614:
598:
88:
582:
771:). The Oxford and Cambridge Universities Act 1877 set up commissioners to look into further reform of the statutes of both universities and of their constituent colleges. Further Royal Commissions into both universities were established in 1919, resulting in the Oxford and Cambridge Universities Act 1923, setting up a commission to again make statutes and regulations for the universities and their colleges. This has resulted in there being two kind of statutes at these universities – those made by the universities themselves, which may be changed by them, and the "Queen-in-Council" statutes made under the 1923 act or the
38:
566:
534:
1999:
550:
239:
207:
223:
127:
175:
111:
159:
143:
191:
95:
876:
Following the creation of the ancient universities, no more universities were created in
Britain and Ireland until the 19th century except three defunct universities in England (Northampton, Stamford and Durham), which were quickly shut down after opening due to strong opposition-lobbying efforts by
709:
Because they award the MA as an undergraduate Arts degree, the ancient universities award differing titles for their postgraduate master's degrees in the Arts and
Humanities, such as the taught Master of Letters ("MLitt (T)"). Some confusion can arise as to whether such degrees are taught degrees or
1016:
Only Durham, London and the Queen's
University of Ireland were recognised as universities at the time of their foundation, granting their first degrees in 1837, 1839 and 1851 respectively. Durham was a collegiate university, London was an examining board, and the Queen's University was a federal
718:
While both universities received grants of liberties and privileges by royal charter, the charters granted to
Cambridge in 1231 and to Oxford in 1248 being the earliest recorded on the Privy Councils list of chartered bodies, neither university was created or incorporated by royal charter. After
524:
on standard texts that they wanted to lecture. Then in the afternoon there would be advanced bachelors that would give lectures that reviews the material learned that morning. Also in the afternoon, the junior masters would discuss about other books of mathematical science or natural philosophy.
747:, about the potential threat this posed to the university. It is evident that the king already had special plans for the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and that they were given special treatment compared to the other schools of England. At Cambridge, for example, King Henry VIII founded
507:
of the church. As the masters in the arts faculty would often also be students in one of the higher faculties, universities used these canonical hours to define periods when the compulsory lectures in the different facilities were given in order to prevent timetable clashes. At
Cambridge, for
754:
In the 19th century a series of acts and commissions reduced the powers of the universities to make their own statutes. A Royal
Commission in 1850 looked into both universities and proposed major reforms to their constitutions. These were enacted by the
701:
The ancient universities in
Scotland confer the MA degree at graduation with honours and a final mark; in contrast, the ancient universities in England and Ireland award the MA purely after a period of good standing following graduation as
1017:
university. The other institutions, while teaching at university level, were colleges, some becoming universities later. In addition, many other universities trace their roots to institutions founded in this period, including the
1495:
1754:
731:
repealed the parts of the 1571 act that required the mayor, aldermen, citizens or municipal officer of the City of Oxford to take any oath for the conservation of the liberties and privileges of the
University of Oxford.
1747:
847:
non-resident head to each university and is elected for life by the respective
General Council, although in actuality a good number of Chancellors resign before the end of their 'term of office'.
87:
1740:
1116:(1893) were the only other universities established in the 1800s, all as federal or examining universities. The first unitary university in the British Isles outside of Scotland was the
1222:
68:
founded before the year 1600. Four of these are located in
Scotland, two in England, and one in Ireland. The ancient universities in Great Britain and Ireland are amongst the
317:
The official website of Oxford has shown, "There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when
2034:
2029:
1501:
1129:
69:
793:, the process beginning with the 1858 Act and ending with the 1966 Act. Despite not being founded until after the first in these series of Acts, the
1532:
254:
1589:
652:. Founded in 1320, it maintained an intermittent existence for the next two centuries, but it never flourished, and disappeared for good at the
633:
213:
1104:
were established as university colleges in the latter half of the 19th century and mostly became universities in the early 20th century. The
871:
728:
1462:
1219:
72:. The ancient universities in Britain are part of twenty-seven culturally significant institutions recognised by the British monarchy as
65:
1176:
1202:
881:
784:
30:
This article is about the oldest universities in Britain and Ireland. For ancient centres of higher education around the world, see
910:
660:. It had no connection with the present University of Dublin, better known as Trinity College Dublin, which was founded in 1592.
73:
1074:
1437:
805:
1082:
971:
719:
existing for the first few centuries of their existence as common law corporations, they were formally incorporated by the
673:
31:
17:
1898:
1070:
1042:
851:
1645:
1404:
1311:
1038:
979:
by royal charter in 1850, with the above Queen's Colleges as constituent institutions (dissolved 1882; replaced by the
1893:
1720:
1336:
1286:
1253:
1009:
657:
1924:
1872:
1374:
1134:
1094:
976:
625:
632:. In addition to these universities, some now-defunct institutions were founded during this period, including the
1090:
648:
which was an early but largely unsuccessful attempt to establish a university in Dublin, the capital city of the
1966:
1026:
994:
984:
1732:
2024:
1837:
988:
949:
888:
760:
720:
645:
637:
613:
229:
789:
The Universities (Scotland) Acts created a distinctive system of governance for the ancient universities in
902:
1105:
980:
764:
432:
1353:
1073:
to St Mary's College (1850). Many medical schools also date from the 18th century or earlier, including
1989:
1691:
1050:
756:
748:
1666:
1018:
998:
916:
772:
669:
597:
880:
Which of the 19th-century institutions should be considered the earliest post-ancient university is
2019:
1117:
1109:
1078:
1058:
1054:
1030:
1005:
926:
624:
These universities are often governed in a quite different fashion to more recent foundations. The
554:
370:
133:
1180:
1069:
to York Diocesan College (1841) and the York Diocesan Institution for Female Teachers (1846), and
581:
352:
after a dispute caused by the execution of two scholars in 1209. It was generally recognised as a
1822:
1802:
1066:
970:
in 1849 and the first institution of higher learning for women in the British Isles; now part of
963:
953:
906:
710:
the most established (and advanced) two-year research degrees, although this is often specified.
602:
538:
451:
337:
181:
117:
1454:
390:
building on earlier bodies established between 1410 and 1413, but officially recognized in 1413
1938:
1152:
1022:
840:
724:
653:
641:
617:
586:
494:
421:
245:
197:
165:
50:
1710:
1615:
1477:
1270:
2003:
1857:
1243:
1146:
1046:
967:
923:
in 1826 under the name "London University" (royal charter as University College, London 1836)
570:
398:
149:
325:." Teaching suspended in 1209 (due to town execution of two scholars) and 1355 (due to the
1932:
1101:
957:
942:
828:
794:
477:
301:
101:
42:
628:
also share several distinctive features and are governed by arrangements laid down by the
37:
8:
1852:
1847:
1812:
1113:
920:
713:
649:
375:
326:
322:
318:
61:
1571:
1279:
Law as Profession and Practice in Medieval Europe: Essays in Honor of James A. Brundage
1086:
1062:
482:
306:
1554:
Rex, Richard (Oct 2022). "The University of Cambridge and the Chantries Act of 1545".
1961:
1716:
1575:
1433:
1400:
1332:
1307:
1282:
1249:
1230:
1140:
936:
932:
768:
440:
1807:
1782:
1563:
1506:
1425:
1203:"King invites leading institutions to reaffirm loyalty to him at historic ceremony"
896:
809:
703:
565:
354:
1518:
1053:
to St John's College, Battersea (1840) and St Mark's College, Chelsea (1841), the
1862:
1226:
892:
832:
820:
813:
683:
679:
516:
510:
504:
735:
Parliament passed the Chantries Act in 1545, which transferred ownership of all
358:
by the late 13th century and this was either confirmed or formally granted by a
1944:
1762:
1510:
744:
533:
1567:
258:
Locations of the ancient universities or colleges (red: extant; blue: defunct)
2013:
1867:
1832:
1429:
844:
521:
463:
1712:
Redbrick: A Social and Architectural History of Britain's Civic Universities
1641:
858:, although at the University of Aberdeen this has recently been renamed the
549:
743:. Members of the University of Cambridge sent letters to the king's wife,
1787:
884:. The main university-level foundations up to the mid 19th century were:
1888:
1842:
801:
740:
558:
436:
410:
387:
380:
359:
714:
Acts of Parliament related to the universities of Oxford and Cambridge
1971:
1817:
836:
606:
542:
456:
342:
767:
removed almost all religious tests from both universities (and from
1976:
1590:"Preface: Constitution and Statute-making Powers of the University"
1354:""The Universities." II.—The University of Dublin: Trinity College"
1108:(1881, as the successor of the Queen's University of Ireland), the
824:
790:
590:
467:
426:
268:
1482:. The Victoria History of the County of Lincoln. pp. 468–474.
1245:
The Medieval English Universities: Oxford and Cambridge to C. 1500
1792:
855:
775:
that can only be changed with permission from the Privy Council.
736:
574:
403:
272:
264:
751:, which would later become an important part of the University.
520:(mid afternoon). In the morning, there were lectures offered by
487:
349:
311:
46:
1455:"Northampton: The ancient English university killed by a king"
1424:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 222–223.
1034:
1420:
Lindberg, David; Shank, Michael (2013). "Medieval Science".
1827:
1763:
University associations and groupings in the United Kingdom
1642:"University of Aberdeen Students' Association Constitution"
1277:. In Kenneth Pennington; Melodie Harris Eichbauer (eds.).
1797:
895:, for which a charter as a university was drawn up under
800:
As a result of these Acts, each of these universities is
678:
The ancient universities are distinctive in awarding the
462:
Established by the town council under the authority of a
1177:"Radcliffe dean to lead historic university in Scotland"
1149:, oldest universities founded during the Empire of Japan
663:
508:
example, only the canon lawyers could lecture between
1987:
1143:, oldest universities in the United States of America
1130:
List of oldest universities in continuous operation
1057:to Winchester Diocesan Training School (1840), the
638:
the university or college at Stamford, Lincolnshire
1494:
1375:"Rise & Progress of Universities – Chapter 17"
503:During the middle ages, universities followed the
497:is the only constituent college of the university
27:British and Irish universities founded before 1600
2035:History of higher education in the United Kingdom
1089:(now part of University College London) in 1746,
2011:
1399:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 252–253.
1171:
1169:
644:, Aberdeenshire (1592–1605). There was also the
2030:Universities and colleges in the United Kingdom
1452:
1029:to the London Mechanics' Institute (1823), the
778:
1692:"ST THOMAS'S HOSPITAL: Medical school records"
1582:
1304:The History of St. Andrews, Ancient and Modern
1268:
1241:
1748:
1708:
1419:
1166:
1049:to Chester Diocesan Training College (1839),
872:List of UK universities by date of foundation
729:Universities of Oxford and Cambridge Act 1859
79:
1505:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1475:
1492:
1301:
1220:A brief history of the University of Oxford
1025:to the School of Arts of Edinburgh (1821),
797:shares all the features contained therein.
321:banned English students from attending the
49:, England, is the oldest university in the
1755:
1741:
1331:. Manchester University Press. p. 3.
1004:Owens College Manchester in 1851, now the
909:in 1822 (royal charter 1828) (now part of
640:(1333–1335), the university or college at
1248:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 58, 59.
785:Ancient university governance in Scotland
682:/Master of Arts (MA) as an undergraduate
493:Founded by charter of Queen Elizabeth I;
1715:. Oxford University Press. p. 128.
1394:
612:
596:
580:
564:
548:
532:
36:
1502:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1041:(1824) and (via Owen's College) to the
911:University of Wales Trinity Saint David
74:privileged bodies of the United Kingdom
70:oldest extant universities in the world
14:
2012:
1696:King's College London College Archives
1351:
1326:
1200:
263:The surviving ancient universities in
1736:
1556:The Journal of Ecclesiastical History
1453:Laurence Cawley (11 September 2016).
1021:to the Andersonian Institute (1796),
865:
1496:"Fraser, Sir Alexander, of Philorth"
1179:. Ukinusa.fco.gov.uk. Archived from
983:, which was in turn replaced by the
972:Royal Holloway, University of London
674:Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)
32:Ancient higher-learning institutions
1899:North West Universities Association
1620:125 Years of Engineering Excellence
1553:
1075:St Thomas's Hospital Medical School
1043:Manchester Royal School of Medicine
664:Undergraduate Master of Arts degree
238:
206:
24:
1465:from the original on Jul 18, 2023.
1388:
1155:, oldest universities in Australia
956:) and Queen's College Galway (now
126:
25:
2046:
1894:Global Medical Excellence Cluster
1709:William Whyte (16 January 2015).
1648:from the original on 8 April 2007
1493:R. P. Wells (23 September 2004).
1137:, oldest universities in Scotland
1087:Middlesex Hospital Medical School
1083:St George's, University of London
1010:Victoria University of Manchester
174:
110:
1997:
1873:White Rose University Consortium
1422:The Cambridge History of Science
1269:Patrick Zutshi (15 April 2016).
1135:Ancient universities of Scotland
1095:Queen Mary, University of London
1071:St Mary's University, Twickenham
852:students' representative council
686:. This is commonly known as the
626:ancient universities of Scotland
237:
222:
221:
205:
189:
173:
158:
157:
141:
125:
109:
93:
86:
1702:
1684:
1667:"Plans for a College in Durham"
1659:
1634:
1608:
1547:
1525:
1486:
1469:
1446:
1413:
1281:. Routledge. pp. 162–170.
1091:London Hospital Medical College
1039:Manchester Mechanics' Institute
142:
1367:
1352:Meenan, James (May 30, 1946).
1345:
1320:
1295:
1262:
1242:Alan B. Cobban (5 July 2017).
1235:
1213:
1201:Elston, Laura (7 March 2023).
1194:
1027:Birkbeck, University of London
995:Catholic University of Ireland
985:National University of Ireland
948:Queen's College Belfast (now,
706:, usually around three years.
658:St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin
190:
94:
13:
1:
1361:TARA - Trinity College Dublin
1302:Jobson Lyon, Charles (2009).
1271:"When did Cambridge become a
1159:
977:Queen's University of Ireland
952:), Queen's College Cork (now
860:Students' Association Council
761:Cambridge University Act 1856
721:Oxford and Cambridge Act 1571
656:(1534–41). It was located in
646:medieval University of Dublin
528:
443:in 1593; they merged in 1860
1519:UK public library membership
939:in 1832 (royal charter 1837)
903:St David's College, Lampeter
831:who also holds the title of
779:Universities (Scotland) Acts
630:Universities (Scotland) Acts
348:Founded by scholars leaving
275:are, in order of formation:
7:
1329:Glasgow: Beginnings to 1830
1123:
1106:Royal University of Ireland
981:Royal University of Ireland
960:) by royal charters in 1845
765:Universities Tests Act 1871
10:
2051:
1671:Durham World Heritage Site
1616:"Royal Commission of 1850"
1533:"List of chartered bodies"
1306:. BiblioLife. p. 68.
1051:Plymouth Marjon University
997:in 1851 (royal charter as
989:Queen's University Belfast
950:Queen's University Belfast
891:(1657–1660) founded under
869:
804:by a tripartite system of
782:
757:Oxford University Act 1854
667:
472:
446:
416:
393:
365:
332:
296:
80:Foundation and development
29:
1954:
1911:
1881:
1775:
1768:
1622:. University of Cambridge
1568:10.1017/S0022046921001494
1081:) between 1693 and 1709,
1019:University of Strathclyde
999:University College Dublin
917:University College London
773:Education Reform Act 1988
670:Master of Arts (Scotland)
634:University of Northampton
374:
305:
66:early modern universities
1430:10.1017/CHO9780511974007
1118:University of Birmingham
1059:University of Roehampton
1055:University of Winchester
1031:University of Manchester
1006:University of Manchester
945:by royal charter in 1836
929:by royal charter in 1829
739:and their properties to
555:University of St Andrews
371:University of St Andrews
1823:N8 Research Partnership
1803:Francis Crick Institute
1395:Pedersen, Olaf (1998).
1327:Devine, Thomas (1995).
1067:York St John University
954:University College Cork
603:University of Edinburgh
539:University of Cambridge
452:University of Edinburgh
435:was founded in 1495 by
338:University of Cambridge
1596:. University of Oxford
1511:10.1093/ref:odnb/10099
1397:The First Universities
1153:Sandstone universities
1023:Heriot-Watt University
877:Oxford and Cambridge.
654:Reformation in Ireland
621:
618:Trinity College Dublin
610:
594:
587:University of Aberdeen
578:
562:
546:
422:University of Aberdeen
60:are British and Irish
53:
51:English-speaking world
1858:Universities Scotland
1476:William Page (1906).
1147:Imperial Universities
1102:redbrick universities
1079:King's College London
1047:University of Chester
968:Elizabeth Jesser Reid
927:King's College London
616:
600:
584:
571:University of Glasgow
568:
552:
536:
399:University of Glasgow
62:medieval universities
40:
2025:Ancient universities
966:, London founded by
958:University of Galway
943:University of London
907:Bishop of St David's
829:University Principal
795:University of Dundee
478:University of Dublin
302:University of Oxford
255:class=notpageimage|
58:ancient universities
43:University of Oxford
18:Ancient universities
1853:University Alliance
1848:Thomas Young Centre
1813:Midlands Innovation
1769:Formal associations
1479:Stamford University
1114:University of Wales
1110:Victoria University
921:joint stock company
650:Lordship of Ireland
413:of Pope Nicholas V
376:Kingdom of Scotland
327:St Scholastica riot
323:University of Paris
1955:Informal groupings
1225:2008-04-11 at the
1063:Whitelands College
882:a matter of debate
866:Later universities
622:
611:
595:
579:
563:
547:
483:Kingdom of Ireland
307:Kingdom of England
287:Nation of Founding
54:
1985:
1984:
1962:Campus university
1907:
1906:
1517:(Subscription or
1439:978-0-511-97400-7
1231:Oxford University
1141:Colonial colleges
1045:(also 1824), the
937:act of parliament
933:Durham University
769:Durham University
694:(Dublin), or the
501:
500:
441:Marischal College
16:(Redirected from
2042:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1993:
1783:Cathedrals Group
1773:
1772:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1734:
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1706:
1700:
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1523:
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1514:
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1490:
1484:
1483:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1273:studium generale
1266:
1260:
1259:
1239:
1233:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1173:
1112:(1881), and the
899:but never sealed
897:Richard Cromwell
850:Each also has a
810:University Court
704:Bachelor of Arts
355:studium generale
278:
277:
241:
240:
225:
224:
209:
208:
193:
192:
177:
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112:
97:
96:
90:
21:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2020:Ancient history
2010:
2009:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1986:
1981:
1967:Golden triangle
1950:
1903:
1877:
1863:Universities UK
1764:
1761:
1731:
1730:
1723:
1707:
1703:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1665:
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1660:
1651:
1649:
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1623:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1599:
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1588:
1587:
1583:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1535:. Privy Council
1531:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1491:
1487:
1474:
1470:
1451:
1447:
1440:
1418:
1414:
1407:
1393:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1377:. Newman Reader
1373:
1372:
1368:
1356:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1300:
1296:
1289:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1240:
1236:
1227:Wayback Machine
1218:
1214:
1207:The Independent
1199:
1195:
1186:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1162:
1126:
964:Bedford College
893:Oliver Cromwell
874:
868:
854:as required by
833:Vice-Chancellor
821:chief executive
814:Academic Senate
806:General Council
787:
781:
749:Trinity College
741:King Henry VIII
716:
684:academic degree
680:Magister Artium
676:
668:Main articles:
666:
531:
505:canonical hours
495:Trinity College
261:
260:
259:
257:
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104:
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82:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2048:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2007:
2006:
2004:United Kingdom
1983:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
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1956:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
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889:Durham College
870:Main article:
867:
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825:chief academic
783:Main article:
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745:Catherine Parr
715:
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522:regent masters
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464:royal charter
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458:
455:
453:
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408:
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385:
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1593:
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725:Elizabeth I
696:Scottish MA
688:Oxbridge MA
642:Fraserburgh
514:(dawn) and
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429:, Scotland
406:, Scotland
383:, Scotland
246:Fraserburgh
214:Northampton
2014:Categories
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1889:1994 Group
1843:SETsquared
1652:2007-04-21
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1381:2012-02-17
1187:2012-02-17
1160:References
841:Chancellor
692:Trinity MA
609:, Scotland
593:, Scotland
577:, Scotland
561:, Scotland
559:St Andrews
529:Governance
490:, Ireland
437:papal bull
411:papal bull
388:papal bull
381:St Andrews
360:Papal bull
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314:, England
134:St Andrews
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343:Cambridge
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118:Cambridge
1977:Oxbridge
1925:Scotland
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1463:Archived
1459:BBC News
1223:Archived
1124:See also
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791:Scotland
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427:Aberdeen
319:Henry II
290:Location
269:Scotland
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1882:Defunct
1808:MedCity
1793:GuildHE
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1600:18 July
1539:18 July
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856:statute
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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