United States invasion of Afghanistan

5129:(SAS) played a small role in the early stages of the war because American SOF commanders guarded targets for their own units. It took political intercession from Prime Minister Tony Blair for the SAS to be given a direct-action task – the destruction of an al-Qaeda-linked opium production facility. The facility was located 400 km (250 mi) southwest of Kandahar and defended by between 80 and 100 foreign fighters, with a defense of trench lines and several makeshift bunkers. The SAS were ordered to assault the facility in full daylight because CENTCOM would not provide air support for a night raid. The timing meant that the squadrons could not carry out a detailed reconnaissance prior to the assault. Despite these factors, the commanding officer of 22 SAS accepted the mission. The target was a low priority for the US and probably would have been destroyed from the air if the British had not argued for a larger role in Afghanistan. 4297: 5401:

search for bin Laden. Eventually, with the assistance of Green Berets and CIA operators, the militias made progress. The Delta squadron commander agreed with the Jawbreaker assessment of the situation and requested blocking forces or the scattering of aerial landmines to deny mountain passes to the enemy. Since the deployment of the Ranger battalion had been denied, he requested that his operators carryout the proposed role but all his requests were denied by General Franks. On 12 December, two weeks into the battle, Zaman opened negotiations with the trapped al-Qaeda and Taliban in Tora Bora. Against the wishes of the Americans and British, Zaman called a temporary truce to allow al-Qaeda to surrender. This truce was a ruse to allow as many as several hundred al-Qaeda and members of the 055 Brigade to escape over night toward Pakistan. According to journalist

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frustrating Taliban attempts to relieve their embattled forces in the north. Cumulatively, the near constant airstrikes had begun to have a decisive effect and the Taliban began to withdraw toward Mazar-i-Sharif. Dostum's forces and Alpha team of ODA 595 followed, working their way north through the valley. On 5 November, Dostum and Atta began a coordinated assault on the village of Baluch. Dostum prepared his men to follow a bombing run from a B-52 with a cavalry charge, but one of Dostum's lieutenants misunderstood an order and sent 400 Uzbek horsemen charging toward the Taliban lines as the bomber made its final approach. The bomb landed just in time on the Taliban positions and the cavalry charge succeeded in breaking the Taliban defenses. Dostum and Atta then entered the Balkh Valley and continued towards Mazar-i-Sharif.

5563:, the campaign was a "striking military success". The United States achieved its war aims while committing a force of only 110 CIA officers, 350 special operators, and 5,000 Rangers and Marines. The model of special forces working with local fighters and calling in precision air strikes was heavily used by the US during later operations in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria. One explanation for the rapid victory is that in Afghan culture, fighters tend to defect to the winning side once its victory is seen as inevitable; as anthropologist Thomas Barfield puts it, "Just as the Taliban had come to power by persuading people that they were winners without fighting and buying the defection of wavering commanders with suitcases full of hundred-dollar bills, they lost the war in a reverse process." The pattern recurred during the 5433:, Franks opposed the idea because he was "obsessed with not repeating the Soviets' mistake of deploying large conventional formations into Afghanistan," believing it would provoke popular resistance. Another possible explanation is that his attention was elsewhere – Franks spent 12 December, the day bin Laden may have escaped, briefing Secretary Rumsfeld on his plan for invading Iraq. There were also logistical obstacles: airlift assets in Afghanistan were limited, so transporting a large ground force to the Spin Ghar and resupplying it was "essentially impossible," according to an official Army history. Mattis, however, developed a plan that he thought logistically feasible – to drop artillery observers on the mountain passes with five days of sustainment to reduce resupply requirements. 5199:

immediately formed from whoever was in the safe house at the time: a headquarters element from 3rd Battalion, 5th SFG, a pair of USAF liaison officers, a handful of CIA SAD operators and the SBS team. The 8-man SBS team arrived in Land Rovers and the Green Berets and CIA operatives arrived in minivans and began engaging the prisoners, fighting a pitched battle to suppress the uprising, letting Olson escape. The operators then turned their attention to recovering Spann's body. Over four days the battle continued, with Green Berets calling in multiple airstrikes on the Taliban prisoners. During one CAS mission a Joint Direct Attack Munition was misdirected and hit the ground close to the Coalition and Northern Alliance positions, wounding five Green Berets and four SBS operators.

4842: 5341: 5882: 4908:, and as a transportation hub, with two major airports and a bridge into Uzbekistan. Taking the city would enable humanitarian aid to alleviate a looming food crisis, which threatened more than six million people with starvation. Many of those in most urgent need lived in rural areas to the south and west of Mazar-i-Sharif. Dostum and Atta fought their way up the Balkh Valley and on 8 November reached the Tanghi Pass, the gateway between the valley and Mazar-i-Sharif. The pass was heavily defended, but the Northern Alliance seized it on 9 November, triggering a Taliban retreat from Mazar-i-Sharif. The Northern Alliance entered the city on 10 November. 4401:(AFO). AFO was a 45-man reconnaissance unit made up of Delta Force reconnaissance specialists augmented by selected SEALs and supported by ISA's technical experts. AFO had been raised to support TF Sword and was tasked with intelligence preparation of the battlefield, working closely with the CIA and reporting directly to TF Sword. AFO conducted covert reconnaissance along the border with Pakistan. The AFO operators deployed observation posts to watch and report enemy movements and numbers and conduct environmental reconnaissance. The final task force supporting the invasion was CJCMOTF, which would manage civil affairs and humanitarian efforts. 5235: 3679: 4114:

well as ground forces operating inside Afghanistan. The CIA also presented its war plan, which involved inserting paramilitary teams to work with the Northern Alliance and, eventually, American Special Forces units. The planners wanted to minimize the use of American ground forces, to avoid provoking the Afghan population as the British and Russians had done. On 17 September Bush approved the CIA's plan and directed the military to develop a detailed war plan based on the third option from Camp David. Planning efforts were hindered because the Taliban had little physical infrastructure for the military to target. Early plans by the

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Responding to the approach of Karzai's forces, the inhabitants of the town of Tarinkot revolted and expelled their Taliban administrators. Karzai traveled to Tarinkot to meet with the town elders. While he was there, the Taliban marshaled a force of 300–500 men to retake the town. Karzai's small force, plus the American contingent, deployed in the town's front to block the Taliban's advance. Relying heavily on close air support, the American and Afghan force managed to drive the Taliban away from the town.

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no resistance and there was no sign of the Taliban leader, so they searched the target location for intelligence, while their helicopters refueled at the newly established FARP in Rhino. The next day, the Pentagon showed the video footage from Objective Rhino at a press conference and distributed it to news organizations. Intelligence prior to the missions had indicated that neither objective had any Taliban forces on it. According to former Delta Force operations officer Peter Blaber, the JSOC commander

392: 665: 595: 380: 168: 140: 4013: 4818:. They faced the death penalty if convicted. Since their arrival in Afghanistan, the CIA team had been using Northern Alliance intermediaries to contact Taliban officials and attempted to bribe them to release the prisoners, without success. Delta Force specialized in hostage rescue and began planning to infiltrate Kabul with 50–60 operators, disguised as an al-Qaeda convoy, to extract the prisoners. Planning and rehearsal for the mission, which also included an element from 452: 697: 621: 538: 291: 279: 266: 233: 12353: 4234: 4222: 3735: 5353: 5830:, including 20,000 people in Washington, D.C., on 29 September and 20,000 people in London on 7 October. In Afghanistan, according to anthropologist Thomas Barfield, there was "a surprising level of popular support...for the US intervention, especially among non-Pashtuns." In November 2001, CNN reported widespread relief amongst Kabul's residents after the Taliban fled the city, with young men shaving their beards and women taking off their burqas. 12383: 4174: 440: 642: 562: 550: 333: 314: 12373: 464: 207: 4192: 246: 428: 5599: 4663:, reinforced by members of the Territorial SAS regiments, deployed to northwest Afghanistan in support of Enduring Freedom. They conducted largely uneventful reconnaissance under the code-name Operation Determine, none of which resulted in enemy contact. They traveled in Land Rover Desert Patrol Vehicles and modified all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). Both squadrons returned to their barracks in the UK after two weeks. 355: 194: 4210: 12363: 5231:, the former governor of Kandahar. The ODA established covert observation posts by 24 November, allowing them to call in fire on Taliban positions. By the end of November, Kandahar was the Taliban's last stronghold, and was coming under increasing pressure. Nearly 3,000 tribal fighters under Karzai and 350 under Sherzai pressured Taliban forces from the east and cut off northern supply lines to Kandahar. 344: 4096: 4963:, with an air strike in Kabul. That day the Taliban abandoned Kabul and decided to regroup in Jalalabad and Kandahar. Taliban forces evacuated by the end of 13 November, and Northern Alliance forces (supported by ODA 555) arrived took control of the city the following afternoon. During their retreat, the Taliban took the Shelter Now prisoners with them, but abandoned them in a prison in 5413:

addressed to the terrorists that stayed to fight a rearguard action to allow bin Laden to escape. The leader of the CIA Jawbreaker team at Tora Bora believed that two large al-Qaeda groups escaped: the smaller group of 130 jihadis escaped east into Pakistan, while the second group including bin Laden and 200 Saudi and Yemeni jihadis took the route across the mountains to

5385:, who in November had replaced Gary Schroen as the senior CIA officer in Afghanistan. On 2 December, Berntsen requested a battalion of Rangers be dropped into the mountains to establish blocking positions along potential escape routes out of Tora Bora into Pakistan. In addition to the Rangers, other available forces included 1,000 Marines under Brigadier General 4312:(CENTCOM) was the overall commander for Operation Enduring Freedom. He led four task forces: the Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force (CJSOTF), Combined Joint Task Force Mountain (CJTF-Mountain), the Joint Interagency Task Force-Counterterrorism (JIATF-CT), and the Coalition Joint Civil-Military Operations Task Force (CJCMOTF). 5837:(ISAF), with a mandate to help the Afghans maintain security in Kabul and surrounding areas. For its first years ISAF consisted of 8,000 American and 5,000 coalition soldiers and its mandate did not extend beyond the Kabul area. In February 2002, the US detected a large concentration of Taliban and al-Qaeda fighters in the eastern 3798:, disapproved of the alliance with al-Qaeda because bin Laden's terrorist activities were complicating the Taliban's quest for international recognition of their government. In 2000, Muhammad Umar visited bin Laden and forbade him from attacking the United States while he was a guest of the Taliban. During the 1990s, the CIA and 4995:, 50 kilometres (31 mi) southwest of Jalalabad. Nearly 2,000 al-Qaeda and Taliban fighters fortified themselves within bunkers and caves. On 16 November, the US began bombing the mountain redoubt. Around the same time, CIA and Special Forces operatives worked in the area, enlisting local warlords and planning an attack. 5412:

The following day, a handheld radio recovered from a dead al-Qaeda fighter allowed members of the Delta squadron, SBS, CIA, and MI6 to hear bin Laden's voice – apparently apologizing to his followers for leading them to Tora Bora and giving his blessing for their surrender – thought to be a recording

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Forty operators from A Squadron Delta Force deployed forward to Tora Bora and assumed tactical command from the CIA. With the Delta squadron were a dozen of so members of the British SBS. The Delta operators were deployed in small teams embedded within the militias and sent their own operators out to

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strafed a bunker with its 20mm cannon, which narrowly missed several members of G Squadron. When the A Squadron assault force reached the objective, they cleared the HQ building and gathered all intelligence materials they could find. The mission lasted four hours and four SAS operators were wounded;

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cargo aircraft. The Air Troop advance team confirmed the site was suitable and later that day the C-130s landed and disembarked the SAS in their vehicles. The assault force was composed of operators from A and G Squadrons driving 38 Land Rover Desert Patrol Vehicles, two logistics vehicles, and eight

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continued. General Daoud and ODA 586 had initiated massive coalition airstrikes to demoralize the Taliban defenders. After 11 days of fighting and bombardment, Taliban fighters surrendered to Northern Alliance forces on 23 November. Shortly before the surrender, Pakistani aircraft arrived to evacuate

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considered the uninvited arrival to be a violation of sovereignty, and complained to the head of the CIA field office, threatening to resign if the British did not withdraw. The British government had alerted the deputy head of the United Nations mission in Afghanistan that they were deploying troops

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had been fighting the Taliban in the Darya Suf Valley throughout the summer and had gradually lost ground. The valley ran north to south and Dostum had established his headquarters near the village of Dehi—60 miles south of Mazar-i-Sharif—because the rugged terrain prevented Taliban tanks from moving

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drone. The Predator was loitering over Muhammad Umar's house and followed several men who left the house. CIA analysts believed that Umar was in the group, which drove first to the house of Umar's mother and then to a school west of Kandahar. The men stayed in the school for several hours and the CIA

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In 2001, the Defense Department did not have a pre-existing plan for an invasion of Afghanistan. Therefore, the plan approved by Bush was devised by the CIA, reusing elements of the agency's previous contingency plans for collaboration with the Northern Alliance against the Taliban. Bush met with his

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and Rumsfeld, Rumsfeld's view—that the force should not be expanded—prevailed. Historians later wrote that the failure of ISAF to be deployed beyond Kabul drove Karzai to offer positions within the state to potential spoilers whose activities did great harm to the state's reputation. The rise of the

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US Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld aimed to carry out operations in Afghanistan rapidly and leave as fast as possible. He thus wished to focus on kinetic counter-terrorism operations and building up a new Afghan Army. Rumsfeld announced in mid-2002 that "The war is over in Afghanistan," to the

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poll conducted between November and December 2001 showed that majorities in Canada (66%), France (60%), Germany (60%), Italy (58%), and the UK (65%) approved of US airstrikes while majorities in Argentina (77%), China (52%), South Korea (50%), Spain (52%), and Turkey (70%) opposed them. There were a

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alleged that up to five thousand people were evacuated, while Karzai stated that, "even the Americans did not know who got away." The United States government denied that the airlift occurred, with Secretary Rumsfeld saying, "neither Pakistan nor any other country flew any planes into Afghanistan to

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carrying 91 soldiers. The assault teams were drawn from Delta, while teams from the Rangers secured the perimeter and occupied blocking positions. Before the soldiers were inserted, the target area was softened by preparatory fire from AC-130s and MH-60L Direct Action Penetrators. The assaulters met

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during the Soviet–Afghan War. Signal intercepts and interrogation of captured Taliban fighters and al-Qaeda terrorists pointed towards the presence of significant numbers of foreign fighters and possible senior leaders in the area. Instead of committing conventional forces, both the White House and

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helicopters from the 160th SOAR. The Little Birds flew to a Taliban compound near Kandahar codenamed Objective Wolverine and destroyed it. They returned to the lake bed to rearm and refuel, then launched another strike against a second site called Objective Raptor. After the second strike they went

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missile at a truck outside to draw the men out; the men left the school, and Umar escaped. Predator drones had been in development since the early 1990s, had been used to search for bin Laden since 2000, and had even been proposed as a means of assassinating bin Laden before 9/11. The employment of

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to attempt to flee fearing potential U.S. military action - this on top of millions that were already refugees in regional countries due to the continuous conflict already in place for 22 years. Food stock was running critically low and almost all aid workers had left the country after the attacks.

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official, the invoking of Article V seemed to have caught the Americans by surprise, and the Bush administration appeared annoyed at NATO's declaration. Article V states that an attack on one member of the alliance is to be considered an attack on all members. On 7 October, as the US aerial bombing

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sometime around 16 December. A Delta reconnaissance team, call-sign 'Jackal', spotted a tall man wearing a camouflage jacket with a large number of fighters entering a cave. The team called in multiple airstrikes on the presumption that it was bin Laden, but later DNA analysis from the remains did

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On 10 November, operators from C squadron Special Boat Service, inserted via two C-130s into the recently captured Bagram Airfield, caused a political quandary with the Northern Alliance leadership, who claimed the British had failed to consult them on the deployment. The Northern Alliance foreign

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targets. The front facing the Northern Alliance held, and no battlefield successes were achieved there. The United States dropped 1500 munitions in the first week of bombing. They also began airdropping food and medical supplies to civilians in Northern Alliance-controlled territory. By the second

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on 15 September for a war planning session. The military presented three options for military action in Afghanistan: The first was a cruise missile strike, the second was a combined cruise missile and bombing campaign lasting 3–10 days, and the third called for cruise missile and bomber strikes as

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on 15 September and 2 October. During the latter meeting, Grenier, aware that Osmani belonged to the moderate faction of the Taliban and disliked bin Laden, proposed that Osmani seize power in Afghanistan. He offered CIA assistance in the coup on the condition that Osmani would hand over bin Laden

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Simultaneously, the US urged Pakistan to end its support for the Taliban regime and to pressure Muhammad Umar to hand over bin Laden. On 12 September, the US demanded Pakistan close its border with the Taliban and share intelligence with the Bush administration. US pressure on Pakistan reportedly

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On 20 December, ODA 561 was inserted into the White Mountains to support ODA 572 in gathering intelligence in the caves and to assist with recovering DNA samples from terrorist bodies. US and UK forces continued searching into January, but no sign of al-Qaeda leadership emerged. An estimated 220

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From the outset of the battle, ODA 572 with its attached Combat Controller called in precision airstrikes, whilst the Afghans launched a number of poorly executed attacks on established al-Qaeda positions, with limited success. The militias would typically gain ground in the morning following US

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On 5 December, a 2,000-pound (910 kg) GPS-guided bomb landed among the Green Berets from ODA 574, killing 3 members and wounding the rest of the team. Over 20 of Karzai's militia were also killed and Karzai himself was slightly wounded. A Delta Force unit that had been operating nearby on a

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at that time—simply ignored Abdullah and drove to the Panjshir Valley, where he paid his respects to Ahmad Shah Massoud's grave and held talks with Northern Alliance leaders. The British Foreign Secretary tried to reassure the Northern Alliance that the deployment was not a vanguard of a British

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Valley after being delayed by weather for several nights, near Dostum and ODA 595. Its role was to support General Atta in a drive on Mazar-i-Sharif, coordinated with Dostum. Bravo team of ODA 595 conducted airstrikes in the Darya Suf Valley, cutting off and destroying Taliban reinforcements and

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to work alongside warlord Burillah Khan. The same night, three Delta Force operators flew into the Panjshir and began working with the CIA Jawbreaker team to plan an important hostage rescue mission. In early August 2001, the Taliban had imprisoned eight employees of a Christian aid organization

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on the United States, employing four hijacked jet airliners. The attacks killed almost 3,000 people and injured more than 6,000 others. By the early afternoon of 11 September, the CIA had confirmed that al-Qaeda was responsible for the attack. The Taliban condemned the attacks, but Umar issued a

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Barbers too were doing brisk business as young men with trimmed beards and bare faces walked the streets listening to music from roadside stalls, no longer fearing imprisonment. Yet relief at the fall of the Taliban in Kabul does not mean residents are now completely relaxed. Scenes of joy mask

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Several events in early 2002 can be seen as the conclusion of the first phase of the US-led war in Afghanistan. The first was the dispersal of the major groups of the Taliban and al-Qaeda after the end of Anaconda. In February 2002, the United States decided to not expand international security

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US forces established their main base at Bagram airbase just north of Kabul. Kandahar airport also became an important US base, and outposts were established in eastern provinces to hunt for Taliban and al-Qaeda fugitives. Following Operation Anaconda, al-Qaeda and Taliban fighters established

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AC-130 gunships kept up aerial bombardments throughout the night. The following day (27 November) the siege was broken when Northern Alliance T-55 tanks were brought into the central courtyard to fire shells into several block houses containing Taliban fighters. Fighting continued sporadically

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tribe and had been an enemy of the Taliban since they assassinated his father in 1999. He had entered Afghanistan with three other men on 9 October, but was almost killed by the Taliban, and was extracted by the CIA on 4 November. Once he returned he began to move towards the town of Tarinkot.

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A change in US policy was effected in early September 2001. The Bush administration agreed on a plan to start supporting Massoud. On 10 September, a meeting of top national security officials agreed that the Taliban would be presented with an ultimatum to hand over bin Laden and other al-Qaeda

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in the 1980s, who had language skills and regional expertise. At month's end, a handful of MI6 officers landed in northeast Afghanistan and met with Fahim. They began working with other contacts in the north and south to build alliances, secure support, and bribe as many Taliban commanders as

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armored vehicles retrofitted with rocket pods from Soviet combat helicopters. Dostum's Uzbeks used horses for transportation. The Northern Alliance had 18 helicopters and three fixed-wing planes, used mostly for logistical purposes. The Taliban's equipment was similar to that of the Northern

3834:, which demanded the Taliban surrender bin Laden for trial in the US and close all terrorist bases in Afghanistan. At the time, the only collaboration between Massoud and the US was an effort with the CIA to trace bin Laden. The US provided no support for Massoud's fight against the Taliban. 5198:

The other CIA operator, Dave Olson, made contact with CENTCOM, which relayed his request for assistance to SOF troops at a TF Dagger safe house in Mazar-i-Sharif. The safe house housed members of Delta Force, some Green Berets and a small team from M squadron SBS. A quick reaction force was

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The Green Berets of ODA 595 split into two elements, Alpha and Bravo. Alpha rode on horseback with General Dostum to his headquarters to plan an assault on Mazar-i-Sharif. Bravo was tasked with clearing the Darya Suf Valley of Taliban and to travel into the Alma Tak Mountains to conduct

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factions. The Northern Alliance received varying degrees of support from Russia, Iran, and India. Like the Taliban, Massoud also raised money by trafficking drugs. By 2001, the Taliban controlled 80% of the country, with the Northern Alliance confined to the country's northeast corner.

4397:, was an intelligence integration and fusion activity composed of personnel from all participating units. Bowie numbered 36 military personnel and 57 from agencies such as the FBI, NSA, and CIA, as well as liaison officers from coalition SOF. Administratively embedded within Bowie was 3794:, Afghanistan. He had founded al-Qaeda in the late 1980s to continue jihad after the end of the Soviet–Afghan War. He moved al-Qaeda's operations to eastern Afghanistan and developed a close relationship with the Taliban. However some key Taliban members, such as the foreign minister 5278:

On 6 December, Karzai was informed that he would be the next president of Afghanistan. He also negotiated the successful surrender of both the remaining Taliban forces and the city of Kandahar. Karzai's militia began their final push to clear the city. The US government rejected

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in the desert south of Kandahar on 25 November (Camp Rhino was located at Objective Rhino, the same airstrip seized by the Rangers on 19 October). On 26 November, 15 Taliban armored vehicles approached the base and were attacked by helicopter gunships, destroying many of them.

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went on to warn that should the United States invade Afghanistan, jihad would become obligatory until the invaders were expelled. On 21 September, Muhammad Umar rejected both Bush's demands and the advice of the council, again denying that bin Laden was responsible for 9/11.

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on 13 November. Anti-Taliban Afghans freed the prisoners, who had found a satellite phone and used it to call the American embassy in Pakistan. SEAL Team Six used Chinook helicopters to extract the prisoners from Ghazni on the night of 14 November and take them to Pakistan.

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estimated that between 1,537 and 2,375 civilians were killed during the invasion. Northern Alliance casualties are unknown. United States casualties were 12 military personnel and one CIA officer (Mike Spann), while the Taliban suffered 8,000 to 12,000 killed. According to

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The assault began with a preparatory airstrike, after which A Squadron dismounted from their vehicles and closed in on the target on foot. G Squadron provided covering fire with heavy weapons, and air support flew sorties until running out of munitions. On a final pass, a

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The fall of the city was a "major shock"; the US Central Command originally believed it would remain in Taliban hands well into the following year. US Army Civil Affairs Teams from the 96th Civil Affairs Battalion, and Tactical Psychological Operations Teams from the

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suggested on 27 September that "millions" of Afghans would possibly starve, amid the paralyzed relief network, closed border crossings, and the cold winter approaching. The U.N. refugee agency feared that the scale of the crisis could reach the peaks of that in

4783:, impressing Dostum. As part of its operations, the Americans beamed in radio broadcasts in both Pashto and Dari calling al-Qaeda and the Taliban criminals and promising US$ 25 million to anyone who would provide information leading to bin Laden's whereabouts. 5790:

made the opposite case, that Afghanistan was responsible for the actions of al-Qaeda because it allowed al-Qaeda to operate from its territory and refused to extradite al-Qaeda operatives. The debate continued with the 2009 publication of Myra Williamson's

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The defeat of the Taliban at Tarinkot was an important victory for Karzai, who used it to recruit more men to his fledgling guerrilla band. His force would grow in size to a peak of around 800 men. Soon afterwards, they left Tarinkot and began advancing on

5782:. The US sent a letter to the Security Council on 7 October stating that, "Afghanistan was harboring terrorists who attacked the United States, that further attacks might be anticipated, and that military action was needed to deter them." Legal scholar 4427:

and designated the Northern Afghanistan Liaison Team, known by the call-sign 'Jawbreaker'. In addition to specialized human assets, the team brought a metal case containing $ 3 million in $ 100 bills to buy support. Jawbreaker linked up with General

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The US aimed to destroy al-Qaeda and remove the Taliban regime from power, but also sought to prevent the Northern Alliance from taking control of Afghanistan, believing the Alliance's rule would alienate the country's Pashtun majority. CIA director

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article described Afghanistan as a "post-apocalyptic place of felled cities, parched land and downtrodden people." Seventy percent of the population was undernourished in 2001, and the life expectancy was ranked two places from bottom in the world.

4331:(160th SOAR). Dagger was assigned to the north of Afghanistan and Task Force K-Bar was assigned to southern Afghanistan. K-Bar was led by Navy SEAL Captain Robert Harward and formed around SEAL Teams 2, 3 and 8 and Green Berets from 1st Battalion, 4004:

On the evening of 11 September, President Bush stated the US would respond to the attacks and would "make no distinction between those who planned these acts and those who harbor them." On 14 September 2001, Congress passed legislation titled

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Alongside the SOF task forces operated the largely conventional CJTF-Mountain. Mountain initially comprised three subordinate commands, but only one was a special operations force – Task Force 64, a special forces task group built around a

5515:, Tajikistan. The US established its main base at Karshi-Khanabad Air Base (known as K2) in Uzbekistan. Personnel and equipment were flown from the large American bases in Germany to K2 and then to Afghanistan. Pakistan granted the use of 5003:

On 13 November, the 75th Ranger Regiment carried out its second combat parachute drop into Afghanistan. A platoon-sized Ranger security element, including a team from the Ranger Reconnaissance Detachment and accompanied by eight Air Force

3910:. Several hundred officers from Pakistan's ISI were stationed in Afghanistan advising the Taliban. By mid-October, approximately 10,000 Pakistani volunteers crossed the border to augment the Taliban's forces. The volunteers were mostly 3944:

in 1998. Afghanistan also faced a serious humanitarian crisis in 2001 due to drought; according to the United Nations, 5 million Afghans were in need of humanitarian aid that year and 3.8 million could not survive without UN food aid.

4361:(JSOC) component of the mission. Task Force Sword's primary objective was capturing or killing senior leadership within al-Qaeda and the Taliban. Sword was structured around a two-squadron component of operators from Delta Force and 5397:, the month when Muslims do not eat or drink during the day. With the Afghan offensive stalled and the CIA and ODA teams overstretched, Franks decided to deploy special operations soldiers from JSOC into the battle on 9 December. 3939:

Both sides had a history of human rights abuses: Uzbeks and Hazaras had "massacred hundreds of Taliban prisoners and killed Pashtun villagers in the north and around Kabul", and the Taliban killed 5,000–8,000 civilians after they

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disbelief of State Department, CIA, and military officials in the country. As a result, Rumsfeld downplayed the need for an Afghan army of even 70,000 troops, far fewer than the 250,000 envisaged by Karzai. In February 2002, the

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and outlined the Bonn Process that would lead towards a new constitution and a new Afghan government. Following the Bonn Conference, tribal leaders and former exiles established an interim government in Kabul under Hamid Karzai.

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The military completed its war plan by 21 September and called it Operation Infinite Justice. This name was deemed culturally insensitive because Islamic theology only deems God's justice to be infinite, so Secretary of Defense

5381:. Hazrat Ali and Zaman distrusted each other, and during the battle their militias sometimes shot at each other. Using CIA funds, some 1,000 Afghan fighters were recruited for the coming battle. The leader of the CIA team was 3527:

on 13 November and toppled the Taliban by 17 December, after which international military bases were set up near major cities across the country. However, most members of al-Qaeda and the Taliban were not captured: during the

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had taken over throughout northeastern Afghanistan, including Jalalabad; Taliban holdouts in the north fell back to the city of Kunduz, while others retreated to their heartland in southeastern Afghanistan, around Kandahar.

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requested that the Air Force strike the school with a conventional bomb, but Franks denied the request, citing the risk of collateral damage and uncertainty over whether Umar was really there. The CIA fired the Predator's

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became the new leader of the Northern Alliance. The Alliance had 15,000–20,000 fighters distributed across five locations. On the Kabul front, Taliban and Northern Alliance forces faced each other from trenches across the

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and coordinating a batch of preparatory airstrikes, when Khan surprised the Americans by launching an impromptu mass infantry assault on the Taliban holding the city. The city fell before the first bomb could be dropped.

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intelligence and military personnel who had been aiding the Taliban's fight against the Northern Alliance, including Taliban and al-Qaeda leaders. The details of the airlift are disputed. Investigative reporter

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Simultaneously, a squadron of Delta Force operatives supported by Rangers from Task Force Sword conducted an operation—designated Objective Gecko—outside Kandahar at Muhammad Umar's residential compound. Four

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After the fall of Kabul and Kandahar, suspected al-Qaeda members, including bin Laden and other key leaders, withdrew to Jalalabad, Nangarhar Province. From there they moved into the Tora Bora region of the

5910:' for Afghanistan. The decision against a significant expansion of international presence and development assistance was later seen by historians as a major error. However, the US's growing commitment to 4857:

On the Shomali Plain, ODA 555 and the CIA Jawbreaker team attached to Fahim Khan's forces began calling airstrikes on entrenched Taliban positions at the southeastern end of the former Soviet air base at

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the Pentagon decided to isolate and destroy al-Qaeda elements in the area with the US SOF supporting locally recruited Afghan militias, due to a fear of repeating the Soviet's experience in the area.

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Scholars have disputed the legality of the invasion under international law. The US and its allies argued that the invasion was an act of self defense, which is legal according to Article 51 of the

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has argued that the invasion was illegal because al-Qaeda, not Afghanistan, was the perpetrator of the 9/11 attacks, and because there was no evidence that further terrorist attacks were imminent.

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back to the lake bed, loaded onto the MC-130s and flew back to Oman. A series of missions codenamed Operation Relentless Strike began on 16 November. On the first night, the Rangers drove modified

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director-general to negotiate with the Taliban. Muhammad Umar told Pakistan that he would be willing to turn bin Laden over to a third country, but the US refused, demanding a direct handover.

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A landlocked country with forbidding terrain and a harsh climate, Afghanistan presents major difficulties for military operations. Prior to the war, the United States had no military bases in

4440:. The Jawbreaker team brought satellite communications equipment, enabling its intelligence reports to be instantly available to CIA headquarters. The team also assessed potential targets for 10886: 10808: 5735: 5463: 4937:

peacekeeping army, but Northern Alliance leaders did not believe them; with the threat of the Northern Alliance opening fire on incoming troop transports, the deployment was put on hold.

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the site, with initial reports of eleven enemy killed and nine fleeing; upon reaching the ground the Rangers located and killed one Taliban fighter. The Rangers provided security while a

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CJSOTF consisted of three subordinate task forces: Joint Special Operations Task Force-North (JSOTF-North or Task Force Dagger), Joint Special Operations Task Force-South (JSOTF-South or

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demanded that the Taliban government extradite Osama bin Laden to the United States and also expel al-Qaeda militants from Afghanistan; bin Laden had been active in Afghanistan since the

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was a key ally of the United States, offering support for military action from the start of the invasion preparations. The American military presence in Afghanistan greatly bolstered the

6092: 10841: 4878:. ODA 586 deployed to Kunduz with the forces of General Daoud Khan and ODA 594 deployed into the Panjshir to assist the men of ODA 555. Among the individuals in ODA 594 was 71 year old 4009:, authorizing military force against al-Qaeda and its supporters. President Bush addressed Congress on 20 September and demanded the Taliban deliver bin Laden and al-Qaeda or face war. 3968:, he initially denied having any involvement. One of bin Laden's strategic goals was to draw the US into a costly war in Afghanistan, so it could be defeated just as the USSR had been. 3413: 3515:. The Taliban declined to extradite bin Laden and further ignored demands to shut down terrorist bases or extradite other suspected terrorists. In response, the United States launched 10955: 5921:, who had fled during the previous decades of war, returned to Afghanistan from Pakistan and Iran. By 2012, over 5.7 million had returned, increasing the country's population by 25%. 5393:

airstrikes, but relinquish control of those gains the same day. They would also retreat to their base areas to sleep and break their fast each night, since the battle occurred during

3720:. His followers were religious students and sought to end warlord rule through strict adherence to Islamic law. By the end of 1994, the Taliban had captured all of Kandahar Province. 1611: 12294: 5445:; the Taliban were excluded, while three Afghan opposition groups participated. Observers included representatives of neighboring and other involved major countries. The resulting 5314:, a group led by Dostum. Hundreds to 2,000 of the Taliban prisoners suffocated in the overcrowded metal shipping containers on trucks or were shot dead in an incident known as the 1404: 3936:

during the Soviet–Afghan War. They relied on pickup trucks for mobility and operated as a "motorized light force." They had about 40 combat aircraft, operated by ex-PDPA pilots.

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in the Indian Ocean was used as a platform for helicopters of the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment to fly special operations personnel into southern Afghanistan. Some

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The revolt ended on 1 December after seven days of fighting. 86 Taliban survived out of 1,000 that had been in the prison, and around 50 Northern Alliance soldiers were killed.

1139: 1013: 5485:, during the invasion the Northern Alliance "carried out systematic attacks on Pashtun villages, raping women, summarily executing civilians, and stealing livestock and land." 10876: 2265: 3750:

interpretation of Islam in areas under their control, issuing edicts forbidding women to work outside the home or attend school and requiring them to abide by harsh rules on

10881: 1900: 4794:. Haq was among the most famous commanders of the anti-Soviet jihad, during which he had been wounded sixteen times and lost a foot. The Taliban captured and executed him. 10911: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10891: 4717:

observation plane flying overhead. No US casualties were suffered in the operation itself (two Rangers received minor injuries in the jump), but two Rangers assigned to a

3579:. Protracted fighting continued for the next two decades, and by mid-2021, the international coalition and the United States had begun to withdraw from the country amidst 841: 12412: 10923: 5647: 3315: 5795:. Williamson analyzed the legal questions raised by state responses to terrorism and the implications of the Afghanistan precedent for later conflicts such as the 2003 10943: 9797: 4987:(HALO) jump northeast of Kandahar to call in airstrikes on targets retreating from Kabul, the first combat HALO jump conducted at night by the United States since the 4006: 1006: 12191: 5145:

Kawasaki dirt bikes. The assault force drove to a release point and split into two elements. A squadron was the assault force and G Squadron provided fire support.

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operators, parachuted into a dry lake bed southwest of Kandahar and secured the area. A pair of MC-130 cargo planes then landed in the lake bed and deposited four

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throughout the week, and the Taliban were finished by Dostum's Northern Alliance forces. The combined Green Beret–SBS team recovered Spann's body on 26 November.

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At the beginning of November, US aircraft shifted from attacking strategic targets to striking the Taliban front lines. On 2 November, ODA 553 inserted into

4822:, continued for the next three weeks, but execution was delayed because the Taliban frequently moved the Shelter Now employees between two prisons in Kabul. 4486: 4328: 8117: 12312: 11467: 10846: 6039: 5576: 5442: 3560: 3418: 3400: 1767: 1397: 4047:

included an ultimatum that Pakistan declares itself either a friend or a foe and the threat to "turn Pakistan back to the stone age". Pakistani president

12427: 11427: 10928: 3385: 1544: 1132: 5914:, which it had invaded in March 2003, was absorbing more and more resources, which would have made committing such resources to Afghanistan impossible. 4134:

argued that the US should target al-Qaeda but "hold off on the Taliban," since the Taliban were popular in Pakistan and attacking them could jeopardize

10803: 9757: 3484:. Prior to the beginning of the United States' war effort, the Taliban had seized around 85% of Afghanistan's territory as well as the capital city of 2258: 880: 5429:

In subsequent years, the military was heavily criticized for not deploying ground forces into Tora Bora to capture bin Laden. According to journalist

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ODA 574 and Hamid Karzai began moving on Kandahar, gathering fighters from friendly local Pashtun tribes. At the strategic Sayd-Aum-Kalay Bridge they

4414: 4296: 12158: 10798: 10793: 3633:, to support rebels fighting against the Soviet-backed PDPA. While the secular and socialist government controlled the cities, religiously motivated 1893: 1597: 872: 5567:, when the US-backed government collapsed and a resurgent Taliban captured a dozen provincial capitals in a week before it entered Kabul unopposed. 4621: 12150: 10818: 5812: 4648:

Chinook helicopters from 2nd Battalion 160th SOAR. ODA 555 went to the Panjshir Valley to link up with the NALT and Fahim, and ODA 595 went to the

4597: 3898:, the 055 Brigade was only 400–600 strong, but its ties to bin Laden made it politically important. The foreign fighters included Arabs as well as 17: 9766: 9474:

concerns that the alliance's capture of the city will again result in the ethnic infighting that ravaged Kabul before the Taliban capture in 1996.

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On 7 October, the US began military operations in Afghanistan with air strikes on 31 targets across the country. Most of the Taliban's outdated

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The fall of Kabul started a cascading collapse of Taliban positions. Within 24 hours, all Afghan provinces along the Iranian border had fallen,

12407: 6084: 3743: 3457: 1125: 270: 103: 11505: 10938: 4118:(JSOC) included poisoning the Afghan food supply and raiding a fertilizer factory that JSOC believed could be used to make chemical weapons. 2860: 2251: 6011: 10122: 10098: 5758: 1886: 4146:

At the time of the invasion, the humanitarian situation in Afghanistan was dire, and the attacks in the United States caused thousands of

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In October 2001 when the invasion began, polls indicated that about 88% of Americans and about 65% of Britons backed military action. An

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The invasion consisted of American, British, Canadian, and Australian forces, with other countries providing logistical support. General

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operatives. If the Taliban refused, the US would provide covert military aid to anti-Taliban groups to attempt to overthrow the Taliban.

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and smaller surrounding areas. The American-led invasion on 7 October 2001, marked the first phase of what would become the 20-year-long

9684: 5195:, one of two CIA SAD operatives at the fortress who had been interrogating prisoners, was killed, marking America's first combat death. 3976: 12366: 12196: 11258: 4074:

On 4 October, the British government released a document summarizing the evidence linking bin Laden to the attacks. That same day, the

3520: 2727: 1947: 1697: 805: 729: 4572:, and radar and command units were destroyed on the first night. On the same night the CIA conducted the first-ever air strike with a 11817: 11691: 11389: 11374: 10933: 10770: 3941: 3095: 3011: 2791: 2275: 2102: 2067: 1977: 109: 3523:, including Afghanistan's local Northern Alliance. The invasion effort made rapid progress for the next two months as the coalition 12277: 11872: 11528: 11422: 4332: 4324: 3140: 2887: 1849: 12317: 11671: 11437: 11359: 11248: 11185: 10823: 5866: 5834: 5827: 5751: 5101:

Task Force Dagger's attention focused on the last northern Taliban stronghold, Kunduz. As the bombardment at Tora Bora grew, the

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ODA 572 and a CIA team were dispatched to Tora Bora to advise eastern anti-Taliban militias under the command of two warlords:

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capabilities and prepare for the deployment of special force A-teams into Afghanistan to support the Northern Alliance rebels.

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In 1996, with military support from Pakistan and financial support from Saudi Arabia, the Taliban seized Kabul and founded the

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Both sides primarily used Russian military equipment. The Northern Alliance had 14.5mm heavy machine guns, Russian artillery,

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The mission began in November 2001, with an 8-man patrol from G Squadron's Air Troop performing the regiments first wartime

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The team was made up of seven field agents, two pilots, and a helicopter mechanic. Phil Reilly was the deputy team leader.

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al-Qaeda fighters were killed during the battle and 52 prisoners were taken. No American or British personnel were killed.

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Daisy Cutter bombs, which caused heavy Taliban casualties. On 8 November, ODAs 586 and 594 infiltrated into Afghanistan in

4841: 4612:. Within a few days, most Taliban training sites were severely damaged and air defenses destroyed. The campaign focused on 4501:

helicopters and made operational readiness just as the bombing campaign was commencing. The initial focus was to establish

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afterwards. Although Osmani initially showed some interest in the proposal, they ultimately failed to reach an agreement.

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for his involvement in the bombings. In 1999 both the US and the United Nations enacted sanctions against the Taliban in

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possible to change sides or leave the fight. Two more CIA teams soon arrived, operating near Herat and Mazar-i-Sharif.

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Maley, William (2012). "PRT activity in Afghanistan: the Australian experience". In Hynek, Nik; Marton, Péter (eds.).

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Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001

4871: 4625: 4285: 3293: 3281: 3038: 3001: 2219: 2207: 2077: 1575: 1457: 1353: 9966: 3890:. The Taliban military comprised approximately 45,000 Afghans and 2,700 foreign fighters, which included al-Qaeda's 12201: 12055: 12020: 11832: 11404: 11137: 10813: 10363: 9903: 9155: 7349: 5494: 5059: 5044: 4398: 4358: 4115: 3729: 3698: 3481: 3305: 3276: 3110: 2882: 2811: 2202: 2112: 2012: 1987: 1175: 795: 790: 785: 50: 3701:. By then, bin Laden had left the country. The United States' interest in Afghanistan also diminished. In 1994, a 12003: 11784: 8109: 5326:

discovered the mass grave in 2002, but the Bush administration discouraged attempts to investigate the incident.

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On 11 November, in the central north of Afghanistan, ODA 586 was advising General Daod Khan outside the city of

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A Different Kind of War: The United States Army in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) October 2001-September 2005

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In early December, as the US invasion was almost over, 7,500 Taliban prisoners were transported from Kunduz to

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in a strike against al-Qaeda training camps and Taliban military installations in Afghanistan on 7 October 2001

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reorganized the movement to wage asymmetric warfare against the coalition, and by 2002, the group had launched

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Descent into Chaos : the US and the Failure of Nation Building in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia

10027:"Review of Terrorism, War and International Law: The Legality of the Use of Force Against Afghanistan in 2001" 9978: 4900:

US Army Special Forces soldiers upon arriving in Mazar-i-Sharif with Northern Alliance fighters on 10 November

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fortress near Mazar-i-Sharif, a few Taliban attacked their Northern Alliance guards. This incident triggered

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and Land Rovers to secure a remote desert airstrip. The Little Birds then flew in on MC-130s and conducted a

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On the night of 19 October, simultaneous with the Special Forces entering the country, 200 Rangers from the

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for the air campaign. To allow fixed-wing aircraft to land in the area, the team refurbished an airstrip at

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in Kandahar and soldiers from the 10th Mountain Division in Uzbekistan. Franks denied Berntsen's request.

11978: 11960: 11925: 11591: 11384: 11369: 5899: 5681: 5323: 4694: 4052: 3660: 3652: 3234: 3222: 3187: 2939: 2801: 2786: 2422: 2167: 2147: 2032: 1864: 1303: 1268: 670: 10483: 12097: 11955: 11774: 11651: 11581: 11490: 11364: 11296: 11030: 10980: 9422: 5635: 5617: 5540: 5251: 5221: 4926: 4862:. The Green Berets set up an observation post in a disused air traffic control tower and guided in two 4780: 4524: 3965: 3815: 3678: 3516: 3217: 2934: 2850: 2764: 2700: 2234: 1997: 1967: 1834: 1809: 1671: 1524: 1428: 1322: 1103: 5422:

not match bin Laden's. With the majority of the enemy gone, the battle came to an end on 17 December.

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Horse Soldiers: The Extraordinary Story of a Band of U.S. soldiers Who Rode to Victory in Afghanistan

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sanctuaries on the Pakistani border, where they launched cross-border raids beginning in April 2002.

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with the Taliban, eventually seizing it with the help of US airpower, opening the road to Kandahar.

4713:, to refuel aircraft flying to the next objective. The mission was filmed by combat cameramen and a 4353: 11905: 11759: 11754: 11538: 11331: 11311: 10853: 10756: 5796: 5657: 5184: 4718: 4633: 4519: 4490: 4448: 4423:) 10 members of the CIA into the Panjshir Valley, Massoud's stronghold. The CIA mission was led by 3867:

in the south, near Kabul. Dostum's forces were located south of Mazar-i-Sharif, the Hazaras under

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Terrorism, War and International Law: The Legality of the Use of Force Against Afghanistan in 2001

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Terrorism, War and International Law: The Legality of the Use of Force Against Afghanistan in 2001

4991:. By 13 November, al-Qaeda and Taliban forces—possibly including bin Laden—were concentrating in 4754:"believed that if we raided empty targets in Afghanistan and filmed the raids for the world to see 3993: 3827: 12114: 12008: 11920: 11862: 11827: 11749: 11711: 11706: 11681: 11661: 11611: 11321: 11063: 10461: 10126: 5687: 5585: 5548: 5141: 5140:

to assess its suitability as an improvised airstrip for the landing of the main assault force in

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US aircraft bombed Taliban training camps and air defenses over the next several days, employing

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via 4 MH-60K helicopters with a small force of guerrillas. Karzai was the leader of the Pashtun

5025:. The Little Birds conducted similar search and destroy missions over the next several nights. 4790:

entered Afghanistan with about 20 supporters and tried to raise a revolt against the Taliban in

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granted permission for US forces to operate from its territory. Within 48 hours, units from the

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of the North Atlantic Treaty for the first time in its history; According to one senior British

63:

Major American special forces operations in Afghan territory between October 2001 and March 2002

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served as the headquarters of Joint Special Operations Command, while the aircraft carrier USS

5318:. Some were killed when guards shot air holes into the containers. The dead were buried in the 5315: 5259: 5176: 5166: 4972: 4896: 4891: 4742: 4730: 4452: 4336: 4087:

campaign began, President Bush stated, "Full warning has been given, and time is running out."

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met to decide whether to expand ISAF beyond Kabul. In a dispute between Secretary of State

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First In: An Insider's Account of How the CIA Spearheaded the War on Terror in Afghanistan

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CIA activities in Afghanistan § Afghanistan 2001: September 11 attacks, U.S. invasion

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US Air Force Combat Controllers in combat during the invasion of Afghanistan, October 2001

8: 12047: 11970: 11910: 11882: 11809: 11731: 11643: 11563: 11515: 11477: 11414: 11346: 11278: 11263: 11220: 11210: 11162: 11127: 11114: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11075: 11053: 11035: 10972: 10388: 7364: 5816: 5693: 5417:, Pakistan. The Delta squadron commander believed that bin Laden crossed the border into 5335: 5126: 4998: 4660: 4613: 4590: 4343:

missions. Most coalition contributions were arrayed under K-Bar, including New Zealand's

4271: 4066:, the CIA's chief of station in Pakistan, to discuss giving up bin Laden. The two met in 3770: 3529: 3489: 3172: 2747: 2695: 2563: 2558: 1937: 1829: 1737: 1689: 1678: 1631: 1514: 1329: 1258: 1108: 988: 983: 978: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 893: 888: 765: 502: 485: 10156: 9782: 3693:

in February 1989, the PDPA regime collapsed in 1992. In the resulting power vacuum, the

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on 7 October 2001, alongside the United Kingdom. The two countries were later joined by

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and moved into the city. Umar departed Kandahar and disappeared; he may have gone to

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and formed a resistance movement against the Taliban, called the United Front or the

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On 26 September, fifteen days after 9/11, the US covertly inserted (via CIA-piloted

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by detonating a bomb hidden in their video camera battery belt during an interview.

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Briscoe, Charles H.; Kiper, Richard L.; Schroder, James A.; Sepp, Kalev I. (2004).

5963: 5886: 5800: 5560: 5516: 5477: 5300: 5295:, or Pakistan. Other Taliban leaders fled to Pakistan through the remote passes of 5292: 5228: 5215: 5080: 5067: 4905: 4689:—a landing strip south of Kandahar. The landing strip had been built as part of an 4578: 4323:). Task Force Dagger was led by Colonel James Mulholland and was formed around his 4316: 4259: 4048: 3868: 3635: 2583: 2497: 2437: 2427: 1732: 1717: 1657: 1558: 1483: 1450: 1433: 1289: 1251: 1199: 1088: 570: 519: 408: 12206: 11852: 11656: 11553: 11291: 10990: 10748: 10669: 10645: 10600: 10576: 10528: 10455: 10412: 10367: 10343: 10322: 10275: 10225: 10204: 10180: 10135: 9974: 9783:"Afghanistan and the Future of Warfare: Implications for Army and Defense Policy" 9393: 7049: 7022: 5918: 5857: 5783: 5524: 5311: 5296: 5137: 5120: 5102: 5092: 4859: 4850: 4826: 4710: 4698: 4686: 4672: 4433: 4394: 4123: 4102: 4017: 3864: 3860: 3758: 3672: 3610: 3600: 3472:

a safe base of operations in Afghanistan by toppling the Taliban government. The

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The way of the knife: the CIA, a secret army, and a war at the ends of the Earth

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recommending that the Islamic Emirate ask bin Laden to leave their country. The

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Relentless strike : the secret history of Joint Special Operations Command

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Directorate S: The C.I.A. and America's Secret Wars in Afghanistan and Pakistan

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as an auxiliary base, and the CIA flew Predator drones from both Jacobabad and

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ODA 583 had infiltrated the Shin-Narai Valley southeast of Kandahar to support

5096: 4811: 4751: 4653: 4429: 4378: 4369:(ISA) signals intercept and surveillance team, and the 160th SOAR. The British 3985: 3929: 3851: 3500: 3473: 2447: 2313: 2289: 1910: 1358: 391: 384: 173: 30:"Invasion of Afghanistan" redirects here. For invasions by other polities, see 10042: 5917:

In the years following the invasion and overthrow of the Taliban, millions of

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more than 300 kilometers (190 mi) across the 16,000 feet (4,900 m)

4583: 4362: 4320: 3887: 3856: 3626: 3453: 3449: 2618: 2517: 664: 594: 566: 523: 379: 145: 9886: 7780:. Fort Leavenworth, Kans.: Combat Studies Institute Press. pp. 109–111. 3555:(ISAF) to oversee military operations in Afghanistan and also train the new 10689: 10620: 10596: 10548: 10414:

Statebuilding in Afghanistan: Multinational Contributions to Reconstruction

10200: 10176: 9745: 5870: 5544: 5500: 5402: 5329: 5275:

and secured the site, while Delta medics treated the wounded Green Berets.

5172: 5063: 5048: 4746: 4569: 4424: 4305: 4152: 4131: 4012: 3803: 3757:

After the Taliban takeover of Kabul, Massoud retreated north to his native

3738:

Taliban (red) and Northern Alliance (blue) control over Afghanistan in 2000

3668: 3630: 3614: 3564: 489: 468: 7350:"Afghanistan: Life barely worth living: UN - Afghanistan | ReliefWeb" 5362: 4904:

Mazar-i-Sharif was important as the home of the sacred Muslim site of the

4393:. The JIATF-CT (also known as Task Force Bowie), led by Brigadier General 4032:

across Afghanistan, who had convened to decide bin Laden's fate, issued a

10572: 10503: 9994: 6586: 5906:

while talking about Afghan reconstruction, resulting in discussion of a '

5507:. The initial CIA Jawbreaker team entered Afghanistan by helicopter from 5430: 4988: 4929: 4879: 4834: 4815: 4807: 4803: 4549: 4542: 4255: 3964:

statement denying bin Laden's involvement. Although bin Laden eventually

3891: 3876: 3822:, however, masterminded by al-Qaeda, provoked President Clinton to order 3799: 3709: 3588: 3572: 542: 456: 451: 420: 323: 238: 86: 10058: 10026: 9939: 9907: 5283:

for Umar or any Taliban leaders. On 7 December, Sherzai's forces seized

4617:

week of the campaign most of the preplanned targets had been destroyed.

4166:

Number of regional Afghan refugees by destination, as of September 2001

10578:

State of War: The Secret History of the CIA and the Bush Administration

10271: 10245: 9863: 5950: 5822: 5504: 5414: 5386: 5352: 5263: 5243: 4916:, were immediately deployed to begin reconstruction in Mazar-i-Sharif. 4641: 4637: 4605: 4557: 4482: 4466: 4239: 4227: 4110: 3895: 3802:

planned several operations to kill or capture bin Laden, but President

3734: 3621:

to support the regime. The Soviet entry into Afghanistan prompted its

3541: 396: 5845:

in March 2002, which resulted in 8 US soldiers killed and 80 wounded.

4999:

Objective Wolverine, Objective Raptor, and Operation Relentless Strike

3605:

In 2001, Afghanistan had been at war for over 20 years. The communist

3480:, which had been locked in a losing fight with the Taliban during the 7051:

The Good War: Why We Couldn't Win the War Or the Peace in Afghanistan

7024:

The Good War: Why We Couldn't Win the War Or the Peace in Afghanistan

6016: 5520: 4992: 4875: 4758:... we would have some kind of morale-breaking effect on the enemy." 4726: 4420: 3872: 3791: 415: 225: 9821:"Afghanistan's military collapse: Illicit deals and mass desertions" 3841: 12234: 10182:

The Longest War: The Enduring Conflict between America and Al-Qaeda

9578: 7383: 5911: 5663: 5590: 5512: 5508: 5418: 5405:, bin Laden left Tora Bora on the night of 12 December and went to 5071: 4959:

On 12 November, the US tracked and killed al-Qaeda's number three,

4702: 4250: 4179: 3997: 3903: 3717: 3702: 3656: 3622: 3537: 3533: 3461: 641: 561: 549: 318: 10713:

Wright, Donald P.; Bird, James; Clay, Steven; et al. (2010).

10396:. Washington, D.C.: History Division, United States Marine Corps. 4415:

5th Special Forces Group (United States) § War in Afghanistan

3765:. In addition to Massoud's Tajik force, the United Front included 714: 8813: 8506: 8494: 5464:

List of civilian casualties in the war in Afghanistan (2001–2006)

5394: 5280: 4976: 4941: 4925:

to Bagram, albeit on short notice. Arriving on the first flight,

4147: 3989: 3912: 3907: 3899: 3774: 3713: 696: 620: 537: 439: 283: 212: 9484: 9482: 8986: 8976: 8974: 8937: 8935: 8922: 8920: 8856: 8854: 8852: 8484: 8482: 8375: 5598: 5157:

the operation was the largest British SAS operation in history.

5086: 4775:

On 21 October, the Alpha element of ODA 595 guided in the first

4582:

armed Predators in Afghanistan marked the start of a new era of

3846:

On 9 September 2001, two al-Qaeda members posing as journalists

3786:

After nearly five years of shelter, bin Laden was expelled from

3456:

and subsequently led a multinational military operation against

9908:"The Rise of Afghanistan's Insurgency: State Failure and Jihad" 9251: 9249: 8697: 8687: 8685: 7840: 7838: 7747: 7745: 7743: 7715: 7713: 7700: 7698: 7696: 7585: 7391: 5014: 4964: 4882:, who had tracked Osama bin Laden in Kartoum during the 1980s. 4863: 4798: 4067: 3766: 3648: 506: 403: 186: 10227:

Danger Close: Tactical Air Controllers in Afghanistan and Iraq

7203: 7097: 7095: 6814: 6812: 6502: 9542: 9479: 9415: 8971: 8932: 8917: 8849: 8535: 8479: 8004: 8002: 7669: 7525: 6237: 6235: 5180: 4215: 4034: 4029: 4025: 3924: 3880: 3787: 3751: 3485: 427: 199: 9607: 9605: 9246: 9210: 9198: 9186: 8682: 8297: 8239: 8237: 8183: 8144: 8132: 7922: 7835: 7740: 7710: 7693: 7549: 6125: 6123: 4473:

officers to Afghanistan, utilizing people involved with the

4095: 3809: 3723: 10722:. Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press. 9333: 9114: 9112: 9099: 9097: 8881: 8871: 8869: 8791: 8789: 8469: 8467: 8465: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8161: 8159: 8065: 7960: 7958: 7956: 7954: 7952: 7784: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7462: 7460: 7263: 7251: 7239: 7191: 7119: 7092: 6824: 6809: 6749: 6361: 6274: 5532: 4197: 4075: 3920: 463: 251: 10698:. Internet Archive. New York : Simon & Schuster. 9554: 9297: 9010: 8905: 8893: 8750: 8738: 8450: 8438: 8426: 8399: 8324: 8249: 8026: 8014: 7999: 7910: 7850: 7362: 6990: 6968: 6966: 6964: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6870: 6868: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6405: 6403: 6388: 6378: 6376: 6349: 6291: 6289: 6232: 5136:

parachute jump. The patrol landed at a desert location in

4007:

Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists

3863:

front extended from the Tajikistan border in the north to

3613:

in 1978, and its policies sparked a popular uprising. The

9750:"Condemning Attacks, Taliban Says bin Laden Not Involved" 9665: 9653: 9641: 9602: 9530: 9022: 8825: 8716: 8714: 8712: 8658: 8622: 8586: 8525: 8523: 8521: 8416: 8414: 8341: 8339: 8314: 8312: 8287: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8234: 8224: 8222: 8043: 8041: 7989: 7987: 7985: 7939: 7937: 7898: 7801: 7799: 7730: 7728: 7573: 7537: 7445: 7423: 7421: 7408: 7406: 7326: 7167: 7155: 7002: 6682: 6526: 6252: 6250: 6222: 6220: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6167: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6138: 6120: 5322:

desert just west of Sheberghan, in the Jowzjan Province.

4470: 3639:

held sway in much of the countryside. The most important

3540:

or otherwise retreated to remote regions deep within the

3464:, which had executed the attacks under the leadership of 10512:. Internet Archive. New York : St. Martin's Press. 9590: 9494: 9437: 9273: 9222: 9136: 9124: 9109: 9094: 8866: 8786: 8774: 8762: 8726: 8576: 8574: 8547: 8462: 8261: 8156: 7970: 7949: 7775: 7513: 7496: 7472: 7457: 6915: 6913: 6538: 5330:

Battle of Tora Bora: Osama bin Laden escapes to Pakistan

4141: 9321: 9309: 8171: 8077: 8053: 7681: 7287: 7275: 7227: 7080: 7068: 6961: 6865: 6836: 6797: 6727: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6610: 6598: 6574: 6562: 6480: 6478: 6463: 6451: 6439: 6415: 6400: 6373: 6337: 6325: 6313: 6301: 6286: 5856:

US Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld with troops at

4810:. Held in Kabul, the prisoners included two Americans, 3532:, several fighters including bin Laden, the founder of 10730:

The Looming Tower : Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11

10137:

NATO in Afghanistan: Fighting Together, Fighting Alone

9357: 9345: 9174: 9082: 9070: 9058: 9046: 9034: 8998: 8959: 8947: 8837: 8709: 8670: 8610: 8598: 8518: 8411: 8387: 8363: 8351: 8336: 8309: 8278: 8219: 8195: 8089: 8038: 7982: 7934: 7886: 7874: 7862: 7823: 7811: 7796: 7725: 7657: 7645: 7621: 7609: 7597: 7561: 7433: 7418: 7403: 7304: 7302: 7179: 7131: 6925: 6247: 6217: 6207: 6205: 6177: 6154: 6135: 6020:. 1 May 2009. Archived from the original on 1 May 2009 6012:"Inside rebel Pakistan cleric's domain - USATODAY.com" 5209: 4721:

element supporting the mission were killed when their

4666: 9798:"Civilian Death and Injury in Afghanistan, 2001–2011" 9685:"2012 UNHCR country operations profile - Afghanistan" 9617: 9261: 9234: 8646: 8571: 7757: 7143: 7107: 7048:

Fairweather, Jack (2014). "Chapter 3: Good Taliban".

7021:

Fairweather, Jack (2014). "Chapter 3: Good Taliban".

6949: 6937: 6910: 6898: 6773: 6706: 6694: 6670: 6262: 5441:

In late November 2001, the United Nations hosted the

5171:

On 25 November, as Taliban prisoners were moved into

4983:

In the midst of the retreat, Delta Force conducted a

3818:, the US had no clear policy toward Afghanistan. The 10390:

U.S. Marines in Afghanistan, 2001-2002: From the Sea

10076:"The impact of September 11 on US-Russian relations" 9566: 9518: 9506: 9156:"How US-Funded Abuses Led to Failure in Afghanistan" 8634: 8207: 7215: 6978: 6785: 6761: 6718: 6622: 6475: 5949:

The Hazaras are a minority ethnic group adhering to

5436: 4365:

was supported by a Ranger force protection team, an

3971: 3667:. The war also attracted Arab volunteers, known as " 10733:. Internet Archive. New York : Vintage Books. 10671:

The Afghanistan Papers: A Secret History of the War

10324:

Unwinnable: Britain's War in Afghanistan, 2001–2014

9629: 9381: 9285: 7633: 7484: 7299: 6886: 6658: 6550: 6514: 6490: 6202: 5271:classified reconnaissance mission arrived in their 4432:, commander of the Northern Alliance forces in the 3499:After the September 11 attacks, American president 12413:21st-century military history of the United States 10778: 10249: 10134:Auerswald, David P.; Saideman, Stephen M. (2014). 9401:"New York City protest opposes war in Afghanistan" 8801: 8559: 6853: 6737: 6427: 4725:helicopter crashed at a temporary staging site in 4016:In the days and weeks immediately following 9/11, 3886:The Taliban's military commander in the north was 3691:withdrawal of the Soviet military from Afghanistan 856: 12159:Recognition of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 10304:MI6: Life and Death in the British Secret Service 10133: 9868:"Afghanistan: The Anatomy of an Ongoing Conflict" 9584: 6646: 6634: 5992:. Institute for the Study of War. 27 January 2011 5953:who live in the mountains of central Afghanistan. 5898:forces beyond Kabul. President Bush spoke at the 5570: 5543:bombers flew into Afghanistan from the island of 3842:Military situation on the eve of the 9/11 attacks 3577:an insurgency against the American-led war effort 3488:, effectively confining the Northern Alliance to 12399: 9999:"U.S. Inaction Seen After Taliban P.O.W.'s Died" 9369: 7363:Margaret Emery, Hiram Ruiz (24 September 2001). 6038:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5577:Opposition to the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 4797:On 25 October, ODA 585 infiltrated an area near 4709:(FARP) was established using fuel bladders from 4436:, and prepared the way for introduction of Army 4373:was integrated directly into Sword's structure. 4126:changed the name to Operation Enduring Freedom. 3966:took responsibility for the 9/11 attacks in 2004 3585:captured Kabul and toppled the Afghan government 3571:. Simultaneously, the Taliban's founding leader 4786:On 23 October, the anti-Taliban Pashtun leader 4523:A Tomahawk cruise missile is launched from the 3832:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1267 4833:'s forces; ODA 534 was also inserted into the 4628:teams from the 5th Special Forces Group, plus 3959:On the morning of 11 September 2001, al-Qaeda 10764: 10712: 10158:Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History 9713:. Costs of War. November 2012. Archived from 9488: 9255: 9216: 9204: 9192: 8980: 8941: 8926: 8860: 8819: 8703: 8691: 8541: 8512: 8500: 8488: 8303: 8189: 8138: 7928: 7844: 7751: 7719: 7704: 7591: 7397: 7269: 7245: 7197: 7125: 7101: 6830: 6818: 6508: 6367: 5987:"Uzbek Militancy in Pakistan's Tribal Region" 5841:. Coalition forces cleared the valley during 5759: 5087:Siege of Kunduz and alleged Pakistani airlift 3932:missiles donated by the United States to the 2259: 1894: 1605: 1398: 1147: 1133: 1014: 842: 811:Islamic State–Taliban conflict (2015–present) 730: 701:8,000–12,000 killed or 15,000 killed/captured 10557:. Internet Archive. New York : Viking. 5813:Reactions to the Afghanistan War (2001–2021) 5457: 4622:Operational Detachment Alpha (ODA) teams 555 3587:, re-establishing their rule in the form of 77:(2 months, 1 week and 3 days) 7047: 7020: 5242:march to a security position after seizing 4644:mountains in zero-visibility conditions by 4265: 12428:United States involvement in regime change 12197:Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission 10771: 10757: 10643: 10457:The American War in Afghanistan: A History 10125:. AEI Public Opinion Study. Archived from 9303: 5878:was linked to grievances over governance. 5833:On 20 December 2001, the UN authorized an 5806: 5766: 5752: 4693:hunting camp. Before the Rangers dropped, 4487:160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment 4329:160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment 4292:with Northern Alliance troops on horseback 3948: 3824:missile strikes on militant training camps 2266: 2252: 1901: 1887: 1612: 1598: 1405: 1391: 1140: 1126: 1021: 1007: 849: 835: 737: 723: 104:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001) 57: 10450: 10341: 10093: 9885: 9548: 9536: 9500: 9228: 9118: 9103: 8875: 8795: 8780: 8768: 8732: 8473: 8357: 8272: 8165: 7964: 7507: 7074: 6996: 6972: 6880: 6847: 6568: 6469: 6394: 6382: 6355: 6343: 6331: 6241: 6196: 6171: 6148: 6129: 5160: 4885: 4745:(which was serving as a SOF base) in the 3810:Change in U.S. policy towards Afghanistan 3724:Taliban vs. Northern Alliance (1996–2001) 110:Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan 10688: 10664: 10478: 10154: 9792: 9443: 9279: 9142: 9130: 7976: 7687: 7555: 7531: 7519: 7478: 7466: 7293: 7281: 7257: 7209: 7185: 7173: 7161: 7137: 7086: 6943: 6931: 6445: 6421: 6409: 6319: 6307: 6295: 6280: 6268: 6256: 6226: 6082: 5880: 5851: 5351: 5339: 5233: 5038: 4895: 4840: 4761: 4659:In mid-October, A and G squadron of the 4632:, were airlifted by helicopter from the 4564:surface-to-air missiles, small fleet of 4533: 4518: 4295: 4280: 4094: 4011: 3975: 3733: 3677: 3663:(ISI) to funnel foreign support for the 3607:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan 11717:Mazar-i-Sharif German consulate bombing 10824:International Security Assistance Force 10619: 10595: 10526: 10320: 9973: 9954: 9764: 9744: 9459:. CNN. 14 November 2001. Archived from 9339: 9327: 9315: 9180: 9028: 8992: 8831: 8720: 8676: 8664: 8652: 8640: 8628: 8616: 8604: 8592: 8529: 8291: 8243: 8228: 8213: 8177: 8150: 8107: 8095: 8083: 8071: 8059: 8047: 7943: 7916: 7904: 7892: 7734: 7603: 7579: 7543: 7451: 7439: 7427: 7412: 7308: 7113: 6892: 6779: 6755: 6712: 6700: 5835:International Security Assistance Force 5344:US Army Special Forces headquarters in 4335:. The task force principally conducted 3553:International Security Assistance Force 1619: 14: 12400: 10726: 10547: 10502: 10386: 10298: 10199: 10175: 10024: 9979:"The Afghanistan War and Self-Defense" 9862: 9818: 9777: 9363: 9351: 9291: 9267: 9240: 9088: 9076: 9064: 9052: 9040: 9016: 9004: 8965: 8953: 8911: 8899: 8887: 8843: 8756: 8744: 8580: 8553: 8456: 8444: 8432: 8420: 8405: 8393: 8381: 8369: 8345: 8330: 8318: 8255: 8032: 8020: 8008: 7993: 7880: 7868: 7856: 7829: 7817: 7805: 7790: 7778:Weapon of Choice: ARSOF in Afghanistan 7763: 7567: 7233: 7221: 7008: 6955: 6919: 6904: 6803: 6791: 6767: 6731: 6688: 6628: 6580: 6556: 6544: 6532: 6484: 5893:in the Jaji Mountains, 12 January 2002 4508: 4319:) and Task Force Sword (later renamed 4058:Meanwhile, Umar authorized his deputy 806:Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes 12408:United States invasion of Afghanistan 11672:Kabul Canadian Embassy convoy bombing 11448:Forward Operating Base Delhi massacre 10752: 10571: 10431: 10410: 10362: 10073: 9993: 9957:"Afghanistan: From here to eternity?" 9902: 9846: 9671: 9659: 9647: 9635: 9623: 9611: 9572: 9560: 9524: 9512: 9457:"Kabul residents relish new freedoms" 8807: 8565: 8120:from the original on 26 November 2020 7379:"Millions of Afghans About to Starve" 6984: 6640: 6595:, pp. 372–379, 391–396, 495–505. 5931:List of invasions in the 21st century 5028: 4845:US Special Forces soldiers alongside 4142:Humanitarian situation in Afghanistan 2247: 1882: 1593: 1412: 1386: 1121: 1002: 830: 718: 632:10,000 Pakistani volunteers (claimed) 349:Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi 44:United States invasion of Afghanistan 27:2001 multinational military operation 12362: 11667:Kunduz-Takhar highway hostage crisis 10270: 10244: 10223: 10206:The Rise and Fall of Osama Bin Laden 10099:"Inside Tora Bora: The Final Hours?" 9765:Bearak, Barry (13 September 2001b). 9687:. UNHCR. 4 June 2012. Archived from 9596: 8201: 7675: 7663: 7651: 7639: 7627: 7615: 7490: 7149: 6859: 6743: 6676: 6664: 6652: 6616: 6604: 6592: 6520: 6496: 6457: 6433: 6211: 6095:from the original on 20 October 2012 5547:, and B-2 bombers flew nonstop from 5511:, Uzbekistan, stopping to refuel in 4614:command, control, and communications 4276: 3961:carried out four coordinated attacks 816:Republican insurgency in Afghanistan 12202:UK Afghan Unlawful Killings inquiry 10530:Special Forces in the War on Terror 10120: 9819:George, Susannah (15 August 2021). 9425:. London: Guardian. 13 October 2001 9387: 9375: 8101: 5902:on 17 April 2002, invoking General 5210:Consolidation: the fall of Kandahar 4767:reconnaissance. Dostum and General 4707:forward arming and refuelling point 4667:Operation Rhino and Objective Gecko 3984:on 20 September 2001, US President 3513:1998 United States embassy bombings 3460:. The stated goal was to dismantle 2273: 744: 709:1,537–2,375 Afghan civilians killed 24: 12423:Causes and prelude of the Iraq War 11936:2 & 5 September Kabul bombings 11506:Jalalabad Indian consulate bombing 10230:. Texas A&M University Press. 10074:Stent, Angela (8 September 2021). 5246:from the Taliban, 25 November 2001 5114: 4914:4th Psychological Operations Group 4076:North Atlantic Treaty Organization 4020:repeatedly denied having any role. 1908: 25: 12439: 12230:Bagram torture and prisoner abuse 10605:. Random House Publishing Group. 8108:Szoldra, Paul (5 February 2020). 6054:"Top Pakistani militant released" 5437:Inter-Afghan political settlement 4327:with helicopter support from the 3972:Diplomatic and political activity 3682:Soviet troops in 1986 during the 75:7 October 2001 – 17 December 2001 12381: 12371: 12361: 12352: 12351: 11081:Pakistan Embassy in Kabul attack 9983:Valparaiso University Law Review 9703: 9677: 9449: 9148: 7769: 6064:from the original on 22 May 2009 5956: 5597: 5495:NATO logistics in the Afghan War 5258:helicopters and C-130s set up a 4948: 4359:Joint Special Operations Command 4232: 4220: 4208: 4190: 4172: 4116:Joint Special Operations Command 3982:joint session of the US Congress 3894:. According to military analyst 695: 677: 663: 640: 619: 603: 593: 560: 548: 536: 513: 496: 479: 462: 450: 438: 426: 414: 402: 390: 378: 353: 342: 331: 312: 289: 277: 264: 244: 231: 218: 205: 192: 179: 166: 153: 138: 18:American invasion of Afghanistan 10345:The Taliban at War: 2001 - 2018 10123:"America and the War on Terror" 9732: 7371: 7356: 7342: 7322:"Afghan refugee crisis spreads" 7314: 7041: 7014: 6083:Whitlock, Craig (8 June 2006). 5943: 4975:. Local Pashtun commanders and 4290:US Air Force Combat Controllers 3916:students, some as young as 14. 3806:never ordered them to proceed. 3557:Afghan National Security Forces 3549:United Nations Security Council 3509:Federal Bureau of Investigation 98:American-led coalition victory 12169:Islamic State–Taliban conflict 10780:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 10434:The Afghanistan Wars (3rd ed.) 10161:. Princeton University Press. 10140:. Princeton University Press. 9788:. Strategic Studies Institute. 9423:"20,000 join anti-war protest" 7365:"Afghanistan's Refugee Crisis" 6107: 6076: 6046: 6004: 5979: 5797:United States invasion of Iraq 5736:Colin Powell's UN presentation 5571:Legality and international law 5240:15th Marine Expeditionary Unit 4459:built by the British in 1919. 4391:15th Marine Expeditionary Unit 3826:in Afghanistan; bin Laden was 3814:During the early years of the 3769:under the former PDPA general 3744:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 3697:leaders vied for dominance in 3583:. In August 2021, the Taliban 3581:a nationwide Taliban offensive 3507:and was already wanted by the 860:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 801:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 338:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan 271:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan 116:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 13: 1: 11554:Atiqullah Raufi assassination 11529:Herat Indian consulate attack 10488:. Internet Archive. Penguin. 9585:Auerswald & Saideman 2014 5973: 5828:protests against the invasion 5780:Charter of the United Nations 5651: 4598:101st Combat Aviation Brigade 4404: 4385:. The US Marines contributed 4367:Intelligence Support Activity 3699:a civil war from 1992 to 1996 3647:, who led the well-organized 3594: 3569:Afghan Interim Administration 3101:Jalalabad (Save the Children) 12308:International public opinion 11629:Kabul Spanish Embassy attack 11249:Kabul Indian embassy bombing 11186:Kabul Indian embassy bombing 5712:U.S. invasion of Afghanistan 5488: 4777:Joint Direct Attack Munition 4630:Air Force Combat Controllers 4608:submarines launched several 3928:Alliance, and they also had 3730:Afghan Civil War (1996–2001) 2103:2018 Inter-Continental Hotel 1978:2011 Inter-Continental Hotel 1028: 796:Afghan Civil War (1996–2001) 791:Afghan Civil War (1992–1996) 786:Afghan Civil War (1989–1992) 7: 12207:Australian Brereton Inquiry 11873:September Jalalabad bombing 11501:Herat U.S. consulate attack 11458:September Camp Bastion raid 11153:South Korean hostage crisis 10650:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 10581:. Simon & Schuster UK. 10369:In the Graveyard of Empires 10348:. Oxford University Press. 10342:Giustozzi, Antonio (2019). 10256:. New York: Penguin Press. 9738: 5924: 5900:Virginia Military Institute 5891:sensitive site exploitation 5801:Israeli invasion of Lebanon 5682:Iraqi no-fly zones conflict 5554: 5551:, Missouri to Afghanistan. 5324:Physicians for Human Rights 4829:and linked up with General 4469:approved the deployment of 4357:. Task Force Sword was the 4341:sensitive site exploitation 4090: 3781: 3653:Central Intelligence Agency 3521:a large multinational force 781:Soviet–Afghan War (1979–89) 776:Bala Hissar uprising (1979) 360:Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad 10: 12444: 11956:Haska Meyna mosque bombing 11496:Presidential palace attack 11031:Battle of Sayyd Alma Kalay 10838:Withdrawal of U.S. troops 6115:The Osama bin Laden I Know 5810: 5574: 5492: 5461: 5333: 5213: 5164: 5118: 5090: 5032: 4985:high-altitude, low-opening 4952: 4889: 4772:that far into the valley. 4670: 4541:helicopters take off from 4512: 4451:(CSAR), and could provide 4408: 4269: 3952: 3727: 3661:Inter-Service Intelligence 3655:(CIA) worked closely with 3598: 3517:Operation Enduring Freedom 3406:United States–Taliban deal 2812:Kabul & Mazar-e-Sharif 1850:Jalalabad (September 2018) 29: 12347: 12331: 12303:Afghan War documents leak 12293: 12283:2021–2022 Afghan protests 12245: 12217:Kunduz hospital airstrike 12212:War crimes by the Taliban 12182: 12149: 12046: 11969: 11951:Jalalabad suicide bombing 11901:2019 Kabul mosque bombing 11881: 11808: 11800:28 December Kabul bombing 11730: 11642: 11562: 11514: 11476: 11413: 11345: 11277: 11219: 11196:Kidnapping of David Rohde 11161: 11113: 11044: 10971: 10964: 10867: 10834:Drone strikes in Pakistan 10786: 10727:Wright, Lawrence (2007). 10644:Williamson, Myra (2013). 10155:Barfield, Thomas (2012). 10043:10.1080/17419160903181676 8384:, pp. 121, 124, 127. 5867:National Security Council 5718:Alleged Prague connection 5468:War crimes in Afghanistan 5458:Casualties and war crimes 5177:a revolt by 600 prisoners 4661:British 22nd SAS Regiment 4604:cruisers, destroyers and 4462:On 28 September, British 4399:Advanced Force Operations 4165: 3617:, sensing PDPA weakness, 3567:was selected to lead the 3536:escaped into neighboring 3458:Taliban-ruled Afghanistan 2285: 1918: 1627: 1424: 1159: 1151:Helmand Province campaign 1038: 868: 771:Chindawol uprising (1979) 756: 708: 653: 583: 368: 127: 67: 56: 48: 43: 11624:Kandahar Airport bombing 10854:Resolute Support Mission 10372:. Norton & Company. 10114: 9924:10.1162/isec.2008.32.4.7 8995:, pp. 48–49, 69–70. 7678:, pp. 528, 531–533. 6085:"Al-Zarqawi's Biography" 5936: 5658:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait 5451:Afghan Interim Authority 5356:Air strikes on Tora Bora 5250:Meanwhile, nearly 1,000 5043:US Army Special Forces ( 4634:Karshi-Khanabad Air Base 4610:Tomahawk cruise missiles 4491:Karshi-Khanabad Air Base 4449:combat search and rescue 4333:3rd Special Forces Group 4325:5th Special Forces Group 4266:Overthrow of the Taliban 3820:1998 US embassy bombings 3589:a second Islamic emirate 1840:Jalalabad (January 2018) 1763:2010 Badakhshan massacre 673:and 4 non-combat deaths) 32:Invasions of Afghanistan 12278:People's Peace Movement 12115:Operation Allies Refuge 12031:Kabul University attack 11931:17 August Kabul bombing 11848:30 April Kabul bombings 11828:Kabul ambulance bombing 11780:June Lashkargar bombing 11712:Battle of Boz Qandahari 11697:September Kabul attacks 11602:22 August Kabul bombing 11597:10 August Kabul bombing 11587:April Jalalabad bombing 11577:Kabul Parliament attack 11549:December Kabul bombings 11400:Pakistani border attack 10527:Neville, Leigh (2015). 10462:Oxford University Press 10436:. Bloomsbury Academic. 10387:Lowrey, Nathan (2011). 10025:Sanger, Andrew (2009). 9887:10.55540/0031-1723.2024 5807:Reactions and aftermath 5688:Iraq disarmament crisis 5559:According to historian 5549:Whiteman Air Force Base 4934:Director Special Forces 4656:, to work with Dostum. 4515:Operation Crescent Wind 4442:Operation Crescent Wind 4136:relations with Pakistan 4100:US Secretary of Defense 3949:Prelude to the invasion 3942:captured Mazar-i-Sharif 3790:in 1996 and arrived in 3625:rivals, especially the 3386:U.S. urination incident 2646:Major insurgent attacks 1354:January 2017 Lashkargah 12268:Enlightenment Movement 12135:August 29 drone strike 11979:6 March Kabul shooting 11926:7 August Kabul bombing 11858:July Jalalabad bombing 11843:22 April Kabul bombing 11838:Kunduz madrassa attack 11818:I-C Hotel Kabul attack 11592:7 August Kabul attacks 11438:Quran burning protests 11375:I-C Hotel Kabul attack 11026:Battle of Shawali Kowt 11021:Dasht-i-Leili massacre 11016:Battle of Qala-i-Jangi 10986:Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif 10674:. Simon and Schuster. 10321:Farrell, Theo (2017). 10209:. Simon and Schuster. 10031:Democracy and Security 9955:Maloney, Sean (2004). 9912:International Security 9748:(12 September 2001a). 7212:, pp. 97–98, 101. 5894: 5861: 5670:Sanctions against Iraq 5618:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 5565:2021 Taliban offensive 5357: 5349: 5316:Dasht-i-Leili massacre 5260:Forward Operating Base 5247: 5167:Battle of Qala-i-Jangi 5161:Battle of Qala-i-Jangi 5055: 4901: 4892:Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif 4886:Fall of Mazar-i-Sharif 4854: 4553: 4531: 4453:bomb damage assessment 4354:Kommando Spezialkräfte 4337:special reconnaissance 4301: 4293: 4286:US Army Special Forces 4105: 4060:Akhtar Mohammad Osmani 4021: 4001: 3816:Clinton administration 3739: 3686: 3547:In December 2001, the 3391:Quran burning protests 3168:Kabul Defense Ministry 3017:Kabul Defense Ministry 2997:Kabul Canadian embassy 2888:Herat Indian consulate 2503:2021 Taliban offensive 2423:Firebase Anaconda 2158:2 and 5 September 2019 995:Battles and operations 761:Saur Revolution (1978) 369:Commanders and leaders 12164:Republican insurgency 12125:Operation Devi Shakti 12098:Kunduz mosque bombing 11984:Kabul gurdwara attack 11941:17 September bombings 11916:28 July Kabul bombing 11360:Sarposa prison escape 11297:February Kabul attack 11171:Haska Meyna airstrike 10533:. Osprey Publishing. 10432:Maley, Maley (2020). 5966:was also on the team. 5884: 5855: 5730:Wood Green ricin plot 5355: 5343: 5256:CH-53E Super Stallion 5237: 5042: 4899: 4870:and picked up on the 4844: 4762:Continued air strikes 4729:, Pakistan, due to a 4624:and 595, both 12-man 4537: 4522: 4299: 4284: 4270:Further information: 4098: 4015: 3996:and destroy bases of 3979: 3746:. They imposed their 3737: 3681: 3651:forces. The American 3401:U.S.–Afghan agreement 2992:Kunduz-Takhar highway 2965:Kabul Spanish embassy 1845:Jalalabad (July 2018) 1780:Barawala Kalay Valley 1708:South Korean hostages 1429:2001 Kandahar bombing 766:Herat uprising (1979) 654:Casualties and losses 108:Establishment of the 12323:To the fall of Kabul 12259:Afghan peace groups 12255:Afghan peace process 12174:Afghan frozen assets 12130:Kabul airport attack 12081:Battle of Lashkargah 12066:Kabul school bombing 11896:Camp Shorabak attack 11823:STC Jalalabad attack 11607:Ghazni prison escape 11524:Kabul S Hotel attack 11287:January Kabul attack 11244:February Kabul raids 11191:Kabul S Hotel attack 11181:Wech Bagtu airstrike 11133:Nangar Khel incident 10224:Call, Steve (2010). 10121:AEI (24 July 2008). 10097:(16 December 2001). 9805:Costs of War Project 9760:on 18 November 2013. 9563:, pp. 100, 148. 8890:, pp. 144, 179. 8153:, pp. 128, 235. 7793:, pp. 103, 112. 7534:, pp. 155, 249. 6758:, pp. 121, 138. 5706:U.S. anthrax attacks 5700:September 11 attacks 5474:Costs of War Project 5193:Johnny Micheal Spann 4955:Fall of Kabul (2001) 4697:stealth bombers and 4683:75th Ranger Regiment 4389:, consisting of the 4371:Special Boat Service 4051:agreed and sent the 3955:September 11 attacks 3871:were in the central 3511:for his role in the 3446:September 11 attacks 3203:Charikar & Kabul 3007:Kabul Hazara protest 2738:Kabul Indian embassy 2706:Kabul Indian embassy 2569:Haska Meyna/Deh Bala 2230:Fall of Kabul (2021) 1698:Jaji border incident 1364:June 2017 Lashkargah 12418:Al-Qaeda activities 12273:Uprising for Change 11906:1 July Kabul attack 11833:March Kabul bombing 11785:August Herat attack 11775:Battle of Bora Bora 11760:Camp Shaheen attack 11755:Nangarhar airstrike 11652:Nangarhar offensive 11491:June Kabul bombings 11332:Badakhshan massacre 11264:Camp Chapman attack 11211:Spin Boldak bombing 11128:Hyderabad airstrike 11036:Battle of Tora Bora 10981:Bombing of Kandahar 10109:on 3 February 2002. 9969:on 15 January 2009. 9850:(28 January 2002). 9674:, pp. 124–129. 9662:, pp. 132–133. 9650:, pp. 116–117. 9614:, pp. 114–115. 9599:, pp. 134–135. 9551:, pp. 109–110. 9342:, pp. 545–546. 9019:, pp. 175–177. 8914:, pp. 174–175. 8902:, pp. 173–174. 8822:, pp. 114–115. 8759:, pp. 120–121. 8747:, pp. 112–116. 8515:, pp. 104–105. 8503:, pp. 101–104. 8459:, pp. 135–136. 8447:, pp. 132–134. 8435:, pp. 131–132. 8408:, pp. 128–131. 8333:, pp. 145–149. 8258:, pp. 169–170. 8074:, pp. 222–224. 8035:, pp. 142–145. 8023:, pp. 142–143. 8011:, pp. 141–142. 7859:, pp. 116–117. 7558:, pp. 190–191. 7330:. 20 September 2001 7260:, pp. 134–135. 7011:, pp. 163–164. 6691:, pp. 400–401. 6619:, pp. 409–411. 6607:, pp. 263–264. 6535:, pp. 150–153. 6460:, pp. 344–345. 6283:, pp. 170–171. 6089:The Washington Post 5817:2002 in Afghanistan 5694:Arms-to-Iraq affair 5336:Battle of Tora Bora 5222:fought for two days 5189:crew-served weapons 5127:Special Air Service 5111:evacuate anybody." 4872:Afghan–Tajik border 4594:helicopter gunships 4539:AH-1W "Super Cobra" 4509:Initial air strikes 4345:Special Air Service 4272:2001 in Afghanistan 4024:On the same day, a 3980:In an address to a 3771:Abdul Rashid Dostum 3530:Battle of Tora Bora 3490:Badakhshan Province 3074:Gardez & Ghazni 2743:Kabul UN guesthouse 2093:October 2017 mosque 2068:American University 1953:2009 Indian embassy 1933:2008 Indian embassy 1621:Eastern Afghanistan 1312:Strike of the Sword 669:13 killed (incl. 1 503:Abdul Rashid Dostum 486:Burhanuddin Rabbani 12110:2021 Kabul airlift 12071:Battle of Kandahar 11921:July Farah bombing 11891:Maidan Shar attack 11795:20 October attacks 11790:17 October attacks 11770:June Herat bombing 11750:March Kabul attack 11702:Battle of Tarinkot 11687:Janikhel offensive 11682:July Kabul bombing 11662:April Kabul attack 11617:Hospital airstrike 11572:Park Palace attack 11355:Mano Gai airstrike 11337:Operation Halmazag 11176:Azizabad airstrike 11138:Helmand airstrikes 11006:Battle of Tarinkot 10956:Aviation incidents 10829:Taliban insurgency 10003:The New York Times 9796:(September 2011). 9771:The New York Times 9754:The New York Times 9489:Wright et al. 2010 9463:on 23 January 2015 9256:Wright et al. 2010 9217:Wright et al. 2010 9205:Wright et al. 2010 9193:Wright et al. 2010 9160:Human Rights Watch 8981:Wright et al. 2010 8942:Wright et al. 2010 8927:Wright et al. 2010 8861:Wright et al. 2010 8820:Wright et al. 2010 8704:Wright et al. 2010 8692:Wright et al. 2010 8542:Wright et al. 2010 8513:Wright et al. 2010 8501:Wright et al. 2010 8489:Wright et al. 2010 8304:Wright et al. 2010 8190:Wright et al. 2010 8139:Wright et al. 2010 7929:Wright et al. 2010 7919:, pp. 52, 56. 7845:Wright et al. 2010 7752:Wright et al. 2010 7720:Wright et al. 2010 7705:Wright et al. 2010 7592:Wright et al. 2010 7398:Wright et al. 2010 7352:. 12 October 2001. 7270:Wright et al. 2010 7246:Wright et al. 2010 7198:Wright et al. 2010 7126:Wright et al. 2010 7102:Wright et al. 2010 6831:Wright et al. 2010 6819:Wright et al. 2010 6547:, pp. 76, 79. 6509:Wright et al. 2010 6368:Wright et al. 2010 5895: 5876:Taliban insurgency 5862: 5843:Operation Anaconda 5636:Ba'ath Party Purge 5630:Iranian Revolution 5624:17 July Revolution 5612:14 July Revolution 5483:Human Rights Watch 5358: 5350: 5346:Nangarhar Province 5248: 5056: 5035:Battle of Tarinkot 5029:Battle of Tarinkot 5019:search and destroy 4902: 4855: 4741:took off from the 4739:MH-47E helicopters 4685:, parachuted onto 4554: 4552:on 13 October 2001 4532: 4349:Joint Task Force 2 4302: 4294: 4106: 4062:to negotiate with 4022: 4002: 3988:demanded that the 3740: 3687: 3645:Ahmad Shah Massoud 3619:intervened in 1979 3494:War in Afghanistan 3470:Islamist militants 3444:Shortly after the 3431:2021 Kabul airlift 3396:Insurgents' bodies 2834:FOB Salerno Attack 2594:Uruzgan helicopter 2352:Hospital airstrike 1566:Battle of Kandahar 51:War in Afghanistan 12395: 12394: 12263:Tabassum movement 12222:Kandahar massacre 12192:ICC investigation 12145: 12144: 12120:Operation Pitting 12086:Capture of Zaranj 12061:Taliban offensive 12016:September attacks 11765:May Kabul bombing 11544:Yahyakhel bombing 11453:Kandahar massacre 11390:Chinook shootdown 11327:May Kabul bombing 11103:Taliban offensive 10740:978-1-4000-3084-2 10705:978-0-7432-0473-6 10681:978-1-9821-5902-3 10657:978-1-4094-9656-4 10612:978-0-345-48459-8 10588:978-1-84737-511-7 10564:978-0-670-01970-0 10519:978-1-250-01454-2 10452:Malkasian, Carter 10424:978-1-136-66101-3 10403:978-0-16-089557-9 10355:978-0-19-009239-9 10263:978-1-59420-007-6 10216:978-1-9821-7052-3 10192:978-0-7432-7894-2 10168:978-0-691-15441-1 10147:978-1-4008-4867-6 9781:(November 2002). 9711:"Afghan Refugees" 9587:, pp. 87–88. 9031:, pp. 48–49. 8834:, pp. 45–46. 8706:, pp. 83–84. 8667:, pp. 72–74. 8631:, pp. 69–72. 8595:, pp. 70–71. 8556:, pp. 91–92. 8246:, pp. 81–82. 8204:, pp. 24–25. 8114:We Are The Mighty 7907:, pp. 53–54. 7666:, pp. 74–75. 7654:, pp. 72–74. 7630:, pp. 71–72. 7618:, pp. 70–71. 7594:, pp. 63–64. 7582:, pp. 68–69. 7546:, pp. 22–24. 7454:, pp. 30–31. 7400:, pp. 34–35. 7236:, pp. 90–91. 7176:, pp. 79–80. 7164:, pp. 74–75. 7152:, pp. 78–80. 7061:978-0-224-09736-9 7054:. Jonathan Cape. 7034:978-0-224-09736-9 7027:. Jonathan Cape. 6999:, pp. 55–56. 6806:, pp. 88–91. 6679:, pp. 583–4. 6583:, pp. 80–81. 6511:, pp. 71–72. 6397:, pp. 32–33. 6358:, pp. 30–31. 6244:, pp. 17–18. 6132:, pp. 63–64. 6113:Bergen, Peter. " 6060:. 21 April 2008. 5885:US Navy SEALs of 5839:Shah-i-Kot Valley 5776: 5775: 5531:off the coast of 5308:Sheberghan prison 5053:Kandahar province 5010:AH-6J Little Bird 4922:Abdullah Abdullah 4849:fighters west of 4847:Northern Alliance 4769:Atta Muhammad Nur 4503:search-and-rescue 4464:Foreign Secretary 4277:Command structure 4248: 4247: 3763:Northern Alliance 3684:Soviet–Afghan War 3563:that same month, 3505:Soviet–Afghan War 3478:Northern Alliance 3439: 3438: 2493:Kunar (2019–2020) 2385: 2384: 2243: 2242: 2163:17 September 2019 2013:2014 Serena Hotel 1928:2008 Serena Hotel 1878: 1877: 1589: 1588: 1571:Kandahar massacre 1416:Kandahar Province 1382: 1381: 1117: 1116: 824: 823: 713: 712: 433:Silvio Berlusconi 160:Northern Alliance 123: 122: 16:(Redirected from 12435: 12385: 12375: 12365: 12364: 12355: 12354: 12103:Kandahar bombing 12038:December attacks 12026:November attacks 12009:Jalalabad prison 11868:Ghazni offensive 11863:Battle of Darzab 11745:Sangin airstrike 11740:January bombings 11707:Battle of Kunduz 11677:30 June bombings 11612:Battle of Kunduz 11433:Kapisa airstrike 11307:Sangin airstrike 11269:Battle of Sabzak 11254:Kandahar bombing 11234:Kunduz airstrike 11229:Granai airstrike 11206:Kandahar bombing 11123:Shinwar shooting 11011:Fall of Kandahar 10969: 10968: 10773: 10766: 10759: 10750: 10749: 10744: 10723: 10721: 10709: 10685: 10661: 10640: 10616: 10592: 10568: 10544: 10523: 10499: 10475: 10447: 10428: 10407: 10395: 10383: 10359: 10338: 10317: 10295: 10267: 10255: 10241: 10220: 10201:Bergen, Peter L. 10196: 10177:Bergen, Peter L. 10172: 10151: 10130: 10129:on 4 April 2015. 10110: 10105:. Archived from 10090: 10088: 10086: 10070: 10021: 10019: 10017: 9997:(10 July 2009). 9990: 9970: 9965:. Archived from 9951: 9899: 9889: 9859: 9843: 9841: 9839: 9815: 9813: 9811: 9802: 9789: 9787: 9774: 9761: 9756:. Archived from 9727: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9717:on 10 March 2013 9707: 9701: 9700: 9698: 9696: 9681: 9675: 9669: 9663: 9657: 9651: 9645: 9639: 9633: 9627: 9621: 9615: 9609: 9600: 9594: 9588: 9582: 9576: 9570: 9564: 9558: 9552: 9546: 9540: 9534: 9528: 9522: 9516: 9510: 9504: 9498: 9492: 9486: 9477: 9476: 9470: 9468: 9453: 9447: 9441: 9435: 9434: 9432: 9430: 9419: 9413: 9412: 9410: 9408: 9397: 9391: 9385: 9379: 9373: 9367: 9361: 9355: 9349: 9343: 9337: 9331: 9325: 9319: 9313: 9307: 9301: 9295: 9289: 9283: 9277: 9271: 9265: 9259: 9253: 9244: 9238: 9232: 9226: 9220: 9214: 9208: 9202: 9196: 9190: 9184: 9178: 9172: 9171: 9169: 9167: 9152: 9146: 9140: 9134: 9128: 9122: 9116: 9107: 9101: 9092: 9086: 9080: 9074: 9068: 9062: 9056: 9050: 9044: 9038: 9032: 9026: 9020: 9014: 9008: 9002: 8996: 8990: 8984: 8978: 8969: 8963: 8957: 8951: 8945: 8939: 8930: 8924: 8915: 8909: 8903: 8897: 8891: 8885: 8879: 8873: 8864: 8858: 8847: 8841: 8835: 8829: 8823: 8817: 8811: 8805: 8799: 8793: 8784: 8778: 8772: 8766: 8760: 8754: 8748: 8742: 8736: 8730: 8724: 8718: 8707: 8701: 8695: 8689: 8680: 8674: 8668: 8662: 8656: 8650: 8644: 8638: 8632: 8626: 8620: 8614: 8608: 8602: 8596: 8590: 8584: 8578: 8569: 8563: 8557: 8551: 8545: 8539: 8533: 8527: 8516: 8510: 8504: 8498: 8492: 8486: 8477: 8471: 8460: 8454: 8448: 8442: 8436: 8430: 8424: 8418: 8409: 8403: 8397: 8391: 8385: 8379: 8373: 8367: 8361: 8355: 8349: 8343: 8334: 8328: 8322: 8316: 8307: 8301: 8295: 8289: 8276: 8270: 8259: 8253: 8247: 8241: 8232: 8226: 8217: 8211: 8205: 8199: 8193: 8187: 8181: 8175: 8169: 8163: 8154: 8148: 8142: 8136: 8130: 8129: 8127: 8125: 8105: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8081: 8075: 8069: 8063: 8057: 8051: 8045: 8036: 8030: 8024: 8018: 8012: 8006: 7997: 7991: 7980: 7974: 7968: 7962: 7947: 7941: 7932: 7926: 7920: 7914: 7908: 7902: 7896: 7890: 7884: 7878: 7872: 7866: 7860: 7854: 7848: 7842: 7833: 7827: 7821: 7815: 7809: 7803: 7794: 7788: 7782: 7781: 7773: 7767: 7761: 7755: 7749: 7738: 7732: 7723: 7717: 7708: 7702: 7691: 7685: 7679: 7673: 7667: 7661: 7655: 7649: 7643: 7637: 7631: 7625: 7619: 7613: 7607: 7601: 7595: 7589: 7583: 7577: 7571: 7565: 7559: 7553: 7547: 7541: 7535: 7529: 7523: 7517: 7511: 7505: 7494: 7488: 7482: 7476: 7470: 7464: 7455: 7449: 7443: 7437: 7431: 7425: 7416: 7410: 7401: 7395: 7389: 7388: 7387:. 25 March 2015. 7375: 7369: 7368: 7360: 7354: 7353: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7318: 7312: 7306: 7297: 7291: 7285: 7279: 7273: 7267: 7261: 7255: 7249: 7243: 7237: 7231: 7225: 7219: 7213: 7207: 7201: 7195: 7189: 7183: 7177: 7171: 7165: 7159: 7153: 7147: 7141: 7135: 7129: 7123: 7117: 7111: 7105: 7099: 7090: 7084: 7078: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7045: 7039: 7038: 7018: 7012: 7006: 7000: 6994: 6988: 6982: 6976: 6970: 6959: 6953: 6947: 6941: 6935: 6929: 6923: 6917: 6908: 6902: 6896: 6890: 6884: 6878: 6863: 6857: 6851: 6845: 6834: 6828: 6822: 6816: 6807: 6801: 6795: 6789: 6783: 6777: 6771: 6765: 6759: 6753: 6747: 6741: 6735: 6729: 6716: 6710: 6704: 6698: 6692: 6686: 6680: 6674: 6668: 6662: 6656: 6650: 6644: 6638: 6632: 6626: 6620: 6614: 6608: 6602: 6596: 6590: 6584: 6578: 6572: 6566: 6560: 6554: 6548: 6542: 6536: 6530: 6524: 6518: 6512: 6506: 6500: 6494: 6488: 6482: 6473: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6449: 6443: 6437: 6431: 6425: 6419: 6413: 6407: 6398: 6392: 6386: 6380: 6371: 6365: 6359: 6353: 6347: 6341: 6335: 6329: 6323: 6317: 6311: 6305: 6299: 6293: 6284: 6278: 6272: 6266: 6260: 6254: 6245: 6239: 6230: 6224: 6215: 6209: 6200: 6194: 6175: 6169: 6152: 6146: 6133: 6127: 6118: 6111: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6100: 6080: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6069: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6037: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6008: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5991: 5983: 5967: 5960: 5954: 5947: 5887:Task Force K-Bar 5768: 5761: 5754: 5653: 5601: 5581: 5580: 5561:Carter Malkasian 5517:Shahbaz Air Base 5478:Brown University 5285:Kandahar airport 5229:Gul Agha Sherzai 5216:Fall of Kandahar 5068:Uruzgan Province 5058:On 14 November, 5006:Special Tactical 4806:, on charges of 4757: 4652:, just south of 4650:Darya Suf Valley 4421:Mi-17 helicopter 4351:, and Germany's 4317:Task Force K-Bar 4238: 4236: 4235: 4226: 4224: 4223: 4214: 4212: 4211: 4196: 4194: 4193: 4178: 4176: 4175: 4163: 4162: 4049:Pervez Musharraf 3869:Muhammad Mohaqiq 3796:Wakil Muttawakil 3551:established the 3482:Afghan Civil War 3410:U.S. withdrawal 3287:Kabul University 3079:Kabul & Ghor 3012:Kabul University 2930:Kabul Parliament 2878:Kabul restaurant 2674:S Korean hostage 2549:Sayyd Alma Kalay 2390:Major operations 2280: 2278: 2268: 2261: 2254: 2245: 2244: 2098:28 December 2017 2058:Canadian Embassy 1913: 1903: 1896: 1889: 1880: 1879: 1860:Jalalabad (2019) 1815:Jalalabad (2016) 1800:Jalalabad (2015) 1673:Mountain Resolve 1622: 1614: 1607: 1600: 1591: 1590: 1434:Fall of Kandahar 1419: 1417: 1407: 1400: 1393: 1384: 1383: 1344:Battle of Sangin 1154: 1152: 1142: 1135: 1128: 1119: 1118: 1104:Sayyd Alma Kalay 1033: 1023: 1016: 1009: 1000: 999: 863: 861: 851: 844: 837: 828: 827: 751: 749: 739: 732: 725: 716: 715: 700: 699: 682: 681: 668: 667: 645: 644: 624: 623: 608: 607: 598: 597: 575: 565: 564: 553: 552: 541: 540: 520:Muhammad Mohaqiq 518: 517: 501: 500: 484: 483: 467: 466: 455: 454: 445:Gerhard Schröder 443: 442: 431: 430: 419: 418: 407: 406: 395: 394: 383: 382: 358: 357: 356: 347: 346: 345: 336: 335: 334: 317: 316: 315: 304:Non-State allies 294: 293: 292: 282: 281: 280: 269: 268: 267: 250: 248: 247: 237: 235: 234: 224: 222: 221: 211: 209: 208: 198: 196: 195: 185: 183: 182: 172: 170: 169: 158: 157: 156: 144: 142: 141: 102:Collapse of the 69: 68: 61: 41: 40: 21: 12443: 12442: 12438: 12437: 12436: 12434: 12433: 12432: 12398: 12397: 12396: 12391: 12343: 12327: 12289: 12247: 12241: 12178: 12141: 12042: 12021:October attacks 11965: 11877: 11853:Battle of Farah 11804: 11726: 11657:Operation Omari 11638: 11558: 11539:Paktika bombing 11510: 11472: 11428:Urination video 11423:Order of battle 11409: 11405:Ashura bombings 11395:Helmand killing 11341: 11322:Nadahan bombing 11312:Maywand murders 11292:Raid on Khataba 11273: 11259:NATO HQ bombing 11215: 11157: 11143:Baghlan bombing 11109: 11064:Uruzgan bombing 11046: 11040: 10991:Siege of Kunduz 10960: 10869: 10863: 10782: 10777: 10747: 10741: 10719: 10706: 10682: 10666:Whitlock, Craig 10658: 10637: 10613: 10589: 10565: 10541: 10520: 10496: 10472: 10444: 10425: 10404: 10393: 10380: 10356: 10335: 10327:. Bodley Head. 10314: 10292: 10264: 10238: 10217: 10193: 10169: 10148: 10117: 10095:Tyrangiel, Josh 10084: 10082: 10015: 10013: 9837: 9835: 9825:Washington Post 9809: 9807: 9800: 9785: 9779:Biddle, Stephen 9741: 9735: 9730: 9720: 9718: 9709: 9708: 9704: 9694: 9692: 9683: 9682: 9678: 9670: 9666: 9658: 9654: 9646: 9642: 9634: 9630: 9622: 9618: 9610: 9603: 9595: 9591: 9583: 9579: 9571: 9567: 9559: 9555: 9547: 9543: 9535: 9531: 9523: 9519: 9511: 9507: 9499: 9495: 9487: 9480: 9466: 9464: 9455: 9454: 9450: 9442: 9438: 9428: 9426: 9421: 9420: 9416: 9406: 9404: 9399: 9398: 9394: 9386: 9382: 9374: 9370: 9362: 9358: 9350: 9346: 9338: 9334: 9330:, pp. 546. 9326: 9322: 9314: 9310: 9304:Williamson 2013 9302: 9298: 9290: 9286: 9278: 9274: 9266: 9262: 9254: 9247: 9239: 9235: 9227: 9223: 9215: 9211: 9203: 9199: 9191: 9187: 9179: 9175: 9165: 9163: 9154: 9153: 9149: 9141: 9137: 9129: 9125: 9117: 9110: 9102: 9095: 9087: 9083: 9075: 9071: 9063: 9059: 9051: 9047: 9039: 9035: 9027: 9023: 9015: 9011: 9003: 8999: 8991: 8987: 8979: 8972: 8964: 8960: 8952: 8948: 8940: 8933: 8925: 8918: 8910: 8906: 8898: 8894: 8886: 8882: 8874: 8867: 8859: 8850: 8842: 8838: 8830: 8826: 8818: 8814: 8806: 8802: 8794: 8787: 8779: 8775: 8767: 8763: 8755: 8751: 8743: 8739: 8731: 8727: 8719: 8710: 8702: 8698: 8690: 8683: 8675: 8671: 8663: 8659: 8651: 8647: 8639: 8635: 8627: 8623: 8615: 8611: 8603: 8599: 8591: 8587: 8579: 8572: 8564: 8560: 8552: 8548: 8540: 8536: 8528: 8519: 8511: 8507: 8499: 8495: 8487: 8480: 8472: 8463: 8455: 8451: 8443: 8439: 8431: 8427: 8419: 8412: 8404: 8400: 8392: 8388: 8380: 8376: 8368: 8364: 8356: 8352: 8344: 8337: 8329: 8325: 8317: 8310: 8302: 8298: 8290: 8279: 8271: 8262: 8254: 8250: 8242: 8235: 8227: 8220: 8212: 8208: 8200: 8196: 8188: 8184: 8176: 8172: 8164: 8157: 8149: 8145: 8137: 8133: 8123: 8121: 8106: 8102: 8094: 8090: 8082: 8078: 8070: 8066: 8058: 8054: 8046: 8039: 8031: 8027: 8019: 8015: 8007: 8000: 7992: 7983: 7975: 7971: 7963: 7950: 7942: 7935: 7927: 7923: 7915: 7911: 7903: 7899: 7891: 7887: 7879: 7875: 7867: 7863: 7855: 7851: 7843: 7836: 7828: 7824: 7816: 7812: 7804: 7797: 7789: 7785: 7774: 7770: 7762: 7758: 7750: 7741: 7733: 7726: 7718: 7711: 7703: 7694: 7686: 7682: 7674: 7670: 7662: 7658: 7650: 7646: 7638: 7634: 7626: 7622: 7614: 7610: 7602: 7598: 7590: 7586: 7578: 7574: 7566: 7562: 7554: 7550: 7542: 7538: 7530: 7526: 7518: 7514: 7506: 7497: 7489: 7485: 7477: 7473: 7465: 7458: 7450: 7446: 7438: 7434: 7426: 7419: 7411: 7404: 7396: 7392: 7377: 7376: 7372: 7361: 7357: 7348: 7347: 7343: 7333: 7331: 7320: 7319: 7315: 7307: 7300: 7292: 7288: 7280: 7276: 7268: 7264: 7256: 7252: 7244: 7240: 7232: 7228: 7220: 7216: 7208: 7204: 7196: 7192: 7184: 7180: 7172: 7168: 7160: 7156: 7148: 7144: 7136: 7132: 7124: 7120: 7112: 7108: 7100: 7093: 7085: 7081: 7073: 7069: 7062: 7046: 7042: 7035: 7019: 7015: 7007: 7003: 6995: 6991: 6983: 6979: 6971: 6962: 6954: 6950: 6942: 6938: 6930: 6926: 6918: 6911: 6903: 6899: 6891: 6887: 6879: 6866: 6858: 6854: 6846: 6837: 6829: 6825: 6817: 6810: 6802: 6798: 6790: 6786: 6778: 6774: 6766: 6762: 6754: 6750: 6742: 6738: 6730: 6719: 6711: 6707: 6699: 6695: 6687: 6683: 6675: 6671: 6663: 6659: 6651: 6647: 6639: 6635: 6627: 6623: 6615: 6611: 6603: 6599: 6591: 6587: 6579: 6575: 6567: 6563: 6555: 6551: 6543: 6539: 6531: 6527: 6519: 6515: 6507: 6503: 6495: 6491: 6483: 6476: 6468: 6464: 6456: 6452: 6444: 6440: 6432: 6428: 6420: 6416: 6408: 6401: 6393: 6389: 6381: 6374: 6366: 6362: 6354: 6350: 6342: 6338: 6330: 6326: 6318: 6314: 6306: 6302: 6294: 6287: 6279: 6275: 6267: 6263: 6255: 6248: 6240: 6233: 6225: 6218: 6210: 6203: 6195: 6178: 6170: 6155: 6147: 6136: 6128: 6121: 6112: 6108: 6098: 6096: 6081: 6077: 6067: 6065: 6052: 6051: 6047: 6031: 6030: 6023: 6021: 6010: 6009: 6005: 5995: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5971: 5970: 5961: 5957: 5948: 5944: 5939: 5927: 5919:Afghan refugees 5904:George Marshall 5860:, December 2001 5858:Bagram Air Base 5819: 5811:Main articles: 5809: 5772: 5743: 5724:Iraq Resolution 5676:Iraqi uprisings 5588: 5579: 5573: 5557: 5525:Shamsi Airfield 5497: 5491: 5470: 5460: 5443:Bonn Conference 5439: 5348:, November 2001 5338: 5332: 5312:Junbish-i Milli 5238:Marines of the 5218: 5212: 5169: 5163: 5123: 5121:Operation Trent 5117: 5115:Operation Trent 5103:Siege of Kunduz 5099: 5093:Siege of Kunduz 5091:Main articles: 5089: 5037: 5031: 5001: 4973:including Herat 4957: 4951: 4894: 4888: 4860:Bagram Airfield 4853:, November 2001 4764: 4755: 4699:AC-130 gunships 4687:Objective Rhino 4675: 4673:Operation Rhino 4669: 4620:On 19 October, 4517: 4511: 4489:arrived at the 4434:Panjshir Valley 4417: 4407: 4310:Central Command 4279: 4274: 4268: 4233: 4231: 4221: 4219: 4209: 4207: 4191: 4189: 4173: 4171: 4144: 4124:Donald Rumsfeld 4103:Donald Rumsfeld 4093: 4078:(NATO) invoked 4018:Osama bin Laden 3994:Osama bin Laden 3974: 3957: 3951: 3844: 3812: 3784: 3759:Panjshir Valley 3754:and seclusion. 3732: 3726: 3673:Osama bin Laden 3603: 3601:Afghan conflict 3597: 3561:Bonn Conference 3466:Osama bin Laden 3442: 3441: 3440: 3435: 3141:Jalalabad (Sep) 3126:Jalalabad (Jul) 3106:Kabul ambulance 3064:June Lashkargah 2649: 2639:Kunduz madrassa 2624:Kunduz hospital 2554:Uruzgan wedding 2381: 2372:Kunduz madrassa 2281: 2277:Kunduz Province 2276: 2274: 2272: 2239: 2048:Spanish Embassy 1914: 1909: 1907: 1874: 1686:Korangal valley 1623: 1620: 1618: 1585: 1420: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1378: 1182:Mountain Thrust 1155: 1150: 1148: 1146: 1113: 1034: 1029: 1027: 998: 864: 859: 857: 855: 825: 820: 752: 748:Afghan conflict 747: 745: 743: 704: 694: 688: 676: 662: 649: 639: 635: 628: 618: 612: 602: 592: 579: 571: 559: 555:Osama bin Laden 547: 535: 529: 512: 495: 478: 474: 473: 461: 449: 437: 425: 413: 401: 389: 377: 364: 354: 352: 351: 343: 341: 340: 332: 330: 313: 311: 307: 296:Haqqani network 290: 288: 278: 276: 265: 263: 256: 245: 243: 232: 230: 219: 217: 206: 204: 193: 191: 180: 178: 167: 165: 154: 152: 139: 137: 89: 76: 62: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12441: 12431: 12430: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12410: 12393: 12392: 12390: 12389: 12379: 12369: 12359: 12348: 12345: 12344: 12342: 12341: 12335: 12333: 12329: 12328: 12326: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12305: 12299: 12297: 12291: 12290: 12288: 12287: 12286: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12265: 12257: 12251: 12249: 12243: 12242: 12240: 12239: 12238: 12237: 12232: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12199: 12194: 12188: 12186: 12180: 12179: 12177: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12161: 12155: 12153: 12147: 12146: 12143: 12142: 12140: 12139: 12138: 12137: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12107: 12106: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12094: 12093: 12088: 12083: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12052: 12050: 12044: 12043: 12041: 12040: 12035: 12034: 12033: 12023: 12018: 12013: 12012: 12011: 12004:August attacks 12001: 11996: 11991: 11986: 11981: 11975: 11973: 11967: 11966: 11964: 11963: 11958: 11953: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11928: 11923: 11918: 11913: 11911:Ghazni bombing 11908: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11887: 11885: 11879: 11878: 11876: 11875: 11870: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11850: 11845: 11840: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11814: 11812: 11806: 11805: 11803: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11736: 11734: 11728: 11727: 11725: 11724: 11722:Bagram bombing 11719: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11648: 11646: 11640: 11639: 11637: 11636: 11634:Bagram bombing 11631: 11626: 11621: 11620: 11619: 11609: 11604: 11599: 11594: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11574: 11568: 11566: 11560: 11559: 11557: 11556: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11534:Bagram bombing 11531: 11526: 11520: 11518: 11512: 11511: 11509: 11508: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11482: 11480: 11474: 11473: 11471: 11470: 11465: 11463:Shesh Aba raid 11460: 11455: 11450: 11445: 11440: 11435: 11430: 11425: 11419: 11417: 11411: 11410: 11408: 11407: 11402: 11397: 11392: 11387: 11382: 11380:Nimruz bombing 11377: 11372: 11367: 11365:Bin Laden raid 11362: 11357: 11351: 11349: 11343: 11342: 11340: 11339: 11334: 11329: 11324: 11319: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11302:Uruzgan attack 11299: 11294: 11289: 11283: 11281: 11275: 11274: 11272: 11271: 11266: 11261: 11256: 11251: 11246: 11241: 11236: 11231: 11225: 11223: 11217: 11216: 11214: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11201:Sarposa attack 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11167: 11165: 11159: 11158: 11156: 11155: 11150: 11148:Bagram bombing 11145: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11119: 11117: 11111: 11110: 11108: 11107: 11106: 11105: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11084: 11083: 11073: 11072: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11059:Guantanamo Bay 11050: 11048: 11042: 11041: 11039: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10996:Herat uprising 10993: 10988: 10983: 10977: 10975: 10966: 10962: 10961: 10959: 10958: 10953: 10952: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10931: 10929:United Kingdom 10926: 10916: 10915: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10879: 10873: 10871: 10865: 10864: 10862: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10850: 10849: 10844: 10836: 10831: 10826: 10821: 10816: 10811: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10790: 10788: 10784: 10783: 10776: 10775: 10768: 10761: 10753: 10746: 10745: 10739: 10724: 10710: 10704: 10686: 10680: 10662: 10656: 10641: 10635: 10617: 10611: 10593: 10587: 10569: 10563: 10545: 10540:978-1472807908 10539: 10524: 10518: 10500: 10494: 10480:Mazzetti, Mark 10476: 10471:978-0197550779 10470: 10448: 10443:978-1352011029 10442: 10429: 10423: 10408: 10402: 10384: 10378: 10360: 10354: 10339: 10334:978-1847923462 10333: 10318: 10313:978-0753828335 10312: 10300:Corera, Gordon 10296: 10290: 10268: 10262: 10242: 10237:978-1603441421 10236: 10221: 10215: 10197: 10191: 10185:. Free Press. 10173: 10167: 10152: 10146: 10131: 10116: 10113: 10112: 10111: 10091: 10071: 10037:(3): 316–319. 10022: 9991: 9971: 9952: 9900: 9860: 9856:The New Yorker 9848:Hersh, Seymour 9844: 9816: 9794:Crawford, Neta 9790: 9775: 9762: 9740: 9737: 9736: 9734: 9731: 9729: 9728: 9702: 9691:on 4 June 2012 9676: 9664: 9652: 9640: 9628: 9626:, p. 130. 9616: 9601: 9589: 9577: 9565: 9553: 9549:Malkasian 2021 9541: 9539:, p. 109. 9537:Malkasian 2021 9529: 9517: 9505: 9501:Malkasian 2021 9493: 9491:, p. 182. 9478: 9448: 9446:, p. 275. 9436: 9414: 9392: 9390:, p. 157. 9380: 9368: 9366:, p. 318. 9356: 9354:, p. 316. 9344: 9332: 9320: 9318:, p. 542. 9308: 9306:, p. 161. 9296: 9284: 9282:, p. 270. 9272: 9260: 9245: 9233: 9229:Malkasian 2021 9221: 9209: 9197: 9185: 9173: 9147: 9145:, p. 284. 9135: 9133:, p. 283. 9123: 9119:Malkasian 2021 9108: 9104:Malkasian 2021 9093: 9091:, p. 209. 9081: 9079:, p. 176. 9069: 9067:, p. 181. 9057: 9055:, p. 207. 9045: 9043:, p. 185. 9033: 9021: 9009: 9007:, p. 338. 8997: 8985: 8983:, p. 118. 8970: 8968:, p. 180. 8958: 8956:, p. 183. 8946: 8944:, p. 117. 8931: 8929:, p. 116. 8916: 8904: 8892: 8880: 8876:Malkasian 2021 8865: 8863:, p. 115. 8848: 8846:, p. 179. 8836: 8824: 8812: 8800: 8796:Malkasian 2021 8785: 8781:Malkasian 2021 8773: 8769:Malkasian 2021 8761: 8749: 8737: 8733:Malkasian 2021 8725: 8708: 8696: 8681: 8669: 8657: 8645: 8633: 8621: 8609: 8597: 8585: 8570: 8558: 8546: 8544:, p. 108. 8534: 8517: 8505: 8493: 8491:, p. 101. 8478: 8474:Malkasian 2021 8461: 8449: 8437: 8425: 8423:, p. 131. 8410: 8398: 8396:, p. 127. 8386: 8374: 8372:, p. 121. 8362: 8358:Tyrangiel 2001 8350: 8348:, p. 123. 8335: 8323: 8321:, p. 145. 8308: 8296: 8277: 8273:Malkasian 2021 8260: 8248: 8233: 8218: 8206: 8194: 8182: 8180:, p. 242. 8170: 8166:Malkasian 2021 8155: 8143: 8131: 8100: 8088: 8086:, p. 128. 8076: 8064: 8062:, p. 216. 8052: 8037: 8025: 8013: 7998: 7996:, p. 142. 7981: 7979:, p. 288. 7969: 7965:Malkasian 2021 7948: 7933: 7921: 7909: 7897: 7885: 7883:, p. 110. 7873: 7871:, p. 119. 7861: 7849: 7834: 7832:, p. 107. 7822: 7820:, p. 118. 7810: 7808:, p. 114. 7795: 7783: 7768: 7756: 7739: 7724: 7709: 7707:, pp. 64. 7692: 7680: 7668: 7656: 7644: 7632: 7620: 7608: 7596: 7584: 7572: 7570:, p. 335. 7560: 7548: 7536: 7524: 7522:, p. 141. 7512: 7508:Malkasian 2021 7495: 7483: 7481:, p. 142. 7471: 7469:, p. 139. 7456: 7444: 7432: 7417: 7402: 7390: 7370: 7355: 7341: 7313: 7298: 7296:, p. 123. 7286: 7284:, p. 122. 7274: 7262: 7250: 7238: 7226: 7214: 7202: 7190: 7178: 7166: 7154: 7142: 7130: 7118: 7106: 7091: 7089:, p. 196. 7079: 7075:Malkasian 2021 7067: 7060: 7040: 7033: 7013: 7001: 6997:Malkasian 2021 6989: 6987:, p. 332. 6977: 6973:Malkasian 2021 6960: 6958:, p. 163. 6948: 6936: 6924: 6922:, p. 164. 6909: 6907:, p. 185. 6897: 6885: 6881:Malkasian 2021 6864: 6852: 6848:Malkasian 2021 6835: 6823: 6808: 6796: 6784: 6772: 6760: 6748: 6736: 6717: 6705: 6693: 6681: 6669: 6667:, p. 580. 6657: 6645: 6633: 6621: 6609: 6597: 6585: 6573: 6569:Malkasian 2021 6561: 6549: 6537: 6525: 6523:, p. 325. 6513: 6501: 6499:, p. 345. 6489: 6474: 6470:Malkasian 2021 6462: 6450: 6448:, p. 262. 6438: 6426: 6424:, p. 258. 6414: 6412:, p. 257. 6399: 6395:Malkasian 2021 6387: 6383:Malkasian 2021 6372: 6360: 6356:Malkasian 2021 6348: 6344:Malkasian 2021 6336: 6332:Malkasian 2021 6324: 6322:, p. 235. 6312: 6310:, p. 236. 6300: 6298:, p. 171. 6285: 6273: 6261: 6246: 6242:Giustozzi 2019 6231: 6216: 6214:, p. 110. 6201: 6197:Malkasian 2021 6176: 6172:Malkasian 2021 6153: 6149:Malkasian 2021 6134: 6130:Malkasian 2021 6119: 6106: 6075: 6045: 6003: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5969: 5968: 5955: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5933: 5926: 5923: 5808: 5805: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5770: 5763: 5756: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5740: 5739: 5733: 5727: 5721: 5715: 5709: 5703: 5697: 5691: 5685: 5679: 5673: 5667: 5661: 5655: 5645: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5615: 5606: 5603: 5602: 5594: 5593: 5572: 5569: 5556: 5553: 5529:Masirah Island 5493:Main article: 5490: 5487: 5459: 5456: 5447:Bonn Agreement 5438: 5435: 5407:Kunar Province 5379:Mohammed Zaman 5334:Main article: 5331: 5328: 5254:ferried in by 5214:Main article: 5211: 5208: 5165:Main article: 5162: 5159: 5142:C-130 Hercules 5119:Main article: 5116: 5113: 5097:Kunduz airlift 5088: 5085: 5066:inserted into 5033:Main article: 5030: 5027: 5021:mission along 5000: 4997: 4953:Main article: 4950: 4947: 4890:Main article: 4887: 4884: 4812:Heather Mercer 4763: 4760: 4743:USS Kitty Hawk 4671:Main article: 4668: 4665: 4654:Mazar-i-Sharif 4527:Philippine Sea 4513:Main article: 4510: 4507: 4481:On 5 October, 4438:Special Forces 4430:Mohammed Fahim 4406: 4403: 4383:Australian SAS 4379:sabre squadron 4278: 4275: 4267: 4264: 4246: 4245: 4242: 4204: 4203: 4200: 4186: 4185: 4182: 4168: 4167: 4157:New York Times 4143: 4140: 4092: 4089: 4064:Robert Grenier 4030:Muslim clerics 4028:of 300 or 700 3986:George W. Bush 3973: 3970: 3953:Main article: 3950: 3947: 3906:, Uzbeks, and 3852:Mohammed Fahim 3848:killed Massoud 3843: 3840: 3811: 3808: 3783: 3780: 3748:fundamentalist 3728:Main article: 3725: 3722: 3643:commander was 3599:Main article: 3596: 3593: 3525:captured Kabul 3501:George W. Bush 3474:United Kingdom 3468:, and to deny 3437: 3436: 3434: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3422: 3421: 3416: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3375: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3318: 3313: 3297: 3296: 3291: 3290: 3289: 3279: 3274: 3269: 3268: 3267: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3240:Kabul gurdwara 3237: 3226: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3144: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3123: 3121:Kabul (30 Apr) 3118: 3116:Kabul (22 Apr) 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3087: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3044:Kabul hospital 3041: 3039:Bombings (Jan) 3030: 3029: 3024: 3022:Mazar-i-Sharif 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2973: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2911: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2853: 2848: 2837: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2815: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2778: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2751: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2714: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2693: 2682: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2660: 2659: 2642: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2581: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2538: 2537: 2536: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2500: 2495: 2490: 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2408: 2401: 2398:Mountain Viper 2386: 2383: 2382: 2380: 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2357:Hostage crisis 2354: 2349: 2344: 2337: 2330: 2323: 2321:2009 airstrike 2318: 2311: 2304: 2297: 2292: 2286: 2283: 2282: 2271: 2270: 2263: 2256: 2248: 2241: 2240: 2238: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2216: 2215: 2205: 2200: 2198:September 2020 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2153:17 August 2019 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2128:September 2018 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2073:September 2016 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2043:22 August 2015 2040: 2038:10 August 2015 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1983:September 2011 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1911:Kabul Province 1906: 1905: 1898: 1891: 1883: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1830:Mohmand Valley 1827: 1822: 1817: 1812: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1662: 1655: 1648: 1636: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1617: 1616: 1609: 1602: 1594: 1587: 1586: 1584: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1556: 1549: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1502: 1495: 1488: 1481: 1474: 1469: 1462: 1455: 1448: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1410: 1409: 1402: 1395: 1387: 1380: 1379: 1377: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1334: 1327: 1320: 1315: 1308: 1305:Panther's Claw 1301: 1294: 1287: 1280: 1273: 1270:Eagle's Summit 1266: 1261: 1256: 1249: 1242: 1239:Pickaxe-Handle 1235: 1228: 1221: 1214: 1209: 1202: 1197: 1190: 1185: 1178: 1173: 1166: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1145: 1144: 1137: 1130: 1122: 1115: 1114: 1112: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1079: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1057:Mazar-i-Sharif 1054: 1047: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1026: 1025: 1018: 1011: 1003: 992: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 869: 866: 865: 854: 853: 846: 839: 831: 822: 821: 819: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 778: 773: 768: 763: 757: 754: 753: 742: 741: 734: 727: 719: 711: 710: 706: 705: 703: 702: 691: 689: 687: 686: 674: 659: 656: 655: 651: 650: 648: 647: 636: 634: 633: 629: 627: 626: 615: 613: 611: 610: 600: 589: 586: 585: 581: 580: 578: 577: 557: 545: 532: 530: 528: 527: 510: 493: 475: 472: 471: 459: 447: 435: 423: 411: 399: 387: 385:George W. Bush 374: 371: 370: 366: 365: 363: 362: 328: 327: 326: 301: 300: 299: 298: 286: 259: 257: 255: 254: 241: 228: 215: 202: 189: 176: 174:United Kingdom 163: 149: 133: 130: 129: 125: 124: 121: 120: 119: 118: 112: 106: 95: 91: 90: 85: 83: 79: 78: 73: 65: 64: 54: 53: 46: 45: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12440: 12429: 12426: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12405: 12403: 12388: 12384: 12380: 12378: 12374: 12370: 12368: 12360: 12358: 12350: 12349: 12346: 12340: 12337: 12336: 12334: 12330: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12306: 12304: 12301: 12300: 12298: 12296: 12292: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12260: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12252: 12250: 12244: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12227: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12189: 12187: 12185: 12181: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12156: 12154: 12152: 12148: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12112: 12111: 12108: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12096: 12092: 12091:Fall of Kabul 12089: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12076:Fall of Herat 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12064: 12063: 12062: 12059: 12058: 12057: 12054: 12053: 12051: 12049: 12045: 12039: 12036: 12032: 12029: 12028: 12027: 12024: 12022: 12019: 12017: 12014: 12010: 12007: 12006: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11987: 11985: 11982: 11980: 11977: 11976: 11974: 11972: 11968: 11962: 11961:Bagram attack 11959: 11957: 11954: 11952: 11949: 11947: 11946:Qalat bombing 11944: 11942: 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11922: 11919: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11888: 11886: 11884: 11880: 11874: 11871: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11859: 11856: 11854: 11851: 11849: 11846: 11844: 11841: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11815: 11813: 11811: 11807: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11737: 11735: 11733: 11729: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11649: 11647: 11645: 11641: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11625: 11622: 11618: 11615: 11614: 11613: 11610: 11608: 11605: 11603: 11600: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11582:Khost bombing 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11569: 11567: 11565: 11561: 11555: 11552: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11521: 11519: 11517: 11513: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11483: 11481: 11479: 11475: 11469: 11468:Body pictures 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11444: 11443:April attacks 11441: 11439: 11436: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11420: 11418: 11416: 11412: 11406: 11403: 11401: 11398: 11396: 11393: 11391: 11388: 11386: 11385:Zabul bombing 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11370:Logar bombing 11368: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11352: 11350: 11348: 11344: 11338: 11335: 11333: 11330: 11328: 11325: 11323: 11320: 11318: 11317:Tarok Kolache 11315: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11295: 11293: 11290: 11288: 11285: 11284: 11282: 11280: 11276: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11262: 11260: 11257: 11255: 11252: 11250: 11247: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11226: 11224: 11222: 11218: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11168: 11166: 11164: 11160: 11154: 11151: 11149: 11146: 11144: 11141: 11139: 11136: 11134: 11131: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11120: 11118: 11116: 11112: 11104: 11101: 11100: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11082: 11079: 11078: 11077: 11074: 11070: 11069:Kabul bombing 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11056: 11055: 11052: 11051: 11049: 11043: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 11001:Fall of Kabul 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10978: 10976: 10974: 10970: 10967: 10963: 10957: 10954: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10924:United States 10922: 10921: 10920: 10917: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10884: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10877:Afghan forces 10875: 10874: 10872: 10866: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10839: 10837: 10835: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10791: 10789: 10785: 10781: 10774: 10769: 10767: 10762: 10760: 10755: 10754: 10751: 10742: 10736: 10732: 10731: 10725: 10718: 10717: 10711: 10707: 10701: 10697: 10696: 10691: 10690:Woodward, Bob 10687: 10683: 10677: 10673: 10672: 10667: 10663: 10659: 10653: 10649: 10648: 10642: 10638: 10636:9781416580515 10632: 10628: 10627: 10622: 10621:Stanton, Doug 10618: 10614: 10608: 10604: 10603: 10598: 10597:Schroen, Gary 10594: 10590: 10584: 10580: 10579: 10574: 10570: 10566: 10560: 10556: 10555: 10550: 10549:Rashid, Ahmed 10546: 10542: 10536: 10532: 10531: 10525: 10521: 10515: 10511: 10510: 10505: 10501: 10497: 10495:9781594204807 10491: 10487: 10486: 10481: 10477: 10473: 10467: 10463: 10459: 10458: 10453: 10449: 10445: 10439: 10435: 10430: 10426: 10420: 10417:. Routledge. 10416: 10415: 10409: 10405: 10399: 10392: 10391: 10385: 10381: 10379:9780393068986 10375: 10371: 10370: 10365: 10361: 10357: 10351: 10347: 10346: 10340: 10336: 10330: 10326: 10325: 10319: 10315: 10309: 10305: 10301: 10297: 10293: 10291:9780143132509 10287: 10283: 10282:Penguin Group 10279: 10278: 10273: 10269: 10265: 10259: 10254: 10253: 10247: 10243: 10239: 10233: 10229: 10228: 10222: 10218: 10212: 10208: 10207: 10202: 10198: 10194: 10188: 10184: 10183: 10178: 10174: 10170: 10164: 10160: 10159: 10153: 10149: 10143: 10139: 10138: 10132: 10128: 10124: 10119: 10118: 10108: 10104: 10100: 10096: 10092: 10081: 10077: 10072: 10068: 10064: 10060: 10056: 10052: 10048: 10044: 10040: 10036: 10032: 10028: 10023: 10012: 10008: 10004: 10000: 9996: 9992: 9989:(2): 541–562. 9988: 9984: 9980: 9976: 9975:Quigley, John 9972: 9968: 9964: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9949: 9945: 9941: 9937: 9933: 9929: 9925: 9921: 9917: 9913: 9909: 9905: 9901: 9897: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9879: 9875: 9874: 9869: 9865: 9861: 9857: 9853: 9852:"The Getaway" 9849: 9845: 9834: 9830: 9826: 9822: 9817: 9806: 9799: 9795: 9791: 9784: 9780: 9776: 9772: 9768: 9763: 9759: 9755: 9751: 9747: 9746:Bearak, Barry 9743: 9742: 9716: 9712: 9706: 9690: 9686: 9680: 9673: 9668: 9661: 9656: 9649: 9644: 9637: 9632: 9625: 9620: 9613: 9608: 9606: 9598: 9593: 9586: 9581: 9575:, p. 12. 9574: 9569: 9562: 9557: 9550: 9545: 9538: 9533: 9527:, p. 95. 9526: 9521: 9515:, p. 94. 9514: 9509: 9503:, p. 82. 9502: 9497: 9490: 9485: 9483: 9475: 9462: 9458: 9452: 9445: 9444:Barfield 2012 9440: 9424: 9418: 9402: 9396: 9389: 9384: 9377: 9372: 9365: 9360: 9353: 9348: 9341: 9336: 9329: 9324: 9317: 9312: 9305: 9300: 9293: 9288: 9281: 9280:Barfield 2012 9276: 9270:, p. 17. 9269: 9264: 9258:, p. 63. 9257: 9252: 9250: 9243:, p. 97. 9242: 9237: 9231:, p. 60. 9230: 9225: 9219:, p. 58. 9218: 9213: 9207:, p. 60. 9206: 9201: 9195:, p. 59. 9194: 9189: 9183:, p. 71. 9182: 9177: 9162:. 6 July 2021 9161: 9157: 9151: 9144: 9143:Barfield 2012 9139: 9132: 9131:Barfield 2012 9127: 9121:, p. 70. 9120: 9115: 9113: 9106:, p. 69. 9105: 9100: 9098: 9090: 9085: 9078: 9073: 9066: 9061: 9054: 9049: 9042: 9037: 9030: 9025: 9018: 9013: 9006: 9001: 8994: 8989: 8982: 8977: 8975: 8967: 8962: 8955: 8950: 8943: 8938: 8936: 8928: 8923: 8921: 8913: 8908: 8901: 8896: 8889: 8884: 8878:, p. 77. 8877: 8872: 8870: 8862: 8857: 8855: 8853: 8845: 8840: 8833: 8828: 8821: 8816: 8809: 8804: 8798:, p. 75. 8797: 8792: 8790: 8783:, p. 74. 8782: 8777: 8771:, p. 73. 8770: 8765: 8758: 8753: 8746: 8741: 8735:, p. 72. 8734: 8729: 8723:, p. 45. 8722: 8717: 8715: 8713: 8705: 8700: 8694:, p. 84. 8693: 8688: 8686: 8679:, p. 75. 8678: 8673: 8666: 8661: 8654: 8649: 8642: 8637: 8630: 8625: 8619:, p. 72. 8618: 8613: 8607:, p. 71. 8606: 8601: 8594: 8589: 8583:, p. 92. 8582: 8577: 8575: 8567: 8562: 8555: 8550: 8543: 8538: 8532:, p. 44. 8531: 8526: 8524: 8522: 8514: 8509: 8502: 8497: 8490: 8485: 8483: 8476:, p. 68. 8475: 8470: 8468: 8466: 8458: 8453: 8446: 8441: 8434: 8429: 8422: 8417: 8415: 8407: 8402: 8395: 8390: 8383: 8378: 8371: 8366: 8359: 8354: 8347: 8342: 8340: 8332: 8327: 8320: 8315: 8313: 8306:, p. 97. 8305: 8300: 8294:, p. 43. 8293: 8288: 8286: 8284: 8282: 8275:, p. 66. 8274: 8269: 8267: 8265: 8257: 8252: 8245: 8240: 8238: 8231:, p. 42. 8230: 8225: 8223: 8215: 8210: 8203: 8198: 8192:, p. 79. 8191: 8186: 8179: 8174: 8168:, p. 65. 8167: 8162: 8160: 8152: 8147: 8141:, p. 75. 8140: 8135: 8119: 8115: 8111: 8104: 8098:, p. 41. 8097: 8092: 8085: 8080: 8073: 8068: 8061: 8056: 8050:, p. 40. 8049: 8044: 8042: 8034: 8029: 8022: 8017: 8010: 8005: 8003: 7995: 7990: 7988: 7986: 7978: 7977:Barfield 2012 7973: 7967:, p. 67. 7966: 7961: 7959: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7946:, p. 38. 7945: 7940: 7938: 7931:, p. 76. 7930: 7925: 7918: 7913: 7906: 7901: 7895:, p. 37. 7894: 7889: 7882: 7877: 7870: 7865: 7858: 7853: 7847:, p. 96. 7846: 7841: 7839: 7831: 7826: 7819: 7814: 7807: 7802: 7800: 7792: 7787: 7779: 7772: 7766:, p. 59. 7765: 7760: 7754:, p. 95. 7753: 7748: 7746: 7744: 7737:, p. 69. 7736: 7731: 7729: 7722:, p. 73. 7721: 7716: 7714: 7706: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7690:, p. 99. 7689: 7688:Mazzetti 2013 7684: 7677: 7672: 7665: 7660: 7653: 7648: 7642:, p. 72. 7641: 7636: 7629: 7624: 7617: 7612: 7606:, p. 24. 7605: 7600: 7593: 7588: 7581: 7576: 7569: 7564: 7557: 7556:Woodward 2002 7552: 7545: 7540: 7533: 7532:Woodward 2002 7528: 7521: 7520:Woodward 2002 7516: 7510:, p. 61. 7509: 7504: 7502: 7500: 7493:, p. 81. 7492: 7487: 7480: 7479:Woodward 2002 7475: 7468: 7467:Woodward 2002 7463: 7461: 7453: 7448: 7442:, p. 29. 7441: 7436: 7430:, p. 27. 7429: 7424: 7422: 7415:, p. 25. 7414: 7409: 7407: 7399: 7394: 7386: 7385: 7380: 7374: 7366: 7359: 7351: 7345: 7329: 7328: 7323: 7317: 7310: 7305: 7303: 7295: 7294:Woodward 2002 7290: 7283: 7282:Woodward 2002 7278: 7272:, p. 41. 7271: 7266: 7259: 7258:Woodward 2002 7254: 7248:, p. 45. 7247: 7242: 7235: 7230: 7224:, p. 87. 7223: 7218: 7211: 7210:Woodward 2002 7206: 7200:, p. 43. 7199: 7194: 7188:, p. 75. 7187: 7186:Woodward 2002 7182: 7175: 7174:Woodward 2002 7170: 7163: 7162:Woodward 2002 7158: 7151: 7146: 7140:, p. 80. 7139: 7138:Woodward 2002 7134: 7128:, p. 30. 7127: 7122: 7116:, p. 45. 7115: 7110: 7104:, p. 32. 7103: 7098: 7096: 7088: 7087:Woodward 2002 7083: 7077:, p. 57. 7076: 7071: 7063: 7057: 7053: 7052: 7044: 7036: 7030: 7026: 7025: 7017: 7010: 7005: 6998: 6993: 6986: 6981: 6975:, p. 55. 6974: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6957: 6952: 6945: 6944:Whitlock 2021 6940: 6934:, p. 30. 6933: 6932:Woodward 2002 6928: 6921: 6916: 6914: 6906: 6901: 6894: 6889: 6883:, p. 56. 6882: 6877: 6875: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6862:, p. 35. 6861: 6856: 6850:, p. 53. 6849: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6833:, p. 33. 6832: 6827: 6821:, p. 22. 6820: 6815: 6813: 6805: 6800: 6794:, p. 89. 6793: 6788: 6782:, p. 61. 6781: 6776: 6770:, p. 90. 6769: 6764: 6757: 6752: 6746:, p. 87. 6745: 6740: 6734:, p. 88. 6733: 6728: 6726: 6724: 6722: 6715:, p. 51. 6714: 6709: 6703:, p. 53. 6702: 6697: 6690: 6685: 6678: 6673: 6666: 6661: 6654: 6649: 6642: 6637: 6631:, p. 18. 6630: 6625: 6618: 6613: 6606: 6601: 6594: 6589: 6582: 6577: 6571:, p. 48. 6570: 6565: 6558: 6553: 6546: 6541: 6534: 6529: 6522: 6517: 6510: 6505: 6498: 6493: 6487:, p. 91. 6486: 6481: 6479: 6472:, p. 49. 6471: 6466: 6459: 6454: 6447: 6446:Barfield 2012 6442: 6436:, p. 14. 6435: 6430: 6423: 6422:Barfield 2012 6418: 6411: 6410:Barfield 2012 6406: 6404: 6396: 6391: 6385:, p. 47. 6384: 6379: 6377: 6370:, p. 17. 6369: 6364: 6357: 6352: 6346:, p. 30. 6345: 6340: 6334:, p. 31. 6333: 6328: 6321: 6320:Barfield 2012 6316: 6309: 6308:Barfield 2012 6304: 6297: 6296:Barfield 2012 6292: 6290: 6282: 6281:Barfield 2012 6277: 6270: 6269:Crawford 2011 6265: 6259:, p. 26. 6258: 6257:Crawford 2011 6253: 6251: 6243: 6238: 6236: 6229:, p. 27. 6228: 6227:Crawford 2011 6223: 6221: 6213: 6208: 6206: 6199:, p. 63. 6198: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6181: 6174:, p. 78. 6173: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6151:, p. 64. 6150: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6139: 6131: 6126: 6124: 6116: 6110: 6094: 6090: 6086: 6079: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6049: 6041: 6035: 6019: 6018: 6013: 6007: 5988: 5982: 5978: 5965: 5959: 5952: 5946: 5942: 5932: 5929: 5928: 5922: 5920: 5915: 5913: 5909: 5908:Marshall Plan 5905: 5901: 5892: 5888: 5883: 5879: 5877: 5872: 5868: 5859: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5831: 5829: 5824: 5818: 5814: 5804: 5802: 5799:and the 2006 5798: 5794: 5789: 5785: 5781: 5769: 5764: 5762: 5757: 5755: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5746: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5716: 5713: 5710: 5707: 5704: 5701: 5698: 5695: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5649: 5646: 5643: 5642:Iran–Iraq War 5640: 5637: 5634: 5631: 5628: 5625: 5622: 5619: 5616: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5604: 5600: 5596: 5595: 5592: 5587: 5583: 5582: 5578: 5568: 5566: 5562: 5552: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5496: 5486: 5484: 5479: 5475: 5469: 5465: 5455: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5434: 5432: 5427: 5423: 5420: 5416: 5410: 5408: 5404: 5398: 5396: 5390: 5388: 5384: 5383:Gary Berntsen 5380: 5376: 5371: 5368: 5364: 5354: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5320:Dasht-i-Leili 5317: 5313: 5309: 5304: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5276: 5274: 5268: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5245: 5241: 5236: 5232: 5230: 5225: 5223: 5217: 5207: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5168: 5158: 5155: 5152: 5146: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5130: 5128: 5122: 5112: 5109: 5108:Seymour Hersh 5104: 5098: 5094: 5084: 5082: 5076: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5026: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5011: 5007: 4996: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4981: 4978: 4974: 4969: 4966: 4962: 4961:Muhammad Atif 4956: 4949:Fall of Kabul 4946: 4943: 4938: 4935: 4931: 4928: 4923: 4917: 4915: 4909: 4907: 4906:Shrine of Ali 4898: 4893: 4883: 4881: 4877: 4874:by CIA-flown 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4852: 4848: 4843: 4839: 4836: 4832: 4831:Karim Khalili 4828: 4823: 4821: 4820:Seal Team Six 4817: 4813: 4809: 4808:proselytizing 4805: 4800: 4795: 4793: 4789: 4784: 4782: 4778: 4773: 4770: 4759: 4753: 4748: 4744: 4740: 4734: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4680: 4679:3rd Battalion 4674: 4664: 4662: 4657: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4618: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4592: 4587: 4585: 4584:drone warfare 4580: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4559: 4551: 4548:in the North 4547: 4546: 4540: 4536: 4529: 4528: 4521: 4516: 4506: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4465: 4460: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4426: 4422: 4416: 4412: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4387:Task Force 58 4384: 4380: 4374: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4363:SEAL Team Six 4360: 4356: 4355: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4321:Task Force 11 4318: 4313: 4311: 4307: 4298: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4273: 4263: 4261: 4257: 4252: 4243: 4241: 4229: 4217: 4206: 4205: 4201: 4199: 4188: 4187: 4183: 4181: 4170: 4169: 4164: 4161: 4158: 4154: 4149: 4139: 4137: 4133: 4127: 4125: 4119: 4117: 4112: 4104: 4101: 4097: 4088: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4072: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4054: 4050: 4044: 4041: 4037: 4036: 4031: 4027: 4026:grand council 4019: 4014: 4010: 4008: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3969: 3967: 3962: 3956: 3946: 3943: 3937: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3915: 3914: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3888:Mohammad Fazl 3884: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3857:Shomali Plain 3853: 3849: 3839: 3835: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3807: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3779: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3736: 3731: 3721: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3710:Muhammad Umar 3707: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3685: 3680: 3676: 3674: 3671:", including 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3628: 3627:United States 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3602: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3573:Muhammad Umar 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3545: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3497: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3454:war on terror 3452:declared the 3451: 3450:United States 3447: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3426:Peace process 3424: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3383: 3382: 3381: 3380: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3365: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3332:Dasht-i-Leili 3330: 3329: 3328: 3327: 3326: 3317: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3302: 3301: 3295: 3292: 3288: 3285: 3284: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3263: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3235:Kabul (6 Mar) 3233: 3232: 3231: 3230: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3193:Kabul wedding 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3158:Camp Shorabak 3156: 3154: 3151: 3150: 3149: 3148: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3093: 3092: 3091: 3085: 3084:Kabul Shi'ite 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3035: 3034: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2978: 2977: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2945:Kabul Airport 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2915: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2875: 2874: 2873: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2842: 2841: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2821: 2820: 2819: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2784: 2783: 2782: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2756: 2755: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2720: 2719: 2718: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2688: 2687: 2686: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2666: 2665: 2664: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2647: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2630: 2629:Sangin (2017) 2627: 2625: 2622: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2600: 2599:Sangin (2010) 2597: 2595: 2592: 2590: 2589:Kunduz (2009) 2587: 2585: 2582: 2580: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2570: 2567: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2544: 2543: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2504: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2489: 2488:Darzab (2018) 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2478:Darzab (2017) 2476: 2474: 2473:Boz Qandahari 2471: 2469: 2468:Kunduz (2016) 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2453:Kunduz (2015) 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2413: 2409: 2407: 2406: 2402: 2400: 2399: 2395: 2394: 2393: 2392: 2391: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2367:Boz Qandahari 2365: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2342: 2338: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2329: 2328: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2310: 2309: 2305: 2303: 2302: 2301:Harekate Yolo 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2284: 2279: 2269: 2264: 2262: 2257: 2255: 2250: 2249: 2246: 2236: 2235:2021 hospital 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2220:December 2020 2218: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2209: 2208:November 2020 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2148:7 August 2019 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2123:30 April 2018 2121: 2119: 2118:22 April 2018 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2033:7 August 2015 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2018:December 2014 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1988:December 2011 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1968:February 2010 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1920: 1917: 1912: 1904: 1899: 1897: 1892: 1890: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1865:Bagram (2019) 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1825:Bagram (2016) 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1811: 1808: 1806: 1805:Bagram (2015) 1803: 1801: 1798: 1796: 1795:Bagram (2014) 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1775: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1703:Bagram (2007) 1701: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1684: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1654: 1653: 1652:Warrior Sweep 1649: 1646: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1635: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1615: 1610: 1608: 1603: 1601: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1582: 1581:2020 Kandahar 1579: 1577: 1576:2017 Kandahar 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1555: 1554: 1553:Dragon Strike 1550: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1541: 1538: 1536: 1535:2009 Kandahar 1533: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1510:2008 Kandahar 1508: 1506: 1505:Shah Wali Kot 1503: 1501: 1500: 1496: 1494: 1493: 1489: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1480: 1479: 1478:Falcon Summit 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1467: 1463: 1461: 1460: 1456: 1454: 1453: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1418: 1408: 1403: 1401: 1396: 1394: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1369:Camp Shorabak 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1333: 1332: 1328: 1326: 1325: 1324:Cobra's Anger 1321: 1319: 1316: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1307: 1306: 1302: 1300: 1299: 1295: 1293: 1292: 1288: 1286: 1285: 1281: 1279: 1278: 1274: 1272: 1271: 1267: 1265: 1262: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1254: 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Wsws.org 8808:Risen 2009 8566:Hersh 2002 6985:Maley 2020 6641:Risen 2008 5974:References 5964:Chris Wood 5951:Shia Islam 5826:number of 5823:Ipsos-Reid 5586:leading up 5575:See also: 5537:Kitty Hawk 5505:South Asia 5462:See also: 5415:Parachinar 5387:Jim Mattis 5375:Hazrat Ali 5273:Pinzgauers 5264:Camp Rhino 5252:US Marines 5244:Camp Rhino 4715:P-3C Orion 4695:B-2 Spirit 4642:Hindu Kush 4638:Uzbekistan 4606:Royal Navy 4483:Uzbekistan 4467:Jack Straw 4409:See also: 4405:First move 4240:Uzbekistan 4228:Tajikistan 4202:1,400,000 4184:2,000,000 4111:Camp David 3896:Ali Jalali 3689:After the 3595:Background 3542:Hindu Kush 3362:Badakhshan 2950:Kabul NATO 2728:Kabul NATO 2542:Airstrikes 2528:Lashkargah 2327:Sahda Ehlm 2213:University 2113:March 2018 2083:March 2017 2053:April 2016 2028:Parliament 1993:April 2012 1943:2009 raids 1645:Takur Ghar 1277:Red Dagger 1225:Kryptonite 1188:1st Sangin 1170:Eagle Fury 397:Tony Blair 12332:Memorials 12295:Reactions 12151:Aftermath 10949:Norwegian 10919:Coalition 10887:2001–2006 10847:2020–2021 10842:2011–2016 10814:Logistics 10080:Brookings 10067:142766937 10051:1741-9166 10011:0362-4331 9932:0162-2889 9896:150407995 9833:0190-8286 9597:Coll 2019 9467:2 January 8202:Call 2010 7676:Coll 2004 7664:Coll 2019 7652:Coll 2019 7640:Coll 2019 7628:Coll 2019 7616:Coll 2019 7491:Coll 2019 7150:Coll 2019 6860:Coll 2019 6744:Coll 2019 6677:Coll 2004 6665:Coll 2004 6653:Coll 2004 6617:Coll 2004 6605:Coll 2004 6593:Coll 2004 6521:Coll 2004 6497:Coll 2004 6458:Coll 2004 6434:Coll 2004 6212:Coll 2019 6017:USA Today 5696:1992–1996 5690:1991–2003 5684:1991–2003 5672:1990–2003 5666:1990–1991 5644:1980–1988 5632:1978–1979 5620:1961–1991 5521:Jacobabad 5489:Logistics 5367:mujahidin 5363:Spin Ghar 5262:known as 5023:Highway 1 4993:Tora Bora 4927:Brigadier 4920:minister 4792:Nangarhar 4788:Abdul Haq 4727:Dalbandin 4596:from the 4499:Blackhawk 4475:mujahidin 4381:from the 4080:Article V 3934:mujahidin 3900:Kashmiris 3879:was near 3873:Hazarajat 3792:Jalalabad 3695:mujahidin 3665:mujahidin 3641:mujahidin 3636:mujahidin 3559:. At the 3419:2020–2021 3414:2011–2016 3372:FOB Delhi 3325:Massacres 3272:September 3265:Jalalabad 3213:Jalalabad 2987:Kabul NDS 2982:Jalalabad 2920:Jalalabad 2861:Jalalabad 2634:Nangarhar 2564:Gora Prai 2559:Hyderabad 2188:July 2020 2183:June 2020 2108:Ambulance 2063:July 2016 1998:June 2013 1835:Tora Bora 1810:Nangarhar 1738:Bari Alai 1691:Red Wings 1680:Tar Heels 1525:Arghandab 1459:Avalanche 1331:Moshtarak 1109:Tora Bora 226:Australia 12377:Wikinews 12357:Category 12318:Protests 12235:Salt Pit 12226:Torture 10965:Timeline 10934:Canadian 10882:Civilian 10804:Timeline 10787:Overview 10692:(2002). 10668:(2021). 10623:(2009). 10599:(2005). 10575:(2008). 10551:(2008). 10506:(2015). 10482:(2013). 10454:(2021). 10366:(2009). 10302:(2012). 10274:(2019). 10248:(2004). 10203:(2021). 10179:(2011). 10085:15 March 10059:48602655 9977:(2003). 9948:57568287 9940:30129790 9906:(2008). 9866:(2001). 9838:30 March 9810:28 March 9739:Articles 9721:28 March 9695:28 March 9388:AEI 2008 9376:AEI 2008 8118:Archived 7384:Fox News 7334:7 August 6093:Archived 6062:Archived 6058:BBC News 6034:cite web 5925:See also 5664:Gulf War 5648:Iraqgate 5591:Iraq War 5555:Analysis 5513:Dushanbe 5509:Tashkent 5419:Pakistan 5138:Registan 5081:Kandahar 5072:Popalzai 4977:warlords 4731:brownout 4579:Hellfire 4574:Predator 4457:Gulbahar 4251:Fox News 4180:Pakistan 4091:Planning 3998:al-Qaeda 3992:deliver 3904:Chechens 3828:indicted 3782:Al-Qaeda 3718:Kandahar 3657:Pakistan 3623:Cold War 3538:Pakistan 3534:al-Qaeda 3462:al-Qaeda 3367:Kandahar 3294:December 3282:November 2960:Kandahar 2733:Kandahar 2691:Kandahar 2604:Mano Gai 2574:Azizabad 2523:Kandahar 2463:Tarinkot 2341:Halmazag 2178:May 2020 2173:Gurdwara 2088:May 2017 1973:May 2010 1870:May 2020 1855:Charikar 1820:Janikhel 1790:Asadabad 1768:Bad Pakh 1640:Anaconda 1472:Panjwaii 1445:Mongoose 1298:Mar Lewe 1206:Achilles 1089:Kandahar 1077:Tarinkot 1031:Invasion 881:Timeline 584:Strength 319:Al-Qaeda 82:Location 12248:process 12056:Attacks 10799:History 10794:Prelude 10016:3 March 9429:16 July 9407:16 July 5589:to the 5584:Events 5501:Central 5395:Ramadan 5301:Paktika 5293:Helmand 5281:amnesty 5151:US Navy 5060:ODA 574 5047:) with 5045:ODA 574 4942:Taloqan 4711:MC-130s 4703:strafed 4691:Emirati 4602:US Navy 4566:MIG-21s 4545:Peleliu 4495:Chinook 4244:30,000 4148:Afghans 3990:Taliban 3930:Stinger 3913:madrasa 3908:Uyghurs 3752:veiling 3714:Taliban 3706:mujahid 3703:Pashtun 3609:(PDPA) 3357:Khataba 3352:Maywand 3337:Shinwar 3306:Jan-Aug 3277:October 3131:Baghlan 2775:Nadahan 2679:Baghlan 2443:Derapet 2290:Airlift 1958:Bakhtar 1948:NATO HQ 1758:Khataba 1748:Kamdesh 1546:Hamkari 1540:Nadahan 1520:Sarposa 1318:Dahaneh 1264:Garmsir 1218:Volcano 873:History 684:Unknown 573:† 526:leader) 509:leader) 492:leader) 284:Taliban 213:Germany 12387:Portal 12339:London 10939:German 10819:Impact 10737: 10702: 10678: 10654: 10633: 10609: 10585: 10561: 10537: 10516: 10492: 10468: 10440: 10421: 10400: 10376: 10352: 10331: 10310: 10288: 10260: 10234: 10213: 10189: 10165: 10144: 10065: 10057: 10049: 10009: 9946: 9938: 9930: 9894: 9831: 9166:15 May 7058: 7031: 6117:, 2006 5297:Paktia 5181:AK-47s 5015:HMMWVs 4965:Ghazni 4876:MI-17s 4868:MH-47s 4864:BLU-82 4851:Kunduz 4827:Bamyan 4802:named 4799:Kunduz 4756: 4723:MH-60L 4646:MH-47E 4591:Apache 4570:Su-22s 4413:; and 4308:of US 4260:Rwanda 4256:Bosnia 4237: 4225: 4213: 4195: 4177: 4068:Quetta 3865:Parwan 3861:Takhar 3859:. 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