Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)

1301:, as he was the principal military commander of entire Pakistan's combatant forces. Training of the Taliban was provided by Colonel (retired) Tarar and, financial assistance was managed by General (retired) Hamid Gul. Major-General Ziauddin Butt served as the intelligence coordinator under General Naseem Rana. In this entire course of the war, all of the leading generals reported to General Naseem Rana who, of course, submitted his evaluation and later brief General Musharraf on the efforts led by him in Afghanistan. General Musharraf also sent young military and paramilitary soldiers under General Naseem to fight against the Northern Alliance, and none of them were told by General Musharraf or General Naseem Rana on why they are being sent to fight the war, on behalf of Taliban, against the enemy who did not declare the war on Pakistan, The Northern Alliance. The Pakistani soldiers fought the war with Khaki 1209: 2001:, which was the first major victory against the Taliban since they lost Kabul. After making gains north of the capital, they met heavy resistance by Taliban forces inside Kabul. At the same time the new prime minister's airplane crashed over Bamiyan. By Ghafoorzai's death, Massoud lost his hope for a stable government in Kabul. Since Massoud no longer had a suitable government ready, he withdrew his troops from the north of Kabul. To avoid a dangerous repetition of the 1992-1994 period, he did not intend to march into Kabul without having formed a government which would be acceptable for all- especially for the civilian population. 836: 498: 486: 462: 438: 369: 358: 347: 336: 325: 314: 303: 292: 281: 270: 259: 242: 229: 135: 1386:"Of all the foreign powers involved in efforts to sustain and manipulate the ongoing fighting , Pakistan is distinguished both by the sweep of its objectives and the scale of its efforts, which include soliciting funding for the Taliban, bankrolling Taliban operations, providing diplomatic support as the Taliban's virtual emissaries abroad, arranging training for Taliban fighters, recruiting skilled and unskilled manpower to serve in Taliban armies, planning and directing offensives, providing and facilitating shipments of ammunition and fuel, and ... directly providing combat support." 2081:. Malik attacked Dostum's forces in Jawzjan on May 22, 1997, and occupied Dostum's stronghold of Sheberghan. Most of Dostum's commanders defected and joined Malik and even some of his air force pilots joined the battle on Malik's side. Although the exact details of the agreement were not clear, it appears as if the Taliban had failed to take their part. On May 25, the Taliban entered Mazar-i-Sharif and began to close schools, offices and impose Sharia law. In the Hazara sections of the city, particularly in the north-east and east areas around Syedabad, local 1425: 474: 522: 579: 7637: 381: 169: 1416:

PAK-Saudi relations. President Musharraf honored King Abdullah by conferring upon him Pakistan's highest civil award, Nishan-e-Pakistan, in a colorful investiture ceremony at the presidential palace. On January 21, 2007, the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Abdullah conferred the King Abdul Aziz Medallion, the Kingdom's top honor, on Pakistani President Gen. Pervez Musharraf during a ceremony at his palace in Riyadh. The first Pakistani leader ever to receive this highest Saudi honor.

39: 450: 591: 555: 510: 542: 154: 1165:. They also say that he studied in several Islamic schools outside of Afghanistan, especially in Quetta, Pakistan. In the 1980s he joined the resistance against the Soviet invasion. It is believed that he lost his eye fighting the Soviets as a deputy Chief Commander in the Harakat-i Islami party of Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi. In 1994, Mullah Omar seized power in Kandahar by overthrowing the local gangs and militias in a first appearance of the Taliban movement. 7560: 2193: 416: 7590: 1758: 209: 1196:

covering with only a mesh opening to see through. Women were not permitted to wear white socks or shoes, or shoes that make a noise while they are being walked in. Also, houses and buildings had to have their windows painted over so women could not be seen inside. Women were practically banned from public life, denied access to health care, education, and work and they were not allowed to laugh in a manner they could be heard by others.

567: 405: 394: 196: 183: 7580: 1098:. However, Malik soon realized that the Taliban were not sincere with their promises as he saw his men being disarmed. He then rejoined the Northern Alliance, and turned against his erstwhile allies, driving them from Mazar-i-Sharif. In October 1997, Dostum returned from exile and retook charge. After Dostum briefly regained control of Mazar-i-Sharif, the Taliban returned in 1998 and he again fled to Turkey. 7570: 1985:, who was not affiliated with any party, was the candidate at that time and without dissenting votes was elected as new prime minister. Ghafoorzai's program was cordially received by wide sections of the population. A first step towards a new popular government was made. Massoud had the Afghan army equipped with newly acquired military uniforms and advanced after a few large offensives to the gates of 1877:, the Taliban, while trying to consolidate control over northern and western Afghanistan, committed systematic massacres against civilians. UN officials stated that there had been "15 massacres" between 1996 and 2001. They also said, that "hese have been highly systematic and they all lead back to the Ministry of Defense or to Mullah Omar himself." The worst of these massacres was the 3246: 3256: 1305:, rather than wearing official war uniform, as they were ordered by General Naseem Rana. It was done by General Naseem Rana in an attempt to hide the identity of soldiers being Pakistani, and to avoid national pressure from the Navaz Sharif government and the international pressure from the Western world. 906:) on the other side, who, however, were not always present in Afghanistan itself. The quality of life of the Afghan population was heavily dependent on the specific leader that was directly controlling the area in which they lived. Sharp contrasts existed regarding life and structures in different areas. 1191:

Analysis from the Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) states: "The Taliban is the first faction laying claim to power in Afghanistan that has targeted women for extreme repression and punished them brutally for infractions. To PHR's knowledge, no other regime in the world has methodically and violently

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The Taliban say: "Come and accept the post of prime minister and be with us", and they would keep the highest office in the country, the presidentship. But for what price?! The difference between us concerns mainly our way of thinking about the very principles of the society and the state. We can not

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Of all the foreign powers involved in efforts to sustain and manipulate the ongoing fighting , Pakistan is distinguished both by the sweep of its objectives and the scale of its efforts, which include soliciting funding for the Taliban, bankrolling Taliban operations, providing diplomatic support as

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on September 20. The Taliban then proceeded to enter the city where they executed approximately 4,000 civilians mostly of Hazara ethnic or Shia religious background. The Taliban, for the next 6 days were reported to have gone door to door looking for male Hazara Shias and then subsequently executing

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could not possibly expect the new Islamic government leaders to subordinate their own nationalist objectives in order to help Pakistan realize its regional ambitions. Had it not been for the ISI's logistic support and supply of a large number of rockets, Hekmatyar's forces would not have been able

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headed the Taliban forces during the Afghan civil war. Mullah Omar declared himself Amir-ul-Momineen (Commander of the Faithful). was rarely photographed and rarely spoke to journalists directly. Many saw Mullah Omar as a nominal figure trained and controlled by Pakistan's intelligence agency, the

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them. Thousands of prisoners were transported by both sides in metal transport truck containers where many suffocated or died of heat stroke. One Taliban hit-squad, Sipah-i Sahaba, captured the Iranian consulate where they shot dead one journalist and 8 Iranian intelligence and diplomatic officers.

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involvement were provided to Prime minister Sharif. When Sharif tried to intervene, General Musharraf stopped Sharif, and called Taliban as "valuable assets" and "Front-line defenders of Pakistan", therefore rejected any orders from Sharif to stop the Pakistan support for Taliban. However, in 2008,

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The Taliban, without any real court or hearing, cut people's hands or arms off when accused of theft. Taliban hit-squads from the infamous "Ministry for Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice" watched the streets conducting brutal, public beatings of people when they saw what they considered as

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After taking control of the capital city of Kabul on September 26, 1996, the Taliban issued edicts forbidding women to work outside the home, attend school, or to leave their homes unless accompanied by a male relative. In public, women had to be covered from head to toe in a burqa – a body-length

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In Massoud's area, women and girls did not have to wear the Afghan burqa. They were allowed to work and to go to school. In at least two known instances, Massoud personally intervened against cases of forced marriage. While it was Massoud's stated conviction that men and women are equal and should

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and Mazar-i-Sharif. The Taliban prisoners were summarily executed, reportedly under the supervision of Malik's brother General Gul Mohammad Pahlawan. Estimates of the total number killed were 3000. Furthermore, Junbish commanders such as Ghulam Haidar Jawzjani were also captured and killed, along

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said, Pakistan was responsible for the "military expansion" of the Taliban in northern Afghanistan by sending large numbers of Pakistani troops, including ISI personnel, some of whom had subsequently been taken as prisoners by the anti-Taliban United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan

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One refugee, who cramped his family of 27 into an old jeep to flee from the Taliban to the area of Massoud, described Massoud's territory as "the last tolerant corner of Afghanistan". About his life in Massoud's area he stated: "I feel freedom here. I like ... you know, nobody bothers me. I do my

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confirms that "20–40 percent of Taliban soldiers are Pakistani." The document further states that the parents of those Pakistani nationals "know nothing regarding their child's military involvement with the Taliban until their bodies are brought back to Pakistan." A further 3,000 fighter of the

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quotes eyewitnesses in many villages describing Arab fighters carrying long knives used for slitting throats and skinning people. Meanwhile, fighters of bin Laden's Brigade 055 were known for committing collective suicide before running risk of being taken prisoners by enemy forces themselves.

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of Pakistan Army from 1998 to 2007, played an instrumental role in drafting Pakistan's role in the Afghan civil war. In 2001, he would go on to become Pakistan's military ruler and President as well. General Pervez Musharraf was responsible for sending thousands of Pakistani nationals to fight

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Pakistan and Saudi Arabia have created a deep strategic partnership on a variety of issues one of the more important being Afghanistan. After Musharraf's coup in October 1999, the Saudi capital Riyadh was the first foreign capital Pervez Musharraf visited, to signify the importance he gave to

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the Taliban's virtual emissaries abroad, arranging training for Taliban fighters, recruiting skilled and unskilled manpower to serve in Taliban armies, planning and directing offensives, providing and facilitating shipments of ammunition and fuel, and ... directly providing combat support.

1513:. It is unknown if the IMU directly worked with the Taliban or had any ties to them, given that the Taliban were ethnic Pashtuns who were pitted against the non-Pashtun ethnicities of Afghanistan. In 2001 the IMU was largely destroyed while fighting alongside the Taliban against the 1864:

Massoud did not intend for the United Front to become the ruling government of Afghanistan. His vision was for the United Front to help establish a new government, where the various ethnic groups would share power and live in peace through a democratic form of government.

1505:(IMU) is a militant group formed in 1991 with strong ties to Al Qaeda. It is estimated that the IMU in the late 1990s was approximately 2000 men strong, and that they contributed around 600 fighters to the Taliban's offensive against Massoud, participating in the siege of 4469: 2123:

forces joined the Taliban during that time encircling the front lines of Hezb-i Wahdat at Qalai-Zaini-Takhta Pul. About 1,500 – 3,000 Wahdat fighters were trapped and killed by the Taliban and Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin. Senior commanders of Wahdat such as

2039:, the Hazaras successfully lifted off the siege of Hazarajat. The Taliban besieged Hazarajat again, in which thousands of Hazaras starved. The Taliban allowed some food and aid to enter Hazarajat on 8 May 1998, in exchange of food supply going to 1043:

Massoud created democratic institutions that were structured into several committees: political, health, education and economic. Still, many people came to him personally when they had a dispute or problem and asked him to solve their problems.

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In November 1996, the Taliban besieged Hazarajat, hoping to capture the region and establish their rule there. After the early victory's of the Hazaras in Mazar-i-Sharif, the Hazaras were motivated to lift off the siege. Under the command of

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assisted Taliban forces during combat operations in late 2000, and that senior members of Pakistan's intelligence agency and army were involved in planning major Taliban military operations. As the war progressed, Pakistan Army deployed its

1981:, who still represented the legitimate government as recognized by the international community and the United Nations, in 1997 summoned a conference under his leadership to decide on a future government and prime minister. The Pashtun 1168:

Mullah Omar had strong links with another popular figure in world politics: Osama bin Laden. He was married to one of bin Laden's daughters. He refused several US requests to hand over Osama bin Laden, who was killed in May 2011 in a

1094:, one of their enemies. Accordingly, on 25 May 1997, Malik arrested Khan, handed him over and let the Taliban enter Mazar-i-Sharif, giving them control over most of northern Afghanistan. Because of this, Dostum was forced to flee to 2020:, who was among these men, led an attack on July 4, 1997, against the capital of Takhar, Taloqan, which was under the control of Massoud. Although the attack failed it produced difficulties for the United Front on another front. 2240:

the Taliban would not be able to sustain their military campaign for up to a year. On this visit to Europe he also warned that his intelligence had gathered information about a large-scale attack on U.S. soil being imminent.

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amassing 70,000 Iranian soldiers on the Afghan border. It was later admitted that the diplomats were killed by the Taliban, and their bodies were returned to Iran. In September the Taliban claimed that Iran had violated its

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On May 30, heavy fighting broke out around Syedabad. Taliban fighters were ambushed. At this point, Malik changed allegiances allying his forces with Hezb-i Wahdat, taking thousands of Taliban soldiers as prisoners in

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in September 1996, against the Taliban that were preparing offensives against the remaining areas under the control of Massoud and those under the control of Dostum. The United Front included beside the dominantly

4544: 2263:, the Taliban and Al Qaeda. For many days the United Front denied the death of Massoud for fear of desperation among their people. In the end, the slogan "Now we are all Massoud" became a unifying battle cry. 1945:

Despite the large series of organized attack operations led by the General Rana of Pakistan Army and their Taliban allies, they were not able to subdue the Panjshir. Ahmad Shah Massoud, who had defeated the

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agents. The funeral, although taking place in a rather rural area, was attended by hundreds of thousands of mourning people. The following year, he was named "National Hero" by the order of Afghan President

1297:, played a major role in the war. The officers provided financial, economic, strategic, and military assistance to the Taliban. Pakistan's Combatant forces were led under the military leadership of General 3437: 1483:

From 1996 to 2001 Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri became a virtual state within the Taliban state. Bin Laden sent Arab fighters to join the fight against the United Front, especially his so-called

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In March 1997, Ismail Khan (United Front) returned from Iran. He led approximately 2,000 fighters to fight the Taliban in Badghis and push them to approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the

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regular Taliban army were Arab and Central Asian militants. Of roughly 45,000 Pakistani, Taliban and Al Qaeda soldiers fighting against the forces of Massoud only 14,000 were Afghan (Taliban).

2321:' extensive bombing of Taliban forces and military infrastructure, in November and December 2001 ousted the Taliban from power in Kabul and gained control of much of the rest of the country. 1861:. This union did not consist of a "Northern Alliance" thus only the "northern states" of Afghanistan, but included resistance forces from all parts and all major ethnicities of the country. 6093: 6015: 1040:

enjoy the same rights, he also had to deal with Afghan traditions, which he said would need a generation or more to overcome. In his opinion, that could be achieved only through education.

1024:. The date of his death, September 9, is observed as a national holiday in Afghanistan, known as "Massoud Day". The year following his assassination, in 2002, Massoud was nominated for the 6048: 996:

accept their conditions of compromise, or else we would have to give up the principles of modern democracy. We are fundamentally against the system called "the Emirate of Afghanistan".

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The Taliban repeatedly offered Massoud a position of power to make him stop his resistance. Massoud declined for he did not fight for the sake of power. He explained in one interview:

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community. Many civilians fled to the area of Massoud. The National Geographic concluded: "The only thing standing in the way of future Taliban massacres is Ahmad Shah Massoud." The

7501: 1488:. Arab militants under bin Laden were responsible for some of the worst massacres in the war, killing hundreds of civilians in areas controlled by the United Front. A report by the 2134:

infighting between Dostum's forces and those of Malik furthermore created opportunities for the Taliban. The Taliban were able to surround Mazar-i Sharif from the rear, capturing

1450:. After the attacks on September 11, 2001 (in which nearly 3,000 people were killed in the U.S.), Osama bin Laden and his organization became major targets of the United States' 1243:. In total there were believed to be 28,000 Pakistani nationals fighting inside Afghanistan against the forces of Massoud. 20,000 were regular Pakistani soldiers either from the 1116:

in Jalalabad, Afghanistan – July 6, 2002 in Kabul, Afghanistan) (Arabic: الحاج عبد القادر) was a prominent Pashtun anti-Taliban leader in the United Front. He was the brother of

6083: 6088: 3311: 7945: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6130: 2547: 1533:. Abu Usman succeeded him as the new leader of the IMU. Today there are an estimated 2,500 to 4,000 IMU fighters based in Pakistan's tribal regions and in Afghanistan. 6150: 7398: 6155: 5101: 3395: 2105:

with Salam Pahlawan and Rais Omar Bey. In the months following the defeat of the Taliban in Mazar-i-Sharif, Malik then proceeded to reincorporate troops loyal to

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In over 26 years Massoud had survived dozens of other assassination attempts by the Soviet KGB and the Afghan communist intelligence service, the Pakistani ISI,

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Meanwhile, southern Afghanistan was neither under the control of foreign-backed militias nor the government in Kabul, but was ruled by local leaders such as

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This is the first time in several months that Kabul civilians have become the targets of rocket attacks and shelling aimed at residential areas in the city.

7519: 6674: 6053: 5692: 5592: 954:). The Wall Street Journal at that time dedicated one of its covers to Massoud calling him "the Afghan who won the Cold War". Following the withdrawal of 6634: 6135: 5652: 2164: 1942:. This operation, planned and launched under General Naseem Rana, was well planned, more organized and comprehensively studied by Pakistan Armed Forces. 1227: 7970: 6010: 4959: 4954: 4891: 4886: 4219: 3840: 3572: 3173: 2859: 1691:

to join the process. The Taliban declined. They started shelling Kabul in early 1995 but were defeated by forces of the Islamic State government under

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Pakistani military and ISI officers along with thousands of regular Pakistani armed forces personnel had been involved in the fighting in Afghanistan.

7365: 6005: 6000: 3006: 1692: 1669: 1661:-run religious schools for Afghan refugees in Pakistan) also developed in Afghanistan as a politico-religious force, reportedly in opposition to the 1251:

filling regular Taliban ranks. The estimated 25,000 Taliban regular force thus comprised more than 8,000 Pakistani nationals. A 1998 document by the

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and their troops withdrew from Kabul; the next day, 27 September, the Taliban occupied Kabul. Taliban's leader Muhammad Umar appointed his deputy,

1143:. On July 6, 2002, Qadeer and his son-in-law were killed by gunmen. Another of his sons, Haji Mohammed Zaher, was shot dead in Kabul also in 2002. 895: 3913: 6359: 6287: 5833: 1817:. From the Taliban conquest in 1996 until November 2001 the United Front controlled roughly 30% of Afghanistan's population in provinces such as 1158:

Followers of the Taliban claim that Mullah Omar was born in the central province of Uruzgan, in 1962. Other sources place his birth in Kandahar,

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job. I take care of my family. The way which I like I live in this area." Massoud had no influence on the lives of people living in the areas of

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Much like other Northern Alliance leaders, Dostum also faced infighting within his group and was later forced to surrender his power to General

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Massoud was convinced that only a democratic system could ensure a lasting peace in Afghanistan. He wanted to convince the Taliban to join a

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Hundreds of thousands of refugees fled the Taliban to the areas of Massoud. In 2001, Massoud and photographer and former UN ambassador

705: 629: 2954: 1454:. Bin Laden himself was killed in Pakistan on May 2, 2011, shortly after 1:00 a.m. local time by U.S. special operations forces. 7920: 7024: 6898: 6596: 6581: 6140: 5977: 4949: 4881: 3935: 3774: 1639: 1231: 4267: 981:

in 1996, Massoud returned to the role of an armed opposition leader, serving as the military commander of the United Islamic Front.

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Massoud was a deeply religious and spiritual person, who strongly opposed the interpretations of Islam followed by the Taliban or

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and others. During the conflict, the Taliban received military support from Pakistan and financial support from Saudi Arabia.

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On September 26, 1996, as the Taliban prepared for another major offensive, Massoud ordered a full retreat from Kabul. The

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against the Taliban. At this point he is said to have had a force of some 50,000 men supported by both aircraft and tanks.

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Afghanistan: Further Information on Fear for Safety and New Concern: Deliberate and Arbitrary Killings: Civilians in Kabul

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Afghanistan : Crisis of Impunity: The Role of Pakistan, Russia and Iran in Fueling the Civil War. Volume 13, Number 3

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By July 1998 the Taliban had taken control of much of the area north of Herat, including the road linked to Maimana. The

2052: 2879: 7776: 7771: 7375: 7222: 7122: 7029: 6778: 6349: 5986: 5371: 5283: 4699: 4673: 4662: 3212: 2504: 2471: 2446: 2335: 2272: 1086:. Malik entered into secret negotiations with the Taliban, who promised to respect his authority over much of northern 959: 710: 700: 4300:

Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001.

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Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001.

3114: 2167:. Others were kidnapped by the Taliban, touching off a hostage crisis that nearly escalated to a full-scale war, with 7899: 7870: 7690: 7479: 7436: 7244: 7232: 6946: 6883: 5838: 5805: 5599: 5293: 5241: 5156: 4590: 4373: 4350: 4003: 3497:

Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001

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of Al Qaeda was reported to have been used in the battle. On August 8, 1998, the Taliban re-entered Mazar-i-Sharif.

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launched an aggressive series of military operations against Panjshir and the surrounding areas. The Pakistan Army's

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Observers interviewed by Human Rights Watch in Afghanistan and Pakistan reported that Pakistan Army Aviation Corps

754: 690: 685: 87: 3365: 1517:-led coalition forces in Afghanistan. An unknown number of their fighters escaped with remnants of the Taliban to 7894: 7210: 6991: 5543: 4969: 4901: 3405: 2070: 1665:

of the local governor. In 1994, the Taliban took power in several provinces in southern and central Afghanistan.

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leading to Qala-i Naw. The Taliban's advance was halted but significant gains could not be made by either side.

1617:– supported Afghan militias hostile towards each other. According to Human Rights Watch, Iran was assisting the 1128:. Haji Abdul Qadeer had a base of power in the east of Afghanistan and was the governor of his home province of 7673: 7341: 7157: 6976: 6793: 6750: 6730: 6649: 6397: 5687: 5577: 5499: 5394: 5299: 5012: 4913: 3427: 2665: 1746: 1738: 1502: 1235: 1121: 200: 1192:

forced half of its population into virtual house arrest, prohibiting them on pain of physical punishment ..."

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were surrounded by forces of Massoud. These Taliban forces were able to survive when they allied with one of

4215: 4082: 3836: 3181: 2856: 2252:, posing as journalists, detonated a bomb hidden in a video camera while under the pretense of interviewing 1668:

Late 1994, Kabul witnessed some weeks of relative calm, followed by resumed heavy shelling. Islamic State's

1247:, 50th Airborne Division or 12th regular army regiments, and an estimated 8,000 were militants recruited in 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7640: 7237: 7195: 7137: 6986: 6928: 6903: 6840: 6783: 6755: 6740: 6606: 6586: 6450: 6354: 5859: 5560: 4504: 4407: 3562: 3147: 3144:"Pakistan: "The Taliban's Godfather"?: Documents Detail Years of Pakistani Support for Taliban, Extremists" 1878: 1742: 1558: 1473: 859: 765: 140: 7604: 1710:

The Taliban's early victories in 1994 were followed by a series of defeats that resulted in heavy losses.

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government remained the recognized government of Afghanistan of most of the international community, the

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remained the recognized government of Afghanistan of most of the international community, the Taliban's

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Pakistani support for the Taliban included direct and indirect military involvement, logistical support

2330: 1631:, as Iran was attempting to maximize Wahdat's military power and influence. Saudi Arabia supported the 1316: 970: 43:

Military situation in Afghanistan in 2000, between the Taliban (green) and the Northern Alliance (blue)

7850: 7792: 7668: 7663: 7509: 7423: 7418: 7390: 7336: 7277: 7272: 7107: 7102: 6908: 6823: 6508: 6493: 6402: 6040: 5489: 5267: 5262: 5236: 4976: 4855: 4241: 2694: 1994: 1806: 1117: 318: 795:(Northern Alliance) in opposition to the Taliban. The United Front included all Afghan ethnicities: 7112: 6966: 6961: 6745: 6538: 6518: 6060: 5963: 5879: 5756: 5751: 5680: 4585: 3296: 2931: 1680: 835: 274: 3639:

The Rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan: Mass Mobilization, Civil War, and the Future of the Region

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faction. Conflict between the two militias soon escalated into a full-scale war. The capital city

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were also believed to be behind a string of civilian massacres of the Shia population nearby in

1071:(United Front) against the Taliban. The Northern Alliance was assembled in late 1996 by Dostum, 7583: 7267: 7044: 6971: 6533: 6309: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6202: 6192: 5869: 5548: 5522: 5415: 4683: 4678: 4534: 4476: 3400: 1982: 1814: 1465: 3804: 3495: 3278: 2496: 7751: 7644: 7331: 7309: 7190: 6951: 6639: 6513: 6460: 6440: 6412: 6329: 5725: 5720: 5436: 5182: 5002: 4564: 4393: 4343: 3770: 3228: 3143: 2397: 1699: 1352: 1252: 1213: 955: 680: 584: 3711: 3672: 2837: 2778: 1958:

before, successfully defended the Panjshir Valley, and diverted further assaults led by the

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La situation en Afghanistan et ses conséquences pour la paix et la sécurité internationales

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launched their own military campaign to support the Taliban hoping to gain control of the

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Gall, Carlotta. "Mullah Muhammad Omar, Enigmatic Leader of the Afghan Taliban, is Dead."

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How We Missed the Story: Osama bin Laden, the Taliban, and the Hijacking of Afghanistan

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Afghanistan's Endless War: State Failure, Regional Politics and the Rise of the Taliban

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however received recognition from Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates.

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described the bitter situation of the Afghan refugees and asked for humanitarian help.

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On May 22, 1997, fighting also broke out between Dostum's forces and the Taliban in

1124:. Qadeer's family was a traditionally powerful one, with ties to former Afghan king 931:

engineering student turned military leader who played a leading role in driving the

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saw extremely violent fighting during that period. Power was highly decentralized.

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militia armed, financed and instructed by neighboring Pakistan. Afghanistan expert

1554: 1530: 1223: 1216: 988:. A Sunni Muslim he also always carried a book of Sufi-mystic al-Ghazali with him. 928: 891: 502: 362: 105:• Taliban fail to seize control 15% of Afghanistan predominantly North-East areas ( 4820: 1854: 7807: 7741: 7728: 7413: 7059: 6863: 6760: 6498: 6197: 5955: 5746: 5675: 5346: 5208: 5096: 4749: 4514: 4481: 3477: 3432: 3251: 2863: 2844: 2690: 2364: 2180:

into eastern Iran, though the Taliban denied it led the raid. Eventually with UN

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and Mullah Ghaus in Baghdis. They agreed that Malik would betray Dostum, capture

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was a member of the prominent Saudi bin Laden family and the founding leader of

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to provide logistic support to Taliban campaigns against the Massoud's forces.

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Baker, Peter; Cooper, Helene; Barnes, Julian; Schmitt, Eric (1 August 2022).

2345: 2318: 2152: 2082: 2036: 1907: 1802: 1624: 1621: 1514: 1451: 1287: 1076: 804: 514: 490: 466: 373: 250: 38: 2256:. Commander Massoud died in a helicopter that was taking him to a hospital. 7634: 4459: 3908: 3097:

The Taliban's War on Women: A Health and Human Rights Crisis in Afghanistan

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commanders and armed "civilians" began to enlist themselves in resistance.

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and different Arab interests) were the main leaders of the war residing in

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McCarthy, Rory; Carter, Helen; Norton-Taylor, Richard (October 26, 2001).

1893:, including one attack in early 2001, in which more than 200 people died. 819:

supported the Taliban with thousands of local and fighters from Pakistan,

7845: 7797: 5939: 5934: 4789: 4623: 4613: 4444: 4439: 4383: 2113: 2106: 2074: 1935: 1886: 1570: 1529:

was killed as a result of an August 27, 2009, U.S. predator airstrike in

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American Soldier: Stories of Special Forces from Grenada to Afghanistan

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factions and Pashtun forces under the leadership of commanders such as

1525:

where they created a follow-up organization. The IMU's longterm leader

1518: 820: 106: 4804: 2237: 2181: 1951: 1890: 1632: 1586: 1547: 1432: 1279: 1129: 772:'s Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan however received recognition from 7819: 7441: 5637: 4852: 4784: 4769: 4628: 4499: 2884:. Journeyman Pictures/ABC Australia. August 8, 1997. Archived from 2874: 2872: 2249: 2233: 2225: 2209: 2173: 2135: 1931: 1752: 1614: 1522: 1497:

Strategic Cooperation with the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU)

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Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978-2001

2546:(Report). Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1997. 2196:

Map of the situation in Afghanistan on October 1, 2001, until the

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Video 'Starving to Death', Kabul under the Taliban in March 1996.

3472: 2772: 2770: 2523: 2286: 2221: 2097: 1882: 1774: 1757: 1714: 1688: 1662: 1654: 1506: 1395: 1291: 978: 867: 840: 769: 738: 554: 173: 100:• Taliban control up to 85% of Afghanistan including the capital 3996:

Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil, and Fundamentalism in Central Asia

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United States and Britain launched an air assault on Afghanistan

150: 4779: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 2314: 2306: 2139: 2043:, which was the front line of the Taliban during the fighting. 1798: 1410: 1399: 1334:

had defended General Musharraf, and knew the entire history of

1095: 800: 114: 3563:"Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan names Abu Usman as new leader" 3396:"BOOK REVIEW: The inside track on Afghan wars by Khaled Ahmed" 3295:. Saudi Embassy in Washington. January 2, 2006. Archived from 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 2541:

Afghanistan: Chronology of Events January 1995 - February 1997

1702:, referring to the Taliban offensive, wrote in a 1995 report: 1004:

leading towards democratic elections in a foreseeable future.

4554: 3797:"Afghanistan: escalation of indiscriminate shelling in Kabul" 3064:"Mullah Mohammed Omar". Afghanistan Online. November 18, 2007 2747: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2524:"Afghan Civil War (1996-2001, only Afghanistan-UIFSA clashes" 2298: 2229: 1718: 1643: 101: 3521:

Rashid, Ahmed (2001). "The Fires of Faith in Central Asia".

3366:"U.S. Drone Strike Kills Ayman al-Zawahri, Top Qaeda Leader" 3293:"King Abdullah ends Asian tour with state visit to Pakistan" 3129: 2906:

Ahmad Shah Massoud: Lion of Afghanistan, Lion of Islam (5/7)

2780:

Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader

2061:'s alleged involvement in the assassination of his brother, 759:

war (in wider sense) in Afghanistan that had started in 1978

4287: 4172: 4160: 4130: 4106: 3936:"Afghan government forces recapture key military positions" 3901: 3742: 3080: 2294: 2168: 1990: 1618: 1610: 1461: 1391: 1338:. John Negroponte clarified that time has been changed and 1271:), was responsible for the support to the Taliban. Many of 1146: 4328: 4242:"Afghanistan claims Iranian aircraft invaded its airspace" 4198:"Iranian military exercises draw warning from Afghanistan" 2709: 2402:

Taliban: Islam, Oil and the New Great Game in Central Asia

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referred to as an "attack on Islam". Ground troops of the

787:

The defense minister of the Islamic State of Afghanistan,

3972: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 4178: 4112: 3363: 1737:, as head of a national ruling council which was called 2069:

and Ghafar Pahlawan met with Taliban commanders Mullah

2065:

and other commanders such as Qari Alam Rosekh, General

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Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival

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help to the people of Afghanistan. He stated that the

1575:

Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival

1036:

who had joined the United Front to fight the Taliban.

1028:(which, incidentally, is never awarded posthumously). 3630: 3628: 3013:(2002 ed.). Thunder's Mouth Press. p. 364. 1175:

United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group

1139:

of Afghanistan in the post-Taliban administration of

921:

United Islamic Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan

4045:"Why the Hazara people fear genocide in Afghanistan" 3954:"Afghanistan's Taliban, opposition both claim gains" 3263: 2913:

from the original on 2021-12-19 – via YouTube.

2730:"Afghanistan resistance leader feared dead in blast" 2672:

from the original on 2021-12-19 – via YouTube.

2539: 2281:

on U.S. soil, which killed nearly 3,000 people, the

1881:, which systematically targeted members of the Shia 7946:

Civil wars involving the states and peoples of Asia

4850: 4020:"Hazara Women in Afghanistan: Fears for the Future" 3895: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3239: 2892: 2637: 1581:Pakistan was keen to gear up for a breakthrough in 909: 898:) on the one side and from the United Front (i. e. 5985: 4307: 3636: 3625: 3221: 2961:. Center for Contemporary Conflict. Archived from 2728: 2681: 2679: 2570: 2568: 2488: 1761:Map of the situation in Afghanistan in late 1996; 1011:in the United States, Massoud was assassinated in 7366:Recognition of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 4083:"Afghanistan Weekly Update No. 263 - Afghanistan" 2930:. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Archived from 753:on 7 October 2001: a period that was part of the 7912: 5600:Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency (2004–present) 5183:East Indonesia Mujahideen insurgency (2015–2022) 3839:(Report). Human Rights Watch. November 1, 1998. 3549: 1922:provided the reconnaissance intelligence to the 1753:Creation of the United Front (Northern Alliance) 1342:is making an effort to fight against terrorism. 919:Throughout much of its operational history, the 5775:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present) 5566:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present) 4982:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004–present) 4216:"Taliban threatens retaliation if Iran strikes" 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3005: 2998: 2676: 2565: 2535: 2533: 2092:and Khwaja Dokoh. Massoud sent reinforcements. 757:that had started in 1989, and also part of the 3761: 3759: 3757: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3660: 2922: 2920: 2866:, Massoud Day and Nobel Peace Prize Nomination 1394:accused Pakistani commandos of "war crimes at 7620: 5971: 4836: 4344: 4310:The Taliban Phenomenon: Afghanistan 1994–1997 1120:, a well-known resistance leader against the 711:Islamic State–Taliban conflict (2015–present) 630: 4960:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018) 4955:India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) 4909:Insurgency in Northeast India (1964–present) 4294:(Report). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005. 4136: 4067:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3412: 3271:"Pak involved in Taliban offensive - Russia" 2809:"The Last Interview with Ahmad Shah Massoud" 2802: 2800: 2530: 2398:"Mazar-e-Sharif 1997: Massacre in the north" 1411:Cooperation on Afghanistan with Saudi Arabia 1263:, the former director-general of Pakistan's 1239:alongside the Taliban and bin Laden against 1226:, a retired four-star general who served as 4970:Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present) 4902:Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present) 3837:Afghanistan: The Massacre in Mazar-I Sharif 3754: 3657: 3388: 3357: 2917: 2806: 2495:. University of Washington Press. pp. 2228:had introduced "a very wrong perception of 2187: 1319:at that time. Details of Pakistan Army and 63:(5 years, 1 week and 3 days) 7627: 7613: 7404:Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission 5978: 5964: 5442:Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015) 4892:2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 4887:2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 4843: 4829: 4351: 4337: 4305: 4184: 4118: 3998:. USA: Yale University Press. p. 59. 3978: 3748: 3703: 3309: 1509:, where they fought alongside bin Laden's 1184:operators on the orders of U.S. President 1007:On September 9, 2001, two days before the 637: 623: 5242:Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011) 5157:Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011) 4914:Naxalite–Maoist insurgency (1967–present) 3310:Rasooldeen, Mohammed (January 22, 2007). 2957:Ismail Khan, Herat, and Iranian Influence 2797: 1536: 7681:Taliban insurgency in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa 5561:Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020) 5294:Philippine civil conflict (1969–present) 5237:South Thailand insurgency (2004–present) 4977:Insurgency in Balochistan (2004–present) 4268:"Iran reports clash with Afghan militia" 3801:International Committee of the Red Cross 2466:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 219–220. 2191: 2146: 2004:Approximately 2,000 Taliban fighters in 1756: 1541: 1423: 1207: 1147:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban) 886:. There were other leaders, mainly from 834: 6924:Mazar-i-Sharif German consulate bombing 6031:International Security Assistance Force 3938:. CNN. October 19, 1996. Archived from 3916:from the original on September 14, 2016 3332: 3042:. Human Rights Internet. Archived from 2946: 2630:National Council for the Social Studies 2486: 2357: 1311:secretly sent a courier that contacted 88:American invasion of Afghanistan (2001) 7913: 5342:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes 4940:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes 4270:. CNN. October 8, 1998. Archived from 4200:. CNN. August 31, 1998. Archived from 4144:"The elite force who are ready to die" 3993: 3904:"The elite force who are ready to die" 3881:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 192. 3709: 3670: 3634: 3600: 3575:from the original on December 24, 2018 3560: 3520: 3466:Gargan, Edward A. (October 12, 2001). 3465: 3426:Gargan, Edward A. (October 12, 2001). 3425: 3247:"Afghanistan: Arena for a New Rivalry" 3202: 3196: 2743:from the original on January 12, 2022. 2726: 2436: 2395: 2158: 1896: 1788:, two former archenemies, created the 1090:, in exchange for the apprehension of 1054: 706:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes 8011:2001 disestablishments in Afghanistan 7971:History of Afghanistan (1992–present) 7777:War with Islamic State (2022–Present) 7608: 6879:Kabul Canadian Embassy convoy bombing 6655:Forward Operating Base Delhi massacre 5959: 5490:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024) 5029:Maldives political crisis (2011–2013) 4950:2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 4882:2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes 4824: 4586:Destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan 4332: 4248:from the original on October 18, 2012 3989: 3987: 3960:from the original on October 21, 2018 3874: 3730:from the original on February 8, 2023 3691:from the original on February 8, 2023 3613:from the original on January 13, 2015 3440:from the original on October 13, 2013 2622: 2553:from the original on October 12, 2017 2461: 2418:from the original on February 8, 2023 2377:from the original on February 8, 2023 2163:Among those killed in Mazar-i Sharif 1930:, and the Taliban forces. Meanwhile, 1906:The Taliban, with the support of the 1873:According to a 55-page report by the 914: 618: 7569: 6874:Kunduz-Takhar highway hostage crisis 5633:Iraqi Kurdistan conflict (2001–2003) 5421:2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes 4706:Republican insurgency in Afghanistan 3843:from the original on August 20, 2021 3490: 3326: 3174:"Civil War in Afghanistan 1996-2001" 2776: 2727:Rashid, Ahmed (September 11, 2001). 2455: 2204:In early 2001 Massoud addressed the 1868: 1590:to target and destroy half of Kabul. 1557:). The Peshawar Accords created the 1101: 830: 716:Republican insurgency in Afghanistan 7926:Afghanistan conflict (1978–present) 7409:UK Afghan Unlawful Killings inquiry 5721:Conflict in Northern Lebanon (2007) 5554:Western Iran clashes (2016–present) 4222:from the original on April 23, 2009 3428:"Taliban massacres outlined for UN" 3345:from the original on March 28, 2008 3333:Baldauf, Scott (October 31, 2001). 3229:"PAKISTAN'S SUPPORT OF THE TALIBAN" 2952: 2404:. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 72. 2198:US and UK air attack on Afghanistan 2053:Battles of Mazar-i-Sharif 1997-1998 1989:. The alliance pushed forward with 1969: 958:and the subsequent collapse of the 644: 13: 7976:1996 establishments in Afghanistan 7143:2 & 5 September Kabul bombings 6713:Jalalabad Indian consulate bombing 5742:Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present) 5711:South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000) 5671:Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present) 5621:Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–1997 5616:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003) 4987:Insurgency in Sindh (2010–present) 4173:Afghanistan Justice Project (2005) 4161:Afghanistan Justice Project (2005) 4131:Afghanistan Justice Project (2005) 4107:Afghanistan Justice Project (2005) 4043:Askary, Sitarah Mohammadi,Sajjad. 4042: 3984: 3875:Maley, William (3 November 2020). 3777:from the original on April 3, 2015 3376:from the original on 1 August 2022 2888:on 2009-09-27 – via YouTube. 2807:Balcerowicz, Piotr (August 2001). 2232:" and that without the support of 923:(Northern Alliance) was headed by 16:1996–2001 civil war in Afghanistan 14: 8072: 7669:Civil unrest in Southern Pakistan 7437:Bagram torture and prisoner abuse 5437:Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997) 5258:Indonesian occupation (1975–1999) 5071:Xinjiang conflict (1960s–present) 3404:. August 31, 2008. Archived from 3154:from the original on July 8, 2008 2046: 1653:and their militias. In 1994, the 751:US and UK invasion of Afghanistan 7664:Civil unrest in Eastern Pakistan 7635: 7588: 7578: 7568: 7559: 7558: 6288:Pakistan Embassy in Kabul attack 5757:Fatah–Hamas conflict (2006–2008) 5107:1994 North Korean nuclear crisis 5008:Sri Lankan Civil War (1983–2009) 4924:Insurgency in Punjab (1981–1995) 4712:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 3803:. 2 January 1995. Archived from 3643:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 3561:Roggio, Bill (August 17, 2010). 2341:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 2291:United Front (Northern Alliance) 2266: 2109:into the city's administration. 2077:and take control of the city of 1790:United Front (Northern Alliance) 1601:militia joined an alliance with 973:in 1992 under the government of 910:United Front (Northern Alliance) 589: 577: 565: 553: 540: 520: 508: 496: 484: 472: 460: 448: 436: 414: 403: 392: 379: 367: 356: 345: 334: 323: 312: 301: 290: 279: 268: 257: 240: 227: 207: 194: 181: 167: 152: 133: 37: 5909:Sinai insurgency (2011–present) 5801:Syrian Civil War (2011–present) 5784:Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2021) 5199:Myanmar conflict (1948–present) 4945:Kashmir conflict (1947–present) 4877:Kashmir conflict (1947–present) 4281: 4260: 4234: 4208: 4190: 4075: 4036: 4012: 3946: 3928: 3868: 3855: 3811: 3716:. US Institute of Peace Press. 3514: 3303: 3285: 3166: 3067: 3058: 3027: 2983:De Ponfilly, Christophe(2001); 2977: 2909:. EU media. September 9, 2010. 2850: 2831: 2616: 2244:On September 9, 2001, two Arab 1675:tried to initiate a nationwide 1232:Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee 1132:before the Taliban took power. 839:The territorial control of the 8046:Afghanistan–Pakistan relations 7376:Islamic State–Taliban conflict 5987:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 5653:ISIL insurgency (2017–present) 5549:Iran–PJAK conflict (2004–2011) 5289:Laotian insurgency (1975–2022) 5284:Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998) 5178:Insurgency in Aceh (1976–2005) 5034:Nepalese Civil War (1996–2006) 3207:. PublicAffairs. p. 322. 2598: 2516: 2480: 2441:. PublicAffairs. p. 322. 2430: 2389: 2336:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 2273:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 2165:were several Iranian diplomats 1739:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 1613:– as competitors for regional 1503:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan 1329:U.S. Deputy Secretary of State 1122:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 1061:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 956:Soviet troops from Afghanistan 952:Our Beloved Martyred Commander 946:. His followers also call him 749:on 27 September 1996, and the 747:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 745:and their establishing of the 701:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 201:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan 1: 6761:Atiqullah Raufi assassination 6736:Herat Indian consulate attack 5173:Papua conflict (1969–present) 4487:Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai 3601:Sifton, John (July 6, 2005). 3335:"The 'cave man' and Al Qaeda" 3312:"Saudi-Pak Talks Focus on ME" 2847:, Lonely Planet Travel Guide. 2687:"Profile: Ahmed Shah Massoud" 2623:Mertz, Gayle (January 2001). 2576:"Canada in Afghanistan: 2001" 2373:. July 2001. pp. 36–49. 2351: 2285:on 7 October 2001, which the 1997:, and heavy weapons into the 1657:(a movement originating from 1159: 1110: 847:(blue) in Afghanistan in 1996 8061:Battles involving the Tajiks 7931:Islamic State of Afghanistan 7921:Afghan Civil War (1996–2001) 7515:International public opinion 6836:Kabul Spanish Embassy attack 6456:Kabul Indian embassy bombing 6393:Kabul Indian embassy bombing 5875:Yemeni crisis (2011–present) 5643:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) 5315:FULRO insurgency (1964–1992) 5013:JVP insurrection (1987–1989) 3635:Nojumi, Neamatollah (2002). 3231:. Human Rights Watch. 2000. 3148:George Washington University 3075:New York Times International 3034:UN Security Council report. 2783:. Webster University Press. 2023: 1879:1998 Mazar-i-Sharif massacre 1605:in early 1994. In addition, 1559:Islamic State of Afghanistan 1173:conducted by members of the 1063:and their capture of Kabul, 1015:of Afghanistan by suspected 977:. Following the rise of the 860:Islamic State of Afghanistan 766:Islamic State of Afghanistan 696:Afghan Civil War (1996–2001) 691:Afghan Civil War (1992–1996) 686:Afghan Civil War (1989–1992) 7: 8056:21st century in Afghanistan 8051:20th century in Afghanistan 7414:Australian Brereton Inquiry 7080:September Jalalabad bombing 6708:Herat U.S. consulate attack 6665:September Camp Bastion raid 6360:South Korean hostage crisis 5880:Houthi takeover (2014–2015) 5747:Second Intifada (2000–2005) 5693:Syrian arena (2012–present) 5676:Second Intifada (2000–2005) 5593:Syrian arena (2012–present) 5544:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996) 5130:Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996) 5066:Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996) 4919:Religious violence in India 4358: 4314:. Oxford University Press. 4218:. CNN. September 15, 1998. 3101:Physicians for Human Rights 2324: 1920:4th Army Aggressor Squadron 1901: 1419: 1347:4th Army Aggressor Squadron 1265:Inter-Services Intelligence 1203: 1179:Central Intelligence Agency 939:, earning him the nickname 681:Soviet–Afghan War (1979–89) 676:Bala Hissar uprising (1979) 595:Inter-Services Intelligence 10: 8077: 7966:Wars involving the Taliban 7956:Wars involving Afghanistan 7163:Haska Meyna mosque bombing 6703:Presidential palace attack 6238:Battle of Sayyd Alma Kalay 6045:Withdrawal of U.S. troops 5930:Operation Inherent Resolve 5752:Gaza–Israel (2006–present) 5688:Iran–Israel (1985–present) 5681:Gaza–Israel (2006–present) 5578:Iran–Israel (1985–present) 5539:Kurdish separatism in Iran 4306:Matinuddin, Kamal (1999). 3535:10.1215/07402775-2001-2001 2843:September 7, 2008, at the 2625:"Civil War in Afghanistan" 2487:Goodson, Larry P. (2002). 2331:Timeline of Afghan history 2270: 2050: 2027: 1995:armored personnel carriers 1797:forces of Massoud and the 1679:with the goal of national 1234:from 1998 to 2001 and the 1059:Following the rise of the 731:1996–2001 Afghan Civil War 7887: 7869: 7838: 7785: 7727: 7689: 7651: 7554: 7538: 7510:Afghan War documents leak 7500: 7490:2021–2022 Afghan protests 7452: 7424:Kunduz hospital airstrike 7419:War crimes by the Taliban 7389: 7356: 7253: 7176: 7158:Jalalabad suicide bombing 7108:2019 Kabul mosque bombing 7088: 7015: 7007:28 December Kabul bombing 6937: 6849: 6769: 6721: 6683: 6620: 6552: 6484: 6426: 6403:Kidnapping of David Rohde 6368: 6320: 6251: 6178: 6171: 6074: 6041:Drone strikes in Pakistan 5993: 5917: 5899: 5847: 5816: 5793: 5767: 5734: 5703: 5663: 5608: 5583:South Lebanon (1985–2000) 5531: 5515: 5482: 5475: 5450: 5429: 5403: 5387: 5334: 5327: 5276: 5250: 5229: 5191: 5165: 5149: 5142: 5122: 5102:Maritime border incidents 5084: 5058: 5051: 5021: 4995: 4932: 4869: 4862: 4755:Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan 4742: 4734:2021–2022 Afghan protests 4721: 4647: 4604: 4578: 4525: 4366: 3826:Journeyman.tv on YouTube. 3339:Christian Science Monitor 2862:October 12, 2017, at the 2128:evacuated by helicopter. 1460:was the second and last " 1067:aligned himself with the 737:, took place between the 671:Chindawol uprising (1979) 656: 608: 603: 426: 220: 125: 47: 36: 28: 23: 7879:UN peacekeeping missions 6831:Kandahar Airport bombing 6061:Resolute Support Mission 5885:Civil War (2014–present) 5834:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 5523:Bahraini uprising (2011) 5219:Civil war (2021–present) 4244:. CNN. October 2, 1998. 3500:. Penguin. p. 720. 2188:Assassination of Massoud 1813:, Qari Baba or diplomat 1743:Islamic State government 960:Soviet-backed government 275:Bismillah Khan Mohammadi 7961:Wars involving Pakistan 7815:Dhofar Rebellion (Oman) 7485:People's Peace Movement 7322:Operation Allies Refuge 7238:Kabul University attack 7138:17 August Kabul bombing 7055:30 April Kabul bombings 7035:Kabul ambulance bombing 6987:June Lashkargar bombing 6919:Battle of Boz Qandahari 6904:September Kabul attacks 6809:22 August Kabul bombing 6804:10 August Kabul bombing 6794:April Jalalabad bombing 6784:Kabul Parliament attack 6756:December Kabul bombings 6607:Pakistani border attack 5870:South Yemen (2009–2015) 5726:Lebanon conflict (2008) 5648:War in Iraq (2013–2017) 5463:Andijan massacre (2005) 5458:Fergana massacre (1989) 5003:JVP insurrection (1971) 4579:Human rights/violations 2462:Maley, William (2009). 2248:allegedly belonging to 2214:international community 2184:, the tensions cooled. 2121:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin 1916:50th Airborne Division, 1735:Mullah Muhammad Rabbani 1567:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin 527:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin 86:• Civil War continues; 7475:Enlightenment Movement 7342:August 29 drone strike 7186:6 March Kabul shooting 7133:7 August Kabul bombing 7065:July Jalalabad bombing 7050:22 April Kabul bombing 7045:Kunduz madrassa attack 7025:I-C Hotel Kabul attack 6799:7 August Kabul attacks 6645:Quran burning protests 6582:I-C Hotel Kabul attack 6233:Battle of Shawali Kowt 6228:Dasht-i-Leili massacre 6223:Battle of Qala-i-Jangi 6193:Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif 5416:2010 Kyrgyz Revolution 4540:Cabinet (2021–present) 4477:Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil 3994:Rashid, Ahmed (2000). 3956:. CNN. July 31, 1997. 3408:on September 13, 2008. 3299:on September 27, 2006. 3277:. 1998. Archived from 3255:. 1998. Archived from 3203:Tomsen, Peter (2011). 2857:National Holiday Dates 2777:Grad, Marcela (2009). 2693:. 2010. Archived from 2606:The Taliban, explained 2437:Tomsen, Peter (2011). 2396:Rashid, Ahmed (2002). 2201: 2057:In May 1997, angry at 1983:Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai 1964:50th Airborne Division 1928:50th Airborne Division 1815:Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai 1778: 1708: 1592: 1546:After the fall of the 1537:Background and history 1466:Egyptian Islamic Jihad 1440: 1439:in Afghanistan in 1997 1388: 1358:50th Airborne Division 1219: 998: 848: 735:Third Afghan Civil War 661:Saur Revolution (1978) 221:Commanders and leaders 24:Third Afghan Civil War 7793:Arab–Israeli conflict 7645:Pakistan Armed Forces 7371:Republican insurgency 7332:Operation Devi Shakti 7305:Kunduz mosque bombing 7191:Kabul gurdwara attack 7148:17 September bombings 7123:28 July Kabul bombing 6567:Sarposa prison escape 6504:February Kabul attack 6378:Haska Meyna airstrike 5377:Republican insurgency 5076:Tibetan unrest (2008) 4394:Hibatullah Akhundzada 4274:on February 16, 2005. 3773:. November 16, 1995. 3771:Amnesty International 3671:Saikal, Amin (2004). 2928:"Abdul Rashid Dostum" 2819:on September 25, 2006 2668:. November 11, 2009. 2277:After the attacks of 2195: 2147:Return of Ismail Khan 2138:directly across from 1760: 1704: 1700:Amnesty International 1579: 1542:Taliban rise to power 1427: 1384: 1370:stated that up until 1353:surveillance aircraft 1286:, Lieutenant-General 1282:, Lieutenant-General 1253:U.S. State Department 1211: 1200:un-Islamic behavior. 993: 838: 733:, also known as the 666:Herat uprising (1979) 604:Casualties and losses 585:Pakistan Armed Forces 7941:2000s in Afghanistan 7936:1990s in Afghanistan 7830:Grand Mosque seizure 7530:To the fall of Kabul 7466:Afghan peace groups 7462:Afghan peace process 7381:Afghan frozen assets 7337:Kabul airport attack 7288:Battle of Lashkargah 7273:Kabul school bombing 7103:Camp Shorabak attack 7030:STC Jalalabad attack 6814:Ghazni prison escape 6731:Kabul S Hotel attack 6494:January Kabul attack 6451:February Kabul raids 6398:Kabul S Hotel attack 6388:Wech Bagtu airstrike 6340:Nangar Khel incident 5860:al-Qaeda (1998–2015) 5839:Turkey–ISIL conflict 5638:Iraq War (2003–2011) 4760:Guantanamo detainees 4298:Coll, Steve (2004). 4204:on February 7, 2005. 3878:The Afghanistan Wars 3861:Coll, Steve (2004). 3710:Gutman, Roy (2008). 3523:World Policy Journal 3046:on 30 September 2007 3009:(October 28, 2002). 2881:Massoud's Last Stand 2464:The Afghanistan Wars 2063:Abdul Malik Pahlawan 1976:Secretary of Defense 1974:The Islamic State's 1693:Secretary of Defense 1687:, also inviting the 1685:democratic elections 1670:Secretary of Defense 1659:Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam 1084:Abdul Malik Pahlawan 1009:September 11 attacks 864:Mullah Mohammad Omar 782:United Arab Emirates 352:Sayed Hussein Anwari 297:Mohammad Qasim Fahim 8006:2001 in Afghanistan 8001:2000 in Afghanistan 7996:1999 in Afghanistan 7991:1998 in Afghanistan 7986:1997 in Afghanistan 7981:1996 in Afghanistan 7871:Foreign deployments 7480:Uprising for Change 7113:1 July Kabul attack 7040:March Kabul bombing 6992:August Herat attack 6982:Battle of Bora Bora 6967:Camp Shaheen attack 6962:Nangarhar airstrike 6859:Nangarhar offensive 6698:June Kabul bombings 6539:Badakhshan massacre 6471:Camp Chapman attack 6418:Spin Boldak bombing 6335:Hyderabad airstrike 6243:Battle of Tora Bora 6188:Bombing of Kandahar 5039:Operation All Clear 4634:Badri 313 Battalion 4455:Abdul Hakim Haqqani 4450:Shahabuddin Delawar 4418:Abdul Ghani Baradar 3322:on August 11, 2011. 3205:Wars of Afghanistan 3150:. August 14, 2007. 2953:Johnson, Thomas H. 2697:on January 25, 2014 2666:National Geographic 2439:Wars of Afghanistan 2261:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 2206:European Parliament 2159:Iran-Taliban Crisis 2059:Abdul Rashid Dostum 2016:commanders. Mullah 1897:Excerpts of the war 1786:Abdul Rashid Dostum 1727:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 1723:Burhanuddin Rabbani 1603:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 1595:Abdul Rashid Dostum 1563:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar 1259:Lieutenant-General 1236:Chief of Army Staff 1214:Pakistani President 1126:Mohammed Zahir Shah 1065:Abdul Rashid Dostum 1055:Abdul Rashid Dostum 1034:Abdul Rashid Dostum 975:Burhanuddin Rabbani 969:Massoud became the 964:Mohammad Najibullah 948:Āmer Sāheb-e Shahīd 904:Abdul Rashid Dostum 548:Afghan Armed Forces 286:Abdul Rashid Dostum 235:Burhanuddin Rabbani 7856:Somalian civil war 7851:Sudanese civil war 7691:India and Pakistan 7317:2021 Kabul airlift 7278:Battle of Kandahar 7128:July Farah bombing 7098:Maidan Shar attack 7002:20 October attacks 6997:17 October attacks 6977:June Herat bombing 6957:March Kabul attack 6909:Battle of Tarinkot 6894:Janikhel offensive 6889:July Kabul bombing 6869:April Kabul attack 6824:Hospital airstrike 6779:Park Palace attack 6562:Mano Gai airstrike 6544:Operation Halmazag 6383:Azizabad airstrike 6345:Helmand airstrikes 6213:Battle of Tarinkot 6163:Aviation incidents 6036:Taliban insurgency 5945:Colour revolutions 5865:Houthi (2004–2015) 5806:Regional spillover 5716:Lebanon War (2006) 5588:Lebanon War (2006) 4663:War in Afghanistan 4591:Treatment of women 4510:Abdul Qayyum Zakir 4423:Sirajuddin Haqqani 4374:Leadership Council 4150:. 26 October 2001. 3607:Human Rights Watch 3370:The New York Times 2838:Afghanistan Events 2661:Inside the Taliban 2371:Human Rights Watch 2279:September 11, 2001 2254:Ahmed Shah Massoud 2202: 2200:, October 7, 2001. 2030:Siege of Hazarajat 2010:Abdul Rasul Sayyaf 1979:Ahmad Shah Massoud 1801:forces of Dostum, 1782:Ahmad Shah Massoud 1779: 1731:Ahmad Shah Massoud 1717:that day attacked 1696:Ahmad Shah Massoud 1673:Ahmad Shah Massoud 1636:Abdul Rasul Sayyaf 1441: 1379:Human Rights Watch 1309:Ahmad Shah Massoud 1277:Lieutenant-General 1275:officers, such as 1241:Ahmad Shah Massoud 1220: 1135:Qadeer became the 1073:Ahmad Shah Massoud 925:Ahmad Shah Massoud 915:Ahmad Shah Massoud 852:Ahmad Shah Massoud 849: 789:Ahmad Shah Massoud 247:Ahmad Shah Massoud 8041:Conflicts in 2001 8036:Conflicts in 2000 8031:Conflicts in 1999 8026:Conflicts in 1998 8021:Conflicts in 1997 8016:Conflicts in 1996 7908: 7907: 7747:Panjshir Uprising 7602: 7601: 7470:Tabassum movement 7429:Kandahar massacre 7399:ICC investigation 7352: 7351: 7327:Operation Pitting 7293:Capture of Zaranj 7268:Taliban offensive 7223:September attacks 6972:May Kabul bombing 6751:Yahyakhel bombing 6660:Kandahar massacre 6597:Chinook shootdown 6534:May Kabul bombing 6310:Taliban offensive 5953: 5952: 5900:Inter-continental 5895: 5894: 5829:DHKP/C insurgency 5824:Maoist insurgency 5471: 5470: 5323: 5322: 5214:Rohingya conflict 5138: 5137: 5047: 5046: 4965:Kargil War (1999) 4897:Kargil War (1999) 4856:conflicts in Asia 4818: 4817: 4624:55th Arab Brigade 4465:Amir Khan Muttaqi 4428:Obaidullah Akhund 4321:978-0-19-579274-4 4185:Matinuddin (1999) 4119:Matinuddin (1999) 3979:Matinuddin (1999) 3942:on March 8, 2008. 3888:978-1-350-30767-4 3865:(Penguin.) P. 14. 3751:, pp. 25–26. 3749:Matinuddin (1999) 3723:978-1-60127-024-5 3684:978-0-85771-478-7 3650:978-0-312-29584-4 3507:978-1-59420-007-6 3259:on July 25, 2012. 2965:on 11 August 2004 2790:978-0-9821615-0-0 2246:suicide attackers 2067:Abdul Majid Rouzi 2041:Ghorband District 2018:Amir Khan Muttaqi 1960:13th Regular Army 1924:13th Regular Army 1912:13th Regular Army 1869:Taliban massacres 1811:Haji Abdul Qadeer 1677:political process 1458:Ayman al-Zawahiri 1405:Northern Alliance 1398:". The same year 1295:Sultan Amir Tarar 1107:Haji Abdul Qadeer 1102:Haji Abdul Qadeer 1069:Northern Alliance 1026:Nobel Peace Prize 1002:political process 900:Haji Abdul Qadeer 876:Ayman al-Zawahiri 845:Northern Alliance 831:Main participants 743:conquest of Kabul 724: 723: 613: 612: 443:Northern Alliance 410:Ayman al-Zawahiri 330:Haji Abdul Qadeer 121: 120: 56:27 September 1996 8068: 7714:Siachen conflict 7639: 7629: 7622: 7615: 7606: 7605: 7592: 7582: 7572: 7571: 7562: 7561: 7310:Kandahar bombing 7245:December attacks 7233:November attacks 7216:Jalalabad prison 7075:Ghazni offensive 7070:Battle of Darzab 6952:Sangin airstrike 6947:January bombings 6914:Battle of Kunduz 6884:30 June bombings 6819:Battle of Kunduz 6640:Kapisa airstrike 6514:Sangin airstrike 6476:Battle of Sabzak 6461:Kandahar bombing 6441:Kunduz airstrike 6436:Granai airstrike 6413:Kandahar bombing 6330:Shinwar shooting 6218:Fall of Kandahar 6176: 6175: 5980: 5973: 5966: 5957: 5956: 5855:Civil war (1994) 5480: 5479: 5411:1990 Osh clashes 5395:Ethnic conflicts 5332: 5331: 5309: 5302: 5147: 5146: 5112:2017–2018 crisis 5090: 5056: 5055: 4867: 4866: 4845: 4838: 4831: 4822: 4821: 4775:Amir al-Mu'minin 4729:Taliban in Qatar 4700:Conflict with IS 4545:Religious police 4413:Mohammad Rabbani 4353: 4346: 4339: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4313: 4295: 4293: 4276: 4275: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4194: 4188: 4182: 4176: 4170: 4164: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4140: 4134: 4128: 4122: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4094: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4066: 4058: 4056: 4055: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4030: 4016: 4010: 4009: 3991: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3950: 3944: 3943: 3932: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3899: 3893: 3892: 3872: 3866: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3833: 3827: 3820: 3815: 3809: 3808: 3807:on May 10, 2011. 3793: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3763: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3668: 3655: 3654: 3642: 3632: 3623: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3598: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3568:Long War Journal 3558: 3547: 3546: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3480:on June 5, 2004. 3476:. 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August 1998. 3095: 3094: 3081: 3077:. 31 July 2015. 3072: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3049: 3047: 3032: 3028: 3021: 3007:Nate Hardcastle 3003: 2999: 2982: 2978: 2968: 2966: 2951: 2947: 2937: 2935: 2926: 2925: 2918: 2903: 2902: 2893: 2878: 2877: 2870: 2864:Wayback Machine 2855: 2851: 2845:Wayback Machine 2836: 2832: 2822: 2820: 2805: 2798: 2791: 2775: 2748: 2725: 2710: 2700: 2698: 2691:History Commons 2685: 2684: 2677: 2658: 2657: 2638: 2621: 2617: 2613:Vox on YouTube. 2605: 2603: 2599: 2589: 2587: 2574: 2573: 2566: 2556: 2554: 2550: 2543: 2538: 2531: 2522: 2521: 2517: 2507: 2485: 2481: 2474: 2460: 2456: 2449: 2435: 2431: 2421: 2419: 2412: 2394: 2390: 2380: 2378: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2327: 2293:, supported by 2275: 2269: 2190: 2161: 2149: 2132:Junbish-i Milli 2055: 2049: 2032: 2026: 1972: 1940:Panjshir Valley 1904: 1899: 1871: 1755: 1747:Islamic Emirate 1599:Junbish-i Milli 1544: 1539: 1527:Tahir Yuldashev 1499: 1470:Osama bin Laden 1444:Osama bin Laden 1437:Osama bin Laden 1422: 1413: 1382:wrote in 2000: 1349: 1332:John Negroponte 1323: 1206: 1162: 1149: 1113: 1104: 1057: 1013:Takhar Province 917: 912: 872:Osama bin Laden 833: 727: 726: 725: 720: 652: 648:Afghan conflict 647: 645: 643: 599: 578: 576: 564: 560:Haqqani network 552: 541: 539: 533: 521: 519: 509: 507: 495: 483: 479:Junbish-i Milli 471: 459: 455:Jamiat-e Islami 449: 447: 435: 413: 412: 402: 401: 399:Osama bin Laden 391: 390: 378: 366: 365: 355: 354: 344: 343: 333: 332: 322: 321: 311: 310: 300: 299: 289: 288: 278: 277: 267: 266: 256: 255: 239: 238: 226: 208: 206: 205: 195: 193: 182: 180: 166: 160:Islamic Emirate 153: 151: 134: 132: 95: 75: 62: 42: 31:Afghan conflict 17: 12: 11: 5: 8074: 8064: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7928: 7923: 7906: 7905: 7903: 7902: 7897: 7891: 7889: 7885: 7884: 7882: 7881: 7875: 7873: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7842: 7840: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7811: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7789: 7787: 7783: 7782: 7780: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7733: 7731: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7695: 7693: 7687: 7686: 7684: 7683: 7678: 7677: 7676: 7666: 7661: 7655: 7653: 7649: 7648: 7643:involving the 7641:Armed conflict 7632: 7631: 7624: 7617: 7609: 7600: 7599: 7597: 7596: 7586: 7576: 7566: 7555: 7552: 7551: 7549: 7548: 7542: 7540: 7536: 7535: 7533: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7506: 7504: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7494: 7493: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7464: 7458: 7456: 7450: 7449: 7447: 7446: 7445: 7444: 7439: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7395: 7393: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7362: 7360: 7354: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7346: 7345: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7314: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7301: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7285: 7280: 7275: 7259: 7257: 7251: 7250: 7248: 7247: 7242: 7241: 7240: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7219: 7218: 7211:August attacks 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7182: 7180: 7174: 7173: 7171: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7145: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7118:Ghazni bombing 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7094: 7092: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7021: 7019: 7013: 7012: 7010: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6949: 6943: 6941: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6931: 6929:Bagram bombing 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6855: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6843: 6841:Bagram bombing 6838: 6833: 6828: 6827: 6826: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6775: 6773: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6741:Bagram bombing 6738: 6733: 6727: 6725: 6719: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6689: 6687: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6677: 6672: 6670:Shesh Aba raid 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6626: 6624: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6587:Nimruz bombing 6584: 6579: 6574: 6572:Bin Laden raid 6569: 6564: 6558: 6556: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6509:Uruzgan attack 6506: 6501: 6496: 6490: 6488: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6432: 6430: 6424: 6423: 6421: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6408:Sarposa attack 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6374: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6362: 6357: 6355:Bagram bombing 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6326: 6324: 6318: 6317: 6315: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6291: 6290: 6280: 6279: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6266:Guantanamo Bay 6257: 6255: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6203:Herat uprising 6200: 6195: 6190: 6184: 6182: 6173: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6160: 6159: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6136:United Kingdom 6133: 6123: 6122: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6086: 6080: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6057: 6056: 6051: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5997: 5995: 5991: 5990: 5983: 5982: 5975: 5968: 5960: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5921: 5919: 5918:Related topics 5915: 5914: 5912: 5911: 5905: 5903: 5897: 5896: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5882: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5851: 5849: 5845: 5844: 5842: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5820: 5818: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5810: 5809: 5808: 5797: 5795: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5787: 5786: 5785: 5782: 5780:Qatif conflict 5771: 5769: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5760: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5738: 5736: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5707: 5705: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5695: 5685: 5684: 5683: 5678: 5667: 5665: 5661: 5660: 5658: 5657: 5656: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5628:Iraqi conflict 5625: 5624: 5623: 5612: 5610: 5606: 5605: 5603: 5602: 5597: 5596: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5575: 5574: 5573: 5571:Qatif conflict 5563: 5558: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5535: 5533: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5525: 5519: 5517: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5509: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5486: 5484: 5477: 5473: 5472: 5469: 5468: 5466: 5465: 5460: 5454: 5452: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5444: 5439: 5433: 5431: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5407: 5405: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5397: 5391: 5389: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5381: 5380: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5368: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5344: 5338: 5336: 5329: 5325: 5324: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5317: 5312: 5311: 5310: 5303: 5291: 5286: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5254: 5252: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5233: 5231: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5223: 5222: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5204:Karen conflict 5195: 5193: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5159: 5153: 5151: 5144: 5143:Southeast Asia 5140: 5139: 5136: 5135: 5133: 5132: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5116: 5115: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5093: 5091: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5062: 5060: 5053: 5049: 5048: 5045: 5044: 5042: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5025: 5023: 5019: 5018: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5005: 4999: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4973: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4942: 4936: 4934: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4873: 4871: 4864: 4860: 4859: 4848: 4847: 4840: 4833: 4825: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4800:Talibanization 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4746: 4744: 4743:Related topics 4740: 4739: 4737: 4736: 4731: 4725: 4723: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4715: 4714:(2004–present) 4709: 4708:(2021–present) 4703: 4702:(2015–present) 4697: 4696: 4695: 4694: 4693: 4692: 4691: 4684:2021 offensive 4681: 4679:2006 offensive 4676: 4660: 4653: 4651: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4610: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4598: 4593: 4588: 4582: 4580: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4531: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4519: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4494: 4492:Khalil Haqqani 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4473: 4472: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4436: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4415: 4408:Deputy leaders 4405: 4404: 4403: 4402: 4401: 4391: 4389:Akhtar Mansour 4386: 4376: 4370: 4368: 4364: 4363: 4356: 4355: 4348: 4341: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4320: 4303: 4296: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4277: 4259: 4233: 4207: 4189: 4177: 4175:, p. 121. 4165: 4163:, p. 120. 4153: 4135: 4133:, p. 116. 4123: 4111: 4109:, p. 115. 4099: 4074: 4035: 4011: 4004: 3983: 3981:, p. 102. 3971: 3945: 3927: 3894: 3887: 3867: 3854: 3828: 3810: 3788: 3753: 3741: 3722: 3702: 3683: 3677:. I.B.Tauris. 3656: 3649: 3624: 3586: 3548: 3513: 3506: 3483: 3451: 3411: 3387: 3356: 3325: 3302: 3284: 3281:on 2005-01-28. 3262: 3238: 3220: 3214:978-1586487638 3213: 3195: 3165: 3128: 3109: 3079: 3066: 3057: 3026: 3019: 2997: 2976: 2945: 2916: 2891: 2868: 2849: 2830: 2796: 2789: 2746: 2708: 2675: 2636: 2615: 2597: 2564: 2529: 2515: 2506:978-0295981116 2505: 2479: 2473:978-0230213135 2472: 2454: 2448:978-1586487638 2447: 2429: 2410: 2388: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2333: 2326: 2323: 2271:Main article: 2268: 2265: 2189: 2186: 2160: 2157: 2148: 2145: 2079:Mazar-i-Sharif 2051:Main article: 2048: 2047:Mazar-i-Sharif 2045: 2028:Main article: 2025: 2022: 1999:Bagram airbase 1971: 1968: 1903: 1900: 1898: 1895: 1875:United Nations 1870: 1867: 1754: 1751: 1543: 1540: 1538: 1535: 1498: 1495: 1490:United Nations 1421: 1418: 1412: 1409: 1362:Frontier Corps 1317:Prime minister 1303:Shalwar Qameez 1245:Frontier Corps 1205: 1202: 1148: 1145: 1137:Vice President 1103: 1100: 1056: 1053: 916: 913: 911: 908: 896:General Mahmud 874:together with 843:(red) and the 832: 829: 821:Arab countries 791:, created the 722: 721: 719: 718: 713: 708: 703: 698: 693: 688: 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 657: 654: 653: 642: 641: 634: 627: 619: 611: 610: 606: 605: 601: 600: 598: 597: 587: 574: 562: 550: 536: 534: 532: 531: 530: 529: 517: 505: 493: 481: 469: 457: 432: 429: 428: 427:Units involved 424: 423: 376: 223: 222: 218: 217: 204: 203: 191: 178: 177: 176: 146: 144: 128: 127: 123: 122: 119: 118: 97: 91: 90: 81: 77: 76: 71: 69: 65: 64: 60:7 October 2001 53: 45: 44: 34: 33: 26: 25: 19: 18: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8073: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7918: 7916: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7892: 7890: 7886: 7880: 7877: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7868: 7862: 7861:War on terror 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7843: 7841: 7837: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7795: 7794: 7791: 7790: 7788: 7784: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7730: 7726: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7692: 7688: 7682: 7679: 7675: 7672: 7671: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7656: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7630: 7625: 7623: 7618: 7616: 7611: 7610: 7607: 7595: 7591: 7587: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7575: 7567: 7565: 7557: 7556: 7553: 7547: 7544: 7543: 7541: 7537: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7499: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7467: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7459: 7457: 7451: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7388: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7359: 7355: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7319: 7318: 7315: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7299: 7298:Fall of Kabul 7296: 7294: 7291: 7289: 7286: 7284: 7283:Fall of Herat 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7270: 7269: 7266: 7265: 7264: 7261: 7260: 7258: 7256: 7252: 7246: 7243: 7239: 7236: 7235: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7224: 7221: 7217: 7214: 7213: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7175: 7169: 7168:Bagram attack 7166: 7164: 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7153:Qalat bombing 7151: 7149: 7146: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7095: 7093: 7091: 7087: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7018: 7014: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6948: 6945: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6936: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6852: 6848: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6825: 6822: 6821: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6789:Khost bombing 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6776: 6774: 6772: 6768: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6720: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6682: 6676: 6675:Body pictures 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6650:April attacks 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6627: 6625: 6623: 6619: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6592:Zabul bombing 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6577:Logar bombing 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6559: 6557: 6555: 6551: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6524:Tarok Kolache 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6483: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6367: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6319: 6311: 6308: 6307: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6289: 6286: 6285: 6284: 6281: 6277: 6276:Kabul bombing 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6262: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6250: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6208:Fall of Kabul 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6177: 6174: 6170: 6164: 6161: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6131:United States 6129: 6128: 6127: 6124: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6084:Afghan forces 6082: 6081: 6079: 6073: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5981: 5976: 5974: 5969: 5967: 5962: 5961: 5958: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5925:War on terror 5923: 5922: 5920: 5916: 5910: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5898: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5846: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5815: 5807: 5804: 5803: 5802: 5799: 5798: 5796: 5792: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5777: 5776: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5743: 5740: 5739: 5737: 5733: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5702: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5689: 5686: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5673: 5672: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5662: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5629: 5626: 5622: 5619: 5618: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5607: 5601: 5598: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5579: 5576: 5572: 5569: 5568: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5541: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5530: 5524: 5521: 5520: 5518: 5514: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5500:2016 conflict 5498: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5491: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5481: 5478: 5474: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5449: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5432: 5428: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5408: 5406: 5402: 5396: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5386: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5372:2001–2021 War 5370: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5349: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5337: 5333: 5330: 5326: 5316: 5313: 5308: 5304: 5301: 5297: 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4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4765:Islamic state 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4741: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4724: 4720: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4690: 4689:Fall of Kabul 4687: 4686: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4670: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4658: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4646: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4524: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4471: 4468: 4467: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4434: 4433:Mullah Yaqoob 4431: 4429: 4426: 4424: 4421: 4419: 4416: 4414: 4411: 4410: 4409: 4406: 4400: 4397: 4396: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4381: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4354: 4349: 4347: 4342: 4340: 4335: 4334: 4331: 4323: 4317: 4312: 4311: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4290: 4286: 4285: 4273: 4269: 4263: 4247: 4243: 4237: 4221: 4217: 4211: 4203: 4199: 4193: 4187:, p. 95. 4186: 4181: 4174: 4169: 4162: 4157: 4149: 4145: 4139: 4132: 4127: 4121:, p. 98. 4120: 4115: 4108: 4103: 4088: 4084: 4078: 4070: 4064: 4050: 4046: 4039: 4025: 4021: 4015: 4007: 4005:9780300083408 4001: 3997: 3990: 3988: 3980: 3975: 3959: 3955: 3949: 3941: 3937: 3931: 3915: 3911: 3910: 3905: 3898: 3890: 3884: 3880: 3879: 3871: 3864: 3858: 3842: 3838: 3832: 3825: 3821: 3814: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3792: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3750: 3745: 3729: 3725: 3719: 3715: 3714: 3706: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3676: 3675: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3652: 3646: 3641: 3640: 3631: 3629: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3591: 3574: 3570: 3569: 3564: 3557: 3555: 3553: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3517: 3509: 3503: 3499: 3498: 3493: 3487: 3479: 3475: 3474: 3469: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3439: 3435: 3434: 3429: 3422: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3407: 3403: 3402: 3397: 3391: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3360: 3344: 3340: 3336: 3329: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3306: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3280: 3276: 3275:Express India 3272: 3266: 3258: 3254: 3253: 3248: 3242: 3235: 3230: 3224: 3216: 3210: 3206: 3199: 3184:on 2018-05-04 3183: 3179: 3178:www.onwar.com 3175: 3169: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3133: 3116: 3112: 3110:1-879707-25-X 3106: 3102: 3098: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3076: 3070: 3061: 3045: 3041: 3039: 3030: 3022: 3020:1-56025-438-6 3016: 3012: 3008: 3001: 2994: 2993:2-07-042468-5 2990: 2987:; Gallimard; 2986: 2980: 2964: 2960: 2958: 2949: 2933: 2929: 2923: 2921: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2887: 2883: 2882: 2875: 2873: 2865: 2861: 2858: 2853: 2846: 2842: 2839: 2834: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2803: 2801: 2792: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2742: 2738: 2737: 2736:The Telegraph 2731: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2682: 2680: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2632: 2631: 2626: 2619: 2612: 2608: 2601: 2585: 2581: 2580:National Post 2577: 2571: 2569: 2549: 2542: 2536: 2534: 2525: 2519: 2512: 2508: 2502: 2498: 2493: 2492: 2483: 2475: 2469: 2465: 2458: 2450: 2444: 2440: 2433: 2417: 2413: 2411:9781860648304 2407: 2403: 2399: 2392: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2367: 2360: 2356: 2347: 2346:War on terror 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2328: 2322: 2320: 2319:United States 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2274: 2267:U.S. invasion 2264: 2262: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2199: 2194: 2185: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2170: 2166: 2156: 2154: 2153:Marghab River 2144: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2115: 2110: 2108: 2103: 2099: 2093: 2091: 2086: 2084: 2083:Hezb-i Wahdat 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2054: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2037:Karim Khalili 2031: 2021: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2002: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1977: 1967: 1966:of Pakistan. 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1936:Arab Brigades 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1908:Pakistan Army 1894: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1866: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1829:and parts of 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1759: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1701: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1681:consolidation 1678: 1674: 1671: 1666: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1647: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1625:Hezb-i Wahdat 1623: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1578: 1576: 1573:concludes in 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1515:United States 1512: 1508: 1504: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1453: 1452:War on Terror 1449: 1445: 1438: 1435:interviewing 1434: 1430: 1426: 1417: 1408: 1406: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1387: 1383: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1348: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1296: 1293: 1289: 1288:Ziauddin Butt 1285: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1218: 1215: 1210: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1166: 1156: 1153: 1152:Mohammed Omar 1144: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1108: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1080: 1078: 1077:Karim Khalili 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1052: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1035: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1005: 1003: 997: 992: 989: 987: 982: 980: 976: 972: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 944: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 907: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 846: 842: 837: 828: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 785: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 762: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 659: 658: 655: 650: 640: 635: 633: 628: 626: 621: 620: 617: 609:35,775 killed 607: 602: 596: 592: 588: 586: 575: 573: 568: 563: 561: 556: 551: 549: 538: 537: 535: 528: 518: 516: 515:Hezb-e Wahdat 506: 504: 499: 494: 492: 491:Eastern Shura 487: 482: 480: 475: 470: 468: 467:Shura-e Nazar 463: 458: 456: 446: 445: 444: 439: 434: 433: 431: 430: 425: 422: 417: 411: 406: 400: 395: 389: 388: 387:Muhammad Omar 382: 377: 375: 374:Karim Khalili 370: 364: 359: 353: 348: 342: 337: 331: 326: 320: 315: 309: 304: 298: 293: 287: 282: 276: 271: 265: 260: 254: 253: 248: 243: 237: 236: 230: 225: 224: 219: 216: 202: 192: 190: 179: 175: 170: 165: 164: 163: 161: 148: 147: 145: 143: 142: 141:Islamic State 130: 129: 124: 116: 112: 108: 104: 103: 98: 93: 92: 89: 85: 84:Inconclusive 82: 79: 78: 74: 70: 67: 66: 61: 57: 54: 51: 50: 46: 40: 35: 32: 27: 22: 7825:Yemen crisis 7766: 7206:July attacks 7201:June attacks 6693:Farah attack 5768:Saudi Arabia 5476:Western Asia 5364: 5328:Central Asia 4665:(2001–2021) 4656: 4639:Conscription 4460:Hasan Akhund 4309: 4299: 4282:Bibliography 4272:the original 4262: 4250:. Retrieved 4236: 4224:. Retrieved 4210: 4202:the original 4192: 4180: 4168: 4156: 4148:the guardian 4147: 4138: 4126: 4114: 4102: 4091:. Retrieved 4089:. 1998-05-12 4086: 4077: 4052:. Retrieved 4048: 4038: 4027:. Retrieved 4023: 4014: 3995: 3974: 3962:. Retrieved 3948: 3940:the original 3930: 3918:. Retrieved 3909:The Guardian 3907: 3897: 3877: 3870: 3862: 3857: 3845:. Retrieved 3831: 3813: 3805:the original 3791: 3781:November 21, 3779:. Retrieved 3744: 3734:December 11, 3732:. Retrieved 3712: 3705: 3695:December 11, 3693:. Retrieved 3673: 3638: 3617:December 11, 3615:. Retrieved 3579:November 19, 3577:. Retrieved 3566: 3529:(1): 45–55. 3526: 3522: 3516: 3496: 3486: 3478:the original 3471: 3444:December 13, 3442:. Retrieved 3431: 3406:the original 3399: 3390: 3378:. Retrieved 3369: 3359: 3347:. Retrieved 3338: 3328: 3320:the original 3315: 3305: 3297:the original 3287: 3279:the original 3274: 3265: 3257:the original 3250: 3241: 3232: 3223: 3204: 3198: 3186:. 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London. 2701:August 12, 2352:References 2311:Uzbekistan 2303:Tajikistan 2102:Sheberghan 2012:'s former 1819:Badakhshan 1627:forces of 1551:Najibullah 1519:Waziristan 1476:in a U.S. 894:and later 107:Badakhshan 7900:Venezuela 7839:Worldwide 7767:1996-2001 7539:Memorials 7502:Reactions 7358:Aftermath 6156:Norwegian 6126:Coalition 6094:2001–2006 6054:2020–2021 6049:2011–2016 6021:Logistics 5735:Palestine 5495:First War 5365:1996–2001 5360:1992–1996 5355:1989–1992 5166:Indonesia 5052:East Asia 4996:Sri Lanka 4805:Theocracy 4657:Civil War 4649:Conflicts 4619:Air Force 4087:ReliefWeb 3316:Arab News 2422:2 October 2238:bin Laden 2182:mediation 2024:Hazarajat 1952:40th Army 1891:Hazarajat 1807:Abdul Haq 1773:(green), 1633:Wahhabite 1587:Islamabad 1548:communist 1433:Hamid Mir 1429:Pakistani 1390:In 1998, 1280:Hamid Gul 1249:madrassas 1130:Nangarhar 1118:Abdul Haq 866:(for the 854:(for the 319:Abdul Haq 7820:Gulf War 7652:Domestic 7584:Wikinews 7564:Category 7525:Protests 7442:Salt Pit 7433:Torture 6172:Timeline 6141:Canadian 6089:Civilian 6011:Timeline 5994:Overview 5902:conflict 5230:Thailand 5150:Cambodia 4933:Pakistan 4853:Cold War 4785:Deobandi 4770:Islamism 4629:Red Unit 4606:Military 4505:Shahzada 4500:Dadullah 4302:Penguin. 4246:Archived 4220:Archived 4063:cite web 3958:Archived 3914:Archived 3841:Archived 3775:Archived 3728:Archived 3689:Archived 3611:Archived 3573:Archived 3543:40209731 3494:(2004). 3438:Archived 3380:1 August 3374:Archived 3343:Archived 3152:Archived 3050:20 March 2969:20 March 2938:18 March 2911:Archived 2860:Archived 2841:Archived 2741:Archived 2670:Archived 2548:Archived 2416:Archived 2375:Archived 2325:See also 2317:and the 2250:Al Qaeda 2234:Pakistan 2226:Al Qaeda 2210:Brussels 2174:airspace 2136:Hairatan 1962:and the 1956:hometown 1932:Al-Qaeda 1914:and the 1902:Panjshir 1847:Samangan 1839:Nuristan 1777:(yellow) 1638:and his 1615:hegemony 1597:and his 1523:Pakistan 1448:Al Qaeda 1420:Al-Qaeda 1360:and the 1228:Chairman 1222:General 1204:Pakistan 1017:al-Qaeda 986:Al-Qaeda 943:Panjshir 941:Lion of 888:Pakistan 880:Al-Qaeda 858:and the 817:Al-Qaeda 813:Pashtuns 809:Turkmens 780:and the 778:Pakistan 215:Pakistan 189:Al-Qaeda 111:Panjshir 68:Location 7895:Somalia 7772:2001-21 7762:1992-96 7757:1989-92 7455:process 7263:Attacks 6006:History 6001:Prelude 5704:Lebanon 5516:Bahrain 5192:Myanmar 4674:leaders 4535:History 4399:decrees 4360:Taliban 4024:LevantX 3824:YouTube 3473:Newsday 2995:; p. 75 2611:YouTube 2287:Taliban 2222:Taliban 2098:Maimana 2090:Andkhoy 1954:in his 1843:Laghman 1775:Taliban 1769:(red), 1767:Rabbani 1763:Massoud 1715:Taliban 1689:Taliban 1663:tyranny 1655:Taliban 1507:Taloqan 1396:Bamiyan 1327:former 1292:Colonel 1212:Former 1182:SAD/SOG 979:Taliban 935:out of 868:Taliban 841:Taliban 811:, some 805:Hazaras 770:Taliban 739:Taliban 174:Taliban 96:changes 7594:Portal 7546:London 6146:German 6026:Impact 5817:Turkey 5664:Israel 5277:Others 5123:Taiwan 5087:(North 5085:Korea 5022:Others 4780:Sharia 4722:Events 4565:Emblem 4318: 4002: 3885: 3720: 3681: 3647: 3541: 3504: 3211: 3188:May 3, 3107: 3017: 2991: 2787: 2590:7 June 2503: 2470: 2445: 2408: 2315:Turkey 2307:Russia 2140:Termez 2006:Kunduz 1883:Hazara 1859:Bamyan 1851:Kunduz 1831:Parwan 1827:Takhar 1823:Kapisa 1803:Hazara 1771:Dostum 1741:. 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Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)

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