Afro-Argentines - Knowledge

989:, that help to rekindle interest into the African heritage of Argentina. There are also Afro-Uruguayan and Afro-Brazilian migrants who have helped to expand the African culture. Afro-Uruguayan migrants have brought candombe to Argentina, while Afro-Brazilians teach capoeira, orisha, and other African derived secula. It has been well over a century since Argentina has reflected the African racial ancestry in its census count. Therefore, calculating the exact number of Afro-descendants is very difficult; however, Africa Vive calculates that there are about 1,000,000 partially Afro-descendants in Argentina. The last census, carried on 27 October 2010, introduced the African ancestry survey. Still, as in other Latin American nations, Argentines of Black African background may not always identify as Afro-Argentine, due to the pervasive negative connotations associated to blackness and the lack of historical records for black bloodlines in Argentina. 2208: 2168: 2196: 2184: 2087: 2138: 2126: 766: 1343: 2106: 45: 787: 919:), helping later the narrative of the disappearance of indigenous and black people in the country. The very people belonging to these races (which were already heavily racially mixed, especially in the case of blacks) actively sought to identify with the new categories since they were symbolically closer to whiteness, which made possible more benefits and less discrimination. Only blacks with dark skin were considered as such, and being a minority even within the Argentine black population itself, they were considered as isolated cases or foreigners (since, from the late 19th century, several of them were free African immigrants who arrived recently mainly from 2069: 138: 443: 1132:” (black people of Buenos Aires) to perform candombe in public, even encouraged and visited by Rosas and his daughter, Manuela. Rosas was defeated at the battle of Caseros in 1852, and Buenos Aires began a profound and rapid cultural shift which saw a bigger emphasis on European culture. In this context, afroporteños replicated their ancestral cultural patterns increasingly into their private life. For this reason, onwards from 1862, the press, intellectuals and politicians began to assert the misconception of Afro-Argentine disappearance that has remained in the imagination of ordinary people from Argentina. 1866: 104: 1575: 896:, in which non-whites were put gradually into categories that were closer to the white one, that was the more desirable. Also, the white elite, which was a minority in most places until the mid-19th century, used this as a way to make a difference between "us" and "them", allowing many people to "leave" their undesirable original categories, but at the same time preventing them to become labeled as whites (since in certain cases they presented an aspect closer to the white than that of the Indigenous or Black) to deny them the access to the power and privileges reserved for a minority. 417:, and especially the high rate of mortality caused by the diseases introduced by Europeans caused the decline of the native population. Studies have shown that owing to their immunological isolation from the peoples of the Old World prior to the first contacts with Europeans from 1492 onwards, some 50-90% of the indigenous population throughout the Americas died from epidemic diseases, exacerbated by the stresses brought on by violent conquest, dispossession and exploitation. This led the Spaniards to supplement aboriginal manpower with slaves from West and Central Africa. 900: 121: 155: 2240: 1473: 1087: 2273: 172: 566: 2224: 2156: 1394: 957:'Little by little, this race is becoming extinct. With the slow devastation of severe ravages, the black race of the children of the sun is moving towards death. It is sad. It is lamentable... It is lamentable and sad to witness the decline of this race of iron and stoicism; of struggles and martyrdom, which, with no other offense than the color of their skin and no other crime than their meekness, has served as a mockery, as a stepping stone, and as a carpet for another race that is more cunning and weaker...' 970: 1117: 1729: 1488:. According to the Agency for Refugees in Buenos Aires, they came by seeking asylum or getting a visa to travel to Brazil and then Argentina, sometimes traveling as stowaways on ships. When denied a residence permit, the African refugees remain in the country without status and become lawful targets of human trafficking network. On Sunday some of the Senegalese community comes together to eat traditional dishes of their country. Some places already have African food recipes. 378: 1655: 6097: 2259: 795:

non-whites that still lived in tribal societies that were not part of the Argentine culture and weren't under the control of the government, in this case, people from several local indigenous nations that usually had conflicts with it (other ones, on the other hand, were becoming assimilated to the country's society), thus seen as incorrigible savages that were a block to the progress and a threat to the nation. This led to wars against them (like the

708: 1322: 1304: 76: 66: 6107: 1286: 360:. That mixing was promoted by governments of those times as a method to, in a first era, make non-whites (both indigenous and black people) racially closer to whites during the construction of a modern society, as they saw it; and in a second era, make them decline gradually through their "dilution" into a white majority that it was to become as such with the promotion of a mass immigration from 1113:, Anziqua, Nyong, Quang and others, mainly by Portuguese slave traders. The same cultural carriers of candombe colonized Brazil (especially in the area of Salvador de Bahia), Cuba, and the Río de la Plata with its capital Buenos Aires and Montevideo. The different histories and experiences in these regions branched out from the common origin, giving rise to different rhythms. 756:, which was promoted by the Argentine governments of the time precisely so that the non-white population becomes "diluted" within the white majority through racial mixture. This process was similar to that of the rest of the continent (with different results depending on the volume of immigration and the particular demographic characteristics of each region) and is known as 1359:

Genetic studies carried out in 2005 showed that the average level of African genetic contribution in the population of Buenos Aires is 2.2%, but that this component is concentrated in 10% of the population who display notably higher levels of African ancestry. Today there is still a notable Afro-Argentine community in the

740:(especially the most lethal, which was that of 1871) have a big effect, since demographic studies do not support that view (on the contrary, they show that the most affected were recent European immigrants living in poverty) and, furthermore, this theory does not explain the decline of the black population in the rest of 872: 868:, which increased their level of racial mixture and, therefore, decline, which lasted strongly even after the abolition of slavery, since people with lighter skin continued to rule society and make up the majority of the elite, thus leaving dark skin associated with poverty in the Argentine idiosyncrasy. 832:(which also included indigenous people who were part of colonial society and even whites with a high level of racial mixture) in an attempt to detach them from their slave past and, theorically, make them more functional to the modern society that the authorities intended to conform (according to their 794:

However, unlike other regions of the Americas where there was a strong violent segregation of non-whites in an attempt to prevent racial mixing, Argentine elite thought that non-white offspring could be improved if were the result of a mix with whites. The exception, since mid-19h century, were those

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and other Spanish colonial regions where a greater intensity of slave labor was required (such as mining enclaves or agricultural large estates in tropical regions). For this reason, there was less mistreatment towards slaves, who also had greater freedom to circulate, especially those who worked in

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The Constitution is a dead letter and the Counts and Marquises abound, which, following the old and odious colonial regime intended to treat their subordinates as slaves, without understanding that among the men who humiliate there are many who hide under their clothes a coarse intelligence superior

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Initially, the practice of Candombe was practiced exclusively by black people, who had designed special places called “Tangós”. This word originated sometime in the 19th century the word "Tango", but at that time not yet with its present meaning. Today, candombe is still practiced by Afro-Argentine

824:, as well as less typical features of the race), according to their degree of freedom or good relationship with their masters or white social environment, gradually came to be considered in censuses and legal documents in ambiguous pseudo-racial categories (but beneficial for them) such as those of 719:

as the main factor in the reduction of their population. Among the causes expressed are the supposed high mortality of black soldiers in the wars of the 19th century (since theoretically, they were a disproportionately high number within the armed forces, which would have been intentionally planned

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After the abolition of slavery, many blacks faced widespread discrimination. The fourteen schools in Buenos Aires in 1857, only admitted two black children, although 15% of students that year were black. In Córdoba in 1829, black children were entitled to only two years' secondary schooling, while

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and Monserrat housed a large quantity of slaves, although most were sent to the interior provinces. The 1778 census conducted by Juan José Salcedo of Vértiz showed very high concentration of blacks (though largely the product of varying degrees of racial mixing with white and indigenous people) in

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Well into the 19th century, mining and agriculture accounted for the bulk of economic activity in the Americas. African slave labor held the advantage of having already been exposed to European diseases through geographical proximity, and African laborers readily adapted to the tropical climate of

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The most widely accepted theory today is that the black population gradually decreased over the generations due to its mixture with whites and, to a lesser extent, indigenous peoples, which occurred frequently since the 18th century in the colonial period, and that it accelerated even more in the

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They were expert sailors and fishermen, which is why most places settled in ports such as Rosario, Buenos Aires, San Nicolás, Bahía Blanca, Ensenada and Dock Sud. 95% of them got jobs in the Military Navy, in the Merchant Navy in the Fluvial Fleet of Argentina and in YPF dockyards or the ELMA.

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Despite the fact that in the 1960s it was calculated that Argentina owed two thirds of the volume of its population to European immigration, over 5% of Argentines state they have at least one black ancestor, and a further 20% state they do not know whether or not they have any black ancestors.

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In 1887 the official percentage of the black population was computed at 1.8% of the total. From that moment on, racial categories were not registered in the censuses. The position of the State became explicit again when the National Census of 1895 was carried out when those responsible stated:

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In late colonial times the racial mixture was common because, despite the racism prevailing at the time, the level of segregation and violence towards non-whites who were part of colonial society in the territories that are currently part of Argentina, was less than that which existed in other

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Research in recent decades has ruled out such theories. Although it is true that blacks made up an important part of the armies and militias of the 19th century, they were not the majority nor did their number differ much from that of indigenous and white people, even in the lower ranks (the

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The classification of an increasing number of non-whites (especially those who had at least some racial mixture) into new ambiguous pseudo-racial categories was devised by authorities since the last years of the colonial period as a method to move them from their original racial identities

915:(which expanded its original colonial meaning, that was referred only to Spanish-descent whites born in the Americas) came to be used to catalog the vast majority of the population that was not clearly white (or whites descendants of Spanish from the colonial period in the case of 497:. An estimated 10-15% of slaves died during passage across the Atlantic. However, many more died during the process of enslavement, travel through the interior of Africa, and while awaiting shipment, with an estimated 40 deaths for every 100 slaves who reached the New World. 368:

that started to arrive since then (mid-19th century) until the 1940s. At the same time, non-whites frequently sought to have offspring with whites as a way to make their racially mixed child escape from slavery in the colonial period, and later, from discrimination.

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This immigration began in the late 19th century and became important from the 1920s. The busiest periods were between 1927 and 1933 and the third, after 1946. These migrations were mainly due to droughts in the African country that originated famine and death.

1068:(INADI) is the public body responsible for combating discrimination and racism. In 2021, the Argentine government announced the establishment of a "Afro-Argentine Community Federal Advisor Council", made up of prominent Afro-Argentine activists and scholars. 819:

On the other hand, due to the association of blackness with barbarism, already at the last decades of the 18th century, blacks (who by then normally had a certain level of racial mixture and therefore lighter skin than most of slaves recently arrived from

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studies, the Argentine population with some degree of Sub-Saharan African descent would be around 4%. World Bank and Argentine government estimates have suggested the Argentine population with significant African ancestry could number over 2 million.

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vision), and this allowed those already mixed blacks a better social position and a greater degree of freedom by moving away from their original racial category. In other cases, also due to their ambiguous phenotype, several tried to be recorded as

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The Forum of African Descent and Africans in Argentina was created on 9 October 2006, with the aim of promoting social and cultural pluralism and the fight against discrimination of a population in the country to reach the two million inhabitants.

853:(despite this, it happened illegally, but much less frequently than the slavery of black Africans and their descendants, which was permitted). There were even cases of black women with a high degree of racial mixture who managed to be noted as 984:

Today in Argentina, the Afro-Argentine community is beginning to emerge from the shadows. There have been black organizations such as "Grupo Cultural Afro," "SOS Racismo," and perhaps the most important group "Africa Vive", founded by

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was also associated with Afro-Argentines, with some scholars, for example George Reid Andrews, arguing that it originated among the Afro-Argentine community, while others, such as Sylvain B. Poosson, view it as a continuation of the

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Homburger, J. R.; Moreno-Estrada, A.; Gignoux, C. R.; Nelson, D.; Sanchez, E.; Ortiz-Tello, P.; Pons-Estel, B. A.; Acevedo-Vasquez, E.; Miranda, P.; Langefeld, C. D.; Gravel, S.; Alarcón-Riquelme, M. E.; Bustamante, C. D. (2015).

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Corach, Daniel; Lao, Oscar; Bobillo, Cecilia; Van Der Gaag, Kristiaan; Zuniga, Sofia; Vermeulen, Mark; Van Duijn, Kate; Goedbloed, Miriam; Vallone, Peter M.; Parson, Walther; De Knijff, Peter; Kayser, Manfred (15 December 2009).

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The slaves were forced to work in agriculture, livestock, domestic work and to a lesser extent crafts. In urban areas, many slaves made handicrafts for sale, while revenues went to their masters. The Buenos Aires neighborhood of

923:). In the case of indigenous people, only those who were part of the indigenous nations that still survived (who represented a small minority) came to be considered as such, but not those who were part of the majoritarian 2167: 2239: 2086: 2828:

Maglioni, Carolina; Stratta, Fernando. "Impresiones profundas: una mirada sobre la epidemia de fiebre amarilla en Buenos Aires" [Deep impressions: a look at the yellow fever epidemic in Buenos Aires].

680:, all published in 1858. By the 1880s there were about twenty such Argentine blacks published newspapers in Buenos Aires; and some researchers consider these social movements integral to the introduction of 1004:) that began in the 1990s, while there is a minority of blacks among immigrants from American countries from which immigration has been taking place since before the middle of the 20th century (such as 1528:

Colonial racism passed into Argentine culture to a certain extent, as shown by certain phrases included in the national literature. Disputes with a racist tinge were depicted in a famous passage from

2183: 2105: 1504:. Although figures are inadequate the numbers increase every year: in 2008 70 refugees arrived, after some 40 the previous year; only 10 remained, the rest were repatriated. Many were children. 429:

to the Americas and the Caribbean. The slave trade flourished through the port of Buenos Aires, where thousands of African slaves arrived to be sold. To provide slaves to the East Indies, the

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Fejerman, Laura; Carnese, Francisco R.; Goicoechea, Alicia S.; Avena, Sergio A.; Dejean, Cristina B.; Ward, Ryk H. (15 February 2005). "African ancestry of the population of Buenos Aires".

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They usually get on ships without knowing where they go, or believing they are going to a developed country in the northern hemisphere. They come from Nigeria, Côte d'Ivoire and Guinea.

5817: 2904: 2207: 3673:[Population: First census on racial belonging since 1887: Nearly two million Argentines have their roots in Black Africa] (in Spanish). Clarín.com. 9 June 2006. Archived from 2068: 841:(if they could explain their indigenous ancestry) because this would allow them to obtain freedom, since from the 16th century, in Spanish colonies it was prohibited the slavery of 1350:

According to the Argentine national census of 2010, the total population of Argentines was 40,117,096, of whom 149,493 (0.37%) identified as Afro-Argentine, although according to

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These situations made blacks prefer to form families with white and indigenous people in order to have children who had lighter skin and features more distant from the natives of

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In Comodoro Rivadavia, two Boer colonists were said to have brought Zulu slaves. Damboy was said to have been a slave in South Africa, but in Argentina he became a rural worker.

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was fundamentally required. It was also more common for them to be able to buy their freedom, so even several decades before the abolition of slavery, it was in clear decline.

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Since 2013, November 8 has been celebrated as the National Day of Afro-Argentines and African Culture. The date was chosen to commemorate the recorded date for the death of

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places a considerable emphasis on dance and instrumentals, more so than lyrics (in contrast to Uruguayan murga). Performances take place in the form of parades (known as

3009: 2137: 3403: 3376: 3349: 3322: 1332: 546:, although there were some more in other cities and towns that were small percentages there. For example, one of the currently rich neighbourhoods of the city of 3344: 3317: 3398: 3371: 2848: 2125: 3271: 3070: 2466: 777:

cultures) were the only ones capable of carrying on a civilization, while most non-whites (such as indigenous and black people) were inevitably related to

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In Argentina, as in other countries of the Americas, racism related to skin tone dates back to the days of colonial rule. In the caste system imposed by

640:, whereby children born to slaves thenceforth were automatically free citizens, but did not free those who were already slaves. Many blacks were part of 3850: 3124: 2754: 4105: 446:

In the background is the citadel, flying the newly designed Argentine flag. In the foreground Afro-Argentine women are washing clothes in the river.

3878: 2482:"Los vacíos y las ausencias: Una mirada sobre la presencia de los afrodescendientes en las clases de historia nacional en Buenos Aires, Argentina" 1203: 3768: 2786: 1401:

Between 12,000 and 15,000 descendants of immigrants from Cape Verde living in Argentina, of whom about 300 are native to the African continent.

648:, but mostly in segregated squadrons. Black slaves could, however, ask to be sold and even find a buyer if they were unhappy with their owners. 659:, published in 1877 a statement of equal rights and justice for all people regardless of skin color was published. One of its statements read: 2155: 3852:

La antropología argentina en su historia y perspectivas: el tratamiento de la diversidad, desde la negación/omisión a la opción emancipadora

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to use music to articulate political consciousness and defend their right to exist within Argentina's increasingly white-dominated society.

6141: 4098: 2802: 1564: 3696: 3670: 1139:, is an essential component in the genesis of Argentine tango. This musical rhythm influenced, especially the "Sureña Milonga". In fact, 597:, descent, whereas the "morenos" seem to have been composed of soldiers of largely African ancestry. These forces were unified into the 337:. Some old theories held it that in the 19th century the Afro-Argentine population declined sharply due to several factors, such as the 333:

During the 18th and 19th centuries they accounted for up to fifty percent of the population in certain cities, and had a deep impact on

4788: 4298: 2223: 6029: 5484: 1525:, the descendants of people from Africa occupied a place still lower than the descendants of people belonging to aboriginal peoples. 4157: 2010: 413:. However, the relatively low population density of some of the South American territories, resistance by some aboriginal groups to 5929: 5293: 4608: 4392: 3671:"Poblacion: Primer censo sobre pertenencia racial desde 1887: Casi dos millones de argentinos tienen sus raíces en el Africa negra" 3401:[Table P43. Total for the country. Afro-descendant population in private homes by sex, according to place of birth, 2010]. 3374:[Table P42. Total for the country. Afro-descendant population in private households by sex, according to age group, 2010]. 1484:

In the popularly called Barrio del Once there are Africans who have come to escape the conditions of their countries, particularly

4412: 3589: 6056: 6014: 2921: 1109:, where it was taken to South America during the 17th and 18th centuries by people who had been sold as slaves in the kingdom of 4603: 4318: 3399:"Cuadro P43. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según lugar de nacimiento. Año 2010" 888:) in an attempt to make them more assimilable within the modern society that was sought to create. This was a first part of the 6131: 5499: 4044: 3008:

Ghidoli, María de Lourdes (2016). "Valle, María Remedios del (?–1847)". In Knight, Franklin W.; Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (eds.).

2935: 5598: 4989: 3347:[Table P1. Total population and intercensus absolute and relative variation by province or jurisdiction, 2001–2010]. 3320:[Table P1. Total population and intercensus absolute and relative variation by province or jurisdiction, 2001–2010]. 3150:

Rodriguez Molas, Ricardo. "Los afroargentinos y el origen del tango (sociedad, danzas, salones de baile y folclore urbano)".

3108: 3054: 3027: 2879: 2617: 402: 4407: 2317: 976:, of Cape Verdean descent, became the first Afro-Argentine ambassador in 2020, when she was appointed as ambassador to the 606: 421:

the colonies. In the case of Argentina, the influx of African slaves began in the colonies of the Rio de la Plata in 1588.

5268: 4075: 3699:[Blacks in the country: censused on how many there are and how they live] (in Spanish). Clarín.com. Archived from 3372:"Cuadro P42. Total del país. Población afrodescendiente en viviendas particulares por sexo, según grupo de edad. Año 2010" 3241: 6136: 5964: 5185: 5006: 511: 4080: 861:(categories reserved only for white women) with the help of white people from their environment (for example, couples). 5190: 842: 410: 3354: 3327: 6110: 5573: 5283: 4967: 3927: 3895: 3408: 3381: 3345:"Cuadro P1. Población total y variación intercensal absoluta y relativa por provincia o jurisdicción. Años 2001–2010" 2489: 4022: 3279: 2546:"Los negros y negras en la Argentina: entre la barbarie, la exotización, la invisibilización y el racismo de Estado" 2245:

Masacalla, with three parts, belonging to the "Comparsa Negros Argentinos" of "Misibamba Association", Buenos Aires.

765: 5934: 5118: 4839: 4812: 4659: 4447: 2557: 463: 2462: 1342: 961:

From then on, and for almost a century, in Argentina practically no studies were carried out on black Argentines.

4179: 3537:"Ancestral genetic legacy of the extant population of Argentina as predicted by autosomal and X-chromosomal DIPs" 1233:) across the various neighbourhoods of Buenos Aires; some groups feature not only dancers and musicians but also 939:

In reference to the racial mixture that had occurred with blacks for several generations, in 1905 the journalist

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late 19th century (in the already independent Argentina) with the arrival of the massive immigration wave from

728:(due to the fact that there would have been a larger black population and a more favorable political climate). 715:

In the last decades, theories have been disputed over the causation of their decline. Older theories alleged a

4085: 3590:"Afrodescendientes y equidad racial. Recursero normativo y políticas públicas para la comunidad afroargentina" 3293: 720:

by the governments of the time) and in a yellow fever epidemic in 1871 that affected the south of the city of

142: 137: 5675: 5638: 5538: 5469: 5455: 5199: 5133: 3856: 1593: 1143:, milonga and candombe form a musical triptych from the same African roots, but with different developments. 1058: 786: 625: 614: 338: 2693:

Eltis, David (1989). "Fluctuations in Mortality in the Last Half Century of the Transatlantic Slave Trade".

44: 5568: 3623: 3479: 1716: 1529: 737: 226: 2675: 5959: 5914: 5842: 5489: 5103: 4010: 949: 1914: 1589: 1578: 1040: 632:, also of African descent, was one of the politicians who were barred from joining the triumvirate. The 5989: 5893: 5853: 5528: 5128: 5113: 4896: 4638: 4121: 3901: 2452:

Klein, Herbert S. African Slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean. New York: Oxford UP, 1986. Print.

2342: 1636: 239: 1895: 6100: 5740: 5593: 5588: 4774: 3213:

Poosson, Sylvain (2004). "Entre Tango y Payada. The expression of Blacks in 19th century Argentina".

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los blancos hizo Dios,/a los mulatos san pedro,/a los negros hizo el diablo/para tizón del infierno.

3776: 3480:"Inferring Continental Ancestry of Argentineans from Autosomal, Y-Chromosomal and Mitochondrial DNA" 2737: 5643: 5367: 5078: 4817: 4162: 3835: 2327: 2004: 1841: 1418: 589:

de Pardos libres de Buenos Aires and Compañía de Granaderos de Morenos libres de Buenos Aires. The

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islands. Thereafter the majority of Africans brought to Argentina were from ethnic groups speaking

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It will not take long for the population to be completely unified into a beautiful new white race.

523: 6076: 5868: 5523: 5194: 4442: 4333: 2965: 2337: 1908: 1632: 1388: 688: 502: 3945:"Negritud y género: la representación de la mujer negra en la literatura decimonónica argentina" 2806: 2053: 1865: 1706: 973: 585:

In 1801 the first Afro-Argentine militias were organised, under the auspices of the Compañía de

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It is estimated that 12 million African slaves reached Latin America, with many transported via

5994: 5789: 5548: 5024: 4972: 4962: 4950: 4288: 4152: 3700: 3674: 3536: 1798: 1672: 1611: 1451:

who felt they could not live under a British government. According to the 2022 census, 0.9% of

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white Argentine children studied for four years. Universities did not admit blacks until 1853.

621: 386: 3944: 3044: 2587:"Native Americans experienced a strong population bottleneck coincident with European contact" 326:

ancestry. The Afro-Argentine population is the result of people being brought over during the

6046: 5971: 5878: 5794: 5779: 5733: 5728: 5603: 5243: 5170: 5165: 5036: 4879: 4826: 4628: 4559: 4520: 4338: 4323: 3187: 2075: 1444: 547: 539: 467: 390: 356:

in the 18th and 19th centuries as the main reason for the decline of the black population in

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Caputo, M.; Amador, M. A.; Sala, A.; Riveiro Dos Santos, A.; Santos, S.; Corach, D. (2021).

1956: 1938: 1889: 1786: 519: 442: 6004: 5784: 5583: 5333: 4669: 4623: 4530: 4489: 4402: 4387: 4313: 4303: 3019: 2419: 1802: 1666: 1658: 1621: 1605: 1125: 1094: 899: 629: 574: 422: 334: 327: 90: 2397: 1986: 1574: 1171:, meetings in which slaves assembled to sing and dance. The modern term for a tango ball, 8: 5762: 5753: 5718: 5494: 5123: 4928: 4613: 4549: 4479: 4474: 4397: 4365: 4328: 4293: 3096: 2481: 2364:

Hiding in Plain Sight: Black Women, the Law and the Making of a White Argentine Republic,

2307: 1685: 1516: 1372: 1148: 543: 535: 531: 507: 382: 205: 94: 4911: 3071:"Se realizó el primer plenario del Consejo Asesor Federal de la Comunidad Afroargentina" 2635:"The Slave Market in Rio de Janeiro circa 1869: Context, Movement and Social Experience" 1877: 1681: 1086: 6036: 5919: 5685: 5648: 5608: 5543: 5258: 4706: 4701: 4676: 4633: 4525: 4499: 4417: 4382: 4377: 4308: 4262: 3974: 3564: 3517: 3454: 3427: 3222: 2718: 2654: 1456: 1025: 865: 850: 527: 323: 4891: 4090: 3651: 2849:"Pardo is the New Black: The Urban Origins of Argentina's Myth of Black Disappearance" 2520:"The making of a White nation: The disappearance of the Black population in Argentina" 2173:

Juan Martínez Moreira, a survivor of the War of the Triple Alliance, photographed for

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take place throughout the year, but are recurrent during carnival season in February.

5999: 5939: 5799: 5665: 5533: 5424: 5180: 5155: 4723: 4585: 4574: 4554: 4370: 4147: 3978: 3966: 3923: 3891: 3747: 3739: 3568: 3556: 3509: 3495: 3459: 3125:"Corrientes celebra a San Baltasar, el santo popular que hermana diferentes culturas" 3104: 3050: 3023: 2875: 2722: 2710: 2646: 2613: 2561: 2519: 2332: 1642: 1626: 1501: 1440: 1054: 1050: 1045: 813: 605:, at a strength of 9 companies, plus 4 auxiliary slave companies, at the time of the 565: 263: 159: 154: 5204: 4232: 4207: 2545: 1819: 1690: 799:) that in some cases ended with genocides or mass murders, also taking their lands. 594: 5772: 5441: 5394: 5362: 5288: 5226: 5209: 5175: 5108: 5073: 5068: 5046: 5041: 4977: 4955: 4859: 4834: 4797: 4664: 4618: 4569: 4504: 4494: 4484: 4352: 4267: 4237: 3956: 3731: 3548: 3521: 3499: 3491: 3449: 3439: 3046:

The Black Social Economy in the Americas: Exploring Diverse Community-Based Markets

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This was based on the then-popular idea that whites (especially those belonging to

696: 637: 551: 515: 342: 311: 299: 192: 49:

Proportion of African Argentines in each department as of the 2022 Argentine census

33: 5697: 4187: 2980: 1776: 1534: 1459:

are of African descent, almost all of them descendants of South African settlers.

560: 5723: 5655: 5578: 5460: 5436: 5404: 5399: 5350: 5323: 5219: 5098: 4918: 4901: 4864: 4854: 4728: 4718: 4360: 3444: 2297: 2292: 2074:

Main market in Buenos Aires. In the centre foreground a black fisherman brings a

2047: 2016: 1974: 1950: 1932: 1926: 1645:(1841–1897), musician, journalist, and sergeant in the War of the Triple Alliance 1617: 1452: 1436: 1184: 1136: 479: 455: 271: 4192: 1944: 1813: 1206:. Whatever their origin, payadas provided an opportunity for Black singers like 655:

Blacks began to publish newspapers and to organize for their rights. One paper,

636:, called to establish the new independent state of Argentina, passed the law of 450:

Before the 16th century slaves had arrived in relatively small numbers from the

439:

to various slave trading companies, both from Spain and other European nations.

6066: 6051: 5563: 5553: 5511: 5479: 5474: 5414: 5318: 5263: 5253: 5214: 5056: 5051: 4940: 4849: 4257: 4252: 3552: 3014:. Translated by Cronin, Kate Adlena. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 2443:

Gates, Henry Louis. Black in Latin America. New York: New York UP, 2011. Page 2

1825: 1807: 1792: 1770: 1700: 1222:

has considerable influence from candombe and other African musical influences.

1180: 986: 774: 758: 645: 593:

were free people of mixed European, African, and Native American, particularly

494: 426: 346: 279: 213: 197: 176: 171: 2706: 2189:

An advertisement for collars and cuffs in the magazine Caras y Caretas (1902).

1016:), but more numerous since others where it began in the 21st century (such as 6125: 5767: 5692: 5628: 5558: 5419: 5409: 5389: 5377: 5345: 5140: 5061: 4994: 4923: 4884: 4212: 3970: 3743: 3428:"Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America" 2714: 2650: 2565: 2278: 2041: 1998: 1980: 1853: 1758: 1732: 1448: 1393: 1207: 1116: 733: 506:

cities located in regions where agricultural production was greatest: 54% in

471: 430: 414: 352:

Research in recent decades cites a strong racial intermixing with whites and

1728: 969: 490: 6024: 6019: 5858: 5516: 5506: 5238: 4844: 4217: 3751: 3628: 3560: 3513: 3463: 2586: 2230: 2022: 1883: 1869: 1599: 1542:

after insulting his girlfriend and insulting him with the following verse:

1376: 1360: 1152: 1110: 871: 833: 721: 692: 287: 125: 120: 3169: 2985: 2590: 377: 349:, cholera epidemics in 1861 and 1864 and a yellow fever epidemic in 1871. 330:

during the centuries of Spanish domination in the region and immigration.

6041: 5883: 5707: 5670: 5660: 5633: 5248: 5160: 4869: 4247: 4242: 1847: 1712: 1654: 1164: 1140: 1135:

Many researchers agree that the Candombe, through the development of the

997: 753: 365: 231: 3855:. Vol. Documentos. Colegio de Antropólogos de Chile. Archived from 3827: 3807:[Those expelled from African soil] (in Spanish). pagina12.com.ar 3226: 2962:

National Institute Against Discrimination, Xenophobia and Racism (INADI)

2658: 2634: 1163:

Perhaps the most lasting effect of Black influence in Argentina was the

345:

rates, low numbers of married couples who were both Afro-Argentine, the

6009: 5680: 5620: 5338: 4945: 4933: 4131: 3735: 3504: 2028: 1428: 1422: 1351: 920: 586: 486: 475: 451: 406: 372: 319: 4197: 3961: 2145: 1225: 478:

were taken to Argentina; larger numbers of these groups were taken to

5278: 2302: 1364: 1199: 1188: 1176: 1021: 809: 779: 741: 681: 578: 357: 4227: 3424: 1538:, published in 1870, in which the main character duels with a black 790:

Black Argentine street vendor specializing in mazamorra, circa 1900.

5429: 5382: 5328: 5145: 5029: 4999: 4982: 4766: 4711: 4202: 2287: 2214: 2116: 1835: 1497: 1102: 1017: 977: 846: 804: 716: 641: 4874: 4049: 3832:

Scripta Nova. Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales

3534: 1602:(1788–1866), colonel in the War of Independence and the Civil Wars 1447:

as many had lost their farms in the war or regarded themselves as

6071: 6061: 4272: 4222: 1614:(died 1810), soldier in the War of Independence and national hero 1608:(1789–1813), private in the War of Independence and national hero 1496:

Since 2004 some Africans emigrated from their home countries and

1485: 1368: 1241:, flagbearers, and other types of visually stimulating elements. 1234: 1192: 1029: 1009: 1001: 725: 707: 435: 425:

purchased African slaves, who were then shipped from West Africa

4081:

In Buenos Aires, Researchers Exhume Long-Unclaimed African Roots

3775:(in Spanish). La Nacion Revista. 3 December 2009. Archived from 2513: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2499: 5355: 5273: 5231: 4906: 4654: 3103:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Ediciones de la Flor. p. 196. 2827: 1763: 1737: 1539: 1238: 1106: 1013: 821: 749: 570: 561:

Black people in the independence and early history of Argentina

459: 361: 3721: 5748: 5372: 3887: 3600: 2496: 1522: 1432: 1371:. There are also quite a few African-descended Argentines in 1219: 1033: 590: 4086:

Blacks in Argentina -- officially a few, but maybe a million

3476: 3101:

Los afroargentinos de Buenos Aires. Aquí mismo y hace tiempo

2161:

An Afro Argentine soldier from the turn of the 19th century.

875:

An Afro-Argentine vendor by César Hipólito Bacle (1784-1838)

1167:, which contains and continues some of the features of the 1005: 702: 628:, due to his "questionable mother"—i.e., African ancestry. 3049:. New York, New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 120. 3011:

Dictionary of Caribbean and Afro–Latin American Biography

2603: 2601: 2599: 1071: 3880:

La discriminación en Argentina. Diagnóstico y propuestas

3649: 644:

and irregular troops that eventually became part of the

4120: 2099:. Black workers perform tasks in the foreground (1818). 3920:

La segregación negada: cultura y discriminación social

3418: 2596: 3528: 2119:

following the 1812 abolition of slavery in Argentina.

684:

and the idea of social justice in Argentine culture.

3697:"Negros en el país: censan cuántos hay y cómo viven" 2846: 2775:, Academia Nacional de la Historia (Argentina), 1944 2517: 2254: 609:. Regimental status was gained in 1810, and the new 373:

Importation of African slaves during colonial period

3715: 2938:[Census 2010 Argentina - African descent]. 2869: 1749:(1840–1913), tango violinist, dancer and songwriter 1675:(1789–1825), independence leader and deputy of the 1183:contribution is also evident in the development of 1179:language of Angola, and a large Afro-Argentine and 996:There is currently a small wave of immigrants from 769:

Empanada stall run by its owner, Buenos Aires 1937.

2842: 2840: 2831:Revista semestral de datos y estudios demográficos 1886:(1928–2013), stage, TV and film actress and singer 1427:South African immigration to Argentina was mainly 3991:Literal translation of the Spanish original from 2670: 2668: 2201:An oil canvas painting depicting candombe (1922). 1810:(1897–1962), guitarist, bandoneonist and composer 738:yellow fever epidemics that affected Buenos Aires 6123: 4045:""El sur negro", crónicas de un tema silenciado" 3828:"Los migrantes y la discriminación en Argentina" 3763: 3761: 2607: 2589:, PNAS, 20 December 2011, 108 (51) 20444-20448; 1880:(1889–1943), director, screenwriter and producer 1703:(1945–2021), activist and founder of África Vive 1684:(1857–1925), writer, poet and co-founder of the 1120:An Afro-Argentine group playing Candombe (2007). 3917: 2960:[African Descent and the 2010 Census]. 2837: 1635:(1818–1894), colonel in the Civil Wars and the 1592:(ca. 1768–1847), senior master sergeant in the 1462: 1412: 1379:cities, in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area. 1147:and non-black populations across Argentina. In 1124:In Buenos Aires, during the two governments of 381:Statue of "Slavery" also known as "The Slave", 2872:The Afro-Argentines of Buenos Aires, 1800-1900 2665: 2357:The Afro-Argentines of Buenos Aires, 1800-1900 1629:(died 1867), major in the Argentine Civil Wars 1397:Cape Verdean-Argentines in Buenos Aires, 2012. 1346:African Argentines population pyramid in 2022. 4782: 4106: 4011:"La negritud. Pasado y presente en Argentina" 3758: 2874:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 89. 2585:Brendan D. O'Fallon and Lars Fehren-Schmitz, 2539: 2537: 1767:, singer-songwriter, and pioneer of the tango 1741:and one of the greatest pioneers of the tango 1382: 1151:, candombe is part of the religious feast of 4008: 3470: 3095: 2910: 2907:, 25 November 1905, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2543: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2382: 2380: 1565:Category:Argentine people of African descent 1155:, a folk patron saint for Black Argentines. 3798: 3796: 3794: 3650:Zulma Reccini de Lates; Lattes, Alfredo E. 3149: 2612:. Cambridge University Press. p. 583. 2479: 2131:An Afro-Argentine pastry vendor circa 1830. 1898:(born 1977), TV and film actor and comedian 711:Afro-Argentine family of Buenos Aires, 1908 4789: 4775: 4113: 4099: 3918:Margulis, Mario; Urresti, Marcelo (1998). 3825: 3771:[Cape Verdeans: winds of change]. 3272:"Comienza el Carnaval Porteño (y no solo)" 2936:"Censo 2010 Argentina - afrodescendientes" 2863: 2632: 2534: 2486:Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection 2420:"What it's like to be Black and Argentine" 1558: 43: 4042: 3960: 3848: 3724:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 3503: 3453: 3443: 2847:Erika Denise Edwards (19 December 2016). 2738:"2016 recap of the 1778 argentine census" 2377: 2359:, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 1669:(1780–1845), first president of Argentina 1581:, soldier in the War of Independence and 1066:National Institute Against Discrimination 607:first British invasion of the River Plate 16:Argentines of Sub-Saharan African descent 3791: 3621: 3615: 2608:Bradley, Keith; Cartledge, Paul (2011). 2366:Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. 2044:(1810–1910), last surviving former slave 1864: 1727: 1653: 1573: 1471: 1392: 1341: 1115: 1085: 968: 898: 870: 808:the fields, where labor associated with 785: 764: 706: 703:Decline of the Afro-Argentine population 564: 550:is still known as "Camba Cuá", from the 441: 376: 3269: 3212: 3042: 3007: 2978: 2591:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1112563108 1723: 1620:(1793–1835), lieutenant colonel in the 1500:to Argentina, particularly the port of 1443:. Most left South Africa following the 6124: 4076:ARGENTINA: Drumming Up Black Awareness 3805:"Los expulsados de la tierra africana" 3270:Linardi, Sebastián (1 February 2013). 2633:Frank, Zephyr; Berry, Whitney (2010). 2610:The Cambridge World History of Slavery 1072:African influence in Argentine culture 699:and held significant political posts. 458:, from the territories now comprising 4770: 4094: 3949:Cuadernos de Investigación Filológica 3942: 3802: 3582: 2735: 2692: 2518:Erika Denise Edwards (26 June 2018). 2050:(born 1875), chef and cookbook writer 1850:(born 1965), reggae singer-songwriter 1816:(1909–1980), jazz composer and dancer 6106: 4796: 3020:10.1093/acref/9780199935796.001.0001 2318:African immigration to Latin America 1822:(1916–2016), tango singer-songwriter 1709:(born 1965), diplomat and ambassador 1693:(1906–1956), neurosurgeon and first 84:Regions with significant populations 6142:Argentine people of African descent 4122:Ancestry and ethnicity in Argentina 2958:"Afrodescendientes y el censo 2010" 2821: 2639:Journal of Latin American Geography 2056:(born 1949) Afro-Argentine activist 1828:(1933–2020), playwright and actress 1435:), they settled in the province of 724:, as well as a large emigration to 624:was not allowed as a member of the 512:San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca 79:0.66% of the Argentina's population 13: 3803:Arach, Evelyn (29 December 2008). 3769:"Caboverdianos: vientos de cambio" 2920:. assatashakur.org. Archived from 2894:Second National Census 1895, p. 48 2349: 1467: 843:indigenous peoples of the Americas 14: 6153: 4748:European immigration to Argentina 4069: 4043:Boccanera, Jorge (1 March 2015). 3239: 3043:Hossein, Caroline Shenaz (2017). 2490:School for International Training 2463:"African immigrants in Argentina" 1191:music. The song tradition of the 403:European colonies in the Americas 61:Sub-Saharan ancestry predominates 6105: 6096: 6095: 4978:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 3622:Bachelet, Pablo (17 June 2007). 3496:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2009.00556.x 3192:Ministro de Cultura de Argentina 2803:"Afroargentines: The Argentimes" 2544:Ocoró Luango, Anny (July 2010). 2469:from the original on 7 May 2020. 2271: 2257: 2238: 2222: 2206: 2194: 2182: 2166: 2154: 2136: 2124: 2104: 2085: 2067: 1321: 1320: 1303: 1302: 1284: 557:, meaning "cave of the blacks". 464:Democratic Republic of the Congo 322:who have predominantly or total 170: 153: 136: 119: 102: 75: 74: 65: 64: 4036: 4002: 3985: 3936: 3911: 3871: 3842: 3819: 3689: 3663: 3643: 3541:Molecular Genetics and Genomics 3391: 3364: 3337: 3310: 3286: 3263: 3233: 3206: 3180: 3162: 3143: 3117: 3089: 3063: 3036: 3001: 2972: 2950: 2928: 2897: 2888: 2795: 2779: 2772:Historia de la nación Argentina 2763: 2747: 2729: 2686: 2626: 1248: 4023:Universidad Nacional de México 2979:Murillo, Euge (26 June 2020). 2918:"Afro-Argentina & Bolivia" 2579: 2473: 2455: 2446: 2437: 2412: 2031:(born 2004), basketball player 2025:(born 2002), volleyball player 2007:(born 1995), basketball player 1983:(born 1992), volleyball player 1977:(born 1989), basketball player 1892:(born 1972), TV and film actor 1860: 1661:, first President of Argentina 1285: 687:Some blacks entered politics. 620:In 1812, Argentine politician 401:, the economic regimes of the 1: 6132:African diaspora in Argentina 3131:(in Spanish). 6 February 2022 2370: 2362:Edwards, Erika Denise. 2020. 2229:Afro-Argentine man playing a 1801:(1868–1920), composer of the 1491: 1256:African Argentines 1778-2022 615:Argentine War of Independence 611:Regimento de Pardos y Morenos 339:Argentine War of Independence 4009:Pérez Martín, Norma (2010). 3445:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602 3407:(in Spanish). Archived from 3380:(in Spanish). Archived from 3353:(in Spanish). Archived from 3326:(in Spanish). Archived from 3278:(in Spanish). Archived from 2964:(in Spanish). Archived from 2942:(in Spanish). Archived from 2870:George Reid Andrews (1980). 2788:Historia Argentina, Volume 2 2355:Andrews, George Reid. 1980. 2001:(born 1995), handball player 1995:(born 1994), handball player 1596:and "Mother of the Homeland" 1463:Other immigrants from Africa 1413:Immigrants from South Africa 1095:General Juan Manuel de Rosas 664:to that of the same outrage. 599:Batallón de Pardos y Morenos 7: 3849:Garbulsky, Edgardo (2003). 3188:"El origen negro del Tango" 2480:Mothershead, Sasha (2019). 2250: 1844:(1958–2014), rock guitarist 1795:(1874–1918), tango composer 1789:(1868–1913), tango composer 1773:(1860–1916), tango composer 1715:(born 1980), member of the 1649: 1569: 1476:Nigerian-Argentines during 1081: 947:(published in the magazine 907:In this way, terms such as 433:granted contracts known as 405:developed various forms of 10: 6158: 6137:Ethnic groups in Argentina 5990:African diaspora religions 5114:Indigenous Black Canadians 3553:10.1007/s00438-020-01755-w 3077:(in Spanish). 24 June 2021 2759:, José Torre Revello, 1970 2550:La Manzana de la Discordia 2343:Ethnic groups of Argentina 2060: 1719:and former city councillor 1637:War of the Triple Alliance 1562: 1549:Saint Peter made mulattos, 1514: 1416: 1386: 1383:Immigrants from Cape Verde 1105:originated in present-day 1097:is depcited at a candombe. 964: 397:As part of the process of 347:War of the Triple Alliance 6091: 5980: 5965:African Hebrew Israelites 5950: 5904: 5841: 5830: 5810: 5741:Afro-Asians in South Asia 5706: 5619: 5454: 5304: 5089: 5015: 4825: 4811: 4804: 4740: 4688: 4647: 4596: 4539: 4513: 4467: 4456: 4435: 4426: 4351: 4281: 4178: 4171: 4138: 4128: 3826:Sáez Capel, José (2001). 3653:La población de Argentina 3194:. Government of Argentina 3152:Desmemoria (Buenos Aires) 2707:10.1017/S0145553200016424 2680:www.digitalhistory.uh.edu 2323:Demographics of Argentina 2213:Black Argentines playing 1902: 1717:Salta Chamber of Deputies 1677:Assembly of the Year XIII 1510: 1331:Source: Argentina census 1329: 1255: 1093:(1820), by Martín Boneo. 1012:and, to a lesser extent, 941:Juan José de Soiza Reilly 803:European colonies in the 695:were in action as senior 634:Assembly of the Year XIII 489:to other regions through 407:forced labor exploitation 328:transatlantic slave trade 250: 245: 224: 219: 190: 185: 168: 151: 134: 117: 100: 88: 83: 59: 54: 42: 29: 5007:Turks and Caicos Islands 4130:Ancestral background of 3922:. Buenos Aires: Biblos. 3836:Universidad de Barcelona 3484:Annals of Human Genetics 2328:Immigration to Argentina 2095:on the west bank of the 2035: 1590:María Remedios del Valle 1579:María Remedios del Valle 1480:(Day of the immigrants). 1439:, mainly in the city of 1419:South African Argentines 1213: 1158: 1076: 1041:María Remedios del Valle 3943:Mbaye, Djibril (2019). 3170:"Etimologia de Milonga" 2791:, José María Rosa, 1965 2338:Cape Verdean Argentines 2019:(born 2002), footballer 2013:(born 1998), footballer 1989:(born 1992), footballer 1971:(born 1988), footballer 1965:(born 1986), footballer 1959:(born 1981), footballer 1953:(born 1980), footballer 1947:(born 1950), footballer 1941:(1935–2010), footballer 1911:(1902–1982), footballer 1909:Alejandro de los Santos 1856:(born 1977), pop singer 1559:Notable Afro-Argentines 1389:Cape Verdean Argentines 1175:, has its roots in the 5995:Anti-African sentiment 3240:Tubio, María Soledad. 2851:. Global Urban History 2695:Social Science History 1935:(1932–1998) footballer 1873: 1799:Cayetano Alberto Silva 1742: 1673:Bernardo de Monteagudo 1662: 1585: 1556: 1481: 1398: 1347: 1121: 1098: 1053:, who served with the 981: 959: 943:stated in his article 937: 904: 876: 797:Conquest of the Desert 791: 770: 712: 668:Other newspapers were 666: 622:Bernardo de Monteagudo 582: 447: 423:European slave traders 394: 387:Parque Tres de Febrero 315: 303: 6047:Civil rights movement 5935:Afro-Caribbean people 5244:Chestnut Ridge people 5166:African-American Jews 4968:Saint Kitts and Nevis 2558:Universidad del Valle 2488:(in Spanish) (3227). 2011:Héctor David Martínez 1868: 1755:(1856–1902), composer 1731: 1657: 1577: 1553:as the smut of Hell. 1551:the devil made blacks 1544: 1475: 1445:Second Anglo-Boer War 1396: 1345: 1128:, it was common for “ 1119: 1089: 972: 955: 933: 902: 874: 789: 768: 710: 661: 568: 540:San Salvador de Jujuy 524:San Miguel de Tucumán 468:Republic of the Congo 445: 391:Palermo, Buenos Aires 380: 341:(c. 1810–1818), high 256:Black Latin Americans 246:Related ethnic groups 89:Predominantly in the 6005:Atlantic slave trade 5693:United Arab Emirates 4436:By religious beliefs 3907:on 29 December 2009. 3360:on 2 September 2011. 3333:on 2 September 2011. 3249:Especialmente Música 3097:Reid Andrews, George 2756:La sociedad colonial 2676:"The Middle Passage" 2054:Dominga Lucía Molina 1872:, actress and singer 1803:March of San Lorenzo 1724:Music and literature 1707:María Fernanda Silva 1667:Bernardino Rivadavia 1659:Bernardino Rivadavia 1606:Juan Bautista Cabral 1202:traditions like the 1126:Juan Manuel de Rosas 974:María Fernanda Silva 630:Bernardino Rivadavia 613:participated in the 601:, also known as the 252:Sub-Saharan Africans 240:Traditional religion 91:Greater Buenos Aires 5894:Sierra Leone Creole 5745:India and Pakistan 4990:Trinidad and Tobago 4840:Antigua and Barbuda 3779:on 10 December 2018 3624:"Building identity" 3387:on 29 October 2013. 3174:Etimologia de Chile 2968:on 7 November 2010. 2809:on 23 November 2009 2308:Afro-Latin American 2149:at a dance in 1902. 1842:Carlos García López 1686:Radical Civic Union 1594:War of Independence 1517:Racism in Argentina 1149:Corrientes Province 1059:war of Independence 927:Argentine society. 508:Santiago del Estero 427:across the Atlantic 383:Francisco Cafferata 324:Sub-Saharan African 95:Argentine Northwest 26: 6037:Black Lives Matter 5644:Ethiopian Israelis 5294:African immigrants 5269:Louisiana Redbones 5205:Chickasaw freedmen 5134:African immigrants 4902:Dominican Republic 4132:Argentine citizens 3736:10.1002/ajpa.20083 3242:"La Murga Porteña" 2217:in 1938, San Juan. 2143:Upper-class black 1957:Clemente Rodríguez 1939:José Ramos Delgado 1929:(1918–1967), boxer 1923:(1912–1966), boxer 1917:(1907–1982), boxer 1890:Diego Alonso Gómez 1874: 1787:Rosendo Mendizábal 1783:and tango composer 1743: 1663: 1633:José María Morales 1586: 1583:Madre de la Patria 1482: 1478:Día del inmigrante 1399: 1348: 1122: 1099: 1026:Dominican Republic 982: 905: 877: 866:Sub-Saharan Africa 851:Laws of the Indies 792: 771: 713: 689:José María Morales 583: 569:An Afro-Argentine 448: 411:indigenous peoples 395: 354:indigenous peoples 25:African Argentines 24: 6119: 6118: 6087: 6086: 6000:Anti-Black racism 5940:British Jamaicans 5930:African Americans 5915:African Americans 5869:Americo-Liberians 5854:African Americans 5826: 5825: 5649:Sudanese refugees 5450: 5449: 5220:Seminole freedmen 5200:Cherokee freedmen 5181:Black Southerners 5156:African Americans 5104:African Americans 4764: 4763: 4760: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4347: 4346: 3962:10.18172/cif.3885 3414:on 18 April 2014. 3318:"Censo 2001–2010" 3282:on 25 April 2016. 3110:978-950-515-332-9 3056:978-1-137-60047-9 3029:978-0-199-93579-6 2924:on 31 March 2016. 2881:978-0-299-08290-1 2619:978-0-521-84066-8 2522:. History Compass 2333:Angolan Argentine 1987:Matías Presentado 1838:singer-songwriter 1643:Manuel G. Posadas 1627:Celestino Barcala 1502:Rosario, Santa Fe 1340: 1339: 1336: 1271: 1055:Army of the North 1051:guerrilla fighter 814:extensive farming 697:military officers 626:First Triumvirate 470:. Relatively few 335:Argentine culture 316:Argentinos Negros 306:), also known as 293: 292: 126:Buenos Aires City 6149: 6109: 6108: 6099: 6098: 5839: 5838: 5227:Creoles of color 5210:Choctaw freedmen 5176:Black Mennonites 5109:Black Mennonites 4956:Jamaican Maroons 4912:Samaná Americans 4823: 4822: 4809: 4808: 4798:African diaspora 4791: 4784: 4777: 4768: 4767: 4465: 4464: 4433: 4432: 4176: 4175: 4115: 4108: 4101: 4092: 4091: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4040: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4006: 4000: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3964: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3900:. Archived from 3886:. Buenos Aires: 3885: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3823: 3817: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3800: 3789: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3765: 3756: 3755: 3719: 3713: 3712: 3710: 3708: 3703:on 13 April 2009 3693: 3687: 3686: 3684: 3682: 3677:on 13 April 2009 3667: 3661: 3660: 3658: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3619: 3613: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3597:argentina.gob.ar 3594: 3586: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3507: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3457: 3447: 3438:(12): e1005602. 3422: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3395: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3341: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3314: 3308: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3298: 3290: 3284: 3283: 3267: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3246: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3184: 3178: 3177: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3147: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3075:argentina.gob.ar 3067: 3061: 3060: 3040: 3034: 3033: 3005: 2999: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2954: 2948: 2947: 2946:on 25 July 2011. 2932: 2926: 2925: 2914: 2908: 2901: 2895: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2844: 2835: 2834: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2805:. Archived from 2799: 2793: 2792: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2751: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2690: 2684: 2683: 2672: 2663: 2662: 2630: 2624: 2623: 2605: 2594: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2541: 2532: 2531: 2529: 2527: 2515: 2494: 2493: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2444: 2441: 2435: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2416: 2410: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2394: 2313:Argentine people 2281: 2276: 2275: 2274: 2267: 2265:Argentina portal 2262: 2261: 2260: 2242: 2226: 2210: 2198: 2186: 2170: 2158: 2140: 2128: 2108: 2089: 2071: 1969:Cristian Tissone 1963:Fernando Tissone 1921:Guillermo Lovell 1915:Arturo Rodríguez 1878:José A. Ferreyra 1747:Casimiro Alcorta 1682:Tomás Platero IV 1547:God made whites, 1330: 1324: 1323: 1306: 1305: 1288: 1287: 1267: 1253: 1252: 775:Western European 670:The African Race 638:freedom of wombs 343:infant mortality 308:Black Argentines 175: 174: 158: 157: 141: 140: 124: 123: 107: 106: 78: 77: 68: 67: 55:Total population 47: 32:Afroargentinos ( 27: 23: 6157: 6156: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6147: 6146: 6122: 6121: 6120: 6115: 6083: 6057:Genetic history 5982: 5976: 5952: 5946: 5926:United Kingdom 5900: 5879:Afro-Brazilians 5834: 5832: 5822: 5806: 5711: 5702: 5615: 5458: 5446: 5306: 5300: 5171:Alabama Creoles 5091: 5085: 5017: 5011: 4816: 4800: 4795: 4765: 4752: 4736: 4684: 4643: 4592: 4535: 4509: 4461: 4459: 4452: 4422: 4343: 4277: 4167: 4134: 4124: 4119: 4072: 4067: 4066: 4056: 4054: 4041: 4037: 4027: 4025: 4007: 4003: 3990: 3986: 3941: 3937: 3930: 3916: 3912: 3904: 3898: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3872: 3862: 3860: 3859:on 9 April 2006 3847: 3843: 3824: 3820: 3810: 3808: 3801: 3792: 3782: 3780: 3767: 3766: 3759: 3720: 3716: 3706: 3704: 3695: 3694: 3690: 3680: 3678: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3656: 3648: 3644: 3634: 3632: 3620: 3616: 3606: 3604: 3592: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3573: 3571: 3533: 3529: 3475: 3471: 3423: 3419: 3411: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3384: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3357: 3343: 3342: 3338: 3330: 3316: 3315: 3311: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3292: 3291: 3287: 3268: 3264: 3254: 3252: 3244: 3238: 3234: 3211: 3207: 3197: 3195: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3148: 3144: 3134: 3132: 3123: 3122: 3118: 3111: 3094: 3090: 3080: 3078: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3057: 3041: 3037: 3030: 3006: 3002: 2992: 2990: 2977: 2973: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2905:Caras y Caretas 2902: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2882: 2868: 2864: 2854: 2852: 2845: 2838: 2826: 2822: 2812: 2810: 2801: 2800: 2796: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2753: 2752: 2748: 2740: 2734: 2730: 2691: 2687: 2674: 2673: 2666: 2631: 2627: 2620: 2606: 2597: 2584: 2580: 2570: 2568: 2542: 2535: 2525: 2523: 2516: 2497: 2478: 2474: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2438: 2428: 2426: 2418: 2417: 2413: 2403: 2401: 2396: 2395: 2378: 2373: 2352: 2350:Further reading 2347: 2298:Milonga (music) 2277: 2272: 2270: 2263: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2246: 2243: 2234: 2227: 2218: 2211: 2202: 2199: 2190: 2187: 2178: 2175:Caras y Caretas 2171: 2162: 2159: 2150: 2141: 2132: 2129: 2120: 2109: 2100: 2097:Río de la Plata 2090: 2081: 2072: 2063: 2048:Antonio Gonzaga 2038: 2017:Cristian Medina 1975:Sthefany Thomas 1951:Wilson Severino 1933:Miguel Montuori 1927:Santiago Lovell 1905: 1896:Marcos Martínez 1863: 1832:La Mona Jiménez 1726: 1695:Health Minister 1652: 1618:Lorenzo Barcala 1572: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1519: 1513: 1494: 1470: 1468:In Buenos Aires 1465: 1425: 1417:Main articles: 1415: 1391: 1385: 1269: 1251: 1216: 1161: 1084: 1079: 1074: 967: 950:Caras y Caretas 892:, known as the 736:). Nor did the 705: 678:The Proletarian 603:Batallón Castas 581:(19th century). 563: 456:Bantu languages 375: 296:Afro-Argentines 280:Black Jamaicans 272:Black Canadians 264:Black Americans 254: 229: 195: 169: 152: 135: 118: 101: 73: 63: 50: 38: 22: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6155: 6145: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6113: 6103: 6092: 6089: 6088: 6085: 6084: 6082: 6081: 6080: 6079: 6069: 6067:Pan-Africanism 6064: 6059: 6054: 6052:Creole peoples 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6033: 6032: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5986: 5984: 5978: 5977: 5975: 5974: 5969: 5968: 5967: 5956: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5944: 5943: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5924: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5897: 5896: 5888: 5887: 5886: 5881: 5873: 5872: 5871: 5863: 5862: 5861: 5856: 5847: 5845: 5836: 5828: 5827: 5824: 5823: 5821: 5820: 5814: 5812: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5804: 5803: 5802: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5776: 5775: 5770: 5768:Black Dutchmen 5760: 5759: 5758: 5757: 5756: 5743: 5738: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5721: 5715: 5713: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5689: 5688: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5652: 5651: 5646: 5636: 5631: 5625: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5613: 5612: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5584:United Kingdom 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5520: 5519: 5509: 5504: 5503: 5502: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5466: 5464: 5452: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5433: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5386: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5365: 5360: 5359: 5358: 5348: 5343: 5342: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5321: 5316: 5310: 5308: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5235: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5223: 5222: 5217: 5215:Creek freedmen 5212: 5207: 5202: 5188: 5186:Black Hispanic 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5152:United States 5150: 5149: 5148: 5138: 5137: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5095: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5084: 5083: 5082: 5081: 5071: 5066: 5065: 5064: 5057:Miskito people 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5021: 5019: 5013: 5012: 5010: 5009: 5004: 5003: 5002: 4997: 4987: 4986: 4985: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4959: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4938: 4937: 4936: 4931: 4921: 4916: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4888: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4867: 4865:Cayman Islands 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4831: 4829: 4820: 4806: 4802: 4801: 4794: 4793: 4786: 4779: 4771: 4762: 4761: 4758: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4751: 4750: 4744: 4742: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4734: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4715: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4696: 4692: 4690: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4682: 4679: 4674: 4673: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4651: 4649: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4600: 4598: 4594: 4593: 4591: 4590: 4589: 4588: 4583: 4580: 4577: 4572: 4564: 4563: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4543: 4541: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4517: 4515: 4511: 4510: 4508: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4471: 4469: 4462: 4457: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4450: 4445: 4439: 4437: 4430: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4374: 4373: 4368: 4357: 4355: 4349: 4348: 4345: 4344: 4342: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4285: 4283: 4282:Non Indigenous 4279: 4278: 4276: 4275: 4270: 4265: 4260: 4255: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4184: 4182: 4173: 4169: 4168: 4166: 4165: 4160: 4155: 4150: 4144: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4118: 4117: 4110: 4103: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4071: 4070:External links 4068: 4065: 4064: 4035: 4017:(in Spanish). 4001: 3995:, verse 199: " 3984: 3951:(in Spanish). 3935: 3928: 3910: 3896: 3870: 3841: 3818: 3790: 3757: 3730:(1): 164–170. 3714: 3688: 3662: 3642: 3614: 3599:(in Spanish). 3581: 3547:(3): 581–590. 3527: 3469: 3417: 3390: 3363: 3336: 3309: 3285: 3262: 3232: 3205: 3179: 3161: 3142: 3116: 3109: 3099:(4 May 2024). 3088: 3062: 3055: 3035: 3028: 3000: 2981:"Somos negras" 2971: 2949: 2927: 2909: 2903:"Número 373." 2896: 2887: 2880: 2862: 2836: 2820: 2794: 2778: 2762: 2746: 2736:INDEC (2016). 2728: 2701:(3): 315–340. 2685: 2664: 2625: 2618: 2595: 2578: 2552:(in Spanish). 2533: 2495: 2472: 2454: 2445: 2436: 2411: 2375: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2368: 2367: 2360: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2268: 2252: 2249: 2248: 2247: 2244: 2237: 2235: 2228: 2221: 2219: 2212: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2181: 2179: 2172: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2153: 2151: 2142: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2123: 2121: 2110: 2103: 2101: 2091: 2084: 2082: 2073: 2066: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2057: 2051: 2045: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2032: 2026: 2020: 2014: 2008: 2002: 1996: 1990: 1984: 1978: 1972: 1966: 1960: 1954: 1948: 1942: 1936: 1930: 1924: 1918: 1912: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1899: 1893: 1887: 1881: 1862: 1859: 1858: 1857: 1851: 1845: 1839: 1829: 1826:Carmen Platero 1823: 1820:Horacio Salgán 1817: 1811: 1808:Enrique Maciel 1805: 1796: 1793:Carlos Posadas 1790: 1784: 1774: 1771:Manuel Posadas 1768: 1756: 1750: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1720: 1710: 1704: 1701:Pocha Lamadrid 1698: 1691:Ramón Carrillo 1688: 1679: 1670: 1651: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1640: 1639:and legislator 1630: 1624: 1615: 1609: 1603: 1597: 1571: 1568: 1560: 1557: 1545: 1530:José Hernández 1515:Main article: 1512: 1509: 1493: 1490: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1414: 1411: 1387:Main article: 1384: 1381: 1338: 1337: 1327: 1326: 1318: 1315: 1309: 1308: 1300: 1297: 1291: 1290: 1282: 1279: 1273: 1272: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1257: 1250: 1247: 1215: 1212: 1181:Afro-Uruguayan 1160: 1157: 1091:El Tambo Congo 1083: 1080: 1078: 1075: 1073: 1070: 987:Pocha Lamadrid 966: 963: 945:Gente de color 925:non-indigenous 704: 701: 674:Black Democrat 646:Argentine Army 562: 559: 495:Rio de Janeiro 374: 371: 304:Afroargentinos 291: 290: 248: 247: 243: 242: 222: 221: 217: 216: 214:Haitian Creole 188: 187: 183: 182: 179: 166: 165: 162: 149: 148: 145: 132: 131: 128: 115: 114: 111: 98: 97: 86: 85: 81: 80: 57: 56: 52: 51: 48: 40: 39: 30: 20: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6154: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6112: 6104: 6102: 6094: 6093: 6090: 6078: 6075: 6074: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6007: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5979: 5973: 5970: 5966: 5963: 5962: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5949: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5927: 5925: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5895: 5892: 5891: 5890:Sierra Leone 5889: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5864: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5837: 5833:Afro-American 5829: 5819: 5816: 5815: 5813: 5809: 5801: 5798: 5797: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5765: 5764: 5761: 5755: 5752: 5751: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5709: 5705: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5687: 5684: 5683: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5641: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5618: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5518: 5515: 5514: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5501: 5498: 5497: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5457: 5453: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5370: 5369: 5368:French Guiana 5366: 5364: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5303: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5284:Somali Bantus 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5197: 5196: 5192: 5191:Black Indians 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5161:Affrilachians 5159: 5158: 5157: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5142: 5139: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5119:New Brunswick 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5100: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5088: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5063: 5062:Miskito Sambu 5060: 5059: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5031: 5028: 5027: 5026: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5014: 5008: 5005: 5001: 4998: 4996: 4995:Dougla people 4993: 4992: 4991: 4988: 4984: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4943: 4942: 4939: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4886: 4885:Ganga-Longoba 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4872: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4818:Latin America 4814: 4810: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4792: 4787: 4785: 4780: 4778: 4773: 4772: 4769: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4739: 4733:Luxembourgian 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4687: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4657: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4646: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4595: 4587: 4584: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4538: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4522: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4512: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4466: 4463: 4455: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4440: 4438: 4434: 4431: 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3897:987-22203-0-1 3893: 3889: 3882: 3881: 3874: 3858: 3854: 3853: 3845: 3837: 3833: 3829: 3822: 3806: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3764: 3762: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3718: 3702: 3698: 3692: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3655: 3654: 3646: 3631: 3630: 3625: 3618: 3602: 3598: 3591: 3585: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3531: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3473: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3432:PLOS Genetics 3429: 3421: 3410: 3406: 3405: 3400: 3394: 3383: 3379: 3378: 3373: 3367: 3356: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3340: 3329: 3325: 3324: 3319: 3313: 3295: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3266: 3250: 3243: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3209: 3193: 3189: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3165: 3157: 3153: 3146: 3130: 3126: 3120: 3112: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3092: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3058: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3039: 3031: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3012: 3004: 2988: 2987: 2982: 2975: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2953: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2931: 2923: 2919: 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Retrieved 2398:"Censo 2022" 2363: 2356: 2233:for candombe 2174: 2144: 2112: 2092: 2076: 2023:Manuel Armoa 1993:James Parker 1945:Héctor Baley 1884:Rita Montero 1870:Rita Montero 1814:Oscar Alemán 1780: 1762: 1736: 1697:of Argentina 1612:Antonio Ruiz 1600:Domingo Sosa 1582: 1546: 1533: 1527: 1520: 1506: 1495: 1483: 1477: 1455:and 0,7% of 1426: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1377:Ciudad Evita 1361:Buenos Aires 1357: 1349: 1312: 1294: 1276: 1249:Demographics 1242: 1230: 1223: 1217: 1193: 1172: 1168: 1162: 1153:San Baltasar 1145: 1134: 1130:afroporteños 1129: 1123: 1100: 1090: 1063: 1044: 1038: 995: 991: 983: 960: 956: 948: 944: 938: 934: 929: 924: 916: 912: 908: 906: 893: 889: 885: 881: 878: 863: 858: 854: 845:through the 838: 834:eurocentrist 829: 825: 818: 801: 793: 778: 772: 757: 746: 730: 722:Buenos Aires 714: 693:Domingo Sosa 686: 677: 673: 669: 667: 662: 657:The Unionist 656: 654: 650: 619: 610: 602: 584: 554: 499: 484: 449: 434: 419: 396: 351: 332: 307: 295: 294: 283: 275: 267: 259: 235: 209: 201: 109:Buenos Aires 69: 60: 31: 21:Ethnic group 18: 6077:Reparations 6042:Black power 5790:New Zealand 5621:Middle East 5574:Switzerland 5534:Netherlands 5249:Dominickers 5124:Nova Scotia 5042:El Salvador 4973:Saint Lucia 4963:Puerto Rico 4629:Montenegrin 4460:and country 3955:: 181–200. 3863:8 September 3783:23 November 3707:11 November 3635:30 December 3607:30 December 3574:13 February 3505:11336/14301 3215:Confluencia 2813:11 November 2115:, built by 2113:Casa Mínima 2005:Erik Thomas 1861:TV and film 1848:Fidel Nadal 1753:Zenón Rolón 1713:David Leiva 1563:Main page: 1498:stowed away 1264:Population 998:West Africa 754:Middle East 487:slave ships 393:, Argentina 366:Middle East 227:Catholicism 225:Majority: 93:and in the 6126:Categories 6010:Coromantee 5425:Paramaccan 5339:Quilombola 5279:Melungeons 5037:Costa Rica 4946:Coromantee 4670:Portuguese 4624:Macedonian 4560:Lithuanian 4521:Belarusian 4339:Venezuelan 4324:Paraguayan 4180:Indigenous 4158:Senegalese 4057:6 December 4028:6 December 3811:24 October 3681:24 October 3276:Tinta Roja 3255:1 February 3135:1 February 2993:6 December 2571:1 February 2371:References 2029:Lee Aaliya 1622:Civil Wars 1492:In Rosario 1429:Afrikaners 1423:Afrikaners 1352:gene pools 1218:Argentine 1200:Andalusian 921:Cape Verde 894:lightening 732:so-called 587:Granaderos 548:Corrientes 542:and 9% in 491:Valparaíso 452:Cape Verde 320:Argentines 230:Minority: 206:Portuguese 196:Minority: 191:Majority: 5831:Secondary 5795:Sri Lanka 5773:Mardijker 5763:Indonesia 5734:Hong Kong 5729:Guangzhou 5719:Australia 5666:Palestine 5594:Liverpool 5589:Cambridge 5442:Venezuela 5314:Argentina 5069:Nicaragua 5047:Guatemala 4827:Caribbean 4805:Geography 4609:Bulgarian 4597:Southeast 4582:Norwegian 4579:Icelandic 4531:Ukrainian 4490:Hungarian 4458:By region 4443:Mennonite 4413:Taiwanese 4334:Uruguayan 4314:Dominican 4304:Colombian 4299:Brazilian 4268:Tehuelche 4238:Pehuenche 3979:201548870 3971:0211-0547 3773:La Nación 3744:0002-9483 3659:. CICRED. 3569:231911367 2986:Página 12 2723:147668699 2715:0145-5532 2651:1545-2476 2566:2500-6738 2429:27 August 2303:Chacarera 2231:quisanche 1532:'s book, 1457:Rio Negro 1441:Sarmiento 1365:San Telmo 1270:Argentina 1194:payadores 1189:chacarera 1177:Quimbanda 1022:Venezuela 890:whitening 830:trigueños 810:livestock 780:barbarism 759:whitening 742:Argentina 682:socialism 579:Argentina 555:kamba kua 538:, 13% in 534:, 16% in 530:, 20% in 526:, 24% in 522:, 44% in 518:, 44% in 514:, 46% in 510:, 52% in 503:San Telmo 385:, in the 358:Argentina 186:Languages 6101:Category 5951:Asia and 5920:Haitians 5875:Nigeria 5865:Liberia 5835:diaspora 5811:Atlantic 5785:Malaysia 5686:Africans 5604:Scotland 5549:Portugal 5470:Abkhazia 5430:Saramaka 5405:Suriname 5395:Paraguay 5383:Saramaka 5351:Colombia 5329:Kalungas 5259:Garifuna 5195:Freedmen 5146:Mascogos 5079:Cimarrón 5052:Honduras 5030:Garifuna 5000:Merikins 4983:Garifuna 4897:Dominica 4855:Barbados 4835:Anguilla 4813:Americas 4707:Scottish 4698:British 4648:Southern 4634:Romanian 4614:Croatian 4604:Albanian 4550:Estonian 4540:Northern 4475:Austrian 4398:Japanese 4378:Armenian 4366:Lebanese 4329:Peruvian 4294:Bolivian 4289:American 4263:Selk'nam 4203:Diaguita 4172:Americas 3890:. 2005. 3752:15714513 3561:33580820 3514:20059473 3464:26636962 3302:18 April 3227:27923034 2659:25765334 2467:Archived 2424:BBC News 2288:Candombe 2251:See also 2215:candombe 2146:porteños 2117:freedmen 1836:cuarteto 1650:Politics 1570:Military 1235:jugglers 1103:candombe 1082:Candombe 1018:Colombia 978:Holy See 953:) that: 917:criollos 913:criollos 909:morochos 849:and the 847:New Laws 805:Americas 717:genocide 642:militias 544:San Luis 536:San Juan 532:La Rioja 466:and the 436:Asientos 399:conquest 220:Religion 160:Santa Fe 6111:Commons 6072:Slavery 6062:Maroons 5981:Related 5953:Oceania 5911:France 5800:Kaffirs 5712:Oceania 5579:Ukraine 5554:Romania 5524:Ireland 5507:Germany 5490:Finland 5485:Denmark 5480:Belgium 5475:Austria 5437:Uruguay 5415:Matawai 5363:Ecuador 5334:Macombo 5319:Bolivia 5307:America 5129:Ontario 5092:America 5018:America 5016:Central 4941:Jamaica 4929:Marabou 4919:Grenada 4892:Curaçao 4860:Bermuda 4850:Bahamas 4702:English 4695:Belgian 4689:Western 4681:Maltese 4677:Italian 4660:Spanish 4639:Serbian 4586:Swedish 4575:Finnish 4566:Nordic 4555:Latvian 4546:Baltic 4526:Russian 4514:Eastern 4500:Slovene 4468:Central 4418:Turkish 4393:Israeli 4383:Chinese 4319:Mexican 4309:Chilean 4273:Teushen 4258:Quilmes 4253:Quechua 4233:Nivaclé 4223:Mapuche 4208:Guaraní 4198:Capayán 4148:Angolan 3522:5908692 3455:4670080 3198:14 June 3129:NEA Hoy 3081:11 July 2404:8 March 2400:. INDEC 2061:Gallery 1781:payador 1764:payador 1738:payador 1486:Senegal 1369:La Boca 1317:302,936 1299:149,493 1289:36.82% 1226:porteña 1185:milonga 1173:milonga 1137:milonga 1057:in the 1030:Ecuador 1010:Uruguay 1002:Senegal 965:Present 855:señoras 839:Indians 726:Uruguay 595:Guaraní 552:Guarani 528:Mendoza 520:Córdoba 409:of the 318:), are 312:Spanish 300:Spanish 232:Sunnism 193:Spanish 143:Córdoba 113:128,804 70:302,936 34:Spanish 6030:Yoruba 5983:topics 5960:Israel 5905:Europe 5850:Ghana 5843:Africa 5681:Turkey 5656:Jordan 5639:Israel 5599:London 5569:Sweden 5559:Russia 5544:Poland 5539:Norway 5517:Blacks 5512:Greece 5495:France 5461:Blacks 5456:Europe 5420:Ndyuka 5410:Kwinti 5390:Guyana 5378:Ndyuka 5356:Raizal 5324:Brazil 5289:Yoruba 5274:Lumbee 5254:Fulani 5232:Gullah 5141:Mexico 5099:Canada 5074:Panama 5025:Belize 4934:Marron 4907:Cocolo 4724:French 4665:Basque 4655:Iberic 4570:Danish 4495:Polish 4485:German 4448:Jewish 4428:Europe 4403:Korean 4388:Indian 4371:Syrian 4228:Mocoví 4213:Huarpe 4188:Abipón 4140:Africa 4021:(60). 3977: 3969: 3926: 3894: 3750: 3742: 3567: 3559: 3520: 3512: 3462: 3452: 3225: 3107: 3053: 3026: 2878: 2855:14 May 2721: 2713: 2657: 2649: 2616: 2564: 2560:: 48. 2526:14 May 2093:Quinta 2077:dorado 1903:Sports 1540:gaucho 1511:Racism 1453:Chubut 1437:Chubut 1325:0.66% 1307:0.37% 1281:68,465 1243:Corsos 1239:stilts 1231:corsos 1224:Murga 1169:tangos 1107:Angola 1046:rabona 1024:, the 1014:Brazil 886:indios 882:negros 826:pardos 822:Africa 750:Europe 672:, the 591:pardos 575:Rivera 571:lancer 480:Brazil 472:Yoruba 462:, the 460:Angola 362:Europe 288:Others 284:· 282: 276:· 274: 268:· 266: 260:· 258: 236:· 234: 210:· 208: 202:· 200: 181:10,632 164:16,560 147:18,366 130:40,670 6025:Tikar 6020:Kongo 5972:Japan 5859:Tabom 5780:Japan 5749:Siddi 5724:China 5698:Yemen 5676:Syria 5609:Wales 5564:Spain 5529:Italy 5500:Paris 5373:Aluku 5346:Chile 5305:South 5264:Igbos 5090:North 4951:Igbos 4924:Haiti 4875:Arará 4845:Aruba 4729:Irish 4719:Dutch 4712:Welsh 4619:Greek 4505:Swiss 4480:Czech 4218:Kolla 4193:Chané 4050:Télam 3975:S2CID 3905:(PDF) 3888:INADI 3884:(PDF) 3657:(PDF) 3601:INADI 3593:(PDF) 3565:S2CID 3518:S2CID 3412:(XLS) 3404:INDEC 3385:(XLS) 3377:INDEC 3358:(XLS) 3350:INDEC 3331:(XLS) 3323:INDEC 3297:(PDF) 3245:(PDF) 3223:JSTOR 2940:INDEC 2741:(PDF) 2719:S2CID 2655:JSTOR 2556:(2). 2492:: 13. 2293:Tango 2036:Other 1523:Spain 1433:Boers 1373:Merlo 1333:INDEC 1261:Year 1220:murga 1214:Murga 1204:trovo 1165:tango 1159:Tango 1141:tango 1111:Kongo 1077:Music 1034:Haiti 859:doñas 573:from 516:Salta 286: 278: 270: 262: 238: 212: 204: 198:Wolof 177:Salta 6015:Igbo 5884:Saro 5708:Asia 5661:Oman 5634:Iraq 5629:Iran 5400:Peru 4870:Cuba 4361:Arab 4353:Asia 4243:Poya 4059:2022 4030:2022 3967:ISSN 3924:ISBN 3892:ISBN 3865:2006 3813:2016 3785:2016 3748:PMID 3740:ISSN 3709:2008 3683:2016 3637:2022 3609:2022 3576:2021 3557:PMID 3510:PMID 3460:PMID 3304:2024 3257:2023 3200:2020 3137:2023 3105:ISBN 3083:2021 3051:ISBN 3024:ISBN 2995:2022 2876:ISBN 2857:2021 2815:2009 2711:ISSN 2647:ISSN 2614:ISBN 2573:2023 2562:ISSN 2528:2021 2431:2021 2406:2024 2111:The 1421:and 1375:and 1367:and 1313:2022 1295:2010 1277:1778 1268:% of 1187:and 1064:The 1049:and 1043:, a 1032:and 1006:Peru 884:and 828:and 812:and 752:and 691:and 676:and 493:and 474:and 364:and 5710:and 4741:All 4248:Qom 3957:doi 3732:doi 3728:128 3549:doi 3545:296 3500:hdl 3492:doi 3450:PMC 3440:doi 3016:doi 2703:doi 1036:). 911:or 857:or 476:Ewe 6128:: 4047:. 4019:16 4013:. 3973:. 3965:. 3953:46 3947:. 3834:. 3830:. 3793:^ 3760:^ 3746:. 3738:. 3726:. 3626:. 3595:. 3563:. 3555:. 3543:. 3539:. 3516:. 3508:. 3498:. 3488:74 3486:. 3482:. 3458:. 3448:. 3436:11 3434:. 3430:. 3274:. 3247:. 3219:20 3217:. 3190:. 3172:. 3156:27 3154:. 3127:. 3073:. 3022:. 2983:. 2839:^ 2717:. 2709:. 2699:13 2697:. 2678:. 2667:^ 2653:. 2641:. 2637:. 2598:^ 2548:. 2536:^ 2498:^ 2484:. 2465:. 2422:. 2379:^ 1735:, 1237:, 1061:. 1028:, 1020:, 1008:, 783:. 762:. 744:. 617:. 577:, 482:. 389:, 314:: 302:: 5463:) 5459:( 5193:/ 4815:/ 4790:e 4783:t 4776:v 4114:e 4107:t 4100:v 4061:. 4032:. 3999:" 3981:. 3959:: 3932:. 3867:. 3838:. 3815:. 3787:. 3754:. 3734:: 3711:. 3685:. 3639:. 3611:. 3578:. 3551:: 3524:. 3502:: 3494:: 3466:. 3442:: 3306:. 3259:. 3229:. 3202:. 3176:. 3158:. 3139:. 3113:. 3085:. 3059:. 3032:. 3018:: 2997:. 2884:. 2859:. 2817:. 2743:. 2725:. 2705:: 2682:. 2661:. 2643:9 2622:. 2593:. 2575:. 2554:5 2530:. 2433:. 2408:. 2177:. 2080:. 1431:( 1335:. 980:. 880:( 310:( 298:( 36:)

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