1547:
811:
37:
1390:
969:
883:
1845:
1728:
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The new administrative system of the themes, or military provinces created by the
Byzantine Empire, contributed to the eventual rise of feudalism in Albania, as peasant soldiers who served military lords became serfs on their landed estates. Among the leading families of the Albanian feudal nobility
356:
It was supposed that those
Albanoi from 1042 were Normans from Sicily, called by an archaic name (the Albanoi were an independent tribe from Southern Italy). The following instance is indisputable. It comes from the same Attaliates, who wrote that the Albanians (Arbanitai) were involved in the 1078
195:
as subjects of the duke of
Dyrrachium. It is disputed, however, whether that refers to Albanians in an ethnic sense. However a later reference to Albanians from the same Attaliates, regarding the participation of Albanians in a rebellion in 1078, is undisputed. At this point, they are already fully
276:, to become the launchpad for an overland invasion of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines however managed to recover most of Albania by 1274, leaving only Valona and Dyrrhachium in Charles' hands. Finally, when Charles launched his much-delayed advance, it was stopped at the
339:
The wars of the Balkan
Peninsula: their medieval origins G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series Authors Alexandru Madgearu, Martin Gordon Editor Martin Gordon Translated by Alexandru Madgearu Edition illustrated Publisher Scarecrow Press, 2008
129:
Since the 1st and 2nd century, Christianity had become the established religion in most of the eastern Roman Empire, supplanting pagan polytheism. But, though the country was in the fold of
Byzantium, Christians in the region remained under the jurisdiction of the
142:, detached the church of the province from the Roman pope and placed it under the patriarch of Constantinople. When the Christian church split in 1054 between the East and Rome, the region of southern Albania retained its ties to
245:
were the
Thopias, Balshas, Shpatas, Muzakas, Aranitis, Dukagjins, and Kastriotis. The first three of these rose to become rulers of principalities that were practically independent of Byzantium.
1350:
1129:
210:). Towards the end of the 12th century, as Byzantine central authority weakened and rebellions and regionalist secessionism became more common, the region of
2346:
2178:
720:
1017:
2252:
1007:
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770:
146:
while the north reverted to the jurisdiction of Rome. This split marked the first significant religious fragmentation of the country.
2063:
1915:
745:
2171:
409:
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and extended their domain to the lowlands of what is now central
Albania. In general, the invaders destroyed or weakened Roman and
1721:
1706:
1550:
1485:
933:
2280:
2452:
1345:
1443:
1383:
1355:
1289:
353:
330:
Pritsak, Omeljan (1991). "Albanians". Oxford
Dictionary of Byzantium. 1. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 52-53.
2232:
1438:
1122:
962:
655:
281:
2164:
2016:
1082:
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162:, based in the city of the same name and covering most of the coast, while the interior was left under Slavic and later
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1315:
1050:
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1325:
1208:
796:
725:
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599:
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72:
In the first decades under
Byzantine rule (until 461), Epirus nova suffered the devastation of raids by
2427:
2089:
1654:
1540:
1495:
1490:
1433:
1428:
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1340:
891:
853:
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155:
45:
40:
Map of the
Balkans in the 6th century AD illustrating the Roman provinces, major settlements and roads.
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1683:
1528:
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1423:
1077:
952:
886:
843:
554:
197:
2341:
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594:
1731:
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2136:
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1966:
1757:
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1144:
1030:
876:
786:
740:
680:
629:
614:
574:
518:
507:
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215:
206:, the main overland route to Constantinople, and was one of the main targets of the Normans (cf.
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1305:
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1167:
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1996:
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Christianized. In the late 11th and 12th centuries, the region played a crucial part in the
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8:
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93:
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1991:
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634:
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control. Full Byzantine control over modern Albania was established only after the
113:
109:
25:
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2275:
2029:
1868:
1815:
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457:
230:
44:
After the region fell to the Romans in 168 BC, it became part of the province of
2402:
2584:
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2560:
2513:
2405:
2380:
2257:
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1198:
624:
285:
222:
188:
143:
85:
84:. In the 4th century barbarian tribes began to prey upon the Roman Empire. The
280:
in 1280–1281. Albania would remain largely part of Byzantine empire until the
241:, as both powers tried to gain control of coastal Albania for their purposes.
138:, angered by archbishops of the region because they had supported Rome in the
2617:
2564:
2313:
2266:
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1873:
1762:
1546:
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131:
61:
57:
17:
1853:
380:
306:
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Later, in the early 9th century, the Byzantine government established the
104:
overran the region in the early 7th century. About fifty years later, the
2602:
2552:
2500:
2432:
2368:
307:""The Barbarian Invasions and the Middle Ages," Albania: A Country Study"
202:
49:
2409:
2299:
1805:
1736:
477:
81:
53:
233:
influence began to be strongly felt at this time, as well as those of
36:
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73:
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149:
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1800:
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253:
211:
183:
105:
21:
20:
was permanently divided and the area that now constitutes modern
1858:
1820:
304:
101:
48:. The central portion of modern Albania was later split off as
368:"Albania | History, Geography, Customs, & Traditions"
1863:
265:
249:
97:
1045:
89:
77:
2073:
284:, when it fell shortly to the hands of the Serbian ruler
134:
until 732. In that year the iconoclast Byzantine emperor
116:
cultural centers in the lands that would become Albania.
248:
In 1258, the Sicilians took possession of the island of
92:
were the first to arrive, invading in mid-century; the
995:
298:
200:; Dyrrhachium was the westernmost terminus of the
2615:
150:Byzantine rule and conflicts with Western powers
272:", was intended by the dynamic Sicilian ruler,
2172:
403:
225:, the region came under the control of the
2179:
2165:
410:
396:
305:Raymond Zickel; Walter R. Iwaskiw (1994).
268:. This foothold, reformed in 1272 as the "
177:written in 1079–1080, Byzantine historian
187:as having taken part in a revolt against
1478:
1333:
35:
741:Albanian resistance during World War II
2616:
1727:
67:
56:"), while the southern remained under
2160:
391:
218:ruled by its own hereditary princes.
2488:Palestine (Classical ~ Late Antique)
417:
311:countrystudies.us/albania/index.htm
60:and the northern parts belonged to
13:
2624:Albania under the Byzantine Empire
2428:Lebanon (Classical ~ Late Antique)
229:, but its control was never firm.
14:
2635:
2364:Israel (Classical ~ Late Antique)
681:Principality of Albania (1914–25)
666:Provisional Government of Albania
381:Library of Congress Country Study
2553:Syria (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2295:Egypt (Classical ~ Late Antique)
1843:
1726:
1545:
1389:
1388:
968:
967:
882:
881:
809:
282:Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347
96:attacked in 570; and the Slavic
124:
2064:Orders, decorations and medals
671:Albania during the Balkan Wars
360:
333:
324:
168:Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria
119:
1:
711:Albanian Republic (1925–1928)
585:Massacre of the Albanian Beys
291:
716:Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)
691:Autonomous Province of Korçë
208:Battle of Dyrrhachium (1081)
31:
7:
751:Orthography Congress (1972)
746:Communist Albania (1946–91)
726:Italian invasion of Albania
676:Republic of Central Albania
656:Declaration of Independence
600:Albanian National Awakening
256:coast, from Dyrrhachium to
170:in the early 11th century.
10:
2640:
721:Union with Italian kingdom
2200:
2116:
2082:
2015:
1984:
1929:
1898:
1891:
1834:
1791:
1745:
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1401:
1377:
1324:
1298:
1277:
1238:
1234:
1225:
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1143:
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1059:
986:
921:
917:
908:
862:
831:
827:
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807:
779:
643:
542:
506:
438:
429:
736:The Holocaust in Albania
595:Uprising of Dervish Cara
140:Iconoclastic Controversy
575:Islamization of Albania
565:Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini
519:Principality of Arbanon
216:autonomous principality
2410:Late Antique/Medieval)
2253:Bosnia and Herzegovina
756:Post-Communist Albania
731:German Nazi occupation
686:World War I in Albania
555:Skanderbeg's rebellion
108:conquered much of the
41:
2195:in modern territories
2054:Epitaph of Gllavenica
357:rebellion of... p. 25
264:and as far inland as
198:Byzantine–Norman Wars
39:
1486:Archaeological sites
996:Vetting Institutions
696:Italian protectorate
610:Congress of Manastir
590:Revolts of 1833–1839
136:Leo III the Isaurian
2385:Sardinia (Classical
2258:Bulgaria (Classical
1707:Research institutes
1269:State Supreme Audit
706:Republic of Mirdita
227:Despotate of Epirus
191:in 1043 and to the
68:Barbarian invasions
24:became part of the
2304:Corsica (Classical
2224:Armenia (Classical
2205:Albania (Classical
1524:Adriatic Sea Coast
1451:Telecommunications
1158:Capital punishment
1051:Prosecutor General
620:Malissori uprising
580:Albanian Pashaliks
534:House of Kastrioti
524:Kingdom of Albania
270:Kingdom of Albania
179:Michael Attaliates
42:
2611:
2610:
2593:Thrace (Classical
2585:Turkey (Classical
2377:Sicily (Classical
2324:Greece (Classical
2286:Cyprus (Classical
2272:Crimea (Classical
2267:Britain (England)
2154:
2153:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
1980:
1979:
1887:
1886:
1879:Cognac Skënderbeu
1686:
1638:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1551:Images of Albania
1519:
1518:
1378:Natural resources
1369:Hydropower plants
1364:
1363:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1026:
1025:
963:Political parties
958:Foreign relations
904:
903:
900:
899:
805:
804:
761:1997 Civil Unrest
605:League of Prizren
529:Despotate of Arta
354:978-0-8108-5846-6
239:Kingdom of Sicily
237:and later of the
2631:
2539:Spain (Classical
2369:Italy (Classical
2332:Crete (Classical
2193:Byzantine Empire
2181:
2174:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2139:
2132:
2125:
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1729:
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1529:Ionian Sea Coast
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1331:
1330:
1285:Shopping centers
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1209:Border crossings
1083:Cities and towns
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635:Kimza Government
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274:Charles of Anjou
181:referred to the
110:Balkan Peninsula
26:Byzantine Empire
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2565:Early Medieval)
2478:The Netherlands
2389:Early Medieval)
2308:Early Medieval)
2196:
2187:History of the
2185:
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2150:
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2090:Public holidays
2078:
2011:
1976:
1925:
1883:
1830:
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1456:Posta Shqiptare
1397:
1373:
1360:
1320:
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1273:
1252:
1213:
1199:Organized crime
1177:
1139:
1101:
1055:
1022:
982:
896:
892:Protected areas
858:
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801:
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766:NATO membership
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647:
639:
560:League of Lezhë
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2262:High Medieval)
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1994:
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1978:
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1163:Assassinations
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1127:
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1078:Municipalities
1075:
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953:Prime Minister
950:
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678:
673:
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663:
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650:
648:(1912–present)
641:
640:
638:
637:
632:
630:Revolt of 1912
627:
625:Taksim meeting
622:
617:
615:Revolt of 1910
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
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567:
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551:
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544:Ottoman period
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386:
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374:
373:
359:
332:
323:
296:
295:
293:
290:
286:Stephen Dushan
278:Siege of Berat
223:Fourth Crusade
189:Constantinople
151:
148:
144:Constantinople
126:
123:
121:
118:
86:Germanic Goths
69:
66:
33:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2636:
2625:
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2543:Late Antique)
2540:
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2441:
2439:
2438:Liechtenstein
2436:
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2231:
2229:
2228:Late Antique)
2225:
2222:
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2206:
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2199:
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2100:Copyright law
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2059:Sign language
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2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2003:
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1998:
1995:
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1985:Entertainment
1983:
1973:
1972:Indoor arenas
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
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1937:Weightlifting
1935:
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1906:National team
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1784:
1783:Sworn virgins
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949:
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941:Head of state
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378:
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363:
355:
351:
347:
346:0-8108-5846-0
343:
336:
327:
312:
308:
301:
297:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
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228:
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209:
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194:
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186:
185:
180:
176:
171:
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161:
157:
147:
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141:
137:
133:
117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
65:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
38:
29:
27:
23:
19:
2558:Vatican City
2511:Saudi Arabia
2483:North Africa
2208:
2137:Bibliography
2044:
2042:Coat of arms
2032:
1930:Other sports
1753:Folk beliefs
1717:Universities
1645:Architecture
1589:Demographics
1531:
1441:
1290:Supermarkets
1264:Trade unions
1145:Human rights
1120:
1061:Subdivisions
1031:Constitution
943:
931:
877:Biodiversity
771:EU Accession
645:Independence
379:
362:
335:
326:
314:. Retrieved
310:
300:
247:
243:
220:
201:
192:
182:
174:
172:
153:
132:Pope of Rome
128:
125:Church split
88:and Asiatic
71:
62:Praevalitana
58:Epirus vetus
43:
18:Roman Empire
16:In 395, the
15:
2548:Switzerland
2514:(Classical)
2496:(Classical)
2418:(Classical)
2398:(Classical)
1650:Photography
1636:(galleries)
1511:Lighthouses
1384:Oil and gas
1306:Agriculture
1106:Legislature
978:Visa policy
864:Environment
547:(1385–1912)
511:(1190–1385)
508:Middle Ages
203:Via Egnatia
160:Dyrrhachium
120:Middle Ages
50:Epirus nova
2561:(Classical
2506:San Marino
2468:Montenegro
2443:Luxembourg
2406:(Classical
2355:(Classical
2233:Azerbaijan
1997:Television
1957:Volleyball
1952:Basketball
1806:Fustanella
1768:Secularism
1737:Albanology
1722:Publishers
1702:Literature
1444:structures
1311:Healthcare
1253:(currency)
1135:Opposition
1036:Corruption
929:Government
478:Dassaretii
383:of Albania
292:References
221:After the
214:became an
82:Ostrogoths
54:New Epirus
2597:Medieval)
2589:Medieval)
2453:Macedonia
2381:Medieval)
2373:Medieval)
2359:Medieval)
2336:Medieval)
2328:Medieval)
2290:Medieval)
2276:Medieval)
2209:Medieval)
1942:Athletics
1854:Tavë kosi
1746:Tradition
1712:Libraries
1670:Education
1479:Monuments
1461:Squatting
1439:Highrises
1334:Operators
1316:Companies
1173:Ombudsman
1113:Elections
988:Judiciary
922:Executive
839:Mountains
832:Landscape
820:Geography
701:Vlora War
498:Taulantii
473:Bylliones
440:Illyrians
262:Buthrotum
193:Arbanitai
164:Bulgarian
114:Byzantine
74:Visigoths
46:Macedonia
32:Antiquity
2618:Category
2534:Slovenia
2529:Slovakia
2519:Scotland
2493:Portugal
2342:Guernsey
2146:Category
2069:Passport
2047:armorial
2025:Heraldry
1967:Olympics
1962:Swimming
1921:Stadiums
1899:Football
1826:Xhamadan
1811:Xhubleta
1793:Costumes
1773:Religion
1732:Proverbs
1697:Language
1678:Alphabet
1660:Theatres
1609:Diaspora
1506:Churches
1424:Railways
1414:Aviation
1409:Highways
1299:Industry
1259:Taxation
1189:Military
1182:Security
1153:Abortion
1123:speakers
1118:Assembly
1093:Villages
1088:Communes
1073:Counties
1041:EURALIUS
973:Treaties
934:agencies
910:Politics
797:Archives
792:Timeline
780:See also
493:Parthini
488:Labeatae
468:Balaites
463:Amantini
423:articles
254:Albanian
252:and the
2575:Tunisia
2570:Ukraine
2501:Romania
2473:Morocco
2458:Moldova
2347:Hungary
2319:Germany
2314:Georgia
2281:Croatia
2248:Belgium
2243:Balkans
2238:Austria
2219:Andorra
2214:Algeria
2123:Outline
2095:Smoking
2017:Symbols
1947:Cycling
1916:Players
1836:Cuisine
1801:Qeleshe
1692:Abetare
1684:scripts
1655:Museums
1623:Culture
1569:Society
1541:Beaches
1534:riviera
1496:Mosques
1491:Castles
1471:Tourism
1434:Tunnels
1429:Bridges
1246:Banking
1239:Finance
1227:Economy
1204:Prisons
1130:Members
887:Habitat
872:Climate
854:Islands
787:Origins
483:Enchele
458:Amantes
453:Albanoi
448:Ardiaei
431:History
419:Albania
316:9 April
231:Serbian
212:Arbanon
184:Albanoi
175:History
173:In his
106:Bulgars
22:Albania
2524:Serbia
2463:Monaco
2423:Kuwait
2415:Kosovo
2403:Jordan
2395:Jersey
2300:France
2007:Cinema
1892:Sports
1859:Kabuni
1849:Gjellë
1821:Opinga
1778:Nevruz
1599:Tribes
1594:Census
1582:People
1501:Tekkes
1394:Mining
1326:Energy
1278:Retail
1194:Police
844:Rivers
661:Anthem
421:
352:
344:
258:Valona
235:Venice
102:Croats
80:, and
2603:Wales
2448:Malta
2433:Libya
2189:Roman
2130:Index
2083:Other
2002:Radio
1992:Music
1911:Clubs
1614:Women
1419:Ports
1351:OSHEE
849:Lakes
266:Berat
250:Corfu
156:theme
98:Serbs
94:Avars
2352:Iraq
2191:and
2035:list
2030:Flag
1874:Wine
1869:Beer
1864:Raki
1816:Brez
1758:Besa
1341:KESH
1251:Lek
1168:LGBT
1098:Maps
1068:NUTS
1046:SPAK
946:list
350:ISBN
342:ISBN
318:2008
260:and
100:and
90:Huns
78:Huns
2074:.al
1763:Oda
1632:Art
1356:ERE
1346:OST
1018:KPK
1013:ONM
1008:IKP
1003:KPA
158:of
2620::
2595:-
2587:-
2563:-
2541:-
2408:-
2387:-
2383:,
2379:-
2371:-
2357:-
2334:-
2326:-
2306:-
2288:-
2274:-
2260:-
2226:-
2207:-
348:,
309:.
288:.
76:,
64:.
52:("
28:.
2599:)
2591:(
2581:)
2577:(
2391:)
2375:(
2338:)
2330:(
2310:)
2302:(
2180:e
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1446:)
1442:(
1125:)
1121:(
948:)
944:(
936:)
932:(
411:e
404:t
397:v
370:.
320:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
