86:. He was convicted of seditious conspiracy and sentenced to 35 years. Rodriguez and three others were arrested in various locations around Chicago on June 29, 1983. Alberto Rodriguez, Edwin Cortes and Jose Luis Rodriguez were given a $ 10 million bond while Alejandrina Torres was given a $ 5 million bond. His first ten months in prison were in solitary confinement, where, he says, "I had to search within myself to find the spiritual strength to persevere." A federal judge found the conditions of confinement too harsh and ordered the federal prison to place both Alberto Rodriguez and Edwin Cortes in general population though in special restrictive conditions.
861:
98:
interstate transportation of firearms with intent to commit a crime. None of those granted clemency were convicted in any of the actual bombings, including
Rodriguez. Rather, they had been convicted on a variety of conspiracy charges ranging from conspiracy to make bombs, conspiracy to armed robbery and various firearms violations. They were all convicted for seditious conspiracy, conspiracy to oppose the authority of the Government of the United States in Puerto Rico by force.
168:
182:
589:(GA/COL/3138/Rev.1*). Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. Special Committee on Decolonization, 8th & 9th Meetings. (Issued on June 13, 2006.) The Approved Text reads, in part, "As in previous years, ...the Special Committee called on the President of the United States to release Puerto Rican
97:
Among the other convicted Puerto Rican nationalists there were sentences of as long as 90 years in
Federal prisons for offenses including seditious conspiracy, possession of unregistered firearms, interstate transportation of a stolen vehicle, interference with interstate commerce by violence and
69:
Upon graduation in 1976 he began to work for community programs, such as the
Borinqueña Learning Center, which provided opportunities for working adults to pursue educational goals. He also worked in various community organizations including the Workers Rights Center, El Comite Pro-Orientacion
121:
The sentences received by
Rodriguez and the other Nationalists were judged to be "out of proportion to the nationalists' offenses." Statistics showed their sentences were almost 20 times greater than sentences for similar offenses by the American population at large.
818:
Special
Committee on Decolonization Approves Text Calling on United States to Expedite Puerto Rican Self-determination Process: Draft Resolution Urges Probe of Pro-Independence Leader's Killing, Human Rights Abuses; Calls for Clean-up, Decontamination of
584:
Special
Committee on Decolonization Approves Text Calling on United States to Expedite Puerto Rican Self-determination Process: Draft Resolution Urges Probe of Pro-Independence Leader's Killing, Human Rights Abuses; Calls for Clean-up, Decontamination of
125:
For many years, numerous national and international organizations criticized
Rodriguez' incarceration categorizing it as political imprisonment. Alberto Rodriguez was finally released from prison on September 10, 1999, after President
1566:
89:
A series of arrests against purported FALN members began in 1977 and culminated around 1985. Rodriguez was never charged with any bombings. During the trial proceedings from 1983 through 1985, he declared his status as
54:
and was raised in
Chicago. While he was in high school he became part of a new generation of Puerto Ricans in the United States who demanded that their history and culture be recognized and joined the
650:...When we ask ourselves, 'Can it happen here?' the Puerto Rican people can answer, 'It has happened in Puerto Rico.' as he spoke about the treatment of Puerto Rican Nationalist and U.S. prisoner
1671:
138:
as having been influential on his decision to grant
Rodriguez the clemency offer. Cases involving the release of other Puerto Rican Nationalist prisoners have also been categorized as cases of
823:(GA/COL/3138/Rev.1*). Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. Special Committee on Decolonization, 8th & 9th Meetings. (Issued on June 13, 2006.)
146:
669:
1666:
981:
27:
70:
Comunal, El
Desfile del Pueblo, Latino Cultural Center and the Puerto Rican Cultural Center. At the time of his arrest he was married and the father of two children.
512:
1656:
1661:
609:
1531:
954:
1651:
94:, and refused to participate in the proceedings. Alberto Rodriguez was given a 35-year federal sentence for seditious conspiracy and other charges.
1260:
200:
114:
status. They argued that the U.S. courts did not have jurisdiction to try them as criminals and petitioned for their cases to be handed over to an
358:
253:
1587:
1556:
66:
in 1972, and immediately became involved in student struggles for a Latin American studies program and for recruitment of Latino students.
690:
153:
article. In 2006, the United Nations called for the release of the remaining Puerto Rican political prisoners in United States prisons.
1551:
663:
312:
944:
850:
924:
770:
639:
38:, PA, and later at the federal penitentiary at USP Beaumont, TX. However, he was released early from prison, after President
35:
864:
42:
extended a clemency offer in August 1999. Alberto and 10 other Puerto Rican prisoners were released on September 10, 1999.
1646:
1062:
230:
55:
1636:
1155:
449:
410:
62:, to force the Chicago Board of Education to be more responsive to the needs of Latino students. Alberto entered the
1470:
1092:
1506:
1150:
939:
717:
79:
1165:
1017:
718:"Carlos Alberto Torres, Puerto Rican Nationalist Imprisoned In Illinois For 30 Years, Returns Home To Puerto Rico"
1641:
934:
63:
602:
1275:
1491:
949:
1385:
1180:
929:
843:
110:
in an anti-colonial war against the United States to liberate Puerto Rico from U.S. domination and invoked
1245:
1240:
1082:
1541:
205:
1047:
1037:
1420:
1057:
83:
1465:
1032:
1027:
997:
1130:
1102:
1460:
1295:
1125:
1052:
145:
In criticizing President Clinton's decision to release the Puerto Rican prisoners, the conservative
1235:
1077:
1365:
1160:
118:
that would determine their status. The U.S. Government, however, did not recognize their request.
1561:
1370:
1360:
1042:
836:
1511:
1215:
1195:
281:"ProLIBERTAD Campaign for the Freedom of Puerto Rican Political Prisoners and Prisoners of War:
1631:
1445:
1355:
1345:
1330:
970:
557:"FALN prisoners another step closer to freedom: Clinton condemned on Capitol Hill for clemency"
333:"United States Department of Justice. Office of the Pardon Attorney: Commutations of Sentences"
1450:
1440:
1350:
1205:
802:
439:
1521:
1400:
1325:
235:
1405:
1210:
1175:
1087:
828:
815:
581:
486:
383:
195:
1626:
1290:
975:
919:
305:
1415:
8:
1582:
1475:
1285:
1220:
1200:
1072:
651:
629:
Vito Marcantonio, U.S. Congressman. In his August 5, 1939, speech before Congress titled
215:
115:
23:
1067:
534:
471:
1501:
1455:
1410:
1305:
1255:
1135:
771:"Al Gore: Quick to Condemn "Arms-for-Hostages," but What About "Terrorists-for-Votes?""
173:
139:
59:
1300:
1012:
743:
1395:
1190:
1140:
883:
790:
445:
1435:
1145:
774:
691:"Puerto Rican Nationalist Sentenced to 7 Years for 1983 Wells Fargo Robbery in Conn"
628:
1567:
Latin American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence
1002:
878:
280:
187:
34:
conspiracy and other charges. He was sentenced in 1985, and incarcerated first at
1380:
1097:
1022:
332:
225:
1546:
1536:
1320:
1310:
1230:
1007:
673:
643:
613:
316:
111:
91:
58:. In the early 1970s Puerto Rican students were using the tactics of sit-ins and
51:
156:
Alberto now works for the People's Law Office in Chicago. He remarried in 2003.
1516:
1496:
1315:
1185:
860:
556:
106:
At the time of their arrest Rodriguez and the others declared themselves to be
603:
Center for Puerto Rican Studies, Hunter College, City University of New York.
1620:
1430:
1390:
1335:
1107:
220:
149:
also categorized Rodriguez as a "Puerto Rican Nationalist", echoing a recent
605:
Guide to the Ruth M. Reynolds Papers: Archives of the Puerto Rican Diaspora.
1425:
1375:
1340:
1225:
676:
Report states, "Chicago's Puerto Rican community celebrates the release of
646:
In the words of Congressman Marcantonio, "There is no place in America for
210:
135:
131:
127:
39:
1265:
1250:
1170:
768:
513:"Federal Bureau of Prisons. U.S. Department of Justice. Inmate Locator"
903:
616:
Reviews Puerto Rico – U.S. relations, including cases of Puerto Rican
82:
and was completing his thesis requirements for a graduate degree from
78:
When arrested in 1983 Alberto was working as an academic counselor at
535:"United States Department of Justice. Press Release. August 11, 1999"
107:
31:
1604:
898:
888:
666:
Puerto Rican community celebrates release of political prisoner.
1672:
Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
893:
769:
U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee (September 21, 1999).
411:"Puerto Rican Inmate Has No Regrets For His Terrorist Actions"
858:
352:
350:
359:"12 Imprisoned Puerto Ricans Accept Clemency Conditions"
254:"12 Imprisoned Puerto Ricans Accept Clemency Conditions"
347:
1667:
Puerto Rican people convicted of seditious conspiracy
744:"Lolita Lebrón, Puerto Rican Nationalist, Dies at 90"
487:"Eleven Puerto Rican Nationalists Freed from Prison"
384:"Eleven Puerto Rican Nationalists Freed from Prison"
163:
441:
The Puerto Rican movement: voices from the diaspora
955:Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation
274:
272:
270:
268:
266:
1618:
45:
263:
1657:Imprisoned Puerto Rican independence activists
356:
844:
437:
327:
325:
1662:Recipients of American presidential clemency
607:August 1991 and December 2003. Updated 2005.
715:
278:
851:
837:
322:
247:
142:, with some being more vocal than others.
130:extended him clemency. Clinton cited Rev.
1652:Northeastern Illinois University faculty
945:Hostosian National Independence Movement
433:
431:
30:who received a sentence of 35 years for
925:Independence Association of Puerto Rico
147:U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee
73:
36:United States Penitentiary in Lewisburg
1619:
1588:La Borinqueña by Lola Rodríguez de Tío
1532:Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s
982:Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional
741:
408:
1557:U.S. Capitol shooting incident (1954)
832:
428:
101:
865:Independence movement in Puerto Rico
357:John M. Broder (September 8, 1999).
409:Hanley, Charles J. (May 10, 1998).
13:
742:Martin, Douglas (August 3, 2010).
231:Puerto Rican independence movement
56:Puerto Rican Independence Movement
14:
1683:
816:United Nations General Assembly.
582:United Nations General Assembly.
859:
773:. Rpc.senate.gov. Archived from
279:ProLIBERTAD (October 30, 1995).
180:
166:
80:Northeastern Illinois University
935:Puerto Rican Independence Party
809:
762:
735:
709:
683:
657:
622:
596:
575:
549:
527:
505:
479:
310:Denver Westword, July 12, 1995.
64:University of Illinois, Chicago
1471:Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach
1103:José "Aguila Blanca" Maldonado
940:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
465:
402:
376:
319:Retrieved on November 21, 2008
299:
1:
1492:Ducoudray Holstein Expedition
1406:Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila
1166:Gilberto Concepción de Gracia
1018:María de las Mercedes Barbudo
716:Danica Coto (July 28, 2010).
241:
46:Early years and personal life
1552:Truman assassination attempt
930:Liberal Party of Puerto Rico
654:. Retrieved August 28, 2010.
50:Alberto was born in 1953 in
7:
1542:San Juan Nationalist revolt
1151:Marie Haydée Beltrán Torres
444:. Temple University Press.
206:Juan Enrique Segarra-Palmer
159:
10:
1688:
920:Union Party of Puerto Rico
84:Governors State University
1647:Puerto Rican nationalists
1596:
1575:
1484:
1274:
1246:María de Lourdes Santiago
1241:Manuel Rodríguez Orellana
1116:
1083:Antonio Valero de Bernabé
990:
963:
912:
871:
680:Carlos Alberto Torres..."
642:January 12, 2012, at the
315:January 28, 2012, at the
1637:Criminals from the Bronx
1078:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
1048:Francisco Ramírez Medina
1038:Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón
1562:Cerro Maravilla murders
1507:Levantamiento de Ciales
1466:Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff
1386:Tomás López de Victoria
1371:Andres Figueroa Cordero
1361:Carmelo Delgado Delgado
1181:José M. Dávila Monsanto
1043:Antonio Mattei Lluberas
1033:Francisco Gonzalo Marín
1028:Eugenio María de Hostos
998:Ramón Emeterio Betances
913:Political organizations
1642:History of Puerto Rico
1461:Antonio Vélez Alvarado
1356:Isabel Freire de Matos
1346:Juan Antonio Corretjer
1296:Margot Arce de Vázquez
1126:Antonio Rafael Barceló
1053:José Gualberto Padilla
991:19th century activists
971:Cadets of the Republic
964:Militant organizations
672:July 31, 2010, at the
631:Five Years of Tyranny.
612:July 15, 2010, at the
438:Andrés Torres (1998).
1421:Helen Rodríguez Trías
1401:Francisco Matos Paoli
1366:Raimundo Díaz Pacheco
1326:Rafael Cancel Miranda
1261:Carlos Alberto Torres
1161:Cayetano Coll y Cuchí
1117:20th and 21st century
1058:Lola Rodríguez de Tió
872:Indigenous resistance
635:Congressional Record.
236:Rafael Cancel Miranda
201:Carlos Alberto Torres
134:and former President
16:Puerto Rican activist
1512:Río Piedras massacre
1216:Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
1196:Víctor Manuel Gerena
1131:Félix Benítez Rexach
976:Boricua Popular Army
618:political prisoners.
493:. September 10, 1999
472:Peoples Law Office.
390:. September 10, 1999
74:Seditious conspiracy
1583:Grito de Lares flag
1476:Olga Viscal Garriga
1451:Clemente Soto Vélez
1441:Vidal Santiago Díaz
1351:José Ferrer Canales
1286:Pedro Albizu Campos
1236:Ángel Rivero Méndez
1221:Antonio S. Pedreira
1206:Luis Lloréns Torres
1201:Edwin Irizarry Mora
1073:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
664:Chicago Sun-Times.
652:Pedro Albizu Campos
648:political prisoners
591:political prisoners
563:. September 9, 1999
306:Prendergast, Alan.
256:by John M. Broder.
216:Pedro Albizu Campos
140:political prisoners
116:international court
1502:Intentona de Yauco
1456:Griselio Torresola
1411:Ruth Mary Reynolds
1306:Casimiro Berenguer
1256:Alejandrina Torres
1211:Oscar López Rivera
1176:Pedro Ortiz Dávila
1093:Fernando Fernandez
1088:Manuel Zeno Gandía
801:has generic name (
748:The New York Times
678:political prisoner
363:The New York Times
287:. Hartford-hwp.com
258:The New York Times
196:Oscar López Rivera
174:Puerto Rico portal
102:Political prisoner
60:civil disobedience
1614:
1613:
1526:Ley de la Mordaza
1416:Germán Rieckehoff
1331:José Coll y Cuchí
1278:Nationalist Party
1191:Leopoldo Figueroa
1141:Americo Boschetti
637:August 14, 1939.)
633:(Recorded in the
415:The Seattle Times
260:September 8, 1999
20:Alberto Rodriguez
1679:
1068:Juan Ríus Rivera
1003:Mariana Bracetti
863:
853:
846:
839:
830:
829:
824:
813:
807:
806:
800:
796:
794:
786:
784:
782:
777:on March 1, 2012
766:
760:
759:
757:
755:
739:
733:
732:
730:
728:
713:
707:
706:
704:
702:
687:
681:
661:
655:
626:
620:
600:
594:
579:
573:
572:
570:
568:
553:
547:
546:
544:
542:
531:
525:
524:
522:
520:
509:
503:
502:
500:
498:
483:
477:
469:
463:
462:
460:
458:
435:
426:
425:
423:
421:
406:
400:
399:
397:
395:
380:
374:
373:
371:
369:
354:
345:
344:
342:
340:
329:
320:
308:End of the Line.
303:
297:
296:
294:
292:
276:
261:
251:
190:
188:Biography portal
185:
184:
183:
176:
171:
170:
169:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1592:
1571:
1547:Utuado Uprising
1537:Jayuya Uprising
1480:
1321:Nemesio Canales
1311:Julia de Burgos
1301:Elías Beauchamp
1291:José S. Alegría
1277:
1270:
1231:Miguel Poventud
1118:
1112:
1013:Roberto Cofresí
1008:Mathias Brugman
986:
959:
950:Socialist Front
908:
867:
857:
827:
814:
810:
798:
797:
788:
787:
780:
778:
767:
763:
753:
751:
740:
736:
726:
724:
722:Huffington Post
714:
710:
700:
698:
689:
688:
684:
674:Wayback Machine
662:
658:
644:Wayback Machine
627:
623:
614:Wayback Machine
601:
597:
580:
576:
566:
564:
555:
554:
550:
540:
538:
533:
532:
528:
518:
516:
511:
510:
506:
496:
494:
485:
484:
480:
470:
466:
456:
454:
452:
436:
429:
419:
417:
407:
403:
393:
391:
382:
381:
377:
367:
365:
355:
348:
338:
336:
331:
330:
323:
317:Wayback Machine
304:
300:
290:
288:
277:
264:
252:
248:
244:
186:
181:
179:
172:
167:
165:
162:
112:prisoner of war
104:
92:prisoner of war
76:
52:Bronx, New York
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1685:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1517:Ponce massacre
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1497:Grito de Lares
1494:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1436:Isolina Rondón
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1316:Blanca Canales
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1282:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1186:Elizam Escobar
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1146:Juan Mari Brás
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1122:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
994:
992:
988:
987:
985:
984:
979:
973:
967:
965:
961:
960:
958:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
916:
914:
910:
909:
907:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
875:
873:
869:
868:
856:
855:
848:
841:
833:
826:
825:
821:June 12, 2006.
808:
761:
734:
708:
697:. May 26, 2010
682:
656:
621:
595:
587:June 12, 2006.
574:
548:
526:
504:
478:
464:
450:
427:
401:
375:
346:
321:
298:
283:Arm the Spirit
262:
245:
243:
240:
239:
238:
233:
228:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
192:
191:
177:
161:
158:
103:
100:
75:
72:
47:
44:
26:member of the
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1684:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:Living people
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1446:Daniel Santos
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1431:Isabel Rosado
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1391:Hugo Margenat
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1381:Lolita Lebrón
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:Oscar Collazo
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1136:Rubén Berríos
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1108:Marcos Xiorro
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1098:Agustín Stahl
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1023:José de Diego
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
993:
989:
983:
980:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
966:
962:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
915:
911:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
854:
849:
847:
842:
840:
835:
834:
831:
822:
820:
812:
804:
799:|author=
792:
776:
772:
765:
750:. Puerto Rico
749:
745:
738:
723:
719:
712:
696:
692:
686:
679:
675:
671:
668:
667:
660:
653:
649:
645:
641:
638:
636:
632:
625:
619:
615:
611:
608:
606:
599:
593:..." (page 1)
592:
588:
586:
578:
562:
558:
552:
537:. Justice.gov
536:
530:
514:
508:
492:
488:
482:
476:
475:
468:
453:
451:9781566396189
447:
443:
442:
434:
432:
416:
412:
405:
389:
385:
379:
364:
360:
353:
351:
335:. Justice.gov
334:
328:
326:
318:
314:
311:
309:
302:
286:
284:
275:
273:
271:
269:
267:
259:
255:
250:
246:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
226:Lolita Lebrón
224:
222:
221:Oscar Collazo
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
194:
193:
189:
178:
175:
164:
157:
154:
152:
148:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
123:
119:
117:
113:
109:
99:
95:
93:
87:
85:
81:
71:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
43:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
1603:
1525:
1426:Hiram Rosado
1396:René Marqués
1376:Irvin Flores
1341:Rosa Collazo
1276:Puerto Rican
1226:Pedro Pietri
1063:Manuel Rojas
978:(Macheteros)
884:Agüeybaná II
817:
811:
779:. Retrieved
775:the original
764:
752:. Retrieved
747:
737:
725:. Retrieved
721:
711:
699:. Retrieved
694:
685:
677:
665:
659:
647:
634:
630:
624:
617:
604:
598:
590:
583:
577:
565:. Retrieved
560:
551:
539:. Retrieved
529:
517:. Retrieved
507:
495:. Retrieved
490:
481:
474:Puerto Rico.
473:
467:
455:. Retrieved
440:
418:. Retrieved
414:
404:
392:. Retrieved
387:
378:
366:. Retrieved
362:
337:. Retrieved
307:
301:
289:. Retrieved
282:
257:
249:
211:Edwin Cortes
155:
150:
144:
136:Jimmy Carter
132:Desmond Tutu
128:Bill Clinton
124:
120:
105:
96:
88:
77:
68:
49:
40:Bill Clinton
24:Puerto Rican
19:
18:
1627:1953 births
1266:Iris Zavala
1251:Piri Thomas
1171:Juan Dalmau
879:Agüeybaná I
781:January 17,
754:January 17,
727:January 17,
701:January 17,
567:January 17,
541:January 17,
519:January 17,
497:January 17,
457:January 17,
420:January 17,
394:January 17,
368:January 17,
339:January 17,
291:January 17,
1621:Categories
242:References
108:combatants
1156:Roy Brown
1119:activists
515:. Bop.gov
32:seditious
1605:Claridad
819:Vieques.
791:cite web
695:Fox News
670:Archived
640:Archived
610:Archived
585:Vieques.
313:Archived
160:See also
151:Newsweek
1576:Symbols
1522:Gag Law
904:Urayoán
899:Jumacao
889:Arasibo
1485:Events
894:Hayuya
448:
22:was a
1597:Media
803:help
783:2012
756:2012
729:2012
703:2012
569:2012
543:2012
521:2012
499:2012
459:2012
446:ISBN
422:2012
396:2012
370:2012
341:2012
293:2012
28:FALN
561:CNN
491:CNN
388:CNN
1623::
795::
793:}}
789:{{
746:.
720:.
693:.
559:.
489:.
430:^
413:.
386:.
361:.
349:^
324:^
265:^
1528:)
1524:(
852:e
845:t
838:v
805:)
785:.
758:.
731:.
705:.
571:.
545:.
523:.
501:.
461:.
424:.
398:.
372:.
343:.
295:.
285:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.