268:
666:
Almanac; there must be no further mention of the Comte de Lille, nor of any German prince other than those retained by the
Articles of Confederation of the Rhine. You are to insist that the article be transmitted to you prior to publication. If other almanacs are printed in my allies' realms with inappropriate references to the Bourbons and the House of France, instruct my ministers to make it known that you have taken note, and that this is to be changed by next year."
923:
671:
873:(Princely Houses, the red volumes) continues with the publication of the genealogies of the European royal, princely and ducal houses, divided into the three sections as previously with Gotha and GHdA, but focuses on their current family members and refers to older volumes of the latter publications with regard to generations that are longer in the past. The publisher and editor of the new GGH publication is the
712:, from 1877 the mediatized German princes and counts, i.e. the formerly ruling houses of the Holy Roman Empire, were grouped together as section II in order to emphasize their significance in the Old Empire as well as their right of equality with the ruling houses in the German Confederation and the New Empire, while the (never ruling) German and foreign titular princes have been moved to section III.
29:
910:. Rather, they are recorded alternately in successive volumes. Therefore it is necessary to use multiple volumes to trace all of Europe's royal families. With regard to the current information, the archive works together with the respective family heads and is dependent on the cooperation and consent of the families for reasons of
708:, i.e. ruling and princely families listed in the court calendar, have been divided into three groups: (1) current sovereigns and their houses, (2) other princely and ducal houses in Germany, France and Italy and (3) mediatized German houses characterized by equality with the ruling houses. After the founding of the new
1084:; deposed sovereigns and dynasties continued to be accorded their former titles and rank, but dates of deposition were noted, and titles exclusively associated with sovereignty (e.g. emperor, queen, grand duke, crown princess) were not accorded to those who had not borne them during the monarchy. Titles of
1056:
Families that ceased to be included for other reasons, such as lack of proof of a family's legitimate descendants or discovery that it did not hold a valid princely or ducal title, were omitted from then on, but added, along with dates of previous insertion, to a list after the last section of each
1048:
lineage). Families of some
Italian and East European nations (e.g. Russia, Romania), where the princely title was claimed by many, were also incomplete. Yet the reigning, formerly reigning and noble families included in the almanac numbered in the hundreds by the time the almanac ceased publication
221:
from Justus
Perthes Verlag Gotha GmbH, then a fully-owned subsidiary of Ernst Klett Schulbuchverlag GmbH, Stuttgart. The last edition produced by Justus Perthes was the 181st, produced in 1944. After a gap of 54 years the first of the new editions (the 182nd) was published in 1998 with English, the
1052:
In 1890 the almanac renamed II A to section II, and II B to section III. Dynasties reigning over non-European nations were listed in section I B. Families which became extinct were listed for the final time in the year following the death of the last member, male or female, and subsequent editions
298:
and then, in alphabetical order, other families of princely rank, reigning and non-reigning. Although always published in French, other almanacs in French and
English were more widely sold internationally. The almanac's structure changed and its scope expanded over the years. The second portion,
1088:
below sovereign rank were accorded to members of formerly reigning dynasties as reported by heads of their houses, otherwise self-assumed titles were not used. The almanac included an explicit disclaimer announcing that known biographical details, such as birth dates and divorces, would not be
665:
as if no change has been made in the constitution of
Germany; the family of France is named inappropriately therein. Summon the Minister of Gotha, who is to be made to understand that in the next Almanach all of this is to be changed. The House of France must be referred to as in the Imperial
198:, it came to be regarded as an authority in the classification of monarchies and their courts, reigning and former dynasties, princely and ducal families, and the genealogical, biographical and titulary details of Europe's highest level of aristocracy. It was published from 1785 annually by
226:
in the place of French or German. Perthes regards the resultant volumes as new works, and not as a continuation of the editions which
Perthes had published from 1785 to 1944. Two volumes have been printed since 1998, with Volume I containing lists of the sovereign, formerly sovereign and
630:) did not benefit from a similar interpretation of their historical status in the almanac. Many princely or ducal families were listed only in its third, non-dynastic section or were excluded altogether, evoking criticism in the 20th century from such genealogists as
1277:, "The Lesser Princes of the Holy Roman Empire in the Napoleonic Era" dissertation, Washington, DC, 1950, published as Les Princes du St-Empire Ă l'Ă©poque napolĂ©onienne (Louvain, 1951) 15ff, quoted in Almanach de Gotha (Almanach de Gotha, London, 1998) pp. 275â286.
1080:) had ceased to be recognized by national governments (e.g. Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia), the almanac provided associated dates and details, but continued to attribute such titles and styles to individuals and families, consistent with its practice since the
961:, as the editor felt that English was now the language of diplomacy. Charlotte Pike served as editor of the 1998 edition only and John Kennedy as managing director and publisher. The new publishers also revived the Committee of Patrons under the presidency of
914:. Because of this required legwork, not that many princely and ducal houses of France, the UK, Italy and other countries are included, while the German ones, as well as the ruling and formerly ruling royal families of Europe are covered quite reliably.
426:. In 1812, these entries began to be listed in groups: first were German sovereigns who held the rank of grand duke or prince elector and above (the Duke of Saxe-Gotha was, however, listed here along with, but before, Franceâsee below).
992:
praised the 2012 volume I for a "punctilious itemisation of titles, lineage and heraldry for scholarship rather than sensation ..." Since 2022 the
Italian publisher Ettore Gallelli, has published the Gotha Calendar in Italian.
1028:, genealogies confirmed by competent authorities, documents, decrees and references for titles claimed. Europe's middle and lower nobility (families whose principal title ranked below that of prince or duke â except
856:. The book series produced several volumes of all sections each year, often containing new, first-time post-war entries, with the respective families being updated about once every 10 to 20 years. In 2013 the publisher
259:
had more than 1200 pages, fewer than half of which were dedicated to monarchical or aristocratic data. It acquired a reputation for the breadth and precision of its information on royalty and nobility compared to other
685:. A merged version, whose first section (Princely houses) included recently reigning dynasties but also the titulature of families that lost sovereignty after the fall of Napoleon in 1815, remained in publication as
144:
976:
The London publisher produced a further four editions of volume I (1999, 2000, 2003 and 2004), based on the 1998 edition, which included Europe's and South
America's reigning, formerly reigning, and
986:
criticised the low editorial standards and attacked volume II for a lack of genealogical accuracy. A new edition of volume I was published in 2012 under the editorship of John James. A review in
681:
The response of the publishers was to humour
Napoleon by producing two editions: one for France, with the recently ennobled, and another which included dynasties deposed since abolition of the
980:
princely houses, and a single edition of volume II in 2001 edited by John
Kennedy and Ghislain Crassard, which included other non-sovereign princely and ducal houses of Europe. A review in
1184:
267:
516:
as belonging, since 1825, to the same historical category and sharing some of the same privileges as reigning dynasties because they previously held the rank of ruling
548:) to reigning dynasties. In 1877, the mediatized comital families were moved from section III to section II A, where they joined the princely mediatized families.
949:) then sold these rights in 1995 to a new company, Almanach de Gotha Limited, formed in London. The new publisher launched the 182nd edition on 16 March 1998 at
1673:
504:
In 1841 a third section was added to those of the sovereign dynasties and the non-reigning princely and ducal families. It was composed exclusively of the
1563:
1005:
and etiquette, and to tender congratulations and condolences to members of the dynasty of the nation to which they were assigned, the almanac included a
231:
houses of Europe, and a diplomatic and statistical directory; and Volume II containing lists of the non-sovereign princely and ducal houses of Europe.
294:
in Germany. The almanac listed the reigning dynasty of that court first well into the 19th century, usually followed by kindred sovereigns of the
494:
1618:
1072:
From 1927, the almanac ceased to include all families in each year's edition, and instead rotated entries every few years. Where titles and
882:
661:"Monsieur de Champagny, this year's "Almanach de Gotha" is badly done. First comes the Comte de Lille , followed by all the princes of the
869:(GGH) â (Gothaic Genealogical Handbook) continues the annual publication of the substantially same content as GHdA since 2015. Its subset
704:
began to include non-European dynasties in its first section, with the inclusion of one of the ruling families of India. Since 1824, the
191:
1337:
247:
and formerly reigning houses, those of Europe being more complete than those of other continents. It also named the highest incumbent
1816:
1648:
1188:
1312:
248:
1366:
Gothaisches Genealogisches Handbuch der FĂŒrstlichen HĂ€user, Band I. Verlag des Deutschen Adelsarchivs. Marburg. 2015. (German).
865:
1721:
1701:
1433:
1371:
1168:
466:
1467:
654:
631:
820:
1493:
1009:("Diplomats' Calendar") section, which detailed major national holidays, anniversaries, ceremonies and royal birthdates.
199:
90:
1796:
1755:
1138:
1335:
A (not totally, but rather complete) list of the European princely and ducal houses of section III of Gotha is here:
758:
1781:
551:
In the third section were members of such non-reigning but historically notable princely or ducal families such as
315:("Genealogical Yearbook"), came to consist essentially of three sections: reigning and formerly reigning families,
478:
367:
1806:
1098:
517:
429:
Listed next were Germany's reigning ducal and princely dynasties under the heading "College of Princes", e.g.
1737:
a valuable bibliography and index to the families which appeared in various editions of the Almanach de Gotha
1357:: After bankruptcy, the publisher Starke was taken over by new owners in 2018 who continue 60% of its titles.
988:
756:(Gotha genealogical paperback). This format has since been widely replicated in dynastic compilations (e.g.
902:
the families of German and European royal, princely and ducal families that were annually included in the
1801:
970:
962:
1287:
662:
635:
82:
824:(GHdA) - (Genealogical Handbook of Nobility). Like its Gotha predecessor it was divided into subsets (
1626:
1513:
1264:
Fra Cyril Toumanoff, "Genealogical Imperialism" (1985) vol 6 (no 134) (NS) Coat of Arms pp. 145, 147.
1073:
462:
334:
houses, whether they reigned as emperor, king, grand duke, duke, prince, or some other title such as
1776:
860:
ceased to continue to publish new books in this series after a contract termination by the author.
1590:
576:
1667:
355:
217:. In 1998, a London-based publisher, John Kennedy, acquired the rights for use of the title of
1409:
1118:
1024:
continued the practice of strict verification of information, requesting certified copies of
1001:
As it was the practice of the diplomatic corps to employ official titles, to adhere to local
646:
603:
584:
291:
51:
1811:
1247:
1032:
families, listed in a section of their own) were not included in the almanac. Nor were the
1029:
977:
966:
513:
316:
228:
195:
461:. Fourth were listed non-reigning dukes and princes, whether mediatized or not, including
8:
1622:
1568:
1037:
1002:
950:
911:
811:
541:
498:
719:
was later expanded to include the four series of paperbacks for the German and Austrian
689:(Gothaic court calendar). The almanac was published in a German and a French edition as
354:. Until 1810 these sovereign houses were listed alongside such families and entities as
1743:
1103:
1020:, fewer regulatory authorities remained to authenticate the use of titles; however the
767:
529:
434:
415:
363:
175:, as well as statistical data by country. First published in 1763 by C. W. Ettinger in
1449:
1821:
1751:
1717:
1697:
1429:
1396:
1383:
1367:
1164:
1081:
682:
619:
607:
537:
505:
450:
446:
375:
1354:
954:
645:
Even in the early 19th century there were objections to the almanac's retention of
509:
454:
423:
379:
252:
172:
474:
1509:
1471:
1128:
1077:
958:
639:
580:
564:
407:
383:
359:
295:
148:
243:
provided detailed facts and statistics on nations of the world, including their
1223:
1123:
1113:
1045:
1040:
of Portugal and Spain (where titles, being transmissible through both male and
1025:
934:
887:
has always been the author of both GHdA and GGH. In contentious questions, the
627:
552:
419:
411:
395:
347:
335:
287:
271:
213:
In 1992, the family of Justus Perthes re-established its right to use the name
55:
1063:
Liste des Maisons authrefois publiées dans la 3e partie de l'Almanach de Gotha
1790:
1595:
1540:
1518:
1291:
1133:
982:
709:
649:
dynasties, although not necessarily the desired changes. The elected Emperor
623:
560:
556:
525:
458:
442:
255:, and Europe's upper nobility with their families. At its most extensive the
1748:
Almanac of Wurzburg 2018 - International Directory of Royal and Noble Houses
1108:
815:
795:
787:
642:
the latter commenting that the changes displayed "pan-German triumphalism"
596:
430:
319:
and non-sovereign families at least one of whose members bore the title of
176:
156:
588:
1017:
1013:
922:
670:
615:
568:
486:
403:
387:
331:
592:
304:
164:
844:(Princely Houses) subset is largely equivalent to the German language
1085:
852:
volume which was published by Perthes, or sections 1, 2 and 3 of the
748:(since 1907). The series continued until 1944, but in 1939 its title
743:
572:
490:
482:
399:
343:
180:
1410:
Leaflet on publishing genealogies in the Gotha Genealogical Handbook
818:, published a multi-volume German-language publication entitled the
1274:
1041:
650:
521:
470:
339:
168:
160:
794:
at the Perthes publishing company. Gotha became part of communist
1226:, Gotha, 1944, pp. 7â12, 131, 169, 363â364, 558, 581â584. French.
1033:
611:
371:
308:
261:
449:. They were followed by heads of non-German monarchies, such as
276:
Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Freiherrlichen HĂ€user
783:
736:
391:
320:
203:
1065:("List of Houses formerly published in the 3rd section of the
532:
had authorized â and Article 14 of the German Confederation's
28:
729:
724:
438:
244:
187:
1771:
128:
1691:
1423:
1158:
790:
in 1945, they systematically destroyed all archives of the
351:
324:
184:
1649:"And dark the Sun and Moon, and the Almanach de Gotha..."
520:; these families were German with a few exceptions (e.g.
307:
and governmental information by nation, similar to other
1708:, contains a History of the Almanach de Gotha 1763â2018.
1733:
Die Gothaischen Taschenbucher Hofkalener und Almanach
1730:
1619:"Almanach de Gotha 2012. Volume I, parts I & II"
1254:. UK: Chapman & Hall. pp. 21, 23â24, 28â30.
544:
for marital purposes of mediatized families (called
1317:. Vol. XVI. France: Imprimerie Impériale. 1864
917:
303:("Diplomatic and Statistical Yearbook"), provided
1696:. London: Almanach de Gotha. pp. 1355â1367.
1564:"Family almanac will unmask the noble pretenders"
1061:(Genealogical Yearbook), which page was entitled
1044:, were regularly inherited by descendants of non-
16:Directory of European royalty and higher nobility
1788:
1672:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1583:
969:. Upon his death, King Michael was succeeded by
937:re-established its right to the use of the name
234:
1654:. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013
653:protested in writing to his foreign minister,
1397:Tasks of the German Nobility Rights Committee
1345:). There are also lists of sections I and II.
801:
777:
512:rank recognized by the various states of the
1415:
66:French, German (original), English (current)
1711:
1286:
1246:
1163:. London: Almanach de Gotha. p. 1366.
1150:
774:, Ruvigny's "Titled Nobility of Europe").
202:Publishing House in Gotha, until 1944. The
1735:(in German). Starke Verlag, Limburg/Lahn.
1425:Almanach de Gotha 2019, Volumes I & II
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
806:From 1951 to 2013, a different publisher,
536:(charter) recognized â retention from the
27:
1541:"Société des Amis de l'Almanach de Gotha"
330:The first section always listed Europe's
1508:
1502:
921:
669:
266:
1742:
1591:"The Almanach de Gotha â Gothic horror"
1561:
1555:
1229:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1789:
1494:Upper crust toasts aristocrat studbook
1177:
754:Gothaisches genealogisches Taschenbuch
1782:Almanach de Gotha at Internet Archive
1777:Scanned versions of the old almanachs
1731:Freiherr von Fritsch, Thomas (1968).
1689:
1421:
1156:
884:Union of German nobility associations
798:and the publisher ceased operations.
222:new diplomatic language, used as the
1203:
677:, published by Justus Perthes (1905)
301:Annuaire diplomatique et statistique
1470:. Almanach de Gotha. Archived from
1360:
866:Gothaisches Genealogisches Handbuch
768:Burke's Royal Families of the World
13:
1683:
1109:Debrett's Peerage & Baronetage
14:
1833:
1765:
1384:Verlag des Deutschen Adelsarchivs
1273:Duke and Prince Jean Engelbert d'
1053:referred readers to that volume.
894:However, no single volume of the
875:Verlag des Deutschen Adelsarchivs
821:Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels
759:Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels
1817:Publications established in 1763
1693:Almanach de Gotha 2018, Volume I
1562:Hardman, Robert (19 June 2001).
1187:. Justus Perthes. Archived from
1160:Almanach de Gotha 2018, Volume I
1139:Annuario della NobiltĂ Italiana
947:Ernst Klett Schulbuchverlag GmbH
943:Justus Perthes Verlag Gotha GmbH
889:German Nobility Rights Committee
518:Princes of the Holy Roman Empire
311:. Its first portion, called the
1641:
1611:
1533:
1486:
1460:
1442:
1403:
1389:
1377:
1348:
1099:Almanach de Bruxelles (defunct)
918:London publication (since 1998)
632:Jean-Engelbert, Duke d'Arenberg
1712:de Diesbach, Ghislain (1967).
1422:James, John (1 January 2019).
1329:
1305:
1280:
1267:
1258:
741:(since 1900) and the untitled
1:
1652:The Times Literary Supplement
1428:. London: Almanach de Gotha.
1144:
989:The Times Literary Supplement
235:Gotha publication (1763â1944)
155:) is a directory of Europe's
74:Nobility, heraldry, genealogy
1690:James, John (1 April 2018).
1412:(on the publisher's Website)
1314:Correspondance de Napoléon I
1157:James, John (1 April 2018).
996:
290:began at the ducal court of
7:
1288:Reitwiesner, William Addams
1092:
971:Albert II, Prince of Monaco
963:King Juan Carlos I of Spain
877:(publishing company of the
734:(since 1848), the untitled
163:, also including the major
10:
1838:
1386:(Website of the publisher)
929:, 2019, Volumes I & II
802:Recent German publications
778:World War II and aftermath
636:William Addams Reitwiesner
528:). The 1815 treaty of the
1797:Biographical dictionaries
1514:"The first book of kings"
1007:Calendrier des Diplomates
967:King Michael I of Romania
606:European dynasties (e.g.
124:
116:
108:
98:
78:
70:
62:
47:
42:
26:
898:of GHdA or GGH includes
891:of this union decides.
881:). This archive of the
879:German Nobility Archive
846:Gothaischer Hofkalender
691:Gothaischer Hofkalender
687:Gothaischer Hofkalender
153:Gothaischer Hofkalender
1807:Genealogy publications
1450:"Notice of Disclaimer"
933:In 1992 the family of
930:
678:
668:
469:and his son Gabriel),
279:
152:
1248:de Diesbach, Ghislain
1119:High Life de Belgique
1059:Annuaire Genealogique
1016:and the fall of many
925:
673:
659:
313:Annuaire généalogique
292:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
270:
52:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1714:Secrets of the Gotha
1623:Boydell & Brewer
1454:www.thegazette.co.uk
1252:Secrets of the Gotha
965:and chairmanship of
953:. It was written in
750:Gotha court calendar
514:German Confederation
196:Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
109:Published in English
1569:The Daily Telegraph
1543:. Almanach de Gotha
1474:on 11 February 2006
1341:(German article on
1222:Almanach de Gotha.
1185:"Almanach de Gotha"
912:information privacy
727:, since 1825), the
356:Barbiano-Belgiojoso
317:mediatized families
208:Almanach de Gotha's
23:
1802:Nobility in Europe
1716:. Meredith Press.
1468:"The Modern Gotha"
931:
679:
530:Congress of Vienna
364:Colloredo-Mansfeld
280:
210:archives in 1945.
21:
1772:Almanach de Gotha
1723:978-1-5661908-6-2
1703:978-0-9933725-6-8
1599:. 24 January 2002
1435:978-0-9933725-8-2
1372:978-3-9817243-0-1
1170:978-0-9933725-6-8
1082:French Revolution
1067:Almanach de Gotha
1022:Almanach de Gotha
945:(a subsidiary of
939:Almanach de Gotha
927:Almanach de Gotha
908:Almanach de Gotha
896:FĂŒrstliche HĂ€user
871:FĂŒrstliche HĂ€user
854:Almanach de Gotha
850:FĂŒrstliche HĂ€user
842:FĂŒrstliche HĂ€user
792:Almanach de Gotha
764:FĂŒrstliche HĂ€user
695:Almanach de Gotha
683:Holy Roman Empire
675:Almanach de Gotha
542:equality of birth
526:Rechteren-Limpurg
506:mediatised houses
286:s publication by
251:, members of the
249:officers of state
241:Almanach de Gotha
219:Almanach de Gotha
215:Almanach de Gotha
183:, Germany at the
139:Almanach de Gotha
134:
133:
94:Almanach de Gotha
35:Almanach de Gotha
22:Almanach de Gotha
1829:
1761:
1739:
1727:
1707:
1678:
1677:
1671:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1625:. Archived from
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1510:Runciman, Steven
1506:
1500:
1490:
1484:
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1481:
1479:
1464:
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1457:
1446:
1440:
1439:
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1413:
1407:
1401:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1290:(January 1998).
1284:
1278:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1244:
1227:
1220:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1191:on 3 August 2008
1181:
1175:
1174:
1154:
951:Claridge's Hotel
577:La Rochefoucauld
463:La Rochefoucauld
424:Teutonic Knights
253:diplomatic corps
173:diplomatic corps
147:
129:Official website
31:
24:
20:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1787:
1786:
1768:
1758:
1744:Coberly, Daniel
1724:
1704:
1686:
1684:Further reading
1681:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1507:
1503:
1499:(14 March 1998)
1497:The Independent
1491:
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1129:Social Register
1104:Burke's Peerage
1095:
1078:Serene Highness
999:
920:
834:Baronial Houses
826:Princely Houses
804:
786:troops entered
780:
752:was changed to
706:Princely houses
640:Cyril Toumanoff
538:German Imperial
408:Thurn and Taxis
360:Clary-Aldringen
296:House of Wettin
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83:J. C. Dieterich
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1766:External links
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1629:on 8 July 2011
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1492:Jury, Louise.
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772:Le Petit Gotha
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717:court calendar
445:and the other
420:Order of Malta
348:count palatine
336:prince elector
288:Justus Perthes
272:London Library
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1472:the original
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1046:patrilineal
1014:World War I
957:instead of
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616:Boncompagni
569:Czartoryski
487:Jablonowski
479:FĂŒrstenberg
465:(including
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368:FĂŒrstenberg
305:demographic
299:called the
274:'s copy of
159:and higher
1791:Categories
1658:17 January
1633:8 February
1338:Hoher Adel
1145:References
1030:mediatized
1012:Following
1003:precedence
978:mediatised
540:regime of
481:alongside
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997:Structure
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655:Champagny
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585:Radziwill
573:Galitzine
534:Bundesakt
499:Benevento
491:Sulkowski
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467:Dominique
400:Radziwill
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344:landgrave
332:sovereign
284:Almanach'
181:Thuringia
145:âčSee Tfdâș
102:1763â1944
99:Published
79:Publisher
58:(current)
1822:Almanacs
1746:(2018).
1297:19 April
1275:Arenberg
1250:(1967).
1093:See also
1086:pretence
1034:grandees
848:and its
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522:Bentinck
471:Arenberg
435:Isenburg
422:and the
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340:margrave
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262:almanacs
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169:military
161:nobility
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840:); the
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380:Gonzaga
372:Emperor
278:, 1910.
204:Soviets
157:royalty
125:Website
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746:houses
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177:Gotha
120:Print
112:1998â
104:1998â
71:Genre
1752:ISBN
1718:ISBN
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1674:link
1660:2013
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