106:
in August 1228, when the sultan was preparing to dispossess al-Nāṣir. At this time, al-Kāmil may have recognized al-ʿAzīz as autonomous in Banyas. Thereafter, he would cease to owe his position to the ruler of
Damascus. Already by 1226, al-ʿAzīz had begun to call himself
159:
48:
142:
90:. He killed or captured some seventy horsemen in one of the few military actions of the crusade. Later that year, he entered a conspiracy to seize
128:
refused to hand it over. This betrayal did not cause a permanent rift. In 1230, al-ʿAzīz joined al-Ashraf's army that defeated the
63:, he protested unsuccessfully that he was able to defend the city. After al-Muʿaẓẓam dismantled all of his fortresses west of the
158:(20 June 1233). He was succeeded in Banyas by his eldest son, al-Ẓāhir Ghāzī, who soon died and was succeeded by a younger son,
338:
125:
99:
51:, he was left in charge of al-Muʿaẓẓam's Syrian principality when the latter went to join the Sultan
121:
68:
134:
117:
98:. Failing that, he attempted to take the town by siege until ordered to desist by his nephew,
138:
102:. This caused a rift between the two and al-ʿAzīz joined al-Kāmil with the army of Banyas at
333:
67:, he gave the territory to al-ʿAzīz ʿUthmān. This included the former crusader castles of
8:
60:
44:
343:
86:, in February or March 1228, al-ʿAzīz ʿUthmān ambushed a group of crusaders near
39:
150:
327:
87:
83:
56:
155:
130:
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52:
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From
Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193–1260
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Al-ʿAzīz ʿUthmān died not long after this last campaign, on 10
109:
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27:
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72:
208:
292:
280:
232:
268:
256:
244:
196:
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120:, al-ʿAzīz ʿUthmān acquired Baalbek. Following the
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141:on 9 August. He was also present at the brief
33:Al-ʿAzīz ʿUthmān was a younger son of Sultan
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298:
286:
274:
262:
250:
238:
226:
214:
202:
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16:Ayyubid ruler of Banyas from 1218 to 1233
59:. When al-Muʿaẓẓam decided to raze the
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319:. State University of New York Press.
124:in June 1229, however, his brother
13:
14:
355:
47:, perhaps in 1218. In 1219, with
308:
315:Humphreys, R. Stephen (1977).
37:. He was granted Banyas as an
1:
43:(fief) by his elder brother,
20:Al-ʿAzīz ʿUthmān ibn al-ʿĀdil
22:(died 20 June 1233) was the
7:
339:13th-century Ayyubid rulers
30:from 1218 until his death.
10:
360:
118:negotiations that followed
229:, pp. 223 and 451n.
165:
139:battle of Yasi-chimen
113:in his inscriptions.
55:in Egypt against the
217:, p. 194–196.
61:walls of Jerusalem
122:siege of Damascus
49:ʿIzz al-Dīn Aybak
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320:
302:
296:
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241:, p. 472n.
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12:
11:
5:
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322:
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307:
304:
303:
301:, p. 223.
299:Humphreys 1977
291:
289:, p. 222.
287:Humphreys 1977
279:
277:, p. 219.
275:Humphreys 1977
267:
265:, p. 207.
263:Humphreys 1977
255:
253:, p. 199.
251:Humphreys 1977
243:
239:Humphreys 1977
231:
227:Humphreys 1977
219:
215:Humphreys 1977
207:
205:, p. 186.
203:Humphreys 1977
195:
193:, p. 164.
191:Humphreys 1977
183:
181:, p. 144.
179:Humphreys 1977
170:
169:
167:
164:
160:al-Ṣaʿīd Ḥasan
143:siege of Amida
100:al-Nāṣir Dāʾūd
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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84:Sixth Crusade
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57:Fifth Crusade
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309:Bibliography
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135:Jalāl al-Dīn
131:Khwarazmshah
129:
115:
108:
81:
73:Chastel Neuf
65:Jordan River
38:
32:
19:
18:
334:1233 deaths
96:Bahrām Shāh
82:During the
45:al-Muʿaẓẓam
328:Categories
35:al-ʿĀdil I
145:in 1232.
126:al-Ashraf
110:al-sultan
26:ruler of
69:Beaufort
53:al-Kāmil
151:Ramaḍān
137:at the
116:In the
92:Baalbek
24:Ayyubid
344:Banias
104:Nablus
28:Banyas
166:Notes
94:from
77:Toron
40:iqṭāʿ
154:630
88:Tyre
75:and
330::
162:.
156:AH
79:.
71:,
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