40:
823:
Haram). While the exact early history of this term is unclear, we know that it only became common in
Ottoman times, when administrative order was established over all matters pertaining to the organization of the Muslim faith and the supervision of the holy places, for which the Ottomans took financial and architectural responsibility. Before the Ottomans, the space was usually called al-masjid al-aqsa (the Farthest Mosque), a term now reserved to the covered congregational space on the Haram, or masjid bayt al-maqdis (Mosque of the Holy City) or, even, like Mecca's sanctuary,
512:
150:
340:
607:
1251:
Die ganze
Mauerstrecke am Klageplatz der Juden bis südlich an die Wohnung des Abu Su'ud und nördlich an die Substructionen der Mechkemeh wird von den Arabern Obrâk genannt, nicht, wie früher behauptet worden, eine Corruption des Wortes Ibri (Hebräer), sondern einfach die neu-arabische Aussprache von
822:
According to historian Oleg Grabar, "It is only at a relatively late date that the Muslim holy space in
Jerusalem came to be referred to as al-haram al-sharif (literally, the Noble Sacred Precinct or Restricted Enclosure, often translated as the Noble Sanctuary and usually simply referred to as the
410:
Then he brought the Buraq, handsome-faced and bridled, a tall, white beast, bigger than the donkey but smaller than the mule. He could place his hooves at the farthest boundary of his gaze. He had long ears. Whenever he faced a mountain his hind legs would extend, and whenever he went downhill his
555:
wrote: "The Arabs call Obrâk the entire length of the wall at the wailing place of the Jews, southwards down to the house of Abu Su'ud and northwards up to the substructure of the
Mechkemeh . Obrâk is not, as was formerly claimed, a corruption of the word Ibri (Hebrews), but simply the neo-Arabic
502:
It is evident from the copy of the record of the deliberations of the
Consultative Council in Jerusalem that the place the Jews asked for permission to pave adjoins the wall of the Haram al-Sharif and also the spot where the Buraq was tethered, and is included in the endowment charter of
153:
1539-43 illustration of the Mi'raj from the Khamsa, probably created by the court painter Sultan
Muhammad, showing Chinese-influenced clouds and angels. This version was created for the Persian Shah Tahmasp
645:(Arabic: البُراق) is a 323-kilometre-long (201 mi) high-speed rail service between Casablanca and Tangier operated by ONCF in Morocco. The first of its kind on the African continent, and the fastest.
479:, have suggested places where Buraq was supposedly tethered in stories, mostly locations near the southwest corner of the Haram. However, for several centuries the preferred location has been the
439:
has
Gabriel address the creature as a female, and it was often rendered by painters and sculptors with a woman's head. The idea that "al-Buraq" is simply a divine mare is also noted in the book
422:, no-one has ridden you in all creation more dear to Allah than he is." Hearing this he was so ashamed that he sweated until he became soaked, and he stood still so that the Prophet mounted him.
183:"lightning/emitted lightning" or various general meanings stemming from the verb: "to beam, flash, gleam, glimmer, glisten, glitter, radiate, shimmer, shine, sparkle, twinkle". According to
1369:
299:
to offer prayers, initially fifty times a day. At the urging of Moses, Muhammad returned to God several times before eventually reducing the number of prayer-sessions to five.
559:
The name Hosh al Buraq appeared on the maps of Wilson's 1865 survey, its revised editions in 1876 and 1900, and other maps in the early 20th century. In 1922, the official
556:
pronunciation of Bōrâk, ... which, whilst (Muhammad) was at prayer at the holy rock, is said to have been tethered by him inside the wall location mentioned above."
507:, may God bless his memory; that the Jews never carried out any repairs in that place in the past. ... Therefore the Jews must not be enabled to pave the place.
259:
After reaching
Jerusalem, Muhammad descended from the Buraq and prayed on the site of the Temple. He mounted the Buraq again as the creature ascended to the
498:
When a
British Jew asked the Egyptian authorities in 1840 for permission to re-pave the ground in front of the Western Wall, the governor of Syria wrote:
374:
art. This may have originated from an interpretation of the creature being described with a "beautiful face" as the face being human instead of bestial.
1067:
566:
The association of the
Western Wall area with Buraq has played an important role in disputes over the holy places since the British mandate.
1106:
495:. Because of the proximity to the Western Wall, the area next to the wall has been associated with Buraq at least since the 19th century.
1252:
Bōrâk, welches und von ihm während seines Gebetes am heiligen Felsen im Innern der angegebenen Mauerstelle angebunden worden sein soll.
411:
front legs would extend. He had two wings on his thighs which lent strength to his legs. He bucked when Muhammad came to mount him. The
228:
took place in 621 CE - ten years after Muhammad announced his prophethood. Muhammad had been in Mecca at the home of his cousin,
1083:
393:
was brought to me ... The animal's step (was so wide that it) reached the farthest point within the reach of the animal's sight.
585:) - "the Buraq Wall", for on the other side (the Muslim side of the Wailing Wall on the Temple Mount) is where it is believed
1166:
1039:
240:, the Archangel Jibrīl (Gabriel) appeared to him bringing the Buraq, which carried Muhammad, in the archangel's company, to
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in 1865, reported that the street leading to the Western Wall, including the part alongside the wall, belonged to the
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In the earlier descriptions there is no agreement as to the sex of the Buraq. It is typically male, yet
295:. God communicated with him, giving him words and instructions, and most importantly the commandment to
700:
1407:
1315:
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657:
47:
17:
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476:
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1224:
Account of a Survey of the City of Jerusalem made in order to ascertain the names of streets etc
958:
212:, the word can be etymologically associated both with a "riding animal" and the "morning star".
185:
1417:
1319:
523:
160:
31:
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871:
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tied the Buraq, the riding animal upon which he rode during the Night of Ascension (Arabic:
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8:
532:
487:. The mosque sits above an ancient passageway that once came out through the long-sealed
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272:
1278:
1274:
1031:
Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis
776:
484:
118:
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Female Divinity in the Qur'an In Conversation with the Bible and the Ancient Near East
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Although the Hadith do not explicitly refer to the Buraq as having a human face,
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1372:(Lion and Buraq decorate the coat of arms of Aceh in the Draft Regulation)
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Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship: Holy Places, Ceremonies, Pilgrimage
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1234:(Facsimile ed.). Ariel Publishing House (published 1980). Appendix.
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and back by night. The Buraq is also said to have transported certain
801:
661:
649:
443:, in the chapter "The Open Court", and in the title-page vignette of
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put his hand on his mane and said: "Are you not ashamed, O Buraq? By
359:
339:
308:
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165:
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1268:(Facsimile ed.). Ariel Publishing House (published 1980). maps.
110:-like creature in Islamic tradition that served as the mount of the
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682:
642:
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586:
366:
almost always portrays it so - a portrayal that found its way into
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44:
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745:
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138:
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Council of the Pro-Jerusalem Society (1924). C. R. Ashby (ed.).
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The Buraq Wall (circled in orange) facing the Al-Buraq Mosque
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95:
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Singa dan Burak menghiasi lambang Aceh dalam rancangan Qanun
606:
1193:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 541–542.
727:
694:
598:). The wall links to the structure of the Al-Buraq Mosque.
386:
51:
50:
Buraq sculpture. The sculpture incorporates the indigenous
717:
Transport company is named Boraq Paribahan (বোরাক পরিবহন).
331:
to see his family there and take him back in the evening.
244:("the furthest mosque") - traditionally held to be at the
89:
77:
954:"Hadith v. as Influenced by Iranian Ideas and Practices"
406:
Another excerpt describes the Buraq in greater detail:
1247:
Das Haram von Jerusalem und der Tempelplatz des Moria
98:
1211:. London: The Islamic Cultural Centre. Appendix III.
997:"Jerusalem: The Three Religions of the Temple Mount"
730:, Indonesia has adopted the image of a Buraq on the
327:
but the Buraq would transport him in the morning to
92:
86:
80:
522:, charged with compiling a list of place names for
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1186:
430:, The Prophet's Night Journey and Heavenly Ascent
1389:
311:, the Buraq transported Abraham when he visited
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141:over long distances within a moment's duration.
1092:, translated by Gibril Fouad Haddad, chapter 2
1086:The Prophet's Night Journey and Heavenly Ascent
690:. Both are named for their speed and reflexes.
483:, just inside the wall at the south end of the
1313:
1221:
385:Then a white animal which was smaller than a
1206:
1184:
590:
491:whose huge lintel remains visible below the
1101:
319:. Tradition states that Abraham lived with
1209:The Islamic Pious Foundations in Jerusalem
994:
648:Two airlines have been named after Buraq:
291:one by one until he reached the throne of
1180:
1178:
1027:
970:
1244:
869:
605:
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338:
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38:
1264:Captain Charles W. Wilson R.E. (1865).
1230:Captain Charles W. Wilson R.E. (1865).
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1146:
14:
1390:
1175:
1124:
467:Various scholars and writers, such as
1154:
1143:
548:". In 1866, the Prussian Consul and
172:to be a derivative and adjective of
1316:""Western Wall" or "Wailing Wall"?"
1249:(in German). Gotha. pp. 9–10.
873:Heavenly Journeys, Earthly Concerns
734:in the proposed Aceh official seal.
686:is a character in short stories by
591:
582:
189:, "Boraq" is the Arabized form of "
177:
67:
27:Mythical beast in Islamic tradition
24:
1314:Halkin, Hillel (12 January 2001).
1303:. London: John Murray. p. 27.
903:
724:petrol company is named Buraq Oil.
664:, which ceased operations in 2006.
601:
25:
1434:
1383:
975:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 17.
377:An excerpt from a translation of
1125:Grabar, Oleg (30 October 2006).
912:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John;
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926:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_24366
870:Vuckovic, Brooke Olson (2004).
849:"Buraq (Mindanao, Philippines)"
573:(or Western Wall) is known as "
563:specified it as a street name.
456:
164:, referring to the writings of
106:"lightning") is a supernatural
1129:. Belknap Press. p. 214.
1021:
1002:. stanford.edu. Archived from
988:
979:
964:
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920:(3rd ed.). Brill Online.
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863:
841:
816:
773:(similar winged bull creature)
236:. While he was resting at the
13:
1:
834:
804:(similar winged cow creature)
450:Palestine in Picture and Word
216:Journey to the Seventh Heaven
1266:Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem
1232:Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem
528:Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem
263:, where he successively met
144:
7:
1398:Islamic legendary creatures
1034:. SUNY Press. p. 117.
738:
201:, 'a riding beast, mount' (
10:
1439:
1413:Mythological human hybrids
1028:Firestone, Reuven (1990).
710:was named after the Buraq.
701:armoured personnel carrier
460:
302:
29:
1161:. BRILL. pp. 101–2.
1080:Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki
971:El-Badawi, Emran (2024).
876:. Routledge. p. 48.
658:Bouraq Indonesia Airlines
428:Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki
334:
809:
761:Elijah's chariot of fire
252:and identified with the
1222:Carl Sandrecki (1865).
477:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi
230:Fakhitah bint Abi Talib
1320:Jewish Virtual Library
1287:George Adam Smith 1915
918:Encyclopaedia of Islam
639:is a common male name.
619:
610:19th century toy from
524:Charles William Wilson
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509:
433:
404:
355:
232:, when he went to the
161:Encyclopaedia of Islam
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55:
32:Buraq (disambiguation)
1207:A. L. Tibawi (1978).
1185:F. E. Peters (1985).
1155:Elad, Amikam (1995).
904:Gruber, Christane J.
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561:Pro-Jerusalem Council
536:(court/enclosure) of
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500:
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1127:The Dome of the Rock
985:Grabar 2000, p. 203.
959:Encyclopædia Iranica
756:Denglong (mythology)
441:The Dome of the Rock
186:Encyclopædia Iranica
168:(d.1405), considers
30:For other uses, see
1403:Islamic eschatology
1376:, 19 November 2012.
1301:Jerusalem 1920-1922
399:Muhammad al-Bukhari
129:and up through the
1423:Horses in religion
1283:Karl Baedeker 1912
1279:August Kümmel 1904
908:. In Fleet, Kate;
851:. 10 November 2013
825:al-masjid al-ḥarâm
777:Merkabah mysticism
703:is named after it.
620:
517:
485:Western Wall Plaza
401:, Sahih al-Bukhari
389:and bigger than a
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156:
56:
1351:on 15 August 2018
1245:G. Rosen (1866).
1205:. Arabic text in
1168:978-90-04-10010-7
1108:Painting in Islam
1041:978-0-7914-0331-0
583:حَائِطُ ٱلْبُرَاق
569:For Muslims, the
381:describes Buraq:
242:al-masjid al-aqṣá
222:Islamic tradition
208:)". According to
16:(Redirected from
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1408:Animals in Islam
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575:Ḥā’iṭu ’l-Burāq
520:Carl Sandreczki
481:al-Buraq Mosque
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568:
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457:Western Wall
448:
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241:
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1271:Wilson 1876
1103:T.W. Arnold
1013:13 November
715:Bangladeshi
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553:Georg Rosen
550:Orientalist
445:Georg Ebers
364:Persian art
117:during his
1392:Categories
1374:Atjeh Post
1047:25 October
906:"al-Burāq"
889:25 October
835:References
792:Tetramorph
631:and other
612:Kondapalli
505:Abu Madyan
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1345:Buraq Oil
1325:5 October
1226:. Day IV.
1189:Jerusalem
934:1873-9830
802:Kamadhenu
722:Malaysian
674:'s novel
662:Indonesia
650:Buraq Air
618:, a buraq
360:Near East
354:elements.
309:Ibn Ishaq
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166:Al-Damiri
145:Etymology
127:Jerusalem
69:الْبُرَاق
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1068:5:58:227
939:14 April
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739:See also
683:El Borak
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629:Pakistan
592:مِعْرَاج
587:Muhammad
538:al Burâk
437:Ibn Sa'd
425:—
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170:al-burāq
137:such as
135:prophets
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1355:22 June
855:8 March
782:Pegasus
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540:, "not
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297:Muslims
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475:, and
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368:Indian
335:Hadith
325:Canaan
273:Joseph
224:, the
174:Arabic
64:Arabic
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810:Notes
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281:Aaron
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1327:2008
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