Archduke Joseph of Austria (Palatine of Hungary)

480: 619: 1962: 2274: 2185: 1920: 2079: 2240: 819: 2162: 306: 969: 2841: 2055:, he was initially welcomed warmly, but after news of lost battles, the Emperor refused to talk to him. The Viennese court complicated the situation by demanding that the Roman Catholic wedding precede the Orthodox one, and be celebrated by an archbishop who had not yet arrived in Russia. Paul was angered by the idea of postponing the ceremony. In the end, the Archbishop arrived on 26 October, and the Austrians accepted that the Orthodox ceremony would be first. On the 29, Joseph visited the Emperor without announcement, asking for his blessing and committing himself to solving their diplomatic issues ‘openly’ and ‘honestly’. This made a great impression on Paul and the wedding could proceed according to plans. 2523: 1637:

repeatedly failed before—which flattered my self-esteem—tempted me to make a proposal to Your Majesty without having considered the consequences. This, however, would have been far from drawing the present consequences had not the false arguments and harsh expressions in said resolution excited tempers. he stubborn discussions with the estates prior to the assembly had upset me and at the conference I—to my shame—therefore paid attention to the words rather than to the substance and thus completely spoiled the matter. Your Majesty cannot believe how I feel when I consider what more could have been accomplished by this parliament, and how little more will be possible to be accomplished by it.

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talked to Francis personally in early August. He described how determined the envoys were to achieve their goals and that they represented the general opinion of Hungary; he openly told the King that if Vienna insisted on the content of the letter of 12 July, the situation would deteriorate beyond help. He expressed his support for some of the economic concerns of the assembly. As a result, a new royal letter on 14 August focused more on achieving consensus and stated that all decisions would only be in effect until the next diet. In a separate, confidential letter, the sovereign entrusted the Palatine with settling matters ‘favourably for the state’, giving guidelines.

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the infant, state that she was registered as Paulina in her death certificate, and her casket displayed the same name. She has no entry in the baptism registry, suggesting that she was christened after her death. She was buried in the Capuchin church in the presence of Hungarian dignitaries. In 1838, she was transferred to the Palatinal Crypt with urns containing the intestines and heart of her mother. An investigation in 1978 determined that she had been a normally developed newborn, not at all ‘very weak’, and concluded that she probably died of

2872: 1562:. He wrote a detailed thesis endorsing the deputies' recommendations, including rebuttals against accusations by the Viennese government who claimed that it was the ‘laziness’ and ‘primitiveness’ of Hungarians that made the country less useful than it could have been to the Habsburg monarchy. In summary, the Hungarians wanted a more independent economy, free from the ‘shackles’ put in place by previous sovereigns. Despite their efforts, Austrians were dismissive, and Emperor-King Francis committed to the old regulations. 1140:

diet because of the Martinovics uprising, and Izdenczy's party also hoped to abolish the office of palatine. Nevertheless, to avoid upsetting progressive circles, the Baron advised the King to give more power to Joseph than that of the previous governor, so that his position would be more similar to that of a palatine. Thus, Joseph was not welcomed with unequivocal enthusiasm, especially because many of the holders of the highest Hungarian public offices were replaced at the same time, signalling a possible regime change.

1302:, which Emperor-King Francis had no intention of allowing to happen. As he needed the assistance of Hungarians in fighting the French Revolutionary Wars he was eventually convinced to gather a diet with the sole purpose of electing a palatine. After much negotiation, during which the Governor tried to convince the King that a diet and a palatine were necessary to attain the required aid, while Izdenczy argued against him, Francis conceded to Joseph. On 8 November 1796, the diet had its first session in 1221:. The King ordered an investigation, which was not in the interest of János Németh, head of the Royal Directorate and close ally of Izdenczy, as he lacked proof. He persuaded Joseph to propose to the King the dismissal of five of the accused teachers, which Francis accepted. According to Domanovszky, in this first matter, which he had to solve three weeks after arriving in Buda, the Governor did have a mind of his own and relied entirely on a referral he had received from Németh. 1395:. He urged the Emperor to gather a diet, allow a reform of public education, establish a second university, and take measures to boost trade. He was concerned with what a ‘relatively sparse population’ the ‘vast, abundant area’ of Hungary supported (different estimations give between 8.1 and 9 million inhabitants for an area of 282,870 km/109,220 sq mi in 1790) and at what a ‘backwards stage of culture, among what primitive economic conditions’ these people lived. 674: 1947:). He was welcomed warmly and embraced by the Emperor and presented to the Empress and the grand duchesses. The Archduke was enchanted by the ‘charm’ and ‘reserved modesty’ of Alexandra Pavlovna, a tall, blonde girl, whom he described as ‘well-built and very beautiful’, as well as ‘clever’ and ‘talented’. In a letter to his brother Francis, he declared their meeting the ‘happiest moment of life’ and Alexandra a ‘noble princess with whom would be happy’. 1474:

Hungarian economy in any way and did not want to consider re-attaching Dalmatia. They also refused to consider any educational reforms, arguing that this matter was to be decided by the monarch alone, without having to consulting the nobility. The Viennese legislature thought that Hungary did not contribute proportionally to the Habsburg monarchy, while many Hungarians criticised the government for suppressing opportunities for industrial development.

2259:. Amalia was known for her kindness and goodness but not her beauty, and Joseph was not attracted to her, deciding early on that he would not propose. For her part, the Princess disliked Joseph's personality. Empress Elizabeth persuaded Empress Dowager Maria (who had great influence over her son-in-law) to convince the Archduke to marry Amalia. Joseph did not want to offend his mother-in-law, and waited for weeks before explicitly rejecting the idea. 2391:(today Kálvin tér) which she had helped build with a donation in 1816. The 1838 flood damaged the crypt and carried away the urns containing her heart and intestines but left the casket intact. Afterwards, Joseph obtained an ecclesiastical license to transfer Hermine's remains to the Palatinal Crypt despite her not being a Catholic. She was placed in a separate chamber within the crypt and still rests there as of 2023, now in a more central place. 5907: 1384:'s daughter. During the negotiations, he suffered humiliations because of diplomatic mistakes by the Viennese court, which led to him to view his brother's administration with a critical eye. Prior to 1798, he served to execute imperial will in Hungary, and during his short first marriage, he worked little. After the loss of his wife, when his focus returned to public matters, he approached them with an opinion of his own. 2899: 5893: 5921: 2067:, he married Alexandra Pavlovna. The wedding was celebrated according to Orthodox rites in the imperial chapel of Gatchina Palace, then the Roman Catholic ceremony was held. The following days were overshadowed by news of lost battles and subsequent tension between Austria and Russia, as well as disagreements over the specifics of the 2599:, who depicted him as a patriarch whom all parties and factions respected. The first law of 1847–48 enshrined his memory as that of one who had ‘deserved the gratitude of the nation entirely’ with his ‘untiring zeal’ in guiding the affairs of Hungary for half a century under difficult circumstances. On 25 April 1869, his statue by 661:. Grand Duke Leopold and Count Colloredo aimed to teach the children to lead a simple life, be humble, dutiful, and devoted to the well-being of their subjects. In their studies, they were taught to be inquisitive and independent. The Grand Duke wished for his children to live as free and unrestricted as possible, while the 2475:, and a later investigation found signs supporting this claim, besides determining that she had been born prematurely. Their next child, Alexander Leopold Ferdinand was born on 6 June 1825. He was described as kind, clever, and being in great health. In November 1837, aged twelve, he started to suffer from 1281:(which he supported despite being a devout Catholic), wine export (which he supported), or giving refuge to French priests (which he refused to do as he feared that they would be too much of a burden and keep local priests from advancing in their careers), he proved to be a level-headed and caring leader. 1348:

in the tone of the letters exchanged by the brothers: Joseph stopped merely executing Francis' will and became the more pro-active party. He remained a conservative and worried that the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers could ‘confuse’ the less-educated. He warned the Emperor to keep an eye on returning

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two days before giving birth. Early on 8 March 1801, a daughter was born after prolonged labour. Rportedly ‘very weak’, she died within the day, possibly the hour. According to Joseph's biographer Domanovszky, the child was called Alexandra, but Hankó and Kiszely, who exhumed and examined the body of

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to the Emperor-King, telling him that while most people deemed the royal demands just and necessary, opinions differed on methods of execution. To elevate spirits, some members of the imperial family moved to Pozsony for the time of the assembly, and various feasts and religious ceremonies were held.

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but all of them with good pastors. He criticised members of the aristocracy for not striving for knowledge and ‘useful occupations’, that few of them ran for public office and most of those who did neglected their positions. He proposed that in the future, only those should be promoted to the coveted

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During these first years of his palatinate, the majority of the Archduke's time was taken up by war preparations, equipping and training Hungarian soldiers. In early 1797, after military failures, Emperor-King Francis sent his family to Buda for their safety. Around this time, a shift can be observed

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had been broken off; there is no information on why this plan never materialised. In November 1803, there were signs that the Emperor might agree to the marriage between his sister Catherine and the Palatine, who asked Empress Dowager Maria and received a final negative answer. In 1804, he attempted

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and gathering female courtiers. He urged his brother the Emperor to designate a day for the wedding, but Francis did not answer his letters until 19 August. Emperor Paul grew disillusioned with the alliance, so Joseph was sent back to Russia to sway him, and the wedding date announced as 30 October.

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more, spending evenings with them. Joseph's preference for the Dowager's faction displeased the Russian court, particularly when he declined a tour of the country with the Emperor. The imperial couple found the fact that he ignored the Empress Consort's sister, Princess Amalia of Baden offensive, as

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György Zsigmond Lakics, recommended by Izdenczy. He also received instructions from King Francis who advised him to ‘keep house in order, manage it well, treat entourage humanely and tolerate intrigue’. His brother suggested that Joseph travel around Hungary to get to know his new subjects while

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of Hungary from 1765 to 1781. Others would have preferred Archduke Charles, who had become popular with his military successes in the French Revolutionary Wars, and Count Teleki himself suggested Joseph. Although on 18 July Emperor-King Francis asked for more time to prepare an election, on the 20th

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In September 1845, the Archduke celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of his appointment to Hungary, and the next year marked the same for his palatinate. By then, he was in ill health and became bedridden in early October 1846. The press reported on his recovery, and he was well for a short time. He

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The first mention of Archduke Joseph's plans to elevate Pest, a neglected town, into a modern European city is from 16 November 1804, when he wrote to city leadership that the sovereign himself wanted Pest to be regulated and improved, although there is no proof of the King being interested. Joseph

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Despite tragedies in his personal life (the death of his infant daughter and his wife in early 1801), as well health concerns, the Palatine prepared thoroughly for the assembly, struggling with the reluctance of the Emperor and his ministers who were unwilling to compromise. They denied to help the

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party of the Hungarian nobility led by Baron József Izdenczy, and seen by others as a step back on the road of constitutional development. Izdenczy's circles had painted a grim picture of Hungary to the King, convincing him that a rebellion was imminent. Francis decided that he would not call for a

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On 12 January, he asked to be taken to the window to look at Pest, by now a capital city with a hundred thousand inhabitants. His doctors reported on his health three times a day to the public, writing of an ‘incessant decline of vitality and the accumulation of calamitous symptoms’, which did not

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circles in Vienna raised concerns about the assembly debating the Emperor-King's proposals in any way, and while negotiations were peaceful and well-intentioned, both parties remained unwilling to compromise. During the following talks, Joseph played the role of mediator and calmed the Hungarians,

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As a result of private meetings, the sentiments of envoys with more extreme opinions were consolidated by the time of the diet, and initial negotiations seemed to be promising. However, the royal propositions of 13 May did not mention any of the subjects that concerned the Hungarians but asked for

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rushed to the rescue with servants, but they struggled to break down the door. This delay was probably what led to Alexander Leopold's death. He was found lying unconscious on the floor, his neck, back, and arms covered in burns from his clothes that had caught fire. He soon regained consciousness

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was conspiring to replace Archduke Charles with Joseph (which he himself did not support). However, Emperor-King Francis was too indecisive to enter into an open conflict with his popular brother, and never appointed Joseph in his place . Emperor Paul, who would have liked to have seen his future

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After a preliminary session on 6 May, the Diet of 1802 was opened on the 13th, with multiple members of the Habsburg dynasty present. In his opening speech, Joseph aligned himself more with Hungarians than with his own family, promising to protect the country's rights if the Emperor-King tried to

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and money from Hungary. This could only be granted by the diet, and the Viennese court was afraid that the nobility would bring up their many complaints if one was gathered. Joseph worked to convince his brother otherwise, presenting his arguments in his report of June 1801. Two days later, on 19

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and received Stephen, who brought news of his sister Elisabeth's engagement, which delighted their father. Then, they conversed about the state of their family and Hungary, with the Palatine giving advice to his son and successor. In the end, he exclaimed that he would want to achieve a few more

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Joseph had grown tired of the assembly by mid-August, and he asked the Emperor-King to settle some minor issues and close the diet. Economic reforms were never seriously considered, especially because the issue was brought up on 14 July, the same day the ill-received royal letter of the 12nd was

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By this time, however, participating nobles had become distrustful of the King and insisted on all of their demands, despite Joseph trying to convince them to compromise. He told the envoys that if they did not accept his mediation, he would advise the Emperor to refuse all of their requests. In

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neighbours and attempted to break through the cordon. The Governor appealed for an arms shipment to the martial council in Vienna, which generally opposed arming civilians in fear of a rebellion. Joseph negotiated and obtained the necessary weapons, preventing the disease from spreading to other

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You are to stand at the helm of a noble and powerful nation, of a great and rich country, whose powers must still be increased for the sake of the dynasty. Let it be your main goal to win the respect, confidence, and love of this nation, and work for it with all your might! The Hungarian is very

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on the counsel of Archduke Charles. From this, the envoys deduced that the King did not want to respect their right to grant new taxes and recruits. On 18 July, a report to Archduke Charles characterised the mood of participants as ‘confused’ and ‘withdrawn’. To avoid further escalation, Joseph

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János Szapáry urged him to return to Buda and asked Emperor Francis to order him back under some pretense. Joseph refused to consider leaving. Eventually, after the imperial family tried to pressure him into marrying Princess Amalia, he decided to leave in June, and spent his last few weeks in

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The reckless eagerness to achieve Your Majesty's intentions right now, which has not given me time to think about its possibility and feasibility, insufficient deliberation, the thought that I might, with my authority and the trust of the estates placed in me, see through a matter which had

1606:. On the 21st, the nobles asked for time to discuss the demands and for economic reforms to ease the introduction of higher taxes. Emperor-King Francis received their referral well, and it seemed that the efforts of Archduke Joseph would result in a smoother process. However, conservative and 581:

The grand ducal couple created a warm, intimate environment for their children. They raised them according to the modern principles of the age, paying special attention to their diet and regular physical exercise. Their education plan was based both on traditional courtly values, emphasising

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was concerning. Already before the diet, the Palatine had alerted the King that the Hungarian nobles would bring up these issues. Given how serious the monarchy's troubles were and how distrustful the Viennese government and the Hungarian nobility were of each other, the diet promised to be

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meant that the diet ended in distrust and pessimism in October. To the Palatine, King Francis wrote that Hungarian nobles ‘only want gains for themselves, without looking to the good of the whole’ empire, and that he would need ‘great resignation’ to forget their ‘behaviour against ’.

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church in Hungary to which she belonged, besides teachers and schools. She founded and supported many charitable societies and institutions and helped Joseph in his job as palatine. Their main shared cause was making Hungarian the country's official language (instead of Latin). On

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After Joseph's death in 1847, Maria Dorothea lived for the rest of her life in Alcsút Palace and did not play a significant role in culture or politics. She died after an illness on 30 March 1855, at the age of fifty-eight, and was buried in the Palatinal Crypt on 4 April.

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ideas, and he taught the archdukes that a person's ‘true vocation’ was to strive for the happiness of themselves and others, which could only be achieved in a society. With them he analysed examples of good and bad statesmanship, focusing on the importance of institutions,

1470:(which had been forbidden to keep the enemy French from acquiring it) to boost the economy. The pressing situation of the Imperial Army in the ongoing war finally led to the Viennese court accepting that the diet needed to be consulted, but in May and in Pozsony. 1178:, a lunch hosted by Prince-Primate Battyhány with six hundred guests, and a ball at night. On the next day, he took his seat as president of the governing council. He continued studying Hungarian history and law with Lakics, and started learning the language from 598:

with them. Instruction in reading and writing started at the age of three, and regular language classes a year later. According to the desires of the children's grandmother, Empress Dowager Maria Theresa, the family's life revolved around the strict observance of

2075:. The Emperor again refused to see his son-in-law, but reconciled with him shortly before the couple's departure on 2 December, which was very emotional. After a visit to Vienna, they arrived in Buda on 11 February. The Austro-Russian alliance soon fell apart. 2627:

and a further one in childhood. His three surviving children from her last marriage married and had issue, Archduke Joseph Karl continuing the Hungarian or Palatinal branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, which had been founded by his father. His older son

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from Hungary for the ongoing war, the Palatine relayed the nobility's wish for another diet, which was fervently opposed by the court. This might have convinced Joseph that Vienna was partial against Hungary and that many of their decisions were biassed.

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survived to adulthood. Maria Dorothea also raised her two step-children, and Joseph adored the older twin, Hermine, a favourite of Hungarian high society. She died unexpectedly in 1842, aged twenty-five, devastating her father, and was widely mourned.

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During his stay, he ate lunch with the Emperor almost every day and spent the afternoons with him. Alexander disclosed his opinions and worries, which Joseph reported to Vienna. Still, he enjoyed the company of the Empress Dowager and Grand Duchesses

790:, who had no surviving children. When he died in 1790, Leopold and his family moved to Vienna, where Joseph and his brothers arrived on 13 May. With his approaching fifteenth birthday, the final, three-year stage of his education started. Focused on 1939:, Paul's eldest daughter. Archduke Charles was also considered as her husband, but there was a bigger age difference between them, and both Francis and Paul preferred Joseph. In January 1799, Joseph left for Saint Petersburgm travelling under the 1516:

compiled proof and wrote explanations of why the existing system was unjust and unsustainable, asking for an equal treatment of all parts of the Habsburg monarchy in economic regulations. Deputies were selected to present this material, including

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party and supported the removal of progressive teachers accused of corrupting the youth, he now realised that their investigation lacked proof and was not properly conducted. He criticised this to the Viennese court and reprimanded Németh.

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expected them to be graceful, serious, and disciplined beyond their years, leading to disagreements. Archduke Joseph was only under Colloredo's guidance for two and a half years, and when he left in 1782, Major Manfredini was promoted to

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for three days before being placed in a separate building for six weeks to fulfill Orthodox customs. Alexandra was buried on 12 May at noon in the Capuchin Church, her clothes were remade for clerical usage and Joseph gifted her

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June, he asked Francis to declare the time and place of the diet, proposing March 1802 and Buda. He also suggested that the sovereign resolve some of the grievances the Hungarian nobility ahead of the diet, such as re-attaching

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During their short marriage, the couple lived happily. Many festivities were organised for and by Alexandra, to which she usually wore Hungarian-style dress. The couple rode and walked around Buda, once finding the village of

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During the decades of his palatinate, Archduke Joseph continued to mediate between his dynasty and the Hungarian people. He tried to moderate and unify the latter, especially at the Diet of 1832–1836. Then, he persuaded the

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Economic considerations first appeared in Archduke Joseph's letters in early 1796. In early February, he alerted Emperor-King Francis to the devastation that the loss of the Polish market for Hungarian wine caused after

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The tombstone of Palatine Joseph, inscribed in Latin: 'Joseph Anton John / Archduke of Austria / of the Kingdom of Hungary for half a century palatine / and lieutenant of the king / born 9 March 1776 / died 13 January

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1826, she gave a speech in Hungarian, the first time a Habsburg archduchess addressed the country in its own language. Maria Dorothea actively participated in the social life of Pest, frequenting the houses of the

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as the Empress Dowager's personal guest. Once he had returned to Vienna, he honestly described the foreign opinion on the Habsburg monarchy to Emperor Francis and urged him to be more pro-active in his governance.

2377: 1769: 2213: 957:, he studied the culture and economy of the country. From 14 April to 31 May, he was on the battlefield and witnessed one minor win and multiple losses. He analysed the tactics of the Imperial Army and the 2483:. It is unclear what caused his death; it could be complications of scarlet fever or, more likely, a mysterious infectious disease appearing at times during the century which consisted of recurrent fever, 2305:. Contemporary rumour suspected that the two would revisit their old marriage plans, but there were no signs of this happening. Archduke Joseph married someone else that year, and Catherine married King 1951:

I cannot thank Your Majesty's graciousness enough that it has appointed her for me as partner in life and I am convinced that with this marriage my domestic bliss is assured for the entirety of my life.

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they wished him to marry her. When it became obvious that he was not interested in the Princess, it seemed unclear why he had even travelled to Saint Petersburg. Sensing these tensions, the Archduke's

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Joseph was not present for the birth which had been expected for October, as he had travelled to the border to receive his mother-in-law. After lying in state for two days, Hermine was buried in the

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The couple's first child, Elizabeth Caroline Henrika was born on 30 July 1820, and died twenty-three days later on 23 August. She was the first person to be buried in the Palatinal Crypt, without

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response, the diet voted to allow for twelve thousand new recruits and promised to find a solution for continuous recruitment on the next diet. The Diet of 1804 did not deliver on these promises.

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and books to its collection. In 1826, he founded the National Royal Joseph Institute and School of the Blind (today the National Institute for the Blind). In 1835, he participated in founding of

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Joseph asked the Emperor and Empress for Alexandra Pavlovna's hand in marriage on 22 February (O.S.) in her presence, and they gave their blessing. At the betrothal ceremony, the bride wore

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After two short, tragic marriages and in a difficult economic and political climate, Archduke Joseph was looking for a companion in his everyday problems. He chose twenty-two-year-old

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On 17 June 1801, Joseph submitted a report to Emperor-King Francis, explaining his view and opinions on Hungary. He characterised public opinion and morale as high, except for a few ‘

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In early 1803, Archduke Joseph visited his late wife's family on his mother-in-law's invitation. Part of the reason for the invitation was to arrange a new marriage for him: Empress

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On 10 July, the day of the planned festivities, between 12 and 1 p.m., something caught fire, causing all of the prepared rockets and the remaining gunpowder to explode. His brother

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at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, which was probably why Emperor-King Francis supported the match. The couple with an age difference of twenty-one years married in the castle of

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The death of the baby devastated both parents, but at first it seemed like the mother would recover. Despite being treated by four doctors, her condition did not improve, and the

2091:, which Alexandra liked so much that Joseph purchased it, planning to build a summer residence there. Towards the end of her pregnancy, Alexandra often visited Üröm. She enjoyed 7499: 1352:

who might have picked up revolutionary ideas in France. In early 1798, he suggested the establishment of a police force against the ‘strong advance of the revolutionary spirit’

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twice. His proposal that the Emperor-King should help out wine trade was his first individual idea, but was rejected as Vienna wanted to maintain the economic dominance of the

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Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Hildburghausen as Princess Paul of Württemberg, between 1815 and 1820, by Johann Philipp Bach. Joseph also considered her as a possible second wife.

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aristocrats, and the gentry's deputies wanted to see it removed. On 23 October 1795, the referral reached the governing council. The Governor himself followed public opinion.

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The other important matter in Joseph's first year in Hungary was that of the Royal University of Pest. Since 1790, there had been plans to move it to a smaller city, namely

1005: 1664:. In December 1802, the Empress Dowager invited Joseph to Saint Petersburg. He arrived on 30 March, and found the imperial court in three factions around the Emperor 2550:, he slept little and his speech was difficult to understand. On 13 January at dawn, he blessed his children before dying at nine in the morning, aged seventy-one. 1965:

The Russian imperial family in 1800, who all grew to love Joseph. Alexandra Pavlovna stands on the right in a greenish yellow dress, caressing her favourite sister

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Generations are numbered by male-line descent from the first archdukes. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished in 1919.

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The first issue Joseph needed to settle was the case of eight university and secondary school teachers who had allegedly been associated with Imre Martinovics and

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difficult. One possibility was that the more radical Hungarian proposals would cause the Austrian party to become antagonistic and defensive, strengthening their

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After his election as palatine, Joseph assumed a more active role in Hungary. While previously he had mostly relied on the opinions and decisions of Izdenczy's

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in Üröm, where Alexandra had requested to rest. She was reburied there in 1803, and, after multiple exhumations and disturbances, is there as of 2024. After a

1986: 1677: 1428:, advising the court to show more appreciation towards them. In detailing his view on all classes of Hungarian society, he was the most dissatisfied with the 1298:

wanted to see Archduke Joseph as elected palatine, a sentiment that was only strengthened after they met him. However, the body to elect the palatine was the

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while Joseph was honoured as one who had been ‘born a Habsburg but died a Hungarian’. Many eulogised him, among them his then-ruling nephew Emperor-King

2330: 1024: 805: 142: 2035:; engagement rings were exchanged by the Emperor. Joseph left on 20 March to assume a role of military leadership in Austria. A faction headed by Baron 1487:

The Emperor is my brother; but if he should violate the least of your rights, I would forget the ties of blood to remind myself that I am your palatine.

7398: 7081: 6710: 6272: 2270:. However, he knew how strict the Orthodox church was regarding incest laws prohibiting marriage between siblings-in-law, and never formally proposed. 1872: 7143: 7138: 7034: 6450: 2706: 2629: 2362: 2252: 1244:. In 1794, these cities urged their respective counties to reach an agreement, while Pest tried to keep the institution. Most of the clerical elite, 1179: 207: 1585:

Despite these signs of probable failure, the Palatine worked hard, studying previous negotiations between the two parties. When he learned that the

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secret. His proposed solutions focused not on oppressing opposition but on maintaining the country's good spirits, for example by permitting diets.

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The preparatory stage of Joseph's education lasted until the age of nine, by when he had learned to speak and write in German, French, Italian, and

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fiery and very sensitive in his privileges, besides being distrustful, but by a strict observance of our laws one can easily get along with him.

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Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans

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On 17 March, Joseph went to Vienna, then travelled around Italy. When he returned in the spring of 1802, he started the construction of the

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guarded armed civilians from nearby uninfected villages under military supervision. This led to a revolt in two villages, who let out their

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The Archduke saw Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna two more times: first, in 1809, when she travelled through Hungary on her way to marry

1859:, 'Beautifying Committee of Pest', headed by the Palatine himself, was established. He proposed and oversaw the construction of 1362:

While a secret police was established to monitor the mood in ten cities, there is no proof of the Palatine ever collaborating with them.

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for bigger cities. These ideas had already been brought up during the reign of Joseph II but were too fiercely opposed by the nobility.

218: 1569:, which had been used since 1762. The acceptance of banknotes as payment was made compulsory in 1800. As a result of government debt, 1100: 2286: 2282: 1974: 2301:, the Palatine escorted her through the country. In 1815, by when Catherine Pavlovna herself had also been widowed, they met at the 1449:

During the French Revolutionary Wars, Archduke Charles, Joseph's brother and leader of the Imperial Army, planned a major reform of

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In 1798, Joseph was instructed by Emperor-King Francis to marry a member of the Russian imperial family in order to secure Emperor

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an association helping Hungarian industries by promoting and purchasing their products, it was the Palatine who protected it.

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Undated portrait of Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia, Archduke Joseph's sister-in-law whom she considered marrying.

1994: 997: 774:, education, the sciences, the arts, and different aspects of the economy. He taught them to assess all matters objectively. 496: 7357: 7345: 7222: 6617: 6607: 6475: 6334: 2325:

After fourteen years of widowhood, with the Napoleonic Wars over, Joseph decided to remarry in 1815. On 30 August 1815, in

2231:. The examinations ruled out the possibility of poisoning, rumours of which had surfaced in the years following her death. 2137:('Hungarian queen consort') by the commoners, to the dismay of the Viennese court and especially her sister-in-law Empress 512: 5682: 7514: 7484: 7416: 7351: 7322: 7316: 7304: 6725: 6612: 6587: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6526: 6389: 6231: 6200: 6129: 3006: 2612: 2013:, with whom she was very close. She was a diligent student and talented in the arts. She had been intended to marry King 5662: 5654: 5210: 2133:

Alexandra was well-liked by Hungarians for her kindness and the consideration she showed to people. She was soon called

888: 7363: 6903: 6647: 6622: 6597: 6480: 6460: 6435: 6430: 6251: 5747:

Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living

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in the late 1980s, an investigation was carried out, determining that Alexandra Pavlovna suffered and probably died of

2138: 2580:, but the specific diagnosis remains unknown. One proposed disorder which could lead to the symptoms he displayed was 1627:

presented to the envoys. After more peaceful negotiations during September, the Emperor-King's hesitance to re-attach

721:, and was not as apt in mathematics. It was important for his parents that all of their children learned some form of 615:. The Empress followed their development closely through her correspondence with their parents and educational staff. 7310: 7287: 7258: 7228: 7024: 6632: 6561: 6531: 6521: 6445: 6425: 6364: 6339: 6195: 6073: 6068: 5984: 5856: 5619: 2858: 2078: 1827: 1217:

to Hungarian, and others organising gatherings with convicted freemasons and Martinovics co-conspirators or teaching

1043: 492: 453: 2595:, who called him a ‘most valued advisor who had always guarded the constitution of Hungary with vigilant care’, and 1277:

The King mainly tasked Joseph with policing dissenters and uncovering suspected conspiracies. In smaller debates on

1072:

emerged that he had been murderd by the Viennese court for planning to seize the crown with the help of Judge Royal

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avoiding spending too much money on this tour. He reminded him that his first duty would be justice to his people.

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Archduke Alexander Leopold Ferdinand of Austria (6 June 1825, Buda – 12 November 1837, Buda), died in childhood;

7216: 7187: 7060: 6420: 6329: 6303: 6277: 6154: 6139: 5994: 5989: 5622:[Semmelweis University No. 1 Child Clinic, Founded in 1839 with the Name Poor-child Hospital in Pest]. 4346: 4338: 3068: 3032: 2729:

Archduchess Elizabeth Caroline Henrika of Austria (30 July 1820, Buda – 23 August 1820, Buda), died in infancy;

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felt the need to secure the governorship for his elder son Stephen upon his death. On 11 January 1847, he took

2358: 1306:(today Bratislava, Slovakia), Archduke Joseph was elected palatine on 12 November and inaugurated on the 14th. 840: 823: 815:. He and his brothers travelled extensively and inspected institutions, recording their experiences in diaries. 528: 508: 445: 354: 274: 202: 7489: 7380: 7175: 6690: 6293: 6246: 6114: 6099: 6042: 5709: 2974: 1944: 1877: 1787: 1411:’ young people. While he was mostly satisfied with the work of priests, he would have preferred to have less 1171: 787: 745: 414: 1611:

who worried that the Viennese court wanted to introduce continuous recruitment to render diets unnecessary.

6976: 6637: 6267: 6124: 5883: 5498: 2633: 2608: 2581: 2263: 1982: 1919: 1681: 1010: 117: 2404: 603:

rituals. Every day, the children listened to religious texts while getting ready in the morning, attended

6642: 5940: 5838: 4468:[The Palatine Who was Born a Habsburg and Died a Hungarian (The Later Life of Palatine Joseph)]. 2833: 2763: 2456: 1896: 1265: 694: 2572:. After grave robbers had disturbed the body, a medical investigation determined that he indeed died of 2306: 7270: 6871: 6829: 6379: 6374: 6119: 6094: 2852: 2782: 2637: 2511: 2040:

son-in-law lead the Imperial Army, grew distrustful and questioned why Joseph had left Russia so soon.

1901:

devastated Pest-Buda, he personally directed the rescue mission and did helped relieve those affected.

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Archduke Joseph had eight children from three marriages, five daughters and three sons. Two daughters

1956:

Archduke Joseph to Emperor-King Francis about his bride, quotes Hankó and Kiszely in 'A nádori kripta'

1752:

In 1802, Joseph supported the establishment of a national library, which would later develop into the

1642:

Archduke Joseph in a letter to his brother, Emperor-King Francis on 25 August 1802, quotes Domanovszky

1119:

advised the King to allow for the election of another member of the imperial family to calm tensions.

7479: 7474: 7264: 6787: 6705: 6556: 6506: 6485: 6369: 6104: 2948: 2604: 2338: 2036: 1757: 1593:, he was concerned that this would cause distrust among Hungarians. He gave frequent descriptions of 958: 946: 410: 370: 2412: 1786:

At the Diet of 1825, which was gathered after a break of thirteen years on Joseph's insistence, the

7252: 6908: 6866: 6359: 3368: 2882: 2298: 1935:'s support in the French Revolutionary Wars. The proposed bride was fifteen-year-old Grand Duchess 1715: 1589:

s of each county were commanded to submit the instructions given to their respective envoys to the

839:

In 1792, sixteen-year-old Joseph lost both of his parents in three months, and his eldest brother,

571: 2341:. The bride, twenty-two years younger than the groom, was from a small German state and practiced 1550:

Skerlecz argued that the main goal of Austrian customs regulations was to prevent the founding of

1523: 859:, where he spent twenty-seven days. This was his first visit to Pest-Buda, and he went to see the 7539: 7086: 6969: 6190: 5728: 5620:"Semmelweis Egyetem I. sz. Gyermekklinika, alapítva 1839-ben Szegény-gyermekkórház Pesten névvel" 2018: 2005:

Until the age of thirteen, Alexandra Pavlovna's education had been supervised by her grandmother

1990: 1135:

The appointment of a governor instead of the election of a palatine was an important win for the

1065: 878:(today Eötvös Loránd University). He met leaders of the country, spending the most time with the 798:, this included subjects such as politics, investigative history, and law, which he learned from 5884:

Collection of links to books and articles on Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary (in Hungarian)

5842: 1628: 409:-thinking societies and associations. He donated substantially towards the establishment of the 7534: 7524: 7101: 6511: 6410: 5963: 3336: 3310: 2888: 2592: 2569: 1727: 1544: 1433: 1372:

A major turning point in Archduke Joseph's attitude towards his office were his travels to the

968: 524: 441: 68: 5740: 7091: 7004: 3274: 2794: 2771: 2448:, with whom she conversed in Hungarian. On many occasions, she wore a Hungarian-style dress. 2366: 2291: 2256: 1970: 1924: 1818: 1665: 1590: 1143:

Before he was sent to Buda, the new governor received an education in Hungarian law from the

734: 591: 1534: 7469: 7464: 7433: 7065: 7039: 7029: 6813: 6667: 5848: 3216: 2420: 2127: 2122: 2092: 1978: 1864: 1417: 1329: 938: 810: 766: 762: 535: 462: 429: 378: 350: 284: 6748: 4329:"Household Systems and the Lives of the Old in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Hungary" 2239: 1016: 818: 8: 6876: 6236: 6109: 6026: 5560: 2641: 2577: 2267: 2064: 2006: 1686: 1555: 1463: 1424:

who had proved themselves in public service. Joseph also emphasised the potential of the

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infringe upon them, but emphasised the importance of ‘complete trust’ in the sovereign.

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Contrary to the hopes of the reactionary party, most members of the aristocracy and the

37: 6861: 6175: 6063: 4466:"A nádor, aki Habsburgnak született és magyarnak halt meg (József nádor további élete)" 2877: 2667: 2302: 2273: 2262:

During his stay, he grew attached to his fifteen-year-old sister-in-law, Grand Duchess

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On 9 June 1801, he wrote a referral to his brother asking him to release the remaining

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became the last palatine of Hungary, his term cut short after less than a year by the

689:. He received the traditional education of Austrian archdukes, learning etiquette and 6856: 6777: 5852: 4393: 4385: 4375: 4352: 4342: 4309: 4299: 4295: 4272: 4262: 4230: 3248: 3190: 2846: 2492: 2436: 2155: 1707: 1615: 1607: 1579: 1320: 1112: 1069: 1020: 981:

When Joseph's father became king of Hungary in 1790, he re-established the office of

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she could not nurse with worsened her fever. From 12 March, she was treated against

1719: 5926: 5869: 5196: 4465: 3622: 2829: 2739:(17 January 1831, Buda – 14 February 1903, Vienna) married first her second cousin 2624: 2109: 2043:

Joseph returned to Buda on 13 May to prepare for his wife's arrival, re-decorating

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Alexandra soon became pregnant. While the first stages were easy, she developed a

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buildings constructed on his initiative define the city's modern appearance. The

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have also been suggested. The child was buried silently in the Palatinal Crypt.

1883: 1737: 5912: 5898: 5727:(1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm IV. ernannte Ritter" 2904: 2561:

until his burial on 18 January. He was interred in the Palatinal Crypt wearing

2558: 2201: 1594: 1373: 1159: 1032: 879: 595: 402: 5749:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 109. 1868: 1850: 1837: 1614:

Tensions were increased by a formal royal letter on 12 July, which emphasised

1199:

Emperor-King Francis, letter to Archduke Joseph on his governorship in Hungary

7458: 5569:] (in Hungarian). Budapest: Pallas Irodalmi és Nyomdai Részvénytársaság. 3094: 2767: 2717:), palatine of Hungary between 1847 and 1848, never married and had no issue; 2600: 2596: 2496: 2480: 2469: 2350: 2224: 2174: 1961: 1723: 1356: 1256: 1116: 926: 722: 563: 551: 543: 484: 406: 366: 16:

Penultimate palatine of Hungary 1796–1847 from the House of Habsburg-Lorraine

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things in Hungary, commanding Stephen do to ‘what hands can no longer do’.

2468:

or much ceremony. According to her death certificate, she died of ‘internal

2025: 519:

Archduke Joseph Anton Johann Baptist of Austria was born on 9 March 1776 in

7007:. Later generations are included but the grand duchy was abolished in 1860. 5725:

Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler

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was unveiled in the presence of the then-ruling imperial and royal couple,

2228: 2117: 1807: 1660:, his brother relied on his help in keeping the Russians allied during the 1245: 1163: 1120: 844: 730: 650: 390: 5627: 2445: 2161: 2431: 2170: 2105: 2044: 2009:. She studied French, German, music, and drawing with her younger sister 1813:

line in 1827–28 and the first train line of the country between Pest and

1575: 1498: 1458: 1432:, faulting them for a lack of ‘zeal’ and ‘diligence’ and for not keeping 1429: 1408: 1339:

In early September, while the sovereign continued to demand soldiers and

1259:, worsened by hurried and inconsistent countermeasures. Joseph ordered a 1210: 1144: 1136: 898: 771: 714: 706: 374: 5200: 3461: 1047:

and lived another forty hours in agony, before passing away on 12 July.

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in Hungary. On 14 September 1817, she prematurely gave birth to twins,

2197: 1718:. In 1840, he obtained imperial amnesty for the Hungarian progressives 1340: 1303: 1270: 1155: 1001: 962: 912: 678: 587: 2441: 1497:

The main goals of the deputies was to pass legislation to support the

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who served for over fifty years from 1796 to 1847, after a period as

5824:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Posner Grafikai Műintézet Részvénytársaság 5772:

Eulogy over Archduke Palatine Joseph Patron of the Hungarian Academy

1391:

of the Martinovics uprising, including author and language reformer

5818:

Palatine Joseph. A Creative Life in Writing and Pictures. 1776–1846

5767:

Emlékbeszéd József főherczeg nádor Magyar Academiai pártfogó felett

2611:, a demonstration of their trust and love of Hungary following the 2484: 2476: 2317: 2294:, but decided not to risk proposing because of French disapproval. 2178: 1810: 1566: 1333: 1260: 1229: 1128: 1028: 954: 658: 520: 425: 398: 382: 343: 64: 5706: 2234: 2101: 2097: 2017:

of Sweden, but the Swedish party refused to allow her to keep her

1652:

Since Archduke Joseph had developed a close relationship with the

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The death of Alexander Leopold was greatly mourned by progressive

744:

The teacher to have the greatest impact on the children was Count

6961: 4995: 4993: 4991: 4989: 3680: 3678: 2790: 2554: 2546:‘allow any comforting report to be made’. Kept awake by constant 1551: 1404: 547: 532: 259: 5765: 5499:"Szent Alexandra sírkápolna – Üröm | Magyar Ortodox Egyházmegye" 4389: 4356: 4313: 4276: 3538: 3536: 2353:. In 1817, she founded the first charitable women's association 1806:

For the development of Hungarian transportation, he founded the

1730:. When, in 1843, the Viennese government tried to shut down the 1251:

The first problem Joseph resolved on his own was an outbreak of

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Archduke Joseph's son Stephen was elected the next (and last)

1814: 1237: 338:; 9 March 1776 – 13 January 1847) was the 103 and penultimate 5797:]. 1 (in Hungarian). Budapest: Magyar Történelmi Társulat 5655:"Genealogisches Verzeichnis des gefammten Hauses Oesterreich" 4844: 4842: 4817: 4815: 4718: 4716: 4667: 4665: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4609: 4607: 4546: 4544: 4531: 4529: 4190: 4188: 4175: 4173: 4148: 4146: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3969: 3967: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3755: 3753: 3695: 3693: 3548: 3533: 3521: 3492: 2924:

Ancestors of Archduke Joseph of Austria (Palatine of Hungary)

2373: 2150: 2072: 2068: 1780: 1761: 1582:

factions. This would have made necessary reforms impossible.

1513: 1467: 1154:

Archduke Joseph entered Buda on 19 September 1795, heading a

686: 5567:

The Great Lexicon of Pallas. An Encyclopedy of All Knowledge

3511: 3509: 3507: 3424: 1794:. In 1846, he founded the Royal Joseph Polytechnic (today's 752: 5528: 5459: 5408: 5348: 5312: 5297: 5285: 5273: 5261: 5225: 5138: 5102: 5090: 5063: 5032: 5017: 2663: 1711: 1241: 950: 856: 604: 575: 336:

Habsburg József Antal János Baptista főherceg, József nádor

84: 5813:

József nádor. Egy alkotó élet irásban és képben. 1776–1847

5562:

A Pallas nagy lexikona. Az összes ismeretek enciklopédiája

5005: 4962: 4950: 4938: 4926: 4902: 4854: 4839: 4827: 4812: 4800: 4788: 4764: 4752: 4740: 4713: 4701: 4662: 4643: 4604: 4580: 4568: 4541: 4526: 4502: 4490: 4185: 4170: 4158: 4143: 4119: 4107: 4095: 4032: 4020: 3991: 3964: 3952: 3923: 3911: 3892: 3880: 3868: 3856: 3844: 3820: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3765: 3750: 3690: 3651: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3575: 2797:, married in 1853 and had issue, including Crown Princess 2662:

Archduchess Alexandrina Paulina of Austria (8 March 1801,

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Hof- und Staatshandbuch des österreichischen Kaiserthumes

5659:

Hof- und Staatshandbuch des österreichischen Kaiserthumes

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On 30 October, after Emperor Paul had awarded Joseph the

1603: 4061: 4059: 2724:

Maria Dorothea Louisa Wilhelmina Carolina of Württemberg

2266:, who had been promised in marriage to Electoral Prince 1867:, which he supplied with trees from his private park in 1840:

estate, introducing new methods and species to Hungary.

1656:

and especially his former mother-in-law Empress Dowager

1189:

who had participated in the Hungarian Jacobin movement.

713:, and mathematics. Joseph had a preference for history, 626:

It was Maria Theresa who appointed the young archdukes'

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Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary

5478: 5447: 5435: 5365: 4229:. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 201. 2702:

between 1835 and 1842, never married and had no issue;

1790:

was established, to which he contributed ten thousand

1501:

and industrial development of Hungary, stifled by the

996:

elected one of his younger sons, fourth-born Archduke

976: 5237: 4056: 3796: 2793:), queen consort of the Belgians as the wife of King 2333:, the seventeen-year-old eldest daughter of the late 5888: 2726:(born 1797, married 1819, widowed 1847, died 1855): 2335:

Victor II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym

1162:, received by a cheering crowd. On the 21st, he was 1064:, who had hoped that he would help them establish a 932: 328:

Erzherzog Joseph Anton Johann Baptist von Österreich

7066:

Prince Filippo "Filippino", Grand Prince of Tuscany

4334:

Aging in the Past. Demography, Society, and Old Age

2677:

Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym

2349:('wife of the palatine'), especially popular among 2331:

Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym

1554:in Hungary and to exclude Hungarian merchants from 365:. He played a prominent role in the development of 143:

Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym

4374:. Boulder: Social Science Monogrqphs. p. 15. 2743:in 1847 and had issue and second her first cousin 2365:. The labour was complicated, and Hermine died of 2281:Some time later, the Palatine considered marrying 2116:. For Joseph's birthday in 1800, she commissioned 1558:. Another economist supporting a major reform was 1023:, where he planned to surprise his younger sister 782:Archduke Joseph's father, Grand Duke Leopold, was 349:The latter half of his service coincided with the 4226:The Jews of Hungary. History, Culture, Psychology 3730: 355:Francis I, King of Hungary and Holy Roman Emperor 7456: 5649: 5647: 5645: 2557:, the late Archduke's body was embalmed, and he 2430:with charitable work, especially supporting the 2209:the Royal University of Pest eight years later. 6314:Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne 4331:. In Kertzer, David I.; Laslett, Peter (eds.). 2235:Marriage plans after Alexandra Pavlovna's death 2021:religion, and the marriage never materialised. 1943:of ‘Count Burgau’, and arrived on 20 February ( 1854: 1853:to oversee the works, and in October 1808, the 1796:Budapest University of Technology and Economics 1565:Another problem raised at the diet was that of 1492:Archuke Joseph, opening speech of the 1802 diet 1213:. The accusations were one of them translating 972:Archduke Alexander Leopold, Palatine of Hungary 847:. Joseph accompanied him to his coronations in 6999:Generations are numbered from the children of 5675: 3733:"1795. július 12. – Sándor Lipót nádor halála" 2741:Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-Este 1380:twice to finalise marriage plans with Emperor 6977: 5948: 5642: 4369: 2709:(14 September 1817, Buda – 19 February 1867, 2686:(14 September 1817, Buda – 13 February 1842, 2251:wanted him to wed her older sister, Princess 1801: 1127:, the King's uncle-in-law, who had served as 1019:. He then joined his family for a holiday in 644: 627: 483:The grand ducal family of Tuscany in 1776 on 389:happened under his supervision. He supported 7505:Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences 5558: 5194: 4463: 4372:Demography of Contemporary Hungarian Society 3620: 3464:[Palatine Joseph was born 230 ago]. 2200:in Alexandra's personal Orthodox chapel. It 1766:The Royal Hungarian Ludovica Defense Academy 353:, and he mediated between the government of 5786: 5546: 5534: 5522: 5472: 5429: 5417: 5402: 5390: 5359: 5342: 5330: 5318: 5306: 5291: 5279: 5267: 5255: 5231: 5147: 5132: 5120: 5108: 5096: 5084: 5072: 5057: 5045: 5026: 5011: 4999: 4980: 4968: 4956: 4944: 4932: 4920: 4908: 4896: 4884: 4872: 4860: 4848: 4833: 4821: 4806: 4794: 4782: 4770: 4758: 4746: 4734: 4722: 4707: 4695: 4683: 4671: 4656: 4637: 4625: 4613: 4598: 4586: 4574: 4562: 4550: 4535: 4520: 4508: 4496: 4206: 4194: 4179: 4164: 4152: 4137: 4125: 4113: 4101: 4089: 4077: 4038: 4026: 4014: 4002: 3985: 3973: 3958: 3946: 3934: 3917: 3905: 3886: 3874: 3862: 3850: 3838: 3826: 3814: 3771: 3759: 3711: 3699: 3684: 3669: 3657: 3566: 3554: 3542: 3527: 3515: 3498: 3486: 3433: 2809:Gavio Clùtos (2 March 1810 – January 1859). 2785:(23 August 1836, Buda – 19 September 1902, 2165:Alexandra Pavlovna's burial chapel in 2009. 834: 542:. Through his father, he was a grandson of 469: 448:. The Hungarian or Palatinal branch of the 7520:Children of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor 6984: 6970: 5955: 5941: 5763: 4050: 3790: 3731:Nagy-Luttenberger, István (11 July 2020). 3585: 2776:Princess Clotilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 2657:Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia 1647: 765:. His pedagogical philosophy was based on 586:and royal duty, and on the newer ideas of 361:, representing the country's interests in 118:Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia 36: 5832:– via Magyar Elektronikus Könyvtár. 5581:– via Magyar Elektronikus Könyvtár. 5221:– via Magyar Elektronikus Könyvtár. 4486:– via Magyar Elektronikus Könyvtár. 4370:Tóth, Pál Péter; Valkovics, Emil (1996). 3647:– via Magyar Elektronikus Könyvtár. 2287:Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia 2283:Princess Charlotte of Saxe-Hildburghausen 1770:Zrínyi Miklós National Defence University 1466:to Hungary, or allowing a free export of 1132:he appointed Joseph governor of Hungary. 937:In 1794, Joseph went on on a trip to the 634:Franz de Paula Karl von Colloredo-Waldsee 5599:(in Hungarian). A Habsburg nádori kripta 4221:"The Jews Under Maria Theresa (1740–80)" 2565:and the cause of his death was given as 2521: 2455: 2316: 2272: 2238: 2183: 2160: 2077: 1960: 1918: 1871:. In 1815, he supported the building of 1528:, a member of the governing council and 1000:. In 1795, he uncovered and repressed a 992:, which had been vacant since 1765. The 967: 874:, and natural history collection of the 817: 672: 617: 538:. He had fifteen siblings, two of whom 478: 7495:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria 5809: 5496: 5484: 5453: 5441: 5378: 5195:Hankó, Ildikó; Kiszely, István (1990). 5190: 5188: 5186: 5184: 5182: 5180: 5178: 5176: 4464:Hankó, Ildikó; Kiszely, István (1990). 4326: 4065: 3802: 3621:Hankó, Ildikó; Kiszely, István (1990). 2255:, a plan supported by the new emperor, 2188:Alexandra's tomb in the chapel's crypt. 2145:Pregnancy, birth of daughter, and death 670:. He allowed his charges more freedom. 474: 369:as a cultural and economic centre; the 157: 1815; died 1817) 132: 1799; died 1801) 7457: 7235:Alexander Leopold, Palatine of Hungary 7200:Maximilian Francis, Elector of Cologne 5962: 5844:Pavlovsk: The Life of a Russian Palace 5836: 5243: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5156: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4256: 3616: 3614: 3290: 3170: 3166: 3156: 3048: 2938: 2934: 2679:(born 1797, married 1815, died 1817): 2659:(born 1783, married 1799, died 1801): 2345:. She became an active and well-liked 1969:(in blue). The others, left to right: 1843: 1817:. On this, he collaborated with Count 1747: 1284: 1050: 725:; Joseph was instructed in gardening, 527:as the ninth child and seventh son of 229:Marie Henriette, Queen of the Belgians 6965: 6227:Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias 5936: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4218: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3366: 3356: 3352: 3340: 3334: 3324: 3308: 3298: 3294: 3278: 3272: 3262: 3246: 3236: 3232: 3220: 3214: 3204: 3188: 3178: 3174: 3150: 3140: 3124: 3114: 3110: 3098: 3092: 3082: 3066: 3056: 3052: 3036: 3030: 3020: 3004: 2994: 2990: 2978: 2972: 2962: 2946: 2942: 2700:Theresian Institution of Noble Ladies 2409:Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg 2401:Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg 2082:Alexandra Pavlovna on her wedding day 1849:appointed Hungarian-German architect 1700: 1398: 1289: 168:Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg 7223:Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany 7082:Ferdinando II, Grand Duke of Tuscany 6335:Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany 5617: 5213:from the original on 8 February 2018 5209:] (in Hungarian). Babits Kiadó. 4289: 3639:from the original on 8 February 2018 3635:] (in Hungarian). Babits Kiadó. 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3153:Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary 2864:Gold Civil Cross of Honour (1813/14) 2737:Elisabeth Franziska Maria of Austria 2177:, and early on the 15th, she became 1890:and turned it into a park. When the 1503:customs regulations of Maria Theresa 1368:Effect of first two visits to Russia 945:had temporarily regained during the 7305:Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany 7144:Gian Gastone, Grand Duke of Tuscany 7139:Ferdinando, Grand Prince of Tuscany 7035:Ferdinando I, Grand Duke of Tuscany 6527:Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany 6232:Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias 5497:Maklári, István (10 January 2013). 5153: 2613:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 2531: 1439: 1309: 1204: 1027:with a display of fireworks on her 977:Death of Archduke Alexander Leopold 13: 7194:Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Breisgau 7020:Francesco I, Grand Duke of Tuscany 6991: 6395:Karl Ambrosius, Primate of Hungary 4478:] (in Hungarian). Babits Kiadó 4404: 4259:Hungary. A Guide with a Difference 3717: 3591: 2745:Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria 2312: 1512:and Joseph II. Cities, towns, and 777: 566:in Florence, spent summers in the 14: 7551: 7530:19th-century archdukes of Austria 7510:Generals of the Holy Roman Empire 7288:Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany 7118:Cosimo III, Grand Duke of Tuscany 6426:Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany 5877: 4261:. Corvina Press. pp. 20–22. 3439: 2834:Grand Cross of the Southern Cross 2707:Stephen Francis Victor of Austria 2644:and the mother of Crown Princess 2426:Maria Dorothea spent her life as 2394: 1909: 933:Visit to the Austrian Netherlands 7056:Cosimo II, Grand Duke of Tuscany 5919: 5905: 5891: 5733: 5718: 5700: 5611: 5585: 5552: 5490: 3625:[Joseph, the Palatine]. 3462:"230 éve született József nádor" 3127:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick 2897: 2870: 2839: 2822: 1904: 529:Leopold I, Grand Duke of Tuscany 315:Archduke Joseph Anton of Austria 304: 7123:Francesco Maria, Duke of Rovere 7061:Cardinal Carlo, Bishop of Ostia 5757: 5573:from the original on 4 May 2007 4363: 4320: 4283: 4250: 4212: 2783:Marie Henriette Anne of Austria 2684:Hermine Amalie Marie of Austria 2108:living in Hungary) in a mix of 1914: 1823:Hungarian Commerce Bank of Pest 1444: 1376:. In 1798 and 1799, he visited 786:to the thrones of his brother, 677:Count von Hohenwart in 1794 on 219:Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska 199:Archduchess Alexandrina Paulina 179: 154: 129: 7217:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 4339:University of California Press 3069:Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor 3033:Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor 3007:Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans 2451: 2321:Joseph's second wife, Hermine. 2051:Arriving on 15 October in the 1923:Alexandra Pavlovna in 1796 on 895:Prince-Archbishop of Esztergom 824:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor 746:Sigismund Anton von Hohenwarth 446:Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor 275:Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor 1: 7446:* also an archduke of Austria 7176:Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor 6100:Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias 3417: 2975:Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor 2752:Joseph Karl Ludwig of Austria 2642:queen consort of the Belgians 2502:The three youngest children, 2104:(old name for Roman Catholic 2095:and talked to delegations of 1821:. He helped to establish the 1788:Hungarian Academy of Sciences 1172:Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun County 1055: 965:of imperial military leaders. 788:Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor 741:of over six thousand plants. 415:Hungarian Academy of Sciences 5787:Domanovszky, Sándor (1944). 5764:D. Schedel, Ferencz (1847). 5707:"A Szent István Rend tagjai" 5595:[About the Museum]. 3468:(in Hungarian). 9 March 2006 2909:Order of Saint Andrew (1798) 2634:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 1314: 1263:of the infected area with a 632:, 'governor', Count 487:'s painting. Left to right: 7: 7241:Joseph, Palatine of Hungary 7102:Leopoldo, Governor of Siena 6933:also an infante of Portugal 6095:Charles, Prince of Asturias 5795:The Life of Palatine Joseph 3466:Múlt-kor történelmi magazin 2915: 2853:Knight of the Golden Fleece 2764:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia 2058: 1477: 1330:Poland had been partitioned 763:prince-archbishop of Vienna 693:(the behaviour expected in 649:, 'vice-governor', 212:Archduchess Franziska Marie 10: 7556: 7515:Burials at Palatinal Crypt 7485:House of Habsburg-Lorraine 7411:Prince Franz Karl Salvator 7092:Mattias, Governor of Siena 6567:Archduke Ladislaus Philipp 6380:Francis IV, Duke of Modena 6160:Charles, Bishop of Wroclaw 5774:] (in Hungarian). Buda 3284: 3168: 3042: 2936: 2859:Grand Cross of St. Stephen 2815: 2369:within twenty-four hours. 2158:during the long delivery. 1802:Transportation and economy 1779:) to provide training for 1760:. He contributed valuable 1754:National Széchényi Library 1174:, followed by mass in the 1006:Hungarian Jacobin movement 568:Villa del Poggio Imperiale 562:. The family lived in the 452:descends from him. In the 450:House of Habsburg-Lorraine 419:National Széchényi Library 395:technical higher education 250:Joseph Anton John Baptiste 24:Archduke Joseph of Austria 7443: 7426: 7373: 7332: 7297: 7280: 7209: 7168: 7152: 7131: 7110: 7074: 7048: 7012: 6997: 6921: 6896: 6889: 6849: 6842: 6822: 6806: 6768: 6761: 6734: 6681: 6663: 6656: 6575: 6499: 6486:Francis V, Duke of Modena 6403: 6322: 6286: 6260: 6219: 6168: 6105:Diego, Prince of Asturias 6087: 6056: 6035: 6019: 6003: 5977: 5970: 4292:Servitude in Modern Times 3354: 3346: 3318: 3296: 3292: 3256: 3234: 3226: 3198: 3176: 3172: 3134: 3112: 3104: 3076: 3054: 3050: 3014: 2992: 2984: 2956: 2949:Leopold, Duke of Lorraine 2940: 2883:Knight of the Black Eagle 2479:and developed ymptoms of 2405:Duke Louis of Württemberg 2339:Amelia of Nassau-Weilburg 2037:Johann Amadeus von Thugut 1758:Hungarian National Museum 1334:Habsburg hereditary lands 959:French Revolutionary Army 947:French Revolutionary Wars 411:Hungarian National Museum 300: 290: 280: 270: 258: 249: 244: 240: 190: 106: 94: 74: 51: 35: 28: 23: 7340:Prince Leopold Ferdinand 7229:Charles, Duke of Teschen 6951:also a prince of Belgium 6939:also a prince of Tuscany 6927:also an infante of Spain 5837:Massie, Suzanne (1990). 5810:Lestyán, Sándor (1943). 5805:– via Hungaricana. 5712:22 December 2010 at the 4327:Andorka, Rudolf (1995). 3369:Maria Josepha of Austria 3095:Maria Theresa of Austria 2636:. One of his daughters, 2618: 2415:had been an ally of the 2307:William I of Württemberg 2299:Duke George of Oldenburg 2285:after her engagement to 2130:to perform in Budapest. 2120:to conduct his oratorio 1716:House of Representatives 1602:new recruits and higher 1519:Baron József Podmaniczky 876:Royal University of Pest 835:First visit to Pest-Buda 572:Villa di Poggio a Caiano 470:Early life and education 7358:Prince Leopold Salvator 7346:Prince Joseph Ferdinand 6945:also a prince of Modena 6242:Ferdinand IV of Hungary 5559:Pillera; Simor (1897). 4257:Halász, Zoltán (1978). 4219:Patai, Raphael (1996). 3737:Magyarságkutató Intézet 2889:Knight of the Red Eagle 2567:paralysis intestinorum, 2487:, and strong sweating. 2473:(‘inneren Wasserkopfe’) 1856:Pesti Szépítő Bizottság 1648:Third journey to Russia 1125:Albert, Duke of Teschen 1066:constitutional monarchy 7417:Prince Hubert Salvator 7352:Prince Peter Ferdinand 7323:Prince Johann Salvator 7317:Prince Ludwig Salvator 6512:Maximilian I of Mexico 6507:Emperor Franz Joseph I 5597:Magyar Nemzeti Galéria 3337:Maria Amalia of Saxony 3311:Augustus III of Poland 2778:in 1864 and had issue; 2747:in 1854 and had issue; 2528: 2461: 2413:Kingdom of Württemberg 2322: 2278: 2244: 2214:Saint Alexandra Chapel 2189: 2166: 2083: 2002: 1993:(above them a bust of 1959: 1928: 1855: 1645: 1495: 1434:classified information 1274:parts of the country. 1202: 986: 973: 949:. After his brother's 831: 826:as king of Hungary on 701:, geography, history, 682: 645: 628: 623: 574:, and some winters in 525:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 516: 460:, he bore the rank of 401:, the construction of 335: 327: 69:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 7364:Prince Franz Salvator 7259:Prince Rainier Joseph 7182:Prince Charles Joseph 7087:Cardinal Giovan Carlo 7005:Grand Duke of Tuscany 6491:Ferdinand Karl Viktor 6385:Ferdinand Karl Joseph 5782:– via REAL-EOD. 3275:Maria Louisa of Spain 2806:By an unknown woman: 2772:Austro-Hungarian Army 2525: 2459: 2367:postpartum infections 2320: 2290:to find a bride from 2276: 2242: 2187: 2181:, dying on 16 March. 2164: 2081: 1964: 1949: 1925:Vladimir Borovikovsky 1922: 1714:the proposals of the 1634: 1485: 1191: 1031:. As an enthusiastic 971: 821: 804:('Court Councillor') 735:binomial nomenclature 676: 622:Maria Theresa in 1772 621: 592:Jean-Jacques Rousseau 546:, Holy Roman Empress 503:, the Grand Duchess, 482: 7490:Palatines of Hungary 7393:Prince Leopold Maria 7311:Prince Karl Salvator 7001:Francesco de' Medici 5849:Hodder and Stoughton 5197:"Alexandra Pavlovna" 4290:Bush, M. L. (2000). 3217:Charles III of Spain 2861:, in Diamonds (1794) 2799:Stéphanie of Austria 2646:Stéphanie of Austria 2582:prostate enlargement 2570:intestinal paralysis 2421:Kirchheim unter Teck 2249:Elizabeth Alexeievna 2093:Hungarian folk music 1997:), the emperor, and 1670:Elizabeth Alexeievna 1629:Modruš-Rijeka County 1591:Austrian chancellery 939:Austrian Netherlands 536:Maria Luisa of Spain 475:Childhood in Tuscany 351:Hungarian Reform Era 285:Maria Luisa of Spain 224:Archduke Joseph Karl 7399:Prince Franz Joseph 7247:Prince Anton Victor 6721:Franz Karl Salvator 6583:Crown Prince Rudolf 6441:Frederick Ferdinand 6411:Emperor Ferdinand I 6237:Charles II of Spain 6110:Philip III of Spain 6027:Philip I of Castile 5630:on 27 December 2011 5549:, pp. 267–268. 5525:, pp. 265–267. 5432:, pp. 253–255. 5405:, pp. 252–253. 5393:, pp. 250–252. 5345:, pp. 249–250. 5333:, pp. 247–249. 5258:, pp. 232–234. 5207:The Palatinal Crypt 5135:, pp. 230–231. 5123:, pp. 225–227. 5087:, pp. 263–264. 5060:, pp. 261–262. 5002:, pp. 257–258. 4983:, pp. 256–257. 4923:, pp. 360–361. 4899:, pp. 359–360. 4887:, pp. 358–359. 4875:, pp. 357–358. 4785:, pp. 346–347. 4737:, pp. 342–343. 4698:, pp. 333–334. 4686:, pp. 332–333. 4640:, pp. 313–314. 4628:, pp. 311–313. 4601:, pp. 305–306. 4565:, pp. 303–304. 4523:, pp. 294–295. 4476:The Palatinal Crypt 4209:, p. 256, 288. 4140:, pp. 276–277. 4092:, pp. 270–272. 4080:, pp. 216–217. 4017:, pp. 206–208. 3988:, pp. 203–204. 3949:, pp. 202–203. 3841:, pp. 184–185. 3817:, pp. 114–115. 3714:, pp. 112–113. 3687:, pp. 110–111. 3672:, pp. 107–109. 3633:The Palatinal Crypt 3557:, pp. 104–105. 3545:, pp. 103–104. 3530:, pp. 102–103. 3501:, pp. 101–102. 2651:His children were: 2423:on 24 August 1819. 2196:body was laid on a 2065:Order of St. Andrew 2007:Catherine the Great 1844:Remodelling of Pest 1748:Hungarian education 1608:anti-constitutional 1556:international trade 1389:political prisoners 1285:Palatine of Hungary 1279:religious tolerance 1070:Conspiracy theories 1051:Governor of Hungary 828:Johann Peter Krafft 655:Federigo Manfredini 456:, and later in the 340:palatine of Hungary 203:Archduchess Hermine 30:Palatine of Hungary 6904:Ferdinand Zvonimir 6176:Philip IV of Spain 6064:Philip II of Spain 5964:Austrian archdukes 5790:József nádor élete 3436:, pp. 99–100. 2878:Kingdom of Prussia 2668:Kingdom of Hungary 2529: 2462: 2323: 2309:and died in 1819. 2303:Congress of Vienna 2279: 2264:Catherine Pavlovna 2245: 2207:mineral collection 2190: 2167: 2084: 2003: 1937:Alexandra Pavlovna 1929: 1834:demonstration farm 1701:Other achievements 1682:Catherine Pavlovna 1668:, Empress Consort 1616:royal prerogatives 1560:Gergely Berzeviczy 1399:The report of 1801 1321:ultra-conservative 1290:Palatinal election 1035:, he prepared the 974: 897:, but also seeing 832: 822:The coronation of 683: 643:, assisted by the 624: 517: 507:, the Grand Duke, 359:Hungarian nobility 215:Archduke Alexander 89:Kingdom of Hungary 7452: 7451: 7025:Cardinal Giovanni 6959: 6958: 6917: 6916: 6885: 6884: 6838: 6837: 6778:Crown Prince Otto 6757: 6756: 6668:Emperor Charles I 6603:Leopold Ferdinand 6345:Alexander Leopold 6330:Emperor Francis I 6211:Sigismund Francis 6206:Ferdinand Charles 6150:Maximilian Ernest 5689:, 1847, p. 7 5618:Cserháti, Endre. 4236:978-0-8143-2561-2 3623:"József, a nádor" 3414: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3249:Elisabeth Farnese 3191:Philip V of Spain 2847:Habsburg Monarchy 2578:circulatory shock 2576:and a consequent 2493:paratyphoid fever 2327:Schaumburg Castle 2268:Ludwig of Bavaria 2126:and also invited 1728:Miklós Wesselényi 1708:House of Magnates 1451:military training 1021:Laxenburg castles 1017:Ignác Martinovics 998:Alexander Leopold 943:Habsburg monarchy 806:Franz von Zeiller 796:political science 792:military training 761:who later became 733:. He learned the 711:political science 611:, and prayed the 497:Alexander Leopold 312: 311: 295:Roman Catholicism 265:Habsburg-Lorraine 254: 253: 7547: 7480:Austrian princes 7475:Sons of emperors 7405:Prince Karl Pius 7381:Prince Gottfried 7097:Prince Francesco 6986: 6979: 6972: 6963: 6962: 6894: 6893: 6847: 6846: 6766: 6765: 6661: 6660: 6618:Leopold Salvator 6476:Rainer Ferdinand 5957: 5950: 5943: 5934: 5933: 5929: 5927:Biography portal 5924: 5923: 5922: 5915: 5910: 5909: 5908: 5901: 5896: 5895: 5894: 5873: 5870:Internet Archive 5867: 5865: 5833: 5831: 5829: 5823: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5751: 5750: 5737: 5731: 5722: 5716: 5704: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5679: 5673: 5672: 5671: 5669: 5661:, 1860, p. 5651: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5626:. Archived from 5615: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5589: 5583: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5556: 5550: 5547:Domanovszky 1944 5544: 5538: 5535:Domanovszky 1944 5532: 5526: 5523:Domanovszky 1944 5520: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5509: 5494: 5488: 5482: 5476: 5473:Domanovszky 1944 5470: 5457: 5451: 5445: 5439: 5433: 5430:Domanovszky 1944 5427: 5421: 5418:Domanovszky 1944 5415: 5406: 5403:Domanovszky 1944 5400: 5394: 5391:Domanovszky 1944 5388: 5382: 5376: 5363: 5360:Domanovszky 1944 5357: 5346: 5343:Domanovszky 1944 5340: 5334: 5331:Domanovszky 1944 5328: 5322: 5319:Domanovszky 1944 5316: 5310: 5307:Domanovszky 1944 5304: 5295: 5292:Domanovszky 1944 5289: 5283: 5280:Domanovszky 1944 5277: 5271: 5268:Domanovszky 1944 5265: 5259: 5256:Domanovszky 1944 5253: 5247: 5241: 5235: 5232:Domanovszky 1944 5229: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5192: 5151: 5148:Domanovszky 1944 5145: 5136: 5133:Domanovszky 1944 5130: 5124: 5121:Domanovszky 1944 5118: 5112: 5109:Domanovszky 1944 5106: 5100: 5097:Domanovszky 1944 5094: 5088: 5085:Domanovszky 1944 5082: 5076: 5073:Domanovszky 1944 5070: 5061: 5058:Domanovszky 1944 5055: 5049: 5046:Domanovszky 1944 5043: 5030: 5027:Domanovszky 1944 5024: 5015: 5012:Domanovszky 1944 5009: 5003: 5000:Domanovszky 1944 4997: 4984: 4981:Domanovszky 1944 4978: 4972: 4969:Domanovszky 1944 4966: 4960: 4957:Domanovszky 1944 4954: 4948: 4945:Domanovszky 1944 4942: 4936: 4933:Domanovszky 1944 4930: 4924: 4921:Domanovszky 1944 4918: 4912: 4909:Domanovszky 1944 4906: 4900: 4897:Domanovszky 1944 4894: 4888: 4885:Domanovszky 1944 4882: 4876: 4873:Domanovszky 1944 4870: 4864: 4861:Domanovszky 1944 4858: 4852: 4849:Domanovszky 1944 4846: 4837: 4834:Domanovszky 1944 4831: 4825: 4822:Domanovszky 1944 4819: 4810: 4807:Domanovszky 1944 4804: 4798: 4795:Domanovszky 1944 4792: 4786: 4783:Domanovszky 1944 4780: 4774: 4771:Domanovszky 1944 4768: 4762: 4759:Domanovszky 1944 4756: 4750: 4747:Domanovszky 1944 4744: 4738: 4735:Domanovszky 1944 4732: 4726: 4723:Domanovszky 1944 4720: 4711: 4708:Domanovszky 1944 4705: 4699: 4696:Domanovszky 1944 4693: 4687: 4684:Domanovszky 1944 4681: 4675: 4672:Domanovszky 1944 4669: 4660: 4657:Domanovszky 1944 4654: 4641: 4638:Domanovszky 1944 4635: 4629: 4626:Domanovszky 1944 4623: 4617: 4614:Domanovszky 1944 4611: 4602: 4599:Domanovszky 1944 4596: 4590: 4587:Domanovszky 1944 4584: 4578: 4575:Domanovszky 1944 4572: 4566: 4563:Domanovszky 1944 4560: 4554: 4551:Domanovszky 1944 4548: 4539: 4536:Domanovszky 1944 4533: 4524: 4521:Domanovszky 1944 4518: 4512: 4509:Domanovszky 1944 4506: 4500: 4497:Domanovszky 1944 4494: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4461: 4402: 4401: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4254: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4216: 4210: 4207:Domanovszky 1944 4204: 4198: 4195:Domanovszky 1944 4192: 4183: 4180:Domanovszky 1944 4177: 4168: 4165:Domanovszky 1944 4162: 4156: 4153:Domanovszky 1944 4150: 4141: 4138:Domanovszky 1944 4135: 4129: 4126:Domanovszky 1944 4123: 4117: 4114:Domanovszky 1944 4111: 4105: 4102:Domanovszky 1944 4099: 4093: 4090:Domanovszky 1944 4087: 4081: 4078:Domanovszky 1944 4075: 4069: 4063: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4039:Domanovszky 1944 4036: 4030: 4027:Domanovszky 1944 4024: 4018: 4015:Domanovszky 1944 4012: 4006: 4003:Domanovszky 1944 4000: 3989: 3986:Domanovszky 1944 3983: 3977: 3974:Domanovszky 1944 3971: 3962: 3959:Domanovszky 1944 3956: 3950: 3947:Domanovszky 1944 3944: 3938: 3935:Domanovszky 1944 3932: 3921: 3918:Domanovszky 1944 3915: 3909: 3906:Domanovszky 1944 3903: 3890: 3887:Domanovszky 1944 3884: 3878: 3875:Domanovszky 1944 3872: 3866: 3863:Domanovszky 1944 3860: 3854: 3851:Domanovszky 1944 3848: 3842: 3839:Domanovszky 1944 3836: 3830: 3827:Domanovszky 1944 3824: 3818: 3815:Domanovszky 1944 3812: 3806: 3800: 3794: 3788: 3775: 3772:Domanovszky 1944 3769: 3763: 3760:Domanovszky 1944 3757: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3743: 3728: 3715: 3712:Domanovszky 1944 3709: 3703: 3700:Domanovszky 1944 3697: 3688: 3685:Domanovszky 1944 3682: 3673: 3670:Domanovszky 1944 3667: 3661: 3658:Domanovszky 1944 3655: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3618: 3589: 3583: 3570: 3567:Domanovszky 1944 3564: 3558: 3555:Domanovszky 1944 3552: 3546: 3543:Domanovszky 1944 3540: 3531: 3528:Domanovszky 1944 3525: 3519: 3516:Domanovszky 1944 3513: 3502: 3499:Domanovszky 1944 3496: 3490: 3487:Domanovszky 1944 3484: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3458: 3437: 3434:Domanovszky 1944 3431: 2930: 2929: 2921: 2920: 2903: 2901: 2900: 2885:, 14 August 1844 2876: 2874: 2873: 2845: 2843: 2842: 2830:Empire of Brazil 2828: 2826: 2825: 2758:– 13 June 1905, 2532:Death and legacy 2386: 2378:Calvinist church 2222: 2034: 1957: 1900: 1881: 1873:Buda Observatory 1858: 1831: 1819:István Széchenyi 1778: 1741: 1658:Maria Feodorovna 1654:House of Romanov 1643: 1595:public sentiment 1538: 1527: 1511: 1493: 1440:The diet of 1802 1422:court councillor 1378:Saint Petersburg 1350:prisoners of war 1310:Work as palatine 1266:cordon sanitaire 1205:Work as governor 1200: 1188: 1160:triumphal arches 1104: 1093: 1082: 1062:Hungarian nobles 1014: 924: 910: 892: 884:József Battyhány 872:botanical garden 869: 814: 784:heir presumptive 759: 755: 648: 642: 631: 432:and a prince of 391:public education 322: 308: 242: 241: 208:Archduke Stephen 183: 181: 158: 156: 133: 131: 81: 61: 59: 40: 21: 20: 7555: 7554: 7550: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7545: 7544: 7455: 7454: 7453: 7448: 7439: 7427:13th generation 7422: 7374:12th generation 7369: 7333:11th generation 7328: 7298:10th generation 7293: 7276: 7271:Cardinal Rudolf 7205: 7164: 7148: 7127: 7106: 7070: 7044: 7008: 6993: 6990: 6960: 6955: 6913: 6890:19th generation 6881: 6843:18th generation 6834: 6818: 6802: 6770: 6762:17th generation 6753: 6736: 6730: 6726:Hubert Salvator 6683: 6677: 6657:16th generation 6652: 6613:Peter Ferdinand 6608:Josef Ferdinand 6588:Franz Ferdinand 6576:15th generation 6571: 6552:Charles Stephen 6537:Ludwig Salvator 6500:14th generation 6495: 6404:13th generation 6399: 6375:Cardinal Rudolf 6323:12th generation 6318: 6287:11th generation 6282: 6256: 6215: 6201:Leopold Wilhelm 6164: 6083: 6052: 6031: 6015: 5999: 5973: 5966: 5961: 5925: 5920: 5918: 5911: 5906: 5904: 5897: 5892: 5890: 5880: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5827: 5825: 5821: 5800: 5798: 5777: 5775: 5760: 5755: 5754: 5739: 5738: 5734: 5723: 5719: 5714:Wayback Machine 5705: 5701: 5692: 5690: 5681: 5680: 5676: 5667: 5665: 5653: 5652: 5643: 5633: 5631: 5616: 5612: 5602: 5600: 5591: 5590: 5586: 5576: 5574: 5557: 5553: 5545: 5541: 5533: 5529: 5521: 5517: 5507: 5505: 5495: 5491: 5483: 5479: 5471: 5460: 5452: 5448: 5440: 5436: 5428: 5424: 5416: 5409: 5401: 5397: 5389: 5385: 5377: 5366: 5358: 5349: 5341: 5337: 5329: 5325: 5317: 5313: 5305: 5298: 5290: 5286: 5278: 5274: 5266: 5262: 5254: 5250: 5242: 5238: 5230: 5226: 5216: 5214: 5202:József, a nádor 5193: 5154: 5146: 5139: 5131: 5127: 5119: 5115: 5107: 5103: 5095: 5091: 5083: 5079: 5071: 5064: 5056: 5052: 5044: 5033: 5025: 5018: 5010: 5006: 4998: 4987: 4979: 4975: 4967: 4963: 4955: 4951: 4943: 4939: 4931: 4927: 4919: 4915: 4907: 4903: 4895: 4891: 4883: 4879: 4871: 4867: 4859: 4855: 4847: 4840: 4832: 4828: 4820: 4813: 4805: 4801: 4793: 4789: 4781: 4777: 4769: 4765: 4757: 4753: 4745: 4741: 4733: 4729: 4721: 4714: 4706: 4702: 4694: 4690: 4682: 4678: 4670: 4663: 4655: 4644: 4636: 4632: 4624: 4620: 4612: 4605: 4597: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4573: 4569: 4561: 4557: 4549: 4542: 4534: 4527: 4519: 4515: 4507: 4503: 4495: 4491: 4481: 4479: 4471:A nádori kripta 4462: 4405: 4382: 4368: 4364: 4349: 4325: 4321: 4306: 4288: 4284: 4269: 4255: 4251: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4217: 4213: 4205: 4201: 4193: 4186: 4178: 4171: 4163: 4159: 4151: 4144: 4136: 4132: 4124: 4120: 4112: 4108: 4100: 4096: 4088: 4084: 4076: 4072: 4064: 4057: 4051:D. Schedel 1847 4049: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4025: 4021: 4013: 4009: 4001: 3992: 3984: 3980: 3972: 3965: 3957: 3953: 3945: 3941: 3933: 3924: 3916: 3912: 3904: 3893: 3885: 3881: 3873: 3869: 3861: 3857: 3849: 3845: 3837: 3833: 3825: 3821: 3813: 3809: 3801: 3797: 3791:D. Schedel 1847 3789: 3778: 3770: 3766: 3758: 3751: 3741: 3739: 3729: 3718: 3710: 3706: 3698: 3691: 3683: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3642: 3640: 3628:A nádori kripta 3619: 3592: 3586:D. Schedel 1847 3584: 3573: 3565: 3561: 3553: 3549: 3541: 3534: 3526: 3522: 3514: 3505: 3497: 3493: 3485: 3481: 3471: 3469: 3460: 3459: 3440: 3432: 3425: 3420: 3415: 2918: 2898: 2896: 2871: 2869: 2840: 2838: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2754:(2 March 1833, 2696:princess-abbess 2692:Austrian Empire 2638:Marie Henriette 2625:died in infancy 2621: 2539:extreme unction 2534: 2512:Marie Henriette 2454: 2417:Austrian Empire 2397: 2380: 2355:(‘nőegyesület’) 2315: 2313:Second marriage 2253:Amalia of Baden 2237: 2216: 2147: 2135:magyar királyné 2061: 2053:Gatchina Palace 2028: 2015:Gustav IV Adolf 1981:, the empress, 1958: 1955: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1894: 1888:Margaret Island 1875: 1846: 1825: 1804: 1772: 1750: 1735: 1703: 1662:Napoleonic Wars 1650: 1644: 1641: 1532: 1530:Miklós Skerlecz 1521: 1505: 1494: 1491: 1480: 1457:, and demanded 1447: 1442: 1401: 1393:Ferenc Kazinczy 1370: 1355:and proposed a 1317: 1312: 1300:Diet of Hungary 1292: 1287: 1228:(today Trnava, 1215:La Marseillaise 1207: 1201: 1198: 1182: 1180:Ferenc Verseghy 1176:Matthias Church 1117:Ugocsa Counties 1098: 1087: 1076: 1058: 1053: 1008: 994:Diet of Hungary 979: 935: 925:. He preferred 918: 904: 886: 863: 837: 808: 780: 778:Youth in Vienna 757: 753: 719:natural history 636: 540:died in infancy 477: 472: 387:Margaret Island 318: 236: 186: 185: 182: 1819) 177: 173: 170: 160: 152: 148: 145: 135: 127: 123: 120: 102: 100:Palatinal Crypt 83: 79: 78:13 January 1847 63: 57: 55: 47: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7553: 7543: 7542: 7540:Sons of counts 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7450: 7449: 7444: 7441: 7440: 7438: 7437: 7434:Prince Dominic 7430: 7428: 7424: 7423: 7421: 7420: 7414: 7408: 7402: 7396: 7390: 7384: 7377: 7375: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7367: 7361: 7355: 7349: 7343: 7336: 7334: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7326: 7320: 7314: 7308: 7301: 7299: 7295: 7294: 7292: 7291: 7284: 7282: 7281:9th generation 7278: 7277: 7275: 7274: 7268: 7262: 7256: 7250: 7244: 7238: 7232: 7226: 7220: 7213: 7211: 7210:8th generation 7207: 7206: 7204: 7203: 7197: 7191: 7185: 7179: 7172: 7170: 7169:7th generation 7166: 7165: 7163: 7162: 7156: 7154: 7153:6th generation 7150: 7149: 7147: 7146: 7141: 7135: 7133: 7132:5th generation 7129: 7128: 7126: 7125: 7120: 7114: 7112: 7111:4th generation 7108: 7107: 7105: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7078: 7076: 7075:3rd generation 7072: 7071: 7069: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7052: 7050: 7049:2nd generation 7046: 7045: 7043: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7016: 7014: 7013:1st generation 7010: 7009: 6998: 6995: 6994: 6992:Tuscan princes 6989: 6988: 6981: 6974: 6966: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6953: 6947: 6941: 6935: 6929: 6922: 6919: 6918: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6911: 6906: 6900: 6898: 6891: 6887: 6886: 6883: 6882: 6880: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6853: 6851: 6844: 6840: 6839: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6826: 6824: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6816: 6810: 6808: 6804: 6803: 6801: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6774: 6772: 6763: 6759: 6758: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6751: 6746: 6740: 6738: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6687: 6685: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6675: 6670: 6664: 6658: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6650: 6648:Joseph Francis 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6628:Albrecht Franz 6625: 6623:Franz Salvator 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6598:Ferdinand Karl 6595: 6590: 6585: 6579: 6577: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6503: 6501: 6497: 6496: 6494: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6481:Heinrich Anton 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6461:Leopold Ludwig 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6436:Karl Ferdinand 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6407: 6405: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6326: 6324: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6299:Charles Joseph 6296: 6290: 6288: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6280: 6275: 6273:Leopold Joseph 6270: 6264: 6262: 6261:9th generation 6258: 6257: 6255: 6254: 6252:Charles Joseph 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6223: 6221: 6220:8th generation 6217: 6216: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6172: 6170: 6169:7th generation 6166: 6165: 6163: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6130:Maximilian III 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6091: 6089: 6088:6th generation 6085: 6084: 6082: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6060: 6058: 6057:5th generation 6054: 6053: 6051: 6050: 6045: 6039: 6037: 6036:4th generation 6033: 6032: 6030: 6029: 6023: 6021: 6020:3rd generation 6017: 6016: 6014: 6013: 6007: 6005: 6004:2nd generation 6001: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5981: 5979: 5978:1st generation 5975: 5974: 5971: 5968: 5967: 5960: 5959: 5952: 5945: 5937: 5931: 5930: 5916: 5913:Hungary portal 5902: 5899:History portal 5887: 5886: 5879: 5878:External links 5876: 5875: 5874: 5857: 5834: 5807: 5784: 5759: 5756: 5753: 5752: 5732: 5717: 5699: 5683:"Ritter-orden" 5674: 5641: 5610: 5584: 5551: 5539: 5537:, p. 267. 5527: 5515: 5489: 5477: 5475:, p. 255. 5458: 5446: 5434: 5422: 5420:, p. 253. 5407: 5395: 5383: 5364: 5362:, p. 250. 5347: 5335: 5323: 5321:, p. 247. 5311: 5309:, p. 241. 5296: 5294:, p. 240. 5284: 5282:, p. 239. 5272: 5270:, p. 237. 5260: 5248: 5236: 5234:, p. 232. 5224: 5152: 5150:, p. 231. 5137: 5125: 5113: 5111:, p. 265. 5101: 5099:, p. 266. 5089: 5077: 5075:, p. 262. 5062: 5050: 5048:, p. 261. 5031: 5029:, p. 260. 5016: 5014:, p. 259. 5004: 4985: 4973: 4971:, p. 365. 4961: 4959:, p. 363. 4949: 4947:, p. 362. 4937: 4935:, p. 361. 4925: 4913: 4911:, p. 360. 4901: 4889: 4877: 4865: 4863:, p. 356. 4853: 4851:, p. 355. 4838: 4836:, p. 352. 4826: 4824:, p. 349. 4811: 4809:, p. 348. 4799: 4797:, p. 347. 4787: 4775: 4773:, p. 345. 4763: 4761:, p. 344. 4751: 4749:, p. 343. 4739: 4727: 4725:, p. 339. 4712: 4710:, p. 338. 4700: 4688: 4676: 4674:, p. 323. 4661: 4659:, p. 346. 4642: 4630: 4618: 4616:, p. 310. 4603: 4591: 4589:, p. 305. 4579: 4577:, p. 304. 4567: 4555: 4553:, p. 296. 4540: 4538:, p. 295. 4525: 4513: 4511:, p. 294. 4501: 4499:, p. 293. 4489: 4403: 4381:978-0880333580 4380: 4362: 4347: 4319: 4305:978-0745617305 4304: 4282: 4268:978-9631330076 4267: 4249: 4235: 4211: 4199: 4197:, p. 283. 4184: 4182:, p. 282. 4169: 4167:, p. 281. 4157: 4155:, p. 279. 4142: 4130: 4128:, p. 275. 4118: 4116:, p. 274. 4106: 4104:, p. 273. 4094: 4082: 4070: 4055: 4043: 4041:, p. 209. 4031: 4029:, p. 212. 4019: 4007: 4005:, p. 205. 3990: 3978: 3976:, p. 204. 3963: 3961:, p. 203. 3951: 3939: 3937:, p. 202. 3922: 3920:, p. 201. 3910: 3908:, p. 200. 3891: 3889:, p. 198. 3879: 3877:, p. 197. 3867: 3865:, p. 187. 3855: 3853:, p. 185. 3843: 3831: 3829:, p. 184. 3819: 3807: 3795: 3776: 3774:, p. 114. 3764: 3762:, p. 113. 3749: 3716: 3704: 3702:, p. 111. 3689: 3674: 3662: 3660:, p. 107. 3650: 3590: 3571: 3569:, p. 109. 3559: 3547: 3532: 3520: 3518:, p. 102. 3503: 3491: 3489:, p. 101. 3479: 3438: 3422: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3412: 3411: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3371: 3365: 3362: 3361: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3329: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3314: 3313: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3271: 3268: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3213: 3210: 3209: 3206: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3180: 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3161: 3158: 3157: 3155: 3149: 3146: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3129: 3123: 3120: 3119: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3099: 3097: 3091: 3088: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3081: 3078: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3009: 3003: 3000: 2999: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2977: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2951: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2926: 2925: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2913: 2912: 2911: 2910: 2905:Russian Empire 2894: 2893: 2892: 2886: 2867: 2866: 2865: 2862: 2856: 2836: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2812: 2811: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2802: 2779: 2748: 2733: 2730: 2720: 2719: 2718: 2703: 2673: 2672: 2671: 2620: 2617: 2605:Franz Joseph I 2533: 2530: 2470:hydrocephalus’ 2453: 2450: 2437:New Year's Day 2403:, daughter of 2396: 2395:Third marriage 2393: 2314: 2311: 2236: 2233: 2146: 2143: 2060: 2057: 2011:Elena Pavlovna 1967:Elena Pavlovna 1953: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1910:First marriage 1908: 1906: 1903: 1845: 1842: 1803: 1800: 1749: 1746: 1720:László Lovassy 1702: 1699: 1649: 1646: 1639: 1489: 1479: 1476: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1426:lower nobility 1400: 1397: 1374:Russian Empire 1369: 1366: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1291: 1288: 1286: 1283: 1206: 1203: 1196: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1033:pyrotechnician 978: 975: 934: 931: 880:Prince-Primate 836: 833: 779: 776: 607:, studied the 596:mother tongues 499:, Maximilian, 476: 473: 471: 468: 444:as the son of 405:, and various 310: 309: 302: 298: 297: 292: 288: 287: 282: 278: 277: 272: 268: 267: 262: 256: 255: 252: 251: 247: 246: 238: 237: 235: 234: 231: 226: 221: 216: 213: 210: 205: 200: 196: 194: 188: 187: 175: 171: 166: 165: 164: 163: 150: 146: 141: 140: 139: 138: 125: 121: 116: 115: 114: 113: 110: 108: 104: 103: 98: 96: 92: 91: 82:(aged 70) 76: 72: 71: 53: 49: 48: 44:Miklós Barabás 41: 33: 32: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7552: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7535:Sons of dukes 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7525:Sons of kings 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7447: 7442: 7435: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7425: 7418: 7415: 7412: 7409: 7406: 7403: 7400: 7397: 7394: 7391: 7388: 7387:Prince Rainer 7385: 7382: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7372: 7365: 7362: 7359: 7356: 7353: 7350: 7347: 7344: 7341: 7338: 7337: 7335: 7331: 7324: 7321: 7318: 7315: 7312: 7309: 7306: 7303: 7302: 7300: 7296: 7289: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7279: 7272: 7269: 7266: 7263: 7260: 7257: 7254: 7251: 7248: 7245: 7242: 7239: 7236: 7233: 7230: 7227: 7224: 7221: 7218: 7215: 7214: 7212: 7208: 7201: 7198: 7195: 7192: 7189: 7186: 7183: 7180: 7177: 7174: 7173: 7171: 7167: 7161: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7151: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7130: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7113: 7109: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7073: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7051: 7047: 7041: 7040:Prince Pietro 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7030:Prince Garzia 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7011: 7006: 7002: 6996: 6987: 6982: 6980: 6975: 6973: 6968: 6967: 6964: 6952: 6948: 6946: 6942: 6940: 6936: 6934: 6930: 6928: 6924: 6923: 6920: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6895: 6892: 6888: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6848: 6845: 6841: 6831: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6821: 6815: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6805: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6767: 6764: 6760: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6733: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6701:Leopold Maria 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6680: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6665: 6662: 6659: 6655: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6633:Karl Albrecht 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6574: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6562:Joseph August 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6542:John Salvator 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6532:Karl Salvator 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6522:Ludwig Viktor 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6504: 6502: 6498: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6446:Wilhelm Franz 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6402: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6365:Rainer Joseph 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6321: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6285: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6265: 6263: 6259: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6167: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6145:Ferdinand III 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6092: 6090: 6086: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6069:Maximilian II 6067: 6065: 6062: 6061: 6059: 6055: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6040: 6038: 6034: 6028: 6025: 6024: 6022: 6018: 6012: 6009: 6008: 6006: 6002: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5976: 5969: 5965: 5958: 5953: 5951: 5946: 5944: 5939: 5938: 5935: 5928: 5917: 5914: 5903: 5900: 5889: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5871: 5860: 5858:0-340-48790-9 5854: 5850: 5846: 5845: 5840: 5839:"First Years" 5835: 5819: 5815: 5814: 5808: 5796: 5792: 5791: 5785: 5773: 5769: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5748: 5744: 5743: 5736: 5730: 5726: 5721: 5715: 5711: 5708: 5703: 5688: 5684: 5678: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5629: 5625: 5624:SOTE Múzeumok 5621: 5614: 5598: 5594: 5593:"A Múzeumról" 5588: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5563: 5555: 5548: 5543: 5536: 5531: 5524: 5519: 5504: 5500: 5493: 5487:, p. 32. 5486: 5481: 5474: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5456:, p. 31. 5455: 5450: 5444:, p. 29. 5443: 5438: 5431: 5426: 5419: 5414: 5412: 5404: 5399: 5392: 5387: 5381:, p. 28. 5380: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5361: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5344: 5339: 5332: 5327: 5320: 5315: 5308: 5303: 5301: 5293: 5288: 5281: 5276: 5269: 5264: 5257: 5252: 5246:, p. 36. 5245: 5240: 5233: 5228: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5203: 5198: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5149: 5144: 5142: 5134: 5129: 5122: 5117: 5110: 5105: 5098: 5093: 5086: 5081: 5074: 5069: 5067: 5059: 5054: 5047: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5036: 5028: 5023: 5021: 5013: 5008: 5001: 4996: 4994: 4992: 4990: 4982: 4977: 4970: 4965: 4958: 4953: 4946: 4941: 4934: 4929: 4922: 4917: 4910: 4905: 4898: 4893: 4886: 4881: 4874: 4869: 4862: 4857: 4850: 4845: 4843: 4835: 4830: 4823: 4818: 4816: 4808: 4803: 4796: 4791: 4784: 4779: 4772: 4767: 4760: 4755: 4748: 4743: 4736: 4731: 4724: 4719: 4717: 4709: 4704: 4697: 4692: 4685: 4680: 4673: 4668: 4666: 4658: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4639: 4634: 4627: 4622: 4615: 4610: 4608: 4600: 4595: 4588: 4583: 4576: 4571: 4564: 4559: 4552: 4547: 4545: 4537: 4532: 4530: 4522: 4517: 4510: 4505: 4498: 4493: 4477: 4473: 4472: 4467: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4373: 4366: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4335: 4330: 4323: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4297: 4293: 4286: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4264: 4260: 4253: 4238: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4222: 4215: 4208: 4203: 4196: 4191: 4189: 4181: 4176: 4174: 4166: 4161: 4154: 4149: 4147: 4139: 4134: 4127: 4122: 4115: 4110: 4103: 4098: 4091: 4086: 4079: 4074: 4068:, p. 26. 4067: 4062: 4060: 4052: 4047: 4040: 4035: 4028: 4023: 4016: 4011: 4004: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3987: 3982: 3975: 3970: 3968: 3960: 3955: 3948: 3943: 3936: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3919: 3914: 3907: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3888: 3883: 3876: 3871: 3864: 3859: 3852: 3847: 3840: 3835: 3828: 3823: 3816: 3811: 3805:, p. 25. 3804: 3799: 3792: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3773: 3768: 3761: 3756: 3754: 3738: 3734: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3713: 3708: 3701: 3696: 3694: 3686: 3681: 3679: 3671: 3666: 3659: 3654: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3629: 3624: 3617: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3587: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3568: 3563: 3556: 3551: 3544: 3539: 3537: 3529: 3524: 3517: 3512: 3510: 3508: 3500: 3495: 3488: 3483: 3467: 3463: 3457: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3435: 3430: 3428: 3423: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3373: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3360: 3359: 3350: 3349: 3344: 3343: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3328: 3327: 3322: 3321: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3288: 3287: 3282: 3281: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3253: 3250: 3244: 3243: 3240: 3239: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3223: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3208: 3207: 3202: 3201: 3196: 3195: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3164: 3163: 3160: 3159: 3154: 3148: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3131: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3108: 3107: 3102: 3101: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3086: 3085: 3080: 3079: 3074: 3073: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3046: 3045: 3040: 3039: 3034: 3028: 3027: 3024: 3023: 3018: 3017: 3012: 3011: 3008: 3002: 3001: 2998: 2997: 2988: 2987: 2982: 2981: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2960: 2959: 2954: 2953: 2950: 2944: 2932: 2931: 2928: 2927: 2923: 2922: 2908: 2907: 2906: 2895: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2879: 2868: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2837: 2835: 2831: 2820: 2819: 2808: 2807: 2805: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2768:major general 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2653: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2626: 2616: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2601:Johann Halbig 2598: 2597:Lajos Kossuth 2594: 2593:Ferdinand I/V 2590: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2553:Following an 2551: 2549: 2543: 2540: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2497:typhoid fever 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2481:scarlet fever 2478: 2474: 2471: 2467: 2460:Alcsút Palace 2458: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2392: 2390: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2370: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2337:and Princess 2336: 2332: 2329:, he married 2328: 2319: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2293: 2288: 2284: 2275: 2271: 2269: 2265: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2241: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2225:grave robbery 2220: 2215: 2210: 2208: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2186: 2182: 2180: 2176: 2175:typhoid fever 2172: 2163: 2159: 2157: 2152: 2142: 2140: 2139:Maria Theresa 2136: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2124: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2094: 2090: 2080: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2056: 2054: 2049: 2046: 2041: 2038: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1952: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1926: 1921: 1905:Personal life 1902: 1898: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1879: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1809: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1776: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1745: 1743: 1739: 1734: 1729: 1725: 1724:Lajos Kossuth 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1698: 1695: 1690: 1689: 1683: 1679: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1638: 1633: 1630: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1612: 1609: 1605: 1599: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1572: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1546: 1545:Zagreb County 1542: 1536: 1531: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1509: 1504: 1500: 1488: 1484: 1475: 1471: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1396: 1394: 1390: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1365: 1364: 1361: 1358: 1357:secret police 1354: 1351: 1345: 1342: 1338: 1335: 1331: 1325: 1322: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1282: 1280: 1275: 1272: 1268: 1267: 1262: 1258: 1257:Syrmia County 1254: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1195: 1190: 1186: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1141: 1138: 1133: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1102: 1097: 1096:József Teleki 1091: 1086: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1048: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1012: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 988: 984: 970: 966: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 930: 928: 922: 917: 916:Károly Pálffy 914: 908: 903: 900: 896: 890: 885: 881: 877: 873: 867: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 829: 825: 820: 816: 812: 807: 803: 802: 797: 793: 789: 785: 775: 773: 768: 767:Enlightenment 764: 760: 751: 747: 742: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 723:manual labour 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 680: 675: 671: 669: 664: 660: 656: 652: 647: 640: 635: 630: 620: 616: 614: 610: 606: 602: 597: 593: 589: 585: 579: 577: 573: 569: 565: 564:Palazzo Pitti 561: 557: 553: 552:Queen Regnant 549: 545: 544:Maria Theresa 541: 537: 534: 530: 526: 522: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 489:Maria Theresa 486: 485:Johan Zoffany 481: 467: 466: 464: 463:Feldmarschall 459: 458:Austrian Army 455: 454:Imperial Army 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 422: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 316: 307: 303: 299: 296: 293: 289: 286: 283: 279: 276: 273: 269: 266: 263: 261: 257: 248: 243: 239: 232: 230: 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 214: 211: 209: 206: 204: 201: 198: 197: 195: 193: 189: 169: 162: 161: 144: 137: 136: 119: 112: 111: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 90: 86: 77: 73: 70: 66: 54: 50: 45: 39: 34: 31: 27: 22: 19: 7445: 7265:Prince Louis 7240: 7159: 6950: 6944: 6938: 6932: 6926: 6872:Karl Philipp 6744:Joseph Árpád 6711:Franz Joseph 6416:Joseph Franz 6355:Anton Victor 6349: 6196:Ferdinand IV 6074:Ferdinand II 6011:Maximilian I 5868:– via 5862:. Retrieved 5843: 5826:. Retrieved 5817: 5812: 5799:. Retrieved 5794: 5789: 5776:. Retrieved 5771: 5766: 5758:Bibliography 5746: 5741: 5735: 5724: 5720: 5702: 5691:, retrieved 5686: 5677: 5666:, retrieved 5658: 5632:. Retrieved 5628:the original 5623: 5613: 5601:. Retrieved 5596: 5587: 5575:. Retrieved 5566: 5561: 5554: 5542: 5530: 5518: 5506:. Retrieved 5502: 5492: 5485:Lestyán 1943 5480: 5454:Lestyán 1943 5449: 5442:Lestyán 1943 5437: 5425: 5398: 5386: 5379:Lestyán 1943 5338: 5326: 5314: 5287: 5275: 5263: 5251: 5239: 5227: 5215:. Retrieved 5206: 5201: 5128: 5116: 5104: 5092: 5080: 5053: 5007: 4976: 4964: 4952: 4940: 4928: 4916: 4904: 4892: 4880: 4868: 4856: 4829: 4802: 4790: 4778: 4766: 4754: 4742: 4730: 4703: 4691: 4679: 4633: 4621: 4594: 4582: 4570: 4558: 4516: 4504: 4492: 4480:. Retrieved 4475: 4470: 4371: 4365: 4337:. Berkeley: 4333: 4322: 4291: 4285: 4258: 4252: 4240:. Retrieved 4225: 4214: 4202: 4160: 4133: 4121: 4109: 4097: 4085: 4073: 4066:Lestyán 1943 4053:, p. 9. 4046: 4034: 4022: 4010: 3981: 3954: 3942: 3913: 3882: 3870: 3858: 3846: 3834: 3822: 3810: 3803:Lestyán 1943 3798: 3793:, p. 8. 3767: 3740:. Retrieved 3736: 3707: 3665: 3653: 3641:. Retrieved 3632: 3627: 3588:, p. 7. 3562: 3550: 3523: 3494: 3482: 3470:. Retrieved 3465: 3152: 2781:Archduchess 2735:Archduchess 2682:Archduchess 2650: 2622: 2588: 2586: 2566: 2562: 2559:lay in state 2552: 2544: 2535: 2517: 2501: 2472: 2463: 2427: 2425: 2398: 2371: 2354: 2346: 2324: 2296: 2280: 2261: 2246: 2229:tuberculosis 2211: 2202:lay in state 2191: 2168: 2148: 2134: 2132: 2123:The Creation 2121: 2096: 2085: 2062: 2050: 2042: 2023: 2004: 1950: 1930: 1886:. He bought 1884:Gellért Hill 1847: 1832:, and ran a 1805: 1785: 1751: 1731: 1704: 1687: 1674: 1651: 1635: 1625: 1621: 1613: 1600: 1586: 1584: 1564: 1549: 1540: 1499:agricultural 1496: 1486: 1481: 1472: 1448: 1409:freethinking 1402: 1386: 1371: 1363: 1360: 1353: 1346: 1336: 1326: 1318: 1293: 1276: 1264: 1250: 1246:conservative 1223: 1208: 1192: 1167: 1153: 1148:canon lawyer 1142: 1134: 1121:Moson County 1106: 1059: 1041: 989: 985:(Hungarian: 980: 941:, which the 936: 902:Károly Zichy 845:emperor-king 838: 799: 781: 743: 731:horticulture 695:high society 690: 684: 681:'s portrait. 667: 662: 625: 580: 518: 504: 461: 423: 371:neoclassical 348: 314: 313: 233:Gavio Clùtos 80:(1847-01-13) 62:9 March 1776 42:Portrait by 29: 18: 7470:1847 deaths 7465:1776 births 7253:Prince John 6793:Carl Ludwig 6517:Karl Ludwig 6456:Joseph Karl 6304:Leopold VII 6278:Charles III 6048:Ferdinand I 5985:Frederick V 5244:Massie 1990 2891:, 1st Class 2722:by Duchess 2563:díszmagyar, 2508:Joseph Karl 2452:Family life 2381: [ 2351:Protestants 2257:Alexander I 2217: [ 2171:breast milk 2106:South Slavs 2045:Buda Castle 2029: [ 1927:'s portrait 1895: [ 1876: [ 1851:József Hild 1826: [ 1773: [ 1736: [ 1666:Alexander I 1576:reactionary 1533: [ 1522: [ 1506: [ 1430:bureaucracy 1418:chamberlain 1271:quarantined 1226:Nagyszombat 1211:freemasonry 1183: [ 1164:inaugurated 1145:Josephinist 1137:reactionary 1099: [ 1088: [ 1085:crown guard 1077: [ 1009: [ 963:caricatures 961:, and drew 951:swearing-in 919: [ 905: [ 899:Judge Royal 887: [ 864: [ 830:'s painting 809: [ 772:legislation 715:archaeology 707:natural law 637: [ 407:progressive 375:landscaping 7459:Categories 6769:Descent of 6737:of Hungary 6673:Maximilian 6421:Franz Karl 6390:Maximilian 6247:Leopold VI 6140:Wenceslaus 6135:Albert VII 6079:Charles II 5503:Orthodoxia 4348:0520084659 3418:References 2795:Leopold II 2774:, married 2446:Széchenyis 2198:catafalque 2026:díszmagyar 1975:Konstantin 1915:Background 1892:1838 flood 1861:Lipótváros 1688:Hofmeister 1580:absolutist 1445:Background 1341:ammunition 1156:procession 1056:Background 1037:explosives 1002:conspiracy 913:Chancellor 679:Josef Abel 588:John Locke 501:Maria Anna 424:He was an 417:, and the 58:1776-03-09 7188:Leopold I 6823:Palatines 6771:Charles I 6735:Palatines 6716:Karl Pius 6691:Gottfried 6547:Friedrich 6471:Sigismund 6309:Ferdinand 6294:Joseph II 6186:Ferdinand 6155:Leopold V 6043:Charles I 5995:Sigismund 5990:Albert VI 2750:Archduke 2705:Archduke 2609:Elisabeth 2574:paralysis 2504:Elisabeth 2489:Hepatitis 2466:embalming 2389:Széna tér 2343:Calvinism 2179:delirious 2128:Beethoven 1983:Catherine 1971:Alexander 1941:pseudonym 1865:City Park 1733:Védegylet 1571:inflation 1567:banknotes 1552:factories 1405:atheistic 1315:1796–1802 1234:Esztergom 1219:pantheism 1123:proposed 1039:himself. 929:to Buda. 849:Frankfurt 843:, became 699:genealogy 653:Marquess 609:catechism 584:etiquette 513:Ferdinand 403:railroads 379:City Park 346:in 1795. 332:Hungarian 320:‹See 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