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penetration as the crossbow, but a much higher rate of fire. It also required more skill and strength to use effectively than a crossbow. Its lack of accuracy at long ranges made it a mass weapon rather than an individual one. During the late medieval period the
English army famously relied on massed archers armed with the longbow. In the Scottish Highlands, archers were used in battle until 1689 at Killiekrankie, with a documented fatal shot from the Hanoverian Government army. They were last used in large numbers during the final clan battle between the MacDonalds and the Mackintoshes in 1688. Highlanders are most regularly recorded or depicted using the short recurve or "McNaughton Bow" in this period. Significant victories attributable to the longbow, such as the
1173:
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1046:(a form of recurve composite bow) as their principal weapon. Mongol bows of that period were constructed from leather, horn, and wood with animal sinew outside, held together with fish glue and covered with tree bark to protect against water. 13th century bows were said to be able to shoot 700–800 meters accurately. Warriors would carry two bows, a long one for shooting at range and a short one for close fighting. They also carried different types of arrows for different uses, some of which could pierce thick armour. The bow was also used for hunting, and warriors were trained from an early age, and competed in tournaments.
869:
430:
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311:
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1301:; however mounted archers remained in the Ottoman order of battle until the post-1826 reforms to the Ottoman Army. The art of traditional archery remained in minority use for sport and for hunting in Turkey up until the 1920s, but the knowledge of constructing composite bows fell out of use with the death of the last bowyer in the 1930s. The rest of the Middle East also lost the continuity of its archery tradition at this time.
1231:
man-portable missile weapon (16th century arquebuses and muskets had 1,300 to 3,000 joules per shot depending on size and powder load, as compared to 80-100 joules for a typical longbow arrow or 150-200 joules for a crossbow bolt), and were tactically superior in the common situation of soldiers shooting at each other from behind obstructions. They also penetrated steel armour without any need to develop special
739:(dhanus "bow" and veda "knowledge"), which was an ancient treatise on the science of archery and its use in warfare. The existence of Dhanurveda or "Science of Archery" in antiquity is evident from references made in several works of ancient literature. The Viṣṇu Purāṇa refers it as one of the eighteen branches of knowledge taught, while the Mahābhārata mentions it as having sutras like other vedas.
30:
405:-borne archers became a defining feature of Middle Bronze Age warfare, from Europe to Eastern Asia and India. However, in the Middle Bronze Age, with the development of massed infantry tactics, and with the use of chariots for shock tactics or as prestigious command vehicles, archery seems to have lessened in importance in European warfare. In approximately the same period, with the
1350:, established in 1688. The latter held competitions in which the archers had to dislodge a wooden parrot from the top of an abbey tower. The Company of Scottish Archers was formed in 1676 and is one of the oldest sporting bodies in the world. It remained a small and scattered pastime, however, until the late 18th century when it experienced a fashionable revival among the
689:
1448:
1312:
remained competitive with muzzle-loading guns. "After... about 1800, most
Comanches began to discard muskets and pistols and to rely on their older weapons." Repeating firearms, however, were superior in turn, and the Comanches adopted them when they could. Bows remained effective hunting weapons for
393:
was occupied between around 3700 and 3400 BC; excavations found that every timber structure on the site had been burnt, and there was a concentration of arrow heads around a probable entrance to the enclosure, suggesting that these arrows may have been used by a large group of archers in an organized
1230:
in 1658 were "shooting six times before a musketeer can fire twice". Firearms were also very susceptible to wet weather. However, they had a longer effective range (up to 200 yards for the longbow, up to 600 yards for the musket), greater penetration, were extremely powerful compared to any previous
2317:
Rosendahl, Gaëlle; Beinhauer, Karl-Wilhelm; Löscher, Manfred; Kreipl, Kurt; Walter, Rudolf & Rosendahl, Wilfried (2006). "Le plus vieil arc du monde? Une pièce intéressante en provenance de
Mannheim, Allemagne" [The oldest bow in the world? An interesting piece from Mannheim, Germany].
1378:
for the competitors. The clubs were "the drawing rooms of the great country houses placed outside" and thus came to play an important role in the social networks of local elites. As well as its emphasis on display and status, the sport was notable for its popularity with females. Young women could
934:
At the start of the medieval period, shortbows were used for both hunting and warfare. Medieval shortbows were structurally similar to ancient bows, but new construction materials significantly increased their usefulness. With a range of about 100yds a shortbow had the ability to kill or injure an
851:
his enemy ordered "all the archers, of whom there was a very great number in Gaul, to be collected". By the 4th century, archers with powerful composite bows were a regular part of Roman armies throughout the empire. During the fall of the western empire, the Romans came under severe pressure from
778:
mounted archery was largely supplanted by foot archers. This was in contrast to the nomadic armies on horseback from
Central Asia such as the Iranian, Scythians, Parthians, Kushans, and Hunas. Later Indian kingdoms entities would maintain and field large numbers of mounted archers. The use of bows
969:
first appeared in Europe in the 13th century, although similar weapons were described in antiquity. It did not appear with any frequency until the 14th. Like their shortbow predecessors longbow archers were more likely to be peasants or yeomen than men-at-arms. The longbow had a similar range and
2907:
A trilobate arrowhead can be defined as an arrowhead that has three wings or blades that are usually placed at equal angles (i.e. c. 120°) around the imaginary longitudinal axis extending from the centre of the socket or tang. Since this type of arrowhead is rare in southeastern Arabia, we must
957:
was introduced in Europe. Crossbows generally had a longer range, greater accuracy and more penetration than the shortbow, but suffered from a much slower rate of fire. Unlike the longbow they did not require special skill or strength to use effectively. They were also controversial, attracting
998:
was the preferred bow in the later
Medieval period. More powerful than the shortbow, they had the advantage over the longer longbow that they could be fired from horseback. However they also required skilled craftsmen to manufacture, and, like the longbow, extensive training to use well. The
743:
describes it as that 'upaveda of yajurveda' which has five arts or practical aspects. The
Dhanurveda enumerates the rules of archery, and describes the uses of weapons and the training the army. Besides providing the account of the training of the archers, Vasiṣṭha's Dhanurveda describes the
1532:. These modern forms are now dominant in modern Western archery; traditional bows are in a minority. In the 1980s, the skills of traditional archery were revived by American enthusiasts, and combined with the new scientific understanding. Much of this expertise is available in the
141:
in
Southern France, used some 54,000 years ago, have damage from use that indicates their use as projectile weapons, and some are too small (less than 10mm across as the base) for any practical use other than as arrowheads. They are associated with possibly the first groups of
3702:
Boudot-Lamotte, A. (1972). "J. D. Latham et Lt. Cdr. W. F. Paterson, Saracen
Archery, An English version and exposition of a Mameluke work on Archery (ca. A.D. 1368), with Introduction, Glossary, and Illustrations, London (The Holland Press) 1970, XL + 219 pp".
3734:'Kitāb f maʿrifat ʿilm ramy al-sihām', a treatise on archery by Husayn b. ʿAbd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. Muhammad b. ʿAbdallah al-Yunini AH 647(?)–724, AH 1249-50(?)–1324 : A critical edition of the Arabic text together with a study of the work in English
1390:
being presented as a reward to the victor. General meetings were held from 1789, in which local lodges convened together to standardise the rules and ceremonies. Archery was also co-opted as a distinctively
British tradition, dating back to the lore of
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Junkmanns, Jürgen; Klügl, Johanna; Schoch, Werner H.; Di Pietro, Giovanna & Hafner, Albert (December 2019). "Neolithic and Bronze Age archery equipment from alpine ice-patches: A review on components, construction techniques and functionality".
1486:, founded in 1961 and named in honor of Pope and his friend, Arthur Young, became one of North America's leading bowhunting and conservation organizations. Founded as a nonprofit scientific organization, the club was patterned after the prestigious
1188:
eventually rendered bows obsolete in warfare. Despite the high social status, ongoing utility, and widespread pleasure of archery, almost every culture that gained access to even early firearms used them widely, to the relative neglect of archery.
1133:. It describes the means of how a yew bow could be made, the kinds of wood that could be used, how to shoot it, string it and different kind of arrows. According to the writer, its purpose is for posterity, possibly due to the rise of the gun.
1292:
still fielded auxiliary cavalry which was noted for its use of bows from horseback. This practice was continued by the
Ottoman subject nations, despite the Empire itself being a proponent of early firearms. The practice declined after the
1373:
Archery societies were set up across the country, each with its own strict entry criteria and outlandish costumes. Recreational archery soon became extravagant social and ceremonial events for the nobility, complete with flags, music and
962:, with models having a range of 300 yd (274 m) and being able to penetrate armour or kill a horse. They fired short metal bolts rather than arrows. The French army relied substantially on the crossbow in late medieval times.
666:. The nomads from the Eurasian steppes are believed to play an integral part in introducing the composite bow to other civilizations, including Mesopotamia, Iran, India, East Asia, and Europe. There are arrowheads from the earliest
157:, dated to 48,000 years ago. "Bow-and-arrow hunting at the Sri Lankan site likely focused on monkeys and smaller animals, such as squirrels... Remains of these creatures were found in the same sediment as the bone points."
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During the Choson period (1392–1910), Korea adopted a military-service examination system from China that included a focus on archery skills and that contributed to the development of Korean archery as a practical martial
1320:
Ongoing use of bows and arrows was maintained in isolated cultures with little or no contact with the outside world. The use of traditional archery in some African conflicts has been reported in the 21st century, and the
1379:
not only compete in the contests but retain and show off their sexuality while doing so. Thus, archery came to act as a forum for introductions, flirtation and romance. It was often consciously styled in the manner of a
1026:. Their archers were more lightly armoured than the Cataphracts, and consequently more mobile. Their tactic was to fire at the enemy infantry, and use their superior mobility to prevent the enemy from closing with them.
579:
formed the first standing armies used exclusively for warfare. This included soldiers trained and employed as archers. The archers served as an integral division of the military that was used on foot and on chariots.
2631:
1439:
in 1844 and over the next decade the extravagant and festive practices of the past were gradually whittled away and the rules were standardised as the 'York Round' – a series of shoots at 60, 80, and 100 yards.
1325:
still use bows as part of a lifestyle scarcely touched by outside contact. A remote group in Brazil, recently photographed from the air, aimed bows at the aeroplane. Bows and arrows saw considerable use in the
1523:
From the 1920s, professional engineers took an interest in archery, previously the exclusive field of traditional craft experts. They led the commercial development of new forms of bow including the modern
1508:
In China, at the beginning of the 21st century, there has been revival in interest among craftsmen looking to construct bows and arrows, as well as in practicing technique in the traditional Chinese style.
3919:
A right exelent and pleasaunt dialogue, betwene Mercury and an English souldier contayning his supplication to Mars: bevvtified with sundry worthy histories, rare inuentions, and politike deuises
330:, Castellón, Valencia. A depiction of a larger battle (which may, however, date to the early Neolithic), in which eleven archers are attacked by seventeen running archers, is found in Les Dogue,
4458:
Archery: The Technical Side. A compilation of scientific and technical articles on theory, construction, use and performance of bows and arrows, reprinted from journals of science and of archery
744:
different types of bows and arrows, as well as the process of making them. Detailed accounts of training methodologies in early India considered to be an essential martial skill in early India.
950:. The shortbow remained the primary ranged weapon throughout early medieval Europe. Archers were usually unarmoured, and were typically peasants or townsmen rather than nobles or men-at-arms.
1713:
The Handbook Of The SAS And Elite Forces. How The Professionals Fight And Win. Edited by Jon E. Lewis. p.488-Tactics And Techniques, Survival. Robinson Publishing Ltd 1997. ISBN 1-85487-675-9
559:
2968:
With the bow let us win cows, with the bow let us win the contest and violent battles with the bow. The bow ruins the enemy's pleasure; with the bow let us conquer all corners of the world.
2641:
1053:
adopted a military-service examination system from China that included a focus on archery skills and that contributed to the development of Korean archery as a practical martial art.
357:
The oldest Neolithic bow known from Europe was found in anaerobic layers dating between 7,400 and 7,200 BP, the earliest layer of settlement at the lake settlement at La Draga,
1444:
helped to improve archery standards and pioneered new archery techniques. He won the Grand National 11 times in a row and published a highly influential guide to the sport in 1856.
2178:
Langley, Michelle C.; Amano, Noel; Wedage, Oshan; Deraniyagala, Siran; Pathmala, M. M.; Perera, Nimal; Boivin, Nicole; Petraglia, Michael D. & Roberts, Patrick (12 June 2020).
685:
Domestication of horses and mounted horseback archery are also believed to have originated in the Eurasian steppes. This revolutionized warfare as well as the practice of archery.
921:
in 341 BC. Because the cultures associated with Chinese society spanned a wide geography and time range, the techniques and equipment associated with Chinese archery are diverse.
1246:, ironically a part of the oldest regular unit in England to be armed with gunpowder weapons. The last recorded use of bows in battle in England seems to have been a skirmish at
483:
fielded large numbers of archers in their armies. Arrows were destructive against massed formations, and the use of archers often proved decisive. The Sanskrit term for archery,
1265:
Archery continued in some areas that were subject to limitations on the ownership of arms, such as the Scottish Highlands during the repression that followed the decline of the
1148:
was the general ratio of Malian formations in the 16th century. The archers generally opened battle, softening up the enemy for cavalry charges or the advance of the spearmen.
747:
The composite bow in India was being used by 2nd millennium BCE. The bow was used extensively on foot as well on chariots. It was incorporated into the standing armies of the
212:
Possible fragments of a bow found at Mannheim-Vogelstang have been dated to the Early Magdelenian age (c. 17,500 to 18,000 years ago) and at Stellmoor dated 11,000 years ago.
172:
bladelets found embedded in a human skull and within the thoracic cavity of another human skeleton, suggest the use of stone-tipped arrows as weapons about 10,000 years ago.
1413:, the sport became increasingly popular among all classes, and it was framed as a nostalgic reimagining of the preindustrial rural Britain. Particularly influential was Sir
381:
and arrowheads are also commonly found in Beaker graves. European Neolithic fortifications, arrow-heads, injuries, and representations indicate that, in Neolithic and Early
1346:
The British initiated a major revival of archery as an upper-class pursuit from about 1780–1840. Early recreational archery societies included the Finsbury Archers and the
220:, Switzerland, alongside the remains of both a bear and a hunter, with flint fragments found in the bear's third vertebra, suggest the use of arrows at 13,500 years ago.
1092:
A complete arrow of 75 cm (along with other fragments and arrow heads) dated back to 1283 AD, was discovered inside a cave situated in the Qadisha Valley, Lebanon.
3483:
678:
about 2100–1700 BC. These people are also believed to have invented spoke-wheeled chariots, and chariot archery became an integral component of the militaries of early
299:) and other small woody shoots. Some still have flint arrow-heads preserved; others have blunt wooden ends for hunting birds and small game. The ends show traces of
4036:
The mean depth of arrow wounds, for example, was an inch and a half, that of gunshot wounds six inches, not counting balls that went right through the body or head.
1254:, an impromptu militia, armed with bows, was effective against un-armoured musketmen. The last use of the bow in battle in Britain is said to have occurred at the
612:
detail the bows and the number of arrows assigned to the chariot crew. Archery was essential to the role of the light horse-drawn chariot as a vehicle of warfare.
4538:
Alofs, Eduard (2014). "Studies on Mounted Warfare in Asia I: Continuity and Change in Middle Eastern Warfare, c. ce 550–1350–What Happened to the Horse Archer?".
4201:
1795:
Backwell, Lucinda; d'Errico, Francesco & Wadley, Lyn (June 2008). "Middle Stone Age bone tools from the Howiesons Poort layers, Sibudu Cave, South Africa".
1003:
was already using mounted archers extensively by the 5th Century, and the Emperor Mavrikios laid down principles for their use in his seminal military work the
939:
made extensive use of shortbows both on land and at sea, but other early medieval armies less so, with some notable exceptions. Both sides used archers at the
943:, and the Norman archers struck a decisive blow by firing their arrows into the air (avoiding shields and armour which they could not penetrate) and wounding
6339:
527:" were a conventional representation of Egypt's external enemies. One of the oldest representations of the Nine bows is on the seated statue of Pharaoh
3533:
3428:
1239:
in 1503 was won by Spain mainly by the use of matchlock firearms, marking the first time a major battle in Europe was won through the use of firearms.
1111:
4978:
4569:
Alofs, Eduard (2015). "Studies on Mounted Warfare in Asia II: The Iranian Tradition–The Armoured Horse Archer in the Middle East, c. ce 550–1350".
1865:
Lombard, Marlize & Phillipson, Laurel (2010). "Indications of bow and stone-tipped arrow use 64,000 years ago in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa".
3382:
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people of Punjab and it is stated that the Punjab Kamboj Gaure/Gore came from the Kunar valley to Punjab at some point in time in the past. (See:
6736:
6477:
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2237:
Lahr, M. Mirazón; Rivera, F.; Power, R.K.; Mounier, A.; Copsey, B.; Crivellaro, F.; Edung, J.E.; Fernandez, J.M. Maillo & Kiarie, C. (2016).
3688:
1902:
Lombard, Marlize (August 2011). "Quartz-tipped arrows older than 60 ka: further use-trace evidence from Sibudu, Kwa-Zulu-Natal, South Africa".
1317:
as long as there were buffalo to hunt. The last Comanche hunt was in 1878, and it failed for lack of buffalo, not lack of appropriate weapons.
1106:
A treatise on Saracen archery was written in 1368. This was a didactic poem on archery dedicated to a Mameluke sultan by Ṭaibughā al-Ashrafī.
1463:
became more popular among the middle class. By 1889, just 50 archery clubs were left in Britain, but it was still included as a sport at the
1281:
in 1877, some rebels fell back on the use of bows and arrows. Archery remained an important part of the military examinations until 1894 in
1193:"Have them bring as many guns as possible, for no other equipment is needed. Give strict orders that all men, even the samurai, carry guns."
6692:
6201:
563:
Archer wearing feather headdress. Alabaster. From Nineveh, Iraq. Reign of Ashurbanipal II, 668–627 BC. The Burrell Collection, Glasgow, UK.
134:, where likely arrowheads have been found, dating from approximately 72,000–60,000 years ago, on some of which poisons may have been used.
982:
becoming part of military lore. In both England and Scotland legislation was passed to ensure a supply of trained longbowmen, such as the
1637:
1277:
severely limited the import and manufacture of guns, and encouraged traditional martial skills among the samurai; towards the end of the
323:
3363:
6524:
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68:
of many cultures) until the end of the 19th century, when bow and arrows was made functionally obsolete by the invention and spread of
4793:
Gwang Ok; Seokgyu Choi & Hee Surk Jeong (2010). "'The Disturbance of War': The Ancient Origin and Development of Korean Archery".
1288:
Within the steppe of Eurasia, archery continued to play an important part in warfare, although now restricted to mounted archery. The
1235:. Armies equipped with guns could thus provide superior firepower, and highly trained archers became obsolete on the battlefield. The
326:
of the Mesolithic, show battles between archers. A group of three archers encircled by a group of four is found in Cueva del Roure,
3758:
Arab archery. An Arabic manuscript of about A.D. 1500, "A book on the excellence of the bow & arrow" and the description thereof
3756:
2160:
1937:
Backwell, Lucinda; Bradfield, Justin; Carlson, Kristian J.; Jashashvili, Tea; Wadley, Lyn & d'Errico, Francesco (April 2018).
1338:
4506:
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stigma to those who used them, and were outlawed by the Lateran Council of 1139. Despite this, crossbows were used in the early
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2700:
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2514:
2419:
2362:
1618:
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practiced archery and Cretan mercenary archers were in great demand. Crete was known for its unbroken tradition of archery.
767:
during the Maurya Era, goes in depth on the importance and implementation of archery. It also mentions an archery school at
369:. The intact specimen is short at 1.08 m (3 ft 7 in), has a D-shaped cross-section, and is made of yew wood.
4971:
1843:
1516:
and in some Asian countries but it is not recognized as an international competition. Archery is the national sport of the
4478:
Traditional Bowyers Encyclopedia: The Bowhunting and Bowmaking World of the Nation's Top Crafters of Longbows and Recurves
2636:
843:
The early Romans had very few archers, if any. As their empire grew, they recruited auxiliary archers from other nations.
7236:
2611:
346:
2531:
345:, about 2500 BC, spreading south into the temperate zones as early as 2000 BC, and was widely known among the
7249:
7197:
4461:
2800:. Translated from the French by David Lorton (1st English ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 29.
1168:. The date of the top image is unknown; the middle image is from 1496 and the bottom panel is circa fourteenth century.
4050:
The Knight and the Blast Furnace: A History of the Metallurgy of Armour in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period
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5008:
4913:
4895:
4877:
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3295:
3271:
3133:
2449:
6309:
6196:
1752:
Lombard, Marlize (October 2020). "The tip cross-sectional areas of poisoned bone arrowheads from southern Africa".
6721:
6112:
5150:
4964:
1490:
and advocated responsible bowhunting by promoting quality, fair chase hunting, and sound conservation practices.
1455:
Towards the end of the 19th century, the sport experienced declining participation as alternative sports such as
17:
7259:
7192:
4298:
1432:
1207:(c. 1569 – c. 1644) mentions archery as having been practiced "down to a recent period within our own memory."
3773:
A translation of "Kitāb fī bayān fadl al-qaws w-al-sahm wa-awsāfihima," no. 793 in descriptive catalog of the
2825:
7244:
6334:
5864:
5124:
3465:
3053:
2765:
1129:, France, in the late 15th century details how archery in medieval Europe was practiced. The book was titled
5192:
3541:
1011:, an armoured horse archer. The Byzantines also recruited mercenary light mounted archers from the Steppes.
338:, Aragon, seven archers with plumes on their heads are fleeing a group of eight archers running in pursuit.
283:
pointed shafts have been found in England, Germany, Denmark, and Sweden. They were often rather long, up to
6329:
5869:
5342:
4399:
1243:
143:
5018:
186:
Based on indirect evidence, the bow seems also to have appeared or reappeared later in Eurasia around the
75:
Archers were a widespread if supplemental part of the military in the classical period, and bowmen fought
7315:
7254:
7204:
5295:
4725:
4631:
3997:
1494:
1327:
342:
3597:
Mummies from Lebanon: Preliminary Report on the Archaeological Discovery of 'Asi-al-Hadat (13th Century)
1358:, an antiquarian and collector, formed the Toxophilite Society in London in 1781, with the patronage of
6892:
6597:
6398:
3953:
3896:
3392:
2617:
1023:
438:
4673:
Johnes, Martin (April 2004). "Archery, romance and elite culture in England and Wales, c. 1780–1840".
4091:
3593:
Momies du Liban: Rapport préliminaire sur la découverte archaéologique de 'Asi-al-Hadat (XIIIe siècle)
7294:
6403:
6218:
3982:
1262:'s Royalist highlanders defeated an army of Scottish Covenanters. Among Montrose's army were bowmen.
712:
The use of bow and arrow was recorded extensively throughout the history of the Indian subcontinent.
3325:
2104:"Bow-and-arrow, technology of the first modern humans in Europe 54,000 years ago at Mandrin, France"
1990:"Bow-and-arrow, technology of the first modern humans in Europe 54,000 years ago at Mandrin, France"
1512:
In modern times, mounted archery continues to be practiced as a popular competitive sport in modern
523:
are depicted giving "lessons in archery". Some Egyptian deities are also connected to archery. The "
6897:
6592:
5684:
5229:
4650:"A Rural Community and a Train Stop: Archery, Georgia, and the Jimmy Carter National Historic Site"
3210:
2292:
406:
5756:
5751:
4714:
Kaegi, Walter Emil Jr. (1964). "The contribution of archery to the Turkish conquest of Anatolia".
1172:
515:
people took to archery as early as 5,000 years ago. It was widespread by the time of the earliest
269:
and have flat arms and a D-shaped midsection. The center section is biconvex. The complete bow is
6709:
6619:
5791:
5558:
5377:
5310:
5042:
4767:
3950:
Naukar, Rajput, and Sepoy: The Ethnohistory of the Military Labour Market of Hindustan, 1450–1850
1939:"The antiquity of bow-and-arrow technology: evidence from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu Cave"
1497:, and is the basis of a popular modern sport. The Japanese continue to make and use their unique
1487:
1063:
983:
716:
540:
250:
and consisted of a mainshaft and a 15–20 centimetre (6–8 inches) long foreshaft with a
206:
87:. Archery rose to prominence in Europe in the later medieval period, where victories such as the
7125:
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6902:
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5593:
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4987:
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3888:
3658:
1470:
In the United States, primitive archery was revived in the early 20th century. The last of the
1313:
skilled horse archers, used to some extent by all Native Americans on the Great Plains to hunt
1100:
1004:
2889:
Delrue, Parsival (2007). "Trilobate Arrowheads at Ed-Dur (U.A.E, Emirate of Umm Al-Qaiwain)".
2498:
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3568:
3292:
Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Military Technology, Missiles and Sieges, Volume 5, Part 6
3184:
2827:
Enemies of Civilization: Attitudes toward Foreigners in Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China
2439:
873:
868:
819:
429:
341:
Archery seems to have arrived in the Americas via Alaska, as early as 6000 BC, with the
261:
swamp in Denmark. In the 1940s, two bows were found there, dated to about 8,000 BP. The
5921:
327:
6887:
6802:
6753:
6748:
6731:
6726:
6704:
6494:
6208:
6061:
5953:
5857:
5650:
5335:
5134:
5077:
3620:
2607:
2250:
2193:
2180:"Bows and arrows and complex symbolic displays 48,000 years ago in the South Asian tropics"
2115:
2058:
2001:
1911:
1804:
1761:
1255:
639:
544:
519:
and was practiced both for hunting and use in warfare. Legendary figures from the tombs of
5305:
3514:
1431:
The 1840s saw the first attempts at turning the recreation into a modern sport. The first
779:
and arrows continued to be used as the mainstay of most Indian armies until the advent of
8:
6918:
6792:
6457:
6262:
6095:
5628:
5501:
5382:
5357:
4600:
4482:
4436:
3892:
3170:
2494:
2384:
2047:"Modern human incursion into Neanderthal territories 54,000 years ago at Mandrin, France"
1867:
1638:"Archery history: Tribal use of the bow and arrow through the modern day | World Archery"
1483:
1464:
1236:
1122:
of c. 1500 details the practices and techniques of archery among the Arabs of that time.
975:
914:
837:
445:
319:
103:
88:
61:
4761:
4171:
3639:"Ouadi Qadisha (the Holy Valley) and the Forest of the Cedars of God (Horsh Arz el-Rab)"
2254:
2197:
2119:
2062:
2005:
1915:
1808:
1765:
1219:
254:
point. They had shallow grooves on the base, indicating that they were shot from a bow.
6743:
6646:
6548:
6361:
5543:
5239:
4848:
4810:
4745:
4737:
4716:
4661:
4617:
4586:
4557:
4027:
3923:
3878:
3765:
3682:
3125:
3056:. Vol. 11 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 174.
2554:
2467:
2435:
2407:
2389:
2274:
2214:
2179:
2136:
2103:
2079:
2046:
2022:
1989:
1970:
1884:
1847:
1777:
1689:
1322:
1274:
1227:
986:
which prohibited "Several new devised Games" that might detract from archery training.
940:
816:
390:
370:
224:
180:
4514:
4015:
2238:
1663:
735:
lay emphasis on the use of the bow and arrow. The second Veda, the Yajurveda contains
547:. So effective were the Nubians as archers that Nubia as a whole would be referred to
7216:
6928:
6785:
6775:
6765:
6714:
6371:
6289:
5583:
5568:
5553:
5533:
5424:
5403:
5214:
5057:
4927:
4909:
4891:
4873:
4814:
4749:
4688:
4675:
4621:
4590:
4561:
4486:
4361:
4302:
4273:
4217:
4150:
4124:
4053:
4019:
3957:
3850:
3824:
3737:
3705:
3670:
3600:
3440:
3267:
3218:
3188:
3129:
3057:
3017:
2985:
2957:
2932:
2902:
2869:
2831:
2801:
2793:
2773:
2696:
2667:
2663:
2587:
2510:
2502:
2480:
2445:
2415:
2358:
2266:
2219:
2141:
2084:
2027:
1974:
1888:
1781:
1614:
1517:
1395:
and it served as a patriotic form of entertainment at a time of political tension in
1278:
1251:
1185:
784:
675:
588:
452:
410:
331:
280:
187:
111:
69:
4598:
Callanan, Martin (September 2013). "Melting snow patches reveal Neolithic archery".
4076:. Shrewsbury: Leake and Evans. 24 October 1867. p. 32 – via Google Books.
4031:
2743:
2558:
795:
7284:
7171:
6977:
6831:
6780:
6687:
6430:
6213:
6013:
5933:
5889:
5689:
5511:
5362:
5322:
4840:
4802:
4757:
4729:
4702:
4684:
4636:
4609:
4578:
4549:
4213:
4116:
4011:
3945:
3870:
3714:
3432:
3106:, branches of which are still to be found on the Panjkora and on both sides of the
3045:
2898:
2720:
2546:
2476:
2327:
2278:
2258:
2239:"Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya"
2209:
2201:
2184:
2131:
2123:
2074:
2066:
2017:
2009:
1960:
1950:
1919:
1876:
1812:
1769:
1587:
1347:
1204:
1085:
1000:
947:
918:
575:
extensively used the bow and arrow for hunting and warfare. The empires in ancient
480:
476:
472:
468:
421:
cultures and a foundation of their military success, until the massed use of guns.
295:
289:
217:
198:
99:
49:
6272:
6228:
3563:
3178:
2161:"Clues to the earliest known bow-and-arrow hunting outside Africa have been found"
6997:
6923:
6880:
6870:
6661:
6631:
6393:
6321:
6299:
6257:
6152:
6122:
5987:
5982:
5633:
5516:
5087:
4654:
Urban Anthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development
3808:
3559:
3387:
3343:
3214:
3009:
3005:
2331:
1773:
1608:
1582:
1577:
1410:
1309:
1294:
1223:
1215:
1156:
1072:
979:
971:
880:
853:
655:
460:
456:
414:
84:
3788:
2550:
531:(3rd Dynasty, 27th century BC). Many of the archers in service to Egypt were of
114:, gradually reducing the importance of archery in warfare throughout the world.
7176:
7090:
7012:
6770:
6697:
6519:
6484:
6415:
6304:
6176:
5884:
5469:
5459:
5280:
5261:
4540:
4417:
4246:
3790:
The Art of Archery published, with Notes, from a Manuscript of the 15th Century
3774:
3348:
3287:
3202:
3113:
3095:
3037:
2579:
1482:, learned many of Ishi's traditional archery skills, and popularized them. The
1441:
1314:
1289:
1042:
and his successors relied almost exclusively on mounted warriors, who used the
679:
667:
464:
418:
378:
262:
243:
165:
138:
4806:
4613:
2954:
The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe ca. 1200 B.C
2866:
The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe ca. 1200 B.C
1923:
1880:
1816:
490:
310:
7309:
7166:
7161:
7115:
7105:
7017:
6982:
6950:
6656:
6641:
6587:
6565:
6462:
6450:
6366:
6235:
6117:
6078:
6066:
6054:
5766:
5677:
5606:
5347:
5290:
5268:
5177:
5109:
5104:
5082:
4582:
4553:
3741:
3674:
3077:
3041:
2920:
2562:
2378:
McEwen, Edward; Miller, Robert L. & Bergman, Christopher A. (June 1991).
1387:
1375:
1076:
1019:
995:
848:
844:
812:
803:
756:
748:
651:
616:
539:, who go from a mercenary force during their initial service to Egypt in the
532:
520:
512:
448:
385:
Europe, archery was a major form of interpersonal violence. For example, the
45:
5197:
3882:
3718:
1723:
1218:
in the time needed for a "ready shooter" to give five from the musket), and
860:
invaders, and later Eastern Roman armies relied heavily on mounted archery.
314:
Cave painting of a battle between archers, Morella la Vella, Valencia, Spain
7042:
6987:
6575:
6531:
6512:
6467:
6267:
6191:
5948:
5943:
5899:
5526:
5408:
5372:
5352:
5204:
5182:
5094:
4640:
4052:. History of Warfare. Vol. 12. Leiden: Brill. pp. 922 & 945.
4023:
3913:
3572:. Vol. III, Fasc. 5. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. pp. 514–522
3241:
3102:, were also known as Gorys or Guraios, modern Ghori or Gori, a wide spread
2861:
2716:
2270:
2223:
2205:
2145:
2127:
2088:
2070:
2031:
2013:
1529:
1423:
that depicted the heroic character Locksley winning an archery tournament.
1414:
1400:
1355:
1211:
1096:
1080:
1079:
has been credited with writing a manual of archery in the tenth century in
1057:
1039:
1015:
775:
760:
671:
495:
150:
130:
The oldest known evidence of arrows comes from South African sites such as
6624:
4381:
2499:"The Social Life of Spanish Paleolithic Hunters as Shown by Levantine Art"
2412:
Traditional Archery from Six Continents: The Charles E. Grayson Collection
2354:
1447:
935:
unarmoured man at close range, but were often ineffective against armour.
619:
has multiple references to archery as a skill identified with the ancient
7110:
7032:
6940:
6614:
6604:
6560:
6555:
6507:
6445:
6408:
6381:
6282:
6252:
6127:
6049:
5970:
5958:
5719:
5704:
5694:
5665:
5623:
5538:
5506:
5454:
5387:
5224:
5099:
4956:
4706:
4358:
Cherokee Bows and Arrows: How to Make and Shoot Primitive Bows and Arrows
3874:
3174:
3099:
2928:
2821:
2692:
2465:
Christensen, Jonas (December 2004). "Warfare in the European Neolithic".
1955:
1938:
1525:
1479:
1403:
1351:
1232:
1166:
The sports and pastimes of the people of England from the earliest period
1137:
1060:
of China (1146–256 BC); archery skill was a virtue for Chinese emperors.
740:
732:
583:
576:
434:
236:
131:
34:
4852:
4665:
4649:
4295:
Ishi in Two Worlds: a biography of the last wild Indian in North America
3016:(4th ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 140.
2393:
2379:
2262:
1851:
1493:
In Korea, the transformation of archery to a healthy pastime was led by
7266:
7151:
7146:
7130:
7095:
7068:
7027:
6875:
6758:
6651:
6609:
6425:
6388:
6351:
6247:
5834:
5746:
5573:
5474:
5447:
5367:
5165:
5119:
5030:
4998:
4741:
4202:"Archery, Romance and Elite Culture in England and Wales, c. 1780-1840"
4002:
3952:. University of Cambridge Oriental Publications No. 43. Cambridge, UK:
3794:
3436:
2347:
La grotte du Bichon, un site préhistorique des montagnes neuchâteloises
1965:
1831:
1690:"Battle of Agincourt | Facts, Summary, & Significance | Britannica"
1559:
1536:(see Further reading). Modern game archery owes much of its success to
1392:
1383:
1365:
1342:
A print of the 1822 meeting of the "Royal British Bowmen" archery club.
1282:
1266:
1247:
1043:
1008:
897:
Archery featured prominently in ancient Chinese culture and philosophy
888:
808:
659:
609:
484:
382:
274:
258:
228:
176:
2653:
2651:
2444:. College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press. p. 72.
1242:
The last regular unit armed with bows was the Archers' Company of the
913:
were developed, and Han Dynasty writers attributed Chinese success in
840:, archers are listed among the troops Alexander personally commanded.
771:
which enrolled 103 princes from different kingdoms across the empire.
751:, and used in mounted warfare on horses, camels, and elephants with a
335:
197:, artifacts which may be arrow-shaft straighteners are known from the
7100:
7080:
7075:
7047:
6959:
6666:
6435:
6420:
6018:
6003:
5928:
5911:
5829:
5714:
5655:
5645:
5640:
5563:
5442:
5330:
5256:
5023:
5013:
4844:
3638:
2908:
investigate its origin and the reasons behind its presence at ed-Dur.
1537:
1359:
902:
898:
728:
663:
592:
524:
386:
304:
300:
154:
117:
Archery is still practiced today, for hunting and as a target sport.
65:
4733:
7037:
6992:
6967:
6933:
6440:
6376:
6223:
6181:
5916:
5824:
5699:
5521:
5484:
5464:
2648:
1936:
1565:
1502:
1380:
1305:
1270:
1145:
1141:
959:
954:
910:
892:
764:
755:. The importance of archery continued through antiquity during the
692:
632:
628:
624:
605:
596:
units: nine rows of archers protected by one row of shield-bearers.
358:
202:
169:
76:
4792:
2102:
Metz, Laure; Lewis, Jason E.; Slimak, Ludovic (24 February 2023).
7022:
7007:
7002:
6854:
6502:
6294:
6240:
6186:
6008:
5814:
5724:
5578:
5479:
5437:
5300:
5219:
5172:
5160:
4441:
3121:
1549:
1513:
1456:
1419:
1406:
were excluded from the clubs due to their lack of social status.
1126:
966:
917:
to the massed use of crossbows, first definitely attested at the
780:
724:
696:
620:
601:
572:
568:
548:
516:
402:
232:
213:
161:
107:
95:
80:
57:
53:
41:
4948:
4629:
Gunn, Steven (2010). "Archery practice in early Tudor England".
3591:
Groupe d'études et de recherches souterraines du Liban (1994).
1471:
799:
Apollo and Artemis. Tondo of an Attic red-figure cup, ca. 470 BC
273:(5 ft) long. Bows of Holmegaard-type were in use until the
7156:
7120:
7085:
6570:
6107:
6085:
5938:
5874:
5819:
5209:
5187:
5155:
5129:
4402:[2010 Traditional Archery Symposium Held in Hangzhou].
3820:
3643:
3141:
2316:
1664:"Bow and arrow | History, Construction & Uses | Britannica"
1571:
1460:
1396:
1298:
1050:
1035:
936:
906:
884:
768:
752:
700:
536:
528:
499:
374:
362:
194:
94:
Archery in both hunting and warfare was eventually replaced by
4786:
With a Bended Bow: Archery in Mediaeval and Renaissance Europe
3298:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 124–128.
2351:
The Bichon cave, a prehistoric site in the Neuchâtel mountains
2177:
1176:
Archery game outside the town. Jan Lamsvelt in Van Heemskerk:
1067:
Sasanian king is shooting an arrow on a horse to hunt two lion
1018:
are representative, used mounted archers against the European
7063:
6636:
6356:
6090:
6044:
5906:
5761:
5709:
5285:
5251:
4831:
Sutherland, Caroline (2001). "Archery in the Homeric epics".
4695:
4511:
The Office of the State Archaeologist, The University of Iowa
4074:"The Garrisons of Shropshire During the Civil War, 1642–1648"
3998:"For whom the bell tolls: accidental deaths in Tudor England"
3140:) The clan name Gore or Gaure is also found among the modern
3107:
3103:
2044:
1554:
944:
830:
720:
366:
251:
29:
2353:]. Archéologie neuchâteloise (in French). Vol. 42.
1505:, popular use of their traditional longbows never died out.
6954:
6582:
6543:
6023:
5879:
5809:
5729:
5601:
5114:
4456:
Hickman, C. N.; Nagler, Forrest; Klopsteg, Paul E. (1947).
3764:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Archived from
3755:
Faris, Nabih Amin & Elmer, Robert Potter, eds. (1945).
2721:"The Neolithic Settlement on Carn Brea: Preliminary Report"
1498:
1475:
1436:
638:
Three-bladed (trilobate) arrowheads have been found in the
277:; the convexity of the midsection has decreased with time.
247:
235:, Germany. They were associated with artifacts of the late
6823:
4862:
Archery in Medieval England: Who Were the Bowmen of Crecy?
3777:
of Arabic manuscripts in the Princeton University library.
2956:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 125.
2868:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 119.
2658:
Osgood, Richard; Monks, Sarah & Toms, Judith (2010) .
2509:(Facsimile ed.). London, UK: Routledge. p. 207.
1794:
1724:"Archery | Types, Equipment & Techniques | Britannica"
1451:
Picture of Pope taken while grizzly hunting at Yellowstone
688:
334:, Castellón, Valencia. At Val del Charco del Agua Amarga,
5894:
5660:
5618:
4386:
Folk Archery Federation of the People's Republic of China
3843:
Asano Yukinaga, 1598 AD, letter to his father, quoted in
3246:
Folk Archery Federation of the People's Republic of China
3084:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 136.
2772:. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. p. 186.
2414:. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press. p. 1.
2045:
Slimak, L.; Zanolli, C.; Higham, T.; et al. (2022).
857:
266:
3977:
Duvernay, Thomas A. & Duvernay, Nicholas Y. (2007).
2406:
1478:, came out of hiding in California in 1911. His doctor,
52:(approx. 70,000 years ago). It is documented as part of
4445:– via Asian Traditional Archery Research Network.
2744:"The Excavation of the Neolithic Settlement, Carn Brea"
223:
Other early indications of archery in Europe come from
183:
from 5,000 BP or earlier depicts people carrying bows.
3657:
2613:
Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Volume 1
2236:
1988:
Metz, Laure; Lewis, Jason E.; Slimak, Ludovic (2023).
4455:
4085:
4083:
3036:
1214:(a Tudor English author expects eight shots from the
1056:
In Asia archery was one of the Six Noble Arts of the
437:
and short spears, detail from the archers' frieze in
257:
The oldest definite bows known so far come from the
3817:
History of Black Africa: From Yesterday to Tomorrow
3309:Selby, Stephen (Winter 2010). "The Bows of China".
3169:
2377:
4339:Adventurous Bowmen: field notes on African archery
4080:
3996:Gunn, Steven; Gromelski, Tomasz (6 October 2012).
3908:
3906:
3429:American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
3425:Trebuchet Energy Efficiency – Experimental Results
3344:"Crossbow : Definition, History, & Facts"
3110:at the point of its confluence with Landai. (See:
2984:. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers. p. 271.
2532:"Adoption of the Bow in Prehistoric North America"
4161:First published in the USA by Alfred Knopf, 1974.
4135:First published in the USA by Alfred Knopf, 1974.
3484:"Mongolian Archery: from the Stone Age to Naadam"
2410:; French, Mary & O'Brien, Michael J. (2007).
1864:
125:
7307:
4763:A Chapter in the Evolution of Archery in America
4524:Archery and Crossbow Guilds in Medieval Flanders
3976:
3771:on 2 November 2012 – via Tuba-Archery.com.
1144:were dominated by archers. Three archers to one
209:shouldered Khiam-points may well be arrowheads.
201:, (ca. 12,800–10,300 BP) onwards. The
48:, was probably developed in Africa by the later
3903:
3532:Grayson, Charles E. & French, Mary (2004).
3236:
3234:
3094:The Ashvayanas living on river Guraeus (modern
2657:
2632:"The oldest Neolithic Bow discovered in Europe"
2293:"Digital photograph (colour) from Tin-Tazarift"
2101:
1987:
1613:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
1540:, an American bow hunter and bow manufacturer.
1399:. The societies were also elitist, and the new
1120:A book on the excellence of the bow & arrow
847:'s armies in Gaul included Cretan archers, and
4360:. Tahlequah, Oklahoma: White Bear Publishing.
3701:
3460:
3458:
3456:
3326:"Archery and Social Class in Medieval England"
1832:"The Howieson's Poort industry of Sibudu Cave"
6839:
4972:
4953:Online Archery Books with historical content.
4795:International Journal of the History of Sport
3995:
3538:University of Missouri Museum of Anthropology
3531:
3183:. Translated by W. A. Macdevitt. London, UK:
2388:. Vol. 264, no. 6. pp. 76–83.
1747:
1745:
1103:(1292AD-1350AD) comes from the 14th century.
551:or land of the bow by the Ancient Egyptians.
149:Likely arrowheads were reported in 2020 from
4437:"Archery: the Real Game is Played Elsewhere"
3813:Histoire de l'Afrique noire: d'hier à demain
3231:
2830:. Albany, New York: SUNY Press. p. 43.
1930:
1115:, was written by Hussain bin Abd al-Rahman.
662:, and from there it diffused throughout the
487:, came to refer to martial arts in general.
3667:A book about students' knowledge of archery
3453:
3153:
3145:
2856:
2854:
2464:
909:philosopher) was an avid archer. In China,
7290:
6846:
6832:
4986:
4979:
4965:
4830:
4422:Asian Traditional Archery Research Network
4382:"2009 Chinese Traditional Archery Seminar"
4149:. London, UK: Vintage Books. p. 553.
4144:
4123:. London, UK: Vintage Books. p. 125.
4115:
3754:
3687:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2792:
2357:: Office et musée cantonal d'archéologie.
1754:Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports
1742:
106:. Firearms eventually diffused throughout
4449:
4434:
4195:
4193:
3266:. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2731:. Cornwall Archaeological Society: 54–62.
2434:
2344:
2213:
2135:
2078:
2021:
1964:
1954:
1895:
1160:Panels depicting Archery in England from
1109:A 14th-century treatise on Arab archery,
1007:. The core of the Byzantine army was the
72:(though in hunting they are still used).
4756:
4597:
4474:
4270:The Traditional Bowyer's Bible, Volume 4
4047:
3844:
3807:
3793:. Translated by H. Walrond. London, UK:
3558:
3201:
3195:
2851:
2345:Chauviere, François-Xavier, ed. (2009).
1446:
1364:
1337:
1171:
1155:
1062:
867:
802:
794:
790:
687:
582:
558:
489:
428:
309:
287:(4 ft) and made of European hazel (
28:
4924:The Traditional Bowyers Bible, Volume 4
4906:The Traditional Bowyers Bible, Volume 3
4888:The Traditional Bowyers Bible, Volume 2
4870:The Traditional Bowyers Bible, Volume 1
4647:
4521:
4435:Dorji, Kunga T. & Phuntsho, Tashi.
4292:
3869:
3786:
3663:كتاب عنية الطلاب في معرفة الرمي بالنشاب
3466:"Military Technology: The horse archer"
3286:
2979:
2754:. Cornwall Archaeological Society: 5–8.
2735:
2709:
2493:
1901:
1858:
1788:
1751:
1606:
1333:
91:cemented the longbow in military lore.
14:
7308:
7232:World University Archery Championships
4774:
4672:
4392:
4374:
4355:
4267:
4199:
4190:
3731:
3422:
3004:
2919:
2888:
2764:
2741:
2715:
2686:
1829:
1607:Whitman, Theodore R. (3 August 2017).
1260:James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose
1258:in Scotland on 1 September 1644, when
6827:
6150:
5789:
5055:
4960:
4859:
4821:
4713:
4568:
4537:
3944:
3512:
3323:
3308:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3111:
2951:
2860:
2606:
2578:
2529:
2158:
1151:
543:to an elite paramilitary unit by the
441:. Siliceous glazed bricks, c. 510 BC.
373:, interpreted as display versions of
6151:
4783:
4628:
4507:"American Indian Archery Technology"
4336:
4321:
3912:
3302:
3076:
1844:South African Archaeological Society
1632:
1630:
1112:Kitāb fī maʿrifat ʿilm ramy al-sihām
901:himself was an archery teacher; and
4504:
4268:Allely, Steve; et al. (2008).
4089:
3736:(Ph.D.). University of Manchester.
3313:(2). Hong Kong: Three-In-One Press.
2820:
2586:. London, UK: Thames & Hudson.
2380:"Early bow design and construction"
1304:An exception to this trend was the
924:
645:
535:extraction commonly referred to as
347:indigenous peoples of North America
24:
4531:
4462:National Field Archery Association
4147:Comanches, the history of a people
4121:Comanches, the history of a people
4092:"Archery in the English Civil War"
3801:
3599:] (in French). Paris: Édifra.
3383:"People of the Hundred Years' War"
3311:Journal of Chinese Martial Studies
3252:
989:
424:
25:
7327:
6103:Megalithic architectural elements
4941:
4526:. Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer.
3423:Rhoten, Ronald (9 January 2006).
3296:Science and Civilisation in China
2891:Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy
2637:Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
1904:Journal of Archaeological Science
1797:Journal of Archaeological Science
1627:
1426:
1099:by Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr, called
763:, a military treaties written by
7289:
7280:
7279:
5790:
4699:Journal of Neolithic Archaeology
4689:10.1111/j.1468-229X.2004.00297.x
4326:. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
4218:10.1111/j.1468-229X.2004.00297.x
3490:. 14 August 2020. Archived from
3187:. Book VII, p. XXXI – via
2903:10.1111/j.1600-0471.2007.00281.x
2481:10.1111/j.0065-001X.2004.00014.x
1369:Fashionable female archers, 1799
1308:culture of North America, where
1210:Early firearms were inferior in
836:During the invasion of India by
6722:Evolutionary origin of religion
4779:. University of Oklahoma Press.
4468:
4428:
4410:
4349:
4330:
4315:
4286:
4261:
4231:
4164:
4138:
4109:
4066:
4041:
3989:
3970:
3937:
3863:
3847:The Samurai: A Military History
3837:
3780:
3748:
3725:
3695:
3651:
3631:
3621:"Asi l Hadath – Fortified Cave"
3613:
3584:
3552:
3525:
3506:
3476:
3416:
3407:
3374:
3356:
3336:
3317:
3280:
3163:
3118:History of The Punjab, Volume I
3088:
3070:
3030:
2998:
2973:
2945:
2913:
2882:
2814:
2786:
2758:
2680:
2624:
2600:
2572:
2523:
2487:
2458:
2428:
2400:
2371:
2338:
2310:
2285:
2230:
2171:
2152:
2095:
2038:
1981:
1131:Le Fachon de tirer l'arc a main
608:relied heavily on the bow. The
506:
4324:Hunting with the Bow and Arrow
4299:University of California Press
4239:"The Royal Company of Archers"
2689:Shadowland: Wales 3000-1500 BC
2640:. 29 June 2012. Archived from
1823:
1716:
1707:
1682:
1656:
1600:
1433:Grand National Archery Society
1273:after the Trail of Tears. The
1250:; in October 1642, during the
915:battles against nomad invaders
554:
377:, form a defining part of the
126:Paleolithic and Epipaleolithic
13:
1:
6335:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
5865:British megalith architecture
4826:. Hong Kong University Press.
4200:Johnes, Martin (April 2004).
4090:Fox, E.T. (15 October 2015).
4016:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61702-4
3364:"The Bow in Medieval Warfare"
3054:The Cambridge Ancient History
2159:Bower, Bruce (12 June 2020).
1593:
1125:An anonymous book written in
1014:Turkish tribes, of which the
953:Around the tenth century the
715:The paleolithic paintings of
417:became a defining feature of
397:
303:, which was fastened on with
120:
6330:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
5870:Nordic megalith architecture
4648:Jackson, Antoinette (2016).
4418:"Magyar Traditional Archery"
4356:Herrin, Al (November 1989).
3943:As attributed to Bernier by
3887:(1st ed.). London, UK:
3797:– via Archery Library.
3154:Singh Dardi, Kirpal (2005).
3146:Singh Dardi, Kirpal (1979).
2770:The Culture of Ancient Egypt
2539:North American Archaeologist
2332:10.1016/j.anthro.2006.06.008
1774:10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102477
1568:, Japanese horseback archery
1244:Honourable Artillery Company
863:
494:Ta-Seti (uppermost) at the "
352:
137:Small stone points from the
7:
6853:
4726:Medieval Academy of America
4400:"2010传统射艺研讨会在杭州举行-杭网原创-杭州网"
4096:Fox Historical Publications
3242:"Six Arts of Ancient China"
2551:10.2190/HN64-P1UD-NM0A-J0LR
1543:
1534:Traditional Bowyer's Bibles
1360:George, the Prince of Wales
695:bowmen on gold plaque from
343:Arctic small tool tradition
246:). The arrows were made of
10:
7332:
6893:Modern competitive archery
6478:British Isles and Brittany
6399:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
4406:(in Chinese). 30 May 2010.
4293:Kroeber, Theodora (2004).
3979:Korean Traditional Archery
3954:Cambridge University Press
3897:Corpus of Electronic Texts
3819:] (in French). Paris:
3669:] (in Arabic). Cairo.
3534:"Korean Archery Equipment"
3098:), which are the Gauri of
3050:The High Empire, AD 70–192
2982:Education in Ancient India
2618:Government Printing Office
1222:reports that well-trained
1024:Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)
878:
654:was first produced in the
642:, dated to 100 BC-150 AD.
439:Palace of Darius I in Susa
33:Longbowmen archers of the
7275:
7185:
7139:
7056:
6949:
6911:
6861:
6680:
6493:
6320:
6167:
6163:
6146:
6032:
5996:
5845:
5802:
5798:
5785:
5592:
5423:
5396:
5321:
5247:
5238:
5143:
5068:
5064:
5056:
5051:
4994:
4926:. The Lyons Press. 2008.
4908:. The Lyons Press. 1994.
4890:. The Lyons Press. 1992.
4872:. The Lyons Press. 1992.
4807:10.1080/09523360903556824
4775:Laubin, Reginald (1980).
4614:10.1017/S0003598X00049425
4145:Fehrenbach, T.R. (2007).
3983:Handong Global University
3895:. p. 27 – via
3732:Jallon, Adnan D. (1980).
3380:name="RoyalArmouries">
3156:Kambojas Through the Ages
2980:Scharfe, Hartmut (2002).
2584:The First North Americans
2322:(in French and English).
1924:10.1016/j.jas.2011.04.001
1881:10.1017/S0003598X00100134
1817:10.1016/j.jas.2007.11.006
1474:tribe, a native known as
929:
318:The oldest depictions of
64:(where it figures in the
6898:World Archery Federation
4583:10.1177/0968344513518333
4554:10.1177/0968344513517664
3211:Adrian Keith Goldsworthy
2507:Social Life of Early Man
707:
631:used to great effect in
407:Seima-Turbino Phenomenon
349:from about 500 AD.
6710:Evolutionary musicology
6113:Oldest extant buildings
6040:Archaeological features
5559:Prepared-core technique
4860:Wadge, Richard (2012).
4822:Selby, Stephen (2000).
4777:American Indian Archery
4768:Smithsonian Institution
4522:Crombie, Laura (2016).
4048:Williams, Alan (2003).
3981:. Pohang, South Korea:
3845:Turnbull, S.R. (1977).
3787:Gallice, Henri (1903).
3719:10.1163/157005872X00203
3519:History of Fighting.com
3330:History of Fighting.com
3262:Selby, Stephen (2000).
3082:The Iliad: A Commentary
3048:, eds. (October 2000).
1488:Boone and Crockett Club
1328:2007–2008 Kenyan crisis
1029:
994:In the Middle East the
984:Unlawful Games Act 1541
783:, introduced by Mongol
717:Bhimbetka rock shelters
6973:Austroasiatic crossbow
6903:World Archery Rankings
6672:Unchambered long cairn
6520:Mound Builders culture
5853:Neolithic architecture
4988:Prehistoric technology
4475:Bertalan, Dan (2007).
3884:The History of Ireland
3849:. London, UK: Osprey.
3659:Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya
3207:Greece and Rome at War
2952:Drews, Robert (1993).
2687:Burrow, Steve (2011).
2206:10.1126/sciadv.aba3831
2128:10.1126/sciadv.add4675
2071:10.1126/sciadv.abj9496
2014:10.1126/sciadv.add4675
1642:www.worldarchery.sport
1610:The History of Archery
1452:
1370:
1343:
1201:
1181:
1169:
1101:Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya
1068:
1005:Strategikon of Maurice
876:
826:
800:
774:During the era of the
704:
597:
564:
503:
442:
409:and the spread of the
315:
38:
6347:List of Stone Age art
5549:Microblade technology
5497:Langdale axe industry
5095:Ard / plough
4337:Pope, Saxton (1926).
4322:Pope, Saxton (1925).
3569:Encyclopaedia Iranica
3413:name="RoyalArmouries"
3180:Caesar's Commentaries
3124:: Publication Bureau
3112:Singh, Fauja (1997).
3014:Philosophies of India
2742:Mercer, R.J. (1972).
2608:Hodge, Frederick Webb
1499:traditional equipment
1450:
1368:
1341:
1191:
1175:
1159:
1066:
874:Warring States period
871:
806:
798:
791:Greco-Roman antiquity
691:
586:
562:
493:
432:
313:
32:
7237:Military World Games
6888:History of crossbows
6754:Prehistoric medicine
6749:Prehistoric counting
6732:Prehistoric religion
6727:Paleolithic religion
6705:Behavioral modernity
6062:Causewayed enclosure
5954:Abri de la Madeleine
5078:Neolithic Revolution
4864:. The History Press.
4788:. The History Press.
4766:. Washington, D.C.:
4707:10.12766/jna.2019.10
4641:10.1093/pastj/gtq029
3562:(15 December 1988).
3395:on 29 September 2022
3352:. 18 September 2023.
3148:These Kamboja People
2666:. pp. 139–142.
2530:Blitz, John (1988).
1956:10.15184/aqy.2018.11
1830:Wadley, Lyn (2008).
1435:meeting was held in
1334:Recreational revival
1256:Battle of Tippermuir
1198:Asano Yukinaga, 1598
1022:, especially at the
640:United Arab Emirates
7205:World Championships
6793:Prehistoric warfare
5539:Magdalenian culture
5502:Levallois technique
5433:Earliest toolmaking
4784:Roth, Erik (2011).
4483:Skyhorse Publishing
4343:G. P. Putnam's Sons
4272:. The Lyons Press.
4249:on 25 November 2012
4172:"Amazonian archers"
4010:(9849): 1222–1223.
3893:Irish Texts Society
3879:Dinneen, Patrick S.
3823:. pp. 37–133.
3515:"Mongolian Archery"
3513:Griffiths, Andrew.
3324:Griffiths, Andrew.
3171:Gaius Julius Caesar
2748:Cornish Archaeology
2725:Cornish Archaeology
2436:Otterbein, Keith F.
2408:Grayson, Charles E.
2385:Scientific American
2263:10.1038/nature16477
2255:2016Natur.529..394L
2198:2020SciA....6.3831L
2120:2023SciA....9D4675M
2063:2022SciA....8J9496S
2006:2023SciA....9D4675M
1916:2011JArSc..38.1918L
1809:2008JArSc..35.1566B
1766:2020JArSR..33j2477L
1484:Pope and Young Club
1465:1900 Paris Olympics
1285:and 1904 in China.
1237:Battle of Cerignola
976:Battle of Agincourt
852:the highly skilled
838:Alexander the Great
293:), wayfaring tree (
104:early modern period
89:Battle of Agincourt
7316:History of archery
6744:Origin of language
6737:Spiritual drug use
6647:Rectangular dolmen
6549:Dartmoor kistvaens
6362:Carved stone balls
6074:Circular enclosure
6033:Other architecture
5976:Alp pile dwellings
5564:Solutrean industry
5475:Gravettian culture
5125:Secondary products
4632:Past & Present
4517:on 1 October 2013.
4388:. 2 November 2009.
3775:Garrett collection
3627:. 6 December 1989.
3437:10.2514/6.2006-775
3185:Everyman's Library
3126:Punjabi University
2794:Traunecker, Claude
2660:Bronze Age Warfare
2616:. Washington, DC:
2468:Acta Archaeologica
2297:The British Museum
1728:www.britannica.com
1694:www.britannica.com
1668:www.britannica.com
1644:. 3 September 2020
1562:, Japanese archery
1453:
1371:
1348:Kilwinning Papingo
1344:
1275:Tokugawa shogunate
1228:Battle of Samugarh
1182:
1178:Batavische Arcadia
1170:
1152:Decline of archery
1069:
941:Battle of Hastings
877:
872:Winged arrowhead,
827:
801:
705:
598:
565:
504:
443:
371:Stone wrist-guards
316:
70:repeating firearms
39:
7303:
7302:
6929:Ballista elephant
6821:
6820:
6817:
6816:
6813:
6812:
6766:Prehistoric music
6715:music archaeology
6372:Cup and ring mark
6197:Clothing/textiles
6142:
6141:
6138:
6137:
5781:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5584:Yubetsu technique
5569:Striking platform
5534:Lithic technology
5419:
5418:
5404:Game drive system
5323:Projectile points
5215:Mortar and pestle
4949:"Archery Library"
4933:978-0-9645741-6-8
4758:Klopsteg, Paul E.
4492:978-1-60239-046-1
4481:. New York City:
4367:978-0-96236-013-8
4308:978-0-520-24037-7
4279:978-0-9645741-6-8
4156:978-0-09-952055-9
4130:978-0-09-952055-9
4059:978-9-00412-498-1
3963:978-0-52152-305-9
3946:Kolff, Dirk H. A.
3871:Keating, Geoffrey
3830:978-2-21804-176-1
3606:978-2-90407-072-3
3564:"Bahrām VI Čōbīn"
3544:on 24 June 2016.
3488:Bow International
3446:978-1-62410-039-0
3224:978-1-85367-303-0
3189:Project Gutenberg
3063:978-0-52126-335-1
3046:Rathbone, Dominic
3023:978-0-69101-758-7
2991:978-9-00412-556-8
2963:978-0-69104-811-6
2938:978-0-04445-030-6
2875:978-0-69104-811-6
2837:978-0-7914-6364-2
2824:(February 2012).
2807:978-0-80143-834-9
2798:The Gods of Egypt
2779:978-0-22690-152-7
2702:978-1-84217-459-3
2691:. Havertown, PA:
2673:978-0-75245-697-3
2664:The History Press
2593:978-0-500-02120-0
2516:978-0-41533-041-1
2421:978-0-8262-1751-6
2364:978-2-940347-41-4
2249:(7586): 394–398.
1620:978-1-9742-6255-7
1518:Kingdom of Bhutan
1279:Satsuma Rebellion
1252:English Civil War
919:Battle of Ma-Ling
856:belonging to the
785:gunpowder empires
703:, 4th century BC.
676:Sintashta culture
411:Andronovo culture
332:Ares del Maestrat
229:Ahrensburg valley
188:Upper Paleolithic
146:to leave Africa.
112:Gunpowder empires
98:in Europe in the
85:mounted on horses
16:(Redirected from
7323:
7293:
7292:
7283:
7282:
7091:Cresting machine
6978:Cable-backed bow
6919:Archer's paradox
6848:
6841:
6834:
6825:
6824:
6781:Divje Babe flute
6688:Archaeoastronomy
6431:Petrosomatoglyph
6165:
6164:
6148:
6147:
5997:Water management
5800:
5799:
5787:
5786:
5690:Denticulate tool
5512:Lithic reduction
5245:
5244:
5066:
5065:
5053:
5052:
4981:
4974:
4967:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4937:
4919:
4901:
4883:
4865:
4856:
4845:10.2307/25528380
4833:Classics Ireland
4827:
4818:
4789:
4780:
4771:
4753:
4710:
4692:
4683:(294): 193–208.
4669:
4644:
4625:
4608:(337): 728–745.
4594:
4565:
4527:
4518:
4513:. Archived from
4497:
4496:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4453:
4447:
4446:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4334:
4328:
4327:
4319:
4313:
4312:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4245:. Archived from
4235:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4212:(294): 193–208.
4197:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4142:
4136:
4134:
4117:Fehrenbach, T.R.
4113:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4087:
4078:
4077:
4070:
4064:
4063:
4045:
4039:
4038:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3867:
3861:
3860:
3841:
3835:
3834:
3809:Ki-Zerbo, Joseph
3805:
3799:
3798:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3770:
3763:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3729:
3723:
3722:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3686:
3678:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3560:Shahbazi, A. Sh.
3556:
3550:
3549:
3540:. Archived from
3529:
3523:
3522:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3499:
3494:on 13 April 2022
3480:
3474:
3473:
3462:
3451:
3450:
3420:
3414:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3391:. Archived from
3378:
3372:
3371:
3368:Encyclopedia.com
3360:
3354:
3353:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3259:
3250:
3249:
3248:. 8 August 2010.
3238:
3229:
3228:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3167:
3161:
3159:
3151:
3139:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3010:Campbell, Joseph
3006:Zimmer, Heinrich
3002:
2996:
2995:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2925:Animals into Art
2917:
2911:
2910:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2858:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2655:
2646:
2645:
2644:on 6 March 2020.
2628:
2622:
2621:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2561:. Archived from
2536:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2217:
2192:(24): eaba3831.
2185:Science Advances
2175:
2169:
2168:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2139:
2108:Science Advances
2099:
2093:
2092:
2082:
2051:Science Advances
2042:
2036:
2035:
2025:
1994:Science Advances
1985:
1979:
1978:
1968:
1958:
1949:(362): 289–303.
1934:
1928:
1927:
1910:(8): 1918–1930.
1899:
1893:
1892:
1875:(325): 635–648.
1862:
1856:
1855:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1803:(6): 1566–1580.
1792:
1786:
1785:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1730:. 10 August 2024
1720:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1604:
1588:Archery in India
1574:, Korean archery
1386:with titles and
1297:was absorbed by
1220:François Bernier
1205:Geoffrey Keating
1199:
1086:Kitab al-Fihrist
1001:Byzantine Empire
978:resulted in the
925:Medieval history
825:; 4th century BC
813:arrow with a bow
719:depict archery.
656:Eurasian Steppes
646:Eurasian Steppes
604:warriors of the
513:ancient Egyptian
328:Morella la Vella
324:Iberian cave art
296:Viburnum lantana
290:Corylus avellana
286:
272:
242:
218:Grotte du Bichon
216:points found in
199:Natufian culture
179:rock art of the
100:Late Middle Ages
62:classical period
50:Middle Stone Age
44:, or the use of
21:
7331:
7330:
7326:
7325:
7324:
7322:
7321:
7320:
7306:
7305:
7304:
7299:
7271:
7181:
7135:
7052:
6998:English longbow
6958:
6945:
6924:Mounted archery
6907:
6857:
6852:
6822:
6809:
6676:
6662:Stone box grave
6632:Megalithic tomb
6537:Cotswold-Severn
6489:
6394:Guardian stones
6322:Prehistoric art
6316:
6159:
6134:
6123:Timber trackway
6028:
5992:
5988:Wattle and daub
5841:
5820:Standing stones
5794:
5773:
5588:
5415:
5392:
5317:
5234:
5144:Food processing
5139:
5088:New World crops
5060:
5047:
4990:
4985:
4947:
4944:
4934:
4922:
4916:
4904:
4898:
4886:
4880:
4868:
4824:Chinese Archery
4734:10.2307/2850132
4701:(21): 283–314.
4534:
4532:Further reading
4501:
4500:
4493:
4473:
4469:
4454:
4450:
4433:
4429:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4398:
4397:
4393:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4368:
4354:
4350:
4335:
4331:
4320:
4316:
4309:
4291:
4287:
4280:
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4250:
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4236:
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4222:
4220:
4198:
4191:
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4170:
4169:
4165:
4157:
4143:
4139:
4131:
4114:
4110:
4100:
4098:
4088:
4081:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4060:
4046:
4042:
3994:
3990:
3975:
3971:
3964:
3942:
3938:
3928:
3926:
3911:
3904:
3868:
3864:
3857:
3842:
3838:
3831:
3806:
3802:
3785:
3781:
3768:
3761:
3753:
3749:
3730:
3726:
3700:
3696:
3680:
3679:
3656:
3652:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3607:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3557:
3553:
3530:
3526:
3511:
3507:
3497:
3495:
3482:
3481:
3477:
3464:
3463:
3454:
3447:
3421:
3417:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3396:
3388:Royal Armouries
3381:
3379:
3375:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3322:
3318:
3307:
3303:
3288:Needham, Joseph
3285:
3281:
3274:
3264:Chinese Archery
3260:
3253:
3240:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3215:Greenhill Books
3203:Connolly, Peter
3200:
3196:
3168:
3164:
3136:
3128:. p. 227.
3093:
3089:
3075:
3071:
3064:
3038:Bowman, Alan K.
3035:
3031:
3024:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2931:. p. 365.
2918:
2914:
2887:
2883:
2876:
2859:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2766:Wilson, John A.
2763:
2759:
2740:
2736:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2695:. p. 147.
2685:
2681:
2674:
2656:
2649:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2580:Fagan, Brian M.
2577:
2573:
2568:on 9 July 2021.
2565:
2534:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2492:
2488:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2405:
2401:
2376:
2372:
2365:
2343:
2339:
2320:L'Anthropologie
2315:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2235:
2231:
2176:
2172:
2157:
2153:
2114:(8): eadd4675.
2100:
2096:
2057:(6): eabj9496.
2043:
2039:
2000:(8): eadd4675.
1986:
1982:
1935:
1931:
1900:
1896:
1863:
1859:
1828:
1824:
1793:
1789:
1750:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1645:
1636:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1583:Chinese archery
1578:Turkish archery
1546:
1429:
1417:'s 1819 novel,
1411:Napoleonic Wars
1336:
1310:mounted archery
1295:Crimean Khanate
1269:cause, and the
1224:mounted archers
1216:English longbow
1200:
1197:
1154:
1032:
992:
990:The Middle East
980:English longbow
972:Battle of Crecy
932:
927:
895:
881:Chinese archery
879:Main articles:
866:
854:mounted archers
793:
710:
668:chariot burials
648:
557:
509:
427:
425:Ancient history
415:mounted archery
400:
355:
284:
270:
263:Holmegaard bows
240:
181:Tassili plateau
175:In the Sahara,
160:At the site of
128:
123:
23:
22:
18:Archery contest
15:
12:
11:
5:
7329:
7319:
7318:
7301:
7300:
7298:
7297:
7287:
7276:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7264:
7263:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7213:
7212:
7202:
7201:
7200:
7189:
7187:
7183:
7182:
7180:
7179:
7177:Target archery
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7143:
7141:
7137:
7136:
7134:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7083:
7078:
7073:
7072:
7071:
7060:
7058:
7054:
7053:
7051:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7013:Holmegaard bow
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6964:
6962:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6938:
6937:
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6931:
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6908:
6906:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6884:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6862:
6859:
6858:
6851:
6850:
6843:
6836:
6828:
6819:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6811:
6810:
6808:
6807:
6806:
6805:
6795:
6790:
6789:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6771:Alligator drum
6763:
6762:
6761:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6740:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6707:
6702:
6701:
6700:
6698:lunar calendar
6695:
6684:
6682:
6681:Other cultural
6678:
6677:
6675:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
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6607:
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6558:
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6552:
6551:
6541:
6540:
6539:
6529:
6528:
6527:
6517:
6516:
6515:
6510:
6499:
6497:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6485:Venus figurine
6482:
6481:
6480:
6475:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6454:
6453:
6448:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6416:Megalithic art
6413:
6412:
6411:
6406:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6385:
6384:
6374:
6369:
6367:Cave paintings
6364:
6359:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6343:
6342:
6332:
6326:
6324:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6312:
6307:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6286:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6250:
6245:
6244:
6243:
6233:
6232:
6231:
6226:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6173:
6171:
6169:Material goods
6161:
6160:
6144:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6130:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6099:
6098:
6088:
6083:
6082:
6081:
6071:
6070:
6069:
6059:
6058:
6057:
6047:
6042:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6000:
5998:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5979:
5978:
5968:
5963:
5962:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5925:
5924:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5903:
5902:
5892:
5887:
5885:Cliff dwelling
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5849:
5847:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5817:
5812:
5806:
5804:
5796:
5795:
5783:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5743:
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5732:
5727:
5722:
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5712:
5707:
5702:
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5692:
5687:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5670:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5637:
5636:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5604:
5598:
5596:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5482:
5477:
5472:
5470:Fire hardening
5467:
5462:
5460:Clovis culture
5457:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5429:
5427:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5400:
5398:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5383:Manis Mastodon
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5339:
5338:
5327:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5283:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5266:
5265:
5264:
5262:throwing stick
5254:
5248:
5242:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5158:
5153:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5074:
5072:
5062:
5061:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4984:
4983:
4976:
4969:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4943:
4942:External links
4940:
4939:
4938:
4932:
4920:
4914:
4902:
4896:
4884:
4878:
4866:
4857:
4828:
4819:
4801:(3): 523–536.
4790:
4781:
4772:
4754:
4711:
4693:
4670:
4660:(3): 265–301.
4645:
4635:(209): 53–81.
4626:
4595:
4571:War in History
4566:
4548:(4): 423–444.
4541:War in History
4533:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4519:
4505:Weitzel, Tim.
4499:
4498:
4491:
4485:. p. 73.
4467:
4448:
4427:
4409:
4391:
4373:
4366:
4348:
4329:
4314:
4307:
4285:
4278:
4260:
4243:MartinFrost.ws
4230:
4189:
4163:
4155:
4137:
4129:
4108:
4079:
4065:
4058:
4040:
3988:
3969:
3962:
3936:
3902:
3862:
3855:
3836:
3829:
3800:
3779:
3747:
3724:
3694:
3650:
3630:
3612:
3605:
3583:
3551:
3524:
3505:
3475:
3470:Britannica.com
3452:
3445:
3415:
3406:
3373:
3355:
3349:Britannica.com
3335:
3316:
3301:
3290:, ed. (1986).
3279:
3272:
3251:
3230:
3223:
3194:
3162:
3158:. p. 131.
3150:. p. 122.
3134:
3096:river Panjkora
3087:
3078:Kirk, Geoffrey
3069:
3062:
3042:Garnsey, Peter
3029:
3022:
2997:
2990:
2972:
2962:
2944:
2937:
2927:. London, UK:
2921:Morphy, Howard
2912:
2897:(2): 239–250.
2881:
2874:
2850:
2836:
2813:
2806:
2785:
2778:
2757:
2734:
2708:
2701:
2679:
2672:
2647:
2623:
2620:. p. 484.
2599:
2592:
2571:
2545:(2): 123–145.
2522:
2515:
2503:Washburn, S.L.
2486:
2475:(2): 129–156.
2457:
2450:
2427:
2420:
2399:
2370:
2363:
2337:
2326:(3): 371–382.
2309:
2284:
2229:
2170:
2151:
2094:
2037:
1980:
1929:
1894:
1857:
1836:Goodwin Series
1822:
1787:
1741:
1715:
1706:
1681:
1655:
1626:
1619:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1495:Emperor Gojong
1442:Horace A. Ford
1428:
1427:A modern sport
1425:
1388:laurel wreaths
1376:21 gun salutes
1335:
1332:
1290:Ottoman Empire
1195:
1184:The advent of
1164:'s 1801 book,
1153:
1150:
1095:A treatise on
1031:
1028:
991:
988:
931:
928:
926:
923:
865:
862:
829:The people of
792:
789:
709:
706:
680:Indo-Europeans
674:, part of the
647:
644:
556:
553:
541:Middle Kingdom
508:
505:
451:, notably the
426:
423:
419:Eurasian nomad
399:
396:
389:settlement at
379:Beaker culture
354:
351:
166:Turkana County
139:Grotte Mandrin
127:
124:
122:
119:
46:bow and arrows
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7328:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7311:
7296:
7288:
7286:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7268:
7265:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7211:
7208:
7207:
7206:
7203:
7199:
7196:
7195:
7194:
7191:
7190:
7188:
7184:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7167:Field archery
7165:
7163:
7162:Clout archery
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7138:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7107:
7106:Flu-flu arrow
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7082:
7079:
7077:
7074:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7065:
7062:
7061:
7059:
7055:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7018:Laminated bow
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6983:Composite bow
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6966:
6965:
6963:
6961:
6956:
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6708:
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6690:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6679:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6657:Simple dolmen
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6642:Passage grave
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6626:
6623:
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6618:
6617:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6599:
6596:
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6591:
6590:
6589:
6588:Gallery grave
6586:
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6572:
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6526:
6523:
6522:
6521:
6518:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6505:
6504:
6503:Burial mounds
6501:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6486:
6483:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6463:Statue menhir
6461:
6459:
6456:
6452:
6451:Stone carving
6449:
6447:
6444:
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6442:
6439:
6437:
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6407:
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6380:
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6348:
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6341:
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6333:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6319:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6290:Sewing needle
6288:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6255:
6254:
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6249:
6246:
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6166:
6162:
6158:
6154:
6149:
6145:
6129:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6118:Timber circle
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6097:
6094:
6093:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6068:
6067:Tor enclosure
6065:
6064:
6063:
6060:
6056:
6055:fulacht fiadh
6053:
6052:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6025:
6022:
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6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6001:
5999:
5995:
5989:
5986:
5984:
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5977:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5946:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5918:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5901:
5898:
5897:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
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5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
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5854:
5851:
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5823:
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5807:
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5797:
5793:
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5723:
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5718:
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5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5679:
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5603:
5600:
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5547:
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5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5514:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5491:
5488:
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5483:
5481:
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5471:
5468:
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5461:
5458:
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5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
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5431:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5410:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5395:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5320:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5291:spear-thrower
5289:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5269:Bow and arrow
5267:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5237:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5178:Grinding slab
5176:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5164:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5110:Domestication
5108:
5106:
5105:Digging stick
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5083:Founder crops
5081:
5080:
5079:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5029:
5025:
5024:New Stone Age
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4993:
4989:
4982:
4977:
4975:
4970:
4968:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4950:
4946:
4945:
4935:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4915:1-58574-087-X
4911:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4897:1-58574-086-1
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4879:1-58574-085-3
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4829:
4825:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4791:
4787:
4782:
4778:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4718:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4677:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4655:
4651:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4633:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4602:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
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4576:
4572:
4567:
4563:
4559:
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4525:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4508:
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4494:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4471:
4463:
4459:
4452:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4431:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4369:
4363:
4359:
4352:
4344:
4340:
4333:
4325:
4318:
4310:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4289:
4281:
4275:
4271:
4264:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4234:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4196:
4194:
4178:. 30 May 2008
4177:
4173:
4167:
4158:
4152:
4148:
4141:
4132:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4097:
4093:
4086:
4084:
4075:
4069:
4061:
4055:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3992:
3984:
3980:
3973:
3965:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3940:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3914:Rich, Barnabe
3909:
3907:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3858:
3856:0-85045-097-7
3852:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3796:
3792:
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3493:
3489:
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3479:
3471:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3448:
3442:
3438:
3434:
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3426:
3419:
3410:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3377:
3369:
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3359:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3339:
3331:
3327:
3320:
3312:
3305:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3275:
3273:962-209-501-1
3269:
3265:
3258:
3256:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3226:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3209:. Preface by
3208:
3204:
3198:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3157:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3135:8-1738-0336-6
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3065:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3025:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2993:
2987:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2955:
2948:
2940:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2916:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2877:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2862:Drews, Robert
2857:
2855:
2839:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2809:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2789:
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2775:
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2761:
2753:
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2738:
2730:
2726:
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2718:
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2704:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2675:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2652:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2595:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2518:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2495:Pericot, Luis
2490:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2451:1-58544-329-8
2447:
2443:
2442:
2441:How War Began
2437:
2431:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2374:
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2329:
2325:
2321:
2313:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2233:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1861:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1818:
1814:
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1798:
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1783:
1779:
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1763:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1746:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1710:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1670:. 1 July 2024
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1234:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1179:
1174:
1167:
1163:
1162:Joseph Strutt
1158:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1113:
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1098:
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1088:
1087:
1083:'s catalogue
1082:
1078:
1077:Bahram Chobin
1074:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1020:First Crusade
1017:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
996:composite bow
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
968:
963:
961:
956:
951:
949:
946:
942:
938:
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
894:
890:
886:
882:
875:
870:
861:
859:
855:
850:
849:Vercingetorix
846:
845:Julius Caesar
841:
839:
834:
832:
824:
822:
818:
817:Gnathia style
815:in her feet;
814:
810:
805:
797:
788:
786:
782:
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:Maurya Empire
754:
750:
749:Mahajanapadas
745:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
723:hymns in the
722:
718:
713:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
652:composite bow
643:
641:
636:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
617:Old Testament
613:
611:
607:
603:
595:
594:
590:
585:
581:
578:
574:
570:
561:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
501:
497:
492:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
449:civilizations
447:
440:
436:
433:Archers with
431:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
395:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
350:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
297:
292:
291:
282:
278:
276:
268:
264:
260:
255:
253:
249:
245:
239:(11,000–9,000
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
184:
182:
178:
173:
171:
167:
163:
158:
156:
152:
147:
145:
144:modern humans
140:
135:
133:
118:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
36:
31:
27:
19:
7241:Continental
7186:Competitions
7043:Takedown bow
6988:Compound bow
6865:
6598:wedge-shaped
6583:Funeral pyre
6576:Great dolmen
6532:Chamber tomb
6513:Round barrow
6468:Stone circle
6340:Blombos Cave
6268:Grooved ware
6192:Chalcolithic
6096:Thornborough
6014:Flush toilet
5949:Blombos Cave
5944:Rock shelter
5900:Quiggly hole
5792:Architecture
5767:illustration
5409:Buffalo jump
5273:
5230:Storage pits
5193:Aşıklı Höyük
5183:Ground stone
5019:Subdivisions
4923:
4905:
4887:
4869:
4861:
4836:
4832:
4823:
4798:
4794:
4785:
4776:
4762:
4721:
4715:
4698:
4680:
4674:
4657:
4653:
4630:
4605:
4599:
4574:
4570:
4545:
4539:
4523:
4515:the original
4510:
4477:
4470:
4457:
4451:
4440:
4430:
4421:
4412:
4404:Hangzhou Net
4403:
4394:
4385:
4376:
4357:
4351:
4341:. New York:
4338:
4332:
4323:
4317:
4297:. Berkeley:
4294:
4288:
4269:
4263:
4251:. Retrieved
4247:the original
4242:
4233:
4221:. Retrieved
4209:
4205:
4180:. Retrieved
4175:
4166:
4146:
4140:
4120:
4111:
4099:. Retrieved
4095:
4068:
4049:
4043:
4035:
4007:
4001:
3991:
3978:
3972:
3949:
3939:
3927:. Retrieved
3918:
3883:
3875:Comyn, David
3865:
3846:
3839:
3816:
3812:
3803:
3789:
3782:
3766:the original
3757:
3750:
3733:
3727:
3713:(1): 98–99.
3710:
3704:
3697:
3666:
3662:
3653:
3642:
3633:
3624:
3615:
3596:
3592:
3586:
3574:. Retrieved
3567:
3554:
3545:
3542:the original
3537:
3527:
3518:
3508:
3496:. Retrieved
3492:the original
3487:
3478:
3469:
3424:
3418:
3409:
3397:. Retrieved
3393:the original
3386:
3376:
3367:
3358:
3347:
3338:
3329:
3319:
3310:
3304:
3291:
3282:
3263:
3245:
3206:
3197:
3179:
3175:Rhys, Ernest
3165:
3155:
3147:
3117:
3114:Joshi, L. M.
3090:
3081:
3072:
3049:
3032:
3013:
3000:
2981:
2975:
2967:
2953:
2947:
2924:
2915:
2906:
2894:
2890:
2884:
2865:
2841:. Retrieved
2826:
2822:Poo, Mu-chou
2816:
2797:
2788:
2769:
2760:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2728:
2724:
2717:Mercer, R.J.
2711:
2688:
2682:
2659:
2642:the original
2635:
2626:
2612:
2602:
2583:
2574:
2563:the original
2542:
2538:
2525:
2506:
2489:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2440:
2430:
2411:
2402:
2383:
2373:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2323:
2319:
2312:
2300:. Retrieved
2296:
2287:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2189:
2183:
2173:
2165:Science News
2164:
2154:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2054:
2050:
2040:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1757:
1753:
1732:. Retrieved
1727:
1718:
1709:
1697:. Retrieved
1693:
1684:
1672:. Retrieved
1667:
1658:
1646:. Retrieved
1641:
1609:
1602:
1533:
1530:compound bow
1522:
1511:
1507:
1501:. Among the
1492:
1469:
1454:
1430:
1418:
1415:Walter Scott
1408:
1401:middle class
1372:
1356:Ashton Lever
1345:
1319:
1303:
1287:
1264:
1241:
1212:rate of fire
1209:
1203:In Ireland,
1202:
1192:
1183:
1177:
1165:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1119:
1118:A treatise,
1117:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1097:Arab archery
1094:
1091:
1084:
1081:Ibn al-Nadim
1070:
1058:Zhou dynasty
1055:
1048:
1040:Genghis Khan
1033:
1016:Seljuk Turks
1013:
993:
964:
952:
933:
896:
842:
835:
828:
820:
811:shooting an
776:Gupta Empire
773:
761:Arthashastra
746:
736:
714:
711:
684:
672:Krivoye Lake
649:
637:
614:
599:
591:
587:The ancient
566:
510:
507:North Africa
496:White Chapel
444:
435:recurve bows
401:
356:
340:
317:
294:
288:
279:
265:are made of
256:
222:
211:
192:
185:
174:
159:
151:Fa Hien Cave
148:
136:
129:
116:
93:
74:
40:
26:
7227:Universiade
7222:Paralympics
7111:Release aid
7033:Recurve bow
6941:Run archery
6620:unchambered
6615:Long barrow
6605:Grave goods
6561:Court cairn
6556:Clava cairn
6508:Bowl barrow
6446:Rock cupule
6389:Golden hats
6382:Hill figure
6283:Unstan ware
6263:Cord-marked
6128:Sweet Track
6050:Burnt mound
5971:Stilt house
5959:Sibudu Cave
5752:Tally stick
5720:Quern-stone
5705:Hammerstone
5695:Fire plough
5666:Pesse canoe
5624:Bannerstone
5594:Other tools
5507:Lithic core
5455:Aurignacian
5343:Bare Island
5225:Quern-stone
4839:: 111–120.
4577:(1): 4–27.
4253:17 December
3576:30 December
3100:Mahabharata
2929:Unwin Hyman
2693:Oxbow Books
2302:11 November
1966:11336/81248
1846:: 122–132.
1480:Saxton Pope
1472:Yahi Indian
1404:bourgeoisie
1352:aristocracy
1323:Sentinelese
1233:musculature
948:King Harold
733:Atharvaveda
699:kurgan, in
658:during the
577:Mesopotamia
573:Babylonians
555:Mesopotamia
545:New Kingdom
322:, found in
285:120 cm
271:1.50 m
237:Paleolithic
132:Sibudu Cave
66:mythologies
35:Middle Ages
7152:Bowhunting
7147:Bowfishing
7140:Activities
7131:Thumb ring
7096:Finger tab
7028:Mongol bow
6759:trepanning
6652:Ring cairn
6610:Jar burial
6593:transepted
6525:U.S. sites
6426:Petroglyph
6352:Bird stone
6310:wine press
5983:Stone roof
5966:Roundhouse
5858:long house
5835:Stonehenge
5803:Ceremonial
5747:Stone tool
5574:Tool stone
5544:Metallurgy
5448:Mousterian
5425:Toolmaking
5363:Cumberland
5336:Transverse
5306:Schöningen
5198:Qesem cave
5166:Earth oven
5120:Irrigation
5031:Technology
4999:Prehistory
4728:: 96–108.
4003:The Lancet
3922:. London:
3891:, for the
3889:David Nutt
3795:Horace Cox
3213:. London:
2662:. Stroud:
1760:: 102477.
1594:References
1409:After the
1393:Robin Hood
1384:tournament
1248:Bridgnorth
1044:Mongol bow
1038:armies of
1009:Cataphract
737:Dhanurveda
660:Bronze Age
627:describes
610:Nuzi texts
485:dhanurveda
398:Bronze Age
383:Bronze Age
281:Mesolithic
275:Bronze Age
259:Holmegaard
177:Mesolithic
121:Prehistory
7217:World Cup
7101:Fletching
7081:Bowstring
7076:Arrowhead
7057:Equipment
7048:Welsh bow
6960:Bow shape
6803:symbolism
6667:Tor cairn
6625:Grønsalen
6566:Cremation
6458:Sculpture
6436:Pictogram
6421:Petroform
6241:amber use
6209:Cosmetics
6019:Reservoir
6004:Check dam
5934:Pueblitos
5929:Pit-house
5912:Longhouse
5846:Dwellings
5715:Microlith
5646:Bow drill
5641:Bone tool
5634:prismatic
5443:Acheulean
5358:Cresswell
5331:Arrowhead
5257:Boomerang
5173:Granaries
5135:Terracing
5014:Stone Age
4815:161376479
4750:161246352
4622:130099119
4601:Antiquity
4591:162976652
4562:163010878
4182:5 January
4101:12 August
3948:(2002) .
3742:499854155
3683:cite book
3675:643468400
2843:7 January
2796:(2001) .
2497:(2004) .
2355:Neuchâtel
1975:166154740
1943:Antiquity
1889:162438490
1868:Antiquity
1782:224889105
1734:17 August
1699:17 August
1674:17 August
1648:17 August
1538:Fred Bear
1503:Cherokees
1271:Cherokees
1049:In Korea
911:crossbows
899:Confucius
864:East Asia
741:Śukranīti
729:Yajurveda
664:Old World
629:long bows
593:sparabara
569:Assyrians
525:Nine bows
461:Egyptians
457:Parthians
394:assault.
391:Carn Brea
387:Neolithic
353:Neolithic
305:birch-tar
301:fletching
231:north of
225:Stellmoor
168:, Kenya,
155:Sri Lanka
60:from the
7310:Category
7295:Glossary
7285:Category
7250:Americas
7193:Olympics
7172:Popinjay
7038:Self bow
6993:Crossbow
6968:Arbalest
6934:Yabusame
6876:Japanese
6441:Rock art
6404:painting
6377:Geoglyph
6202:timeline
6182:Beadwork
5922:Mehrgarh
5917:Mudbrick
5825:megalith
5700:Fire-saw
5522:debitage
5517:analysis
5485:Hand axe
5465:Cupstone
5043:Glossary
5004:Timeline
4853:25528380
4760:(1963).
4717:Speculum
4666:26384874
4223:26 March
4176:BBC News
4119:(2007).
4032:20425600
4024:23057076
3929:21 April
3916:(1574).
3881:(eds.).
3873:(1908).
3811:(1978).
3661:(1932).
3498:12 April
3399:28 March
3205:(1998).
3173:(1929).
3080:(1993).
3008:(1969).
2923:(1988).
2864:(1993).
2768:(1956).
2719:(1970).
2610:(1907).
2582:(2011).
2559:28324859
2438:(2004).
2394:24936943
2271:26791728
2224:32582854
2146:36812314
2089:35138885
2032:36812314
1852:40650023
1566:Yabusame
1544:See also
1381:Medieval
1306:Comanche
1267:Jacobite
1196:—
1186:firearms
1146:spearman
1075:general
1073:Sasanian
960:Crusades
955:crossbow
893:Yabusame
781:firearms
765:Chanakya
693:Scythian
633:Corduene
625:Xenophon
606:Kassites
517:pharaohs
481:Japanese
453:Persians
359:Banyoles
203:Khiamian
170:obsidian
110:via the
96:firearms
81:chariots
7116:Quarrel
7023:Longbow
7008:Gakgung
7003:Flatbow
6881:Turkish
6871:Chinese
6866:History
6855:Archery
6798:Symbols
6409:pigment
6295:Weaving
6258:Cardium
6253:Pottery
6248:Mirrors
6236:Jewelry
6177:Baskets
6157:culture
6009:Cistern
5815:Pyramid
5757:Weapons
5735:Scraper
5725:Racloir
5685:Cleaver
5673:Chopper
5579:Uniface
5490:Grooves
5480:Hafting
5438:Oldowan
5397:Systems
5348:Cascade
5311:woomera
5301:harpoon
5274:history
5240:Hunting
5220:Pottery
5161:Cooking
5070:Farming
5036:history
5009:Outline
4742:2850132
4676:History
4442:Kuensel
4206:History
3706:Arabica
3177:(ed.).
3122:Patiala
3116:(ed.).
3012:(ed.).
2505:(ed.).
2279:4462435
2251:Bibcode
2215:7292635
2194:Bibcode
2137:9946345
2116:Bibcode
2080:8827661
2059:Bibcode
2023:9946345
2002:Bibcode
1912:Bibcode
1805:Bibcode
1762:Bibcode
1550:Archery
1526:recurve
1514:Hungary
1457:croquet
1420:Ivanhoe
1315:buffalo
1226:at the
1180:, 1708.
1142:footmen
1127:Picardy
967:longbow
937:Vikings
823:pottery
821:pelikai
809:acrobat
807:Female
725:Rigveda
697:Kul Oba
621:Hebrews
602:Chariot
589:Persian
549:Ta-Seti
477:Chinese
473:Koreans
469:Indians
465:Nubians
446:Ancient
403:Chariot
375:bracers
336:Alcañiz
233:Hamburg
227:in the
214:Azilian
193:In the
162:Nataruk
108:Eurasia
77:on foot
58:hunting
54:warfare
42:Archery
7267:Naadam
7260:Europe
7245:Africa
7157:Bowyer
7126:Target
7121:Quiver
7086:Bracer
6912:Topics
6776:flutes
6571:Dolmen
6495:Burial
6305:winery
6278:Linear
6108:Midden
6086:Cursus
6079:Goseck
5939:Pueblo
5890:Dugout
5875:Burdei
5554:Mining
5378:Lamoka
5373:Folsom
5353:Clovis
5210:Metate
5188:Hearth
5156:Basket
5130:Sickle
4930:
4912:
4894:
4876:
4851:
4813:
4748:
4740:
4664:
4620:
4589:
4560:
4489:
4364:
4305:
4276:
4153:
4127:
4056:
4030:
4022:
3960:
3924:J. Day
3877:&
3853:
3827:
3821:Hatier
3740:
3673:
3644:UNESCO
3603:
3443:
3270:
3221:
3152:&
3142:Kamboj
3132:
3060:
3044:&
3020:
2988:
2960:
2935:
2872:
2834:
2804:
2776:
2699:
2670:
2590:
2557:
2513:
2448:
2418:
2392:
2361:
2277:
2269:
2243:Nature
2222:
2212:
2144:
2134:
2087:
2077:
2030:
2020:
1973:
1887:
1850:
1780:
1617:
1572:Gungdo
1461:tennis
1397:Europe
1354:. Sir
1299:Russia
1140:, the
1051:Joseon
1036:Mongol
930:Europe
907:Daoist
903:Lie Zi
891:, and
885:Gungdo
769:Taxila
759:. The
753:howdah
731:, and
701:Crimea
537:Medjay
533:Nubian
529:Djoser
521:Thebes
500:Karnak
479:, and
363:Girona
320:combat
241:
195:Levant
7210:Youth
7198:Youth
7064:Arrow
6693:sites
6637:Mummy
6357:Cairn
6273:Jōmon
6224:shoes
6219:Hides
6091:Henge
6045:Broch
5907:Jacal
5762:Wheel
5710:Knife
5656:Canoe
5651:Burin
5629:Blade
5527:flake
5388:Plano
5296:baton
5286:Spear
5252:Arrow
5205:Manos
5058:Tools
4849:JSTOR
4811:S2CID
4746:S2CID
4738:JSTOR
4724:(1).
4662:JSTOR
4618:S2CID
4587:S2CID
4558:S2CID
4028:S2CID
3815:[
3769:(PDF)
3762:(PDF)
3665:[
3625:GERSL
3595:[
3108:Kabul
3104:tribe
2566:(PDF)
2555:S2CID
2535:(PDF)
2501:. In
2390:JSTOR
2349:[
2275:S2CID
1971:S2CID
1885:S2CID
1848:JSTOR
1778:S2CID
1560:Kyūdō
1555:Arash
1283:Korea
945:Saxon
889:Kyūdō
831:Crete
721:Vedic
708:India
498:" in
367:Spain
252:flint
207:PPN A
79:, in
7255:Asia
6955:yumi
6951:Bows
6786:gudi
6544:Cist
6473:list
6300:Wine
6229:Ötzi
6214:Glue
6187:Beds
6155:and
6153:Arts
6024:Well
5880:Cave
5810:Kiva
5740:side
5730:Rope
5678:tool
5612:bone
5602:Adze
5368:Eden
5281:Nets
5151:Fire
5115:Goad
5100:Celt
4928:ISBN
4910:ISBN
4892:ISBN
4874:ISBN
4487:ISBN
4362:ISBN
4303:ISBN
4274:ISBN
4255:2012
4225:2013
4184:2010
4151:ISBN
4125:ISBN
4103:2019
4054:ISBN
4020:PMID
3958:ISBN
3931:2016
3851:ISBN
3825:ISBN
3738:OCLC
3689:link
3671:OCLC
3601:ISBN
3578:2012
3547:art.
3500:2022
3441:ISBN
3401:2022
3268:ISBN
3219:ISBN
3130:ISBN
3058:ISBN
3018:ISBN
2986:ISBN
2958:ISBN
2933:ISBN
2870:ISBN
2845:2017
2832:ISBN
2802:ISBN
2774:ISBN
2697:ISBN
2668:ISBN
2588:ISBN
2511:ISBN
2446:ISBN
2416:ISBN
2359:ISBN
2304:2020
2267:PMID
2220:PMID
2142:PMID
2085:PMID
2028:PMID
1736:2024
1701:2024
1676:2024
1650:2024
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