Andrew Fisher - Knowledge

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pension was lowered from sixty-five to sixty. The introduction of the maternity allowance was a major reform, because it enabled more births to be attended by doctors, thus leading to reductions in infant mortality rates. However, the maternity allowance was only available to white women, with the legislation barring "women who are Asiatic, or are aboriginal natives of Australia, Papua or the Pacific Islands" in line with the racial exclusions in the old-age pension. Compulsory preference to trade unionists in federal employment was also introduced, while the Seaman's Compensation Act of 1911 and the Navigation Act of 1912 were enacted to improve conditions for those working at sea, together with compensatory arrangements for seamen and next of kin. Eligibility for pensions was also widened. From December 1912 onwards, naturalised residents no longer had to wait three years to be eligible for a pension. That same year, the value of a pensioner's home was excluded from consideration when assessing the value of their property.

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own party, but as a leader of his country was often compared unfavourably with Deakin and Hughes. In general, his prime ministership was seen as a relatively inconsequential interlude. However, beginning in the 1970s a different view of Fisher began to emerge, which coincided with more of his personal papers becoming available to researchers. His more recent biographers have credited Fisher with establishing Labor as a viable party of government and demonstrating that the party's platform did not have to be sacrificed for political expediency, and argued that he deserves the primary credit for the political and electoral accomplishments of his governments. He is now generally seen as one of the most significant figures in the early years of his party.

1510: 1751:, including Fisher, interviewed witnesses in 1916 and 1917 and issued its final report in 1919. It concluded that the expedition was poorly planned and executed and that difficulties had been underestimated, problems which were exacerbated by supply shortages and by personality clashes and procrastination at high levels. Some 480,000 Allied troops had been dedicated to the failed campaign, with around half in casualties. The report's conclusions were regarded as insipid with no figures (political or military) heavily censured. The report of the commission and information gathered by the inquiry remain a key source of documents on the campaign. 980:. The pair met frequently to discuss politics and would renew their acquaintance later in life. Fisher and Hardie were leaders of the 1881 Ayrshire miners' strike, which was widely seen as a failure. The ten-week strike resulted in only a small pay rise rather than the 10 percent that had been asked for; many workers depleted their savings and some cooperatives came close to bankruptcy. Fisher had originally been opposed to the strike, and unsuccessfully attempted to negotiate a compromise with mine-owners. He lost his job, but soon found work at a different mine. Like many miners, Fisher was a supporter of Gladstone's 3630:, which may have provided a financial incentive for younger children to begin work; however, it would still have been illegal for a nine-year-old to work in the mines. Day instead argues that Fisher remained in school until he was thirteen. His parents were known to value education and could afford to have him stay in school until the legal leaving age. He notes a 1911 interview in which Fisher gave his leaving age as thirteen, and suggests that references to him being underground at an earlier age are ambiguous, as he could have simply been visiting his father and older brother rather than actually working. 1860: 701: 45: 4491: 1924: 1245: 1009: 1338: 1810:. It was judged unsafe for him to be out alone in public, and in 1925 his assets were placed in trust. By 1928, he was unable to sign his own name, and his children were seriously considering having him institutionalised. Fisher contracted a severe case of influenza in September 1928, and eventually died from complications of the disease on 22 October, aged 66. He is one of only three Australian prime ministers to die overseas, and he and 1502:. Fisher's second government also introduced uniform postal charges throughout Australia, carried out measures to break up land monopolies, put forward proposals for closer regulation of working hours, wages and employment conditions, and amended the 1904 Conciliation and Arbitration Act to provide greater authority for the court president, and to allow for Commonwealth employees' industrial unions, registered with the Arbitration Court. 901:, Scotland. He was the second of eight children born to Jane (née Garven or Garvin) and Robert Fisher; he had one older brother, four younger brothers, and two younger sisters. His younger sister died at the age of 10 in 1879, the only one of the siblings not to live to adulthood. Fisher's mother was the daughter of a blacksmith and worked as a domestic servant. On his father's side, he was descended from a long line of 1436: 1103: 1161: 931:, and enjoyed long walks across the countryside. He was athletic, helping form a local football team, and stood 178 centimetres (5 ft 10 in) as an adult, above the average at the time. In later life, Fisher recalled attending four schools as a boy. The exact details are uncertain, but he is known to have finished his schooling in Crosshouse and to have attended a school in nearby 878: 1651:. In December 1914, a War Pensions Act was passed to provide for the grant of Pensions upon the death or incapacity of Members of the Defence Force of the Commonwealth and Members of the Imperial Reserve Forces residents in Australia whose death or incapacity resulted from their employment in connection with warlike operations. 1144:, a newspaper that he was to partly own, was part of his response. Intended as a medium to broadcast Labour's message, the newspaper played a vital role in Fisher's return to parliament in 1899. This time, he was the beneficiary of a scare campaign, in which conservative candidate Francis Power was consistently painted by the 1447:, Labour gained sixteen additional seats to hold a total of forty-two of the seventy-five House of Representatives' seats, and all eighteen Senate seats up for election to hold a total of twenty-two out of thirty-six seats. This gave Labour control of both upper and lower houses and enabled Fisher to form his 1885:, who had planned a full-length biography but died in 1984 before completing it. Clem Lloyd also began a biography in the 1990s, which was unfinished at the time of his death in 2001. The first complete biographies of Fisher did not emerge until the 100th anniversary of his prime ministership. These were 2015:

noting it would not change his humble nature: "To plain Andrew Fisher, who lately refused to-be decorated with empty, unearned University degrees, a Privy Councillorship has been awarded. This is an honor to which our Prime Minister is justly entitled by reason of his inclusion in the secret councils

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praised him as "loyal to his class, courageous in the advocacy of their cause, and absolutely incorruptible". In the decades after his death, a general view emerged of Fisher as a competent rather than brilliant leader. He was praised for successfully managing the conflicting personalities within his

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Fisher's term as High Commissioner officially ended on 22 April 1921, although it concluded with three months' paid leave and he left for Australia on 29 January. He arrived back in Melbourne with no firm plans for his future, but the rapturous receptions he received at labour movement gatherings led

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campaign, with both sides committing Australia to the British Empire. Fisher campaigned on Labor's record of support for an independent Australian defence force, and pledged that Australia would "stand beside the mother country to help and defend her to the last man and the last shilling". Labor won

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and by the following year had become Labour's deputy leader in the Legislative Assembly. In his maiden speech, he pushed for a 50% decrease in military spending and declared support for a federation. He was also active in the Amalgamated Miners Union, becoming President of the Gympie branch by 1891.

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from 1 January 1916 until 1 January 1921. Fisher opposed conscription which made his dealings with Billy Hughes difficult. Hughes asked Fisher for support by cable three weeks before the first referendum, but Fisher cabled back "Am unable to sign appeal. Position forbids." He subsequently refused

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also stood for the position. Fisher was considered to have a better understanding of economic matters, was better at handling caucus, had better relations with the party organisation and the unions, and was more in touch with party opinion. He did not share Hughes' passion for free trade or that of

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in 1888, initially working in the No. 1 North Phoenix mine and then in the South Great Eastern Extended. He continued his involvement in unionism, helping form the Gympie branch of the Amalgamated Miners' Association (AMA) and serving terms as secretary and president. He obtained an engine-driver's

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Fisher spent most of his childhood living in a miners' row, which had an earthen floor and no running water. He was kicked in the head by a cow as a small child, leaving him mostly deaf in one ear. The injury may have contributed to a childhood speech impediment and his reserved nature as an adult.

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With a majority of seats in the Labour-Protectionist government, Labour caucus by early 1908 had become restive as to the future of the Deakin minority government. With the Deakin ministry in trouble, Deakin spoke to Fisher and Watson about a possible coalition, and following a report agreed to it

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A land tax, aimed at breaking up big estates and give wider scope for small-scale farming, was also introduced, while coverage of the Arbitration system was extended to agricultural workers, domestics, and federal public servants. In addition, the age at which women became entitled to the old-age

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dictate his own legacy. Writers interested in the post-Federation era did not generally view him as an attractive biographical subject, which has been attributed to the relative orthodoxy of his political views and a reputation for propriety to the point of dullness. Fisher's 1981 entry in the

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Despite the length of Fisher's service as prime minister, for many years he and his government were given relatively little scholarly attention. His decision to retire to England placed him out of the public eye, while his mental deterioration and early death deprived him of the opportunity to

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Within years of arriving in the town, Fisher had become "an important figure in the Gympie labour movement, straddling both its political and industrial wings". He was a founding member of the Gympie cooperative, and in 1891 became the secretary of the Gympie Joint Labour Committee, the local

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coalminers. According to family tradition, his paternal grandfather was persecuted for his involvement in the fledgling union movement, and on one occasion was left homeless with five young children. Although he was probably only partially literate, Fisher's father was prominent in the local

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Another policy area that captured his attention during this term, was the employment of workers from the Pacific Islands in sugar plantations, a practice that Fisher and Labour both strongly opposed. He lost his seat in 1896 following a campaign in which he was charged by his opponent

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What I want to say to you now very seriously is that the continuous and ghastly bungling over the Dardanelles enterprise was to be expected from such a general staff as the British Army possesses ... the conceit and self complacency of the red feather men are equalled only by their

1036:, who had arrived less than a year earlier in December 1884 – both men took assisted passage, arrived at the age of 22, and travelled from London to Brisbane. Unlike Hughes, Fisher never lost his original accent and retained a thick Scottish "brogue" for the rest of his life. 3621:

Bastian believes that Fisher left when he was nine years old, and may have exaggerated his leaving age as an adult because he was self-conscious about his lack of education. He suggests that he was withdrawn from school early to avoid the provisions of the newly enacted

1474:. The Fisher government carried out many reforms in defence, finance, transport and communications, and social security, achieving the vast majority of their aims in just three years of government. These included extending old-age and disability pensions, introducing a 1317:. New Protection was declared invalid by the High Court in June, Fisher found the tariff proposals of Deakin unsatisfactory, while caucus was also dissatisfied with the old-age pension proposals. Without Labour support the Deakin government collapsed in November 1908. 848:. Labor won back its majority in the House, and Fisher returned for a third term as prime minister. During the election campaign he famously declared that Australia would defend Britain "to the last man and the last shilling". However, he struggled with the demands of 798:, but in November 1908 the ALP withdrew its support and Deakin resigned as prime minister. Fisher subsequently formed a minority government of his own. It lasted only a few months, as in June 1909 Deakin returned as prime minister at the head of a new anti-socialist 959:

for a period, but eventually returned to Crosshouse and leased a small farm. Fisher's father then worked as a gardener and apiarist, supplementing his income with contract work repairing the machinery at local mines. He died of lung disease in 1887, aged 53.

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had a No vote of around 54 per cent. Fisher visited Australian troops serving in Belgium and France in 1919, and later presented Pearce with an album of battlefield photos from 1917 and 1918, showing the horrendous conditions experienced by the troops.

860:, holding the position from 1916 to 1920. After a brief return to Australia, he retired to London, dying there at the age of 66. His cumulative total of just under five years as prime minister is the second-longest by an ALP leader, surpassed only by 3611:

Fisher recounted in 1911 that he had begun his education at "a little private school", before attending "the old schoolhouse" in Crosshouse, the village school in Dreghorn, and then a new school in Crosshouse. He probably also attended Sunday

951:, and finally took his place performing "pick-and-shovel work" at the coalface. When he was 16, he was promoted to air-pump operator, which required additional training and was seen as a relatively prestigious position. Fisher's father had 1533:

which aimed to increase the federal government's legislative powers over trade and commerce and over monopolies. Both questions were defeated, with around 61 per cent voting 'No'. The Fisher government made another attempt, holding a

1787:, but found there was no guarantee that the local party would accept him as a candidate. He was unwilling to actively campaign for preselection, and decided he would only stand if he were drafted, which did not happen. 1538:

which asked for greater federal powers over trade and commerce, corporations, industrial matters, trusts, monopolies, and railway disputes. All six questions were defeated, with around 51 per cent voting 'No'. At the

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At the 1906 election, Deakin remained prime minister even though Labour gained considerably more seats than the Protectionists. When Watson resigned in 1907, Fisher succeeded him as Labour leader, although Hughes and

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of the Imperial Conference, which secrets include the private advice, tendered by him to the administrators of and in the administration of his Majesty's Imperial Government." Although admitted as a Privy Counsellor

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On his marriage certificate, Fisher's mother signed her name but his father signed an "X". He may have been able to read, however, as schools in the early 19th century sometimes charged separately for reading and

1806:, but eventually opted for a permanent retirement from politics. By the time he was 60, Fisher's family and friends had begun to notice a decline in his mental faculties, which was probably a form of early-onset 1088:

as secretary. In 1892, he represented Gympie at the Labour-in-Politics Convention in Brisbane. He was sacked from his engine-driving job in the same year, and subsequently devoted his full attention to politics.

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for a period. The standard of public education in Scotland was relatively high at the time, and his schoolmaster in Crosshouse had received formal training in Edinburgh; the main focus of the curriculum was on

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Fisher resigned as prime minister and from Parliament on 27 October 1915 after being absent from parliament without explanation for three sitting days. Three days later, Labor Caucus unanimously elected

992:. He subsequently wrote a letter to Gladstone and received a reply thanking him for his support. The following year, Fisher was involved in another miners' strike. He was not only sacked but also 6063: 1289:

Watson and Hughes for defence (and later conscription). In political terms he was a radical, on the left-wing of his party, with a strong sense of Labour's part in British working-class history.

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Fisher and his party were immediately underway in organising urgent defence measures for planning and implementing Australian war effort. Fisher visited New Zealand during this time which saw

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as being a supporter of black labour and the alleged economic and social ills that accompanied it. In that year he was Secretary for Railways and Public Works in the seven-day government of

1191:. However Fisher was a firm believer in federation, supporting the union of the Australian colonies and campaigned for the 'Yes' vote in Queensland's 1899 referendum. Fisher stood for the 1060:. This new job allowed him to work above-ground, operating the machinery that raised and lowered the cages in the mineshaft. During his time in Gympie, Fisher stayed in a boardinghouse in 5061: 1032:

has speculated that this initial first impression may have contributed to his later opposition to non-white immigration. Fisher's path to Australia was virtually identical to that of

1466:, the second Fisher government represented "the culmination of Labor's involvement in politics", and was "a period of reform unmatched in the Commonwealth until the 1940s", under 809:, which saw Labor attain majority government for the first time in its history. His second government passed wide-ranging reforms – old-age and disability pensions, enshrined new 2918: 2744: 4525: 1043:

coalfields where there were already a number of Scottish miners. He began as an ordinary miner and joined the local miners' union, but after successfully sinking a new shaft at

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majority government. The 113 acts passed in the three years of the second Fisher government exceeded even the output of the second Deakin government over a similar period.

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The exact age at which Fisher left school is uncertain, but he could have been as young as nine or as old as thirteen. He is believed to have begun his working life as a

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Prime Minister, unveiled a memorial to Fisher in Hampstead Cemetery in 1930. A memorial garden was also dedicated to Fisher at his birthplace in the late 1970s.

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him to contemplate a return to active politics. He was the only remaining former prime minister in the Labor Party, which had lost many experienced MPs in the

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area, passed the Manufacturers' Encouragement Act to provide bounties for iron and steel manufacturers who paid fair and reasonable wages, ordered three

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With little else to keep them in Australia, Fisher and his wife decided to return to London to be closer to their children. They rented a property in

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despite defeat. In 1914, Cook, frustrated by the Labor-controlled Senate's rejection of his legislation, recommended to the new Governor-General

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During the parliamentary ballots that selected Yass-Canberra as the site of the national capital, in October 1908, Fisher voted consistently for

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becoming Labour's first prime minister for a four-month period in 1904. Fisher established and demonstrated his ministerial capabilities as

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serve as acting prime minister for two months. Fisher and Labor continued to implement promised peacetime legislation, including the

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I trust that not another Federal election will take place without there being a woman endorsed as a Labour candidate for the Senate.

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on 6 July 1911, it wasn't until 14 February 1916 when he was High Commissioner in London that he formally took his oath of office.

1783:, who was widely seen as Tudor's heir apparent, died suddenly of pneumonia in August 1921. Fisher seriously considered standing in 1595: 833:

the ALP narrowly lost its House of Representatives majority to the Liberal Party, with Fisher being replaced as prime minister by

786:. Fisher was elected deputy leader of the ALP in 1905 and replaced Watson as leader in 1907. He initially provided support to the 1313:

into the post office, old-age pensions were to be provided from the surplus revenue fund and £250,000 set aside for ships for an

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at the age of 17. Fisher emigrated to Australia in 1885, where he continued his involvement with trade unionism. He settled in

526: 940:. He later supplemented his limited formal education by attending night school in Kilmarnock and reading at the town library. 6018: 5802: 5775: 5528: 5513: 5493: 4733: 4534: 4259: 3946: 3911: 3762: 3648: 3002: 2562: 1085: 989: 542: 501: 2766: 6133: 5837: 5508: 5503: 5498: 4707: 4286: 4017: 2540: 2028: 1882: 1772: 1463: 721: 242: 3097: 716:(29 August 1862 – 22 October 1928) was an Australian politician and trade unionist who served as the fifth 5318: 1986: 1047:, he was employed as a mine manager. Prospering financially for the first time in his life, he built a timber cottage at 432: 3876: 1210:

but also argued that any Kanaka who had converted to Christianity and married should be allowed to remain in Australia.

6043: 2989: 2549: 1877: 1121: 2941:"Commonwealth Government of Australia beginning 17 September 1914 – period in office of Prime minister Fisher, Andrew" 1904:

Obituarists of Fisher generally emphasised his modesty, integrity, and dedication to the labour movement. Writing for

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as being "a series of disastrous underestimations" and "one of the most terrible chapters in our history" concluding:

1309:. No coalition was formed, however the pressure from Labour brought about productive change by Deakin: he agreed to a 1255:

George Reid adopted a strategy of trying to reorient the party system along Labour vs non-Labour lines – prior to the

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and won the seat, which he held continuously for the rest of his political career. At the end of 1901, Fisher married

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to protect the sugar industry. In May 1909, the more conservative Protectionists and Freetraders merged to form the

988:" candidates who had the support of the unions. In 1884, he chaired a public meeting in Crosshouse in support of the 760: 756: 748: 700: 1845:

unveiled a granite obelisk above Fisher's grave. His widow eventually moved back to Australia, dying there in 1958.

6023: 5768: 1584: 1572: 1540: 1444: 1424: 1256: 1214: 1196: 1165: 841: 830: 806: 729: 158: 2893: 1687:, ultimately leading to the evacuation of the Australian troops in December 1915. The report was also used by the 1024:, on 17 August 1885, after a two-month steamship journey from London. He first saw Australia during a stopover at 6073: 5313: 5101: 4700: 3640: 3362: 2944: 799: 779: 752: 481: 163: 1305:, that New Protection was carried and that at the following election the government would promise a progressive 5373: 5298: 5293: 5278: 4007: 3838: 2994: 2641: 2554: 1822: 1230: 20: 2850: 5548: 5452: 5414: 5308: 2788: 2606: 1133:

with being a dangerous revolutionary and an anti-Catholic, accusations that were propagated by the newspaper

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to the Anti-Socialist Party. Reid envisaged a spectrum running from socialist to anti-socialist, with the

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Murphy, John (2013). "Conditional Inclusion: Aborigines and Welfare Rights in Australia, 1900–47".

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that both houses of the parliament be dissolved and elections called. This was Australia's first

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Fisher, Mackensie; Cawley; Clyde; Gwynn; May; Nicholson, Lord; Pickford; Roch (February 1917).

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At the 1908 Labour Federal Conference, Fisher argued for female representation in parliament:

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providing Labour had a majority in cabinet, that there was immediate legislation for old-age

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at Fisher's request, and advised him, "Your fears have been justified". He described the

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Fisher committed Labour to amending the Constitution to give the Commonwealth power over

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acts (giving the Governor-General power to make regulations for national security), a

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from 1908 to 1909, 1910 to 1913 and 1914 to 1915. He held office as the leader of the

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Fusion: The Party System We Had To Have? – by Charles Richardson CIS 25 January 2009

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in the middle. This attempt struck a chord with politicians who were steeped in the

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community and involved with various community organisations. He was the leader of a

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leader of the Federal Parliamentary Party. Fisher's seat was narrowly won by the

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ousted Labour from office, with Fisher failing to persuade the Governor-General

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In 1891, Fisher was elected as the first president of the Gympie branch of the

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In 1879, aged 17, Fisher was elected secretary of the Crosshouse branch of the

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Prime Minister of Australia (1908–1909; 1910–1913; 1914–1915)

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and began investing in shares. Fisher moved to the larger gold-mining town of

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the election with another absolute majority in both houses and Fisher formed

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As a boy, Fisher and his brothers fished in Carmel Water, a tributary of the

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Fisher, Kathleen (2006) "From pit boy to prime minister: Andrew Fisher", in

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The state Labour parties and their MPs were mixed in their support for the

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are the only ones who both began and ended their lives outside Australia.

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Fisher wanted additional Commonwealth power in certain areas, such as the

5977: 5942: 5932: 5922: 5897: 5892: 5842: 5442: 4995: 4985: 4960: 4935: 4930: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4812: 4795: 4789: 4782: 4764: 4692: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4614: 4597: 4591: 4584: 4566: 4463: 4443: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4338: 4313: 4243: 4226: 4135: 4098: 3929: 3919: 1998: 1811: 1776: 1580: 1548: 1471: 1467: 1218: 1181: 1130: 1057: 973: 834: 514: 413: 103: 3704: 3684: 5982: 5972: 5952: 5927: 5852: 5473: 5447: 5010: 4955: 4866: 4852: 4668: 4654: 4458: 4448: 4368: 2769:. Australianhistory.org. Archived from the original on 14 November 2010 2059: 1780: 1526: 1377: 1369: 1021: 898: 894: 886: 736: 593: 139: 4818: 4620: 4433: 3696: 1975: 1923: 1475: 1337: 1244: 1237:. The fourth Labour member in the ministry after Watson, Hughes, and 1008: 997: 861: 610: 3685:"Andrew Fisher, the High Commissionership and the Collapse of Labor" 1821:

on 26 October 1928. On the same day, a memorial service was held at

1241:, Fisher was promoted to Deputy Leader of the Labour Party in 1905. 5907: 4965: 1826: 1807: 1791: 1514: 1495: 1455:, Australia's first elected Senate majority, and the world's first 1396: 1387:, wages and prices, to expanding the navy and providing compulsory 1362: 1306: 1017: 956: 948: 932: 902: 81: 3567:"Prime Minister launches biography of Andrew Fisher (Full speech)" 1927:

Bust of Andrew Fisher by sculptor Wallace Anderson located in the

1979: 1971: 1627:

acts in 1914. Wartime legislation in 1914 and 1915 included the

1392: 1302: 1719: 1435: 1372:, and assumed local naval defence responsibility and placed the 763:

and later that year briefly was a minister in the government of

6064:

Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Wide Bay

1939: 1739:

on conscription had a No vote of around 52 per cent, while the

1683:

Fisher passed this report on to Hughes and to Defence Minister

1675: 1412: 1102: 744: 6109:

Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Queensland

1225:

declined to take office, resulting in Labour taking power and

1160: 1056:

certificate in 1891, and was elected president of the related

6124:

Australian members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom

6039:

Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia

3192:

Some aspects of the federal political career of Andrew Fisher

2804:, The Light on the Hill: The Australian Labor Party 1891–1991 2009:". Public reaction to his appointment was positive, with the 882: 755:

as a representative of the Labor Party. Fisher lost his seat

976:, a leading figure in the union and a future leader of the 782:

for a few months in 1904, in the short-lived government of

1714: 1152:, the first parliamentary Labour government in the world. 877: 840:

After just over a year in office, Cook was forced to call

4533: 3098:"First report (of the Dardanelles Commission) (Abstract)" 1897:(2009), as well as a shorter volume by Edward Humphreys, 1439:

A studio portrait of the prime ministerial family in 1910

2262: 1985:

Another honour Fisher did accept was appointment to the

1794:

for a period, and then in October 1922 bought a home on

4281: 3793:

Mr Prime Minister. Australian Prime Ministers 1901–1972

1039:

After arriving in Brisbane, Fisher made his way to the

3856:

Andrew Fisher: a reforming treasurer – treasury.gov.au

3095: 1068:". He would eventually marry his landlady's daughter, 6104:

High commissioners of Australia to the United Kingdom

3831:

A Million to One Against: A Portrait of Andrew Fisher

2062:, a fellow Queenslander, launched a biography titled 1357:, providing for the new federal capital to be in the 910:, and in 1863 was one of ten miners who co-founded a 856:. Fisher subsequently accepted an appointment as the 852:

and in October 1915 resigned in favour of his deputy

3221:

Stephen Matchett (2009). "Review of the reviewers".

2250: 2184: 2172: 858:

High Commissioner of Australia to the United Kingdom

3188: 1855:

Historical rankings of Prime Ministers of Australia

6069:Members of the Australian House of Representatives 4234:Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom 3672:Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society 3668:"Andrew Fisher: 'a proud, honest man of Scotland'" 2602:"Federation Political Groups – to 1901 and beyond" 2482: 2480: 2478: 2135: 2133: 1802:. He explored the possibility of standing for the 2840:A New History of Australia edited by F.K. Crowley 2274: 897:, a mining village 2 miles (3.2 km) west of 6010: 3795:. Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press. 3220: 3051:. National Archives of Australia. Archived from 1825:, which was attended by representatives of King 1599:Fisher and his party visit the Army camp in 1914 1016:Fisher and his younger brother James arrived in 3547:. News.theage.com.au – The Age. 29 October 2008 2475: 2130: 1997:at the same time as New Zealand Prime Minister 1531:constitutional referendum was initiated in 1911 914:. He and his family were active members of the 6099:Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly 2887:"Maritime Law - Twelve Years Into the Century" 2869:"1912 Commonwealth of Australia Numbered Acts" 963: 872: 5776: 4708: 4519: 4267: 2151: 1551:, defeated the Labor Party by a single seat. 3366:. South Australia. 1 August 1914. p. 44 3184: 3182: 3075:"Battles: The Gallipoli Front - An Overview" 2985:"Hughes, William Morris (Billy) (1862–1952)" 2982: 805:Fisher returned as prime minister after the 73:17 September 1914 – 27 October 1915 5790: 3861:Prime Ministers of Australia: Andrew Fisher 3814:. Sports and Editorial Services Australia. 3691:(68). Liverpool University Press: 115–131. 3643:, is standing to the left of Fisher, while 3216: 3214: 2497: 2495: 1735:to publicly comment on the issue. Hughes' 1498:, and the establishment of the state-owned 1003: 825:, and formally established what is now the 5783: 5769: 4722: 4715: 4701: 4526: 4512: 4274: 4260: 3736:Andrew Fisher: Prime Minister of Australia 3484:– via National Library of Australia. 3456:– via National Library of Australia. 3428:– via National Library of Australia. 3402:– via National Library of Australia. 3391:Gympie Times and Mary River Mining Gazette 3374:– via National Library of Australia. 3346:– via National Library of Australia. 3318:– via National Library of Australia. 3290:– via National Library of Australia. 2993:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, 2553:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, 1891:Andrew Fisher: Prime Minister of Australia 1779:had had frequent bouts of ill health, and 1430: 1164:Labour Party MPs elected at the inaugural 344:30 October 1907 – 27 October 1915 43: 19:For other people named Andrew Fisher, see 6059:Politicians from the Colony of Queensland 3809: 3783:(2). Department of the Treasury: 105–114. 3545:"Rudd launches biography of ex-PM Fisher" 3476:. Queensland. 17 February 1916. p. 7 3239: 3179: 1554: 1332: 1092: 817:, oversaw the continued expansion of the 6084:Scottish emigrants to colonial Australia 3665: 3243:(2009). "Review of Edward W. Humphreys' 3211: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2492: 2234: 2232: 2027:was named after him. A Canberra suburb, 1922: 1858: 1758: 1754: 1718: 1674: 1594: 1508: 1478:allowance and issuing Australia's first 1434: 1336: 1243: 1159: 1101: 1007: 876: 850:Australia's participation in World War I 451:30 March 1901 – 26 October 1915 255:8 July 1913 – 17 September 1914 3828: 3771: 3752: 3711: 3517:"Andrew Fishers Cottage (entry 600537)" 3039: 3037: 2933: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2268: 2256: 2190: 2178: 1989:on his visit to the UK in 1911 for the 1732:High Commissioner to the United Kingdom 1725:High Commissioner to the United Kingdom 1715:High Commissioner to the United Kingdom 1248:Fisher in 1904, around the time of the 889:, Fisher's birthplace in rural Scotland 770:In 1901, Fisher was elected to the new 403:1 January 1916 – 22 April 1921 391:High Commissioner to the United Kingdom 201:13 November 1908 – 2 June 1909 6011: 3787: 3774:"Andrew Fisher: a reforming treasurer" 3682: 3496:"Australia Post stamp – Andrew Fisher" 3338:. Queensland. 15 July 1911. p. 17 3310:. Queensland. 16 June 1911. p. 12 2813: 2539: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2213: 2211: 2201: 2199: 2165: 2163: 2109: 1213:Labour improved their position at the 1097: 1080:. He helped establish a branch of the 6114:Leaders of the Australian Labor Party 6034:Leaders of the Opposition (Australia) 5764: 5514:1975 Australian constitutional crisis 5494:History of the Australian Labor Party 4696: 4535:Leaders of the Australian Labor Party 4507: 4255: 3448:. Queensland. 21 June 1911. p. 4 3420:. Queensland. 25 June 1911. p. 7 3198:(MA thesis). University of Melbourne. 2739: 2737: 2697: 2229: 1571:election, and the only one until the 1327: 893:Fisher was born on 29 August 1862 in 128:29 April 1910 – 24 June 1913 4202:Leader of the Australian Labor Party 3714:Andrew Fisher: An Underestimated Man 3515: 3394:. Queensland. 8 July 1911. p. 2 3282:. Queensland. 12 May 1911. p. 2 3034: 2626: 2154:Andrew Fisher: An Underestimated Man 1895:Andrew Fisher: An Underestimated Man 1462:According to Labor MP and historian 1451:, Australia's first elected federal 1203:, his previous landlady's daughter. 539:25 May 1893 – 11 April 1896 296:2 June 1909 – 29 April 1910 6119:20th-century Australian politicians 6029:Members of the Cabinet of Australia 3730: 3509: 3077:. Firstworldwar.com. 18 August 2002 2614:from the original on 30 August 2007 2508: 2486: 2280: 2208: 2196: 2160: 2139: 1987:Privy Council of the United Kingdom 1938:At the end of the First World War, 1841:. In February 1930, Prime Minister 1486:, the start of construction of the 1155: 1012:Fisher as a young man in Queensland 498:25 March 1899 – 9 May 1901 13: 2990:Australian Dictionary of Biography 2734: 2550:Australian Dictionary of Biography 2503:National Library of Australia News 1878:Australian Dictionary of Biography 1122:Legislative Assembly of Queensland 14: 6145: 3849: 1120:. In 1893, he was elected to the 972:. He soon came into contact with 4490: 4489: 3812:Andrew Fisher: The Forgotten Man 3245:Andrew Fisher: The Forgotten Man 2722:. National Archives of Australia 2058:. In 2008, Labor Prime Minister 1899:Andrew Fisher: The Forgotten Man 1197:1901 Australian federal election 1064:; it is now heritage-listed as " 813:in legislation, established the 699: 6054:Trade unionists from Queensland 3658: 3633: 3615: 3605: 3559: 3537: 3488: 3460: 3432: 3406: 3378: 3350: 3322: 3294: 3268: 3259: 3233: 3202: 3170: 3161: 3152: 3143: 3134: 3125: 3116: 3089: 3067: 2976: 2958: 2945:University of Western Australia 2911: 2879: 2861: 2851:"ComLaw: Acts by Year / Number" 2843: 2834: 2807: 2795: 2759: 2671: 2660: 2594: 2466: 2457: 2448: 2439: 2430: 2421: 2412: 2403: 2394: 2385: 2376: 2367: 2358: 2349: 2340: 2331: 2322: 2313: 2304: 2295: 2286: 2241: 2220: 2050:. In 1992, his home in Gympie ( 2046:bearing his portrait issued by 1513:Andrew Fisher at the naming of 1278: 753:Queensland Legislative Assembly 660: 482:Queensland Legislative Assembly 4008:Minister for Trade and Customs 3595: 2995:Australian National University 2642:National Archives of Australia 2634:"Andrew Fisher, Before office" 2555:Australian National University 2145: 2103: 1730:Fisher was Australia's second 1691:on which Fisher served, while 1559:Labor retained control of the 1231:Minister for Trade and Customs 1140:The 1896 establishment of the 1082:Workers' Political Association 780:Minister for Trade and Customs 21:Andrew Fisher (disambiguation) 1: 3810:Humphreys, Edward W. (2008). 3624:Education (Scotland) Act 1872 3525:. Queensland Heritage Council 3045:"Andrew Fisher, After office" 2816:Australian Historical Studies 2607:National Library of Australia 2091: 2042:In 1972 he was honoured on a 1966:, although he did accept the 1848: 1658:reported on the situation in 1649:Enemy Contracts Annulment Act 1613:Freight Arrangements Act 1915 1490:, expanding the bench of the 1107: 867: 6019:Prime ministers of Australia 5339:Australian Capital Territory 4283:Prime ministers of Australia 3872:National Museum of Australia 3829:Murdoch, John R. M. (1998). 3522:Queensland Heritage Register 3189:Edward W. Humphreys (2005). 2983:Fitzhardinge, L. F. (1983). 2828:10.1080/1031461X.2013.791707 2545:"Fisher, Andrew (1862–1928)" 2096: 2056:Queensland Heritage Register 1654:In October 1915, journalist 1609:River Murray Waters Act 1915 1353:. The government passed the 1126:Electoral district of Gympie 921: 827:Australian Capital Territory 821:, began construction on the 7: 6134:Politicians from Queensland 4143:Prime Minister of Australia 4089:Prime Minister of Australia 4035:Prime Minister of Australia 3877:Andrew Fisher – Scaramouche 3049:Australia's Prime Ministers 2720:Australia's Prime Ministers 2638:Australia's Prime Ministers 2505:, XVI (9), June 2006, p. 16 2069: 1991:Coronation of King George V 1893:(2008) and Peter Bastian's 1823:St Columba's Church, London 1693:High Commissioner in London 1581:broken out in the middle of 1399:, to the construction of a 1355:Seat of Government Act 1908 1106:Fisher as a Queensland MP, 964:Early political involvement 873:Birth and family background 718:prime minister of Australia 61:Prime Minister of Australia 10: 6150: 5539:Norfolk Island Labor Party 3755:Australian Prime Ministers 3753:Grattan, Michelle (2013). 3468:"Right Hon. Andrew Fisher" 3223:Sydney Institute Quarterly 2716:"Andrew Fisher, In office" 2023:The federal electorate of 1933:Ballarat Botanical Gardens 1918: 1852: 1705:Commonwealth Liberal Party 1633:Trading with the Enemy Act 1545:Commonwealth Liberal Party 1417:Commonwealth Liberal Party 18: 6044:Australian federationists 5798: 5557: 5486: 5461: 5435: 5428: 5405:Australian Fabian Society 5382: 5327: 5261: 5125: 5034: 4888: 4732: 4541: 4487: 4294: 4240: 4231: 4223: 4218: 4208: 4199: 4191: 4186: 4176: 4167: 4159: 4149: 4140: 4132: 4122: 4113: 4105: 4095: 4086: 4078: 4068: 4059: 4051: 4041: 4032: 4024: 4014: 4005: 3997: 3992: 3982: 3973: 3968: 3961: 3951: 3934: 3926: 3916: 3899: 3891: 3884: 3649:Minister for Home Affairs 2787:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2116:. ABC-CLIO. p. 417. 2113:World War I: Encyclopedia 1950:from the universities of 1837:representing the British 1785:the resulting by-election 1709:1915 Wide Bay by-election 1565:Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson 1391:for youths, to extending 1124:as Labour member for the 707: 695: 678: 670: 645: 635: 627: 617: 600: 580: 575: 571: 561: 549: 532: 520: 508: 491: 479: 467: 455: 444: 429: 419: 407: 396: 389: 379: 367: 348: 337: 332:Leader of the Labor Party 330: 320: 310: 300: 289: 279: 269: 259: 248: 241: 231: 221: 213: 205: 194: 184: 172: 151: 132: 121: 109: 97: 92:Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson 87: 77: 66: 58: 54: 42: 30: 6129:Australian Presbyterians 4187:Party political offices 3886:Parliament of Queensland 3683:Attard, Bernard (1995). 3666:Anderson, W. K. (2001). 3588: 3167:Day (2008), pp. 410–411. 3158:Day (2008), pp. 408–410. 3131:Day (2008), pp. 402–406. 2156:. UNSW Press. p. 1. 2110:Tucker, Spencer (2005). 1804:British House of Commons 1707:on a 0.2% margin at the 1488:Trans-Australian Railway 1427:to dissolve Parliament. 1403:, to the replacement of 1401:transcontinental railway 1004:Immigration to Australia 823:Trans-Australian Railway 243:Leader of the Opposition 152:Governors‑General 6024:Treasurers of Australia 5792:Treasurers of Australia 5410:Chifley Research Centre 3963:Parliament of Australia 3712:Bastian, Peter (2009). 3572:. Australian Government 2966:"War Pensions Act 1914" 2373:Bastian (2009), p. 230. 2052:Andrew Fisher's Cottage 2005:, granting him use of " 1617:Sugar Purchase Act 1915 1492:High Court of Australia 1431:Second term (1910–1913) 1376:at the disposal of the 1345:Fisher formed his only 1275:as very much the norm. 1189:Federation of Australia 1066:Andrew Fisher's Cottage 916:Free Church of Scotland 214:Governor‑General 88:Governor‑General 6074:People from Crosshouse 5400:Australian Young Labor 4725:Australian Labor Party 4170:Treasurer of Australia 4116:Treasurer of Australia 4062:Treasurer of Australia 3772:Hawkins, John (2008). 3639:The Governor-General, 3330:"Let Glasgow Flourish" 2445:Bastian (2009), p. 57. 2391:Day (2008), pp. 37–38. 2346:Bastian (2009), p. 35. 2319:Day (2008), pp. 24–25. 2292:Bastian (2009), p. 20. 2152:Peter Bastian (2009). 2081:Second Fisher Ministry 1935: 1929:Prime Ministers Avenue 1871: 1866:portrait of Fisher by 1767: 1749:Dardanelles Commission 1727: 1689:Dardanelles Commission 1680: 1673: 1664:Dardanelles Expedition 1621:Estate Duty Assessment 1600: 1592:on 17 September 1914. 1555:Third term (1914–1915) 1518: 1449:Second Fisher Ministry 1440: 1342: 1333:First term (1908–1909) 1298: 1252: 1208:White Australia policy 1184: 1113: 1093:Early political career 1013: 970:Ayrshire Miners' Union 890: 741:Ayrshire Miners' Union 722:Australian Labor Party 5544:The light on the hill 3791:(1976). "Chapter 6". 2929:on 13 September 2004. 2755:on 13 September 2004. 2463:Day (2008), p. 55–56. 2217:Bastian (2009), p. 5. 2205:Bastian (2009), p. 6. 2086:Third Fisher Ministry 2076:First Fisher Ministry 1926: 1907:The Australian Worker 1862: 1817:Fisher was buried at 1775:. The party's leader 1762: 1755:Final years and death 1722: 1678: 1668: 1598: 1512: 1484:Royal Australian Navy 1438: 1351:First Fisher Ministry 1340: 1294: 1269:Westminster tradition 1247: 1206:Fisher supported the 1163: 1105: 1011: 984:, in particular the " 880: 819:Royal Australian Navy 807:1910 federal election 730:1910 federal election 541:Serving with 500:Serving with 433:Australian Parliament 3866:8 April 2018 at the 3473:The Brisbane Courier 3302:"Hon. Andrew Fisher" 3104:on 27 September 2007 2648:on 23 September 2009 2238:Day (2008), pp. 8–9. 2054:) was listed on the 2007:The Right Honourable 1590:his third government 1193:Division of Wide Bay 978:British Labour Party 776:Division of Wide Bay 688:trade union official 596:, Ayrshire, Scotland 33:The Right Honourable 5524:Federal Labor (NSW) 5390:National Conference 5289:Beazley (1996–2001) 3976:Member for Wide Bay 3628:Franco-Prussian War 3358:"Mr. Andrew Fisher" 3265:Day (2008), p. 412. 3208:Day (2008), p. 414. 3176:Day (2008), p. 411. 3149:Day (2008), p. 407. 3140:Day (2008), p. 406. 3122:Day (2008), p. 401. 2972:. 21 December 1914. 2364:Day (2008), p. 142. 1995:Imperial Conference 1970:from the cities of 1968:Freedom of the City 1829:and Prime Minister 1723:Australia's second 1453:majority government 1409:Australian currency 1347:minority government 1265:Protectionist Party 1098:Queensland politics 912:cooperative society 788:minority government 751:was elected to the 735:Fisher was born in 726:majority government 6079:People from Gympie 5395:National Executive 5383:Party institutions 5349:Northern Territory 3993:Political offices 3944:Served alongside: 3909:Served alongside: 3386:"Latest Telegrams" 2472:Day (2008), p. 57. 2454:Day (2008), p. 54. 2436:Day (2008), p. 53. 2427:Day (2008), p. 52. 2418:Day (2008), p. 51. 2409:Day (2008), p. 49. 2400:Day (2008), p. 41. 2382:Day (2008), p. 35. 2355:Day (2008), p. 33. 2337:Day (2008), p. 27. 2328:Day (2008), p. 26. 2310:Day (2008), p. 23. 2301:Day (2008), p. 17. 2226:Day (2008), p. 10. 2035:, Britain's first 1936: 1912:Henry Ernest Boote 1872: 1819:Hampstead Cemetery 1768: 1765:Hampstead Cemetery 1763:Fisher's grave in 1728: 1681: 1601: 1569:double dissolution 1536:referendum in 1913 1519: 1494:, the founding of 1441: 1343: 1328:Prime Ministership 1253: 1185: 1114: 1014: 953:black lung disease 908:temperance society 891: 846:double dissolution 829:. However, at the 772:federal parliament 747:, Queensland, and 622:Hampstead Cemetery 6049:Australian miners 6006: 6005: 5758: 5757: 5549:Tree of Knowledge 5534:Industrial Groups 5482: 5481: 5453:Independent Labor 5420:John Curtin House 5374:Western Australia 5304:Beazley (2005–06) 5274:Whitlam (1975–77) 5269:Whitlam (1967–72) 4690: 4689: 4501: 4500: 4250: 4249: 4241:Succeeded by 4219:Diplomatic posts 4209:Succeeded by 4177:Succeeded by 4150:Succeeded by 4123:Succeeded by 4096:Succeeded by 4069:Succeeded by 4042:Succeeded by 4015:Succeeded by 3983:Succeeded by 3952:Succeeded by 3942:1899–1901 3917:Succeeded by 3907:1893–1896 3764:978-1-74257-429-5 3738:. HarperCollins. 3249:History Australia 3055:on 11 August 2014 3004:978-0-522-84459-7 2899:on 1 January 2015 2564:978-0-522-84459-7 2271:, pp. 18–19. 2247:Day (2008), p. 9. 2169:Day (2008), p. 5. 1645:Belgium Grant Act 1561:Australian Senate 1500:Commonwealth Bank 1389:military training 1259:, he renamed his 1250:Watson government 1195:at the inaugural 990:Third Reform Bill 815:Commonwealth Bank 774:representing the 711: 710: 613:, London, England 6141: 5785: 5778: 5771: 5762: 5761: 5558:Leadership votes 5433: 5432: 5331: 5016:Anthony Albanese 4879:Anthony Albanese 4770:Matthew Charlton 4736: 4726: 4717: 4710: 4703: 4694: 4693: 4528: 4521: 4514: 4505: 4504: 4493: 4492: 4276: 4269: 4262: 4253: 4252: 4224:Preceded by 4206:1907–1915 4192:Preceded by 4174:1914–1915 4163:Sir John Forrest 4160:Preceded by 4147:1914–1915 4133:Preceded by 4126:Sir John Forrest 4120:1910–1913 4109:Sir John Forrest 4106:Preceded by 4093:1910–1913 4079:Preceded by 4072:Sir John Forrest 4066:1908–1909 4055:Sir William Lyne 4052:Preceded by 4039:1908–1909 4025:Preceded by 3998:Preceded by 3927:Preceded by 3892:Preceded by 3882: 3881: 3844: 3825: 3806: 3789:Hughes, Colin A. 3784: 3781:Economic Roundup 3778: 3768: 3749: 3727: 3708: 3697:10.2307/27516357 3679: 3652: 3637: 3631: 3619: 3613: 3609: 3603: 3599: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3571: 3563: 3557: 3556: 3554: 3552: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3513: 3507: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3492: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3481: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3436: 3430: 3429: 3427: 3425: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3276:"Hon. A. Fisher" 3272: 3266: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3218: 3209: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3186: 3177: 3174: 3168: 3165: 3159: 3156: 3150: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3132: 3129: 3123: 3120: 3114: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3041: 3032: 3031: 3029: 3027: 2980: 2974: 2973: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2925:. Archived from 2915: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2898: 2892:. Archived from 2891: 2883: 2877: 2876: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2847: 2841: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2792: 2786: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2751:. Archived from 2741: 2732: 2731: 2729: 2727: 2712: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2685:. 9 October 1908 2675: 2669: 2664: 2658: 2657: 2655: 2653: 2644:. Archived from 2630: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2537: 2506: 2499: 2490: 2484: 2473: 2470: 2464: 2461: 2455: 2452: 2446: 2443: 2437: 2434: 2428: 2425: 2419: 2416: 2410: 2407: 2401: 2398: 2392: 2389: 2383: 2380: 2374: 2371: 2365: 2362: 2356: 2353: 2347: 2344: 2338: 2335: 2329: 2326: 2320: 2317: 2311: 2308: 2302: 2299: 2293: 2290: 2284: 2278: 2272: 2266: 2260: 2254: 2248: 2245: 2239: 2236: 2227: 2224: 2218: 2215: 2206: 2203: 2194: 2188: 2182: 2176: 2170: 2167: 2158: 2157: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2128: 2127: 2107: 2033:Ramsay MacDonald 1948:honorary degrees 1944:Légion d'honneur 1942:awarded him the 1864:Parliament House 1843:Ramsay MacDonald 1835:Arthur Henderson 1773:1916 party split 1311:royal commission 1273:two-party system 1261:Free Trade Party 1223:Free Trade Party 1156:Federal politics 1112: 1109: 703: 664: 662: 607: 590: 588: 576:Personal details 564: 552: 537: 523: 511: 496: 470: 458: 449: 435: 422: 410: 401: 382: 370: 342: 323: 313: 303: 294: 282: 272: 262: 253: 234: 224: 199: 187: 175: 126: 112: 100: 71: 47: 28: 27: 6149: 6148: 6144: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6139: 6138: 6009: 6008: 6007: 6002: 5794: 5789: 5759: 5754: 5553: 5478: 5457: 5424: 5378: 5359:South Australia 5344:New South Wales 5329: 5323: 5262:Shadow cabinets 5257: 5121: 5030: 5021:Tanya Plibersek 4921:Arthur Blakeley 4911:Albert Gardiner 4896:Gregor McGregor 4884: 4734: 4728: 4724: 4721: 4691: 4686: 4537: 4532: 4502: 4497: 4483: 4290: 4280: 4246: 4244:Sir Joseph Cook 4237: 4229: 4227:Sir George Reid 4214: 4205: 4197: 4182: 4173: 4165: 4155: 4146: 4138: 4128: 4119: 4111: 4101: 4092: 4084: 4074: 4065: 4057: 4047: 4038: 4030: 4020: 4011: 4003: 3988: 3979: 3957: 3943: 3941: 3932: 3922: 3908: 3906: 3897: 3868:Wayback Machine 3852: 3847: 3841: 3822: 3803: 3776: 3765: 3746: 3724: 3661: 3656: 3655: 3638: 3634: 3620: 3616: 3610: 3606: 3600: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3585: 3575: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3550: 3548: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3528: 3526: 3514: 3510: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3479: 3477: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3451: 3449: 3438: 3437: 3433: 3423: 3421: 3412: 3411: 3407: 3397: 3395: 3384: 3383: 3379: 3369: 3367: 3356: 3355: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3313: 3311: 3300: 3299: 3295: 3285: 3283: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3260: 3238: 3234: 3219: 3212: 3207: 3203: 3195: 3187: 3180: 3175: 3171: 3166: 3162: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3135: 3130: 3126: 3121: 3117: 3107: 3105: 3094: 3090: 3080: 3078: 3073: 3072: 3068: 3058: 3056: 3043: 3042: 3035: 3025: 3023: 3005: 2981: 2977: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2949: 2947: 2939: 2938: 2934: 2917: 2916: 2912: 2902: 2900: 2896: 2889: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2867: 2866: 2862: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2839: 2835: 2812: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2780: 2779: 2772: 2770: 2767:"Andrew Fisher" 2765: 2764: 2760: 2743: 2742: 2735: 2725: 2723: 2714: 2713: 2698: 2688: 2686: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2665: 2661: 2651: 2649: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2617: 2615: 2600: 2599: 2595: 2585: 2583: 2565: 2538: 2509: 2500: 2493: 2485: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2462: 2458: 2453: 2449: 2444: 2440: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2422: 2417: 2413: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2395: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2377: 2372: 2368: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2323: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2291: 2287: 2279: 2275: 2267: 2263: 2255: 2251: 2246: 2242: 2237: 2230: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2209: 2204: 2197: 2189: 2185: 2177: 2173: 2168: 2161: 2150: 2146: 2138: 2131: 2124: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2072: 1999:Sir Joseph Ward 1921: 1881:was written by 1868:E. Phillips Fox 1857: 1851: 1831:Stanley Baldwin 1800:Hampstead Heath 1796:South Hill Park 1757: 1741:1917 referendum 1737:1916 referendum 1717: 1629:War Precautions 1577:First World War 1557: 1523:nationalisation 1517:ceremony, 1913. 1433: 1374:Australian Navy 1335: 1330: 1315:Australian Navy 1281: 1271:and regarded a 1235:Watson Ministry 1201:Margaret Irvine 1158: 1150:Anderson Dawson 1110: 1100: 1095: 1070:Margaret Irvine 1026:Thursday Island 1006: 966: 924: 875: 870: 811:workers' rights 765:Anderson Dawson 759:, but returned 691: 666: 663: 1901) 658: 654: 652:Margaret Irvine 636:Political party 609: 605: 604:22 October 1928 592: 586: 584: 562: 550: 545: 538: 533: 521: 509: 504: 497: 492: 468: 456: 450: 445: 436: 431: 420: 414:Sir George Reid 408: 402: 397: 380: 368: 363: 356:Gregor McGregor 343: 338: 321: 311: 301: 295: 290: 280: 270: 260: 254: 249: 232: 222: 200: 195: 185: 173: 168: 147: 127: 122: 110: 98: 72: 67: 50: 38: 35: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6147: 6137: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6004: 6003: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5799: 5796: 5795: 5788: 5787: 5780: 5773: 5765: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5561: 5559: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5490: 5488: 5484: 5483: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5476: 5471: 5465: 5463: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5439: 5437: 5430: 5426: 5425: 5423: 5422: 5417: 5415:Federal Caucus 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5386: 5384: 5380: 5379: 5377: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5335: 5333: 5330:State branches 5325: 5324: 5322: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5265: 5263: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5129: 5127: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5038: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5029: 5028: 5026:Richard Marles 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4941:Arthur Calwell 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4892: 4890: 4889:Deputy leaders 4886: 4885: 4883: 4882: 4875: 4870: 4863: 4856: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4822: 4815: 4810: 4803: 4801:Arthur Calwell 4798: 4793: 4786: 4779: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4755: 4748: 4740: 4738: 4730: 4729: 4720: 4719: 4712: 4705: 4697: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4684: 4677: 4672: 4665: 4658: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4624: 4617: 4612: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4588: 4581: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4557: 4550: 4542: 4539: 4538: 4531: 4530: 4523: 4516: 4508: 4499: 4498: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4279: 4278: 4271: 4264: 4256: 4248: 4247: 4242: 4239: 4230: 4225: 4221: 4220: 4216: 4215: 4210: 4207: 4198: 4193: 4189: 4188: 4184: 4183: 4178: 4175: 4166: 4161: 4157: 4156: 4151: 4148: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4129: 4124: 4121: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4102: 4097: 4094: 4085: 4080: 4076: 4075: 4070: 4067: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4048: 4043: 4040: 4031: 4026: 4022: 4021: 4016: 4013: 4004: 3999: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3989: 3984: 3981: 3972: 3966: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3955:Daniel Mulcahy 3953: 3950: 3933: 3928: 3924: 3923: 3918: 3915: 3898: 3895:Matthew Mellor 3893: 3889: 3888: 3880: 3879: 3874: 3858: 3851: 3850:External links 3848: 3846: 3845: 3839: 3826: 3820: 3807: 3801: 3785: 3769: 3763: 3750: 3744: 3728: 3722: 3716:. UNSW Press. 3709: 3689:Labour History 3680: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3632: 3614: 3604: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3558: 3536: 3508: 3487: 3459: 3440:"Pointed Pars" 3431: 3405: 3377: 3349: 3321: 3293: 3267: 3258: 3232: 3210: 3201: 3178: 3169: 3160: 3151: 3142: 3133: 3124: 3115: 3088: 3066: 3033: 3003: 2975: 2957: 2932: 2910: 2878: 2873:austlii.edu.au 2860: 2842: 2833: 2806: 2794: 2758: 2733: 2696: 2679:"Capital Site" 2670: 2659: 2625: 2593: 2563: 2507: 2491: 2474: 2465: 2456: 2447: 2438: 2429: 2420: 2411: 2402: 2393: 2384: 2375: 2366: 2357: 2348: 2339: 2330: 2321: 2312: 2303: 2294: 2285: 2273: 2261: 2249: 2240: 2228: 2219: 2207: 2195: 2183: 2171: 2159: 2144: 2129: 2122: 2101: 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2071: 2068: 2048:Australia Post 2012:Brisbane Truth 2003:Lord Islington 1920: 1917: 1850: 1847: 1756: 1753: 1716: 1713: 1679:Fisher in 1915 1556: 1553: 1482:, forming the 1480:paper currency 1432: 1429: 1405:pound sterling 1341:Fisher in 1908 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1286:William Spence 1280: 1277: 1157: 1154: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1078:labour council 1005: 1002: 986:Liberal-Labour 965: 962: 923: 920: 874: 871: 869: 866: 842:a new election 709: 708: 705: 704: 697: 693: 692: 690: 689: 686: 682: 680: 676: 675: 672: 668: 667: 656: 650: 649: 647: 643: 642: 637: 633: 632: 629: 625: 624: 619: 615: 614: 608:(aged 66) 602: 598: 597: 591:29 August 1862 582: 578: 577: 573: 572: 569: 568: 565: 559: 558: 556:Matthew Mellor 553: 547: 546: 540: 530: 529: 527:Daniel Mulcahy 524: 518: 517: 512: 506: 505: 499: 489: 488: 480:Member of the 477: 476: 471: 465: 464: 459: 453: 452: 442: 441: 430:Member of the 427: 426: 423: 417: 416: 411: 405: 404: 394: 393: 387: 386: 383: 377: 376: 371: 365: 364: 362: 361: 358: 352: 350: 346: 345: 335: 334: 328: 327: 324: 318: 317: 314: 308: 307: 304: 302:Prime Minister 298: 297: 287: 286: 283: 277: 276: 273: 267: 266: 263: 261:Prime Minister 257: 256: 246: 245: 239: 238: 235: 229: 228: 225: 219: 218: 215: 211: 210: 207: 203: 202: 192: 191: 188: 182: 181: 176: 170: 169: 167: 166: 161: 155: 153: 149: 148: 146: 145: 142: 136: 134: 130: 129: 119: 118: 113: 107: 106: 101: 95: 94: 89: 85: 84: 79: 75: 74: 64: 63: 56: 55: 52: 51: 49:Fisher in 1912 48: 40: 39: 36: 31: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6146: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6016: 6014: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5800: 5797: 5793: 5786: 5781: 5779: 5774: 5772: 5767: 5766: 5763: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5556: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5485: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5469:Ferguson Left 5467: 5466: 5464: 5460: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5434: 5431: 5427: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5385: 5381: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5326: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5266: 5264: 5260: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5033: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5006:Julia Gillard 5004: 5002: 5001:Jenny Macklin 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4951:Lance Barnard 4949: 4947: 4946:Gough Whitlam 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4916:James Scullin 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4906:George Pearce 4904: 4902: 4899: 4897: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4868: 4864: 4862: 4861: 4860:Julia Gillard 4857: 4855: 4854: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4821: 4820: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4808: 4807:Gough Whitlam 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4791: 4787: 4785: 4784: 4780: 4778: 4777: 4776:James Scullin 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4760: 4756: 4754: 4753: 4752:Andrew Fisher 4749: 4747: 4746: 4742: 4741: 4739: 4737: 4731: 4727: 4718: 4713: 4711: 4706: 4704: 4699: 4698: 4695: 4683: 4682: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4670: 4666: 4664: 4663: 4659: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4629: 4625: 4623: 4622: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4610: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4587: 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J. 2536: 2534: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2504: 2498: 2496: 2488: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2469: 2460: 2451: 2442: 2433: 2424: 2415: 2406: 2397: 2388: 2379: 2370: 2361: 2352: 2343: 2334: 2325: 2316: 2307: 2298: 2289: 2283:, p. 18. 2282: 2277: 2270: 2265: 2258: 2253: 2244: 2235: 2233: 2223: 2214: 2212: 2202: 2200: 2193:, p. 12. 2192: 2187: 2181:, p. 15. 2180: 2175: 2166: 2164: 2155: 2148: 2141: 2136: 2134: 2125: 2123:9781851094202 2119: 2115: 2114: 2106: 2102: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2067: 2065: 2064:Andrew Fisher 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2044:postage stamp 2040: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2021: 2019: 2014: 2013: 2008: 2004: 2001:and Governor 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1983: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1908: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1879: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1856: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1833:, as well as 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1766: 1761: 1752: 1750: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1726: 1721: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1685:George Pearce 1677: 1672: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1656:Keith Murdoch 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1597: 1593: 1591: 1586: 1585:1914 election 1582: 1578: 1574: 1573:1951 election 1570: 1566: 1562: 1552: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1541:1913 election 1537: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1516: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1445:1910 election 1437: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1421:Alfred Deakin 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1339: 1325: 1323: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1257:1906 election 1251: 1246: 1242: 1240: 1239:Lee Batchelor 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1215:1903 election 1211: 1209: 1204: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1166:1901 election 1162: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1138: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1104: 1090: 1087: 1086:George Ryland 1083: 1079: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1010: 1001: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 982:Liberal Party 979: 975: 971: 961: 958: 954: 950: 946: 941: 939: 934: 930: 919: 917: 913: 909: 904: 900: 896: 888: 884: 879: 865: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 838: 836: 832: 831:1913 election 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 803: 801: 800:Liberal Party 797: 796:Alfred Deakin 793: 792:Protectionist 789: 785: 781: 778:. He was the 777: 773: 768: 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 733: 731: 727: 723: 719: 715: 714:Andrew Fisher 706: 702: 698: 694: 687: 684: 683: 681: 677: 673: 669: 653: 648: 644: 641: 638: 634: 630: 626: 623: 620: 618:Resting place 616: 612: 603: 599: 595: 583: 579: 574: 570: 566: 560: 557: 554: 548: 544: 543:William Smyth 536: 531: 528: 525: 519: 516: 513: 507: 503: 502:George Ryland 495: 490: 487: 483: 478: 475: 474:Edward Corser 472: 466: 463: 460: 454: 448: 443: 440: 434: 428: 424: 418: 415: 412: 406: 400: 395: 392: 388: 384: 378: 375: 372: 366: 359: 357: 354: 353: 351: 347: 341: 336: 333: 329: 326:Alfred Deakin 325: 319: 316:Alfred Deakin 315: 309: 306:Alfred Deakin 305: 299: 293: 288: 284: 278: 274: 268: 264: 258: 252: 247: 244: 240: 237:Alfred Deakin 236: 230: 227:Alfred Deakin 226: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 198: 193: 189: 183: 180: 179:Alfred Deakin 177: 171: 165: 162: 160: 157: 156: 154: 150: 143: 141: 138: 137: 135: 131: 125: 120: 117: 114: 108: 105: 102: 96: 93: 90: 86: 83: 80: 76: 70: 65: 62: 57: 53: 46: 41: 37:Andrew Fisher 34: 29: 26: 22: 5822: 5529:Gang of Four 5519:Faceless men 4991:Gareth Evans 4976:Paul Keating 4971:Lionel Bowen 4926:Ted Theodore 4901:Billy Hughes 4877: 4873:Bill Shorten 4865: 4858: 4851: 4826:Paul Keating 4824: 4817: 4805: 4788: 4781: 4774: 4759:Billy Hughes 4757: 4751: 4750: 4745:Chris Watson 4743: 4679: 4667: 4660: 4653: 4626: 4619: 4607: 4590: 4583: 4576: 4559: 4553: 4552: 4545: 4343: 4333: 4323: 4232: 4212:Billy Hughes 4200: 4195:Chris Watson 4168: 4153:Billy Hughes 4141: 4114: 4087: 4060: 4033: 4018:Allan McLean 4006: 4001:William Lyne 3974: 3970:New division 3969: 3945: 3935: 3910: 3900: 3830: 3811: 3792: 3780: 3754: 3735: 3713: 3688: 3675: 3671: 3659:Bibliography 3635: 3623: 3617: 3607: 3597: 3574:. 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Minerva. 3641:Lord Denman 3551:15 November 3501:15 November 3414:"On Honors" 2773:15 November 2018:in absentia 1812:George Reid 1777:Frank Tudor 1671:incapacity. 1625:Estate Duty 1549:Joseph Cook 1472:Ben Chifley 1468:John Curtin 1425:Lord Dudley 1219:George Reid 1131:Jacob Stumm 1111: 1899 1058:craft union 994:blacklisted 974:Keir Hardie 835:Joseph Cook 628:Nationality 567:Jacob Stumm 551:Preceded by 515:Jacob Stumm 510:Preceded by 457:Preceded by 425:Joseph Cook 409:Preceded by 369:Preceded by 312:Preceded by 285:Joseph Cook 275:Joseph Cook 271:Preceded by 265:Joseph Cook 223:Preceded by 217:Lord Dudley 190:Joseph Cook 174:Preceded by 164:Lord Denman 159:Lord Dudley 104:Joseph Cook 99:Preceded by 6013:Categories 5993:Frydenberg 5745:2013 (Oct) 5740:2013 (Jun) 5735:2013 (Mar) 5710:2003 (Dec) 5705:2003 (Jun) 5690:1991 (Dec) 5685:1991 (Jun) 5670:1977 (Dec) 5665:1977 (May) 5509:1955 split 5504:1931 split 5499:1916 split 5474:Lang Labor 5462:Historical 5448:Labor Left 5354:Queensland 5126:Ministries 5011:Wayne Swan 4981:Brian Howe 4956:Jim Cairns 4867:Kevin Rudd 4853:Kevin Rudd 4238:1916–1920 3980:1901–1915 3840:0754101398 3732:Day, David 3576:9 February 3059:9 February 2923:nla.gov.au 2822:(2): 210. 2749:nla.gov.au 2726:9 February 2689:10 October 2652:9 February 2092:References 2060:Kevin Rudd 1964:Birmingham 1853:See also: 1849:Evaluation 1781:T. 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Ryan 1641:Crimes Act 1637:War Census 1527:monopolies 1378:Royal Navy 1370:destroyers 1172:, Fisher, 1022:Queensland 949:pit ponies 899:Kilmarnock 895:Crosshouse 887:Crosshouse 868:Early life 737:Crosshouse 679:Profession 631:Australian 594:Crosshouse 587:1862-08-29 209:Edward VII 140:Edward VII 5238:Gillard 1 5223:Keating 1 5188:Whitlam 1 5178:Chifley 1 4819:Bob Hawke 3363:Chronicle 3241:David Day 3081:30 August 3026:30 August 3013:1833-7538 2903:6 January 2618:31 August 2586:14 August 2573:1833-7538 2097:Citations 1976:Edinburgh 1956:Cambridge 1887:David Day 1660:Gallipoli 1647:, and an 1547:, led by 1476:maternity 1045:Torbanlea 1030:David Day 998:Liverpool 922:Childhood 881:Memorial 862:Bob Hawke 696:Signature 611:Hampstead 535:In office 494:In office 447:In office 399:In office 340:In office 292:In office 251:In office 197:In office 124:In office 69:In office 5998:Chalmers 5988:Morrison 5968:Costello 5858:Theodore 5429:Factions 5369:Victoria 5364:Tasmania 5319:Albanese 5253:Albanese 5163:Curtin 1 5138:Fisher 1 5117:Albanese 5047:Fisher I 4966:Tom Uren 4681:Albanese 4572:Charlton 4495:Category 4479:Albanese 4474:Morrison 4469:Turnbull 3864:Archived 3734:(2008). 3705:27516357 3602:writing. 3529:1 August 3307:The Week 3021:70677943 2783:cite web 2612:Archived 2581:70677943 2543:(1981). 2487:Day 2008 2281:Day 2008 2140:Day 2008 2070:See also 1993:and the 1901:(2008). 1827:George V 1808:dementia 1792:Highgate 1639:acts, a 1623:and the 1515:Canberra 1496:Canberra 1397:land tax 1393:pensions 1363:Canberra 1349:and the 1307:land tax 1303:pensions 1178:O'Malley 1062:Red Hill 1018:Brisbane 957:Kilmaurs 933:Dreghorn 903:Ayrshire 671:Children 439:Wide Bay 144:George V 133:Monarchs 82:George V 59:5th 5963:Dawkins 5948:Keating 5918:Whitlam 5913:Snedden 5903:McMahon 5893:Chifley 5883:Spender 5878:Menzies 5863:Scullin 5833:Poynton 5813:Forrest 5487:History 5436:Current 5314:Shorten 5203:Hawke 1 5158:Scullin 5112:Rudd II 5107:Gillard 5097:Keating 5087:Whitlam 5082:Chifley 5067:Scullin 4735:Leaders 4675:Shorten 4662:Gillard 4649:Beazley 4634:Beazley 4628:Keating 4609:Whitlam 4603:Calwell 4592:Chifley 4578:Scullin 4454:Gillard 4439:Keating 4424:Whitlam 4419:McMahon 4399:Menzies 4394:Chifley 4374:Menzies 4359:Scullin 3612:school. 1980:Bristol 1972:Glasgow 1960:Glasgow 1931:in the 1919:Honours 1443:At the 1413:tariffs 1411:and to 1395:, to a 1322:Dalgety 1233:in the 1221:of the 794:leader 761:in 1899 757:in 1896 749:in 1893 728:at the 665: 657: 206:Monarch 78:Monarch 5983:Hockey 5958:Willis 5943:Howard 5933:Hayden 5928:Cairns 5888:Fadden 5823:Fisher 5808:Watson 5803:Turner 5299:Latham 5279:Hayden 5248:Rudd 2 5233:Rudd 1 5153:Hughes 5133:Watson 5102:Rudd I 5072:Curtin 5062:Hughes 5042:Watson 4644:Latham 4615:Hayden 4585:Curtin 4561:Hughes 4554:Fisher 4547:Watson 4464:Abbott 4444:Howard 4429:Fraser 4414:Gorton 4409:McEwen 4384:Curtin 4379:Fadden 4349:Hughes 4344:Fisher 4334:Fisher 4329:Deakin 4324:Fisher 4319:Deakin 4309:Watson 4304:Deakin 4299:Barton 3938:Gympie 3903:Gympie 3837: 3818: 3799: 3761: 3742: 3720: 3703: 3335:Worker 3108:12 May 3019: 3011: 3001: 2579: 2571: 2561: 2120: 2037:Labour 2029:Fisher 2025:Fisher 1952:Oxford 1940:France 1870:, 1913 1619:, the 1615:, the 1611:, the 1575:. The 1543:, the 1385:labour 1180:, and 1174:Hughes 1170:Watson 1053:Gympie 1049:Howard 745:Gympie 646:Spouse 486:Gympie 349:Deputy 5978:Bowen 5953:Kerin 5938:Lynch 5923:Crean 5873:Casey 5868:Lyons 5848:Bruce 5828:Higgs 5294:Crean 5284:Hawke 5173:Forde 5092:Hawke 5077:Forde 4639:Crean 4621:Hawke 4598:Evatt 4567:Tudor 4434:Hawke 4389:Forde 4364:Lyons 4354:Bruce 4012:1904 3777:(PDF) 3701:JSTOR 3589:Notes 3570:(PDF) 3418:Truth 3196:(PDF) 2897:(PDF) 2890:(PDF) 2683:Argus 1798:near 1407:with 1182:Tudor 883:cairn 685:Miner 659:( 655: 640:Labor 5973:Swan 5908:Bury 5898:Holt 5853:Page 5843:Cook 5838:Watt 5818:Lyne 5750:2019 5730:2012 5725:2010 5720:2006 5715:2005 5700:2001 5695:1996 5680:1983 5675:1982 5660:1976 5655:1968 5650:1967 5645:1966 5640:1960 5635:1959 5630:1956 5625:1954 5620:1951 5615:1945 5610:1935 5605:1931 5600:1928 5595:1922 5590:1920 5585:1916 5580:1915 5575:1913 5570:1907 5565:1901 5309:Rudd 4669:Rudd 4655:Rudd 4459:Rudd 4449:Rudd 4404:Holt 4369:Page 4339:Cook 4314:Reid 4287:list 3835:ISBN 3816:ISBN 3797:ISBN 3759:ISBN 3740:ISBN 3718:ISBN 3578:2010 3553:2010 3531:2014 3503:2010 3482:2021 3454:2021 3426:2021 3400:2021 3372:2021 3344:2021 3316:2021 3288:2021 3255:(1). 3110:2011 3083:2007 3061:2010 3028:2007 3017:OCLC 3009:ISSN 2999:ISBN 2952:2019 2905:2013 2789:link 2775:2010 2728:2010 2691:2021 2654:2010 2620:2007 2588:2022 2577:OCLC 2569:ISSN 2559:ISBN 2118:ISBN 1978:and 1962:and 1747:The 1643:, a 1583:the 1579:had 1529:. A 1470:and 1359:Yass 601:Died 581:Born 484:for 437:for 5057:III 3693:doi 3247:". 2824:doi 1889:'s 1525:of 885:in 790:of 6015:: 5052:II 3870:, 3779:. 3699:. 3687:. 3676:87 3674:. 3670:. 3647:, 3519:. 3470:. 3442:. 3416:. 3388:. 3360:. 3332:. 3304:. 3278:. 3251:. 3227:35 3225:. 3213:^ 3181:^ 3047:. 3036:^ 3015:. 3007:. 2997:. 2987:. 2968:. 2943:. 2921:. 2871:. 2853:. 2820:44 2818:. 2785:}} 2781:{{ 2747:. 2736:^ 2718:. 2699:^ 2681:. 2640:. 2636:. 2610:. 2604:. 2575:. 2567:. 2557:. 2547:. 2510:^ 2494:^ 2477:^ 2231:^ 2210:^ 2198:^ 2162:^ 2132:^ 1982:. 1974:, 1958:, 1954:, 1910:, 1711:. 1695:. 1635:, 1324:. 1176:, 1137:. 1108:c. 1072:. 1020:, 1000:. 918:. 864:. 837:. 802:. 767:. 732:. 661:m. 5784:e 5777:t 5770:v 5243:2 5228:2 5218:4 5213:3 5208:2 5198:3 5193:2 5183:2 5168:2 5148:3 5143:2 4716:e 4709:t 4702:v 4527:e 4520:t 4513:v 4289:) 4285:( 4275:e 4268:t 4261:v 3843:. 3824:. 3805:. 3767:. 3748:. 3726:. 3707:. 3695:: 3580:. 3555:. 3533:. 3505:. 3253:6 3229:. 3112:. 3085:. 3063:. 3030:. 2954:. 2907:. 2875:. 2857:. 2830:. 2826:: 2791:) 2777:. 2730:. 2693:. 2656:. 2622:. 2590:. 2489:. 2126:. 1361:- 674:6 589:) 585:( 23:.

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