55:
562:
1558:
2292:
438:
2248:
1574:
62:
42:
2236:
796:
Winters are quite snowy with snow cover lasting from late
October to mid April. Although it does snow in September and May, accumulating snowfall is rare. On rarer occasions, it has also snowed in summer months, such as the snowfall in August 2013. The highest recorded snow thickness was 113 cm
420:
visited
Ardahan and gave the following description: "The fortress of Ardahan sits atop an inaccessible cliff. It is square-shaped and sturdy... This fortress has a cold climate and, because of this, there are no gardens or orchards. Fruits arrive from the fortress at
792:
Summers are mild to warm during daytime, but turn colder nocturnally. Because of this, temperatures below freezing have been recorded every month of the year. It is also frequently rainy most of the year, especially in spring and summer.
604:
In 1986 a brief description of the fortress was published. The original late antique/medieval walls of
Ardahan Kalesi were extensively rebuilt several times and in the 19th they were adapted to accommodate small cannons.
1837:, trans. and commentary by A. Kh. Safrastian. Part of the Series on Foreign Sources on Armenia and Armenians: Turkish Sources, vol. 3. (Yerevan: Haykakan SSH Gitutyunneri Akademiayi Hratarakchutyun, 1967), p. 113.
1761:
558:. The Russians, with the help of Armenian and Pontic Greek militias, captured the town on January 3, 1915, allowing some of the original inhabitants who had fled to return.
569:
As
Russian forces withdrew from the front following the October Revolution, a small Armenian volunteer force took up positions to defend the town from the approaching
573:. On March 6, 1918, the Ottoman army, along with the help of the town's Muslims, overwhelmed Ardahan's Armenian garrison and retook the town. Ardahan was occupied by
1953:Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам Российской Империи кроме губерний Европейской России
2115:
526:. The town flourished economically under Russian rule, exporting fruits, smoked lamb meat, wheat and wood. New roads were constructed, linking Ardahan to
1758:
86:
2008:
1537:
2657:
1984:] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. pp. 198–201. Archived from
2672:
594:
2143:
2280:
289:
2258:
598:
450:
Before 1829 Ardahan was recorded to have had 400 households, the majority of them
Armenian. Many of them later emigrated to the
2093:
2071:
1513:
2213:
1812:
2521:
1901:
Robert W. Edwards, "The
Fortifications of Artvin: A Second Preliminary Report on the Marchlands of Northeast Turkey,"
1892:
The Fight of
Domination in Ardahan According to Turkish, Georgian and Armenian Historians (Turkish Article) Page 1241
1880:
The Fight of
Domination in Ardahan According to Turkish, Georgian and Armenian Historians (Turkish Article) Page 1235
463:
455:
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574:
334:
54:
2491:
1975:
338:
2631:
2218:
1790:
1595:
581:
captured
Ardahan in 23 February 1921, the town's remaining Armenians, Pontic Greeks, and Georgians fled to
570:
358:
161:
1670:"Արդահանի հարցը հայ-վրացական հարաբերություններում և խնդրի ժամանակավոր լուծումը (1919 թ. մայիս-դեկտեմբեր)"
378:
362:
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766:
578:
297:
2516:
2396:
2326:
2012:
1937:
1697:
754:
2171:
1676:
750:
416:). The Ottomans turned Ardahan into a formidable fortress-town. In the 1640s the Ottoman traveler
266:
248:
2058:
1736:
2616:
2586:
2571:
2471:
2356:
590:
2496:
2331:
1847:
Chodubski, Andrzej (2009). "O Polakach w
Armenii i Azerbejdżanie w XIX i na początku XX wieku".
2501:
2381:
202:
2451:
2376:
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2401:
2336:
1951:
1924:
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523:
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2431:
2411:
1618:
2677:
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1889:
1877:
2621:
2561:
2536:
2531:
2386:
1917:"Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin İlk Genel Nüfus Sayımında Ardahan Vilâyeti'nin Nüfus Özellikleri"
670:
Armenians 1,708 (53.9%), Sunni Muslims 778 (24.6%), Roma 361 (11.4%), Russians 270 (8.5%)
514:
community was also established, with the majority of Poles being sent to Ardahan from the
8:
2566:
2541:
2506:
2436:
140:
128:
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2556:
2511:
2481:
2466:
2446:
2426:
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441:
The storming of the Ardahan fortress by the Russian troops on 5 May 1877. A painting by
389:
366:
354:
2576:
2486:
2461:
2441:
2406:
2346:
2601:
1860:
1808:
1619:"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2021"
1566:
1557:
1466:
1419:
1371:
778:
742:
515:
443:
346:
257:
237:
2351:
2652:
2611:
2596:
2526:
2296:
2240:
374:
370:
305:
301:
285:
277:
145:
133:
1830:
753:. The town consists of 7 quarters: Halilefendi, Karagöl, Kaptanpaşa, Yenimahalle,
644:
Turks 403 (51.8%), Russians 172 (22.1%), Armenians 141 (18.1%), Greeks 48 (6.2%),
417:
2341:
1765:
659:
Russians 1,331 (32.1%), Armenians 1,315 (31.7%), Turks 746 (18%), Poles 206 (5%)
539:
487:
462:
to the Kars-Erzerum road. The town passed into the hands of Russia following the
393:
2034:
2204:
2061:, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
1739:, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
613:
451:
413:
397:
194:
1711:
802:
Lowest recorded temperature: −39.8 °C (−39.6 °F) on 21 January 1972
2646:
2366:
2252:
1864:
1209:
551:
511:
491:
483:
467:
101:
88:
2195:
746:
543:
32:
2116:"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020: Ardahan"
800:
Highest recorded temperature:35.0 °C (95.0 °F) on 29 August 1998
1753:
1562:
1548:
527:
471:
459:
345:
Ardahan served as an important transit point for goods arriving from the
342:
2606:
789:) on higher elevations, with brief, mild summers and very cold winters.
561:
1669:
608:
In 1960, Ardahan's population stood at 7,228 and was populated by both
190:
396:, the western part of the principality of Samtskhe was annexed by the
1625:
741:
Ardahan is situated in northeastern Turkey, close to the border with
555:
547:
503:
479:
475:
350:
185:
458:
it was an important road junction connecting the border fortress of
437:
2094:"Resmi İstatistikler: İllerimize Ait Mevism Normalleri (1991–2020)"
1985:
495:
353:. During the 8th to 10th centuries the region was in hands of the
582:
507:
408:
385:
369:
between 11th to 15th centuries. According to the Arab historian
2291:
1856:
1748:
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1578:
1573:
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426:
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402:
388:
took hold of the city in the 1230s but the Georgian princes of
330:
326:
322:
293:
121:
218:
645:
609:
499:
1793:. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1976, vol. 2, p. 7.
2122:
1521:
535:
531:
41:
809:
Climate data for Ardahan (1991–2020, extremes 1958–2023)
1890:
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/884723
1878:
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/884723
1649:(in Georgian). National Parliamentary Library of Georgia
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1807:(2 ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. xxxi.
271:
2224:
1524:(humidity 1991-2020), Meteomanz(snow days 2014-2023)
1992:
601:, confirmed Ardahan as a part of Turkish territory.
2011:(in Turkish). Belediyeler Konuşuyor. Archived from
392:were able to recapture it in 1266. In 1555, by the
2096:(in Turkish). Turkish State Meteorological Service
538:. On 25 December 1914, in the early months of the
321:Ardahan was historically located in the region of
2644:
2123:National Centers for Environmental Information
1538:List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkey
241:
2274:
1944:
1802:
745:. It lies on the upper course of the river
546:occupied Ardahan and massacred many of its
2281:
2267:
2072:"İllerimize Ait Genel İstatistik Verileri"
2037:(in Turkish). Ardahan Ticaret İl Müdürlüğü
1531:
474:. The majority of the town was made up of
1846:
2108:
593:, signed the following year between the
560:
436:
349:and departing to the regions around the
316:
2645:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1613:
1611:
454:in the early 19th century. During the
2262:
478:, while other ethnic groups included
2658:Populated places in Ardahan Province
1667:
1514:Turkish State Meteorological Service
400:, and Ardahan was included into the
2673:Provincial municipalities in Turkey
2047:Kentin 1990 yılı nüfusu 16,761'dir.
1771:
1608:
406:of Ardahan (an overall part of the
308:. Its population is 22,927 (2021).
13:
2177:
2144:"Ardahan - Weather data by months"
1914:
1835:Turkakan Aghbyurner, Evlia Chelebi
797:(44.5 inches) on 30 January 1968.
14:
2689:
2165:
1730:
1588:
2290:
2246:
2234:
1977:Кавказский календарь на 1917 год
1905:40, 1986, pp.176-78, pls. 44-45.
1805:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
1572:
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60:
53:
40:
2136:
2086:
2064:
2052:
2027:
1968:
1908:
1895:
1883:
1871:
1840:
1803:Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015).
619:
522:after being conscripted to the
61:
1956:(in Russian). Demoscope Weekly
1821:
1796:
1742:
1704:
1661:
1639:
575:Democratic Republic of Georgia
253:
1:
2208:Հայաստանը ըստ «Աշխարհացույցի»
2074:. Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü
1601:
456:Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)
337:that was taken away from the
2219:Armenian Academy of Sciences
1791:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia
1596:Category:People from Ardahan
736:
172:1,811 m (5,942 ft)
7:
1982:Caucasian calendar for 1917
1282:Average precipitation days
1068:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
928:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
577:in 20 April 1919. When the
466:and was made a part of the
464:1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War
281:
272:
10:
2694:
2009:"Ardahan: Nüfus Bilgileri"
1535:
1519:
1511:
808:
760:
379:slaughtered its population
311:
2319:
2303:
2212:Armenia According to the
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1417:
1369:
1325:
1281:
1207:
1137:
1067:
997:
927:
857:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
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834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
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767:humid continental climate
432:
261:
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213:
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176:
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127:
117:
82:
48:
39:
30:
23:
1952:
1677:Yerevan State University
1543:Twin towns—Sister cities
1764:1 February 2014 at the
1532:International relations
2035:"Ardahan'ın Tarihçesi"
1932:Cite journal requires
1692:Cite journal requires
566:
447:
18:Municipality in Turkey
1903:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
757:, Atatürk and Inönü.
564:
486:(here usually called
440:
102:41.11111°N 42.70222°E
858:Record high °C (°F)
579:Turkish Nationalists
365:, and later part of
333:calls a part of the
317:Ancient and medieval
300:. It is the seat of
2186:Kyureghyan, Levon.
1988:on 4 November 2021.
1326:Average snowy days
1138:Record low °C (°F)
998:Daily mean °C (°F)
751:Yalnızçam Mountains
589:, and Georgia. The
98: /
2205:Yeremyan, Suren T.
1919:(in Turkish): 209.
777:), bordering on a
567:
448:
377:razed Ardahan and
367:Kingdom of Georgia
361:under the name of
157: • Mayor
107:41.11111; 42.70222
74:Location in Turkey
2640:
2639:
1668:Թորոսյան, Շիրակ.
1528:
1527:
1372:relative humidity
779:subarctic climate
734:
733:
599:Ankara Government
516:Russian Partition
444:Aleksey Kivshenko
347:Abbasid Caliphate
339:Kingdom of Iberia
270:
231:
230:
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2668:Ardahan District
2297:Ardahan District
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2196:Mkhitarian Press
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2015:on 17 April 2014
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591:Treaty of Moscow
371:Yahya of Antioch
306:Ardahan District
302:Ardahan Province
292:in northeastern
288:: Ардаган) is a
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749:, south of the
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1934:|journal=
1915:Şimşek, Oğuz.
1907:
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1814:978-1442241466
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1660:
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1624:(in Turkish).
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1589:Notable locals
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1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
995:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
925:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
855:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
811:
810:
804:
765:Ardahan has a
762:
759:
738:
735:
732:
731:
729:
726:
722:
721:
719:
716:
712:
711:
709:
706:
702:
701:
699:
696:
692:
691:
689:
686:
682:
681:
679:
676:
672:
671:
668:
665:
661:
660:
657:
654:
650:
649:
642:
639:
635:
634:
633:Ethnic groups
631:
628:
621:
618:
452:Russian Empire
434:
431:
398:Ottoman Empire
318:
315:
313:
310:
229:
228:
215:
211:
210:
207:
205:
199:
198:
188:
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
158:
154:
153:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
131:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
80:
79:
73:
67:
66:
59:
58:
52:
51:
50:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
31:
28:
27:
24:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2690:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:Höçvan Hasköy
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:Aşağıkurtoğlu
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2284:
2279:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2202:(in Armenian)
2200:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2184:(in Armenian)
2182:
2181:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2124:
2117:
2111:
2095:
2089:
2073:
2067:
2060:
2055:
2048:
2036:
2030:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1971:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1926:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1898:
1891:
1886:
1879:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1851:(in Polish).
1850:
1843:
1836:
1832:
1831:Evliya Çelebi
1828:(in Armenian)
1824:
1816:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1787:(in Armenian)
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1738:
1737:İl Belediyesi
1733:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1699:
1686:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1648:
1642:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1523:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:Mean monthly
1416:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1210:precipitation
1206:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
996:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
926:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
856:
812:
807:
803:
798:
794:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
730:
727:
724:
723:
720:
717:
714:
713:
710:
707:
704:
703:
700:
697:
694:
693:
690:
687:
684:
683:
680:
677:
674:
673:
669:
666:
663:
662:
658:
655:
652:
651:
647:
643:
640:
637:
636:
632:
629:
626:
625:
617:
615:
611:
606:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
565:Rural Ardahan
563:
559:
557:
553:
552:Pontic Greeks
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
492:Caucasus Jews
489:
485:
484:Pontic Greeks
481:
477:
473:
469:
468:Ardahan Okrug
465:
461:
457:
453:
445:
439:
430:
428:
424:
419:
418:Evliya Çelebi
415:
411:
410:
405:
404:
399:
395:
391:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
268:
259:
250:
239:
235:
226:
216:
212:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
160:Faruk Demir (
159:
155:
150:
147:
144:
142:
138:
135:
132:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
111:
83:Coordinates:
81:
56:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
22:
16:
2663:Tao-Klarjeti
2522:Küçüksütlüce
2392:Büyüksütlüce
2310:
2217:). Yerevan:
2211:
2207:
2191:
2187:
2151:. Retrieved
2147:
2138:
2126:. Retrieved
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2088:
2076:. Retrieved
2066:
2054:
2046:
2039:. Retrieved
2029:
2017:. Retrieved
2013:the original
1986:the original
1981:
1976:
1970:
1958:. Retrieved
1946:
1925:cite journal
1910:
1902:
1897:
1885:
1873:
1859:: 132, 138.
1852:
1848:
1842:
1834:
1823:
1804:
1798:
1752:
1744:
1732:
1720:. Retrieved
1718:(in Kurdish)
1715:
1706:
1685:cite journal
1663:
1651:. Retrieved
1641:
1629:. Retrieved
1546:
1212:mm (inches)
799:
795:
791:
786:
782:
774:
770:
764:
740:
620:Demographics
607:
603:
571:Ottoman Army
568:
544:Ottoman Army
524:Russian Army
449:
407:
401:
383:
359:Tao-Klarjeti
320:
233:
232:
33:Municipality
15:
2678:Kars oblast
2497:Kartalpınar
2194:). Vienna:
1789:"Ardahan,"
1754:Geographica
1563:Akhaltsikhe
1547:Ardahan is
1465:Mean daily
785:Trewartha:
773:Trewartha:
585:, northern
472:Kars Oblast
460:Akhaltsikhe
414:Akhaltsikhe
357:princes of
343:Middle Ages
296:, near the
203:Postal code
105: /
2647:Categories
2567:Samanbeyli
2452:Değirmenli
2417:Çatalköprü
2407:Çamlıçatak
2377:Bayramoğlu
2372:Balıkçılar
1631:12 January
1602:References
1536:See also:
1520:Source 2:
1512:Source 1:
528:Akhalkalak
375:Byzantines
355:Bagrationi
177:Population
152:Government
93:42°42′08″E
90:41°06′40″N
2627:Yokuşdibi
2617:Yalnızçam
2587:Taşlıdere
2582:Sulakyurt
2572:Sarıyamaç
2552:Ortageçit
2477:Güzelyurt
2472:Güzçimeni
2457:Derindere
2432:Çimenkaya
2412:Çataldere
2357:Ardıçdere
2241:Geography
2148:meteomanz
1865:0137-5210
1712:"Erdêxan"
1647:"არტაანი"
781:(Köppen:
769:(Köppen:
737:Geography
648:7 (0.9%)
556:Georgians
548:Armenians
504:Ossetians
480:Georgians
476:Armenians
381:in 1021.
351:Black Sea
341:. In the
329:), which
267:romanized
249:romanized
186:Time zone
169:Elevation
2622:Yaylacık
2607:Tunçoluk
2602:Tepesuyu
2562:Ovapınar
2537:Nebioğlu
2532:Meşedibi
2517:Köprücük
2502:Kazlıköy
2397:Çağlayık
2387:Binbaşar
2382:Beşiktaş
2367:Bağdaşen
2327:Açıkyazı
2320:Villages
2128:2 August
2100:11 April
2041:17 April
2019:17 April
1762:Archived
1716:Ria Taza
1460:1,996.6
1370:Average
1277:(23.64)
1208:Average
1203:(−39.6)
1198:(−33.3)
1193:(−20.0)
1153:(−27.8)
1148:(−37.7)
1143:(−39.6)
755:Gürçayir
597:and the
496:Russians
390:Samtskhe
323:Gogarene
258:Armenian
254:art'aani
238:Georgian
221:.ardahan
141:District
129:Province
2653:Ardahan
2612:Uzunova
2597:Tepeler
2592:Tazeköy
2557:Otbiçen
2547:Ömerağa
2527:Lehimli
2512:Kocaköy
2482:Hacıali
2467:Gölgeli
2447:Dedegül
2427:Çetinsu
2422:Çeğilli
2402:Çalabaş
2337:Ağzıpek
2311:Ardahan
2227:Portals
2221:, 1963.
2198:, 1949.
2153:15 July
2078:23 June
2059:Mahalle
1960:8 April
1759:11.14.7
1567:Georgia
1549:twinned
1272:(0.97)
1267:(1.18)
1262:(1.62)
1257:(1.53)
1252:(2.55)
1247:(3.04)
1242:(4.00)
1237:(3.35)
1232:(2.13)
1227:(1.46)
1222:(0.85)
1217:(0.94)
1183:(21.6)
1178:(27.0)
1173:(28.0)
1168:(23.9)
1163:(16.7)
1158:(−2.2)
1133:(28.8)
1128:(10.2)
1123:(22.3)
1118:(33.3)
1113:(40.8)
1108:(48.7)
1103:(48.9)
1098:(43.7)
1093:(38.5)
1088:(30.6)
1083:(18.5)
1063:(39.7)
1058:(18.9)
1053:(31.8)
1048:(45.0)
1043:(54.5)
1038:(62.1)
1033:(61.5)
1028:(55.9)
1023:(49.3)
1018:(40.5)
1013:(27.9)
1008:(15.6)
1003:(13.5)
993:(52.3)
988:(29.3)
983:(44.1)
978:(59.4)
973:(70.2)
968:(77.4)
963:(75.7)
958:(69.4)
953:(61.5)
948:(52.0)
943:(38.5)
938:(27.1)
933:(24.1)
923:(95.0)
918:(57.7)
913:(65.7)
908:(78.8)
903:(89.8)
898:(95.0)
893:(93.7)
888:(91.6)
883:(84.0)
878:(77.0)
873:(65.1)
868:(51.8)
863:(52.0)
761:Climate
743:Georgia
728:16,251
718:17,274
708:16,761
698:14,912
688:13,399
595:Soviets
583:Armenia
508:Yazidis
470:of the
409:vilayet
386:Mongols
363:Artaani
335:Armenia
312:History
286:Russian
282:Erdêxan
278:Kurdish
273:Ardahan
269::
262:Արդահան
243:არტაანი
234:Ardahan
214:Website
146:Ardahan
134:Ardahan
118:Country
68:Ardahan
25:Ardahan
2577:Sugöze
2487:Hasköy
2462:Edegül
2442:Dağevi
2347:Alagöz
2342:Akyaka
2332:Ağaçlı
2253:Turkey
1863:
1857:Lublin
1811:
1749:Strabo
1722:5 July
1653:5 July
1583:Russia
1579:Grozny
1551:with:
1454:111.0
1451:164.3
1448:213.0
1445:251.1
1442:257.3
1439:234.0
1436:195.3
1433:153.0
1430:155.0
1427:104.5
1321:139.2
1306:12.13
1303:12.37
1297:16.93
1294:13.87
1291:11.53
1188:(5.0)
1078:(5.7)
1073:(4.1)
814:Month
678:7,228
667:3,167
656:4,142
630:Total
587:Greece
554:, and
542:, the
534:, and
520:Poland
512:Polish
506:, and
433:Modern
427:Tortum
403:sanjak
373:, the
331:Strabo
327:Gugark
294:Turkey
240::
180:22,927
122:Turkey
2542:Ölçek
2507:Kıraç
2437:Dağcı
2352:Altaş
2119:(CSV)
1980:[
1673:(PDF)
1622:(XLS)
1457:77.5
1424:80.6
1413:70.5
1410:77.3
1407:72.9
1404:68.8
1401:65.2
1398:65.7
1395:68.1
1392:68.6
1389:68.2
1386:67.6
1383:72.6
1380:75.1
1377:75.4
1365:35.3
1318:9.93
1315:8.77
1312:11.3
1309:8.53
1300:15.3
1285:9.13
1275:600.4
1240:101.7
1201:−39.8
1196:−36.3
1191:−28.9
1186:−15.0
1156:−19.0
1151:−33.2
1146:−38.7
1141:−39.8
1126:−12.1
1076:−14.6
1071:−15.5
1001:−10.3
853:Year
725:2010
715:2000
705:1990
695:1980
685:1970
675:1960
664:1916
653:1897
646:Kurds
638:1886
627:Year
614:Turks
610:Kurds
500:Kurds
423:Ajara
208:75000
191:UTC+3
2172:info
2155:2024
2130:2023
2102:2021
2080:2024
2043:2014
2021:2014
1962:2014
1938:help
1861:ISSN
1809:ISBN
1724:2020
1698:help
1679:: 1.
1655:2020
1633:2023
1626:TÜİK
1594:See
1522:NOAA
1507:5.5
1504:2.5
1501:3.7
1498:5.3
1495:7.1
1492:8.1
1489:8.3
1486:7.8
1483:6.3
1480:5.1
1477:5.0
1474:3.7
1471:2.6
1374:(%)
1362:6.4
1359:3.4
1356:0.9
1341:0.3
1338:2.5
1335:8.4
1332:5.9
1329:7.5
1288:9.4
1270:24.7
1265:29.9
1260:41.1
1255:38.9
1250:64.8
1245:77.2
1235:85.2
1230:54.2
1225:37.0
1220:21.7
1215:24.0
1181:−5.8
1176:−2.8
1171:−2.2
1166:−4.5
1161:−8.5
1131:−1.8
1121:−5.4
1086:−0.8
1081:−7.5
1056:−7.3
1051:−0.1
1041:12.5
1036:16.7
1031:16.4
1026:13.3
1011:−2.3
1006:−9.1
991:11.3
986:−1.5
976:15.2
971:21.2
966:25.2
961:24.3
956:20.8
951:16.4
946:11.1
936:−2.7
931:−4.4
921:35.0
916:14.3
911:18.7
906:26.0
901:32.1
896:35.0
891:34.3
886:33.1
881:28.9
876:25.0
871:18.4
866:11.0
861:11.1
850:Dec
847:Nov
844:Oct
841:Sep
838:Aug
835:Jul
832:Jun
829:May
826:Apr
823:Mar
820:Feb
817:Jan
783:Dfc,
771:Dfb,
747:Kura
641:778
612:and
536:Oltu
532:Kars
510:. A
425:and
384:The
304:and
290:city
223:.bel
1116:0.7
1111:4.9
1106:9.3
1101:9.4
1096:6.5
1091:3.6
1061:4.3
1046:7.2
1021:9.6
1016:4.7
981:6.7
941:3.6
518:of
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