al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah

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in this major institution of learning which served the Ismaili da'wa (mission) until the downfall of the Fatimid dynasty. For more than 100 years, Dār al-ʿIlm distinguished itself as a center of learning where astronomers, mathematicians, grammarians, logicians, physicians, philologists, jurists and others conducted research, gave lectures and collaborated. All were welcomed, and it remained unfettered by political pressures or partisan influences.

6264: 1536: 1919:"the one trusted in the empire". This was the first time that the term "empire" was associated with the Fatimid state. Ibn Ammar's rule quickly descended into a Berber tyranny: he immediately began staffing the government with Berbers, who engaged in a virtual pillaging of the state coffers. The Berbers' attempts to exclude the other interest groups from power—not only the Turks and the other ethnic contingents of the army, but also the civilian 5807: 1148: 1083: 1667:

ruler, divinely ordained and chosen, whose every action was just and righteous, were to persist, the one among his enemies and those who rebelled against him, and the other in the hearts of true believers, who, while perhaps perplexed by events, nonetheless remained avidly loyal to him to the end." Appraisals of the more controversial accounts of al-Hakim's life and rule have earned him such monikers as "the

5696: 1799: 1962:. After Bajarwan's murder on 26 March 1000, however, Caliph al-Hakim assumed the reins of government and launched a purge of the Fatimid elites, during which Ibn Ammar and many of the other Kutama leaders were executed. To ensure his own power, Hakim limited the authority and terms of office of his wasitas and viziers, of whom there were more than 15 during the remaining 20 years of his caliphate. 2081:. In addition, because of al-Hakim's alleged Christian mother, he was accused of being over-sympathetic to non-Muslims, giving them more privileges than they should have been given under Islamic rule. Such accusations were manifested through poetry criticizing the Fatimids. Qadir also commissioned several refutations of Ismaili doctrines, including those written by the 1853:"I found him with nothing on his body but rags and bandages. I kissed him, and he pressed me to his bosom, exclaiming: "How I grieve for thee, beloved of my heart," and tears flowed from his eyes. He then said: "Go, my master, and play, for I am well." I obeyed and began to amuse myself with sports such as are usual with boys, and soon after God took him to himself. 2229:"His eccentric character, the inconsistencies and radical shifts in his conduct and policies, the extreme austerity of his personal life, the vindictive and sanguinary ruthlessness of his dealing with the highest officials of his government coupled with an obsession to suppress all signs of corruption and immorality in public life, his attempted annihilation of 1971: 2635:, celebrated annually at the church during the Easter Vigil. The chronicler Yahia noted that "only those things that were too difficult to demolish were spared." Processions were prohibited, and a few years later all of the convents and churches in Palestine were said to have been destroyed or confiscated. It was only in 1042 that the 2322:, restored the then-dilapidated mosque, using new building methods and materials while maintaining as many of the architectural and artistic features as possible. Their attempts received strong criticism from some academics, conservators, and art historians who saw the effort as constructing "a new building" rather than restoration. 2354:

were taught at the Dār al-ʿIlm, which was equipped with a vast library. During his rule, al-Hakim provided paper, ink, pens and inkstands free of charge to all those who studied there Access to education was made available to the public and many Fatimid da'is received at least part of their training

1862:

On the following day, he and his new court proceeded from Bilbays to Cairo, behind the camel bearing his father's body, and with the dead Caliph's feet protruding from the litter. They arrived shortly before evening prayer and his father was buried the next evening next to the tomb of his predecessor

2714:

Amīna Ruqayya, daughter to the late prince Abd Allah, son of al-Mu'izz. Some see her as the same as the woman in the prediction reported by al-Hamidi which held "that in 390/1000 al-Hakim would choose an orphan girl of good stock brought up his father al-Aziz and that she would become the mother of

2259:

attempts to dispel "those distorted and hostile accounts, stating that the anti-Fatimid tradition tried to make a real monster of this caliph", while P.J. Vatikiotis writes that, " persecution of Christians and Jews and the legislation enacted for that purpose between 1004 and 1020 seem to have been

2249:

religion, all combine to contrast his reign sharply with that of any of his predecessors and successors and indeed of any Muslim ruler.... The question is to what extent his conduct can be explained as rationally motivated and conditioned by the circumstances rather than as the inscrutable workings

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then hastened to me, and seeing me on the top of a sycamore tree, exclaimed: "Come down, my boy; may God protect you and us all." When I descended he placed on my head the turban adorned with jewels, kissed the ground before me, and said: "Hail to the Commander of the faithful, with the mercy of God

2204:

pointing out that the term is also used due to the dramatic difference between al-Hakim and his predecessors and successors and also points out that such persecution is an extreme rarity in Islam during this era. "In his capital of Cairo, this unbalanced (and, in the view of most, mad) caliph raged

1874:

Because it had been unclear whether he would inherit his father's position, this successful transfer of power was a demonstration of the stability of the Fatimid dynasty. Al-Hakim's father had intended the eunuch Barjawan to act as regent until al-Hakim was old enough to rule by himself. Ibn 'Ammar

1666:

Histories of al-Hakim can prove controversial, as diverse views of his life and legacy exist. Historian Paul Walker writes "Ultimately, both views of him, the mad and despotic tyrant (like Germanic and Roman despots) irrationally given to killing those around him on a whim, and the ideal supreme

2187:

In Western literature he has been referred to as the "Mad Caliph". This title is largely due to his erratic and oppressive behavior concerning religious minorities under his command, as historian Hunt Janin relates: al-Hakim "was known as the 'Mad Caliph' because of his many cruelties and

2254:

The claim that al-Hakim was mad and the version of events around him is disputed as mere propaganda by some scholars, such as Willi Frischaue, who states: "His enemies called him the 'Mad Caliph' but he enhanced Cairo's reputation as a centre of civilization." The writing of historian

2205:

against the Christians in particular.... On the whole such episodes remained exceptional, like the episodes of forced conversion to Islam." Historian Michael Foss also notes this contrast: "For more than three hundred and fifty years, from the time when the Caliph

2213:

until 1009, when mad al-Hakim began attacks on Christians and Jews, the city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land were open to the West, with an easy welcome and the way there was no more dangerous than a journey from Paris to Rome.... Soon the panic was over. In 1037

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as his father's successor as imam-caliph. The heir al-Hakim had designated was removed from court and al-Mulk was appointed regent for her 16-year-old nephew. After al-Zahir came of age, al-Mulk assumed positions within his administration until her death in 1023.

2715:

his successor." While the chronicler al-Maqrizi claims that al-Hakim's stepsister Sitt al-Mulk was hostile to Amīna, other sources say she gave her and her child refuge when they were fleeing al-Hakim's persecution. Some sources say al-Hakim married the

2657:

became more tolerant toward the Jews and Christians and hostile toward the Sunnis. Ironically he developed a particularly hostile attitude with regard to the Muslim Shiites. It was during this period, in the year 1017, that the unique religion of the

2626:

From 1007 to 1012 "there was a notably tolerant attitude toward the Sunnis and less zeal for Shiite Islam, while the attitude with regard to the 'People of the Book' was hostile." On 18 October 1009, al-Hakim ordered the destruction of the

2274:

Al-Hakim maintained a keen interest in the organization and operation of the Fatimid Ismaili da'wa (preaching) centred in Cairo. Under his reign it was systematically intensified outside the Fatimid dominions, especially in

1768:

in the inner surface of a bowl and bade her wash her son out of it. When al-Ḥākim recovered, she demanded the release of the sage in gratitude. Her request was granted and the sage and his associates were freed from prison.

2379:

Ismaili doctrines and reserved exclusively for initiates, now became organized so as to be accessible to different categories of participants. Al-Hakim himself often attended these sessions which were held at the

2040:

movement, a religious sect that deified al-Hakim as God manifest, began to form. Members of that sect were reported to address prayers to al-Hakim, whom they regarded as "a manifestation of God in His unity."

2593:"turban", both in black. In addition, Jews must wear a wooden calf necklace and Christians a heavy iron cross. In the public baths, Jews must replace the calf with a bell. In addition, women of the 1784:

union served the doctrinal purpose of reinforcing the charisma genealogically transmitted with the "holy family", thereby enhancing the political and doctrinal status they bestow upon al-Hakim.

2682:, there are claims that al-Hakim believed in his own divinity. Other scholars disagree with this assertion of direct divinity, particularly the Druze themselves, noting that its proponent was 1764:

recounts that in 981, al-Ḥākim's Muslim mother sought the aid of an imprisoned Islamic sage named ibn al-Washa and asked him to pray for her son who had fallen ill. The sage wrote the entire

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included outlawing entrance to a public bath with uncovered loins, forbidding women from appearing in public with their faces uncovered, and closing many clubs and places of entertainment.

2116:

Al-Hakim upheld diplomatic relations between the Fatimid Empire and many different countries. Skillful diplomacy was needed in establishing friendly, or at least neutral relations with the

3622: 2295:, the most accomplished Ismaili theologian-philosopher of the entire Fatimid period. The activities of Kirmani and other da'is soon led to concrete results in Iraq: in 1010 the ruler of 2653:

Al-Hakim ultimately allowed the unwilling Christian and Jewish converts to Islam to return to their faith and rebuild their ruined houses of worship. Indeed, from 1012 to 1021 al-Hakim

1748:, one of the most famous women in Islamic history, who had a stormy relationship with her half-brother al-Ḥākim and may have had him assassinated. Some, such as the Crusader chronicler 2388:

is still used by the Druze, Nizari and Taiyabi Ismailis as the name of the building in which their religious assembly and worship is carried, often abbreviated as Majlis (session).

2425:

is considered the founder of the Druze and the primary author of the Druze manuscripts, he proclaimed that God had become human and taken the form of man, al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah.

2515:) were Nasibi who "are the hypocrites for whom hatred of ʿAlī is their religion...They don't just hate ʿAlī, but they worship Allah and seek closeness to Him by hating ʿAlī." 2307:

of Hakim. The 16th Fatimid imam, caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah (996–1021) ordered his da'i, Harun ibn Muhammad in Yemen, to give decisions in light of Da'a'im al-Islam only.

1943:, whom Ibn Falah dismissed and replaced with his own brother. Jaysh and Barjawan gathered a following of other dissatisfied Berber leaders, and launched an uprising in 2159:

and withdrew for meditation regularly. On the night of 12/13 February 1021 at the age of 35, al-Hakim left for one of his regular nocturnal meditation journeys to the

1902: 1780:

t is more likely that this woman was in fact a wife of al-Hakim, rather than his mother. It could be argued that the Druzes' emphasis on al-Hakim's descent from an

6111: 2495:- the compatriots of Muhammad in the way of Islam." This was in accordance with Shia practice, as laid out by Muslim scholar Ayatollah Haydari: "the followers of 2597:

had to wear two different coloured shoes, one red and one black. These remained in place until 1014 and were thematised and protested by the Arab Christian poet

1996:

of 1011, in which the Abbāsids claimed that the line al-Ḥākim represented did not legitimately descend from 'Alī. His diplomatic and missionary vehicle was the

6329: 6211: 4819: 1935:, and invited him to march onto Egypt and depose Ibn Ammar. Manjutakin accepted, but was defeated by Ibn Ammar's troops under Sulayman ibn Ja'far ibn Falah at 1858:

and his blessing." He then led me out in that attire and showed me to all the people, who kissed the ground before me and saluted me with the title of Khalif."

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He would allow women to attend the house of knowledge to study so they could teach other women and their children, learning a wide range of subjects from

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As one prominent journal has noted, al-Hakim has attracted the interest of modern historians more than any other member of the Fatimid dynasty because:

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may have had a hand in his disappearance, but no historic evidence has emerged that would implicate her. Al-Mulk would lead moves to declare her nephew

4664: 1837:(which was held by the Fatimids only by force of arms and was under pressure from the Byzantines). The Caliph fell ill at the beginning of the trip at 2143:

gifts from his ruling Caliph, al-Hakim. This reestablished diplomatic relations between Egypt and China that had been lost during the collapse of the

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According to the religious scholar Nissim Dana, al-Hakim's relationship with other monotheistic religions can be divided into three separate stages.

1421: 2722:

Besides al-Zahir, al-Hakim had a daughter named Sitt Misr (d. 455/1063) who was said to be a princess of generous patronage and a noble character.

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of the Melkite Church by Caliph al-'Azīz. Different sources say either one of her brothers or her father was sent by al-'Azīz as an ambassador to

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adopted retaliatory measures to halt the spread of Ismailism within the very seat of his realm. In particular, in 1011 he assembled a number of

5883: 2371:) were established in Cairo. Hakim provided financial support and endowments for these educational activities. The private 'wisdom sessions' ( 2631:

and its associated buildings, apparently outraged by what he regarded as the fraud practiced by the monks in the "miraculous" Descent of the

4783: 2988: 2518:

After only two years of posting the curses, al-Hakim ended the practice. During this era, al-Hakim ordered that the inclusion of the phrase

5231: 2480:, for denying the caliphate to Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law ʿAlī, who according to Shia beliefs, was the rightful prophetic successor. 2093:

Hakim confronted numerous difficulties and uprisings during his relatively long reign. While he did not lose any important territories in

5218: 5214: 1841:

and lay in sickbed for several days. He suffered from "stone with pains in the bowels." When he felt that his end was nearing he charged

2233:

and call for the systematic destruction of all Christian holy places in the middle east culminating in the destruction of the most holy

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Damas et la Syrie sous la domination fatimide (359-468/969-1076): essai d'interprétation de chroniques arabes médiévales. Tome premier

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scholars at his court and commanded them to declare in a written document that Hakim and his predecessors lacked genuine descent from

2024:

Al-Hakim's reign was characterized by a general unrest. The Fatimid army was troubled by a rivalry between two opposing factions, the

5965: 4546: 1756:

was also the mother of Caliph al-Ḥākim, though most historians dismiss this. William of Tyre went so far as to claim that al-Ḥākim's

1389: 3335: 5486: 1760:

in 1009 was due to his eagerness to disprove taunts that he was a Christian born of a Christian woman. By contrast, the chronicler

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The Rise of the Fatimids: The World of the Mediterranean and the Middle East in the Fourth Century of the Hijra, Tenth Century CE

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also remained hostile. On the other hand, Hakim's Syrian policy was successful as he managed to extend Fatimid hegemony to the

2078: 1882:

Berbers seized the chance to recover their dominant position in the state, which had eroded under al-Aziz due to the influx of

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and taken prisoner. Barjawan however soon found a new ally, in the person of the Kutama leader Jaysh ibn Samsam, governor of

655: 355: 5970: 5481: 5338: 4236: 1398: 278: 2957: 2167:

but failed to return. A search found only his horse and bloodstained garments. His disappearance has remained a mystery.

1111: 2719:(young female servant) known by the title as-Sayyidah but historians are unsure if this is just another name for Amīna. 1958:

while taking care of the Kutama as well. In this vein, he pardoned Ibn Ammar and restored him his monthly salary of 500

5945: 5699: 5451: 4867: 4843: 4788: 3729: 3460: 3024: 1683:, Abu 'Ali al-Mansur was the first Fatimid ruler to have been born in Egypt. Abu 'Ali al-Mansur had been proclaimed as 742: 4839: 4650: 4309: 4186: 4161: 4129: 4095: 4061: 4024: 3862: 3789: 3435: 3383: 3185: 2569: 6344: 6319: 4418: 2608:

Following contemporary Shiite thinking, during this period al-Hakim also issued many other restrictive ordinances (

2530:"come to the best of deeds" should be said after the summons was made. He further forbade the use of two prayers – 2336:

In the area of education and learning, one of Hakim's most important contributions was the founding in 1005 of the

715: 5791: 1204: 2731: 1849:

to take care of al-Ḥākim, who was then only eleven. He then spoke to his son. Al-Ḥākim later recalled the event:

1566: 6334: 5476: 4720: 4596: 4516: 4478: 4257: 4206: 3702: 3545: 3516: 3487: 2511:

refused to do so). The Shia hold that Muʿawiyah and all of the Umayyad caliphs (with the possible exception of

2197: 2175: 972: 660: 97: 1905:(who was executed shortly after) and appoint their leader Ibn Ammar to head the government, with the title of 6184: 5633: 5461: 5011: 4885: 4856: 4539: 836: 690: 620: 6010: 5446: 4778: 4695: 4571: 2628: 2445:

al-Hakim "behaved like the Shiite khalifs, who he succeeded, exhibiting a hostile attitude with respect to

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Muslim Architecture: From the Advent of Islam in Arabia to the Rise of the Great Ummayad Khilafat in Spain

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movement and this claim was an attempt to gain support from the Caliph, who instead found it heretical.

2441:

From 996 to 1006 when most of the executive functions of the Khalif were performed by his advisors, the

2314:

begun by his father. Commonly known as "Hākim's Mosque", over time it fell into ruin. In the 1970s, the

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According to historian Nissîm Dānā, al-Hakim ordered that "curses were registered against the warrior

1954:

During his predominance, Barjawan managed to balance the two factions, fulfilling the demands of the

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Noble, Samuel (17 December 2010). "Sulayman al-Ghazzi". In Thomas, David; Mallett, Alexander (eds.).

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Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle and Self-expression - Page 95 by Mordechai Nisan

957: 918: 720: 460: 439: 423: 61: 22: 1776:'s sons and therefore al-'Azīz's niece. Historians such as Delia Cortese are critical of this claim: 6324: 5753: 5441: 5183: 4532: 3753:

The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status - Page 41 by Nissim Dana

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The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century

3819: 2422: 2210: 1104: 952: 913: 650: 625: 65: 6128: 6106: 6005: 5995: 5831: 5199: 5071: 5016: 4896: 4833: 4735: 4611: 4156:. Historical dictionaries of peoples and cultures. Vol. 3. Maryland USA: Scarecrow Press. 1619: 1592: 1519: 1430: 1266: 982: 573: 365: 350: 3127: 3114: 3041: 2508: 47: 6231: 5960: 5716: 5604: 5399: 5256: 5066: 4937: 4890: 4872: 4119: 4085: 4051: 3835:

Robert Ousterhout, "Rebuilding the Temple: Constantine Monomachus and the Holy Sepulchre" in

3100: 3086: 2796: 2381: 1915:"secretary of state" was also combined within that office. Ibn 'Ammar then took the title of 1644: 871: 447: 4400: 4014: 6304: 6248: 6015: 5826: 5659: 5544: 5466: 5404: 5382: 5081: 5076: 5056: 4991: 4955: 4933: 4905: 2916: 2774: 2744: 2564:) to both Muslims and non-Muslims alike. This produced a hardship for both Christians (who 2319: 2292: 1773: 1504: 1321: 1271: 1019: 796: 630: 593: 523: 513: 335: 3952:

L'Eurasie autour de l'an 1000. Cultures, religions et sociétés d'un monde en développement

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The World's Greatest Religious Leaders: How Religious Figures Helped Shape World History

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undertook to reconstruct the Holy Sepulchre with the permission of al-Hakim's successor.

2291:. Foremost among the Fatimid da'is of this period operating in the eastern provinces was 2215: 1631: 1559: 1444: 1031: 977: 695: 680: 3974: 2735: 2077:

was read out in Friday mosques throughout the 'Abbasid domains accusing the Fatimids of

1812:

Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the

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Palestine Across Millennia: A History of Literacy, Learning and Educational Revolutions

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eccentricities"; his persecution of Christians is seen as a contributing factor to the

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In 1005, al-Hakim ordered a public posting of curses against the first three Caliphs (

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Lev, Yaacov (1987). "Army, Regime, and Society in Fatimid Egypt, 358–487/968–1094".

3623:"Islamic Cairo imagined: from a historical city slum to a time machine for tourism?" 2342:(House of Knowledge) in Cairo. A wide range of subjects ranging from the Qur'an and 1147: 6194: 6151: 6061: 5776: 5241: 5171: 5161: 5131: 5051: 4950: 4918: 4861: 4700: 4576: 4380: 4352: 4222: 3955: 3854: 3674: 2874: 2767: 2756: 2117: 1940: 1875:

and Qadi Muhammad ibn Nu'man were to assist in the guardianship of the new caliph.

1772:

Druze sources claim that al-Ḥākim's mother was the daughter of 'Abdu l-Lāh, one of

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The novel "The Sleeper in the Sands" by the English author and popular historian

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In the final years of his reign, al-Hakim displayed a growing inclination toward

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Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. 11, pp. 572–573, ed. Ehsan Yarshater, New York, 2003

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Ismail K. Poonawala. "Review - The Fatimids and Their Traditions of Learning".

2760: 2642: 2602: 2201: 2025: 1907: 1898:, "Easterners"). They compelled the underage al-Hakim to dismiss the Christian 1883: 1692: 1552: 1469: 1355: 1130: 986: 962: 888: 777: 762: 685: 468: 195: 87: 4356: 3809: 3536:

People of the First Crusade: The Truth About the Christian-Muslim War Revealed

2965: 1695:(975–996) at the age of eleven, on 14 October 996, with the caliphal title of 1514: 298: 6293: 6243: 6226: 6216: 5836: 5426: 5375: 5347: 5343: 5313: 5266: 5127: 5121: 4913: 4506: 3996: 3607: 2953: 2688: 2453:' – Jews and Christians – was one of relative tolerance, in exchange for the 2315: 1834: 1684: 1509: 1252: 1167: 1053: 934: 893: 883: 767: 747: 665: 605: 454: 360: 293: 288: 244: 119: 2196:

in Jerusalem in 1009. The church was reconstructed by his son and successor

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in AD 1008. It was on this mission that he sought to present to the Chinese

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Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan's hatred for Imam Ali- Seyyid Kamal Haydari ENG SUBS

2707: 2526:, be stopped – he saw it as a Sunni addition. In its place he ordered that 2171: 2144: 2124: 2123:

The geographically farthest-reaching diplomatic mission of al-Hakim was to

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in October 997. Ibn Ammar was forced to flee, and Barjawan replaced him as

1927:, but alarmed Barjawan as well. Barjawan contacted the Fatimid governor of 1761: 1745: 1717: 1087: 826: 700: 473: 345: 308: 4016:

The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status

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Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Volume 2 (900-1050)

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The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status

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not be said (as it was promoted by ʿAlī) and ordered people to curse him (

2287:

and influential tribal chiefs with whose support they aimed to uproot the

2192:, as he not only forbade pilgrimage to the Holy Land but also ordered the 2012:

He founded the House of knowledge in 1004AD which competed with Baghdad’s

670: 5919: 5771: 5766: 5599: 5562: 5540: 5514: 5431: 5261: 2738:(1808–1855) who recounted his version of it ("Histoire du Calife Hakem": 2523: 2503:'." The Shia maintain that out of hatred for ʿAlī, Muʿawiyah ordered the 2496: 2446: 2283:. In Iraq, the da'is now concentrated their efforts on a number of local 1920: 1656: 1603: 1350: 1316: 1195: 1190: 1062: 1044: 1026: 806: 610: 504: 499: 4053:

Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle and Self-expression

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The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith

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375). His father, caliph al-'Azīz bil-Lāh, had two consorts. One was an

1699:. Al-Ḥākim is reported to have had blue eyes flecked with reddish gold. 6206: 5365: 5251: 4486: 4291: 3073:. Pakistan Institute of Arts and Design of Book-Production. p. 51. 2694: 2546:

In 1004 al-Hakim decreed that the Christians could no longer celebrate

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Alarmed by the expansion of the Fatimid dominion, the 'Abbasid caliph

6189: 5950: 5846: 5786: 5189: 5151: 4880: 4813: 3218: 3171: 2683: 2662:

began to develop as an independent religion based on the revelation (

2636: 2632: 2418: 2351: 2269: 2238: 1989: 1887: 1765: 1734: 1375: 1257: 1181: 559: 273: 3851:

Arab Dress: A Short History - From the Dawn of Islam to Modern Times

3668: 1911:("intermediary") rather than full vizier. At the time the office of 6263: 6078: 5179: 5135: 5041: 5001: 4928: 4924: 4850: 4745: 4740: 4621: 4616: 3831: 3829: 2961: 2878: 2504: 2477: 2461: 2376: 2288: 2189: 2160: 2136: 2132: 2050: 1936: 1928: 1864: 1854: 1535: 996: 705: 583: 544: 131: 4524: 6041: 5796: 5292: 5117: 5101: 5096: 5091: 4986: 4755: 4631: 2777:

contains another fictional adaptation of the figure of al-Hakim.

2639: 2512: 2492: 2242: 2128: 2070: 2062: 2054: 2029: 2016:

and eventually surpassed it, becoming the number 1 in the world.

1997: 1985: 1981: 1891: 1838: 1730: 1641: 1637: 1218: 1035: 843: 757: 737: 563: 529: 385: 318: 303: 213: 180: 3826: 3453:

The Unforgettable Queens of Islam: Succession, Authority, Gender

2692:. Letters show that ad-Darazi was trying to gain control of the 1833:

In 996, al-Ḥākim's father Caliph al-'Azīz began a trip to visit

1798: 6056: 5841: 5781: 5695: 5552: 5287: 5246: 5165: 5086: 3402:

Neighboring Faiths: A Christian Introduction to World Religions

2610: 2585: 2551: 2469: 2343: 2280: 2102: 1899: 1879: 1738: 1652: 1213: 821: 340: 4201:

The Prisoner of Al-Hakim. Clifton, NJ: Blue Dome Press, 2017.

2538:

as they were believed to have been formulated by Sunni sages.

2491:, and against others in the inner circle of Muhammad from the 6073: 6051: 6046: 5739: 5574: 5416: 5370: 5333: 5193: 5021: 4389:. Lahore: Orientalia Publishers – via books.google.com. 3592:. Northolt, Middlesex, United Kingdom: Aljamea-tus-Saifiyah. 2664: 2659: 2473: 2454: 2414: 2408: 2392: 2296: 2246: 2164: 2098: 2058: 2037: 2006: 2001: 1944: 1680: 1660: 1138: 732: 710: 400: 395: 390: 328: 313: 268: 237: 219: 115: 2245:

missionaries who became the forerunners and founders of the

6083: 6036: 4252:. The Medieval Mediterranean. Vol. 30. Leiden: Brill. 3849:

Stillman, Yedida Kalfon (2000). Stillman, Norman A. (ed.).

2560:) and even other intoxicating drinks not made from grapes ( 2465: 2300: 2284: 2276: 2206: 1970: 1965: 1842: 1668: 1648: 1647:(996–1021). Al-Hakim is an important figure in a number of 410: 405: 216: 3249: 3237: 3039: 2770:'s posthumously published short story "Hawks over Egypt". 2730:

The story of al-Hakim's life inspired (presumably through

2686:, who (according to some resources) al-Hakim executed for 2575:

In 1005, al-Hakim ordered that Jews and Christians follow

2170:

Modern historians have assessed whether al-Hakim's sister

2120:, which had expansionary goals in the early 11th century. 2032:. Tension grew between the Caliph and his viziers (called 4297:

Die Kalifen von Kairo: Die Fatimiden in Ägypten, 973–1074

3569: 3293: 3291: 3266: 3264: 2363:

Hakim made the education of the Ismailis and the Fatimid

2066: 1980:

Al-Hakim's most rigorous and consistent opponent was the

1602:; 13 August 985 – 13 February 1021), better known by his 878: 5708: 3972: 1636:'The Ruler by the Order of God'), was the sixth 3129:

Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia

3019:. The American University in Cairo Press. p. 352. 3948:"Droit et messianisme chez les Fatimides de l'an 1000" 3837:

The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians

3479:

The Pursuit of Learning in the Islamic World, 610–2003

3288: 3276: 3261: 3225: 3033: 18:

6th Fatimid caliph (r. 996–1021) and 16th Ismaili Imam

4302:

The Caliphs of Cairo: The Fatimids in Egypt, 973–1074

1624: 1597: 4231:(in French). Damascus: Institut français de Damas. 2934: 2893: 2413:Al-Hakim is a central figure in the history of the 2005:"Mission", with its organizational power center in 3853:. Themes in Islamic Studies. Vol. 2. Boston: 3533: 3504: 3125: 2421:proclaimed him as the incarnation of God in 1018. 2367:s a priority; in his time various study sessions ( 2182: 5986:1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus 3376:Cultural flow between China and the outside world 3333: 3101:The First Crusade: A New History, Thomas Asbridge 2579:"the law of differentiation" – in this case, the 2127:China. The Fatimid Egyptian sea captain known as 2097:, the Ismaili communities there were attacked by 1867:, a "white eunuch whom al-'Azīz had appointed as 1422:1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus 6291: 3560: 3507:Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice 3205: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3197: 2837: 2766:A fictional version of al-Hakim is presented in 2522:"prayer is preferable to sleep", which followed 2318:, an Ismaili Shia sect, under the leadership of 2105:jurists. Relations between the Fatimids and the 1810:about al-Hakim's role in the murder of Barjawan. 4046: 3110: 3108: 3082: 3080: 3066: 3017:Caliph of Cairo: Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, 996-??? 2864: 2428: 2194:demolishing of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre 2150: 1758:destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre 4083: 3502: 3342:. Institute of Ismaili Studies. Archived from 3172:Delia Cortese and Simonetta Calderini (2006). 2759:, which recounts the ten-year imprisonment of 1923:, whose salary was cut—alienated not only the 1651:Ismaili sects, such as the world's 15 million 5724: 4658: 4540: 4117: 3720:Hendrix, Scott; Okeja, Uchenna, eds. (2018). 3657:Maqrizi, 1853–54, 1995; Halm, 1997, pp. 71–78 3194: 2952: 2019: 1744:Al-'Azīzah is considered to be the mother of 1560: 1105: 4672: 4345:International Journal of Middle East Studies 4273:The Ismāʿı̄lı̄s: Their History and Doctrines 3719: 3531: 3174:Women and the Fatimids in the World of Islam 3105: 3077: 3014: 2986: 1733:Christian whose two brothers were appointed 36: 4121:Druze and Jews in Israel: A Shared Destiny? 4012: 3884:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 122–123. 3779: 3620: 3373: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3361: 3209: 3119: 3096: 3094: 3040:Jerome Murphy-O'Connor (23 February 2012). 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2218:came to an amicable agreement with Emperor 55:of al-Hakim minted in 391 AH (1000/1001 CE) 5731: 5717: 4665: 4651: 4547: 4533: 4379: 3803: 3801: 3703:"Cairo's House of Knowledge - AramcoWorld" 3575: 3475: 3455:. Cambridge University Press. p. 16. 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3149: 2241:, his deification by a group of extremist 1567: 1553: 1112: 1098: 46: 6330:Fatimid people of the Arab–Byzantine wars 5966:1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze 5232:Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Baghdadi 4276:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3839:, Vol. 48, No. 1 (March, 1989), pp. 66–78 3679:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195311730.001.0001 2310:In 1013 he completed the construction of 2263: 1390:1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze 21:For other people with the same name, see 4221: 3848: 3630:Building Peace by Intercultural Dialogue 3587: 3358: 3215:A Short History of the Fatimid Khalifate 3091: 2867:Journal of the American Oriental Society 2851: 2417:religious sect, whose eponymous founder 2044: 1988:, which sought to halt the influence of 1969: 1966:External rivals & House of Knowledge 171:Abu 'Ali al-Mansur al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh 4318: 4304:] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. 4266: 4181:. Kirkland WA, USA: ISES Publications. 3945: 3877: 3871: 3798: 3775: 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3430:. New York: Caravan Books. p. 25. 3425: 3398: 3316: 3282: 3270: 3255: 3243: 3146: 2541: 2036:s), and near the end of his reign, the 6292: 4170: 3822:from the original on 12 December 2021. 3666: 3590:al-Jāmiʻ al-Anwar: The Luminous Masjid 3554: 3311:Faith and Power: The Politics of Islam 2449:Muslims, whereas the attitude toward ' 2260:a policy with a justifiable purpose." 5712: 5665:Muhammad ibn Hani al-Andalusi al-Azdi 4646: 4528: 4245: 4179:The Druzes: an annotated bibliography 4176: 4151: 4124:. Sussex Academic Press. p. 12. 3911: 3905: 3450: 3399:Corduan, Winfried (4 February 2013). 3334:Dr Farhad Daftary (19 October 2011). 2940: 2899: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2358: 2325: 1691:) in 993 CE and succeeded his father 4328:(Second ed.). Harlow: Longman. 4290: 4019:. Sussex Academic Press. p. 3. 3756: 3667:Virani, Shafique N. (1 April 2007). 3378:. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press. 2905: 2701: 2570:used it in their religious festivals 2554:. He also outlawed the use of wine ( 1863:al-Mu'īzz. Al-Ḥākim was sworn in by 1792: 4554: 4342: 4154:Historical dictionary of the Druzes 4145: 3297: 3231: 3043:Keys to Jerusalem: Collected Essays 2911: 1845:Muhammad ibn an-Nu'man and General 1614: 1587: 997:ʿAbd al-Majīd al-Ḥāfiz li-Dīn Allāh 37: 13: 4511:14 October 996 – 12 February 1021 4473:14 October 996 – 12 February 1021 2824: 2566:used wine in their religious rites 2101:fighters led by their influential 2088: 14: 6356: 4394: 3973:Sir Thomas Walker Arnold (1896). 3878:Masalha, Nur (24 February 2022). 2303:and other towns acknowledged the 2085:'Ali b. Sa'id al-Istakri (1013). 1707:Al-Ḥākim was born on Thursday, 3 1671:of Egypt", and "the Mad Caliph". 79:14 October 996 – 13 February 1021 6274: 6273: 6262: 5971:Druze Power Struggle (1658–1667) 5805: 5694: 3808:Ayatollah Seyyid Kamal Haydari. 2725: 2621: 1847:Abū Muhammad al-Hasan ibn 'Ammar 1797: 1534: 1399:Druze Power Struggle (1658–1667) 1146: 1081: 973:ʿAlī al-Ẓāhir li-iʿzāz Dīn Allāh 252: 5492:al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi 4195: 4111: 4077: 4040: 4006: 3990: 3985:thomas walker arnold preaching. 3979:. A. Constable and co. p. 3966: 3939: 3842: 3747: 3738: 3713: 3695: 3670:The Ismailis in the Middle Ages 3660: 3651: 3614: 3581: 3563:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 3525: 3496: 3482:. McFarland & Company Inc. 3469: 3444: 3419: 3392: 3303: 3060: 2987:Sara Elkamel (24 August 2010). 2732:Antoine Isaac Silvestre de Sacy 2648: 2436: 2183:Sobriquet in Western literature 1721:who is only known by the title 914:Muhammad ibn Ismāʿīl ash-Shākir 129:13 February 1021 (aged 35) 5946:Kisrawan campaigns (1292–1305) 5482:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub 5477:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi 3565:. Vol. 37–3. p. 280. 3511:. Princeton University Press. 3008: 2980: 2946: 2802:List of people who disappeared 2706:The mother of al-Hakim's heir 2499:say 'O Allah curse all of the 1992:. This competition led to the 992:Manṣūr al-Āmir bi-Aḥkām’il-Lāh 983:Nizār al-Muṣṭafā li-Dīn’il-Lāh 1: 6340:Missing person cases in Egypt 6185:Abu Mohammad Jawad Walieddine 5634:Minbar of the Ibrahimi Mosque 4886:Hilalian invasion of Ifriqiya 4846:Qarmatian invasions (971–974) 4779:Conquest of Aghlabid Ifriqiya 4406:Institute of Ismaili Studies: 2964:Weekly Online. Archived from 2817: 909:Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar al-Mubārak 6315:11th-century Fatimid caliphs 6310:10th-century Fatimid caliphs 6011:Druze in Mandatory Palestine 5447:Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi 4951:End of the Fatimid Caliphate 3426:Makarim, Sami Nasib (1974). 3313:, Vintage Books, 1982, p. 49 2589:"belt" (Greek ζωνάριον) and 2429:Interreligious relationships 2151:Disappearance and succession 1788: 1674: 968:Manṣūr al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh 958:Maʿad al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh 943:ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdī bi'l-Lāh 7: 5991:Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate 5437:Ali ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani 4946:Crusader invasions of Egypt 4721:al-Zahir li-i'zaz Din Allah 4517:al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah 4479:al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah 4386:The Fatimid Theory of State 3918:. BRILL. pp. 618–622. 3673:. Oxford University Press. 3126:Phyllis G. Jestice (2004). 3046:. OUP Oxford. p. 245. 2780: 2751:He is a major character in 2740:History of the Caliph Hakem 2176:al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah 1659:, in addition to 2 million 1625: 1598: 978:Maʿad al-Mustanṣir bi'l-Lāh 98:al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah 10: 6361: 5803: 5615:Mashhad of Sayyida Ruqayya 5462:Ja'far ibn Mansur al-Yaman 5237:Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Tamimi 5012:Ali ibn Ahmad al-Jarjara'i 4215: 3178:Edinburgh University Press 2520:as-salāh khayr min an-nawm 2406: 2329: 2267: 2235:Church of the Resurrection 2163:hills on the outskirts of 2020:Internal unrest and groups 1702: 987:Aḥmad al-Mustāʿlī bi'l-Lāh 691:Hassan Ala Zikrihi's Salam 20: 6257: 6175: 6139: 6097: 6029: 5933: 5907: 5876: 5855: 5814: 5746: 5738: 5692: 5655:Ali ibn Muhammad al-Iyadi 5647: 5539: 5532: 5505: 5415: 5358: 5321: 5312: 5275: 5213: 5110: 5027:Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan 4975: 4966: 4873:Bedouin alliance uprising 4771: 4681: 4562: 4513: 4500: 4492: 4485: 4475: 4466: 4458: 4453: 4426: 4381:Vatikiotis, Panayiotis J. 4357:10.1017/S0020743800056762 4090:. Footprint. p. 96. 4056:. McFarland. p. 95. 3946:Tillier, Mathieu (2022). 3784:. Sussex Academic Press. 3561:Wilferd Madelung (2013). 3132:. ABC-CLIO. p. 341. 2842:. Bodley Head. p. ?. 2838:Willi Frischauer (1970). 2528:ḥayyi ʿalā khayr al-ʿamal 1723:as-Sayyidah al-'Azīziyyah 721:Nasir al-Din Nasir Hunzai 209: 205:as-Sayyidah al-'Azīziyyah 201: 191: 179: 170: 165: 161: 142: 138: 125: 107: 103: 93: 83: 75: 60: 45: 32: 23:Al-Hakim (disambiguation) 5832:Bahā'a ad-Dīn al-Muqtana 4001:Islam: the Straight Path 3724:. ABC-CLIO. p. 11. 3067:Ahmed (Sheikh.) (1974). 2807:Lists of rulers of Egypt 2753:The Prisoner of Al-Hakim 2742:) as an appendix to his 2668:) of al-Hakim as divine. 2402: 2141:emperor Zhenzong of Song 1729:(d. 385/995). She was a 6345:Sons of Fatimid caliphs 6320:Druze religious leaders 5951:Tanukh (Buhtur) dynasty 5925:Ziyarat Al Nabi Shu'ayb 5648:Literature and learning 5639:Shrine of Husayn's Head 5558:Great Mosque of Mahdiya 5497:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani 5472:Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani 4826:Conquest of Egypt (969) 4411:19 October 2018 at the 4246:Brett, Michael (2001). 4084:Cherine Badawi (2004). 3503:Michael Bonner (2006). 3336:"al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah" 2787:Family tree of Muhammad 2763:under al-Hakim's rule. 2676:was the Caliph's chief 2672:While it is clear that 2423:Hamza ibn Ali ibn Ahmad 2209:made a treaty with the 1376:Tanukh (Buhtur) dynasty 963:Nizār al-ʿAzīz biʾllāh, 616:ibn al-Fadl al-Jayshani 6112:Maronite-Druze dualism 6107:Christianity and Druze 5996:Hauran Druze Rebellion 5627:Al-Salih Tala'i Mosque 5359:Branches and offshoots 5072:Abbas ibn Abi al-Futuh 5017:Abu Muhammad al-Yazuri 4751:al-Fa'iz bi-Nasr Allah 4736:al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah 4706:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah 4415:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah. 4118:Zeidan Atashi (1997). 3451:Haeri, Shahla (2020). 3405:. InterVarsity Press. 2670: 2264:al-Hakim and Ismailism 2252: 1977: 1860: 1808:is missing information 1786: 1774:al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah 1520:Christianity and Druze 1431:Hauran Druze Rebellion 1267:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana 134:, Cairo, Fatimid Egypt 6335:Founders of religions 6232:List of Israeli Druze 5961:Mount Lebanon Emirate 5822:Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah 5605:Fatimid Great Palaces 5442:Abu Abdallah al-Shi'i 5257:Anushtakin al-Dizbari 5067:al-Adil ibn al-Sallar 5062:al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi 4891:Mustansirite Hardship 4830:Expansion into Syria 4801:2nd invasion of Egypt 4795:1st invasion of Egypt 4746:al-Zafir bi-Amr Allah 4741:al-Hafiz li-Din Allah 4716:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah 4696:al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah 4428:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah 4419:al-Hakim bi Amr Allah 3960:10.2307/jj.1357315.11 3632:: 225. Archived from 3540:. Arcade Publishing. 3532:Michael Foss (1997). 3015:Walker, Paul (2010). 2797:List of Ismaili imams 2755:by American novelist 2655: 2227: 2045:The Baghdad Manifesto 1973: 1890:mercenaries from the 1851: 1778: 1697:al-Hakim Bi-Amr Allah 1655:and 1–2 million 1626:al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh 1607:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah 1244:Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah 1001:Abu'l-Qāsim al-Tayyib 676:Queen Arwa al-Sulayhi 611:ibn Faraj ibn Ḥawshab 33:al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah 6249:Persecution of Druze 6212:Druze Arabic dialect 6016:Jaysh al-Muwahhideen 5827:Al-Sayyid al-Tanukhi 5057:Ridwan ibn Walakhshi 4956:Battle of the Blacks 4756:al-Adid li-Din Allah 4177:Swayd, Samy (1998). 4152:Swayd, Sami (2006). 4013:Nissim Dana (2003). 3780:Nissim Dana (2003). 3639:on 15 September 2018 3374:Shen, Fuwei (1996). 2956:(10 December 2009). 2921:Encyclopædia Iranica 2917:"ḤĀKEM BE-AMR-ALLĀH" 2745:Voyage to the Orient 2734:) the French author 2542:Religious minorities 2320:Mohammed Burhanuddin 2293:Hamid al-Din Kirmani 2211:Patriarch Sophronius 1505:Persecution of Druze 937:(ar-Raḍī ʿAbd Allāh) 797:Palace of Queen Arwa 631:Abu Tahir al-Jannabi 626:Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi 594:Nizari Ismaili state 6269:Religion portal 6202:Alam al-Din dynasty 5792:Seven Durzi pillars 5675:al-Azhar University 5037:al-Afdal Shahanshah 4868:Muffarij b. Daghfal 4820:Conquest of Morocco 4807:2nd Sicilian revolt 4789:1st Sicilian revolt 4726:al-Mustansir Billah 3707:www.aramcoworld.com 3476:Hunt Janin (2005). 3346:on 11 November 2014 3300:, pp. 345–346. 3258:, pp. 327–328. 3246:, pp. 186–187. 3234:, pp. 344–346. 2958:"The crazed caliph" 2509:Saʿd ibn Abi Waqqas 2250:of an insane mind." 2135:pilgrimage site in 1541:Religion portal 1445:Jaysh al-Muwahhidin 1205:Seven Druze pillars 696:Rashid ad-Din Sinan 621:ibn Mansur al-Yaman 6089:Salman the Persian 6021:Qalb Loze massacre 5976:Battle of Ain Dara 5863:Epistles of Wisdom 5847:Muhammad al-Darazī 5680:House of Knowledge 5047:Hasan ibn al-Hafiz 4731:al-Musta'li Billah 3309:Mortimer, Edward, 2599:Sulayman al-Ghazzi 2595:People of the Book 2451:People of the Book 2359:Sessions of Wisdom 2332:House of Knowledge 2326:House of Knowledge 1978: 1903:'Īsa ibn Nestorius 1878:Nevertheless, the 1679:Born in 985 CE in 1599:Abū ʿAlī al-Manṣūr 1450:Qalb Loze massacre 1408:Battle of Ain Dara 1292:Epistles of Wisdom 1058:Mufaddal Saifuddin 929:(al-Taqī Muhammad) 853:House of Knowledge 743:Nizārī strongholds 474:Atba-i-Malak Bohra 6287: 6286: 6140:Druze communities 6124:Judaism and Druze 6098:Relationship with 6001:Jabal Druze State 5981:1838 Druze Revolt 5915:Al-Khidr Festival 5894:Khalwat al-Bayada 5815:Important figures 5706: 5705: 5688: 5687: 5660:al-Qadi al-Nu'man 5528: 5527: 5520:Baghdad Manifesto 5467:al-Qadi al-Nu'man 5452:Abu Hatim al-Razi 5308: 5307: 5147:Sharifs of Medina 5082:Ruzzik ibn Tala'i 5077:Tala'i ibn Ruzzik 4992:Ya'qub ibn Killis 4927:and accession of 4674:Fatimid Caliphate 4640: 4639: 4523: 4522: 4514:Succeeded by 4487:Shia Islam titles 4476:Succeeded by 4335:978-0-582-40525-7 4283:978-0-521-37019-6 4223:Bianquis, Thierry 3925:978-90-04-21618-1 3891:978-0-7556-4296-0 3688:978-0-19-531173-0 3621:Susanna Myllylä. 3599:978-1-5262-0503-2 3588:Saifiyah (2016). 3412:978-0-8308-7197-1 3139:978-1-57607-355-1 3053:978-0-19-964202-1 2994:Egypt Independent 2792:List of Egyptians 2702:Consort and issue 2489:Umayyad Caliphate 2487:, founder of the 2312:al-Jāmiʻ al-Anwar 2200:, with historian 2111:emirate of Aleppo 2075:Baghdad Manifesto 2073:. This so-called 1994:Baghdad Manifesto 1831: 1830: 1635: 1623: 1596: 1580:Abu Ali al-Mansur 1577: 1576: 1515:Religious symbols 1463:Druze communities 1436:Jabal Druze State 1413:1838 Druze Revolt 1322:Shrine of Shu'ayb 1232:Important figures 1122: 1121: 1049:Haatim Zakiyuddin 1013:Incumbent leaders 848:Baghdad Manifesto 802:Queen Arwa Mosque 569:Fatimid Caliphate 225: 224: 175: 174: 70:Fatimid Caliphate 6352: 6277: 6276: 6267: 6266: 6195:Sultan al-Atrash 6062:John the Baptist 5867:Rasa'il al-Hikma 5809: 5733: 5726: 5719: 5710: 5709: 5698: 5537: 5536: 5319: 5318: 5142:Sharifs of Mecca 5111:Vassal dynasties 5052:Bahram al-Armani 4973: 4972: 4919:Siege of Ascalon 4701:al-Mansur Billah 4667: 4660: 4653: 4644: 4643: 4549: 4542: 4535: 4526: 4525: 4493:Preceded by 4459:Preceded by 4449: 4448:12 February 1021 4442: 4424: 4423: 4390: 4376: 4339: 4315: 4287: 4263: 4242: 4238:978-2-35159130-7 4209: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4149: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4138: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4081: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4044: 4038: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4010: 4004: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3855:Brill Publishers 3846: 3840: 3833: 3824: 3823: 3805: 3796: 3795: 3777: 3754: 3751: 3745: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3717: 3711: 3710: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3664: 3658: 3655: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3638: 3627: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3585: 3579: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3558: 3552: 3551: 3539: 3529: 3523: 3522: 3510: 3500: 3494: 3493: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3448: 3442: 3441: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3396: 3390: 3389: 3371: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3331: 3314: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3286: 3280: 3274: 3268: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3223: 3222: 3211:O'Leary, De Lacy 3207: 3192: 3191: 3169: 3144: 3143: 3123: 3117: 3112: 3103: 3098: 3089: 3084: 3075: 3074: 3064: 3058: 3057: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3012: 3006: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2984: 2978: 2977: 2975: 2973: 2968:on 27 March 2013 2950: 2944: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2862: 2849: 2843: 2835: 2768:Robert E. Howard 2757:Bradley Steffens 2736:Gérard de Nerval 2568:) and Jews (who 2532:Salāt at-Tarāwih 2386:majalis al-hikma 2373:majalis al-hikma 2118:Byzantine Empire 1826: 1823: 1817: 1801: 1793: 1640:caliph and 16th 1630: 1628: 1618: 1616: 1615:الحاكم بأمر الله 1601: 1591: 1589: 1569: 1562: 1555: 1539: 1538: 1296:Rasa'il al-Hikma 1150: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1124: 1123: 1114: 1107: 1100: 1088:Islam portal 1086: 1085: 1084: 1067:Taher Fakhruddin 1032:Musta'li Ismaili 681:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa 589:Hamdanid dynasty 579:Sulayhid dynasty 256: 247: 241: 240: 227: 226: 163: 162: 50: 41: 40: 39: 38:الحاكم بأمر الله 30: 29: 6360: 6359: 6355: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6350: 6349: 6325:Druze and Islam 6290: 6289: 6288: 6283: 6261: 6253: 6222:Jumblatt family 6177: 6171: 6162:Jordanian Druze 6135: 6119:Islam and Druze 6100:other religions 6099: 6093: 6025: 5929: 5903: 5872: 5851: 5810: 5801: 5742: 5737: 5707: 5702: 5684: 5643: 5620:Portable mihrab 5580:Al-Hakim Mosque 5524: 5507: 5501: 5420:and theologians 5419: 5411: 5354: 5304: 5271: 5221: 5209: 5106: 4979: 4968: 4962: 4767: 4691:al-Mahdi Billah 4677: 4671: 4641: 4636: 4558: 4556:Fatimid Caliphs 4553: 4519: 4510: 4498: 4481: 4472: 4464: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4433:Fatimid dynasty 4429: 4413:Wayback Machine 4397: 4336: 4312: 4284: 4268:Daftary, Farhad 4260: 4239: 4218: 4213: 4212: 4200: 4196: 4189: 4175: 4171: 4164: 4150: 4146: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4116: 4112: 4102: 4100: 4098: 4082: 4078: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4048:Mordechai Nisan 4045: 4041: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4011: 4007: 3995: 3991: 3971: 3967: 3944: 3940: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3910: 3906: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3876: 3872: 3865: 3857:. p. 106. 3847: 3843: 3834: 3827: 3807: 3806: 3799: 3792: 3778: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3739: 3732: 3718: 3714: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3689: 3665: 3661: 3656: 3652: 3642: 3640: 3636: 3625: 3619: 3615: 3600: 3586: 3582: 3576:Vatikiotis 1957 3574: 3570: 3559: 3555: 3548: 3530: 3526: 3519: 3501: 3497: 3490: 3474: 3470: 3463: 3449: 3445: 3438: 3428:The Druze faith 3424: 3420: 3413: 3397: 3393: 3386: 3372: 3359: 3349: 3347: 3332: 3317: 3308: 3304: 3296: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3269: 3262: 3254: 3250: 3242: 3238: 3230: 3226: 3208: 3195: 3188: 3170: 3147: 3140: 3124: 3120: 3115:Britannica 1810 3113: 3106: 3099: 3092: 3085: 3078: 3065: 3061: 3054: 3038: 3034: 3027: 3013: 3009: 2999: 2997: 2985: 2981: 2971: 2969: 2951: 2947: 2939: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2913:Daftary, Ferhad 2910: 2906: 2898: 2894: 2863: 2852: 2836: 2825: 2820: 2812:Al-Hakim Mosque 2783: 2728: 2704: 2651: 2624: 2544: 2439: 2431: 2411: 2405: 2361: 2334: 2328: 2272: 2266: 2185: 2153: 2091: 2089:Foreign affairs 2079:Jewish ancestry 2047: 2022: 2014:House of wisdom 1975:al-Hakim Mosque 1968: 1827: 1821: 1818: 1811: 1802: 1791: 1752:, claimed that 1750:William of Tyre 1705: 1677: 1588:أبو علي المنصور 1573: 1533: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1499: 1491: 1490: 1489: 1485:Jordanian Druze 1464: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1440: 1426: 1417: 1403: 1394: 1385: 1370: 1362: 1361: 1360: 1345: 1337: 1336: 1335: 1326: 1311: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1286: 1278: 1277: 1276: 1262: 1248: 1233: 1225: 1224: 1223: 1209: 1200: 1186: 1172: 1158: 1137: 1136: 1128: 1127: 1118: 1082: 1080: 1075: 1074: 1073: 1039:Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs 1020:Nizārī Ismā'īlī 1014: 1006: 1005: 921:(al-Wāfī Ahmad) 904:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 874: 863: 862: 785:Qalaat al-Madiq 716:Dā'ī al-Mutlaqs 584:Zurayid dynasty 551: 495:Sulaymani Bohra 430: 416: 415: 381: 371: 370: 264: 243: 242: 231: 230: 157: 130: 114: 112: 56: 35: 34: 26: 19: 12: 11: 5: 6358: 6348: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6281: 6271: 6258: 6255: 6254: 6252: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6235: 6234: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6198: 6197: 6190:Al-Atrash clan 6187: 6181: 6179: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6167:Druze diaspora 6164: 6159: 6154: 6152:Lebanese Druze 6149: 6143: 6141: 6137: 6136: 6134: 6133: 6132: 6131: 6121: 6116: 6115: 6114: 6103: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6070: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6033: 6031: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5911: 5909: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5889:Jabal al-Druze 5886: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5870: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5818: 5816: 5812: 5811: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5750: 5748: 5744: 5743: 5736: 5735: 5728: 5721: 5713: 5704: 5703: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5651: 5649: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5630: 5629: 5624: 5623: 5622: 5612: 5610:Juyushi Mosque 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5572: 5567: 5566: 5565: 5560: 5549: 5547: 5534: 5530: 5529: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5522: 5517: 5511: 5509: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5423: 5421: 5413: 5412: 5410: 5409: 5408: 5407: 5402: 5392: 5391: 5390: 5380: 5379: 5378: 5368: 5362: 5360: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5352: 5351: 5350: 5336: 5331: 5325: 5323: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5302: 5297: 5296: 5295: 5290: 5279: 5277: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5239: 5234: 5228: 5226: 5211: 5210: 5208: 5207: 5197: 5187: 5169: 5159: 5149: 5144: 5139: 5125: 5114: 5112: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5032:Badr al-Jamali 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4983: 4981: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4960: 4959: 4958: 4948: 4943: 4942: 4941: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4910: 4909: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4877: 4876: 4875: 4870: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849:Struggle with 4847: 4837: 4828: 4823: 4817: 4810: 4804: 4798: 4792: 4786: 4781: 4775: 4773: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4765: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4711:al-Aziz Billah 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4687: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4670: 4669: 4662: 4655: 4647: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4552: 4551: 4544: 4537: 4529: 4521: 4520: 4515: 4512: 4499: 4496:al-Aziz Billah 4494: 4490: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4477: 4474: 4469:Fatimid Caliph 4465: 4462:al-Aziz Billah 4460: 4456: 4455: 4454:Regnal titles 4451: 4450: 4430: 4427: 4422: 4421: 4416: 4403: 4396: 4395:External links 4393: 4392: 4391: 4377: 4351:(3): 337–365. 4340: 4334: 4316: 4310: 4288: 4282: 4264: 4258: 4243: 4237: 4217: 4214: 4211: 4210: 4194: 4187: 4169: 4162: 4144: 4130: 4110: 4096: 4076: 4062: 4039: 4025: 4005: 3989: 3965: 3938: 3924: 3904: 3890: 3870: 3863: 3841: 3825: 3797: 3790: 3755: 3746: 3737: 3731:978-1440841385 3730: 3712: 3694: 3687: 3659: 3650: 3613: 3598: 3580: 3578:, p. 153. 3568: 3553: 3546: 3524: 3517: 3495: 3488: 3468: 3462:978-1107123038 3461: 3443: 3436: 3418: 3411: 3391: 3384: 3357: 3315: 3302: 3287: 3285:, p. 328. 3275: 3273:, p. 187. 3260: 3248: 3236: 3224: 3193: 3186: 3145: 3138: 3118: 3104: 3090: 3076: 3059: 3052: 3032: 3026:978-9774163289 3025: 3007: 2979: 2945: 2943:, p. 418. 2933: 2904: 2902:, p. 470. 2892: 2879:10.2307/605981 2850: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2782: 2779: 2761:Ibn al-Haytham 2727: 2724: 2703: 2700: 2650: 2647: 2643:Constantine IX 2629:Holy Sepulchre 2623: 2620: 2543: 2540: 2472:) and against 2438: 2435: 2430: 2427: 2407:Main article: 2404: 2401: 2382:Fatimid palace 2360: 2357: 2330:Main article: 2327: 2324: 2316:Dawoodi Bohras 2265: 2262: 2202:Michael Bonner 2184: 2181: 2152: 2149: 2131:traveled to a 2090: 2087: 2063:Twelver Shiite 2046: 2043: 2021: 2018: 1967: 1964: 1829: 1828: 1805: 1803: 1796: 1790: 1787: 1709:Rabi' al-awwal 1704: 1701: 1693:Al-Aziz Billah 1676: 1673: 1575: 1574: 1572: 1571: 1564: 1557: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1528: 1527: 1523: 1522: 1517: 1512: 1507: 1501: 1500: 1498:Related topics 1497: 1496: 1493: 1492: 1488: 1487: 1482: 1477: 1475:Lebanese Druze 1472: 1466: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1458: 1457: 1453: 1452: 1447: 1441: 1439: 1438: 1433: 1427: 1425: 1424: 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698: 693: 688: 686:Hasan-i Sabbah 683: 678: 673: 668: 663: 658: 653: 648: 643: 638: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 597: 596: 591: 586: 581: 576: 571: 566: 550: 549: 548: 547: 542: 537: 532: 520: 519: 518: 509: 508: 507: 502: 497: 492: 491: 490: 483: 471: 469:Hebtiahs Bohra 466: 465: 464: 435: 433:Branches/sects 431: 422: 421: 418: 417: 414: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 382: 377: 376: 373: 372: 369: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 333: 332: 331: 326: 321: 311: 306: 301: 296: 291: 286: 281: 276: 271: 265: 262: 261: 258: 257: 249: 248: 223: 222: 211: 207: 206: 203: 199: 198: 196:al-Aziz Billah 193: 189: 188: 183: 177: 176: 173: 172: 168: 167: 159: 158: 156: 155: 152: 148: 146: 140: 139: 136: 135: 127: 123: 122: 109: 105: 104: 101: 100: 95: 91: 90: 88:al-Aziz Billah 85: 81: 80: 77: 73: 72: 58: 57: 51: 43: 42: 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6357: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6280: 6272: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6259: 6256: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6244:Mowafaq Tarif 6242: 6240: 6237: 6233: 6230: 6229: 6228: 6227:List of Druze 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6217:Druze cuisine 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6196: 6193: 6192: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6182: 6180: 6174: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6157:Israeli Druze 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6138: 6130: 6129:Druze Zionism 6127: 6126: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6113: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6096: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6054: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5906: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5875: 5868: 5864: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5854: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5837:Hamza ibn Ali 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5813: 5808: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5777:Reincarnation 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5762:Ahl at-Tawhīd 5759: 5755: 5754:Al-Muwahhidūn 5752: 5751: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5734: 5729: 5727: 5722: 5720: 5715: 5714: 5711: 5701: 5697: 5691: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5646: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5628: 5625: 5621: 5618: 5617: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5555: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5535: 5531: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5504: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5427:Hamdan Qarmat 5425: 5424: 5422: 5418: 5414: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5397: 5396: 5393: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5381: 5377: 5376:Hamza ibn Ali 5374: 5373: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5363: 5361: 5357: 5349: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5311: 5301: 5298: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5285: 5284: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5268: 5267:Qadi al-Fadil 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5205: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5170: 5167: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5119: 5116: 5115: 5113: 5109: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4971: 4965: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4939: 4935: 4932: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4914:First Crusade 4912: 4907: 4903: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866:Uprisings of 4865: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4852: 4848: 4845: 4841: 4838: 4835: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4818: 4815: 4812:Rebellion of 4811: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4784:Establishment 4782: 4780: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4770: 4764: 4763: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4729: 4727: 4724: 4722: 4719: 4717: 4714: 4712: 4709: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4697: 4694: 4692: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4680: 4675: 4668: 4663: 4661: 4656: 4654: 4649: 4648: 4645: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4564: 4561: 4557: 4550: 4545: 4543: 4538: 4536: 4531: 4530: 4527: 4518: 4509: 4508: 4504: 4497: 4491: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4471: 4470: 4463: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4441:13 August 985 4440: 4435: 4434: 4425: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4410: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4341: 4337: 4331: 4327: 4326: 4321: 4320:Kennedy, Hugh 4317: 4313: 4311:3-406-48654-1 4307: 4303: 4299: 4298: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4279: 4275: 4274: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4251: 4250: 4244: 4240: 4234: 4230: 4229: 4224: 4220: 4219: 4208: 4204: 4198: 4190: 4188:0-9662932-0-7 4184: 4180: 4173: 4165: 4163:0-8108-5332-9 4159: 4155: 4148: 4133: 4131:9781898723387 4127: 4123: 4122: 4114: 4099: 4097:9781903471777 4093: 4089: 4088: 4080: 4065: 4063:9780786451333 4059: 4055: 4054: 4049: 4043: 4028: 4026:9781903900369 4022: 4018: 4017: 4009: 4002: 3998: 3997:John Esposito 3993: 3986: 3982: 3978: 3977: 3969: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3942: 3927: 3921: 3917: 3916: 3908: 3893: 3887: 3883: 3882: 3874: 3866: 3864:90-04-11373-8 3860: 3856: 3852: 3845: 3838: 3832: 3830: 3821: 3817: 3816:Al-Kawthar tv 3813: 3812: 3804: 3802: 3793: 3791:1-903900-36-0 3787: 3783: 3776: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3750: 3741: 3733: 3727: 3723: 3716: 3708: 3704: 3698: 3690: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3671: 3663: 3654: 3635: 3631: 3624: 3617: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3591: 3584: 3577: 3572: 3564: 3557: 3549: 3543: 3538: 3537: 3528: 3520: 3514: 3509: 3508: 3499: 3491: 3485: 3481: 3480: 3472: 3464: 3458: 3454: 3447: 3439: 3437:0-88206-003-1 3433: 3429: 3422: 3414: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3395: 3387: 3385:7-119-00431-X 3381: 3377: 3370: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3320: 3312: 3306: 3299: 3294: 3292: 3284: 3279: 3272: 3267: 3265: 3257: 3252: 3245: 3240: 3233: 3228: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3189: 3187:0-7486-1733-7 3183: 3179: 3175: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3141: 3135: 3131: 3130: 3122: 3116: 3111: 3109: 3102: 3097: 3095: 3088: 3083: 3081: 3072: 3071: 3063: 3055: 3049: 3045: 3044: 3036: 3028: 3022: 3018: 3011: 2996: 2995: 2990: 2983: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2955: 2954:Gamal Nkrumah 2949: 2942: 2937: 2922: 2918: 2914: 2908: 2901: 2896: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2847: 2841: 2840:The Aga Khans 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2823: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2784: 2778: 2776: 2771: 2769: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2749: 2747: 2746: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2726:In literature 2723: 2720: 2718: 2713: 2709: 2708:'Alī al-Zāhir 2699: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2674:Hamza ibn Ali 2669: 2667: 2666: 2661: 2654: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2622:Second period 2619: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2606: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2549: 2539: 2537: 2536:Salāt ad-Duha 2533: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2516: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2434: 2426: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2410: 2400: 2398: 2394: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2375:) devoted to 2374: 2370: 2366: 2356: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2340: 2333: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2271: 2261: 2258: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2208: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2180: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2148: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2121: 2119: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2042: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2017: 2015: 2010: 2008: 2004: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1984:Caliphate in 1983: 1976: 1972: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1917:Amīn ad-Dawla 1914: 1910: 1909: 1904: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1859: 1856: 1850: 1848: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1825: 1815: 1809: 1806:This article 1804: 1800: 1795: 1794: 1785: 1783: 1777: 1775: 1770: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1719: 1714: 1710: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1685:heir-apparent 1682: 1672: 1670: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1643: 1639: 1633: 1627: 1621: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1600: 1594: 1585: 1581: 1570: 1565: 1563: 1558: 1556: 1551: 1550: 1548: 1547: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1511: 1510:List of Druze 1508: 1506: 1503: 1502: 1495: 1494: 1486: 1483: 1481: 1480:Israeli Druze 1478: 1476: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1460: 1459: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1382: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1366: 1365: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1341: 1340: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1323: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1307: 1306: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1282: 1281: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1253:Hamza ibn Ali 1251: 1250: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1229: 1228: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1211: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1177:Reincarnation 1175: 1174: 1169: 1168:Ahl at-Tawhid 1165: 1164:Al-Muwahhidun 1162: 1161: 1154: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1140: 1132: 1126: 1125: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1103: 1101: 1096: 1095: 1093: 1092: 1089: 1079: 1078: 1068: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1055: 1054:Dawoodi Bohra 1052: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1017: 1010: 1009: 1002: 998: 995: 993: 990: 988: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 938: 933: 931: 930: 925: 923: 922: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 876: 873: 867: 866: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 845: 842: 838: 835: 833: 832:Jama'at Khana 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 809: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 794: 793: 792: 786: 783: 779: 776: 774: 771: 769: 766: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 745: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 730: 729: 728: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 707: 704: 702: 699: 697: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 666:Nasir Khusraw 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 652: 649: 647: 644: 642: 639: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 606:Hamdan Qarmat 604: 603: 602: 601: 595: 592: 590: 587: 585: 582: 580: 577: 575: 572: 570: 567: 565: 561: 558: 557: 556: 555: 546: 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 527: 526: 525: 521: 517: 516: 515: 510: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 489: 488: 484: 482: 481: 477: 476: 475: 472: 470: 467: 463: 462: 458: 457: 456: 455:Dawoodi Bohra 453: 452: 451: 450: 449: 444: 443: 442: 441: 437: 436: 434: 429: 425: 420: 419: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 383: 380: 379:Seven Pillars 375: 374: 367: 364: 362: 361:Reincarnation 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 344: 342: 339: 337: 334: 330: 327: 325: 322: 320: 317: 316: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 266: 260: 259: 255: 251: 250: 246: 239: 235: 229: 228: 221: 218: 215: 212: 208: 204: 200: 197: 194: 190: 187: 184: 182: 178: 169: 164: 160: 153: 150: 149: 147: 145: 141: 137: 133: 128: 124: 121: 120:Fatimid Egypt 117: 113:13 August 985 110: 106: 102: 99: 96: 92: 89: 86: 82: 78: 74: 71: 67: 63: 59: 54: 49: 44: 31: 28: 24: 16: 6239:Majid Arslan 6147:Syrian Druze 6067:Saint George 6006:Mountain War 5956:Ma'n dynasty 5941:Wadi al-Taym 5899:Nabi Shu'ayb 5884:Druze Khalwa 5866: 5821: 5670:al-Musabbihi 5590:Bab al-Futuh 5585:Aqmar Mosque 5545:architecture 5506:Anti-Fatimid 5417:Missionaries 5300:Fatimid navy 5283:Fatimid army 5007:Sitt al-Mulk 4969:and military 4834:Alexandretta 4760: 4715: 4683:Imam-Caliphs 4602:al-Mustansir 4591: 4501: 4467: 4445: 4438: 4431: 4385: 4348: 4344: 4324: 4301: 4296: 4272: 4248: 4227: 4197: 4178: 4172: 4153: 4147: 4135:. 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Retrieved 2920: 2907: 2895: 2870: 2866: 2845: 2839: 2772: 2765: 2752: 2750: 2743: 2739: 2729: 2721: 2716: 2712:umm al-walad 2711: 2705: 2693: 2687: 2677: 2671: 2663: 2656: 2652: 2649:Third period 2625: 2615: 2609: 2607: 2590: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2574: 2561: 2556: 2545: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2519: 2517: 2482: 2459: 2440: 2437:First period 2432: 2412: 2390: 2385: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2362: 2337: 2335: 2309: 2273: 2253: 2228: 2224: 2216:al-Mustansir 2186: 2172:Sitt al-Mulk 2169: 2154: 2145:Tang dynasty 2125:Song dynasty 2122: 2115: 2095:North Africa 2092: 2048: 2033: 2023: 2011: 2000: 1979: 1955: 1953: 1948: 1924: 1916: 1912: 1906: 1895: 1892:Islamic East 1877: 1873: 1868: 1861: 1852: 1832: 1819: 1807: 1779: 1771: 1762:al-Musabbihi 1753: 1746:Sitt al-Mulk 1743: 1726: 1722: 1718:umm al-walad 1716: 1706: 1696: 1689:wali al-'ahd 1688: 1678: 1665: 1606: 1579: 1578: 1470:Syrian Druze 1381:Ma'n dynasty 1295: 1243: 967: 936: 928: 920: 919:ʿAbad Allāh 812:Constitution 790: 789: 726: 725: 701:Pir Sadardin 661:al-Naysaburi 646:al-Sijistani 599: 598: 553: 552: 522: 512: 511: 485: 478: 459: 446: 445: 438: 432: 27: 15: 6305:1021 deaths 5920:Eid Al Adha 5877:Holy places 5772:Esotericism 5767:Divine call 5600:Bab Zuweila 5595:Bab al-Nasr 5563:Skifa Kahla 5515:Akhu Muhsin 5432:Ibn Hawshab 5339:Esotericism 5262:al-Basasiri 4980:and regents 4607:al-Musta'li 4292:Halm, Heinz 3954:: 205–236. 3818:. YouTube. 2846:Which page? 2775:Tom Holland 2524:fajr prayer 2501:Banu Umayya 2497:Ahl al-Bayt 2384:. The name 2339:Dār al-ʿIlm 1960:gold dinars 1931:, the Turk 1921:bureaucracy 1711:in AD 985 ( 1604:regnal name 1351:Eid al-Adha 1317:Mount Druze 1310:Holy places 1196:Divine Call 1191:Esotericism 1063:Qutbi Bohra 1045:Alavi Bohra 1027:Aga Khan IV 505:Qutbi Bohra 500:Alavi Bohra 461:Progressive 126:Disappeared 84:Predecessor 6300:985 births 6294:Categories 6207:Amin Tarif 5457:Abu Tammam 5366:Qarmatians 5314:Isma'ilism 5252:Manjutakin 4967:Government 4923:Regime of 4895:Revolt of 4879:Revolt of 4507:Isma'ilism 4259:9004117415 4207:1682060160 3931:16 January 3897:16 January 3547:1559704144 3518:0691125740 3489:0786419547 3087:Britannica 2941:Brett 2001 2900:Brett 2001 2873:(3): 542. 2818:References 2695:Muwahhidun 2485:Muawiyah I 2476:, wife of 2397:philosophy 2348:philosophy 2305:suzerainty 2268:See also: 2257:Heinz Halm 2231:Christians 2220:Michael IV 2157:asceticism 2107:Qarmatians 1933:Manjutakin 1871:'tutor'." 1822:March 2019 1754:al-'Azīzah 1735:patriarchs 1727:al-'Azīzah 1272:Al-Tanukhi 817:Delegation 773:Maymun-Diz 656:al-Shirazi 651:al-Kirmani 636:Qadi Numan 535:Qarmatians 424:Musta'lism 411:Pilgrimage 351:Numerology 245:Isma'ilism 53:Gold dinar 5908:Holy days 5787:Theophany 5570:Mansuriya 5388:Assassins 5322:Doctrines 5219:governors 5215:Officials 5190:Banu Kanz 5176:Hamdanids 5172:Sulayhids 5162:Mirdasids 5156:Palestine 5152:Jarrahids 5132:Hammadids 4997:Ibn Ammar 4881:Abu Rakwa 4853:(974–978) 4822:(958–960) 4816:(943–947) 4814:Abu Yazid 4809:(937–941) 4803:(919–921) 4797:(914–915) 4791:(913–917) 4582:al-Mu'izz 4577:al-Mansur 4373:162310414 3608:990015520 3219:Routledge 2684:ad-Darazi 2637:Byzantine 2633:Holy Fire 2614:). These 2419:ad-Darazi 2352:astronomy 2270:Ismailism 2239:Jerusalem 2083:Mu'tazili 1990:Ismailism 1956:Mashāriqa 1925:Mashāriqa 1896:Mashāriqa 1888:Daylamite 1814:talk page 1789:Caliphate 1782:endogamic 1675:Biography 1657:Musta'lis 1620:romanized 1593:romanized 1344:Holy days 1258:Al-Darazi 1182:Theophany 953:al-Manṣūr 894:al-Sajjad 827:Holy Du'a 706:Aga Khans 641:al-Nasafi 562:state of 560:Qarmatian 540:Assassins 274:Batiniyya 154:Sitt Misr 111:al-Mansur 94:Successor 6279:Category 6178:Features 6079:Muhammad 6030:Prophets 5758:Mowahhid 5508:movement 5487:Abdallah 5395:Musta'li 5276:Military 5224:generals 5180:Zurayids 5136:Ifriqiya 5042:Kutayfat 5002:Barjawan 4929:al-Hafiz 4925:Kutayfat 4902:Musta'li 4851:Alptakin 4627:al-Fa'iz 4622:al-Zafir 4617:al-Hafiz 4597:al-Zahir 4592:al-Hakim 4572:al-Qa'im 4567:al-Mahdi 4409:Archived 4401:al-Hakim 4383:(1957). 4322:(2004). 4294:(2003). 4270:(1990). 4225:(1986). 4137:16 March 4103:16 March 4069:16 March 4050:(2002). 4032:15 March 3820:Archived 3350:16 March 3298:Lev 1987 3232:Lev 1987 3213:(1923). 3000:16 March 2972:16 March 2962:Al-Ahram 2926:24 April 2781:See also 2748:(1851). 2710:was the 2616:sijillat 2611:sijillat 2548:Epiphany 2505:Talbiyah 2478:Muhammad 2462:Abu Bakr 2377:esoteric 2289:Abbasids 2243:Isma'ili 2198:al-Zahir 2190:Crusades 2161:Mokattam 2147:in 907. 2137:Shandong 2133:Buddhist 2051:al-Qadir 2028:and the 1998:Ismā'īlī 1929:Damascus 1865:Barjawan 1855:Barjawan 1131:a series 1129:Part of 948:al-Qāʾim 899:al-Baqir 753:Atashgah 545:Satpanth 530:Seveners 440:Musta'li 428:Nizarism 356:Theology 263:Concepts 234:a series 232:Part of 210:Religion 151:al-Zahir 132:Mokattam 6042:Abraham 5934:History 5797:Walayah 5747:Beliefs 5553:Mahdiya 5533:Culture 5400:Tayyibi 5329:Imamate 5293:Ghilman 5118:Kalbids 5102:Saladin 5097:Shirkuh 5092:Dirgham 4987:Jawdhar 4977:Viziers 4938:Tayyibi 4772:History 4762:Dynasty 4632:al-Adid 4612:al-Amir 4587:al-Aziz 4216:Sources 2640:Emperor 2601:in his 2513:Umar II 2493:Sahabah 2369:majalis 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