1845. He continued home, where he was greeted as a celebrity and toured the eastern seaboard raising the profile of and money for missionary activity. Because he could barely speak above a whisper, due to pulmonary illness, his public addresses were made by speaking to an assistant,
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In 1810, Judson joined a group of mission-minded students who called themselves "The
Brethren"; the students inspired the establishment of America's first organized missionary society. Eager to serve abroad, Judson became convinced that "Asia with its idolatrous myriads, was the most important field
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The essence of Judson's preaching was a combination of conviction of the truth with the rationality of the
Christian faith, a firm belief in the authority of the Bible, and a determination to make Christianity relevant to the Burmese mind without violating the integrity of Christian truth, or as he
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the son of God died on the cross. U Shwe Ngong shook his head and said, "Ah, you have caught me now. I believe that he suffered death, but I cannot believe he suffered the shameful death on the cross." Not long after, he came back to tell Judson, "I have been trusting in my own reason, not the word
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dictionary; missionary E. A. Steven completed the
English-Burmese half. Every dictionary and grammar written in Burma in the last two centuries has been based on ones originally created by Judson. Judson "became a symbol of the preeminence of Bible translation for" Protestant missionaries. In the
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Most of the growth of
Baptist churches in Burma was in British-ruled territory, rather than the Burmese-ruled kingdom. Most of the growth came from animist tribes, rather than from the major population group, the Buddhist Burmese. The first Burmese pastor Judson ordained was Ko-Thah-a, one of the
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During this time they were almost entirely isolated from contact with any
European or American. Four years passed before Judson dared even to hold a semi-public service. At first, he tried adapting to Burmese customs by wearing a yellow robe to mark himself as a teacher of religion, but he soon
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Baptists, was impermeable to
Christian evangelism. Judson, who already knew Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, immediately began studying Burmese grammar but took over three years to learn to speak it. This was due, in part, to the radical difference in structure between Burmese and Western languages. He
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Judson's deist views were shaken when his friend Eames fell violently ill and died. Both had been sleeping in separate rooms at an inn, and Judson heard the death throes of the person next door, only to learn from the clerk the next morning that his anonymous neighbor had been Mr. Eames, who had
701:; Britain responded by attacking and absorbing two Burmese provinces into her India holdings to broaden her trade routes to East Asia. The war was a rough interruption of the Baptists' missionary work. English-speaking Americans were too easily confused with the enemy and suspected of spying.
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Bagyidaw disregarded their appeal and threw one of their Gospel tracts to the ground after reading a few lines. The missionaries returned to
Rangoon and met with the fledgling church there to consider what to do next. The progress of Christianity would continue to be slow with much risk of
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that were the first to break off from the national organization. Publication of his wife Ann's letters about their mission inspired many Americans to become or support Christian missionaries. At least 36 Baptist churches in the United States are named after Judson, as well as the town of
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823:-infested jungles to evangelize the northern Karen. Between trips, he worked unceasingly at his lifelong goal of translating the entire Bible into Burmese. When he finished it at last in 1834, he had been labouring on it for 24 years. It was printed and published in 1835.
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After her husband was released by the Burmese, Ann wrote that one good result of the war could be that terms of the treaty which ceded Burmese provinces to the British might provide opportunity to expand the witness of the mission into unreached parts of the country.
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A printing press had been sent from Serampore, and a missionary printer, George H. Hough, who arrived from America with his wife in 1817, produced the first printed materials in Burmese ever printed in Burma, which included 800 copies of Judson's translation of the
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and then at Aung Pinle. Judson and Price were violently arrested. Officers led by an official executioner burst into the Judson home, threw Judson to the ground in front of his wife, bound him with torture thongs, and dragged him off to the prison of Ava.
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While the Boardmans and Ko Tha Byu were penetrating the jungles to the south, Judson shook off a paralyzing year-long siege of depression that overcame him after the death of his wife and set out alone on long canoe trips up the Salween River into the
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sooner baptized, when he set off into the jungle alone to preach to his fellow tribe members. Astonishingly, he found them prepared for his preaching. Their ancient oracle traditions, handed down for centuries, contained some startling echoes of the
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indeed died. The shock of learning the dying neighbor's identity – and that Eames had led Judson away from the Christian faith into skepticism, but was now dead – returned Judson back to the faith of his youth, although he was already attending the
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is named after his wife Ann and a dormitory at Maranatha Baptist University carries his name. Christian Union owns and operates a ministry center named after him at his undergraduate alma mater, Brown University. His seminary alma mater,
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traditions and the Burmese worldview at that time led many to disregard the pleadings of Adoniram and his wife to believe in one living and all-powerful God. Their second child, Roger William Judson, died at almost eight months of age.
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The collapse of Burma's armies brought Judson out of prison, but his release was not complete freedom. In 1826, several months after the surrender, Burma pressed Judson into service as a translator for the peace negotiations.
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skeptic to whose mind the preaching of Judson, once a college skeptic himself, was singularly challenging. After consideration, he assured Judson that he was ready to believe in God, Jesus Christ, and the atonement.
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told the Burma Christian Council "Oh no, a new translation is not necessary. Judson's captures the language and idiom of Burmese perfectly and is very clear and understandable." Though the Bible has been translated
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is Judson Church, named in his honor, and in 1920 Judson College, named in his honor, merged into Rangoon College, which has since been renamed Yangon University. The American University named in his honor,
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in the world for missionary effort". He, and three other students from the seminary, appeared before the Congregationalists' General Association to appeal for support. In 1810, the elders voted to form the
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It took Judson 12 years to make 18 converts. His wife, Ann, was even more fluent in the spoken language of the people than her more academically literate husband. She befriended the wife of the viceroy of
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On September 19, Judson was appointed by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions as a missionary to the East. Judson was also commissioned by the Congregational Church, and married
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By the time of Judson's death, he had translated the Bible into Burmese as well as a half-completed Burmese-English dictionary. Burma at the time had 100 churches, and over 8,000 believers.
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Twelve months later, Judson and Price, along with a small group of surviving Western prisoners, were marched overland for six more months of misery in a primitive village near
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One of the early disciples was U Shwe Ngong, a teacher and leader of a group of intellectuals dissatisfied with Buddhism, who were attracted to the new faith. He was a
373:) when he was sixteen, and graduated as valedictorian of his class at the age of nineteen. While studying at college, he met a young man named Jacob Eames, a devout
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by the roadside calling out "Ho! Every one that thirsteth for knowledge!" The first believer was baptized in 1819, and there were 18 believers by 1822.
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By 1823, ten years after his arrival, membership of the little church had grown to 18, and Judson finished the first draft of his translation of the
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a Great Messiah would come to its rescue. They lived in expectation of a prophecy that white foreigners would bring them a sacred parchment roll.
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Judson developed a serious lung disease and doctors prescribed a sea voyage as a cure. On April 12, 1850, he died at age 61 on board ship in the
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It was another difficult year before the Judsons finally reached their intended destination, Burma. Buddhist Burma, Judson was told by the
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Sarah Cummings and Jason Tuma arrived in 1832. Cummings proved her mettle at once, choosing to work alone with Karen evangelists in the
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Judson, instead of welcoming him to the faith, pressed him further asking if he believed what he had read in the gospel of Matthew that
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on June 17, 1812. While aboard ship en route to India, he did a focused study on the theology of baptism. He came to the position that
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found a tutor and spent twelve hours per day studying the language. He and his wife firmly dedicated themselves to understanding it.
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1706:, revised and enlarged by Robert C. Stevenson, revised and edited by F. H. Eveleth, Rangoon: American Baptist Mission Press, 1921.
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Each July, Baptist churches in Myanmar celebrate "Judson Day," commemorating his arrival as a missionary. Inside the campus of
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and was buried at sea, having spent 37 years abroad with only one trip back home to America. A memorial to Judson was built on
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First attempts by the Judsons to interest the natives of Rangoon with the Gospel of Jesus met with almost total indifference.
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in the area, so the group of missionaries separated and sought other mission fields. They were ordered out of India by the
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Maung Shwe Wa & Sowards, Burma Baptist Chronicle, 1963, Board of Publications Burma Baptist Convention Rangoon, p. 66
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had the third largest number of Baptists worldwide, behind the United States and India. The majority of adherents are
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minister, and Abigail (née Brown). Judson entered the College of Rhode Island & Providence Plantations (now
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thief, but also a murderer who admitted killing at least 30 men, but could not remember exactly how many more.
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James, Helen. "Adoniram Judson and the Creation of a Missionary Discourse in Pre-Colonial Burma."
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of 1824: Burma's desire for more territory, and Britain's desire for more trade. Burma threatened
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British prisoners-of-war imprisoned with them, all but one died. He spent 20 months in prison.
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was theologically valid and should be done as a matter of obedience to the command of Jesus (
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In 1820, Judson and a fellow missionary named Colman petitioned the Emperor of Burma, King
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led to the formation of the first Baptist association in America to support missionaries.
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1698:, revised and enlarged by Robert C. Stevenson, Rangoon: Government Printing, Burma, 1893.
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Bradshaw, Robert I. "the life and Work of Adoniram Judson, Missionary to Burma." (1992).
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A Burmese-English dictionary (English-Burmese portion completed posthumously, see below)
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of God…. I now believe the crucifixion of Christ because it is contained in scripture."
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Burmese Bible, as well as portions published before the entire text was translated
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that some scholars conjecture a linkage with Jewish communities (or possibly even
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into Burmese, Judson's translation remains the most popular version in Myanmar.
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Judson was one of the first Protestant missionaries to Burma. He translated the
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Adoniram Judson: A Bicentennial Appreciation of the Pioneer American Missionary
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Judson offered to Baptists in the United States to serve as their missionary.
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Both the local and British authorities did not want Americans evangelizing
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Memoir of Sarah Boardman Judson, Member of the American mission to Burma.
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Venture of Faith: The Story of the American Baptist Missionary Society
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The Karen Apostle, or, Memoir of Ko tha Byu, the First Karen convert
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A History of Christianity in Asia, Vol. II: 1500-1900 - Volume 2
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Judson was imprisoned for 17 months during the war between the
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by immersion in Calcutta by an English missionary associate of
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for almost forty years. At the age of 25, Judson was sent from
1652:— Translated from The Original Tongues by Rev. A. Judson, D.D.
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On June 2, 1846, Judson married for the third time, to writer
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A memoir of the Life and Labors of the Rev. Adoniram Judson
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The Karen people were a hunted minority group of ancient
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on February 5, 1812. He was ordained the next day at the
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A Century of Baptist Foreign Missions; An Outline Sketch
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Online Burmese Bible (Compatible with Burmese Knowledge)
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Adoniram Judson’s spiritual descendants in Massachusetts
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original group of converts, who refounded the church at
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and established a number of Baptist churches in Burma.
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Brackney, William H. "The Legacy of Adoniram Judson."
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in Salem. On February 19, he set sail aboard the brig
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19th-century Baptist ministers from the United States
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ancestry scattered in the forests and jungles of the
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1432:, article by Tobin Perry, published December 9, 2019
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Four Lessons From the Life Of Adoniram Judson - Pt 3
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American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
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Moung Shway Moung, an early convert to Christianity
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1690:New York: Anson D. F. Randolph & Company, 1883
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547:He accommodated some Burmese customs and built a
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1462:To the golden shore: The life of Adoniram Judson
1190:To the Golden Shore: The Life of Adoniram Judson
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1724:, edited by Howard B. Grose and Fred P. Haggard
1299:, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, USA, 1999, p. 346
473:denomination along with his wife and they were
441:; and his wife, Ann (known as "Nancy") Judson.
739:On October 24, 1826, Ann died at Amherst (now
620:endangerment and death in the Burmese Empire.
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1635:Google E-text of an 1853 Biography Volume Two
1630:Google E-text of an 1853 Biography Volume One
1469:International Bulletin of Missionary Research
1464:(Little, Brown, 1956), The standard biography
1297:Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions
1150:, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2021, p. 332
1640:A memorial church to Adoniram and Ann Judson
1589:Among the Burmans: A Record of Fifteen Years
1129:. New York, A. D. F. Randolph & Company.
2280:Baptist missionaries from the United States
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1443:U.S. Department of Transportation website,
1379:"The Man Who Gave the Bible to the Burmese"
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1972:
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1597:New York: Sheldon, Lamport & Blakeman.
1311:"Abraham Judson, Burma's First Missionary"
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585:Grammatical Notices of the Burman Language
2220:19th-century American non-fiction writers
1004:), gives out an annual The Judson Award.
645:The Bible in Burmese translated by Judson
469:On September 6, 1812, he switched to the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2125:American Baptist Foreign Mission Society
1953:Myanmar Evangelical Christian Fellowship
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934:1950s, Burma's Buddhist prime minister
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826:In April of that same year, he married
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1675:Hymn: "Come, Holy Spirit, Dove Divine"
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532:changed to white to show he was not a
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357:Judson was born on August 9, 1788, in
2330:Translators of the Bible into Burmese
2320:People of the First Anglo-Burmese War
2140:Australian Baptist Missionary Society
1994:Protestant missions to Southeast Asia
1967:
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1703:The Judson Burmese-English dictionary
1362:Christian History Institute website,
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1148:Historical Dictionary of the Baptists
961:Northern Baptist Theological Seminary
864:, after five years of mission to the
839:who would then address the audience.
1562:Burmese Encyclopedia: Vol 12, p-444,
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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2275:Andover Theological Seminary alumni
1859:Oriental Orthodox Church in Myanmar
1695:Judson's Burmese-English dictionary
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978:Judson's change to the validity of
903:Judson Memorial Baptist Church, in
689:Two opposite hungers triggered the
413:Sailing from Salem on the "Caravan"
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2215:19th-century American male writers
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1556:Encyclopedia of Southern Baptists,
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1377:Richard V. Pierard (Spring 2006).
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1043:Our Father, God, Who art in Heaven
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2315:People from Malden, Massachusetts
2260:American male non-fiction writers
2225:19th-century American translators
1829:Church of the Province of Myanmar
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1551:Dictionary of Baptists in America
1411:Christian History & Biography
1405:Rosalie Hall Hunt (Spring 2006).
1383:Christian History & Biography
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1002:Andover Newton Theological School
513:American Baptist Missionary Union
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1722:The Judson Centennial, 1814-1914
1326:(English text is at the bottom.)
1252:Adoniram Judson: Bound for Burma
1103:John Alexander Stewart (scholar)
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895:Judson Church, Yangon University
860:In 1835, a second single woman,
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2290:Baptist missionaries in Myanmar
2250:American expatriates in Myanmar
1844:Methodist Church, Upper Myanmar
1549:Leonard, Bill J., editor. 1994.
1534:(Penguin Books, 1986) pp 293–95
1532:A History of Christian Missions
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363:Middlesex County, Massachusetts
34:needs additional citations for
16:American missionary (1788–1850)
1849:Presbyterian Church of Myanmar
1490:. Auburn, NY: Derby and Miller
1337:"The First Baptist Missionary"
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1212:History of Mission: Ann Judson
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2310:American missionary linguists
2285:Baptist missionaries in India
2245:American expatriates in India
2135:American Presbyterian Mission
1109:
1047:Come Holy Spirit, Dove Divine
830:, widow of fellow missionary
783:in the presence of the dying
731:Ann visits Adoniram in prison
677:Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826)
498:declared war on Great Britain
344:
1854:Roman Catholicism in Myanmar
1785:Assemblies of God of Myanmar
1688:The Life of Adoniram Judson.
1576:Memoir of Mrs Ann H. Judson,
1250:Benge, Janet; Benge, Geoff.
1210:The Traveling Team website,
998:Andover Theological Seminary
883:in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
391:Andover Theological Seminary
205:Andover Theological Seminary
141:George Peter Alexander Healy
7:
2235:19th-century lexicographers
1805:Lairawn Baptist Association
1608:Adoniram Judson biographies
1521:The Life of Adoniram Judson
1238:Adoniram Judson (1788-1850)
1126:The Life of Adoniram Judson
1052:
587:the following July and the
404:
353:House where Judson was born
10:
2346:
2270:American religious writers
2150:Borneo Evangelical Mission
2145:Baptist Missionary Society
494:British East India Company
318:missionary, who worked in
2265:American prisoners of war
2183:
2160:London Missionary Society
2117:
2034:
2023:
1999:
1943:
1925:William Orison Valentine
1867:
1777:
1487:Memoir of Adoniram Judson
1188:Courtney Anderson (1987)
993:Judson College in Alabama
886:
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1574:Knowles, James D. 1829.
1537:Wayland, Francis. 1853.
1511:Journal of Burma Studies
1502:Duesing, Jason G. 2012.
1169:"Judson, Adoniram"
1021:was named in his honor.
685:Judson imprisoned at Ava
2300:Brown University alumni
2255:American lexicographers
1771:Christianity in Myanmar
1711:Adoniram and Ann Judson
1618:April 11, 2006, at the
1613:Life and Work of Judson
1593:Judson, Emily C. 1848.
1484:Clement, Jesse (1852).
1428:Baptist Press website,
1282:Field Partner website,
1175:Encyclopædia Britannica
1123:Judson, Edward (1883).
1014:, was named after him.
1010:, a former Governor of
691:First Anglo-Burmese War
511:) and its offshoot the
454:The Judsons arrived in
2325:People who died at sea
2155:Church Mission Society
1680:March 3, 2016, at the
1581:Mason, Francis. 1843.
1543:Torbet, Robert. 1955.
1266:Moffett, Samuel Hugh.
1236:Missions Box website,
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2059:Ann Hasseltine Judson
1910:Ann Hasseltine Judson
1558:Norman W. Cox, editor
1506:. B & H Academic.
1146:William H. Brackney,
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238:, 1846–50 (his death)
233:, 1834–45 (her death)
228:, 1812–26 (her death)
163:Malden, Massachusetts
2165:Mission to the World
1730:Missiology website,
1720:Missiology website,
1645:Online Burmese Bible
1460:Anderson, Courtney.
1295:Gerald H. Anderson,
1081:United States portal
708:and Burma, first at
509:Triennial Convention
43:improve this article
2186:Portal:Christianity
2118:Missionary agencies
2049:Sarah Hall Boardman
1944:Interdenominational
1880:Sarah Hall Boardman
1715:Template:Eebarchive
1625:SBHLA bio of Judson
963:, which moved from
828:Sarah Hall Boardman
557:Naw) was an ethnic
445:Ministry background
231:Sarah Hall Boardman
139:Adoniram Judson by
2175:SEND International
1513:7.1 (2002): 1-28.
1471:22.3 (1998): 122+
980:believer's baptism
973:Rockford, Illinois
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2084:Dan Beach Bradley
2074:John Taylor Jones
2017:Missions timeline
1961:
1960:
1900:John Taylor Jones
1839:Lisu Christianity
1834:Lahu Christianity
1657:"Adoniram Judson"
1037:A Burmese Grammar
984:Southern Baptists
969:Lombard, Illinois
953:Judson University
948:Yangon University
635:Gospel of Matthew
590:Gospel of Matthew
423:Tabernacle Church
312:Congregationalist
264:
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58:"Adoniram Judson"
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2007:Christianity
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1885:Nathan Brown
1868:Missionaries
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1666:February 26,
1664:. Retrieved
1661:Find a Grave
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1345:. Retrieved
1343:. March 2014
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2210:1850 deaths
2205:1788 births
1494:October 21,
1041:Two hymns:
881:Burial Hill
868:Indians in
779:Baptism of
505:Luther Rice
431:Luther Rice
383:philosophes
328:Luther Rice
189:Nationality
2199:Categories
2000:Background
1198:0817011218
1110:References
926:and Chin.
907:, Myanmar.
836:St. Helena
809:Nestorians
745:Tenasserim
595:evangelism
345:Early life
314:and later
211:Occupation
156:1788-08-09
69:newspapers
914:By 2006,
754:Ko-Thah-a
741:Kyaikkami
720:. Of the
525:Serampore
251:Signature
222:Spouse(s)
1790:Baptists
1678:Archived
1616:Archived
1417:: 39–41.
1389:: 16–21.
1053:See also
989:Judsonia
905:Mandalay
870:Michigan
855:Moulmein
718:Mandalay
606:Bagyidaw
577:Buddhist
534:Buddhist
475:baptized
456:Calcutta
405:Marriage
243:Children
192:American
1795:Myanmar
1578:252–259
1523:(1883)
1320:June 4,
1200:. p. 50
1000:, (now
965:Chicago
931:English
916:Myanmar
866:Ojibway
851:malaria
765:Rangoon
626:Rangoon
471:Baptist
427:Caravan
379:skeptic
339:Burmese
154: (
83:scholar
2036:People
1812:Kachin
1778:Groups
1525:online
1515:online
1479:online
1473:online
1196:
924:Kachin
887:Legacy
699:Bengal
490:Hindus
481:named
359:Malden
143:, 1846
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1817:Karen
920:Karen
821:tiger
722:sepoy
695:Assam
659:Jesus
651:Deist
599:zayat
550:zayat
429:with
375:deist
337:into
335:Bible
320:Burma
216:Burma
90:JSTOR
76:books
1822:Zomi
1800:Chin
1668:2009
1496:2016
1349:2014
1322:2006
1194:ISBN
1045:and
1012:Ohio
936:U Nu
697:and
437:and
377:and
203:and
170:Died
149:Born
62:news
967:to
710:Ava
569:Nai
559:Mon
555:Nai
466:).
45:by
2201::
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303:m
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288:ˈ
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282:d
279:æ
276:ˌ
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